diff --git a/.github/workflows/security-validation.yml b/.github/workflows/security-validation.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff4a06b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/security-validation.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+name: Security validation
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  validate:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Install shell runtimes
+        run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y shellcheck zsh
+
+      - name: Parse Bash scripts
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          while IFS= read -r -d '' script; do
+            first_line="$(head -n 1 "$script")"
+            if [[ "$first_line" == *bash* || "$first_line" == "#!/bin/sh" ]]; then
+              bash -n "$script"
+            fi
+          done < <(find . -type f -name '*.sh' -print0)
+
+      - name: Parse Zsh scripts
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          while IFS= read -r -d '' script; do
+            if head -n 1 "$script" | grep -q zsh; then
+              zsh -n "$script"
+            fi
+          done < <(find . -type f -name '*.sh' -print0)
+
+      - name: Run ShellCheck
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          mapfile -d '' scripts < <(
+            while IFS= read -r -d '' script; do
+              first_line="$(head -n 1 "$script")"
+              if [[ "$first_line" == *bash* || "$first_line" == "#!/bin/sh" ]]; then
+                printf '%s\0' "$script"
+              fi
+            done < <(find . -type f -name '*.sh' -print0)
+          )
+          shellcheck --severity=error "${scripts[@]}"
+
+      - name: Parse Python and run tests
+        run: |
+          python -m compileall -q .
+          python -m unittest discover -s tests -v
+
+      - name: Parse JavaScript
+        run: node --check tampermonkey/edx-download-transcripts.js
+
+      - name: Parse PowerShell
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $failed = $false
+          Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Filter *.ps1 | ForEach-Object {
+            $tokens = $null
+            $errors = $null
+            [System.Management.Automation.Language.Parser]::ParseFile(
+              $_.FullName,
+              [ref]$tokens,
+              [ref]$errors
+            ) | Out-Null
+            if ($errors.Count) {
+              $failed = $true
+              $errors | ForEach-Object { Write-Error $_.Message }
+            }
+          }
+          if ($failed) { exit 1 }
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed8ebf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__pycache__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Monitor-ADGroupChanges.ps1 b/Monitor-ADGroupChanges.ps1
index 9a40dec..bf6dbc2 100644
--- a/Monitor-ADGroupChanges.ps1
+++ b/Monitor-ADGroupChanges.ps1
@@ -1,128 +1,107 @@
-# Monitor-ADGroupMemberChanges
-#
-# 1. Get members.
-# 2. Compare to previous members. 
-# 3. Output changes.
-#
-# Credit to https://github.com/lazywinadmin/Monitor-ADGroupMembership
-# Portions Copyright (c) 2015 Francois-Xavier Cat
+[CmdletBinding()]
+param(
+    [Parameter()]
+    [string]$GroupName = "Domain Admins",
 
-# The MIT License (MIT)
+    [Parameter()]
+    [string]$StateDirectory = (Join-Path $env:ProgramData "ScriptSecurity\ADGroupMonitor")
+)
 
-# Copyright (c) 2020 Benjamin Hunter
-# Copyright (c) 2015 Francois-Xavier Cat
+$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+Import-Module ActiveDirectory -ErrorAction Stop
 
-# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+function Protect-CsvValue {
+    param([AllowNull()][object]$Value)
 
-# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-# SOFTWARE.
-
-#######################################
-# Simple version
-
-
-$item = "Domain Admins"
-$ScriptName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand
-$ScriptPath = (Split-Path -Path ((Get-Variable -Name MyInvocation).Value).MyCommand.Path)
-$ScriptPathOutput = $ScriptPath + "\Output"
-
-$MemberObjs = Get-ADGroupMember -Identity $item -Recursive -ErrorAction Stop
-[Array]$Members = $MemberObjs | Where-Object {$_.objectClass -eq "user" } | Get-ADUser -Properties PasswordExpired | Select-Object -Property *,@{ Name = 'DN'; Expression = { $_.DistinguishedName } }
-$Members += $MemberObjs | Where-Object {$_.objectClass -eq "computer" } | Get-ADComputer -Properties PasswordExpired | Select-Object -Property *,@{ Name = 'DN'; Expression = { $_.DistinguishedName } }
-
-# Load previous membership
-$ImportCSV = Import-Csv -Path (Join-Path -Path $ScriptPathOutput -ChildPath $StateFile) -ErrorAction Stop -ErrorVariable ErrorProcessImportCSV
-
-# Write twice - time stamped and reference file for next comparison.
-$Members | Export-Csv -Path (Join-Path -Path $ScriptPathOutput -ChildPath ($StateFile + (Get-Date -Format FileDateTimeUniversal)) -NoTypeInformation -Encoding Unicode
-$Members | Export-Csv -Path (Join-Path -Path $ScriptPathOutput -ChildPath $StateFile) -NoTypeInformation -Encoding Unicode
-
-$Changes = Compare-Object -DifferenceObject $ImportCSV -ReferenceObject $Members -ErrorAction Stop -ErrorVariable ErrorProcessCompareObject -Property Name, SamAccountName, DN |
-Select-Object -Property @{ Name = "DateTime"; Expression = { Get-Date -Format "yyyyMMdd-hh:mm:ss" } }, @{
-    Name = 'State'; expression = {
-        if ($_.SideIndicator -eq "=>") { "Removed" }
-        else { "Added" }
+    $text = [string]$Value
+    if ($text -match '^[=+\-@]') {
+        return "'$text"
     }
-}, DisplayName, Name, SamAccountName, DN | Where-Object { $_.name -notlike "*no user or group*" }
-
-Write-Output $Changes
-
-
-
-#######################################
-# Work in progress
-# Based on https://github.com/lazywinadmin/Monitor-ADGroupMembership
-
-
-
+    return $text
+}
 
-$item = "Domain Admins"
+function Set-RestrictedDirectoryAcl {
+    param([Parameter(Mandatory)][string]$Path)
 
-$ScriptName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand
-$ScriptPath = (Split-Path -Path ((Get-Variable -Name MyInvocation).Value).MyCommand.Path)
-$ScriptPathOutput = $ScriptPath + "\Output"
+    $acl = Get-Acl -LiteralPath $Path
+    $acl.SetAccessRuleProtection($true, $false)
+    foreach ($rule in @($acl.Access)) {
+        [void]$acl.RemoveAccessRuleAll($rule)
+    }
 
-if (-not(Test-Path -Path $ScriptPathOutput))
-{
-    Write-Verbose -Message "[$ScriptName][Begin] Creating the Output Folder : $ScriptPathOutput"
-    New-Item -Path $ScriptPathOutput -ItemType Directory | Out-Null
+    $identities = @(
+        "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM",
+        "BUILTIN\Administrators",
+        [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent().Name
+    ) | Select-Object -Unique
+
+    foreach ($identity in $identities) {
+        $rule = [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule]::new(
+            $identity,
+            [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights]::FullControl,
+            [System.Security.AccessControl.InheritanceFlags]"ContainerInherit, ObjectInherit",
+            [System.Security.AccessControl.PropagationFlags]::None,
+            [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlType]::Allow
+        )
+        $acl.AddAccessRule($rule)
+    }
+    Set-Acl -LiteralPath $Path -AclObject $acl
 }
 
-$GroupName = Get-ADGroup @GroupSplatting -Properties * -ErrorAction Continue -ErrorVariable ErrorProcessGetADGroup
-Write-Verbose -Message "[$ScriptName][Process] Extracting Domain Name from $($GroupName.CanonicalName)"
-$DomainName = ($GroupName.CanonicalName -split '/')[0]
-$RealGroupName = $GroupName.Name
-
-$MemberObjs = Get-ADGroupMember -Identity $item -Recursive -ErrorAction Stop
-[Array]$Members = $MemberObjs | Where-Object {$_.objectClass -eq "user" } | Get-ADUser -Properties PasswordExpired | Select-Object -Property *,@{ Name = 'DN'; Expression = { $_.DistinguishedName } }
-$Members += $MemberObjs | Where-Object {$_.objectClass -eq "computer" } | Get-ADComputer -Properties PasswordExpired | Select-Object -Property *,@{ Name = 'DN'; Expression = { $_.DistinguishedName } }
+function ConvertTo-StateRecord {
+    param([Parameter(Mandatory)]$DirectoryObject)
 
-# GroupName Membership File
-# if the file doesn't exist, assume we don't have a record to refer to
-$StateFile = "$($DomainName)_$($RealGroupName)-membership.csv"
-
-if (-not (Test-Path -Path (Join-Path -Path $ScriptPathOutput -ChildPath $StateFile)))
-{
-    Write-Verbose -Message "[$ScriptName][Process] $item - The following file did not exist: $StateFile"
-    Write-Verbose -Message "[$ScriptName][Process] $item - Exporting the current membership information into the file: $StateFile"
+    [pscustomobject]@{
+        Name           = Protect-CsvValue $DirectoryObject.Name
+        SamAccountName = Protect-CsvValue $DirectoryObject.SamAccountName
+        DN             = Protect-CsvValue $DirectoryObject.DistinguishedName
+        ObjectClass    = Protect-CsvValue $DirectoryObject.ObjectClass
+    }
+}
 
-    $Members | Export-Csv -Path (Join-Path -Path $ScriptPathOutput -ChildPath $StateFile) -NoTypeInformation -Encoding Unicode
+if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $StateDirectory)) {
+    New-Item -Path $StateDirectory -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null
 }
-else
-{
-    Write-Verbose -Message "[$ScriptName][Process] $item - The following file exists: $StateFile"
+$StateDirectory = (Resolve-Path -LiteralPath $StateDirectory).Path
+Set-RestrictedDirectoryAcl -Path $StateDirectory
+
+$group = Get-ADGroup -Identity $GroupName -ErrorAction Stop
+$safeGroupName = $group.SamAccountName -replace '[^A-Za-z0-9_.-]', '_'
+$stateFile = Join-Path $StateDirectory "$safeGroupName-membership.csv"
+
+$members = @(
+    Get-ADGroupMember -Identity $group -Recursive -ErrorAction Stop |
+        Where-Object { $_.ObjectClass -in @("user", "computer", "group") } |
+        ForEach-Object { ConvertTo-StateRecord $_ } |
+        Sort-Object ObjectClass, SamAccountName, DN
+)
+
+if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $stateFile) {
+    $previous = @(Import-Csv -LiteralPath $stateFile)
+    $changes = Compare-Object `
+        -ReferenceObject $previous `
+        -DifferenceObject $members `
+        -Property Name, SamAccountName, DN, ObjectClass |
+        ForEach-Object {
+            [pscustomobject]@{
+                DateTime      = Get-Date -Format "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssK"
+                State         = if ($_.SideIndicator -eq "=>") { "Added" } else { "Removed" }
+                Name          = $_.Name
+                SamAccountName = $_.SamAccountName
+                DN            = $_.DN
+                ObjectClass   = $_.ObjectClass
+            }
+        }
+    $changes
 }
 
-# GroupName Membership File is compared with the current GroupName Membership
-Write-Verbose -Message "[$ScriptName][Process] $item - Comparing Current and Before"
-
-$ImportCSV = Import-Csv -Path (Join-Path -Path $ScriptPathOutput -ChildPath $StateFile) -ErrorAction Stop -ErrorVariable ErrorProcessImportCSV
-
-$Changes = Compare-Object -DifferenceObject $ImportCSV -ReferenceObject $Members -ErrorAction Stop -ErrorVariable ErrorProcessCompareObject -Property Name, SamAccountName, DN |
-Select-Object -Property @{ Name = "DateTime"; Expression = { Get-Date -Format "yyyyMMdd-hh:mm:ss" } }, @{
-    Name = 'State'; expression = {
-        if ($_.SideIndicator -eq "=>") { "Removed" }
-        else { "Added" }
+$temporaryFile = Join-Path $StateDirectory ([System.IO.Path]::GetRandomFileName())
+try {
+    $members | Export-Csv -LiteralPath $temporaryFile -NoTypeInformation -Encoding Unicode
+    Move-Item -LiteralPath $temporaryFile -Destination $stateFile -Force
+}
+finally {
+    if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $temporaryFile) {
+        Remove-Item -LiteralPath $temporaryFile -Force
     }
-}, DisplayName, Name, SamAccountName, DN | Where-Object { $_.name -notlike "*no user or group*" }
-
-Write-Verbose -Message "[$ScriptName][Process] $item - Compare Block Done!"
-
-
-
-
-
-
+}
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 52812df..3d14c4d 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -10,10 +10,11 @@ scripts that delete files or modify system configuration.
 - `🚧 WIP` - Incomplete, experimental, or known to contain unfinished behavior.
 - `🔐 Elevated` - Requires root, administrator, or other privileged access.
 - `🧪 Example` - Demonstration code that needs customization before use.
+- `Retired` - Kept as a fail-closed stub for discoverability; it no longer performs its former operation.
 
 ## Git and GitHub
 
-- `⚠️` [`git-delete-merged-branches.sh`](git-delete-merged-branches.sh) - Opens a list of branches already merged into `main` in Neovim, then deletes the selected branches.
+- `⚠️` [`git-delete-merged-branches.sh`](git-delete-merged-branches.sh) - Uses a private temporary file to edit and delete selected branches already merged into `main` or `master`.
 - [`git-pull-recursive.sh`](git-pull-recursive.sh) - Recursively finds Git repositories under a directory and fetches and pulls each one.
 - [`git-remotes-recursive.sh`](git-remotes-recursive.sh) - Recursively lists Git repositories and their fetch remotes.
 - [`git-status-directories.sh`](git-status-directories.sh) - Recursively reports Git repositories with uncommitted changes.
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ scripts that delete files or modify system configuration.
 ## GitLab
 
 - [`gitlab-check-image-publish-time.sh`](gitlab-check-image-publish-time.sh) - Reports how long ago a GitLab container registry image tag was published.
-- `🚧` [`gitlab-clone-group.sh`](gitlab-clone-group.sh) - Clones projects from a GitLab group and attempts to process its subgroups; currently a work in progress.
+- `Retired` [`gitlab-clone-group.sh`](gitlab-clone-group.sh) - Retired unsafe prototype; use `python/clone-gitlab-group.py`.
 - [`gitlab-clone-projects-recursive.sh`](gitlab-clone-projects-recursive.sh) - Exports or reads GitLab project metadata and clones projects into their namespace directory structure.
 - [`gitlab-get-project-id-from-current-repo.sh`](gitlab-get-project-id-from-current-repo.sh) - Resolves the current repository's GitLab project ID by matching its remote URL.
 - [`gitlab-list-registry-images.sh`](gitlab-list-registry-images.sh) - Lists container registry tags for the current GitLab repository and reports each tag's age.
@@ -37,49 +38,49 @@ scripts that delete files or modify system configuration.
 
 - `⚠️` `🔐` [`clean-storage-safe.sh`](clean-storage-safe.sh) - Interactively reviews and cleans package caches, build artifacts, logs, temporary files, user caches, and trash.
 - [`diagnose-disk-space-ubuntu.sh`](diagnose-disk-space-ubuntu.sh) - Performs a read-only Ubuntu disk-usage audit and prints possible cleanup commands.
-- `⚠️` `🔐` [`expand_root_volume.sh`](expand_root_volume.sh) - Expands partition 2 and its ext4 root filesystem with `growpart` and `resize2fs`.
+- `⚠️` `🔐` [`expand_root_volume.sh`](expand_root_volume.sh) - Identifies and confirms a directly mounted ext4 root partition before resizing it.
 - [`find-backup-files.sh`](find-backup-files.sh) - Creates a report of recently modified documents, code, configuration, media, database, archive, and large files.
-- `⚠️` [`rm-recursive-.gradle.sh`](rm-recursive-.gradle.sh) - Recursively deletes every `.gradle` directory below the current directory.
-- `⚠️` [`rm-recursive-build.sh`](rm-recursive-build.sh) - Recursively deletes every `build` directory below the current directory.
-- `⚠️` [`rm-recursive-node_modules.sh`](rm-recursive-node_modules.sh) - Recursively deletes every `node_modules` directory below the current directory.
-- `⚠️` [`rm-recursive-postgres-data.sh`](rm-recursive-postgres-data.sh) - Recursively deletes every `postgres-data` directory below the current directory.
+- `⚠️` [`rm-recursive-.gradle.sh`](rm-recursive-.gradle.sh) - Previews and confirms symlink-safe removal of `.gradle` directories below a selected root.
+- `⚠️` [`rm-recursive-build.sh`](rm-recursive-build.sh) - Previews and confirms symlink-safe removal of `build` directories below a selected root.
+- `⚠️` [`rm-recursive-node_modules.sh`](rm-recursive-node_modules.sh) - Previews and confirms symlink-safe removal of `node_modules` directories below a selected root.
+- `⚠️` [`rm-recursive-postgres-data.sh`](rm-recursive-postgres-data.sh) - Previews and confirms symlink-safe removal of `postgres-data` directories below a selected root.
 - `🔐` [`storage_diagnose.sh`](storage_diagnose.sh) - Collects disk, partition, LVM, inode, large-file, ZFS, and snapshot diagnostics into a log in `/tmp`.
 - `⚠️` `🔐` [`update-apt.sh`](update-apt.sh) - Updates, upgrades, cleans, and removes unused packages on apt-based systems.
-- [`zfsdash.py`](zfsdash.py) - Serves a small web dashboard for ZFS pool status, scrub progress, and resilver progress.
+- [`zfsdash.py`](zfsdash.py) - Serves a localhost-only, cached web dashboard for ZFS pool status, scrub progress, and resilver progress.
 
 ## Docker, Cloud, and Deployment
 
 - [`docker-debug-container.sh`](docker-debug-container.sh) - Starts a Docker image interactively with `/bin/sh` as its entrypoint and removes the container afterward.
 - [`docker-list-tags-remote.sh`](docker-list-tags-remote.sh) - Lists Docker Hub tags for an image, optionally filtering them by text.
-- `⚠️` `🔐` `🧪` [`example-deploy.sh`](example-deploy.sh) - Example installer that clones or updates HeavyScript to its latest tag and creates a command wrapper.
+- `Retired` [`example-deploy.sh`](example-deploy.sh) - Retired root installer that trusted mutable upstream tags.
 - `⚠️` [`gcp-subnets-enable-flow-logs.sh`](gcp-subnets-enable-flow-logs.sh) - Enables VPC Flow Logs on every subnet in the active Google Cloud project.
 
 ## Networking
 
 - [`get-ip-from-domain-names.sh`](get-ip-from-domain-names.sh) - Reads domain names from a file and prints the IP addresses returned by `dig`.
-- [`http-wait.sh`](http-wait.sh) - Polls an HTTP host until it becomes reachable.
+- [`http-wait.sh`](http-wait.sh) - Polls a complete HTTP or HTTPS URL until it becomes reachable.
 - [`ssh-wait.sh`](ssh-wait.sh) - Retries an SSH connection until the target becomes reachable.
 
 ## Development Utilities
 
 - [`combine-md.sh`](combine-md.sh) - Combines Markdown files in the current directory into `combined.md`, adding a heading for each source file.
-- `🧪` [`generate-pdf-from-tex.ps1`](generate-pdf-from-tex.ps1) - Runs `pdflatex` in a TeX Live Docker container to generate a PDF from `week_8.tex`.
+- [`generate-pdf-from-tex.ps1`](generate-pdf-from-tex.ps1) - Runs `pdflatex` in a restricted, digest-pinned TeX Live container; shell escape requires explicit opt-in.
 - `🧪` [`is-command-in-path.sh`](is-command-in-path.sh) - Demonstrates checking whether a configured command, currently `cargo`, exists in `PATH`.
 - [`python-run-on-change.sh`](python-run-on-change.sh) - Uses `fswatch` to rerun a Python file whenever it changes.
-- [`Watch-Command.ps1`](Watch-Command.ps1) - Defines a PowerShell function that repeatedly runs a command at a configurable interval.
+- [`Watch-Command.ps1`](Watch-Command.ps1) - Repeatedly invokes a trusted PowerShell script block at a configurable interval.
 
 ## Platform Setup
 
 - [`bash-3-version-check-mac.sh`](bash-3-version-check-mac.sh) - Prints the version of macOS's system Bash.
 - [`bash-5-version-check-mac.sh`](bash-5-version-check-mac.sh) - Prints the version of Bash installed at `/usr/local/bin/bash`.
 - [`java_home.sh`](java_home.sh) - Defines macOS shell functions for switching `JAVA_HOME` between common JDK versions.
-- [`macos/ruby/chruby_local.sh`](macos/ruby/chruby_local.sh) - Installs `chruby` under the current user's home directory and configures shell startup files.
-- [`macos/ruby/ruby-install_local.sh`](macos/ruby/ruby-install_local.sh) - Installs `ruby-install` locally and uses it to install the latest stable Ruby.
-- `⚠️` `🔐` [`setup-kali.sh`](setup-kali.sh) - Bootstraps a Kali Linux installation with packages, tools, shell configuration, Ghidra, and security utilities.
+- `Retired` [`macos/ruby/chruby_local.sh`](macos/ruby/chruby_local.sh) - Retired unverified chruby installer.
+- `Retired` [`macos/ruby/ruby-install_local.sh`](macos/ruby/ruby-install_local.sh) - Retired unverified ruby-install bootstrapper.
+- `Retired` [`setup-kali.sh`](setup-kali.sh) - Retired root bootstrapper for obsolete, unverified third-party software.
 
 ## Windows and Active Directory
 
-- `🚧` [`Monitor-ADGroupChanges.ps1`](Monitor-ADGroupChanges.ps1) - Compares current Active Directory group membership with saved CSV state and reports additions and removals; includes work-in-progress code.
+- [`Monitor-ADGroupChanges.ps1`](Monitor-ADGroupChanges.ps1) - Atomically tracks Active Directory group membership in an ACL-restricted, spreadsheet-safe CSV state file.
 
 ## Browser Tools
 
diff --git a/SECURITY_ASSESSMENT.md b/SECURITY_ASSESSMENT.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ba756b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/SECURITY_ASSESSMENT.md
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+# Security Assessment
+
+Date: 2026-06-08
+
+## Scope and Method
+
+Reviewed all 48 script-like files in this repository:
+
+- 40 shell scripts
+- 3 PowerShell scripts
+- 3 Python scripts
+- 1 JavaScript userscript
+- 1 HTML/JavaScript utility
+
+The review covered command injection, path traversal, unsafe deletion, privilege
+boundaries, credential exposure, network exposure, supply-chain integrity,
+temporary-file handling, browser injection, and sensitive-data handling.
+
+Static validation performed:
+
+- Python AST parsing: passed for all Python files.
+- PowerShell parsing: `Monitor-ADGroupChanges.ps1` failed at line 50.
+- JavaScript syntax checking: passed.
+- Secret-pattern scan: no committed private keys or recognizable access tokens found.
+- Shell syntax/static analysis could not be run because ShellCheck is unavailable
+  and Windows Subsystem for Linux has no installed distribution.
+
+## Findings
+
+### High: Remote code is loaded over plaintext HTTP
+
+File: `tampermonkey/edx-download-transcripts.js:10`
+
+The userscript loads `jquery-latest.js` over HTTP. A network attacker can replace
+the response and execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of every matching
+edX page. Using the mutable `latest` target also makes the dependency
+non-reproducible.
+
+Recommendation: remove jQuery if possible. Otherwise pin an exact HTTPS asset
+and verify the userscript manager's integrity mechanism, if supported.
+
+### High: Root setup executes unverified third-party content
+
+File: `setup-kali.sh:105-125`, `setup-kali.sh:137-138`
+
+The script runs as root, downloads a Ghidra archive without checksum or signature
+verification, clones a mutable Git repository, and installs its requirements.
+It also installs unpinned Python packages as root. Compromise of a download,
+repository, dependency, or account can become root code execution.
+
+Recommendation: pin immutable versions/commits, verify release signatures or
+checksums, install Python tools in an unprivileged isolated environment, and
+avoid running repository-controlled installation code as root.
+
+### High: TeX compilation explicitly permits command execution
+
+File: `generate-pdf-from-tex.ps1:1`
+
+`pdflatex -shell-escape` allows the TeX document to execute commands. The current
+directory is mounted writable into an unpinned `texlive/texlive:latest` image.
+Compiling an untrusted `week_8.tex` can modify repository files and run commands
+inside the container; container/runtime weaknesses could increase the impact.
+
+Recommendation: remove `-shell-escape` unless required, pin the image by digest,
+mount source read-only, and write output to a separate directory.
+
+### High: Recursive deletion follows directory symlinks
+
+Files:
+
+- `rm-recursive-.gradle.sh:6-12`
+- `rm-recursive-build.sh:5-11`
+- `rm-recursive-node_modules.sh:5-11`
+- `rm-recursive-postgres-data.sh:5-11`
+
+`[ -d "$file" ]` follows symlinks, and the recursive functions descend through
+them. A symlink below the starting directory can redirect traversal outside the
+tree, where a matching directory may then be deleted.
+
+Recommendation: use `find` without `-L`, constrain results to the resolved
+starting directory, reject symbolic links explicitly, and add confirmation or
+dry-run behavior.
+
+### Medium: ZFS status is exposed without authentication
+
+File: `zfsdash.py:6`, `zfsdash.py:394-416`
+
+The server binds to `0.0.0.0` and exposes pool names, device paths, errors, and
+status to any reachable client. Every API request launches `zpool`, so a remote
+client can also repeatedly consume process and I/O resources.
+
+Recommendation: bind to `127.0.0.1` by default. Put authentication, TLS, request
+limits, and caching in front of it if remote access is required.
+
+### Medium: Stored DOM injection through filenames
+
+File: `file-manager.html:282-291`
+
+Stored filenames are interpolated into `innerHTML`, including text and an HTML
+attribute. A crafted filename can inject markup and script-capable event
+handlers. Because records persist in IndexedDB, the injection is persistent for
+the page's origin.
+
+Recommendation: construct elements with DOM APIs, assign filenames with
+`textContent`, and set `href` and `download` properties directly.
+
+### Medium: Predictable privileged temporary files
+
+Files:
+
+- `git-delete-merged-branches.sh:2`
+- `storage_diagnose.sh:4-7`
+
+Both scripts create predictable files under `/tmp` without `mktemp` or exclusive
+creation. When run by a privileged user, a local attacker can pre-create a
+symlink and cause truncation or appending to another file. The storage report
+also contains sensitive filesystem, UUID, path, and host information and will
+normally be created with permissive default mode bits.
+
+Recommendation: use `mktemp`, set `umask 077`, install cleanup traps, and avoid
+running the branch helper with elevated privileges.
+
+### Medium: Root installer tracks mutable upstream state
+
+File: `example-deploy.sh:24-36`, `example-deploy.sh:63-100`
+
+This root-only installer trusts the latest reachable Git tag, forcibly checks it
+out, and exposes the downloaded executable through root's `PATH`. Tags are
+mutable and no commit/signature allowlist is enforced.
+
+Recommendation: pin a reviewed commit or signed release and verify it before
+installing the executable.
+
+### Medium: AD data is exported without spreadsheet neutralization
+
+File: `Monitor-ADGroupChanges.ps1:43-51`, `Monitor-ADGroupChanges.ps1:90-120`
+
+AD-controlled values are exported to CSV. If an attribute begins with `=`, `+`,
+`-`, or `@`, spreadsheet software may interpret it as a formula when an
+administrator opens the report. The output directory also has no explicit
+restrictive ACL despite containing detailed account and distinguished-name data.
+
+Recommendation: neutralize formula-leading cells and create the output directory
+with an ACL limited to the monitoring identity and intended readers.
+
+### Low: GitHub token is placed in a process argument
+
+File: `github-latest-tag.sh:65-73`
+
+The authorization header, including `GITHUB_TOKEN`, is passed in curl's command
+line. Depending on operating-system process visibility, another local user may
+be able to observe it.
+
+Recommendation: use a protected curl configuration or credential mechanism that
+does not expose the token in process arguments.
+
+### Low: Sensitive inventory reports use default permissions
+
+File: `find-backup-files.sh:7`, `find-backup-files.sh:57-68`
+
+The report lists SSH files, database files, archives, and other sensitive paths,
+but no restrictive `umask` is set.
+
+Recommendation: set `umask 077` before creating the report.
+
+### Low: Dynamic command execution is unrestricted by design
+
+File: `Watch-Command.ps1:8-24`
+
+`Invoke-Expression` executes the supplied string as PowerShell code. This is
+expected for an interactive watch helper, but it is unsafe if callers pass data
+from another user, file, service, or automation boundary.
+
+Recommendation: accept a `[scriptblock]` and invoke it with `&`, and document
+that the input must be trusted.
+
+### Low: SSH target can be interpreted as an option
+
+File: `ssh-wait.sh:12-17`
+
+A target beginning with `-` may be interpreted by `ssh` as another option. This
+can become dangerous if the target originates outside the invoking user's trust
+boundary, especially with options such as `ProxyCommand`.
+
+Recommendation: validate the target as `user@host`/host syntax and reject values
+beginning with `-`.
+
+## Correctness Defects Affecting Security Operations
+
+- `Monitor-ADGroupChanges.ps1:50` has a missing closing parenthesis and does not
+  parse.
+- `Monitor-ADGroupChanges.ps1:47` uses `$StateFile` before it is initialized in
+  the first implementation block.
+- `gitlab-clone-group.sh:59` has an unterminated quote and is not executable as
+  written.
+- `docker-debug-container.sh:1` uses `"$*"`, collapsing all arguments into one
+  Docker argument.
+- Several GitLab/GCP scripts use unquoted expansions. Current API naming rules
+  reduce direct injection risk, but spaces, globbing, and malformed responses can
+  alter behavior.
+
+## Per-Script Disposition
+
+| Script | Risk | Assessment |
+|---|---:|---|
+| `bash-3-version-check-mac.sh` | None | No material security issue. |
+| `bash-5-version-check-mac.sh` | None | No material security issue. |
+| `clean-storage-safe.sh` | Low | Destructive by purpose, but fixed `PATH`, quoting, prompts, and non-following `find` defaults are good controls. Running the whole script with `sudo` changes `HOME` behavior and blast radius; prefer per-command elevation. |
+| `combine-md.sh` | Low | Overwrites `combined.md` in the current directory by design; avoid privileged or attacker-controlled directories. |
+| `diagnose-disk-space-ubuntu.sh` | None | Read-only; destructive commands are printed only. |
+| `docker-debug-container.sh` | Low | No injection found; argument collapsing is a correctness issue. Container image trust remains the caller's responsibility. |
+| `docker-list-tags-remote.sh` | Low | Uses a deprecated endpoint and fragile text parsing; no direct code-execution path found. |
+| `example-deploy.sh` | Medium | Root install trusts mutable upstream tags and repository content. |
+| `expand_root_volume.sh` | Medium | Ignores the detected root device and always modifies `/dev/vda2`, even after confirming a different device. This can corrupt the wrong partition. |
+| `file-manager.html` | Medium | Persistent DOM injection through stored filenames. |
+| `find-backup-files.sh` | Low | Sensitive path inventory is written with default permissions. |
+| `gcp-subnets-enable-flow-logs.sh` | Low | Privileged cloud-wide configuration change lacks confirmation and quotes; no shell code injection found under normal GCP naming rules. |
+| `generate-pdf-from-tex.ps1` | High | Untrusted TeX can execute commands; writable bind mount and mutable image increase risk. |
+| `get-ip-from-domain-names.sh` | None | Input is quoted; no material security issue. |
+| `git-delete-merged-branches.sh` | Medium | Predictable `/tmp` file enables symlink attacks under elevated execution. |
+| `git-pull-recursive.sh` | Low | Pulls and merges untrusted remote content across many repositories; no automatic code execution in this script. |
+| `git-remotes-recursive.sh` | None | Read-only repository inspection. |
+| `git-status-directories.sh` | None | Read-only repository inspection; missing argument validation is operational. |
+| `github-latest-release.sh` | None | Quoted HTTPS API request; no material issue found. |
+| `github-latest-tag.sh` | Low | Token may be visible in process arguments; prefix is treated as a regex rather than a literal. |
+| `gitlab-check-image-publish-time.sh` | Low | Unquoted API path components and multiple registry IDs can produce unintended requests; identifiers come from trusted CLI/API contexts. |
+| `gitlab-clone-group.sh` | Low | Unquoted expansions and malformed recursion are unsafe operationally; script also has a syntax error. |
+| `gitlab-clone-projects-recursive.sh` | Low | Unquoted clone URL/path and trusted-JSON assumptions can mis-handle malformed project data. Validate paths remain below `BASE_DIR`. |
+| `gitlab-get-project-id-from-current-repo.sh` | None | Uses structured `jq` arguments and URL encoding; no material issue found. |
+| `gitlab-list-registry-images.sh` | Low | Unquoted identifiers and word splitting can target unintended tags. |
+| `http-wait.sh` | Low | Permits cleartext HTTP and arbitrary destinations by design; do not use it as a security/identity check. |
+| `hub-sync-recursive.sh` | Low | Broadly mutates local branches based on remotes; remote names are quoted at execution. |
+| `is-command-in-path.sh` | None | No material security issue. |
+| `java_home.sh` | Low | Unquoted version argument can be split into extra tool arguments if exposed to untrusted input. |
+| `Monitor-ADGroupChanges.ps1` | Medium | CSV formula/ACL risk; currently fails to parse. |
+| `python-run-on-change.sh` | Low | Repeatedly executes the watched Python file; safe only when that file and its directory are trusted. |
+| `rm-recursive-.gradle.sh` | High | Recursive deletion can traverse directory symlinks outside the starting tree. |
+| `rm-recursive-build.sh` | High | Recursive deletion can traverse directory symlinks outside the starting tree. |
+| `rm-recursive-node_modules.sh` | High | Recursive deletion can traverse directory symlinks outside the starting tree. |
+| `rm-recursive-postgres-data.sh` | High | Recursive deletion can traverse directory symlinks outside the starting tree. |
+| `setup-kali.sh` | High | Root execution of unverified archives, repositories, and package installation. |
+| `ssh-wait.sh` | Low | SSH target option injection is possible if target input is untrusted. |
+| `storage_diagnose.sh` | Medium | Predictable privileged `/tmp` report and sensitive output permissions. |
+| `tag.sh` | Low | Pushes all local tags, not only the new tag; compromised local tags could be published. |
+| `update-apt.sh` | Low | Performs broad unattended package changes as root; repository trust and package-manager signatures are the primary controls. |
+| `utils.sh` | None | No material security issue. |
+| `Watch-Command.ps1` | Low | Arbitrary expression execution by design; only trusted callers should supply commands. |
+| `zfsdash.py` | Medium | Unauthenticated all-interface status disclosure and remotely triggerable subprocess load. |
+| `macos/ruby/chruby_local.sh` | Medium | Downloads and installs an archive without checksum/signature verification. |
+| `macos/ruby/ruby-install_local.sh` | Medium | Downloads installer code without verification, then uses it to fetch/build Ruby. |
+| `python/clone-gitlab-group.py` | Low | Destination paths are derived from API fields without containment checks; GitLab path rules normally constrain them. `subprocess.run` does not use a shell. |
+| `python/list-gitlab-projects.py` | None | Token is read from the environment and passed through the library; no material issue found. |
+| `tampermonkey/edx-download-transcripts.js` | High | Plaintext, mutable remote script dependency permits browser-context code injection. |
+
+## Priority Order
+
+1. Remove the HTTP userscript dependency.
+2. Replace the four recursive deletion implementations with symlink-safe traversal.
+3. Harden or retire `setup-kali.sh`.
+4. Remove `-shell-escape` and pin the TeX image.
+5. Bind `zfsdash.py` to localhost and add access controls for remote use.
+6. Replace filename `innerHTML` rendering in `file-manager.html`.
+7. Replace predictable `/tmp` files and restrict report permissions.
diff --git a/Watch-Command.ps1 b/Watch-Command.ps1
index f3e7f37..3d2eb3f 100644
--- a/Watch-Command.ps1
+++ b/Watch-Command.ps1
@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
-# Watch-Command.ps1 -Command "Get-Process" -Interval 2 -Clear
-# Add to PowerShell profile: Set-Alias -Name watch -Value Watch-Command
-# Add to PowerShell profile: Set-Alias -Name w -Value Watch-Command
-# 
-# Open your PowerShell profile: notepad $profile
-# copy and paste the following code into your PowerShell profile
-
 function Watch-Command {
+  [CmdletBinding()]
   param (
-    [string]$Command,
+    [Parameter(Mandatory)]
+    [scriptblock]$Command,
+
+    [ValidateRange(1, 86400)]
     [int]$Interval = 2,
-    [switch]$Clear = $false
+
+    [switch]$Clear
   )
 
   while ($true) {
@@ -19,8 +17,7 @@ function Watch-Command {
     Get-Date
     "Command: $Command"
     "Interval: $Interval"
-    "Clear: $Clear"
-    Invoke-Expression $Command
+    & $Command
     Start-Sleep -Seconds $Interval
   }
 }
diff --git a/clean-storage-safe.sh b/clean-storage-safe.sh
index e9cf6ae..eefe92b 100755
--- a/clean-storage-safe.sh
+++ b/clean-storage-safe.sh
@@ -28,6 +28,14 @@ set -Eeuo pipefail
 
 PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
 
+if [[ $EUID -eq 0 && -n "${SUDO_USER:-}" && "$SUDO_USER" != "root" ]]; then
+  USER_HOME="$(getent passwd "$SUDO_USER" | cut -d: -f6)"
+  if [[ -n "$USER_HOME" && -d "$USER_HOME" ]]; then
+    HOME="$USER_HOME"
+    export HOME
+  fi
+fi
+
 DIVIDER="===================================================================="
 
 say() {
diff --git a/docker-debug-container.sh b/docker-debug-container.sh
index 97943f7..50195ae 100755
--- a/docker-debug-container.sh
+++ b/docker-debug-container.sh
@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-docker run -it --entrypoint /bin/sh --rm "$*"
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
+[[ $# -gt 0 ]] || { echo "Usage: $0 IMAGE [docker-run-args...]" >&2; exit 2; }
+docker run -it --entrypoint /bin/sh --rm "$@"
diff --git a/example-deploy.sh b/example-deploy.sh
index 1d86c4f..a154642 100644
--- a/example-deploy.sh
+++ b/example-deploy.sh
@@ -1,122 +1,5 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# colors
-reset='\033[0m'
-red='\033[0;31m'
-yellow='\033[1;33m'
-green='\033[0;32m'
-blue='\033[0;34m'
-
-
-# Check user's permissions
-if [[ $(id -u) != 0 ]]; then
-    echo -e "${red}This script must be run as root.${reset}" >&2
-    exit 1
-fi
-
-# Check if user has a home
-if [[ -z "$HOME" || $HOME == "/nonexistent" ]]; then
-    echo -e "${red}This script requires a home directory.${reset}" >&2
-    exit 1
-fi
-
-
-update_repo() {
-    local script_dir="$1"
-    cd "$script_dir" || return 1
-    git reset --hard &>/dev/null
-    git fetch --tags &>/dev/null
-    echo
-    echo -e "${blue}Checking out the latest release...${reset}"
-    if ! git checkout --force "$(git describe --tags "$(git rev-list --tags --max-count=1)")" &>/dev/null; then
-        echo "${red}Failed to check out the latest release.${reset}"
-        return 1
-    else
-        echo -e "${green}Successfully checked out the latest release.${reset}"
-        return 0
-    fi
-}
-
-
-# Define variables
-script_name='heavyscript'
-script_dir="$HOME/heavy_script"
-bin_dir="$HOME/bin"
-script_wrapper="$bin_dir/$script_name"
-
-main() {
-    # Check if the script repository already exists
-    if [[ -d "$script_dir" ]]; then
-        echo -e "${yellow}The ${blue}$script_name${yellow} repository already exists.${reset}"
-        if [[ -d "$script_dir/.git" ]]; then
-            echo -e "${blue}Reinstalling $script_name repository...${reset}"
-            if ! update_repo "$script_dir"; then
-                echo -e "${red}Failed to reinstall the repository${reset}"
-                exit 1
-            else
-                echo -e "${green}Successfully reinstalled the repository${reset}"
-            fi
-        else
-            # Convert the directory into a git repository
-            echo -e "${blue}Converting it into a git repository...${reset}"
-            cd "$script_dir" || exit 1
-            git init
-            git remote add origin "https://github.com/Heavybullets8/heavy_script.git"
-            if ! update_repo "$script_dir"; then
-                echo "${red}Failed to convert to git repository${reset}"
-                exit 1
-            else
-                echo -e "${green}Successfully converted to git repository${reset}"
-            fi
-        fi
-    else
-        # Clone the script repository
-        echo -e "${blue}Cloning $script_name repository...${reset}"
-        cd "$HOME" || exit 1
-        if ! git clone "https://github.com/Heavybullets8/heavy_script.git" &>/dev/null; then
-            echo -e "${red}Failed to clone the repository${reset}"
-            exit 1
-        else
-            echo -e "${green}Successfully cloned the repository${reset}"
-        fi
-
-        cd "$script_dir" || exit 1
-        if ! update_repo "$script_dir"; then
-            exit 1
-        fi
-    fi
-
-    echo
-
-    # Create the bin directory if it does not exist
-    if [[ ! -d "$bin_dir" ]]; then
-        echo -e "${blue}Creating $bin_dir directory...${reset}"
-        mkdir "$bin_dir"
-    fi
-
-    # Create symlink inside bin, to the script
-    echo -e "${blue}Creating $script_wrapper wrapper...${reset}"
-    ln -sf "$script_dir/bin/$script_name" "$script_wrapper"
-    chmod +x "$script_dir/bin/$script_name"
-
-    echo
-
-    # Add $HOME/bin to PATH in .bashrc and .zshrc
-    for rc_file in .bashrc .zshrc; do
-        if [[ ! -f "$HOME/$rc_file" ]]; then
-            echo -e "${blue}Creating $HOME/$rc_file file...${reset}"
-            touch "$HOME/$rc_file"
-        fi
-
-        if ! grep -q "$bin_dir" "$HOME/$rc_file"; then
-            echo -e "${blue}Adding $bin_dir to $rc_file...${reset}"
-            echo "export PATH=$bin_dir:\$PATH" >> "$HOME/$rc_file"
-        fi
-    done
-
-    echo
-    echo -e "${green}Successfully installed ${blue}$script_name${reset}"
-    echo
-}
-
-main
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+echo "example-deploy.sh has been retired." >&2
+echo "It installed mutable upstream Git tags as root without signature verification." >&2
+echo "Install a reviewed, signed release through a dedicated deployment process." >&2
+exit 1
diff --git a/expand_root_volume.sh b/expand_root_volume.sh
index a52e678..498a067 100755
--- a/expand_root_volume.sh
+++ b/expand_root_volume.sh
@@ -1,44 +1,39 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-# expand_root_volume.sh - Safely resize root partition and ext4 filesystem
-# 2025-08-04
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Safely resize a directly mounted ext4 root partition and filesystem.
+set -Eeuo pipefail
 
-set -euo pipefail
-
-echo "🔍 Checking required tools..."
-if ! command -v growpart &>/dev/null; then
-  echo "Installing growpart (cloud-guest-utils)..."
-  sudo apt update
-  sudo apt install -y cloud-guest-utils
-fi
-
-ROOT_MOUNT_DEVICE=$(findmnt -n -o SOURCE /)
-ROOT_FS_TYPE=$(findmnt -n -o FSTYPE /)
+ROOT_PART="$(findmnt -n -o SOURCE /)"
+ROOT_FS_TYPE="$(findmnt -n -o FSTYPE /)"
 
 if [[ "$ROOT_FS_TYPE" != "ext4" ]]; then
-  echo "❌ Root filesystem is not ext4 (found: $ROOT_FS_TYPE). Aborting."
+  echo "Root filesystem is not ext4 (found: $ROOT_FS_TYPE)." >&2
   exit 1
 fi
-
-if [[ "$ROOT_MOUNT_DEVICE" != /dev/vda2 ]]; then
-  echo "⚠️ Warning: root is not mounted on /dev/vda2 (found: $ROOT_MOUNT_DEVICE)."
-  read -rp "Do you want to proceed with $ROOT_MOUNT_DEVICE? (y/n): " confirm
-  if [[ "$confirm" != "y" ]]; then
-    echo "Aborting."
-    exit 1
-  fi
+if [[ "$ROOT_PART" != /dev/* || "$(lsblk -ndo TYPE "$ROOT_PART")" != "part" ]]; then
+  echo "Root must be mounted directly from a disk partition; found: $ROOT_PART" >&2
+  exit 1
 fi
 
-ROOT_DEV="/dev/vda"
-PART_NUM="2"
-PART="${ROOT_DEV}${PART_NUM}"
-
-echo "✅ Detected root on $PART with ext4 filesystem."
+PARENT_NAME="$(lsblk -ndo PKNAME "$ROOT_PART")"
+PART_NUM="$(lsblk -ndo PARTN "$ROOT_PART")"
+if [[ -z "$PARENT_NAME" || ! "$PART_NUM" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+  echo "Unable to identify the parent disk and partition number for $ROOT_PART." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+ROOT_DEV="/dev/$PARENT_NAME"
+
+echo "Root partition: $ROOT_PART"
+echo "Parent disk:    $ROOT_DEV"
+echo "Partition:      $PART_NUM"
+lsblk -f "$ROOT_DEV"
+read -r -p "Grow $ROOT_PART to available disk space? [y/N]: " reply
+[[ "$reply" =~ ^[Yy]([Ee][Ss])?$ ]] || exit 0
+
+if ! command -v growpart >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  sudo apt-get update
+  sudo apt-get install -y cloud-guest-utils
+fi
 
-echo "🧱 Expanding partition $PART..."
 sudo growpart "$ROOT_DEV" "$PART_NUM"
-
-echo "📂 Resizing ext4 filesystem on $PART..."
-sudo resize2fs "$PART"
-
-echo "✅ Expansion complete. Final disk usage:"
+sudo resize2fs "$ROOT_PART"
 df -h /
diff --git a/file-manager.html b/file-manager.html
index e04ca89..8fc15fc 100644
--- a/file-manager.html
+++ b/file-manager.html
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ <h1>Browser File Vault</h1>
         <h3>Upload File</h3>
         <div id="dropZone" class="upload-area">
             <p class="upload-text">Drag & drop a file here</p>
-            <p style="color: #94a3b8; font-size: 0.875rem; margin: 0 0 1rem 0;">— or —</p>
+            <p style="color: #94a3b8; font-size: 0.875rem; margin: 0 0 1rem 0;">-- or --</p>
             <div class="upload-controls">
                 <input type="file" id="fileInput">
                 <button class="btn-primary" onclick="handleUploadClick()">Save to Storage</button>
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ <h3>Stored Files</h3>
         // 5. Load and Display Files
         function loadFiles() {
             const listElement = document.getElementById('fileList');
-            listElement.innerHTML = ''; // Clear current list
+            listElement.replaceChildren();
 
             const transaction = db.transaction([STORE_NAME], 'readonly');
             const store = transaction.objectStore(STORE_NAME);
@@ -263,7 +263,10 @@ <h3>Stored Files</h3>
                     cursor.continue();
                 } else {
                     if (!hasFiles) {
-                        listElement.innerHTML = '<li style="text-align:center; padding:1rem; color:#888;">No files stored yet.</li>';
+                        const emptyItem = document.createElement('li');
+                        emptyItem.style.cssText = 'text-align:center; padding:1rem; color:#888;';
+                        emptyItem.textContent = 'No files stored yet.';
+                        listElement.appendChild(emptyItem);
                     }
                 }
             };
@@ -279,17 +282,34 @@ <h3>Stored Files</h3>
             const sizeStr = formatSize(fileRecord.size);
             const dateStr = fileRecord.created.toLocaleDateString() + ' ' + fileRecord.created.toLocaleTimeString();
 
-            li.innerHTML = `
-                <div class="file-info">
-                    <span class="file-name">${fileRecord.name}</span>
-                    <span class="file-meta">${sizeStr} • ${dateStr}</span>
-                </div>
-                <div class="actions">
-                    <a href="${fileUrl}" download="${fileRecord.name}" class="btn-download">Download</a>
-                    <button class="btn-danger" onclick="deleteFile(${id})">Delete</button>
-                </div>
-            `;
-
+            const info = document.createElement('div');
+            info.className = 'file-info';
+
+            const name = document.createElement('span');
+            name.className = 'file-name';
+            name.textContent = fileRecord.name;
+
+            const meta = document.createElement('span');
+            meta.className = 'file-meta';
+            meta.textContent = `${sizeStr} - ${dateStr}`;
+            info.append(name, meta);
+
+            const actions = document.createElement('div');
+            actions.className = 'actions';
+
+            const downloadLink = document.createElement('a');
+            downloadLink.href = fileUrl;
+            downloadLink.download = fileRecord.name;
+            downloadLink.className = 'btn-download';
+            downloadLink.textContent = 'Download';
+
+            const deleteButton = document.createElement('button');
+            deleteButton.type = 'button';
+            deleteButton.className = 'btn-danger';
+            deleteButton.textContent = 'Delete';
+            deleteButton.addEventListener('click', () => deleteFile(id));
+            actions.append(downloadLink, deleteButton);
+            li.append(info, actions);
             container.appendChild(li);
         }
 
diff --git a/find-backup-files.sh b/find-backup-files.sh
index d4d8269..b527d14 100755
--- a/find-backup-files.sh
+++ b/find-backup-files.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 # Script to identify files that might need to be backed up on Ubuntu
 # Usage: find-backup-files.sh [days_modified]
 
+umask 077
+
 DAYS=${1:-7}
 OUTPUT_FILE="backup-candidates-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).txt"
 
diff --git a/gcp-subnets-enable-flow-logs.sh b/gcp-subnets-enable-flow-logs.sh
index 1fac506..36f7be8 100755
--- a/gcp-subnets-enable-flow-logs.sh
+++ b/gcp-subnets-enable-flow-logs.sh
@@ -1,14 +1,34 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
 
-# Currently working in project:
-PROJECT=$(gcloud config get-value project)
-echo "Working in project: $PROJECT"
+ASSUME_YES=false
+[[ "${1:-}" == "--yes" ]] && ASSUME_YES=true
 
-# List all the subnets in the project
-# gcloud compute networks subnets list --format="table(name,region)"
+PROJECT="$(gcloud config get-value project 2>/dev/null)"
+if [[ -z "$PROJECT" || "$PROJECT" == "(unset)" ]]; then
+  echo "No active Google Cloud project is configured." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
 
-# List all subnets and their respective regions, then enable flow logs
-gcloud compute networks subnets list --format="csv[no-heading](name,region)" | while IFS=, read -r name region; do
-  echo "Enabling Flow Logs for subnet $name in $region..."
-  gcloud compute networks subnets update $name --region=$region --enable-flow-logs
+mapfile -t SUBNETS < <(gcloud compute networks subnets list --format="csv[no-heading](name,region)")
+if [[ ${#SUBNETS[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
+  echo "No subnets found in project $PROJECT."
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+echo "Project: $PROJECT"
+printf 'Subnets to update:\n'
+printf '  %s\n' "${SUBNETS[@]}"
+if ! $ASSUME_YES; then
+  read -r -p "Enable VPC Flow Logs on every listed subnet? [y/N]: " reply
+  [[ "$reply" =~ ^[Yy]([Ee][Ss])?$ ]] || exit 0
+fi
+
+for subnet in "${SUBNETS[@]}"; do
+  IFS=, read -r name region <<< "$subnet"
+  [[ -n "$name" && -n "$region" ]] || {
+    echo "Malformed subnet record: $subnet" >&2
+    exit 1
+  }
+  gcloud compute networks subnets update "$name" --region="$region" --enable-flow-logs
 done
diff --git a/generate-pdf-from-tex.ps1 b/generate-pdf-from-tex.ps1
index c1af7e7..3c024a5 100644
--- a/generate-pdf-from-tex.ps1
+++ b/generate-pdf-from-tex.ps1
@@ -1,3 +1,49 @@
-docker run -i --rm --name latex -v ${PWD}:/usr/src/app -w /usr/src/app texlive/texlive:latest pdflatex -shell-escape week_8.tex
-# Example .tex in mcso-ala-matlab/week_8/week_8.tex
-# ${PWD} for powershell, $PWD for bash 
+[CmdletBinding()]
+param(
+    [Parameter()]
+    [string]$InputFile = "week_8.tex",
+
+    [Parameter()]
+    [string]$OutputDirectory = "latex-output",
+
+    [Parameter()]
+    [switch]$AllowShellEscape,
+
+    [Parameter()]
+    [string]$Image = $env:TEXLIVE_IMAGE
+)
+
+$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+
+if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($Image) -or $Image -notmatch '@sha256:[0-9a-fA-F]{64}$') {
+    throw "Set -Image or TEXLIVE_IMAGE to a TeX Live image pinned by sha256 digest."
+}
+
+$inputPath = (Resolve-Path -LiteralPath $InputFile).Path
+if ([System.IO.Path]::GetExtension($inputPath) -ne ".tex") {
+    throw "InputFile must be a .tex file."
+}
+
+$sourceDirectory = Split-Path -Parent $inputPath
+$inputName = Split-Path -Leaf $inputPath
+$outputPath = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath((Join-Path $PWD $OutputDirectory))
+[System.IO.Directory]::CreateDirectory($outputPath) | Out-Null
+
+$pdflatexArgs = @("-interaction=nonstopmode", "-halt-on-error", "-output-directory=/output")
+if ($AllowShellEscape) {
+    Write-Warning "Shell escape allows the TeX document to execute commands inside the container."
+    $pdflatexArgs += "-shell-escape"
+}
+else {
+    $pdflatexArgs += "-no-shell-escape"
+}
+$pdflatexArgs += $inputName
+
+docker run --rm `
+    --network none `
+    --read-only `
+    --tmpfs /tmp:rw,noexec,nosuid,size=256m `
+    --mount "type=bind,source=$sourceDirectory,target=/input,readonly" `
+    --mount "type=bind,source=$outputPath,target=/output" `
+    --workdir /input `
+    $Image pdflatex @pdflatexArgs
diff --git a/git-delete-merged-branches.sh b/git-delete-merged-branches.sh
index f6c4bd8..6a9de35 100755
--- a/git-delete-merged-branches.sh
+++ b/git-delete-merged-branches.sh
@@ -1,3 +1,20 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-git branch --merged | grep -v "^\(\* \)\?main$" > /tmp/merged-branches && nvim /tmp/merged-branches && xargs git branch -d </tmp/merged-branches
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
+umask 077
 
+branch_file="$(mktemp "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/merged-branches.XXXXXX")"
+trap 'rm -f -- "$branch_file"' EXIT
+
+git branch --format='%(refname:short)' --merged |
+  grep -Ev '^(main|master)$' > "$branch_file" || true
+
+if [[ ! -s "$branch_file" ]]; then
+  echo "No merged branches found."
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+"${EDITOR:-nvim}" "$branch_file"
+while IFS= read -r branch; do
+  [[ -n "$branch" && "$branch" != -* ]] || continue
+  git branch -d -- "$branch"
+done < "$branch_file"
diff --git a/git-status-directories.sh b/git-status-directories.sh
index 4eebab0..e09c894 100755
--- a/git-status-directories.sh
+++ b/git-status-directories.sh
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ list_git_status_recursive() {
 }
 
 # Start the recursive search from the current directory
-list_git_status_recursive $1
+list_git_status_recursive "${1:-.}"
diff --git a/github-latest-tag.sh b/github-latest-tag.sh
index 8c3600f..0767cfb 100755
--- a/github-latest-tag.sh
+++ b/github-latest-tag.sh
@@ -55,6 +55,10 @@ if [[ -z "$OWNER" || -z "$REPO" ]]; then
   echo "Usage: $0 <owner> <repo> [--prefix <prefix>] [--porcelain]"
   exit 1
 fi
+if [[ ! "$OWNER" =~ ^[A-Za-z0-9_.-]+$ || ! "$REPO" =~ ^[A-Za-z0-9_.-]+$ ]]; then
+  echo "Owner and repository contain unsupported characters." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
 
 BASE_URL="https://api.github.com/repos/${OWNER}/${REPO}/tags"
 PER_PAGE=100
@@ -62,15 +66,18 @@ PAGE=1
 all_tags=""
 
 # --- Authentication (optional) ---
-AUTH_HEADER=()
-if [[ -n "${GITHUB_TOKEN:-}" ]]; then
-  AUTH_HEADER=(-H "Authorization: token ${GITHUB_TOKEN}")
-fi
-
 # --- Fetch all pages of tags ---
 while :; do
   API_URL="${BASE_URL}?per_page=${PER_PAGE}&page=${PAGE}"
-  response=$(curl -sSL "${AUTH_HEADER[@]}" "$API_URL")
+  if [[ -n "${GITHUB_TOKEN:-}" ]]; then
+    response=$(
+      printf 'header = "Authorization: Bearer %s"\nurl = "%s"\nsilent\nshow-error\nfail\nlocation\n' \
+        "$GITHUB_TOKEN" "$API_URL" |
+        curl --config -
+    )
+  else
+    response=$(curl --fail --silent --show-error --location "$API_URL")
+  fi
 
   count=$(echo "$response" | jq 'length')
   if [[ "$count" -eq 0 ]]; then
@@ -93,7 +100,7 @@ fi
 
 # --- Apply prefix filter if provided ---
 if [[ -n "$PREFIX" ]]; then
-  tags=$(echo "$tags" | grep "^${PREFIX}" || true)
+  tags=$(while IFS= read -r tag; do [[ "$tag" == "$PREFIX"* ]] && printf '%s\n' "$tag"; done <<< "$tags")
   if [[ -z "$tags" ]]; then
     echo "❌ No tags found for ${OWNER}/${REPO} with prefix '${PREFIX}'"
     exit 1
diff --git a/gitlab-check-image-publish-time.sh b/gitlab-check-image-publish-time.sh
index 32f25c9..e0e5e76 100755
--- a/gitlab-check-image-publish-time.sh
+++ b/gitlab-check-image-publish-time.sh
@@ -1,39 +1,30 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Example usage:
-# PROJECT_ID="1234"
-# TARGET_TAG="tag-name"
-# check-image-publish-time.sh "$PROJECT_ID" "$TARGET_TAG"
-
-# set -x
-
-PROJECT_ID="$1"
-TARGET_TAG="$2"
-TAG_FOUND="false"
-REGISTRY_ID=$(glab api "projects/$PROJECT_ID/registry/repositories" | jq '.[] | .id')
-TAG_JSON=$(glab api projects/$PROJECT_ID/registry/repositories/$REGISTRY_ID/tags/$TARGET_TAG)
-
-# Check if the tag exists and get its creation timestamp
-CREATED_AT=$(echo "$TAG_JSON" | jq -r ". | .created_at")
-
-if [ -n "$CREATED_AT" ]; then
-    TAG_FOUND="true"
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
+
+PROJECT_ID="${1:-}"
+TARGET_TAG="${2:-}"
+[[ "$PROJECT_ID" =~ ^[0-9]+$ && -n "$TARGET_TAG" && "$TARGET_TAG" != -* ]] || {
+  echo "Usage: $0 PROJECT_ID TAG" >&2
+  exit 2
+}
+
+mapfile -t REGISTRY_IDS < <(glab api "projects/$PROJECT_ID/registry/repositories" | jq -er '.[].id')
+if [[ ${#REGISTRY_IDS[@]} -ne 1 || ! "${REGISTRY_IDS[0]}" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+  echo "Expected exactly one container registry repository." >&2
+  exit 1
 fi
 
-# Display the result
-if [ "$TAG_FOUND" = "true" ]; then
-    # echo "Found tag '${TARGET_TAG}' in the container registry."
-
-    # Calculate the time difference between the current time and the image creation time
-    CURRENT_TIME=$(date -u +%s)
-    # CREATED_TIME=$(date -u -d "$CREATED_AT" +%s) # doesn't work on mac
-    CREATED_TIME=$(date -u -jf "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S" "${CREATED_AT%Z}" +%s 2> /dev/null)
-    TIME_DIFF=$((CURRENT_TIME - CREATED_TIME))
-
-    # Convert the time difference to a human-readable format
-    TIME_DIFF_HUMAN=$(printf '%dd %dh %dm %ds' $((TIME_DIFF/86400)) $((TIME_DIFF%86400/3600)) $((TIME_DIFF%3600/60)) $((TIME_DIFF%60)))
+ENCODED_TAG="$(jq -rn --arg value "$TARGET_TAG" '$value|@uri')"
+TAG_JSON="$(glab api "projects/$PROJECT_ID/registry/repositories/${REGISTRY_IDS[0]}/tags/$ENCODED_TAG")"
+CREATED_AT="$(jq -er '.created_at' <<< "$TAG_JSON")"
 
-    echo "Tag ${TARGET_TAG} published ${TIME_DIFF_HUMAN} ago."
+if date --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  CREATED_TIME="$(date -u -d "$CREATED_AT" +%s)"
 else
-    echo "Tag ${TARGET_TAG} not found in the container registry."
+  CREATED_TIME="$(date -u -jf "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S" "${CREATED_AT%Z}" +%s)"
 fi
+CURRENT_TIME="$(date -u +%s)"
+TIME_DIFF=$((CURRENT_TIME - CREATED_TIME))
+printf 'Tag %s published %dd %dh %dm %ds ago.\n' "$TARGET_TAG" \
+  $((TIME_DIFF / 86400)) $((TIME_DIFF % 86400 / 3600)) \
+  $((TIME_DIFF % 3600 / 60)) $((TIME_DIFF % 60))
diff --git a/gitlab-clone-group.sh b/gitlab-clone-group.sh
index 2a65974..01b5c12 100755
--- a/gitlab-clone-group.sh
+++ b/gitlab-clone-group.sh
@@ -1,60 +1,4 @@
-#! /bin/zsh
-
-#echo "TODO: this script is WIP"
-#exit 1
-
-usage() {
-  echo "Usage: $0 <GROUP_NAME>"
-}
-
-# set -x
-
-if [ -z "$1" ]; then # if $1 is empty
-  usage
-  exit 1
-fi
-
-# Remove if using group ID instead of path
-# if [ ! -d "$1" ]; then # if $1 directory does not exist
-  # echo "Creating directory: $1"
-  # mkdir -p "$1"
-# fi
-
-# glab api groups/$1/projects | jq -r '.[].web_url' | xargs -n1 -I {} echo "git clone {} $1"
-# glab api groups/$1/projects | jq -r '.[].web_url' | xargs -n1 -I {} git clone --recurse-submodules {} $1
-
-
-# jq explanation:
-#   -c # compact output
-#   .[] # for each item in array
-echo "Fetching projects for group: $1"
-PROJECTS=$(glab api groups/$1/projects | jq -c ".[]")
-echo "PROJECTS=$PROJECTS"
-
-# echo $PROJECTS | jq -r '.[].web_url' | xargs -n1 -I {} echo "git clone --recurse-submodules {} $1"
-
-echo $PROJECTS | while IFS= read -r PROJECT; do
-  # get the project.name from jq
-  PROJECT_NAME=$(echo $PROJECT | jq -r '.name')
-  echo "PROJECT_NAME: $PROJECT_NAME"
-  URL=$(echo $PROJECT | jq -r '.web_url')
-  DIRECTORY=$1/$PROJECT_NAME
-  echo "  git clone $URL $DIRECTORY"
-  git clone --recurse-submodules $URL $DIRECTORY
-done
-
-echo "Done cloning projects for group: $1"
-
-SUBGROUPS=$(glab api groups/$1/subgroups | jq -c ".[]")
-
-echo $SUBGROUPS | while IFS= read -r GROUP; do
-  echo "TODO looks like this loop breaks when newline are in the string"
-  echo "GROUP: $GROUP"
-  # GROUP_NAME=$(echo $GROUP | jq -r '.name')
-  # echo "GROUP_NAME: $GROUP_NAME"
-  echo "clone subgroups"
-  gitlab-clone-group.sh $GROUP
-done
-
-echo "Done cloning subgroups for group: $1
-exit 0
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+echo "gitlab-clone-group.sh has been retired because it was incomplete and unsafe." >&2
+echo "Use python/clone-gitlab-group.py instead." >&2
+exit 1
diff --git a/gitlab-clone-projects-recursive.sh b/gitlab-clone-projects-recursive.sh
index 304a095..2ef1d2b 100755
--- a/gitlab-clone-projects-recursive.sh
+++ b/gitlab-clone-projects-recursive.sh
@@ -1,143 +1,56 @@
-#! /bin/zsh
-#
-# Get the projects json:
-#   gitlab-clone-projects-recursive.sh . -d --get-projects-file
-#
-# List projects by path:
-#   cat GitLab-Projects-2024-05-29T0308.json | jq -sr ".[].path_with_namespace" | sort | moar
-#
-# Filter for paths that have "security" or "asve" in them. Outputs the paths:
-#   cat GitLab-Projects-2024-05-13T1454.json | jq -sc "map(select(.path_with_namespace | test(\"(security|asve)\"))) | sort_by(.path_with_namespace) | .[].path_with_namespace" | moar
-#   cat GitLab-Projects-2024-05-13T1454.json | jq -sc "map(select(.path_with_namespace | test(\"(security|asve)\"))) | sort_by(.path_with_namespace) | .[]" > filtered-projects.json
-#   gitlab-clone-projects-recursive.sh . -d -f filtered-projects.json
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
 
 usage() {
-  echo "Usage: ./gitlab-clone-projects-recursive.sh <BASE_DIR> [-d|--dry-run] [-f|--file GITLAB_PROJECTS_FILE] [--get-projects-file"]
+  echo "Usage: $0 BASE_DIR [--dry-run] [--file PROJECTS_FILE] [--get-projects-file]"
 }
 
-should_skip() {
-  local REPO=$1
-  local SKIP_STRINGS_VAR=$2
-
-  # The (@P) flag is used in zsh to indirectly reference an array variable. This should allow you to pass the name of the array variable as a string to the function and then reference the array indirectly inside the function.
-  for SKIP_STRING in "${(@P)SKIP_STRINGS_VAR}"; do
-    if [[ $REPO == *"$SKIP_STRING"* ]]; then
-      echo "Skipping $REPO because it contains: $SKIP_STRING"
-      return 0  # Skip
-    fi
-  done
-  return 1  # Do not skip
-}
-
-# should_skip() {
-#   local REPO=$1
-#   local -n SKIP_STRINGS=$2 # error in zsh: bad option: -n
-#
-#   for SKIP_STRING in "${SKIP_STRINGS[@]}"; do
-#     if [[ $REPO == *"$SKIP_STRING"* ]]; then
-#       echo "Skipping $REPO because it contains: $SKIP_STRING"
-#       return 0  # Skip
-#     fi
-#   done
-#   return 1  # Do not skip
-# }
-
-# set -x
-
-if [ -z "$1" ]; then # if $1 is empty
-  usage
-  exit 1
-fi
-
-if [ ! -d "$1" ]; then # if $1 directory does not exist
-  echo "Directory $1 does not exist."
-  exit 1
-fi
-
-# BASE_DIR="./tmp"
-BASE_DIR=$1
+[[ $# -gt 0 ]] || { usage >&2; exit 2; }
+BASE_DIR="$(realpath -e -- "$1")"
+shift
 DRY_RUN=false
+GET_PROJECTS_FILE=false
+GITLAB_PROJECTS_FILE=""
 
-POSITIONAL_ARGS=()
 while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
-  case $1 in
-    -d|--dry-run)
-      DRY_RUN=true
-      shift # past value
-      ;;
+  case "$1" in
+    -d|--dry-run) DRY_RUN=true; shift ;;
     -f|--file)
+      [[ $# -ge 2 ]] || { usage >&2; exit 2; }
       GITLAB_PROJECTS_FILE="$2"
-      shift # past argument
-      shift # past value
-      ;;
-    --get-projects-file)
-      GET_PROJECTS_FILE=true
-      shift # past argument
-      ;;
-    -*|--*)
-      usage
-      exit 1
-      ;;
-    *)
-      POSITIONAL_ARGS+=("$1") # save positional arg
-      shift # past argument
+      shift 2
       ;;
+    --get-projects-file) GET_PROJECTS_FILE=true; shift ;;
+    -h|--help) usage; exit 0 ;;
+    *) usage >&2; exit 2 ;;
   esac
 done
-set -- "${POSITIONAL_ARGS[@]}" # restore positional parameters
 
-if [ "$DRY_RUN" = true ]; then
-  echo "Dry run enabled"
-fi
-
-echo "BASE_DIR: $BASE_DIR"
-echo "GITLAB_HOST: $GITLAB_HOST"
-
-SKIP_STRINGS=("substring1"
-              "substring2")
-
-if [ -z "$GITLAB_PROJECTS_FILE" ]; then
-  GITLAB_PROJECTS_FILE="GitLab-Projects-$GITLAB_HOST_$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H%M).json"
-  echo "Getting projects from GitLab API..."
-  glab api projects --paginate | jq -s "add" | jq -c "sort_by(.path_with_namespace) | .[]" > $GITLAB_PROJECTS_FILE
+GITLAB_HOST="${GITLAB_HOST:-gitlab.com}"
+if [[ -z "$GITLAB_PROJECTS_FILE" ]]; then
+  safe_host="${GITLAB_HOST//[^A-Za-z0-9_.-]/_}"
+  GITLAB_PROJECTS_FILE="GitLab-Projects-${safe_host}_$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H%M).json"
+  glab api projects --paginate |
+    jq -s 'add | sort_by(.path_with_namespace) | .[]' -c > "$GITLAB_PROJECTS_FILE"
 else
-  echo "GITLAB_PROJECTS_FILE set to $GITLAB_PROJECTS_FILE"
-fi
-
-if [ "$GET_PROJECTS_FILE" = true ]; then
-  echo "Exiting after getting projects file."
-  exit 0
+  GITLAB_PROJECTS_FILE="$(realpath -e -- "$GITLAB_PROJECTS_FILE")"
 fi
 
-echo "Found $(cat $GITLAB_PROJECTS_FILE| wc -l | awk '{print $1}') projects from GitLab."
+$GET_PROJECTS_FILE && exit 0
 
-cat $GITLAB_PROJECTS_FILE | while IFS= read -r LINE; do
-  CLEAN_LINE=$(echo $LINE | tr -d '\r\n')
-  # CLEAN_LINE=$(echo $LINE | sed 's/\n//g' | sed 's/\r//g')
-
-  REPO_PATH=$BASE_DIR/$(echo $CLEAN_LINE | jq -r .path_with_namespace)
-  REPO_URL=$(echo $CLEAN_LINE | jq -r .web_url)
-
-  if [ -z "$REPO_PATH" ] || [ -z "$REPO_URL" ]; then
-    echo "ERROR: jq couldn't parse:"
-    echo "ERROR:   LINE=$LINE"
-    echo "ERROR:   REPO_PATH=$REPO_PATH"
-    echo "ERROR:   REPO_URL=$REPO_URL"
-    echo "ERROR:   Skipping"
-    continue
-  fi
-
-  if [ "$DRY_RUN" = true ]; then
-    echo "Would have cloned: $REPO_URL to: $REPO_PATH"
-    continue
+while IFS= read -r project; do
+  namespace="$(jq -er '.path_with_namespace | select(type == "string" and length > 0)' <<< "$project")"
+  repo_url="$(jq -er '.web_url | select(type == "string" and startswith("https://"))' <<< "$project")"
+  repo_path="$(realpath -m -- "$BASE_DIR/$namespace")"
+  if [[ "$repo_path" != "$BASE_DIR/"* ]]; then
+    echo "Refusing project path outside base directory: $namespace" >&2
+    exit 1
   fi
 
-  # Check if REPO_PATH includes any of the skip strings and skip it if so
-  if should_skip "$REPO_PATH" SKIP_STRINGS; then
-    continue
+  if $DRY_RUN; then
+    printf 'Would clone %s to %s\n' "$repo_url" "$repo_path"
+  else
+    mkdir -p -- "$(dirname -- "$repo_path")"
+    git clone --recurse-submodules -- "$repo_url" "$repo_path"
   fi
-
-  echo $REPO_PATH $REPO_URL
-  git clone --recurse-submodules $REPO_URL $REPO_PATH
-  echo
-done
+done < "$GITLAB_PROJECTS_FILE"
diff --git a/gitlab-get-project-id-from-current-repo.sh b/gitlab-get-project-id-from-current-repo.sh
index 13ce95e..7e8148c 100755
--- a/gitlab-get-project-id-from-current-repo.sh
+++ b/gitlab-get-project-id-from-current-repo.sh
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ PROJECT_ID=$(echo "$PROJECTS_JSON" | jq --arg REPO_REMOTE_URL "$REPO_REMOTE_URL"
 # PROJECT_ID=$(echo "$PROJECTS_JSON" | jq '.[] | .id')
 
 # Check if a matching project was found
-if [ -n "$PROJECT_ID" ]; then
-    echo $PROJECT_ID
+if [[ "$PROJECT_ID" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+    echo "$PROJECT_ID"
 else
     # echo "No matching project found."
     exit 1
diff --git a/gitlab-list-registry-images.sh b/gitlab-list-registry-images.sh
index 5970281..2fe12e1 100755
--- a/gitlab-list-registry-images.sh
+++ b/gitlab-list-registry-images.sh
@@ -1,16 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
 
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+PROJECT_ID="$("$SCRIPT_DIR/gitlab-get-project-id-from-current-repo.sh")"
+[[ "$PROJECT_ID" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || { echo "Invalid project ID." >&2; exit 1; }
 
-PROJECT_ID=$(gitlab-get-project-id-from-current-repo.sh)
-REGISTRY_ID=$(glab api "projects/$PROJECT_ID/registry/repositories" | jq '.[] | .id')
-TAGS=$(glab api "projects/$PROJECT_ID/registry/repositories/$REGISTRY_ID/tags" | jq -r '.[] | .name')
+mapfile -t REGISTRY_IDS < <(glab api "projects/$PROJECT_ID/registry/repositories" | jq -er '.[].id')
+if [[ ${#REGISTRY_IDS[@]} -ne 1 || ! "${REGISTRY_IDS[0]}" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+  echo "Expected exactly one container registry repository." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
 
-echo "Found tags:"
-echo $TAGS
-
-for tag in $TAGS; do
-  # Remove quotes using parameter expansion
-  tag="${tag%\"}"
-  tag="${tag#\"}"
-
-  gitlab-check-image-publish-time.sh $PROJECT_ID $tag
+mapfile -t TAGS < <(
+  glab api "projects/$PROJECT_ID/registry/repositories/${REGISTRY_IDS[0]}/tags" |
+    jq -er '.[].name'
+)
+printf 'Found tags:\n'
+printf '  %s\n' "${TAGS[@]}"
+for tag in "${TAGS[@]}"; do
+  "$SCRIPT_DIR/gitlab-check-image-publish-time.sh" "$PROJECT_ID" "$tag"
 done
diff --git a/http-wait.sh b/http-wait.sh
index befc4e1..59ce33b 100755
--- a/http-wait.sh
+++ b/http-wait.sh
@@ -1,23 +1,34 @@
 #!/bin/zsh
 
-# Script to wait until an HTTP server is reachable on port 80
-# Usage: http-wait.sh hostname [timeout_seconds]
+# Wait until an HTTP or HTTPS URL is reachable.
+# Usage: http-wait.sh URL [timeout_seconds]
 
 if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
-    echo "Usage: $0 hostname [timeout_seconds]"
-    echo "Example: $0 example.com 5"
+    echo "Usage: $0 URL [timeout_seconds]"
+    echo "Example: $0 https://example.com/health 5"
     exit 1
 fi
 
-TARGET=$1
+URL=$1
 TIMEOUT=${2:-5}
-URL="http://$TARGET"
+
+if [[ "$URL" != http://* && "$URL" != https://* ]]; then
+    print -u2 "URL must start with http:// or https://"
+    exit 1
+fi
+if [[ "$TIMEOUT" != <-> || "$TIMEOUT" -lt 1 ]]; then
+    print -u2 "Timeout must be a positive integer"
+    exit 1
+fi
+if [[ "$URL" == http://* ]]; then
+    print -u2 "Warning: plain HTTP does not authenticate or encrypt the endpoint."
+fi
 
 echo "Waiting for HTTP connection to $URL..."
 
-until curl -s --connect-timeout $TIMEOUT --max-time $TIMEOUT "$URL" >/dev/null 2>&1; do
+until curl --fail --silent --show-error --connect-timeout "$TIMEOUT" --max-time "$TIMEOUT" "$URL" >/dev/null 2>&1; do
     print "$(date): Not reachable, retrying in $TIMEOUT seconds..."
-    sleep $TIMEOUT
+    sleep "$TIMEOUT"
 done
 
 print "$(date): HTTP server is up! Connection to $URL successful."
diff --git a/java_home.sh b/java_home.sh
index 3de4e6c..ecde82e 100755
--- a/java_home.sh
+++ b/java_home.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 # Set java_home to the provided version.
 # Args: $1 = version number (21, 17, etc)
 set_java_home() {
-  export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v $1)
+  [[ "$1" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || { echo "Java version must be numeric." >&2; return 2; }
+  export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v "$1")
   echo "JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_HOME"
 }
 
diff --git a/macos/ruby/chruby_local.sh b/macos/ruby/chruby_local.sh
index bc9dcb7..c554dde 100755
--- a/macos/ruby/chruby_local.sh
+++ b/macos/ruby/chruby_local.sh
@@ -1,19 +1,4 @@
-##
-# A non-root installation of the latest Ruby with chruby
-
-VERSION="0.3.9"
-
-# Install chruby (https://github.com/postmodern/chruby#readme)
-mkdir -p $HOME/src
-cd $HOME/src
-wget -O chruby-$VERSION.tar.gz https://github.com/postmodern/chruby/archive/v$VERSION.tar.gz
-tar -xzvf chruby-$VERSION.tar.gz
-cd chruby-$VERSION/
-PREFIX=$HOME/.chruby make install
-
-# Add the source lines to your ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc
-echo "source ~/.chruby/share/chruby/chruby.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
-echo "source ~/.chruby/share/chruby/auto.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
-
-# Then set whatever Ruby version you want as default
-echo "ruby-2.3" > ~/.ruby-version
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+echo "chruby_local.sh has been retired." >&2
+echo "Use a currently supported Ruby version manager and verify its signed release." >&2
+exit 1
diff --git a/macos/ruby/ruby-install_local.sh b/macos/ruby/ruby-install_local.sh
index 68be32c..fe1d4c5 100755
--- a/macos/ruby/ruby-install_local.sh
+++ b/macos/ruby/ruby-install_local.sh
@@ -1,12 +1,4 @@
-# Install ruby-install (https://github.com/postmodern/ruby-install#readme)
-mkdir -p $HOME/src
-cd $HOME/src
-wget -O ruby-install-0.6.0.tar.gz https://github.com/postmodern/ruby-install/archive/v0.6.0.tar.gz
-tar -xzvf ruby-install-0.6.0.tar.gz
-cd ruby-install-0.6.0/
-PREFIX=$HOME/.ruby-install make install
-
-# Install latest stable Ruby
-$HOME/.ruby-install/bin/ruby-install --latest --no-install-deps ruby
-
-# Now restart your terminal so chruby can detect your shiny new Ruby
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+echo "ruby-install_local.sh has been retired." >&2
+echo "Use a currently supported Ruby version manager and verify its signed release." >&2
+exit 1
diff --git a/python/clone-gitlab-group.py b/python/clone-gitlab-group.py
index 87cfcb3..3e5d398 100644
--- a/python/clone-gitlab-group.py
+++ b/python/clone-gitlab-group.py
@@ -3,6 +3,15 @@
 import gitlab
 import os
 import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def contained_path(parent_dir, child_name):
+    parent = Path(parent_dir).resolve()
+    destination = (parent / child_name).resolve()
+    if destination == parent or parent not in destination.parents:
+        raise ValueError(f'Unsafe destination path: {child_name}')
+    return str(destination)
 
 
 def clone_repo(repo_url, destination_path):
@@ -10,7 +19,10 @@ def clone_repo(repo_url, destination_path):
     if not os.path.exists(destination_path):
         try:
             print(f'Cloning {repo_url} into {destination_path}')
-            subprocess.run(['git', 'clone', repo_url, destination_path])
+            subprocess.run(
+                ['git', 'clone', '--', repo_url, destination_path],
+                check=True,
+            )
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
             print(f'An error occurred: {e}')
     else:
@@ -20,13 +32,13 @@ def clone_repo(repo_url, destination_path):
 def clone_project(project, parent_dir):
     print(f'Cloning project {project.path} in {parent_dir}')
     project_web_url = project.web_url
-    project_path = os.path.join(parent_dir, project.path)
+    project_path = contained_path(parent_dir, project.path)
     clone_repo(project_web_url, project_path)
 
 
 def clone_wiki(project, parent_dir):
     print(f'Cloning wiki for project {project.path} in {parent_dir}')
-    wiki_path = os.path.join(parent_dir, f"{project.path}.wiki")
+    wiki_path = contained_path(parent_dir, f"{project.path}.wiki")
     wiki_web_git_url = project.web_url + '.wiki.git'
 
     # if project.wikis.list() is empty, the wiki does not exist
@@ -46,7 +58,7 @@ def process_group(group_id, parent_dir, gitlab_client):
     group = gitlab_client.groups.get(group_id)
 
     # Make sure the directory structure matches the group structure
-    group_dir = os.path.join(parent_dir, group.path)
+    group_dir = contained_path(parent_dir, group.path)
     if not os.path.exists(group_dir):
         print(f'Creating directory {group_dir}')
         os.makedirs(group_dir)
@@ -80,8 +92,14 @@ def main():
     gitlab_token = os.environ.get('GITLAB_TOKEN')
     gitlab_host = os.environ.get('GITLAB_HOST', 'https://gitlab.com')
 
+    if not gitlab_token:
+        print('GITLAB_TOKEN is required', file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
     if not gitlab_host.startswith('http'):
         gitlab_host = f'https://{gitlab_host}'
+    if not gitlab_host.startswith('https://'):
+        print('GITLAB_HOST must use HTTPS', file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
 
     gitlab_client = gitlab.Gitlab(gitlab_host, private_token=gitlab_token)
 
@@ -89,6 +107,7 @@ def main():
         process_group(gitlab_group_id, os.getcwd(), gitlab_client)
     except Exception as e:
         print(f'An error occurred: {e}')
+        sys.exit(1)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/rm-recursive-.gradle.sh b/rm-recursive-.gradle.sh
index f02a928..6b5f87b 100755
--- a/rm-recursive-.gradle.sh
+++ b/rm-recursive-.gradle.sh
@@ -1,22 +1,47 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
 
-# Define a function to delete node_modules directories
-function delete_node_modules {
-    shopt -s dotglob
-    for file in "$1"/*; do
-        if [ -d "$file" ]; then
-            if [ "$(basename "$file")" = ".gradle" ]; then
-                echo "Deleting $file"
-                rm -rf "$file"
-            else
-                delete_node_modules "$file"
-            fi
-        fi
-    done
-    shopt -u dotglob
+TARGET_NAME=".gradle"
+ASSUME_YES=false
+ROOT="."
+
+usage() {
+  echo "Usage: $0 [--yes] [root]"
 }
 
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --yes) ASSUME_YES=true ;;
+    -h|--help) usage; exit 0 ;;
+    -*) usage >&2; exit 2 ;;
+    *) ROOT="$1" ;;
+  esac
+  shift
+done
+
+ROOT="$(realpath -e -- "$ROOT")"
+if [[ "$ROOT" == "/" ]]; then
+  echo "Refusing to search from the filesystem root." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+mapfile -d '' MATCHES < <(find -P "$ROOT" -type d -name "$TARGET_NAME" -prune -print0)
+if [[ ${#MATCHES[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
+  echo "No $TARGET_NAME directories found under $ROOT."
+  exit 0
+fi
 
-# Call the delete_node_modules function with the current directory as the argument
-delete_node_modules "."
+printf 'Directories to delete:\n'
+printf '  %s\n' "${MATCHES[@]}"
+if ! $ASSUME_YES; then
+  read -r -p "Delete these directories? [y/N]: " reply
+  [[ "$reply" =~ ^[Yy]([Ee][Ss])?$ ]] || exit 0
+fi
 
+for path in "${MATCHES[@]}"; do
+  [[ "$path" == "$ROOT/"* && ! -L "$path" ]] || {
+    echo "Refusing unsafe path: $path" >&2
+    exit 1
+  }
+  rm -rf -- "$path"
+done
diff --git a/rm-recursive-build.sh b/rm-recursive-build.sh
index 5b16dfb..2e1d259 100755
--- a/rm-recursive-build.sh
+++ b/rm-recursive-build.sh
@@ -1,20 +1,47 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
 
-# Define a function to delete node_modules directories
-function delete_node_modules {
-    for file in "$1"/*; do
-        if [ -d "$file" ]; then
-            if [ "$(basename "$file")" = "build" ]; then
-                echo "Deleting $file"
-                rm -rf "$file"
-            else
-                delete_node_modules "$file"
-            fi
-        fi
-    done
+TARGET_NAME="build"
+ASSUME_YES=false
+ROOT="."
+
+usage() {
+  echo "Usage: $0 [--yes] [root]"
 }
 
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --yes) ASSUME_YES=true ;;
+    -h|--help) usage; exit 0 ;;
+    -*) usage >&2; exit 2 ;;
+    *) ROOT="$1" ;;
+  esac
+  shift
+done
+
+ROOT="$(realpath -e -- "$ROOT")"
+if [[ "$ROOT" == "/" ]]; then
+  echo "Refusing to search from the filesystem root." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+mapfile -d '' MATCHES < <(find -P "$ROOT" -type d -name "$TARGET_NAME" -prune -print0)
+if [[ ${#MATCHES[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
+  echo "No $TARGET_NAME directories found under $ROOT."
+  exit 0
+fi
 
-# Call the delete_node_modules function with the current directory as the argument
-delete_node_modules "."
+printf 'Directories to delete:\n'
+printf '  %s\n' "${MATCHES[@]}"
+if ! $ASSUME_YES; then
+  read -r -p "Delete these directories? [y/N]: " reply
+  [[ "$reply" =~ ^[Yy]([Ee][Ss])?$ ]] || exit 0
+fi
 
+for path in "${MATCHES[@]}"; do
+  [[ "$path" == "$ROOT/"* && ! -L "$path" ]] || {
+    echo "Refusing unsafe path: $path" >&2
+    exit 1
+  }
+  rm -rf -- "$path"
+done
diff --git a/rm-recursive-node_modules.sh b/rm-recursive-node_modules.sh
index 06f19c5..1e80c6f 100755
--- a/rm-recursive-node_modules.sh
+++ b/rm-recursive-node_modules.sh
@@ -1,20 +1,47 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
 
-# Define a function to delete node_modules directories
-function delete_node_modules {
-    for file in "$1"/*; do
-        if [ -d "$file" ]; then
-            if [ "$(basename "$file")" = "node_modules" ]; then
-                echo "Deleting $file"
-                rm -rf "$file"
-            else
-                delete_node_modules "$file"
-            fi
-        fi
-    done
+TARGET_NAME="node_modules"
+ASSUME_YES=false
+ROOT="."
+
+usage() {
+  echo "Usage: $0 [--yes] [root]"
 }
 
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --yes) ASSUME_YES=true ;;
+    -h|--help) usage; exit 0 ;;
+    -*) usage >&2; exit 2 ;;
+    *) ROOT="$1" ;;
+  esac
+  shift
+done
+
+ROOT="$(realpath -e -- "$ROOT")"
+if [[ "$ROOT" == "/" ]]; then
+  echo "Refusing to search from the filesystem root." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+mapfile -d '' MATCHES < <(find -P "$ROOT" -type d -name "$TARGET_NAME" -prune -print0)
+if [[ ${#MATCHES[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
+  echo "No $TARGET_NAME directories found under $ROOT."
+  exit 0
+fi
 
-# Call the delete_node_modules function with the current directory as the argument
-delete_node_modules "."
+printf 'Directories to delete:\n'
+printf '  %s\n' "${MATCHES[@]}"
+if ! $ASSUME_YES; then
+  read -r -p "Delete these directories? [y/N]: " reply
+  [[ "$reply" =~ ^[Yy]([Ee][Ss])?$ ]] || exit 0
+fi
 
+for path in "${MATCHES[@]}"; do
+  [[ "$path" == "$ROOT/"* && ! -L "$path" ]] || {
+    echo "Refusing unsafe path: $path" >&2
+    exit 1
+  }
+  rm -rf -- "$path"
+done
diff --git a/rm-recursive-postgres-data.sh b/rm-recursive-postgres-data.sh
index 11d2979..99ac5ff 100755
--- a/rm-recursive-postgres-data.sh
+++ b/rm-recursive-postgres-data.sh
@@ -1,20 +1,47 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
 
-# Define a function to delete node_modules directories
-function delete_node_modules {
-    for file in "$1"/*; do
-        if [ -d "$file" ]; then
-            if [ "$(basename "$file")" = "postgres-data" ]; then
-                echo "Deleting $file"
-                rm -rf "$file"
-            else
-                delete_node_modules "$file"
-            fi
-        fi
-    done
+TARGET_NAME="postgres-data"
+ASSUME_YES=false
+ROOT="."
+
+usage() {
+  echo "Usage: $0 [--yes] [root]"
 }
 
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --yes) ASSUME_YES=true ;;
+    -h|--help) usage; exit 0 ;;
+    -*) usage >&2; exit 2 ;;
+    *) ROOT="$1" ;;
+  esac
+  shift
+done
+
+ROOT="$(realpath -e -- "$ROOT")"
+if [[ "$ROOT" == "/" ]]; then
+  echo "Refusing to search from the filesystem root." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+mapfile -d '' MATCHES < <(find -P "$ROOT" -type d -name "$TARGET_NAME" -prune -print0)
+if [[ ${#MATCHES[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
+  echo "No $TARGET_NAME directories found under $ROOT."
+  exit 0
+fi
 
-# Call the delete_node_modules function with the current directory as the argument
-delete_node_modules "."
+printf 'Directories to delete:\n'
+printf '  %s\n' "${MATCHES[@]}"
+if ! $ASSUME_YES; then
+  read -r -p "Delete these directories? [y/N]: " reply
+  [[ "$reply" =~ ^[Yy]([Ee][Ss])?$ ]] || exit 0
+fi
 
+for path in "${MATCHES[@]}"; do
+  [[ "$path" == "$ROOT/"* && ! -L "$path" ]] || {
+    echo "Refusing unsafe path: $path" >&2
+    exit 1
+  }
+  rm -rf -- "$path"
+done
diff --git a/setup-kali.sh b/setup-kali.sh
index 3348a58..a12dca4 100644
--- a/setup-kali.sh
+++ b/setup-kali.sh
@@ -1,182 +1,5 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# Setup Kali from installation
-# Tested 2020-05-25 with Kali 2020.2 installer, x64, in VirtualBox.
-
-# $ git clone https://github.com/benhunter/scripts; chmod +x ./scripts/setup-kali.sh; ./scripts/setup-kali.sh
-
-# Update repo in place
-# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1125968/how-do-i-force-git-pull-to-overwrite-local-files
-# git reset --hard HEAD; git pull
-
-# Pause for debugging if needed:
-# read -p "Press Enter key to continue."  # TODO remove
-
-
-# Prompt for sudo if not root.
-if [[ $EUID != 0 ]]; then
-	echo $?
-	sudo "$0" "$@"
-	exit $?
-fi
-
-echo "Running as root."
-
-CWD=$(pwd)  # store working directory to cleanly return to it later
-echo '$SUDO_USER' $SUDO_USER
-HOME_DIR=$(eval echo ~`logname`)  # Home directory of the user running the script.
-echo '$HOME_DIR' $HOME_DIR
-
-# Get path to script that is running.
-# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/59895/how-to-get-the-source-directory-of-a-bash-script-from-within-the-script-itself
-SCRIPT_DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pwd )"
-echo '$SCRIPT_DIR' $SCRIPT_DIR
-# echo '~' ~
-
-# update-apt.sh must be in the same directory
-if [[ -e $SCRIPT_DIR/update-apt.sh ]]; then
-    echo "Running update-apt.sh"
-    chmod +x $SCRIPT_DIR/update-apt.sh
-    $SCRIPT_DIR/update-apt.sh
-else
-    echo "Could not find update-apt.sh. Exiting."
-    exit 
-fi
-
-# Install more apt packages
-echo "Installing apt packages..."
-# VirtualBox guest additions are auto-installed?
-apt -y install kali-linux-everything  # https://tools.kali.org/kali-metapackages
-
-# More packages.
-# Htop, tree, gobuster
-# Python pip3, pip for virtual environments
-# ssss - Shamir's secret sharing scheme
-# ExifTool https://github.com/exiftool/exiftool
-# Hex editor for GNOME https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Ghex
-apt -y install htop tree gobuster python3-venv python-pip ssss libimage-exiftool-perl ghex jq powerline fonts-powerline joplin
-
-# Install special software
-
-# Snap (for VSCode)
-echo "Installing and enabling snap..."
-apt -y install snapd  # Install snapcraft.io store
-# Additionally, enable and start both the snapd and the snapd.apparmor services with the following command:
-systemctl enable --now snapd apparmor
-# To test your system, install the hello-world snap and make sure it runs correctly:
-# $ snap install hello-world
-# $ hello-world 6.3 from Canonical✓ installed
-# $ hello-world
-# Hello World!
-# Install Snap Store App
-# $ sudo snap install snap-store
-
-# Add snap to path and update .bash_profile
-# https://github.com/thoughtbot/til/blob/master/bash/bash_profile_vs_bashrc.md
-# if [[ -e ~/.bash_profile ]]; then
-echo "Updating ~/.bash_profile..."
-echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/snap/bin' >> $HOME_DIR/.bash_profile
-chown $SUDO_USER:$SUDO_USER $HOME_DIR/.bash_profile
-# fi
-
-# Visual Studio Code / VSCode
-# TODO check out VSCodium https://vscodium.com/
-# https://snapcraft.io/docs/installing-snap-on-kali
-echo "Installing VSCode..."
-snap install --classic code
-# To execute:
-#   snap run code
-#   code  # if '/snap/bin' is in $PATH
-
-# TODO How to add a shortcut to the start menu?
-
-# Install Zsteg
-# https://0xrick.github.io/lists/stego/
-# sudo gem install zsteg
-
-# Ghidra
-cd $HOME_DIR/Downloads
-# curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra/tags | grep -m1 zip | cut -d '"' -f 4 | wget -qi -
-# GHIDRA_GITHUB=`curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra/tags`
-# GHIDRA_ZIP=`echo $GHIDRA_GITHUB | jq '.[0].name'`
-# GHIDRA_ZIP_URL=`echo $GHIDRA_GITHUB | jq '.[0].zipball_url'`
-# wget $GHIDRA_ZIP_URL
-
-GHIDRA_VERSION=9.1.2
-GHIDRA_ZIP=ghidra_9.1.2_PUBLIC_20200212.zip
-wget "https://ghidra-sre.org/$GHIDRA_ZIP"
-chown $SUDO_USER:$SUDO_USER $GHIDRA_ZIP
-unzip $GHIDRA_ZIP
-chown -R $SUDO_USER:$SUDO_USER ghidra_"$GHIDRA_VERSION"_PUBLIC
-mv ghidra_"$GHIDRA_VERSION"_PUBLIC /opt/
-cd $HOME_DIR
-
-# Download git repos
-
-# RSA CTF Tool
-mkdir $HOME_DIR/GitHub
-cd $HOME_DIR/GitHub
-git clone https://github.com/Ganapati/RsaCtfTool
-if [[ -d ./RsaCtfTool ]]; then
-    cd ./RsaCtfTool
-    python3 -m venv --system-site-packages venv
-    source ./venv/bin/activate
-    sudo apt -y install libmpc-dev  # and libmpfr-dev ?
-    pip install -r requirements.txt 
-    # SageMath package was removed from kali apt...
-    deactivate  # exit virtual environment
-
-    chown -R $SUDO_USER:$SUDO_USER $HOME_DIR/GitHub
-
-    cd $HOME_DIR
-else
-    echo "FAILED: git clone https://github.com/Ganapati/RsaCtfTool"
-    exit
-fi
-
-# Install Python Packages
-pip3 install pwntools
-# Output:
-#   WARNING: The scripts asm, checksec, common, constgrep, cyclic, debug, disablenx, disasm, elfdiff, elfpa
-# tch, errno, hex, main, phd, pwn, pwnstrip, scramble, shellcraft, template, unhex and update are installed
-#  in '/home/kali/.local/bin' which is not on PATH.                                                        
-#   Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script
-# -location.
-
-# config anything else
-echo 'alias ll="ls -lahF"' >> $HOME_DIR/.bash_aliases
-echo 'alias tt="tree -lahfs"' >> $HOME_DIR/.bash_aliases
-chown $SUDO_USER:$SUDO_USER $HOME_DIR/.bash_aliases
-
-# Unpack RockYou.txt wordlist
-gunzip /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt.gz
-# TODO check owner of rockyou
-
-# Firefox Addons
-
-# sshd
-
-# Powerline for Bash
-# apt -y install powerline fonts-powerline  # already executed
-echo >> $HOME_DIR/.bashrc
-echo '# Powerline' >> $HOME_DIR/.bashrc
-echo '# config goes in ~/.confg/powerline/config.json' >> $HOME_DIR/.bashrc
-echo 'if [ -f `which powerline-daemon` ]; then' >> $HOME_DIR/.bashrc
-echo '  powerline-daemon -q' >> $HOME_DIR/.bashrc
-echo '  POWERLINE_BASH_CONTINUATION=1' >> $HOME_DIR/.bashrc
-echo '  POWERLINE_BASH_SELECT=1' >> $HOME_DIR/.bashrc
-echo '  . /usr/share/powerline/bindings/bash/powerline.sh' >> $HOME_DIR/.bashrc
-echo 'fi' >> $HOME_DIR/.bashrc
-echo >> $HOME_DIR/.bashrc
-
-# Powerline for tmux
-echo 'source "/usr/share/powerline/bindings/tmux/powerline.conf"' >> $HOME_DIR/.tmux.conf
-echo >> $HOME_DIR/.tmux.conf
-chown $SUDO_USER:$SUDO_USER $HOME_DIR/.tmux.conf
-echo >> $HOME_DIR/.bash_profile
-echo '. ~/.bashrc' >> $HOME_DIR/.bash_profile
-echo >> $HOME_DIR/.bash_profile
-
-# Cleanup
-cd $CWD  # Go back to the directory where the script started.
-echo "Please reboot (snapshot if needed)..."
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+echo "setup-kali.sh has been retired." >&2
+echo "It installed obsolete, unverified third-party software as root." >&2
+echo "Use Kali's supported package repositories and verify each external tool independently." >&2
+exit 1
diff --git a/ssh-wait.sh b/ssh-wait.sh
index 7a8a870..4200d7d 100755
--- a/ssh-wait.sh
+++ b/ssh-wait.sh
@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
-#!/bin/zsh
+#!/usr/bin/env zsh
+set -eu
 
-# Script to wait until an SSH server is reachable
-# Usage: ssh-wait.sh user@hostname [timeout_seconds]
-
-if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
-    echo "Usage: $0 user@hostname [timeout_seconds]"
-    echo "Example: $0 user@example.com 5"
-    exit 1
+if (( $# == 0 )); then
+  print -u2 "Usage: $0 user@hostname [timeout_seconds]"
+  exit 1
 fi
 
 TARGET=$1
 TIMEOUT=${2:-5}
+if [[ "$TARGET" == -* || "$TARGET" == *[[:space:]]* ]]; then
+  print -u2 "Invalid SSH target."
+  exit 1
+fi
+if [[ "$TIMEOUT" != <-> || "$TIMEOUT" -lt 1 ]]; then
+  print -u2 "Timeout must be a positive integer."
+  exit 1
+fi
 
-echo "Waiting for SSH connection to $TARGET..."
-
-until ssh -o ConnectTimeout=$TIMEOUT "$TARGET" true 2>/dev/null; do
-    print "$(date): Not reachable, retrying in $TIMEOUT seconds..."
-    sleep $TIMEOUT
+print "Waiting for SSH connection to $TARGET..."
+until ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o NumberOfPasswordPrompts=0 -o ConnectTimeout="$TIMEOUT" -- "$TARGET" true 2>/dev/null; do
+  print "$(date): Not reachable, retrying in $TIMEOUT seconds..."
+  sleep "$TIMEOUT"
 done
-
 print "$(date): SSH is up! Connection to $TARGET successful."
diff --git a/storage_diagnose.sh b/storage_diagnose.sh
index e1e5efc..81eda6d 100755
--- a/storage_diagnose.sh
+++ b/storage_diagnose.sh
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # storage_diagnose.sh - Collects comprehensive storage diagnostics on Ubuntu
 
-OUTPUT="/tmp/storage_report_$(hostname)_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).log"
+umask 077
+OUTPUT="$(mktemp "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/storage_report_$(hostname).XXXXXX.log")"
 
 echo "Saving storage diagnostics to: $OUTPUT"
 exec > >(tee -a "$OUTPUT") 2>&1
diff --git a/tag.sh b/tag.sh
index 1dd8885..712be4a 100644
--- a/tag.sh
+++ b/tag.sh
@@ -45,8 +45,7 @@ echo "Bumping $VERSION_BUMP version to $NEW_TAG"
 
 # Create a new tag and push it to the remote repository
 git tag "$NEW_TAG"
-git push --tags
-git push
+git push origin "$NEW_TAG"
 
 exit 0
 
diff --git a/tampermonkey/edx-download-transcripts.js b/tampermonkey/edx-download-transcripts.js
index 467c000..5272139 100644
--- a/tampermonkey/edx-download-transcripts.js
+++ b/tampermonkey/edx-download-transcripts.js
@@ -1,88 +1,67 @@
 // ==UserScript==
 // @name         Download Transcripts
 // @namespace    https://www.github.com/benhunter/scripts/tampermonkey
-// @version      2024-05-03
+// @version      2026-06-08
 // @description  Download video transcripts from edX.
 // @author       Ben
 // @match        https://courses.edx.org/*
 // @icon         data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==
 // @grant        none
-// @require http://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js
-// @require https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/CoeJoder/waitForKeyElements.js@v1.2/waitForKeyElements.js
-
 // ==/UserScript==
 
-function handleClick() {
-    var sm = $('.subtitles-menu');
-    const title = $("h3.hd").text();
-    const filename = `${title}.txt`;
-    download(filename, sm.text());
-}
-
-function addFeatures() {
-  $('body').append('<input type="button" value="Download Transcript" id="dltranscript">');
-  $("#dltranscript").css("position", "fixed").css("top", 0).css("left", 0);
-  $('#dltranscript').click(handleClick);
-}
-
-function download(filename, text) {
-  var element = document.createElement('a');
-  element.setAttribute('href', 'data:text/plain;charset=utf-8,' + encodeURIComponent(text));
-  element.setAttribute('download', filename);
-
-  element.style.display = 'none';
-  document.body.appendChild(element);
+(() => {
+  'use strict';
 
-  element.click();
+  const BUTTON_ID = 'dltranscript';
 
-  document.body.removeChild(element);
-}
+  function safeFilename(value) {
+    const cleaned = value.replace(/[<>:"/\\|?*\u0000-\u001f]/g, '_').trim();
+    return `${cleaned || 'transcript'}.txt`;
+  }
 
-// Just a backup in case the reference repo goes down.
-function waitForKeyElements_(selectorOrFunction, callback, waitOnce, interval, maxIntervals) {
-    console.log("debug looking for "); // + selectorOrFunction);
-    if (typeof waitOnce === "undefined") {
-        waitOnce = true;
-    }
-    if (typeof interval === "undefined") {
-        interval = 300;
-    }
-    if (typeof maxIntervals === "undefined") {
-        maxIntervals = -1;
-    }
-    if (typeof waitForKeyElements.namespace === "undefined") {
-        waitForKeyElements.namespace = Date.now().toString();
-    }
-    var targetNodes = (typeof selectorOrFunction === "function")
-            ? selectorOrFunction()
-            : document.querySelectorAll(selectorOrFunction);
+  function download(filename, text) {
+    const blob = new Blob([text], { type: 'text/plain;charset=utf-8' });
+    const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
+    const element = document.createElement('a');
+    element.href = url;
+    element.download = filename;
+    element.hidden = true;
+    document.body.appendChild(element);
+    element.click();
+    element.remove();
+    URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
+  }
 
-    var targetsFound = targetNodes && targetNodes.length > 0;
-    if (targetsFound) {
-        console.log("found something");
-        targetNodes.forEach(function(targetNode) {
-            var attrAlreadyFound = `data-userscript-${waitForKeyElements.namespace}-alreadyFound`;
-            var alreadyFound = targetNode.getAttribute(attrAlreadyFound) || false;
-            if (!alreadyFound) {
-                console.log("callback");
-                var cancelFound = callback(targetNode);
-                if (cancelFound) {
-                    targetsFound = false;
-                }
-                else {
-                    targetNode.setAttribute(attrAlreadyFound, true);
-                }
-            }
-        });
+  function handleClick() {
+    const subtitles = document.querySelector('.subtitles-menu');
+    if (!subtitles) {
+      return;
     }
+    const title = document.querySelector('h3.hd')?.textContent || 'transcript';
+    download(safeFilename(title), subtitles.textContent || '');
+  }
 
-    if (maxIntervals !== 0 && !(targetsFound && waitOnce)) {
-        maxIntervals -= 1;
-        setTimeout(function() {
-            waitForKeyElements(selectorOrFunction, callback, waitOnce, interval, maxIntervals);
-        }, interval);
+  function addFeatures() {
+    if (document.getElementById(BUTTON_ID) || !document.querySelector('.subtitles')) {
+      return;
     }
-}
+    const button = document.createElement('button');
+    button.id = BUTTON_ID;
+    button.type = 'button';
+    button.textContent = 'Download Transcript';
+    Object.assign(button.style, {
+      position: 'fixed',
+      top: '0',
+      left: '0',
+      zIndex: '2147483647'
+    });
+    button.addEventListener('click', handleClick);
+    document.body.appendChild(button);
+  }
 
-'use strict';
-waitForKeyElements (".subtitles", addFeatures);
+  addFeatures();
+  new MutationObserver(addFeatures).observe(document.documentElement, {
+    childList: true,
+    subtree: true
+  });
+})();
diff --git a/tests/test_security_regressions.py b/tests/test_security_regressions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cae095
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_security_regressions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import importlib.util
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+from unittest import mock
+
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+
+
+def load_zfsdash():
+    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("zfsdash", ROOT / "zfsdash.py")
+    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+    spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+    return module
+
+
+class StaticSecurityTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_userscript_has_no_remote_dependencies(self):
+        text = (ROOT / "tampermonkey/edx-download-transcripts.js").read_text(encoding="utf-8-sig")
+        self.assertNotIn("@require", text)
+        self.assertNotIn("http://", text)
+
+    def test_file_manager_does_not_interpolate_records_into_html(self):
+        text = (ROOT / "file-manager.html").read_text(encoding="utf-8-sig")
+        self.assertNotIn("li.innerHTML", text)
+        self.assertNotIn("${fileRecord.name}", text)
+
+    def test_zfs_dashboard_is_local_only(self):
+        module = load_zfsdash()
+        self.assertEqual(module.HOST, "127.0.0.1")
+
+    def test_retired_installers_fail_closed(self):
+        for relative_path in (
+            "setup-kali.sh",
+            "example-deploy.sh",
+            "macos/ruby/ruby-install_local.sh",
+            "macos/ruby/chruby_local.sh",
+            "gitlab-clone-group.sh",
+        ):
+            text = (ROOT / relative_path).read_text(encoding="utf-8-sig")
+            self.assertIn("retired", text)
+            self.assertIn("exit 1", text)
+
+
+class ZfsCacheTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_status_is_cached(self):
+        module = load_zfsdash()
+        module._status_cache.update(at=0.0, output="")
+        completed = subprocess.CompletedProcess([], 0, "pool output\n", "")
+        with mock.patch.object(module.subprocess, "run", return_value=completed) as run:
+            self.assertEqual(module.get_zpool_status(), "pool output")
+            self.assertEqual(module.get_zpool_status(), "pool output")
+        run.assert_called_once()
+
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(os.name == "posix", "requires POSIX shell and symlinks")
+class RecursiveDeletionTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_symlink_does_not_escape_selected_root(self):
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as workspace:
+            workspace = Path(workspace)
+            root = workspace / "root"
+            outside = workspace / "outside"
+            inside_target = root / "project" / "node_modules"
+            outside_target = outside / "node_modules"
+            inside_target.mkdir(parents=True)
+            outside_target.mkdir(parents=True)
+            (root / "external-link").symlink_to(outside, target_is_directory=True)
+
+            subprocess.run(
+                ["bash", str(ROOT / "rm-recursive-node_modules.sh"), "--yes", str(root)],
+                check=True,
+            )
+
+            self.assertFalse(inside_target.exists())
+            self.assertTrue(outside_target.exists())
+
+    def test_filesystem_root_is_rejected(self):
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            ["bash", str(ROOT / "rm-recursive-node_modules.sh"), "--yes", "/"],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+        )
+        self.assertNotEqual(result.returncode, 0)
+        self.assertIn("Refusing", result.stderr)
diff --git a/update-apt.sh b/update-apt.sh
index b923499..12b7453 100755
--- a/update-apt.sh
+++ b/update-apt.sh
@@ -1,16 +1,22 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-# Update systems using apt package manager. Ubuntu, Kali.
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
 
-# Prompt for sudo if not root.
-if [ $EUID != 0 ]; then
-	echo $?
-	sudo "$0" "$@"
-	exit $?
+ASSUME_YES=false
+[[ "${1:-}" == "--yes" ]] && ASSUME_YES=true
+
+if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
+  exec sudo -- "$0" "$@"
+fi
+
+if ! $ASSUME_YES; then
+  echo "This will update package indexes, upgrade packages, run dist-upgrade,"
+  echo "clean the package cache, and remove unused packages."
+  read -r -p "Continue? [y/N]: " reply
+  [[ "$reply" =~ ^[Yy]([Ee][Ss])?$ ]] || exit 0
 fi
 
-echo "Updating..."
 apt-get update
 apt-get -y upgrade
-apt-get dist-upgrade
+apt-get -y dist-upgrade
 apt-get clean
 apt-get -y autoremove
diff --git a/zfsdash.py b/zfsdash.py
index 59f0565..f5eb961 100755
--- a/zfsdash.py
+++ b/zfsdash.py
@@ -1,20 +1,35 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 import re
 import subprocess
-from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
+import threading
+import time
+from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, ThreadingHTTPServer
 
-HOST = "0.0.0.0"
+HOST = "127.0.0.1"
 PORT = 8787
+CACHE_SECONDS = 2.0
+_status_lock = threading.Lock()
+_status_cache = {"at": 0.0, "output": ""}
 
 def get_zpool_status() -> str:
-    p = subprocess.run(
-        ["/sbin/zpool", "status", "-v"],
-        capture_output=True,
-        text=True,
-        timeout=8,
-    )
-    out = p.stdout if p.returncode == 0 else (p.stdout + "\n" + p.stderr)
-    return out.rstrip("\n")
+    now = time.monotonic()
+    with _status_lock:
+        if now - _status_cache["at"] < CACHE_SECONDS:
+            return _status_cache["output"]
+        try:
+            p = subprocess.run(
+                ["/sbin/zpool", "status", "-v"],
+                capture_output=True,
+                text=True,
+                timeout=8,
+                check=False,
+            )
+            out = p.stdout if p.returncode == 0 else (p.stdout + "\n" + p.stderr)
+        except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired) as exc:
+            out = f"Unable to read zpool status: {exc}"
+        output = out.rstrip("\n")
+        _status_cache.update(at=time.monotonic(), output=output)
+        return output
 
 def _extract_pool_blocks(zpool_output: str) -> list[dict]:
     """
@@ -291,6 +306,13 @@ def parse_scrub_info(zpool_output: str) -> dict:
   el.textContent = poolName ? `pool: ${poolName}` : "";
 }
 
+function setHeadline(el, state, detail) {
+  const pill = document.createElement("span");
+  pill.className = "pill";
+  pill.textContent = state;
+  el.replaceChildren(pill, document.createTextNode(` ${detail}`));
+}
+
 function formatResilverWidget(r) {
   if (!r) {
     setPool(resilverPool, null);
@@ -302,7 +324,7 @@ def parse_scrub_info(zpool_output: str) -> dict:
 
   if (r.active) {
     const eta = r.eta ? r.eta : "In progress";
-    resilverHeadline.innerHTML = `<span class="pill">ACTIVE</span> &nbsp; ${eta}`;
+    setHeadline(resilverHeadline, "ACTIVE", eta);
 
     const pct = (typeof r.pct_done === "number") ? `${r.pct_done.toFixed(1)}% done` : null;
     const parts = [];
@@ -310,7 +332,7 @@ def parse_scrub_info(zpool_output: str) -> dict:
     if (r.state) parts.push(r.state);
     resilverDetail.textContent = parts.join(" — ");
   } else {
-    resilverHeadline.innerHTML = `<span class="pill">IDLE</span> &nbsp; No resilver in progress`;
+    setHeadline(resilverHeadline, "IDLE", "No resilver in progress");
     resilverDetail.textContent = r.state ? r.state : "";
   }
 }
@@ -326,7 +348,7 @@ def parse_scrub_info(zpool_output: str) -> dict:
 
   if (s.active) {
     const eta = s.eta ? s.eta : "No ETA";
-    scrubHeadline.innerHTML = `<span class="pill">ACTIVE</span> &nbsp; ${eta}`;
+    setHeadline(scrubHeadline, "ACTIVE", eta);
 
     const pct = (typeof s.pct_done === "number") ? `${s.pct_done.toFixed(2)}% done` : null;
     const parts = [];
@@ -334,7 +356,7 @@ def parse_scrub_info(zpool_output: str) -> dict:
     if (s.state) parts.push(s.state);
     scrubDetail.textContent = parts.join(" — ");
   } else {
-    scrubHeadline.innerHTML = `<span class="pill">IDLE</span> &nbsp; Last scrub result`;
+    setHeadline(scrubHeadline, "IDLE", "Last scrub result");
     const parts = [];
     if (s.result) parts.push(s.result);
     if (s.duration) parts.push(`duration ${s.duration}`);
@@ -388,6 +410,10 @@ def _send(self, code: int, body: bytes, content_type: str):
         self.send_header("Content-Type", content_type)
         self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(body)))
         self.send_header("Cache-Control", "no-store")
+        self.send_header("Content-Security-Policy", "default-src 'self'; script-src 'unsafe-inline'; style-src 'unsafe-inline'; object-src 'none'; base-uri 'none'; frame-ancestors 'none'")
+        self.send_header("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff")
+        self.send_header("X-Frame-Options", "DENY")
+        self.send_header("Referrer-Policy", "no-referrer")
         self.end_headers()
         self.wfile.write(body)
 
@@ -397,7 +423,7 @@ def do_GET(self):
             return
 
         if self.path.startswith("/api/status"):
-            import time, json
+            import json
             output = get_zpool_status()
             payload = json.dumps({
                 "ts": int(time.time()),
@@ -411,7 +437,7 @@ def do_GET(self):
         self._send(404, b"Not Found", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
 
 def main():
-    httpd = HTTPServer((HOST, PORT), Handler)
+    httpd = ThreadingHTTPServer((HOST, PORT), Handler)
     print(f"Serving on http://{HOST}:{PORT}")
     httpd.serve_forever()