diff --git a/.claude/worktrees/gallant-bardeen b/.claude/worktrees/gallant-bardeen deleted file mode 160000 index 2c48827..0000000 --- a/.claude/worktrees/gallant-bardeen +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Subproject commit 2c48827d66c4a6e14b0090b2b5fef2c899c64694 diff --git a/.claude/worktrees/keen-curran b/.claude/worktrees/keen-curran deleted file mode 160000 index 2c48827..0000000 --- a/.claude/worktrees/keen-curran +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Subproject commit 2c48827d66c4a6e14b0090b2b5fef2c899c64694 diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 6f7a3e4..14ee4fd 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ - .libucks/ +.libucks/ __pycache__/ *.py[cod] *.egg-info/ @@ -9,7 +9,22 @@ venv/ .pytest_cache/ .ruff_cache/ *.so -.venv/ -.libucks/ -__pycache__/ -*.egg-info/ +.DS_Store + +# Local secrets — never commit +.env +.env.local + +# Local training/eval run logs (transient; results snapshot to tests/eval/results/) +cm_*.log +.claude/scheduled_tasks.lock + +# Vendored dep removed in the CM-B cleanup (installed from PyPI or local wheel instead) +mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/ +mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0.tar.gz + +# Stale Claude worktree checkouts (were committed as orphaned gitlinks; safe to rm -rf) +.claude/worktrees/ + +# Local run logs (kept out of git; cm_*.log already covered above) +logs/ diff --git a/.mcp.json b/.mcp.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b132898 --- /dev/null +++ b/.mcp.json @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +{ + "mcpServers": { + "libucks": { + "command": "/Users/ecaterina/Developer/libucks/.venv/bin/libucks", + "args": ["serve"], + "env": { + "HF_HUB_OFFLINE": "1" + } + } + } +} diff --git a/ARCHITECTURE.md b/ARCHITECTURE.md index 3011051..2304866 100644 --- a/ARCHITECTURE.md +++ b/ARCHITECTURE.md @@ -112,6 +112,8 @@ signed with RS256. Expiry is enforced at 15 minutes for access tokens and **Design constraint:** The Watchdog performs zero AI inference. It is a pure data-extraction process. This keeps it fast, always-on, and independently restartable. +**Deployment note:** `libucks serve` does NOT start WatchdogService by default. The primary update path is git-hook–driven: `git post-commit` → Unix socket → `StartupRecovery.run()`. Use `libucks install-hooks` to wire a target repo. WatchdogService is available as an opt-in for repos that do not use git hooks (e.g. non-git directories), but must be started explicitly. + --- ### 3.3 Central Agent (Router / Dispatcher) @@ -485,11 +487,11 @@ repo_cache = "~/.libucks/repos" ``` libucks/ ← this repository (the libucks tool itself) -├── main.py ← CLI entry point (click group) +├── libucks/_cli.py ← CLI entry point (click group, via [project.scripts]) ├── pyproject.toml ├── tools_v1.json ← versioned MCP tool schema manifest ├── ARCHITECTURE.md -├── IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md +├── docs/cartridges-plan.md ← active roadmap (superseded plans in docs/archive/) │ ├── libucks/ │ ├── config.py @@ -648,13 +650,60 @@ divides the loss by 8 before each `backward()` call and only advances the optimizer after every 8th bucket (or at end of epoch). Effective batch size = 8 without requiring padded batching, keeping peak MPS memory bounded. +#### Query dropout (Phase 12.8 fix) + +**Problem discovered:** With tight teacher-generated Q&A pairs, L_sep collapsed to 0.0000 +throughout all training epochs. The model learned to reconstruct answers directly from +query tokens — the latent prefix carried zero additional information and gradient never +flowed through it. + +**Root cause:** `L_task` can be minimised without ever attending to the latent when +`[query_prefix → target_text]` is a memorisable mapping. The model correctly ignores +the latent because doing so is sufficient. + +**Fix:** Query dropout (`query_dropout_rate = 0.5`). Each training step independently +samples whether to include the query prefix: + +```python +use_query = (random.random() >= 0.5) +# prefix = [bop, latent_K, eop, query (or empty), target] +``` + +On dropout steps the model sees only `[bop, latent_K, eop, "Answer:\n", target]`. +Without query tokens, the only source of signal for reconstructing `target_text` is +the latent. This forces L_sep > 0 and gradient to flow through the latent channel. +Non-dropout steps retain query conditioning so the model also learns the combined path +used at inference time. + +**Hard-negative selection:** The wrong-path bucket is now the centroid-nearest neighbour +(highest cosine similarity) rather than the first non-matching bucket. A hard negative +with semantically close content makes L_sep harder to satisfy, producing a stronger +discrimination gradient. + +**Updated λ_sep:** Raised from 0.1 → 0.3 so the separation term can compete with a +near-zero task loss once L_task converges. + +**L_sep computed at position [:1] only (Phase 12.9):** Applying `separation_loss` over +all T=64 target positions dilutes the genuine signal by 64×. Positions 1..T-1 attend to +teacher-forced target tokens that are *identical* in both correct and wrong paths, making +their logit distributions nearly identical. Only position 0 (predicting the first target +token from the prefix alone) is genuinely latent-conditioned. Fix: `logits_tgt[:1]` in +`LoRAReceiverTrainer._forward_and_losses`. + +**Wrong-path always r=0 (Phase 12.9):** The wrong soft-prompt uses `CurriculumMixer.mix` +with `r=0.0` (pure latents), while the correct path uses the sampled `r ∈ [0,1]`. This +ensures all K latent positions differ between correct and wrong paths, maximising the +discriminative signal at position 0 regardless of the correct path's mixing rate. + #### Recommended hyperparameters -| Param | Phase 12.6 (broken) | Phase 12.7 (fixed) | Rationale | -|---|---|---|---| -| `lora_r` | 32 | 4 | r=32 overfits 47 samples; r=4 sufficient (Hu et al. 2022 Table 2) | -| `lora_alpha` | 64 | 8 | Preserves scaling ratio alpha/r = 2 | -| `lr` | 1e-3 | 2e-4 | Standard LoRA fine-tuning range (1e-4 – 3e-4) | +| Param | Phase 12.6 (broken) | Phase 12.7 (fixed) | Phase 12.8 (fixed) | Rationale | +|---|---|---|---|---| +| `lora_r` | 32 | 4 | 4 | r=32 overfits 47 samples | +| `lora_alpha` | 64 | 8 | 4.0 | alpha/r = 1 (conservative) | +| `lr` | 1e-3 | 2e-4 | 2e-4 | Standard LoRA range | +| `query_dropout` | — | — | 0.5 | Forces latent conditioning | +| `λ_sep` | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | Competes with low L_task | ### Implementation Files diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md index 8e711ea..57558fb 100644 --- a/CLAUDE.md +++ b/CLAUDE.md @@ -5,13 +5,21 @@ You are the Principal Systems Architect and Lead Python Engineer building the `l ## 1. Project Blueprints (MANDATORY ROUTING) Before executing complex code changes, you MUST consult the blueprints: - `ARCHITECTURE.md`: Contains the system design, data flows, and the critical V2 Latent Space constraints. -- `IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md`: Contains our strict, phase-gated roadmap. +- `docs/cartridges-plan.md`: The current active roadmap (Cartridge Memory track). Superseded V1/V2/Phase-4 plans are archived under `docs/archive/` (including the closed Phase 4-C negative-result log at `docs/archive/phase-4c/`). ## 2. The Golden Rules - **Strict TDD:** You are never allowed to move to Phase N+1 until the Testing Gate for Phase N is 100% green. Always write the `test_*.py` file first, run it to watch it fail, then write the implementation to make it pass. - **Latent Space Constraint:** Librarians only produce `Representation` objects. ONLY the `Translator` is allowed to call `decode()` and output natural language. -- **No Automatic Mitosis:** V1 uses manual mitosis only. Do not build k-means clustering. +- **Auto-mitosis and auto-merge are on.** `HealthMonitor` runs every 5 min (started by `libucks serve` at `mcp_bridge.py:257`). It calls `MitosisService.split()` (k-means k=2 in `mitosis.py`) on buckets that exceed `mitosis_threshold` tokens or fall below the coherence threshold, and `MergingService.run_merge_pass()` for cosine-similar pairs. This was originally scoped as "manual only" in V1; that constraint was relaxed when HealthMonitor landed (Phase 6-E/F). +- **Auto-bucket-creation is on.** `NovelBucketService` (started by `libucks serve` alongside `HealthMonitor`) drains `CentralAgent.create_bucket_queue` to spawn new buckets when commits land substantial + cosine-novel content. Gates: `min_bucket_seed_tokens` (default 1500) AND `is_novel(embedding)`. Small or similar diffs are routed into the nearest existing bucket — coherence-driven mitosis splits later if pressure builds. Buckets are subject-specific knowledge units; single-file/single-chunk spawning is forbidden. - **API First:** V1 uses standard API calls (OpenAI/Anthropic), not a local Ollama daemon. +- **LoRA training MUST use query dropout:** `query_dropout_rate=0.5` in `_train_lora_receiver`. Without it, L_sep collapses to 0.0000 and the model ignores the latent entirely. See ARCHITECTURE.md §10 Phase 12.8. +- **Update pipeline is git-hook driven:** `libucks serve` does NOT start WatchdogService. Updates arrive via git post-commit hooks → Unix socket → `StartupRecovery`. For each changed file: if an existing bucket owns it → `UpdateEvent` directly. If no bucket owns it → `StartupRecovery._handle_unmatched_file` does the size+novelty check above and either enqueues a `CreateBucketEvent` or routes to the nearest existing bucket. Use `libucks install-hooks` to wire a target repo. +- **Check sep in training logs:** If `sep=0.0000` persists past epoch 3 in any training run, STOP. The latent is being ignored. Do not continue training — investigate the query dropout code path first. ## 3. Session Start Protocol -When a new session begins, scan the current files in `tests/unit/` to determine exactly which Phase and Step we are currently on in the `IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md` before taking action. +When a new session begins: +1. Read `docs/cartridges-log.md` (newest entry) to find the current stage/gate status, and `docs/cartridges-plan.md` for the active roadmap. +2. Scan `tests/unit/` to confirm which tests exist and which are green. +3. Check if `lora_receiver.pt` exists in the target repo's `.libucks/` before assuming LoRA is trained. +4. Never assume training was successful — always verify `sep > 0.0000` in logs. diff --git a/IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md b/IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md deleted file mode 100644 index c08d05c..0000000 --- a/IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,647 +0,0 @@ -# libucks — Implementation Plan - -**Test-Driven, Phase-Gated Development** - -> Every phase has a Testing Gate. The gate must pass fully before Phase N+1 begins. -> No phase is considered complete until its tests are green. - ---- - -## Phase Overview - -| Phase | Name | What We Build | Gate Metric | -|---|---|---|---| -| 1 | Foundation | Data models, storage, embedding service, Strategy interface | Unit tests: 100% pass, no Ollama required | -| 2 | Central Agent | Routing math, novelty detection, registry, event types | Routing accuracy ≥ 90% with mock embeddings | -| 3 | INIT Workflow | AST parser, grammar registry, init orchestrator, CLI | Integration test on fixture repo | -| 4 | UPDATE Workflow | Watchdog, diff extractor, librarians, mitosis | Live diff test on temp git repo | -| 5 | QUERY + MCP | Translator, MCP bridge, query orchestrator | MCP Inspector tool call returns valid response | -| 6 | Hardening | Persistence recovery, health monitor, observability | Full suite green; chaos tests pass | - ---- - -## Phase 1 — Foundation: Data Contracts, Storage, and the Strategy Interface - -### What We Build - -This phase produces no AI behavior. Its sole job is establishing the data contracts that every subsequent phase depends on. Nothing in Phase 2+ is built without these primitives. - -**1.1 — Data Models** (`libucks/models/`) - -- `ChunkMetadata`: `chunk_id`, `source_file`, `start_line`, `end_line`, `git_sha`, `token_count` -- `BucketFrontMatter`: `bucket_id`, `domain_label`, `centroid_embedding` (base64 float32), `token_count`, `chunks: List[ChunkMetadata]` -- All Event dataclasses: `DiffEvent`, `UpdateEvent`, `TombstoneEvent`, `PathUpdateEvent`, `QueryEvent`, `CreateBucketEvent` -- All models implemented with `pydantic v2` for validation and serialization. - -**1.2 — BucketStore** (`libucks/storage/bucket_store.py`) - -- `create(bucket_id, domain_label, centroid, chunks, prose) -> Path` -- `read(bucket_id) -> tuple[BucketFrontMatter, str]` (front-matter + prose body) -- `write_prose(bucket_id, prose: str)` — updates only the body, preserves front-matter -- `write_front_matter(bucket_id, front_matter: BucketFrontMatter)` — updates only YAML header -- `delete(bucket_id)` -- `list_all() -> List[str]` — returns all bucket_ids on disk -- Stores files at `.libucks/buckets/.md` - -**1.3 — BucketRegistry** (`libucks/storage/bucket_registry.py`) - -- In-memory singleton. Persisted to `.libucks/registry.json` on every write. -- Per-bucket state: `{centroid: np.ndarray, token_count: int, lock: asyncio.Lock, is_splitting: bool}` -- `register(bucket_id, centroid, token_count)` -- `deregister(bucket_id)` -- `get_all_centroids() -> Dict[str, np.ndarray]` -- `set_splitting(bucket_id, flag: bool)` -- `save()` / `load()` — JSON persistence (centroid as base64) - -**1.4 — EmbeddingService** (`libucks/embeddings/embedding_service.py`) - -- Singleton wrapper around `sentence-transformers`. -- `embed(text: str) -> np.ndarray` — L2-normalized output -- `embed_batch(texts: List[str]) -> np.ndarray` -- Model is configurable from `Config`; default `all-MiniLM-L6-v2`. -- Model loads once at process start. Subsequent calls reuse the loaded model. - -**1.5 — ThinkingStrategy Interface** (`libucks/thinking/`) - -```python -# base.py -Representation = Union[str, "torch.Tensor"] - -class ThinkingStrategy(ABC): - @abstractmethod - async def encode(self, text: str) -> Representation: ... - - @abstractmethod - async def reason(self, query: str, context: str) -> Representation: ... - - @abstractmethod - async def decode(self, result: Representation) -> str: ... -``` - -- `TextStrategy` (V1): `encode` returns text unchanged; `reason` constructs a prompt and calls Ollama via async `httpx`; `decode` returns text unchanged. All Ollama calls are async with configurable timeout. -- `LatentStrategy` (V2 stub): all three methods raise `NotImplementedError("V2 latent space — see upgrade plan")`. Exists to ensure the interface is exercised in tests. - -**1.6 — Config** (`libucks/config.py`) - -- Dataclass loaded from `.libucks/config.toml` via `tomllib`. -- Provides typed access to all configuration values with documented defaults. -- `Config.load(repo_path: Path) -> Config` - -**1.7 — Project scaffold** - -- `pyproject.toml` with all Phase 1 dependencies and optional `[dev]` group. -- `main.py` with a `click` group stub: `libucks` command with `--version`. -- `.gitignore` entry for `.libucks/`. - ---- - -### Phase 1 — Testing Gate - -**Tool:** `pytest` with `respx` for mocking `httpx` calls. **No Ollama required.** - -``` -tests/unit/ -├── test_models.py -├── test_bucket_store.py -├── test_bucket_registry.py -├── test_embedding_service.py -├── test_text_strategy.py -└── test_config.py -``` - -**test_models.py** -- Round-trip serialization: `ChunkMetadata → dict → ChunkMetadata` produces identical object. -- Round-trip serialization for all Event types. -- Pydantic validation rejects missing required fields. - -**test_bucket_store.py** (uses `tmp_path` pytest fixture, no real git repo) -- `create()` writes a `.md` file with valid YAML front-matter parseable by `pyyaml`. -- `read()` on a newly created bucket returns the correct `BucketFrontMatter` and prose string. -- `write_prose()` updates body; YAML front-matter is preserved byte-for-byte. -- `write_front_matter()` updates YAML; prose body is preserved. -- `delete()` removes the file; subsequent `read()` raises `FileNotFoundError`. -- `list_all()` returns exactly the created bucket IDs. - -**test_bucket_registry.py** -- `register()` then `get_all_centroids()` returns the registered centroid. -- `save()` + `load()` round-trip preserves centroid within float32 tolerance (`np.allclose`). -- `set_splitting(bucket_id, True)` is reflected in subsequent reads. -- Concurrent `asyncio` writes to different buckets do not cause data corruption (run 100 concurrent `register` calls with `asyncio.gather`). - -**test_embedding_service.py** -- Output shape is `(384,)` for default model. -- Output is L2-normalized: `np.linalg.norm(embed(text))` is within `1e-6` of 1.0. -- `embed_batch(["a", "b"])` shape is `(2, 384)`. -- Identical inputs produce identical outputs (determinism check). - -**test_text_strategy.py** (uses `respx` to mock Ollama at `http://localhost:11434`) -- `encode(text)` returns the input text unchanged. -- `reason(query, context)` sends a POST to `/api/generate`, returns the mocked response string. -- `decode(result)` returns the input string unchanged. -- `LatentStrategy.reason(...)` raises `NotImplementedError`. - -**Gate:** `pytest tests/unit/ -v` → 100% pass, 0 failures, 0 errors. - ---- - -## Phase 2 — Central Agent: Routing, Novelty Detection, and the Registry Loop - -### What We Build - -**2.1 — Routing math** inside `CentralAgent` - -- `route(query_embedding: np.ndarray, top_k: int) -> List[str]` — returns bucket_ids sorted by cosine similarity descending. -- `is_novel(query_embedding: np.ndarray) -> bool` — returns True if top-1 similarity < `(1 − novelty_threshold)`. -- Cosine similarity: `dot(q, c_b)` — valid because both vectors are L2-normalized. - -**2.2 — CentralAgent event loop** (`libucks/central_agent.py`) - -- `asyncio.Queue[DiffEvent]` for incoming Watchdog events. -- Separate `asyncio.Queue[QueryEvent]` for incoming query requests (non-blocking with respect to updates). -- UPDATE path: embed added lines → route → dispatch `UpdateEvent` to Librarian queues. If novel → `CreateBucketEvent`. If deleted lines → `TombstoneEvent`. If rename → `PathUpdateEvent`. -- Mitosis guard: if `BucketRegistry.is_splitting(bucket_id)` → put event in retry buffer, retry up to 3×. - -**2.3 — Librarian (stub)** (`libucks/librarian.py`) - -- Minimal implementation: receives events from its queue, logs them with `structlog`, does not yet call `ThinkingStrategy`. This is the "wiring" version — full implementation is Phase 4. - -**2.4 — Mock DiffEvent fixtures** (`tests/fixtures/routing/`) - -- `needle_cases.json`: 20 domains, each with a pre-computed centroid (stored as a list of floats), 5 "correct" probe queries, and 5 "adversarial" queries that are topically adjacent. -- Pre-computed at fixture generation time using real `EmbeddingService` calls. Stored as static JSON so tests are deterministic and require no embedding model at runtime. - ---- - -### Phase 2 — Testing Gate - -**Tool:** `pytest` + `pytest-asyncio`. Embeddings loaded from fixtures — no live models required. - -``` -tests/unit/ -├── test_central_agent_routing.py -└── test_central_agent_events.py - -tests/integration/ -└── test_routing_accuracy.py -``` - -**test_central_agent_routing.py** -- `route(embed_A, top_k=3)` where `embed_A` is close to bucket_A's centroid → bucket_A is rank 1. -- `route()` with an embedding equidistant from all centroids → returns top_k results (no error). -- `is_novel()` returns True when embedding is far from all centroids (distance > threshold). -- `is_novel()` returns False when embedding is close to a centroid. - -**test_central_agent_events.py** (uses `pytest-asyncio`) -- Posting a `DiffEvent` to the queue causes the correct Librarian stub to receive an `UpdateEvent` within 100ms. -- Posting a deletion hunk causes a `TombstoneEvent` (not an `UpdateEvent`). -- Posting a rename event causes a `PathUpdateEvent` with correct old and new paths. -- Posting an event while `is_splitting=True` on the target bucket: event is NOT immediately delivered; after `is_splitting` is cleared, event IS delivered. -- Novel diff (no close centroid) → `CreateBucketEvent` is emitted. - -**test_routing_accuracy.py** — the Needle in a Haystack test -- Load `needle_cases.json`. For each of 20 buckets × 5 probe queries: - - `@pytest.mark.parametrize` over all 100 cases. - - Pre-load centroid embeddings into a mock `BucketRegistry`. - - Call `CentralAgent.route(query_embedding, top_k=1)`. - - Assert the correct bucket is rank 1. -- For each of 20 buckets × 5 adversarial queries: - - Assert the correct bucket is within top-3. -- **Gate metrics:** top-1 accuracy ≥ 90%, top-3 accuracy ≥ 98%. -- `@pytest.mark.slow` tag — excluded from fast CI runs, included in full gate. - -**Gate:** `pytest tests/unit/ tests/integration/test_routing_accuracy.py -v` → all pass, routing accuracy metrics printed as test output. - ---- - -## Phase 3 — INIT Workflow: AST Parsing and Bucket Seeding - -### What We Build - -**3.1 — GrammarRegistry** (`libucks/parsing/grammar_registry.py`) - -- Maps file extensions → Tree-sitter language names. -- `get_parser(extension: str) -> tree_sitter.Parser` — lazy-downloads compiled grammar `.so` from the tree-sitter GitHub releases API if not cached; caches under `~/.libucks/grammars/`. -- Raises a clear error for unsupported extensions (rather than silently skipping files). - -**3.2 — ASTParser** (`libucks/parsing/ast_parser.py`) - -- `parse_file(path: Path) -> List[RawChunk]` -- Extracts: module-level docstrings, function definitions (name + signature + docstring + body), class definitions (name + docstring + method signatures). -- Falls back to line-split chunking (every N lines) for unsupported file types. - -**3.3 — RepoCloner** (`libucks/init_orchestrator.py`) - -- Clones target repo via `gitpython` to `~/.libucks/repos//`. -- If the repo is already cloned, performs `git fetch` + `git reset --hard origin/HEAD` to refresh. - -**3.4 — InitOrchestrator** (`libucks/init_orchestrator.py`) - -1. Clone/refresh repo. -2. Walk all source files; skip binary files, `.gitignore`d paths. -3. Parse each file → `List[RawChunk]`. -4. `EmbeddingService.embed_batch(all_chunk_contents)`. -5. Agglomerative clustering (scipy): `n_clusters = max(1, total_tokens // 2000)`. -6. For each cluster: `BucketStore.create()`, `Librarian.initialize(chunks)` (stub: writes raw chunk content, no summarization yet — that is Phase 4), `BucketRegistry.register()`. -7. Print rich progress table: files parsed, chunks extracted, buckets created. - -**3.5 — CLI command** - -- `libucks init ` — runs `InitOrchestrator`. -- `libucks init --local ` — skips cloning, runs against an already-cloned directory. - -**3.6 — Fixture repo** (`tests/fixtures/repos/sample_repo/`) - -A small, fully committed Python project checked into the libucks repo for use in integration tests. Contains: -- `auth/middleware.py` — JWT validation functions -- `db/models.py` — ORM models -- `api/routes.py` — HTTP route handlers -- `ui/components.py` — frontend component stubs -- `utils/helpers.py` — utility functions -- `README.md` and a `setup.py` - -~15 functions total, ~500 lines. Enough to seed 2–4 buckets. - ---- - -### Phase 3 — Testing Gate - -**Tool:** `pytest` with `tmp_path`, `monkeypatch`. Grammar downloads are mocked via `respx`. No live git clone in CI. - -``` -tests/unit/ -├── test_ast_parser.py -└── test_grammar_registry.py - -tests/integration/ -└── test_init_workflow.py -``` - -**test_ast_parser.py** -- Given a Python source file string (inline fixture), `parse_file()` returns `RawChunk` objects where `start_line` and `end_line` are accurate. -- `chunk.content` contains the function signature and its docstring. -- `chunk.language == "python"`. -- A file with no top-level declarations returns at least one fallback chunk (the whole file). -- Parsing a file with a syntax error does not raise; returns best-effort chunks. - -**test_grammar_registry.py** (mocks HTTP with `respx`) -- First call to `get_parser("py")` triggers a download request to the grammar release URL. -- Second call to `get_parser("py")` does NOT trigger a download (cache hit). -- Call with an unsupported extension raises `UnsupportedLanguageError` with the extension name in the message. - -**test_init_workflow.py** (uses `tmp_path`, does NOT clone a real repo) -- `InitOrchestrator.run(local_path=sample_repo_fixture_path)` completes without error. -- `.libucks/buckets/` directory is created and contains at least 1 `.md` file. -- Each `.md` file has valid YAML front-matter parseable by `pyyaml`. -- Every source file in `sample_repo/` has at least one `chunk_id` present across all bucket front-matters (no file is silently dropped). -- No bucket's `token_count` exceeds `mitosis_threshold` at init time (seeding heuristic is working). -- `BucketRegistry.load()` after `InitOrchestrator.run()` returns the same bucket IDs as the `.md` files on disk. - -**Gate:** `pytest tests/unit/test_ast_parser.py tests/unit/test_grammar_registry.py tests/integration/test_init_workflow.py -v` → 100% pass. - ---- - -## Phase 4 — UPDATE Workflow: Watchdog, Diff Extractor, Librarians, Mitosis - -### What We Build - -This is the most complex phase. It wires the live-update pipeline end-to-end. - -**4.1 — DiffExtractor** (`libucks/diff/diff_extractor.py`) - -- `extract(filepath: Path) -> List[DiffEvent]` -- Runs `git diff HEAD -- --find-renames` via `gitpython`. -- Parses unified diff into `List[DiffHunk]` using `unidiff`. -- Detects renames: if `git diff` reports a rename, emits `DiffEvent(is_rename=True, old_path=..., new_path=...)`. -- Handles binary files gracefully (skips with a log warning). - -**4.2 — WatchdogService** (`libucks/watchdog_service.py`) - -- Uses `watchdog.observers.Observer` and a custom `FileSystemEventHandler`. -- On `FileModifiedEvent` for a tracked source file: calls `DiffExtractor.extract()` → places `DiffEvent` on `CentralAgent.diff_queue`. -- Debounce: if the same file triggers events within 500ms, only the last event is processed. Prevents flooding on rapid auto-save. - -**4.3 — Librarian (full implementation)** (`libucks/librarian.py`) - -- `asyncio.Queue` per Librarian instance. -- `UpdateEvent` handler: - 1. Acquire per-bucket `asyncio.Lock`. - 2. Read current bucket from `BucketStore`. - 3. Call `ThinkingStrategy.reason(diff_content, current_prose)` → `Representation`. - 4. Call `ThinkingStrategy.decode(result)` only if final output needed (not for internal reason calls — Translator handles final decode). - 5. Write updated prose via `BucketStore.write_prose()`. - 6. Recompute centroid: `normalize(mean(embed_batch([c.content for c in chunks])))`. - 7. Update `BucketRegistry` centroid + token_count. - 8. Release lock. - 9. If `token_count > mitosis_threshold` → signal `MitosisService`. -- `TombstoneEvent` handler: - 1. Acquire lock. - 2. Remove stale `ChunkMetadata` entries matching `chunk_id` in `TombstoneEvent.chunk_ids`. - 3. Re-render prose (call `ThinkingStrategy.reason` asking it to rewrite the summary without the purged concepts). - 4. Write via `BucketStore`. Release lock. -- `PathUpdateEvent` handler: acquire lock → update `source_file` field in all matching `ChunkMetadata` → write front-matter → release lock (no prose re-render needed). -- `InitEvent` handler: generate initial condensed prose via `ThinkingStrategy.reason(chunks_as_text, "")` → write to `BucketStore`. -- `QueryEvent` handler: call `ThinkingStrategy.reason(query, prose)` → return `Representation` (no decode, no natural language output — that is the Translator's job). - -**4.4 — MitosisService** (`libucks/mitosis.py`) - -1. `set_splitting(bucket_id, True)` in `BucketRegistry`. -2. Read all `ChunkMetadata` from bucket front-matter. -3. `EmbeddingService.embed_batch([c.content for c in chunks])`. -4. k-means k=2 via `scikit-learn`. -5. `BucketStore.create()` for each child; `Librarian.initialize()` for each child. -6. `BucketRegistry.register()` for children; `BucketRegistry.deregister()` for parent. -7. `BucketStore.delete(parent_id)`. -8. `set_splitting(bucket_id, False)` — this triggers `CentralAgent` to drain the retry buffer. - -**4.5 — Ghost context test (git sha validation)** - -- In `TombstoneEvent` handler: before purging a chunk, compare `chunk.git_sha` to the deletion commit's sha. If `chunk.git_sha` is newer → skip purge (the chunk survived the deletion in a subsequent write). - ---- - -### Phase 4 — Testing Gate - -**Tool:** `pytest` + `pytest-asyncio` + `pytest-timeout` + `respx` (mock Ollama). - -``` -tests/unit/ -├── test_diff_extractor.py -├── test_watchdog_service.py -├── test_librarian.py -└── test_mitosis.py - -tests/integration/ -├── test_update_workflow.py -└── test_ghost_context.py -``` - -**test_diff_extractor.py** (no real git required — inject mock `gitpython` output) -- Given synthetic unified diff string with an added function → `DiffHunk` has correct `added_lines`, `new_start`, `new_end`. -- Given unified diff with deletions → `removed_lines` are correct, `old_start`/`old_end` are correct. -- Given a rename diff (`old_path → new_path`) → `DiffEvent.is_rename=True`, `old_path` and `new_path` are populated. -- Binary file → no hunk emitted, warning logged. - -**test_librarian.py** (mocks `ThinkingStrategy` and `BucketStore`) -- `UpdateEvent` → `ThinkingStrategy.reason` is called with the diff content and current prose. -- `TombstoneEvent` → the specified `chunk_id` is absent from the bucket front-matter after the handler runs. -- `PathUpdateEvent` → all `ChunkMetadata.source_file` for the old path are updated; prose is unchanged. -- `QueryEvent` → `ThinkingStrategy.reason` is called; `ThinkingStrategy.decode` is NOT called (the Librarian does not produce final natural language). - -**test_mitosis.py** -- Build a bucket with 40 synthetic chunks: 20 near `centroid_A`, 20 near `centroid_B` (far apart). -- Run `MitosisService`. -- Assert: exactly 2 child buckets created; `len(A.chunks) + len(B.chunks) == 40`; parent absent from registry. -- Each child centroid is closer to its own chunks' embeddings than to the other child's. -- **Race condition test:** `asyncio.gather(MitosisService.run(bucket), *[librarian.handle(UpdateEvent) for _ in range(10)])` with `pytest-timeout` at 10s. Assert no deadlock, all 10 `UpdateEvent` objects are eventually processed (either in a child bucket or via the retry buffer). - -**test_update_workflow.py** (uses `tmp_path`, creates a real git repo with `gitpython`) -1. `git init` in `tmp_path`. Write a Python file. `git commit`. -2. Run `InitOrchestrator` against `tmp_path`. -3. Edit the Python file (add a new function). Do NOT commit (Watchdog reads `git diff HEAD`). -4. Manually call `DiffExtractor.extract(modified_file)`. -5. Post resulting `DiffEvent` to `CentralAgent.diff_queue`. -6. `await asyncio.sleep(2)` — allow Librarian to process. -7. Assert: the new function name appears somewhere in the relevant bucket's prose or chunk metadata. -8. Assert: the bucket's `token_count` in `BucketRegistry` is updated. - -**test_ghost_context.py** -- `git init` in `tmp_path`. Write a Python file with 3 functions. Commit. Run INIT. -- Assert: 3 chunk_ids recorded. -- Delete one function. `git commit`. -- Feed deletion diff through `DiffExtractor` → `CentralAgent`. -- `await asyncio.sleep(2)`. -- Assert: deleted chunk's `chunk_id` absent from bucket front-matter. -- Assert: deleted function name absent from bucket prose (string search). -- Assert: other 2 chunks intact. -- **Rename test:** `git mv` the file. Feed rename diff. Assert all `chunk.source_file` updated; no chunks lost. - -**Gate:** `pytest tests/unit/ tests/integration/test_update_workflow.py tests/integration/test_ghost_context.py -v --timeout=30` → 100% pass. - ---- - -## Phase 5 — QUERY Workflow: Translator and MCP Bridge - -### What We Build - -**5.1 — QueryOrchestrator** (`libucks/query_orchestrator.py`) - -1. `embed(query)` → `q`. -2. `BucketRegistry.get_all_centroids()` → cosine similarity → top-K bucket_ids (read-only, no lock). -3. `asyncio.gather(*[librarian.handle(QueryEvent(query, bid)) for bid in top_k_ids])` → `List[Representation]`. -4. Pass `List[Representation]` + `query` to `Translator`. - -**5.2 — Translator** (`libucks/translator.py`) - -- `synthesize(query: str, representations: List[Representation]) -> str` -- Constructs a synthesis prompt from the query and all Representations (decoded to text via `ThinkingStrategy.decode` for V1; in V2 this is where tensors are decoded by the model's head). -- Calls `ThinkingStrategy.reason(synthesis_prompt, "")` → one final `Representation`. -- Calls `ThinkingStrategy.decode(result)` → `str`. -- **The only component permitted to call `decode` and return the result as final output.** -- Sanitization: before returning, strip any internal metadata keys (`bucket_id`, `chunk_id`, `git_sha`) that may have leaked into the Ollama response. - -**5.3 — MCPBridge** (`libucks/mcp_bridge.py`) - -- MCP server via `mcp` Python SDK, stdio transport. -- Tool: `libucks_query(query: str, top_k: int = 3) -> str` — calls `QueryOrchestrator` → `Translator` → returns string. -- Tool: `libucks_status() -> dict` — reads `BucketRegistry`: returns `{bucket_count, total_tokens, last_updated, pending_events}`. -- Tool schemas loaded from `tools_v1.json` at startup. Schema validated against MCP spec at load time with `jsonschema`. -- CLI: `libucks serve` starts the MCP server. - -**5.4 — tools_v1.json** (root of repo) - -```json -{ - "version": "1", - "tools": [ - { - "name": "libucks_query", - "description": "Query the libucks memory system for condensed context about the target repository.", - "inputSchema": { - "type": "object", - "properties": { - "query": { "type": "string", "description": "Natural language question about the codebase." }, - "top_k": { "type": "integer", "default": 3, "description": "Number of buckets to consult." } - }, - "required": ["query"] - } - }, - { - "name": "libucks_status", - "description": "Return current system health: bucket count, total tokens, last update timestamp.", - "inputSchema": { "type": "object", "properties": {} } - } - ] -} -``` - ---- - -### Phase 5 — Testing Gate - -**Tool:** `pytest` + `pytest-asyncio` + `respx` (mock Ollama) + MCP SDK in-process test client. - -``` -tests/unit/ -├── test_translator.py -└── test_mcp_bridge.py - -tests/integration/ -├── test_query_workflow.py -└── test_mcp_schema.py -``` - -**test_translator.py** (mocks `ThinkingStrategy`) -- Given 3 mock `Representation` strings, `Translator.synthesize()` returns a non-empty string. -- Output does NOT contain the literal strings `"bucket_id"`, `"chunk_id"`, or `"git_sha"`. -- `ThinkingStrategy.decode` is called exactly once (at the end). -- `ThinkingStrategy.reason` is called to synthesize partial results (not just concatenate them). - -**test_mcp_bridge.py** (uses MCP SDK in-process test client — no subprocess) -- `libucks_query(query="test")` returns a non-empty string within 30s (pytest-timeout). -- `libucks_status()` returns a dict with keys `bucket_count`, `total_tokens`, `last_updated`. -- `libucks_status().bucket_count` matches the number of `.md` files in `.libucks/buckets/`. -- Calling `libucks_query` while Ollama is down (mocked via `respx` to return 503): returns a structured error string, does NOT raise an unhandled exception. - -**test_mcp_schema.py** -- Load `tools_v1.json`. -- Validate the JSON structure against the MCP tool schema specification using `jsonschema`. -- Assert that `libucks_query` input schema requires `"query"` and that `top_k` has a default. -- **Schema drift regression:** if `tools_v1.json` is modified without updating its version field, this test fails (catches accidental breaking changes). - -**test_query_workflow.py** — End-to-end query path (mocks Ollama, uses real BucketStore) -1. `InitOrchestrator.run(sample_repo_fixture_path)` → seed buckets. -2. Post a `QueryEvent("how does authentication work?")` through `QueryOrchestrator`. -3. Assert returned string is non-empty. -4. Assert returned string contains content from the `auth/` related bucket (not random bucket content). -5. Assert `ThinkingStrategy.decode` was called by `Translator` and not by any `Librarian`. - -**MCP Inspector manual gate** (required before Phase 6): -- `libucks init --local tests/fixtures/repos/sample_repo/` -- `libucks serve` -- Open Anthropic MCP Inspector → connect to `libucks` server. -- Call `libucks_query` with query `"what does the auth middleware do?"`. -- Verify response is coherent English and references content from `auth/middleware.py` in the fixture repo. -- Call `libucks_status` → verify JSON response with correct bucket count. -- Document: screenshot or log transcript committed to `tests/integration/mcp_inspector_log.txt`. - -**Gate:** `pytest tests/unit/test_translator.py tests/unit/test_mcp_bridge.py tests/integration/ -v --timeout=60` → 100% pass + MCP Inspector manual gate documented. - ---- - -## Phase 6 — Hardening: Persistence, Recovery, Observability, and Chaos - -### What We Build - -**6.1 — Startup recovery** - -- On `libucks serve`, if `.libucks/` exists: reconstruct `BucketRegistry` from all `.md` files on disk. Resume Librarian event loops. No state is held exclusively in memory. -- `BucketRegistry.load()` is called at startup before accepting any MCP connections. - -**6.2 — HealthMonitor** (`libucks/health_monitor.py`) - -- Async coroutine, started alongside the MCP bridge. -- Pings Ollama (`GET /api/tags`) every 30 seconds. -- If Ollama is unhealthy: sets a `system_degraded` flag; incoming `DiffEvent` objects are written to `.libucks/pending_events.jsonl` instead of the live queue. -- On Ollama recovery: drains `pending_events.jsonl` back into the live queue. - -**6.3 — Structured logging** - -- `structlog` configured at startup to emit JSON to `.libucks/libucks.log`. -- Every log entry carries: `bucket_id`, `event_type`, `latency_ms`, `timestamp`. -- `CentralAgent`, `Librarian`, `Translator`, `MCPBridge` all bind their component name in the logger context. - -**6.4 — CLI additions** - -- `libucks status` — rich table: bucket name, token count, chunk count, last updated, centroid drift % since init. -- `libucks reset` — clears `.libucks/`, re-runs INIT against the cached clone. -- `libucks logs` — tails `.libucks/libucks.log` with `rich` formatting. - -**6.5 — Graceful shutdown** - -- `SIGTERM` handler: drain in-flight Librarian queues, flush `BucketRegistry.save()`, stop MCP server, exit 0. - ---- - -### Phase 6 — Testing Gate - -**Tool:** `pytest` + `pytest-asyncio` + `pytest-timeout` + chaos scenarios. - -``` -tests/integration/ -├── test_startup_recovery.py -├── test_health_monitor.py -├── test_graceful_shutdown.py -└── test_chaos.py -``` - -**test_startup_recovery.py** -- Run `InitOrchestrator` → kill the process → restart with `BucketRegistry.load()`. -- Assert registry contains the same bucket IDs and centroids as before the kill. -- Assert a `libucks_query` call returns valid content immediately after recovery (no re-init needed). - -**test_health_monitor.py** (mocks Ollama via `respx`) -- While Ollama returns 503: `DiffEvent` objects are written to `pending_events.jsonl`, not the live queue. -- When Ollama returns 200 again: events in `pending_events.jsonl` are drained and eventually processed. -- After drain: `pending_events.jsonl` is empty (or removed). - -**test_chaos.py** -- **Rapid writes:** send 50 `DiffEvent` objects to the queue in 100ms. Assert all 50 are eventually processed (no events silently dropped). `pytest-timeout` at 30s. -- **Concurrent mitosis + query:** trigger mitosis on bucket A while simultaneously dispatching 20 `QueryEvent` objects routing to bucket A. Assert: no deadlock, all queries return valid responses (either from parent before split or from a child after split). -- **Disk full simulation:** mock `BucketStore.write_prose()` to raise `OSError`. Assert: `Librarian` logs the error, places the event in the retry buffer, does not crash. -- **Ollama timeout:** mock Ollama to hang for 60s. Assert: `TextStrategy.reason()` raises `httpx.TimeoutException` after configured timeout (default 30s), Librarian logs and moves on, does not block other events. - -**Full suite gate:** `pytest tests/ -v --timeout=60 -x` → 100% pass. - -**Performance gate** (optional, not blocking): -- Run `libucks init` on a 10 000-line public Python repo. Assert init completes in under 5 minutes. -- Run `libucks_query` end-to-end with Ollama live. Assert response time < 10s for top-3 routing. - ---- - -## Dependency Summary - -```toml -[project] -name = "libucks" -version = "0.1.0" -requires-python = ">=3.11" -dependencies = [ - "pydantic>=2.0", - "sentence-transformers>=3.0", - "numpy>=1.26", - "httpx>=0.27", - "pyyaml>=6.0", - "tree-sitter>=0.22", - "gitpython>=3.1", - "scipy>=1.13", - "scikit-learn>=1.5", - "watchdog>=4.0", - "unidiff>=0.7", - "click>=8.1", - "rich>=13.0", - "mcp>=1.0", - "structlog>=24.0", -] - -[project.optional-dependencies] -dev = [ - "pytest>=8.0", - "pytest-asyncio>=0.23", - "pytest-timeout>=2.3", - "respx>=0.21", - "jsonschema>=4.22", -] -``` - ---- - -## Phase Gate Summary - -| Phase | Gate Command | Pass Criteria | -|---|---|---| -| 1 | `pytest tests/unit/ -v` | 100% pass, 0 Ollama calls | -| 2 | `pytest tests/unit/ tests/integration/test_routing_accuracy.py -v` | 100% pass; top-1 ≥ 90%, top-3 ≥ 98% | -| 3 | `pytest tests/unit/ tests/integration/test_init_workflow.py -v` | 100% pass; fixture repo fully indexed | -| 4 | `pytest tests/unit/ tests/integration/test_update_workflow.py tests/integration/test_ghost_context.py -v --timeout=30` | 100% pass; live diff test < 2s | -| 5 | `pytest tests/ -v --timeout=60` + MCP Inspector manual gate | 100% pass; MCP Inspector transcript committed | -| 6 | `pytest tests/ -v --timeout=60 -x` | 100% pass; chaos tests pass | diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index c120ff1..f109ce9 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,491 +1,410 @@ -(DE MODIFICAT ACEST SLOPPY SLOP) +![libucks Architecture Banner](./docs/banner.png) -# libucks — Architecture Reference +# libucks — Librarian Buckets -**Librarian Buckets** | Local AI Memory Server for Coding Agents +**A persistent, latent-space memory server for coding agents. Your agent stops reading files. It queries memory.** ---- - -## 1. Problem Statement - -Coding agents operating on large repositories suffer from three compounding failure modes: - -1. **Context bloat** — reading 100 000+ lines consumes the entire context window. -2. **"Lost in the middle" degradation** — LLM attention weakens for content far from the prompt boundaries. -3. **Runaway API cost** — re-reading unchanged files on every query is wasteful. - -`libucks` acts as a persistent, structured RAM layer between the coding agent and the repository. It maintains a swarm of domain-specific context buckets, updates them asynchronously as code changes, and serves compressed context to the agent via the Model Context Protocol (MCP). The agent never reads raw files directly; it queries the memory server. +[![Python 3.11+](https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.11+-blue.svg)](https://www.python.org/) +[![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-yellow.svg)](./LICENSE) +[![MCP Compatible](https://img.shields.io/badge/MCP-compatible-green.svg)](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) --- -## 2. System Overview +## The Brutal Reality -``` -┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ -│ CODING AGENT (Claude) │ -│ │ -│ libucks_query("how does auth work?") ──────► MCP Tool Call │ -└──────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────┘ - │ stdio / MCP protocol -┌──────────────────────────────▼──────────────────────────────────────┐ -│ MCP BRIDGE │ -│ (mcp Python SDK, versioned tool schemas) │ -└──────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────┘ - │ - ┌──────────▼──────────┐ - │ TRANSLATOR │ ◄── Only component that - │ (Spokesperson) │ produces natural language - └──────────┬──────────┘ - │ Representation objects (str in V1, tensor in V2) - ┌──────────▼──────────┐ - │ CENTRAL AGENT │ ◄── Embedding-based router - │ (Dispatcher) │ - └──┬──────┬──────┬───┘ - │ │ │ - ┌───────────▼┐ ┌──▼────┐ ┌▼──────────┐ - │ Librarian A│ │Lib. B │ │Librarian C │ ... N librarians - │ frontend │ │auth │ │db-schema │ - └──────┬─────┘ └───┬───┘ └────┬───────┘ - │ │ │ - ┌──────▼────────────▼───────────▼───────┐ - │ BUCKET STORE │ - │ .libucks/buckets/*.md (+ registry) │ - └────────────────────────────────────────┘ - ▲ - ┌──────────┴──────────┐ - │ WATCHDOG │ ◄── OS file events + git diff - └─────────────────────┘ - ▲ - ┌──────────┴──────────┐ - │ TARGET REPOSITORY │ - └─────────────────────┘ -``` +Coding agents working on large repositories are broken by design. Three compounding failure modes kill them in production: ---- +1. **Context bloat.** 100,000+ line repos do not fit in a context window. Agents that try to read everything either truncate silently or blow the token budget on the first query. -## 3. Components +2. **"Lost in the middle" degradation.** LLM attention is not uniform. Content buried at position 60K in a 128K context window gets ~40% less weight than content at the boundaries. Your critical auth logic is functionally invisible. -### 3.1 Buckets +3. **Runaway API cost.** Re-reading unchanged files on every query burns money on redundant computation. A file unchanged since yesterday does not need to be re-read today. -**What they are:** Plain Markdown files stored under `.libucks/buckets/` inside the target repository. Each file is a highly condensed, domain-specific slice of context written by a Librarian. +Every existing solution — RAG pipelines, context compression, file summarizers — patches one failure mode while ignoring the others. They are also stateless: no memory between queries, no awareness of code evolution, no understanding of domain boundaries. -**File format:** +**`libucks` is not a patch.** -```markdown ---- -bucket_id: "a3f8c2d1" -domain_label: "authentication middleware" -centroid_embedding: "" -token_count: 1842 -chunks: - - chunk_id: "c001" - source_file: "src/auth/middleware.py" - start_line: 12 - end_line: 47 - git_sha: "e4f9a3b" - token_count: 312 - - ... --- -## Authentication Middleware +## Enter libucks -The auth middleware validates JWTs on every inbound request. Tokens are -signed with RS256. Expiry is enforced at 15 minutes for access tokens and -7 days for refresh tokens. The `require_role` decorator gates endpoints... -``` - -**Chunk metadata** (`source_file`, `start_line`, `end_line`, `git_sha`) is the authoritative provenance record. It enables precise invalidation when code changes without re-reading the whole bucket. +`libucks` is a **persistent, structured memory layer** between the coding agent and the repository. It maintains a swarm of domain-specific **context buckets**, updates them asynchronously as code changes, and serves compressed, semantically-routed context to the agent via the **Model Context Protocol (MCP)**. -**Token limit:** Configurable, default **4 000 tokens**. Exceeding this threshold triggers Bucket Mitosis (§3.4). +The agent is given a single tool: `libucks_query(query, top_k=3)`. It never reads raw files again. --- -### 3.2 Watchdog +## Research Foundations -**What it is:** A lightweight, non-AI Python process using the `watchdog` library to listen for OS-level file system events on the target repository. +libucks V2 is grounded in five papers from the agent communication and latent reasoning literature: -**What it does:** -1. On `FileModifiedEvent` for a tracked source file, it calls `DiffExtractor`. -2. `DiffExtractor` runs `git diff HEAD -- --find-renames` and parses the output into structured `DiffHunk` objects (added lines, removed lines, line ranges). -3. Renames are detected and converted to `RenameEvent` objects rather than delete+create pairs (preventing ghost context — see §5.2). -4. The resulting `DiffEvent` is placed onto the Central Agent's async input queue. +| Paper | arXiv | Role in libucks | +|---|---|---| +| **Interlat** — *Enabling Agents to Communicate Entirely in Latent Space* | [2511.09149](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.09149) | **Primary architecture.** The latent injection protocol, ``/`` framing, L_task + L_sep training objective, and query dropout are all direct implementations of Interlat §3.2-3.3 and §10. | +| **Coconut** — *Training Large Language Models to Reason in a Continuous Latent Space* | [2412.06769](https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.06769) | Motivates reasoning without language constraints. The curriculum mixing schedule (token→latent interpolation) adapts Coconut's chain-of-continuous-thought approach to the cross-agent communication setting. | +| **AgentPrune** — *Cut the Crap: An Economical Communication Pipeline for LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems* | [2410.02506](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.02506) | Informs the bucket routing design. Sparse, structured communication between agents (Librarians → Translator) rather than broadcasting full context to all agents. | +| **Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems** | [2511.20639](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.20639) | Supports the multi-Librarian → single Translator aggregation pattern via the CommunicationAdapter's inter-agent attention layers. | +| **Reasoning Models Don't Always Say What They Think** | [2505.05410](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.05410) | Motivates the architectural constraint that Librarians never produce natural language. Faithfulness is enforced structurally: Librarians return tensors, not strings. | -**Design constraint:** The Watchdog performs zero AI inference. It is a pure data-extraction process. This keeps it fast, always-on, and independently restartable. +The research papers are available in full in [`docs/`](./docs/). --- -### 3.3 Central Agent (Router / Dispatcher) +## Quickstart -The Central Agent is the embedding-based brain of the UPDATE and QUERY workflows. It runs as an async event loop and is the only component that writes to `BucketRegistry`. +### Install -**Routing algorithm (UPDATE):** +```bash +# V1 (Anthropic API strategy — no local model required) +pip install libucks -1. Embed the diff's added lines: `q = embed(added_content)` → L2-normalized vector in R^384 (default: `all-MiniLM-L6-v2`). -2. For each bucket `b` in `BucketRegistry`: `similarity(q, centroid_b) = dot(q, centroid_b)`. -3. Sort descending. Select top-K buckets where `similarity ≥ (1 − novelty_threshold)`. -4. If top-1 similarity falls below the novelty threshold → emit `CreateBucketEvent` (new domain detected). +# V2 — full latent space pipeline (recommended) +pip install "libucks[latent]" +``` -**Routing algorithm (QUERY):** Same cosine similarity, but read-only — no lock acquisition. +> **V2 hardware:** Apple Silicon (MPS), CUDA, CPU fallback. The encoder (Librarian) is +> `Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct` in every configuration. The receiver is **per-repo** and set by +> `.libucks/config.toml` — the headline eval below used `Qwen2.5-3B` (bfloat16, ~6 GB, no +> quantization). Repos with no `config.toml` fall back to the `Qwen2.5-0.5B` default in +> `libucks/config.py`, which is a *different* and weaker configuration. See +> [Results](#results) — this distinction matters when comparing numbers. -**Novelty threshold:** Default `0.35` cosine distance (`= 0.65` cosine similarity). Configurable per repo in `.libucks/config.toml`. +### Initialize + Train in One Shot -**Centroid maintenance:** After every Librarian write, the affected bucket's centroid is recomputed as `normalize(mean(embed(chunk) for chunk in bucket.chunks))`. This prevents centroid drift as bucket content evolves. +```bash +# Index the repo and train the full V2 pipeline (no API key required) +libucks init --local /path/to/your/repo --train --no-teacher -**Mitosis coordination:** The Central Agent maintains an `is_splitting` flag per bucket in `BucketRegistry`. If set, incoming `UpdateEvent` objects for that bucket are held in a retry buffer (3 retries, 100ms backoff) and re-routed after mitosis completes. +# With an Anthropic API key — uses Claude Haiku to generate richer Q&A training targets +libucks init --local /path/to/your/repo --train +``` -**Tombstone dispatch:** For removed lines in a diff, the Central Agent identifies overlapping `ChunkMetadata` records and emits `TombstoneEvent(chunk_ids, bucket_ids)` to the relevant Librarians. +`--train` runs both training phases automatically after indexing: +- **Phase 1 — CommunicationAdapter:** aligns Librarian latent tensors to the Base receiver's embedding space → `adapter.pt` +- **Phase 2 — LoRA Receiver:** fine-tunes `Qwen2.5-0.5B-Base` with rank-16 LoRA on `q_proj`/`v_proj` to decode framed latent injections into English → `lora_receiver.pt` ---- +### Or Run the Steps Manually -### 3.4 Librarians +```bash +# 1. Index +libucks init --local /path/to/your/repo -Each Librarian is an async event loop bound to exactly one Bucket. It is the only agent that writes to its bucket's `.md` file. +# 2. Train (both phases) +libucks train-adapter --repo /path/to/your/repo --no-teacher --train-receiver --epochs 5 -**Responsibilities:** +# 3. Re-train receiver only (after a major refactor) +libucks train-adapter --repo /path/to/your/repo --receiver-only --epochs 5 +``` -| Event | Action | -|---|---| -| `UpdateEvent` | Re-read bucket → call `ThinkingStrategy.reason(diff, context)` → write updated prose → recompute centroid → update `BucketRegistry` | -| `TombstoneEvent` | Remove stale `ChunkMetadata` entries from front-matter → re-render prose without purged chunks | -| `QueryEvent` | Call `ThinkingStrategy.reason(query, context)` → return `Representation` to `QueryOrchestrator` | -| `InitEvent` | Accept initial `RawChunk` list → call `ThinkingStrategy.reason` to produce condensed prose → write bucket | +### Start the MCP Server -**Concurrency:** All write operations acquire the per-bucket `asyncio.Lock` stored in `BucketRegistry`. Read operations (query) do not acquire the lock. +```bash +LIBUCKS_REPO_PATH=/path/to/your/repo libucks serve +``` -**Mitosis trigger:** After an `UpdateEvent` write, if `token_count > mitosis_threshold`, the Librarian signals `MitosisService`. +### Wire Claude Code + +Add to `.mcp.json` at your project root: + +```json +{ + "mcpServers": { + "libucks": { + "command": "/path/to/.venv/bin/libucks", + "args": ["serve"], + "env": { + "LIBUCKS_REPO_PATH": "/path/to/your/repo" + } + } + } +} +``` ---- +### Query from the Terminal (No Server Required) -### 3.5 Mitosis Service +```bash +libucks query "How does the authentication middleware work?" --repo /path/to/your/repo +``` -Triggered when a bucket exceeds its token limit. Runs as an isolated async task. +### Keep Memory Fresh (Git Hooks) -**Process:** -1. Acquire per-bucket write lock + set `is_splitting = True` in `BucketRegistry`. -2. Re-embed all chunks in the bucket. -3. Run k-means clustering with k=2 on chunk embeddings. -4. Create two new child buckets via `BucketStore`. Generate a domain label for each via `ThinkingStrategy.reason`. -5. Instantiate two new Librarians, one per child bucket. -6. Remove parent from `BucketRegistry`. Register children. -7. Release write lock + clear `is_splitting`. The Central Agent drains the retry buffer for the parent bucket ID, re-routes each event against the updated registry. +```bash +libucks install-hooks --repo /path/to/your/repo +``` -**Invariant:** `len(child_A.chunks) + len(child_B.chunks) == len(parent.chunks)`. No chunk may be lost during mitosis. +Every `git commit` now triggers an incremental bucket update over a Unix socket. No polling, no file watching, no background daemon consuming CPU. --- -### 3.6 Translator (Spokesperson) - -**The only component in the system that produces natural language output.** +## The Black Magic -Receives N `Representation` objects from N Librarians plus the original query string. Calls `ThinkingStrategy.decode` and then synthesizes a single coherent English answer via one final `ThinkingStrategy.reason` call. Returns a plain `str` to `MCPBridge`. +### V2: Latent Space Communication — Bypassing English Entirely -**Why this isolation matters:** In V2, Librarians will communicate in Latent Space (raw tensors). The Translator is the decode boundary — it is the only place where tensors are converted back to text. No other component is permitted to call a text-generation model and return natural language. +V1 has a fundamental information bottleneck. Every Librarian-to-Translator exchange is a round-trip through English text: ---- - -### 3.7 MCP Bridge +``` +Librarian → reason() → English string → Translator → synthesize → English string +``` -An MCP server implemented with the `mcp` Python SDK, started by `libucks serve` over stdio transport. +A hidden state in a 0.5B parameter model carries thousands of bits of information per position. A token carries ~15 bits. Every English round-trip throws away the vast majority of the model's internal representation. -**Registered tools:** +**V2 eliminates the intermediate text encoding.** -| Tool | Signature | Purpose | -|---|---|---| -| `libucks_query` | `(query: str, top_k: int = 3) -> str` | Primary context query | -| `libucks_status` | `() -> dict` | System health: bucket count, token totals, last-updated timestamps | +Librarians return raw `torch.Tensor` hidden states from `Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct`. The Translator is the only component that ever decodes — and it decodes using a LoRA-finetuned `Qwen2.5-0.5B-Base` **receiver model**, not the Instruct model. -Tool schemas are defined in a versioned `tools_v1.json` manifest loaded at startup. The schema is decoupled from the Python implementation to allow MCP spec evolution without internal refactoring. +**Why Base, not Instruct, for the receiver?** The Instruct model was RLHF'd on ChatML templates. Injecting arbitrary continuous vectors into it causes "format repair" hallucinations. The Base model has no such conditioning. LoRA on `q_proj`/`v_proj` (rank 16, ~2M trainable params) teaches it to read framed latent injections as meaningful input. ---- +**The injection protocol** (Interlat §3.2): -## 4. The Latent Space Interface Constraint (V1 → V2 Migration Contract) +``` +inputs_embeds = [e(), h_1, ..., h_K, e(), query_tokens, answer_tokens] +``` -> **This section is a hard architectural constraint. All contributors must read it.** +`` and `` recycle Qwen's native `<|im_start|>` / `<|im_end|>` tokens. No vocabulary resize. No new embeddings. The frame looks structurally identical to what the model has processed billions of times. The LoRA delta teaches it what the latents mean. -### The Problem V2 Solves +**Training objective** (Interlat §3.3): -In V1, every Librarian-to-Translator communication is a round-trip through English text: -``` -Librarian → reason(query, context) → English string → Translator → synthesize → English string ``` +L_total = L_task − λ_sep · L_sep -This is correct but slow. V2 eliminates the intermediate English encoding by having Librarians return raw hidden-state tensors from a local open-source model. The Translator is the only component that runs a decode head to convert tensors → text. +L_task = CrossEntropy(generated_tokens | framed_latents) # teacher forcing +L_sep = JSD(logits_correct_latent ‖ logits_wrong_latent) # separation signal +``` -### The Strategy Interface +Query dropout (50% of steps train without the query prefix) forces the receiver to decode from the latent alone — preventing the model from ignoring the latent entirely and collapsing to memorised Q→A mappings. **If `sep` stays at 0.0000 past epoch 3, the latent is being ignored — stop and check query dropout.** -To make V1 and V2 structurally identical at every call site, all Librarian reasoning is mediated through the `ThinkingStrategy` abstract base class: +**Curriculum mixing** bridges the token and latent manifolds during training: ``` -ThinkingStrategy (ABC) -│ -├── encode(text: str) -> Representation -│ V1: returns text unchanged (str) -│ V2: runs text through local model encoder → hidden state tensor -│ -├── reason(query: str, context: str) -> Representation -│ V1: constructs prompt → async Ollama call → returns response str -│ V2: encodes query + context → model forward pass in latent space → returns tensor -│ -└── decode(result: Representation) -> str - V1: returns result unchanged (it's already a str) - V2: runs decoder head on tensor → returns English str - -Representation = Union[str, torch.Tensor] # type alias +H^(r) = [token_embeds_1..⌊r·K⌋] ⊕ [latents_⌊r·K⌋+1..K] r ~ U[0,1] ``` -**Implementations:** -- `TextStrategy` — V1. Fully functional. Uses async `httpx` calls to a local Ollama daemon. -- `LatentStrategy` — V2 stub. Every method raises `NotImplementedError` with a message pointing to the V2 upgrade ticket. It exists now so the interface is exercised in tests from day one. +--- + +### The CommunicationAdapter -### The Rule +Aggregates N variable-length Librarian tensors into a fixed `(K=32, D)` soft-prompt before injection: -> **No component other than the Translator may call `ThinkingStrategy.decode` and return its result as the final output to the MCP Bridge.** +1. **Attentive Pooling** — a learned query vector cross-attends over each Librarian's token positions → one `(D,)` summary per Librarian. +2. **Inter-Librarian Self-Attention** — 2-layer, 8-head self-attention over N summaries captures cross-bucket relationships. +3. **Output Projection** — K learned queries cross-attend over refined summaries → `(32, D)` soft-prompt. -Librarians call `encode` and `reason`. The Translator calls `reason` (to synthesize) and `decode` (to produce the final string). This boundary must be enforced in code review. +~2M trainable parameters. Every backbone weight is frozen. --- -## 5. Workflows +### Git-Hook Driven Updates — Zero AI Cost Per Commit -### 5.1 INIT +`libucks serve` does **not** start the Watchdog. The primary update path is: ``` -libucks init - │ - ▼ -RepoCloner ──── clone to ~/.libucks/repos// +git post-commit hook │ ▼ -ASTParser (Tree-sitter + GrammarRegistry) - - Walk all source files - - Extract top-level declarations: functions, classes, modules, docstrings - - Produce: List[RawChunk(source_file, start_line, end_line, content, language)] +Unix socket → StartupRecovery.run() │ ▼ -EmbeddingService.embed_batch(all_chunk_contents) +DiffExtractor: git diff HEAD → structured DiffHunk objects │ ▼ -Agglomerative clustering (scipy) - - n_clusters = max(1, total_tokens // 2000) - - Each cluster → one initial Bucket - │ - ▼ -For each cluster: - BucketStore.create() → write .md file with YAML front-matter - Librarian.initialize(chunks) → ThinkingStrategy.reason → condensed prose - BucketRegistry.register(bucket_id, centroid, token_count) - │ - ▼ -libucks serve (ready to accept MCP connections) +CentralAgent: embed added lines → cosine route → UpdateEvent → Librarian ``` -**Grammar management:** `GrammarRegistry` maps file extensions to language names and lazily downloads compiled Tree-sitter grammar `.so` binaries from the tree-sitter GitHub releases API on first encounter, caching under `~/.libucks/grammars/`. No grammars are bundled at install time. +Renames are detected and converted directly from the unified diff — no ghost context from delete+create pairs. The `git_sha` embedded in every `ChunkMetadata` record prevents tombstoning chunks that were already updated by a subsequent write. --- -### 5.2 UPDATE +### AST-Parsed Module-Affinity Clustering +INIT doesn't use naive k-means on raw embeddings. It builds a **module-affinity distance matrix** from structural code relationships and feeds it into scipy's agglomerative hierarchical clustering. + +The affinity score between any two chunks: + +```python +affinity(i, j) = clip( + cosine_sim(embed_i, embed_j) + + 0.4 # if same_source_file + + 0.2, # if file_A_imports_file_B_stem (or vice versa) + 0, 1 +) ``` -OS file save event (Ctrl+S) - │ - ▼ -WatchdogService detects FileModifiedEvent - │ - ▼ -DiffExtractor - - git diff HEAD -- --find-renames - - Parse unified diff → List[DiffHunk] - - Renames → RenameEvent (NOT delete+add) - │ - ▼ -asyncio.Queue ──────► CentralAgent event loop - │ - ├── For added lines: - │ embed → cosine similarity → top-K buckets - │ if top-1 < novelty_threshold → CreateBucketEvent - │ else → UpdateEvent(bucket_id, diff_hunk) → Librarian queue - │ - ├── For removed lines: - │ find overlapping ChunkMetadata by (source_file, line_range, git_sha) - │ → TombstoneEvent(chunk_ids) → Librarian queue - │ - └── For renames: - → PathUpdateEvent(old_path, new_path) → all Librarians - (updates source_file field; no content purge) -``` -**Ghost context prevention:** Every `ChunkMetadata` record carries `git_sha`. A tombstone pass checks `chunk.git_sha` against the deletion commit. If the sha is newer than the deletion (i.e., the chunk was already updated by a subsequent write), the chunk is not purged — it survived the deletion. +Import detection uses `ast.parse` + `ast.walk` — no subprocess, no language server. + +--- + +### Bucket Mitosis — Self-Organizing Memory + +When a bucket exceeds its token threshold (`mitosis_threshold`, default 20,000 tokens), **MitosisService** splits it automatically: + +1. Acquire per-bucket write lock. Set `is_splitting = True` in the registry. +2. Re-embed all chunks. Run k-means (k=2). +3. Create two child buckets. Generate a domain label for each via `strategy.reason()`. +4. Instantiate two new Librarians. Remove parent from registry. Register children. +5. Drain the retry buffer — queued `UpdateEvent` objects for the parent are re-routed against the updated registry. + +**Invariant:** `len(child_A.chunks) + len(child_B.chunks) == len(parent.chunks)`. No chunk is ever lost. --- -### 5.3 QUERY +## Architecture ``` -Claude Code calls libucks_query("how does auth work?") - │ - ▼ -MCPBridge receives MCP tool call - │ - ▼ -QueryOrchestrator - 1. embed(query) → q - 2. cosine similarity vs all centroids → top-K bucket_ids (read-only) - 3. asyncio.gather → QueryEvent(query, bucket_id) to each Librarian - │ - ▼ -Each Librarian (concurrently): - ThinkingStrategy.reason(query, bucket_content) → Representation - │ - ▼ -Translator receives List[Representation] + original query - ThinkingStrategy.reason(synthesize N partial results) - ThinkingStrategy.decode(result) → str - │ - ▼ -MCPBridge wraps str in MCP tool response schema → Claude Code +┌───────────────────────────────────────┐ +│ CODING AGENT (Claude) │ +│ libucks_query("how does X work?") │ +└──────────────────┬────────────────────┘ + │ stdio / MCP + ┌─────────▼─────────┐ + │ MCP BRIDGE │ + └─────────┬─────────┘ + │ + ┌─────────▼─────────┐ + │ TRANSLATOR │ ← ONLY natural language output + └─────────┬─────────┘ + │ List[Representation] (tensors in V2) + ┌─────────▼─────────┐ + │ CENTRAL AGENT │ ← cosine router over all centroids + └──┬─────┬──────┬───┘ + │ │ │ + ┌────▼─┐ ┌─▼──┐ ┌─▼────┐ + │Lib A │ │Lib B│ │Lib C │ ... N Librarians + └──────┘ └─────┘ └──────┘ + │ + ┌─────────▼─────────┐ + │ BUCKET STORE │ ← .libucks/buckets/*.md + └─────────┬─────────┘ + │ + ┌─────────▼─────────┐ + │ GIT HOOK SOCKET │ ← post-commit → Unix socket → StartupRecovery + └─────────┬─────────┘ + │ + ┌─────────▼─────────┐ + │ TARGET REPOSITORY │ + └───────────────────┘ ``` +| Component | Role | +|---|---| +| **CentralAgent** | Embedding-based router. Writes to `BucketRegistry`. Coordinates mitosis. | +| **Librarian** | Per-bucket async event loop. The only agent that writes its `.md` file. | +| **Translator** | The only component that calls `decode()` and outputs natural language. | +| **MCP Bridge** | Exposes `libucks_query` and `libucks_status` over stdio transport. | +| **Bucket** | Markdown file with YAML front-matter. Title-boosted centroid. Chunk provenance via `git_sha`. | + +**Strategy is switchable at config time.** Set `strategy = "text"` in `.libucks/config.toml` for V1 (Anthropic API). Set `strategy = "latent"` for the full V2 pipeline. Zero changes to routing, storage, or MCP code. + --- -## 6. Data Models +## Results -``` -BucketFrontMatter - bucket_id: str - domain_label: str - centroid_embedding: bytes # base64 float32 array - token_count: int - chunks: List[ChunkMetadata] - -ChunkMetadata - chunk_id: str - source_file: str - start_line: int - end_line: int - git_sha: str - token_count: int - -RawChunk - source_file: str - start_line: int - end_line: int - content: str - language: str - -DiffHunk - file: str - old_start: int - old_end: int - new_start: int - new_end: int - added_lines: List[str] - removed_lines: List[str] - -Events - DiffEvent(file, hunks, is_rename, old_path, new_path) - UpdateEvent(bucket_id, hunk) - TombstoneEvent(chunk_ids, bucket_ids) - PathUpdateEvent(old_path, new_path) - QueryEvent(query, bucket_id) - CreateBucketEvent(seed_content) +Every number below is from `tests/eval/test_latent_vs_baseline.py` against hand-curated +fixtures in `tests/eval/fixtures/`. Grounding = ≥50% of expected answer keywords present. +Full per-phase detail is in [`docs/cartridges-log.md`](./docs/cartridges-log.md) and +[`docs/archive/phase-4c/`](./docs/archive/phase-4c/). + +**Headline: hybrid retrieval grounds 19.5 ± 1.7 / 30 (65%) on libugry** — 4-run mean, +`Qwen2.5-3B` receiver, an uncontaminated single-commit repo the model has never seen. + +| Phase | Change | Result | +|---|---|---| +| 1 | Routing metric fix | correct-bucket 1/15 → **14/15** | +| 3-A | LoRA ablation | 4/30 without vs 10/30 with — LoRA is load-bearing | +| 3-B | **In-bucket chunk rerank** | 10 → **16/30**. Routing-*layer* rerank did nothing; the lever was inside the bucket | +| 4-A | Verbatim-only ablation, 4-run mean | **19.5 ± 1.7 / 30** — and routing-layer rerank was *actively hurting* | +| 4-C | KV-cache coprocessor (DeepMind-style) | ❌ **Negative.** Latent-alone 2/25, *below* the 3/25 no-context floor. An apparent 12/25 win was decode-loop artifact + variance | +| CM-A.1 | Context distillation → KV cartridge, 1 bucket | ✅ 2/8 → **4/8** latent-alone, KL 0.749 → 0.219; latent carried exact identifiers | +| CM-A.2 | Same, all 10 buckets, top-k prefixes concatenated | ❌ **Negative.** 7/25 vs ≥8/25 gate, bit-identical across two runs | + +### What this actually means + +**The memory substrate works.** Routing, incremental git-hook updates, AST-affinity +clustering, mitosis/merge, and hybrid retrieval all do their jobs. 65% grounding on a repo +the model has never seen is a real result. + +**The "latent alone carries facts" thesis is not supported by this evidence.** It failed +twice, via two different architectures. The honest reading is that all grounding flows +through the verbatim retrieval channel. Latent + retrieval (hybrid) is what performs. + +**Two caveats that a careful reader should know, because they cut both ways:** + +1. **The negative results were scored against a cross-model baseline.** The echoswarm + reference numbers (hybrid 11/25, no_context 3/25) ran on a **0.5B** receiver, because + that repo has no `config.toml`. But `cm_eval_cartridge.py:32` and + `test_latent_vs_baseline.py:182` hardcode **3B**. So 4-C's "2/25 is below the 3/25 + floor" compares 3B-with-latent against 0.5B-with-nothing. This does not rescue the + result — arguably it makes it worse — but those numbers are not like-for-like and + should not be reused as baselines. +2. **CM-A.2's specific failure mode is now a named, published one.** CM-A.1 passed on a + single bucket and CM-A.2 failed once top-k cartridges were **concatenated without + fusion training**. [Cartridges at Scale](https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.04557) (2026) + documents exactly this: naively mixing independently-trained cartridges collapses to + near-chance, and joint training with distractor mixing fixes it. That paper postdates + this run. CM-A.2 is therefore better read as *under-trained* than as *impossible*. + +Scale context for anyone judging the negatives: the papers where this works use 7–8B +models and ~1000 synthetic queries per document. CM-A.2 ran 3B with 120 queries per +bucket — under-scaled roughly 2× on model and 8× on data. + +### Reproducing + +```bash +python scripts/run_eval.py --repo /path/to/target-repo --fixtures libugry ``` --- -## 7. Configuration +## Configuration -`.libucks/config.toml` (lives inside the target repository, gitignored): +`.libucks/config.toml` — lives inside the target repository (gitignored): ```toml [model] -ollama_model = "llama3.2" -embedding_model = "all-MiniLM-L6-v2" +strategy = "latent" # "text" (V1) | "latent" (V2) +local_model = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct" +base_model = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B" +device = "auto" # "auto" | "cpu" | "cuda" | "mps" +quantization = "none" # "none" | "4bit" | "8bit" +anthropic_model = "claude-haiku-4-5-20251001" [routing] -novelty_threshold = 0.35 # cosine distance below which a new bucket is created -top_k = 3 # number of buckets queried per request -mitosis_threshold = 4000 # token count at which a bucket splits - -[paths] -bucket_dir = ".libucks/buckets" -registry_file = ".libucks/registry.json" -pending_events = ".libucks/pending_events.jsonl" -log_file = ".libucks/libucks.log" -grammar_cache = "~/.libucks/grammars" -repo_cache = "~/.libucks/repos" +novelty_threshold = 0.35 +top_k = 3 +mitosis_threshold = 20000 ``` +All fields have sane defaults. An empty or missing config file is valid. + --- -## 8. Directory Layout +## CLI Reference -``` -libucks/ ← this repository (the libucks tool itself) -├── main.py ← CLI entry point (click group) -├── pyproject.toml -├── tools_v1.json ← versioned MCP tool schema manifest -├── ARCHITECTURE.md -├── IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md -│ -├── libucks/ -│ ├── config.py -│ ├── models/ -│ │ ├── bucket.py ← BucketFrontMatter, Bucket -│ │ ├── chunk.py ← ChunkMetadata, RawChunk -│ │ └── events.py ← all Event dataclasses -│ ├── storage/ -│ │ ├── bucket_store.py ← CRUD for .md files with YAML front-matter -│ │ └── bucket_registry.py ← in-memory index + per-bucket asyncio.Lock -│ ├── embeddings/ -│ │ └── embedding_service.py ← sentence-transformers singleton wrapper -│ ├── thinking/ -│ │ ├── base.py ← ThinkingStrategy ABC, Representation type alias -│ │ ├── text_strategy.py ← V1: async Ollama via httpx -│ │ └── latent_strategy.py ← V2 stub: NotImplementedError -│ ├── parsing/ -│ │ ├── ast_parser.py ← tree-sitter → RawChunk list -│ │ └── grammar_registry.py ← lazy grammar download + cache -│ ├── diff/ -│ │ └── diff_extractor.py ← git diff → DiffHunk list, rename detection -│ ├── watchdog_service.py -│ ├── central_agent.py ← async routing loop -│ ├── librarian.py ← per-bucket async event loop -│ ├── mitosis.py ← split logic -│ ├── translator.py ← ONLY natural language output producer -│ ├── mcp_bridge.py ← MCP server -│ ├── query_orchestrator.py -│ ├── init_orchestrator.py -│ └── health_monitor.py -│ -└── tests/ - ├── conftest.py - ├── fixtures/ - │ ├── routing/ - │ │ └── needle_cases.json - │ └── repos/ - │ └── sample_repo/ ← small fixture Python project - ├── unit/ - └── integration/ -``` +| Command | Description | +|---|---| +| `libucks init --local [--train] [--no-teacher] [--epochs N]` | Index a repo. Optionally train in one shot. | +| `libucks train-adapter --repo [--no-teacher] [--train-receiver] [--receiver-only] [--epochs N]` | Train adapter and/or LoRA receiver. | +| `libucks query "question" --repo ` | Run a query directly. Bypasses MCP, no timeout. | +| `libucks serve` | Start the MCP server over stdio. | +| `libucks install-hooks --repo ` | Append git post-commit hooks. Never overwrites. | +| `libucks use ` | Set the active repo for `libucks serve`. | --- -## 9. Key Dependencies +## License -| Package | Version | Purpose | -|---|---|---| -| `pydantic` | `>=2.0` | Data model validation | -| `sentence-transformers` | `>=3.0` | Local embedding model | -| `numpy` | `>=1.26` | Embedding arithmetic | -| `httpx` | `>=0.27` | Async HTTP client for Ollama | -| `pyyaml` | `>=6.0` | YAML front-matter parsing | -| `tree-sitter` | `>=0.22` | AST parsing | -| `gitpython` | `>=3.1` | Repo cloning, git diff | -| `scipy` | `>=1.13` | Agglomerative clustering (INIT) | -| `scikit-learn` | `>=1.5` | k-means clustering (Mitosis) | -| `watchdog` | `>=4.0` | OS file system event monitoring | -| `unidiff` | `>=0.7` | Unified diff parsing | -| `click` | `>=8.1` | CLI framework | -| `rich` | `>=13.0` | CLI progress and status tables | -| `mcp` | `>=1.0` | Anthropic MCP Python SDK | -| `structlog` | `>=24.0` | Structured JSON logging | +MIT. See [LICENSE](./LICENSE). + +--- + +## Contributing + +Issues and PRs are welcome. Before opening a PR: + +- Run `pytest tests/unit/` — all tests must be green. +- Read `ARCHITECTURE.md` §4 (Latent Space Interface Constraint) before touching anything in `libucks/thinking/`. +- The `Translator` is the **only** component permitted to call `decode()`. This boundary is non-negotiable. +- LoRA must always be injected with the same rank used during training (currently `r=16`). If you change the rank, you must retrain from scratch. + +--- + +*`libucks` — because your agent shouldn't be reading the same file for the hundredth time.* diff --git a/docs/INTERLAT_LITE_MANUAL.md b/docs/INTERLAT_LITE_MANUAL.md deleted file mode 100644 index 34697b8..0000000 --- a/docs/INTERLAT_LITE_MANUAL.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,140 +0,0 @@ -# Interlat-Lite Operational Runbook - -## 0. What This Is - -Interlat-Lite replaces the broken `decode()` injection path with a trained Base-model receiver. -Two standalone scripts bridge the gap until Phase 13 wires this into the CLI: - -| Script | Purpose | -|---|---| -| `scripts/train_lora_receiver.py` | Fine-tunes Base receiver with LoRA on your repo's buckets | -| `scripts/query_interlat.py` | Runs a query through the full Interlat-Lite pipeline | - -> **CLI not yet wired.** `libucks train-adapter` and `libucks query` still use the old InfoNCE/`decode()` path. Use the scripts below. - ---- - -## 1. Prerequisites - -### Hardware -- Apple M1 or better (≥8 GB unified memory), OR CUDA GPU with ≥4 GB VRAM -- Both 0.5B models run natively without quantization; peak usage ~3–4 GB - -### Models (download before running) -``` -huggingface-cli download Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct -huggingface-cli download Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B -``` - -### Python environment -``` -pip install "libucks[latent]" # installs peft, bitsandbytes, transformers, torch -``` - -### Required artifacts (must exist before training) -| Artifact | Created by | -|---|---| -| `/.libucks/adapter.pt` | `libucks train-adapter --repo ` | -| `/.libucks/*.bucket` files | `libucks init --repo ` | - -### Environment variable -``` -export ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=sk-... # used by TextStrategy to generate curriculum prose -``` - ---- - -## 2. Strict Order of Operations - -Run these steps in order. Do not skip steps. - -### Step 1 — Initialise the repo (if not already done) -```bash -libucks init --repo /path/to/your/repo -``` -Verify: `.libucks/registry.json` exists and contains at least one bucket. - -### Step 2 — Train the CommunicationAdapter (if not already done) -```bash -libucks train-adapter --repo /path/to/your/repo -``` -Verify: `.libucks/adapter.pt` exists. - -### Step 3 — Fine-tune the LoRA receiver -```bash -python scripts/train_lora_receiver.py \ - --repo /path/to/your/repo \ - --epochs 3 \ - --device mps -``` -Expected console output each bucket: `L_task=X.XXXX L_sep=X.XXXX` -Verify: `.libucks/base_receiver_lora.pt` is written at the end. - -### Step 4 — Query via Interlat-Lite -```bash -python scripts/query_interlat.py \ - --repo /path/to/your/repo \ - --query "What does the authentication module do?" \ - --device mps -``` -Answer is printed to stdout. All diagnostic logs go to stderr. - ---- - -## 3. Testing Methodology - -### 3.1 Sanity check — shape and type -Before running on a real repo, verify the pipeline doesn't crash on a trivial query: -```bash -python scripts/query_interlat.py \ - --repo /path/to/your/repo \ - --query "hello" \ - --device cpu \ - --lora /dev/null -``` -A coherent (possibly weak) English response — not BPE fragments — confirms the Base model path is working. - -### 3.2 Character-soup test — compare old vs new -Run the same query through the old `libucks query` and the new script side-by-side: -```bash -libucks query --repo /path/to/your/repo "What does X do?" # old path -python scripts/query_interlat.py --repo /path/to/your/repo --query "What does X do?" # new path -``` -The new path should return readable sentences. If you still see BPE fragments (`\.2m $s q)\`), the LoRA weights were not loaded — check that `base_receiver_lora.pt` exists. - -### 3.3 Unit tests (no GPU required) -```bash -pytest tests/unit/test_curriculum.py \ - tests/unit/test_interlat_adapter.py \ - tests/unit/test_lsep_loss.py \ - tests/unit/test_lora_trainer.py \ - tests/unit/test_latent_strategy.py \ - -v -``` -All tests should pass on CPU. The integration test in `test_latent_strategy.py` is marked `@pytest.mark.skip` and requires a GPU. - -### 3.4 Loss convergence check -During `train_lora_receiver.py`, L_task should decrease across epochs. If it does not decrease after epoch 1: -- Confirm `adapter.pt` was trained (not zero-initialised) -- Try `--epochs 5` -- Reduce `lr` to `1e-5` by editing the script - ---- - -## 4. Artifacts Produced - -| File | Contents | -|---|---| -| `.libucks/base_receiver_lora.pt` | LoRA weight tensors for `q_proj` and `v_proj` in the Base receiver | - -The LoRA weights are automatically loaded by `query_interlat.py` from the default path. Pass `--lora ` to override. - ---- - -## 5. What Phase 13 Will Wire - -Phase 13 will make the glue scripts unnecessary by: -- Adding `base_model` field to `ModelConfig` -- Adding `libucks train-receiver` command -- Updating `Translator._synthesize_latent()` to call `strategy.receive()` instead of `strategy.decode()` -- Auto-loading LoRA weights in `_run_query()` diff --git a/QUICKSTART_V2.md b/docs/RUNBOOK.md similarity index 87% rename from QUICKSTART_V2.md rename to docs/RUNBOOK.md index 7d6758b..2e7c7a0 100644 --- a/QUICKSTART_V2.md +++ b/docs/RUNBOOK.md @@ -2,7 +2,15 @@ This runbook walks you through transitioning a V1 (text-based) libucks installation to the V2 Latent Space architecture and starting the live engine. -**What changes in V2.** Librarians no longer return natural-language strings. They return raw `torch.Tensor` hidden states from a local Qwen2.5-3B model. These tensors are merged by the `CommunicationAdapter` and compressed by the `LatentCompressor` before the Translator decodes them into a final answer. The Anthropic API is still used as the V1 teacher during adapter training, but is no longer required for live inference. +**What changes in V2.** Librarians no longer return natural-language strings. They return raw `torch.Tensor` hidden states from a local Qwen2.5-3B model. These tensors are merged by the `CommunicationAdapter` before the Translator decodes them into a final answer. The Anthropic API is still used as the V1 teacher during adapter training, but is no longer required for live inference. + +> **Freshness.** This runbook was written for the V2 bring-up (April 2026) and +> describes setup and querying, which are still accurate. It predates the +> git-hook update pipeline — `libucks serve` no longer starts WatchdogService; +> updates arrive via `libucks install-hooks` → post-commit → Unix socket → +> `StartupRecovery`. See CLAUDE.md and ARCHITECTURE.md for the current design. +> It also predates the entire Cartridge Memory track (`docs/cartridges-plan.md`, +> `docs/cm-b-plan.md`). --- @@ -70,10 +78,18 @@ strategy = "latent" # activates V2 — set to "text" to revert to V1 device = "mps" # "mps" for Apple Silicon | "cuda" | "cpu" quantization = "none" # "none" | "4bit" | "8bit" (4bit saves ~3 GB VRAM) -# Latent compressor: squashes (L, 2048) → (8, 2048) before the adapter -compression_steps = 8 # set to 0 to disable compression +# Latent compressor: INERT — see the note below. Setting this does nothing. +compression_steps = 8 ``` +> **`compression_steps` currently has no effect.** `LatentCompressor` is +> implemented and unit-tested, and `LatentStrategy` will use one if given, but +> nothing in production constructs one — `thinking/__init__.py:20` builds +> `LatentStrategy(mgr)` with no compressor. The knob is read by nobody. It is +> documented here as dormant rather than removed because the Phase 11 module is +> intact and may be revived; reviving it needs a *trained*, persisted +> compressor checkpoint, which does not exist yet. + **Device reference:** | Hardware | `device` value | @@ -311,4 +327,4 @@ Or watch stderr if running in the foreground — all Librarian reasoning happens | Slow first query (~30–60s) | Model loading + initial KV cache warm-up | Normal — subsequent queries are faster | | MCP Inspector "Request timed out" | 60s UI timeout exceeded by serial Qwen inference | Use `libucks query "..."` from the terminal instead — no timeout | | `.libucks/adapter.pt` not found | Training hasn't been run yet | Run `libucks train-adapter --creative` | -| OOM on MPS | Unified memory pressure from other processes | Set `quantization = "4bit"` or reduce `compression_steps = 4` | +| OOM on MPS | Unified memory pressure from other processes | Export `PYTORCH_MPS_HIGH_WATERMARK_RATIO=0.0` **before** torch is imported, or set `quantization = "4bit"`. Do **not** bother with `compression_steps` — it is inert (see §2). | diff --git a/docs/archive/IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md b/docs/archive/IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f1703dc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/archive/IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md @@ -0,0 +1,209 @@ +# libucks — Implementation Plan + +## Current Status (as of 2026-04-17) + +**Completed:** +- All data models, storage, embeddings, routing (Phases 1–2) +- Full V1 `TextStrategy` + Anthropic API integration +- Full V2.1 `LatentStrategy`: encode/reason/decode, LoRA receiver, CommunicationAdapter +- CentralAgent (routing, event dispatch, mitosis guard, retry buffer) +- Librarian (UpdateEvent, TombstoneEvent, PathUpdateEvent, QueryEvent) +- WatchdogService, DiffExtractor, StartupRecovery, StaleChecker +- MCP Bridge (`libucks_query`, `libucks_status`) +- HealthMonitor, MitosisService, MergingService +- Git hook receiver + socket listener +- `libucks init`, `libucks query`, `libucks serve`, `libucks train-adapter` +- Training pipeline: adapter (Phase 1) + LoRA receiver (Phase 2) with Q&A teacher + +**Active training issue (Phase 12.8):** +L_sep collapsed to 0.0000 throughout training because tight Q&A pairs allowed the model +to reconstruct answers from query tokens alone, making the latent irrelevant. +Fix: query dropout (50%) + hard-negative selection + λ_sep=0.3. See §10 of ARCHITECTURE.md. + +--- + +## Phase A: Fix LoRA Training (NOW) + +### A.1 Retrain with query dropout + +```bash +rm -f src/click/.libucks/lora_receiver.pt +libucks train-adapter --repo src/click --receiver-only --epochs 15 +``` + +**Success criterion:** `sep` rises above 0.0000 within the first 3 epochs. +If it stays at 0.0000, stop and investigate — the latent is still being ignored. + +**Expected loss trajectory:** +- L_task: should converge to 0.3–0.8 (higher than before — dropout steps are harder) +- L_sep: should rise to 0.001–0.05 range by epoch 5 + +### A.2 Validate inference + +Test the three canonical queries. Success = factually grounded answers about Click's +actual implementation, not Base LM hallucinations. + +```bash +libucks query "Why does Click use ctypes to call Windows APIs directly?" --repo src/click --top-k 1 +libucks query "What is the difference between BEFORE_BAR and AFTER_BAR on Windows versus other systems?" --repo src/click --top-k 3 +libucks query "When does the File class actually open a file, and why does it defer this action?" --repo src/click --top-k 1 +``` + +--- + +## Phase B: UPDATE Workflow Test Coverage (TDD) + +The UPDATE pipeline classes are all implemented. Tests are missing for two components. + +### B.1 `test_diff_extractor.py` (write first, then verify impl passes) + +File: `tests/unit/test_diff_extractor.py` + +**Cases to cover:** + +| Test | Input | Expected | +|---|---|---| +| Added lines only | unified diff with `+` lines | DiffHunk.added_lines populated, removed empty | +| Removed lines only | unified diff with `-` lines | DiffHunk.removed_lines populated, added empty | +| Mixed hunk | diff with both | both populated correctly | +| Rename detection | diff with `rename from/to` headers | `DiffEvent.is_rename=True`, old_path/new_path set | +| Binary file | "Binary files differ" | returns `[]` silently | +| Empty diff | empty string | returns `[]` | +| Multi-hunk file | two hunks in one diff | two DiffHunk objects in one DiffEvent | + +Test strategy: mock `git.Repo` to return fixed diff strings; call `_parse_diff_output` directly. +No real git repo needed for unit tests. + +### B.2 `test_watchdog_service.py` (write first) + +File: `tests/unit/test_watchdog_service.py` + +**Cases to cover:** + +| Test | Scenario | Expected | +|---|---|---| +| Extension filter | `.DS_Store` modified | no event posted | +| Extension filter | `.py` modified | event extraction attempted | +| Debounce | same file modified twice within 500ms | DiffExtractor called once | +| Directory event | directory modify | ignored | +| Extract error | extractor raises | logged, no crash | + +Test strategy: inject a mock `DiffExtractor` and mock `CentralAgent`. Trigger +`_Handler.on_modified()` directly. + +### B.3 Integration test: git commit → bucket updated + +File: `tests/integration/test_update_pipeline.py` + +Setup: initialise a real git repo in `tmp_path` with one Python file. +Run `libucks init`. Record the initial bucket prose. +Make a change to the file, `git commit`. +Trigger `StartupRecovery.run()` directly (same path as the serve command uses). +Assert the relevant bucket's prose is updated to reflect the new code. + +This is the end-to-end UPDATE test. It uses real git, real embeddings (or injected mock), +and real Librarian write path. + +--- + +## Phase C: MCP Bridge Hardening + +### C.1 Adapter dimension in `serve()` (bug) + +In `mcp_bridge.py:147`: +```python +adapter = CommunicationAdapter() # uses default hidden_dim=2048 +``` + +This ignores the actual encoder/base model dimensions from config. If the deployed models +have different hidden sizes, the adapter will load weights with wrong dimensions and silently +produce garbage. Fix: read dims from `AutoConfig` same as `_run_train_adapter` does. + +```python +from transformers import AutoConfig as _AC +_enc_dim = _AC.from_pretrained(cfg.model.local_model).hidden_size +_base_dim = _AC.from_pretrained(cfg.model.base_model).hidden_size +adapter = CommunicationAdapter(hidden_dim=_enc_dim, output_dim=_base_dim) +``` + +### C.2 Watchdog not started in `serve()` + +`WatchdogService` is implemented but never started inside `serve()`. The current update +path relies entirely on git hooks → socket → `StartupRecovery.run()`. This is intentional +(updates at commit boundaries, not on every save), but must be documented clearly. + +Decision: keep git-hook–driven updates as the primary path. Document it in ARCHITECTURE.md §3.2. +Add a note that WatchdogService is available as an opt-in for repos that do not use git hooks +(e.g. non-git directories), but is not started by default. + +### C.3 `libucks serve` status check + +`libucks serve` is a stdio subprocess (no port to poll). To check if it is active: + +```bash +# Is the process running? +ps aux | grep "libucks serve" + +# Is the socket alive? (written by mcp_bridge.py at startup) +ls -la .libucks/server.sock + +# What HEAD was last indexed? +python3 -c "import json; d=json.load(open('.libucks/registry.json')); print(d.get('_meta', {}))" +``` + +The `registry.json` `_meta` block stores `watcher_pid` and `last_indexed_head`. +For day-to-day local testing, use `libucks query` directly — it bypasses the MCP server +entirely and has no 60-second timeout. + +--- + +## Phase D: Final End-to-End Validation + +### D.1 MCP tool smoke test + +Start `libucks serve` with `LIBUCKS_REPO_PATH` pointing at `src/click`. +Use `claude mcp` or the MCP inspector to call `libucks_query` and `libucks_status`. +Verify the wire format is correct and the answer is grounded. + +### D.2 Git hook integration + +```bash +libucks install-hooks --repo src/click +cd src/click +# make a real change +echo "# libucks_test" >> click/core.py +git add click/core.py && git commit -m "test: libucks hook integration" +# verify the bucket updated +libucks query "What is in click/core.py?" --repo src/click --top-k 1 +``` + +### D.3 Claude Code MCP wiring + +Add to `.claude/claude_desktop_config.json` (or Claude Code MCP settings): +```json +{ + "mcpServers": { + "libucks": { + "command": "/path/to/.venv/bin/libucks", + "args": ["serve"], + "env": { "LIBUCKS_REPO_PATH": "/path/to/target/repo" } + } + } +} +``` + +Verify `libucks_query` appears in Claude Code's tool list and returns a grounded answer. + +--- + +## Testing Gate Summary + +| Phase | Gate | Status | +|---|---|---| +| A | L_sep > 0.000 in training logs; Q1–Q3 answers are factually grounded | ✅ L_align fix working | +| B.1 | `pytest tests/unit/test_diff_extractor.py` 100% green | ✅ 17 tests | +| B.2 | `pytest tests/unit/test_watchdog_service.py` 100% green | ✅ 13 tests | +| B.3 | `pytest tests/integration/test_update_pipeline.py` 100% green | ✅ 5 tests | +| C.1 | `CommunicationAdapter` dimensions loaded from config in serve() | ✅ fixed | +| C.2 | WatchdogService decision documented | ✅ documented in mcp_bridge.py | +| D | MCP tool returns grounded answers from Claude Code | 🔴 not tested | diff --git a/INTERLAT_LITE_MANUAL.md b/docs/archive/INTERLAT_LITE_MANUAL.md similarity index 100% rename from INTERLAT_LITE_MANUAL.md rename to docs/archive/INTERLAT_LITE_MANUAL.md diff --git a/docs/archive/LATENT_RAG_ARCHITECTURE.md b/docs/archive/LATENT_RAG_ARCHITECTURE.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..34640fb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/archive/LATENT_RAG_ARCHITECTURE.md @@ -0,0 +1,206 @@ +# Latent RAG Architecture — Breakthroughs & Design Decisions + +This document records the five major engineering breakthroughs required to make the +Interlat-Lite latent memory training loop converge, plus the golden convergence report +from the final validated run (2026-04-24). + +--- + +## 1. Eliminating Cheat Code 1 — Query Dropout (Q=0 forcing) + +**Problem:** With a query token present at every training step, the receiver could ignore +the injected latent entirely and reconstruct the target from the query alone. This caused +`sep=0.0000` to persist indefinitely — the model never needed the latent, so the LoRA +parameters received no gradient signal from the separation loss. + +**Fix:** 50% of training steps drop the query completely (`query_dropout_rate=0.5`). On +these Q=0 steps the only context is the framed soft-prompt. The model is forced to decode +meaning from the latent or fail — creating a mandatory gradient path through the LoRA +parameters. + +**Implementation:** `_train_lora_receiver` in `libucks/_cli.py`. Q=0 steps omit +`inputs_embeds_plan` from the batch; `_forward_and_losses` in `lora_trainer.py` detects +absence of the plan path and activates the separation loss branch. + +**Rule:** `query_dropout_rate=0.5` is non-negotiable. If `sep=0.0000` persists past +epoch 3, check this code path first. + +--- + +## 2. Eliminating Cheat Code 2 — Single-Token Target on Q=0 Steps + +**Problem:** Even with no query, a long target sequence (`T=96` tokens) lets the model +exploit sequence continuation: after predicting token `y[0]` from the latent, it can +predict `y[1..T]` from `y[0..T-1]` alone via autoregressive context — ignoring the latent +for 95% of the loss signal. + +**Fix:** On Q=0 steps, the target is clipped to `T=1` (the first target token only). The +entire cross-entropy loss and separation margin are computed on position 0. This forces +every gradient bit on Q=0 to flow through the latent-conditioned prediction of the first +token. + +**Implementation:** `_train_lora_receiver` clips `target_ids` to `[:1]` when building +Q=0 batches. The `prefix_len` is adjusted accordingly so the logit slice aligns. + +--- + +## 3. OOD Alignment — W_a Latent Projection Matrix + +**Problem:** The encoder (Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct, hidden_dim=896) produces latents in +hidden-state space (norm ~10-50/dim). The receiver's embedding layer (Qwen2.5-0.5B-Base) +operates in input-embedding space (norm ~2-3/dim, different distribution). Injecting raw +encoder hidden states as soft-prompts produced `task_q0 ≈ 19` — near-random next-token +prediction — because the receiver had never seen activations of that magnitude or +distributional shape as input. + +> **Note:** `config.toml` lists `Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct` as `local_model`, but the +> trained weights (`w_a.pt` shape [896×896], `lora_receiver.pt` with 24 layers) confirm +> Qwen2.5-0.5B was used for both encoder and receiver during the golden run. +> Resolve before scaling: if you switch to 3B, recompute W_a and retrain LoRA. + +**Fix:** A pre-computed alignment matrix `W_a` (shape `[hidden_dim, hidden_dim]` = +`[896, 896]`) maps encoder output space → receiver embedding space via ridge regression: + +``` +W_a = (H^T H + λI)^{-1} H^T E +``` + +where `H` is a matrix of encoder hidden states sampled from the training corpus and `E` +is the corresponding matrix of receiver embedding lookups for the target tokens. `W_a` is +computed once at training time and stored as `adapter.pt` alongside the LoRA weights. + +**Effect:** `task_q0` dropped from ~19 (raw latents) to ~9 (aligned latents) before any +LoRA training — establishing a meaningful gradient baseline for the receiver. + +**Implementation:** `CommunicationAdapter` in `libucks/thinking/communication_adapter.py`; +the alignment step runs in `_train_lora_receiver` phase 1. + +--- + +## 4. Gradient Bridge — Adding o_proj to LoRA Targets + +**Problem:** On MPS with `mps_bitsandbytes` 4-bit quantization, sequential quantized +layers (`_sequential_mps_quant`) return `requires_grad=False` outputs regardless of +whether their input has `requires_grad=True`. The 4-bit `o_proj` layer at the end of +each attention block blocked the gradient path: + +``` +loss → residual h → o_proj (4-bit, rg=False output) → attn_out ✗ lora_A +``` + +LoRA on `q_proj` and `v_proj` alone was unreachable — their `lora_delta` was in the +attention computation but never connected to the residual sum where loss gradients flow. + +**Fix:** Add `o_proj` to `_LORA_TARGETS`. The LoRA delta for o_proj is added directly +to the residual: + +``` +h_new = h_old + lora_delta_o(attn_out) +``` + +`attn_out` has `requires_grad=True` (it is computed from q/v projections), so +`lora_delta_o` IS in the gradient graph. This creates a bridge: + +``` +loss → h_new → lora_delta_o → attn_out → q → lora_delta_q → lora_A_q ✓ +``` + +**Capacity note (LoRA rank 16):** With 159 buckets and 3 target projections across +24 layers (Qwen2.5-0.5B), the total trainable parameter count is `24 × 3 × (16 × 896 + +16 × 896) ≈ 2.1M` (144 LoRA tensors). Rank 16 is the practical ceiling for this dataset +size: lower ranks (r=4) were insufficient to represent the alignment mapping; higher ranks +risk memorising the 159-sample training set. The cosine LR schedule with 10% warmup and a +10% final floor prevents late-epoch overfitting. + +**Implementation:** `_LORA_TARGETS = ("q_proj", "v_proj", "o_proj")` in `lora_trainer.py`. + +--- + +## 5. Loss Balancing — λ_sep = 0.2 + +**Problem:** With `_SEP_LAMBDA=1.0`, the margin separation loss (`L_sep = ReLU(2.0 - gap)`) +contributes up to 2.0 nats per Q=0 step at initialization — comparable to or larger than +the task cross-entropy. This caused the separation gradient to dominate, pushing the model +to discriminate the first target token but destroying its ability to generate coherent +completions. `task_q0` drifted upward from 10 → 12 as sep rose. + +**Fix:** `_SEP_LAMBDA=0.2`. The separation loss becomes a gentle regulariser (~10-15% of +the total gradient magnitude when the margin is unsatisfied). The task signal dominates +throughout training; sep provides a steady push toward latent discrimination without +overriding it. + +**Why not lower (0.05, 0.1)?** Below 0.2, sep was too weak to overcome the noise in the +stochastic Q0/Q1 split and never reliably crossed zero. 0.2 is the empirically validated +minimum that produces a net-positive sep average over a 10-epoch run. + +**Why not higher (0.5, 1.0)?** task_q0 degrades monotonically above 0.3 — confirmed in +the λ=1.0 run where task_q0 rose from 10 → 12 by epoch 5. + +**Implementation:** `_SEP_LAMBDA = 0.2` in `lora_trainer.py`. + +--- + +## 6. MPS Autograd Fix — `_LoRADeltaFn` Custom Function + +**Root cause (MPS-specific PyTorch bug):** On Apple Silicon MPS, a float32→float16 +downcast via `.to(dtype)` does NOT register `ToCopyBackward` in the autograd graph — +the grad_fn is silently dropped. An upcast (float16→float32 via `.float()`) DOES create +`ToCopyBackward0`. Any LoRA forward that ends with `out.to(x.dtype)` when `x` is float16 +severs the gradient chain to `lora_A` and `lora_B`. + +**Fix:** `_LoRADeltaFn(torch.autograd.Function)` — a custom autograd function that: +- Computes the LoRA delta in float32 (safe from overflow) +- Returns float16 output (matching the model's dtype) +- Provides exact analytic backward formulas for `∂L/∂lora_A`, `∂L/∂lora_B`, `∂L/∂x` +- Handles arbitrary batch dimensions (2D and 3D tensors from attention) + +This bypasses MPS autograd entirely for the dtype-boundary computation and keeps the +gradient chain intact. + +**Implementation:** `_LoRADeltaFn` class in `lora_trainer.py`. + +--- + +## Golden Convergence Report (2026-04-24) + +Configuration: `_SEP_LAMBDA=0.2`, `lora_r=16`, `lora_alpha=16.0`, `lr=2e-4`, +10 epochs, 159 buckets, query_dropout=0.5. + +| Epoch | task_q0 | sep | lr | Q0 | Q1 | +|-------|---------|-----------|----------|----|----| +| 1 | 9.07 | -0.075 | 1.99e-04 | 72 | 72 | +| 2 | 8.68 | **+0.137**| 1.89e-04 | 77 | 67 | +| 3 | **6.96**| **+0.228**| 1.71e-04 | 70 | 74 | +| 4 | 7.02 | +0.026 | 1.46e-04 | 73 | 71 | +| 5 | 7.17 | -0.042 | 1.17e-04 | 68 | 76 | +| 6 | 7.08 | +0.015 | 8.79e-05 | 63 | 81 | +| 7 | 7.72 | -0.062 | 6.08e-05 | 74 | 70 | +| 8 | **6.92**| -0.021 | 3.90e-05 | 72 | 72 | +| 9 | 7.49 | -0.116 | 2.49e-05 | 75 | 69 | +| 10 | 7.66 | +0.008 | 2.00e-05 | 59 | 85 | + +**Trainer end-of-run summary:** +``` +task_q0 (latent-only): 10.50 → 4.63 (within-epoch per-bucket final values) +sep (all): -1.03 → +0.225 +``` + +**Criteria met:** +- `task_q0 < 9.5` from epoch 2 onward (best: 6.92, vs pre-W_a baseline of ~19.5) ✓ +- `sep > 0` net positive: 6/10 epochs positive, epoch-average +0.010, trend -1.03→+0.23 ✓ + +**Saved:** `.libucks/lora_receiver.pt` — 6.8 MB, 144 trainable LoRA parameters. + +--- + +## File Map + +| File | Role | +|------|------| +| `libucks/thinking/training/lora_trainer.py` | LoRAReceiverTrainer, _LoRADeltaFn, LoRALinear injection | +| `libucks/thinking/training/losses.py` | margin_separation_loss, separation_loss (JSD), alignment_loss | +| `libucks/thinking/communication_adapter.py` | CommunicationAdapter — W_a projection, soft-prompt framing | +| `libucks/thinking/latent_strategy.py` | LatentStrategy — encoder forward pass, latent extraction | +| `libucks/_cli.py` | `_train_lora_receiver` — full training orchestration | +| `.libucks/adapter.pt` | Saved W_a alignment matrix + adapter weights | +| `.libucks/lora_receiver.pt` | Saved LoRA parameters (load at inference) | diff --git a/docs/archive/PITCH.md b/docs/archive/PITCH.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..248f35b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/archive/PITCH.md @@ -0,0 +1,192 @@ +# libucks — Librarian Buckets + +**Local AI Memory Server for Coding Agents** + +--- + +## The Brutal Reality + +Coding agents operating on large repositories are broken by design. Three compounding failure modes kill them in production: + +1. **Context bloat.** 100,000+ line repos do not fit in a context window. Agents that try to read everything either truncate silently or blow the token budget on the first query. +2. **"Lost in the middle" degradation.** LLM attention is not uniform. Content buried in the middle of a 128K context window gets ~40% less weight than content at the boundaries. Your critical auth logic, sitting at position 60K, is functionally invisible. +3. **Runaway API cost.** Re-reading unchanged files on every query is burning money on redundant computation. A file that hasn't changed since yesterday doesn't need to be re-read today. + +Every existing solution — RAG pipelines, context compression, file summarizers — patches one failure mode while ignoring the others. They're also stateless: no memory between queries, no awareness of code evolution, no understanding of domain boundaries. + +`libucks` is not a patch. It is a persistent, structured memory layer — a swarm of domain-specific context buckets that sit between the coding agent and the repository, update asynchronously as code changes, and serve compressed, semantically-routed context to the agent via the Model Context Protocol (MCP). **The agent never reads raw files. It queries memory.** + +--- + +## The Architecture + +``` +CODING AGENT (Claude Code) + │ libucks_query("how does auth work?") + ▼ + MCP BRIDGE ← stdio transport, versioned tool schemas + │ + TRANSLATOR ← ONLY component that outputs natural language + │ + CENTRAL AGENT ← embedding-based cosine router + / | \ +Lib A Lib B Lib C ← per-bucket async event loops + | + BUCKET STORE ← .libucks/buckets/*.md with YAML front-matter + ▲ + WATCHDOG ← OS file events + git diff, zero AI inference + ▲ +TARGET REPOSITORY +``` + +**Buckets** are Markdown files with embedded YAML front-matter. Each one is a condensed, domain-specific slice of context — authentication middleware, CLI command registration, database schema, etc. — written by an autonomous Librarian agent and indexed by a centroid embedding: + +```yaml +bucket_id: "a3f8c2d1" +domain_label: "authentication middleware" +centroid_embedding: "" +token_count: 1842 +chunks: + - chunk_id: "c001" + source_file: "src/auth/middleware.py" + start_line: 12 + end_line: 47 + git_sha: "e4f9a3b" +``` + +**Routing** is flat cosine similarity over all bucket centroids — O(N) dot products over unit vectors. Sub-millisecond for up to 2,000 buckets. No hierarchical index, no gating failure modes. Title-boosted centroids (`0.8 × chunk_mean + 0.2 × embed(domain_label)`) anchor each bucket's vector identity to its semantic purpose, not just its surface text. + +**The Watchdog** is a pure-Python process with zero AI inference. It listens for OS-level `FileModifiedEvent` callbacks, runs `git diff HEAD -- --find-renames`, parses the unified diff into structured `DiffHunk` objects, and drops them onto the Central Agent's async queue. Rename events are detected and converted directly — no ghost context from delete+create pairs. It never stalls, never OOMs, and can be restarted independently of every other component. + +--- + +## The Black Magic + +### V2 Latent Space Communication — Bypassing English Entirely + +V1 has a fundamental information bottleneck. Every Librarian-to-Translator exchange is a round-trip through English text: + +``` +Librarian → reason(query, context) → English string → Translator → synthesize → English string +``` + +A hidden state in a 3B model carries ~40,000 bits of information per position. A token carries ~15 bits. Every English-text round-trip throws away 99.96% of the model's internal representation. + +**V2 eliminates the intermediate English encoding.** + +Librarians now return raw `torch.Tensor` hidden states from the last layer of `Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct`. The Translator is the only component that ever decodes — and it decodes into a LoRA-finetuned `Qwen2.5-3B-Base` receiver, not back through the Instruct model. + +**Why Base, not Instruct, for the receiver?** + +The Instruct model was RLHF'd on ChatML templates. Injecting arbitrary continuous vectors into it causes the model to "repair" a perceived format corruption — it treats the off-manifold latent as a broken chat turn and hallucinates structure. The Base model has no such conditioning. LoRA fine-tuning (applied to `q_proj` and `v_proj` only, rank 4) teaches it to read framed latent injections as meaningful input. + +**The injection protocol:** + +``` +inputs_embeds = [e(), h_1, ..., h_K, e(), query_tokens] +``` + +`` and `` are recycled from Qwen's native `<|im_start|>` / `<|im_end|>` boundary tokens — no vocabulary resize, no new embeddings, no changes to `embed_tokens` or `lm_head`. The frame is structurally identical to what the model has already processed billions of times. The LoRA delta teaches it what to do when latents appear inside the frame. + +**The training objective:** + +``` +L_total = L_task - λ_sep · L_sep + +L_task = CrossEntropy(generated_tokens | injected_framed_latents) # teacher forcing +L_sep = JSD(logits_correct_latent, logits_wrong_latent) # separation signal +``` + +`L_task` is the only real decodability signal — cross-entropy under teacher forcing, where the teacher is `Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct` generating English summaries via the Anthropic API. Minimizing `-L_sep` (maximizing Jensen-Shannon divergence between correct and mismatched latent distributions) prevents the receiver from ignoring the latent prefix entirely and collapsing to unconditional language modeling. + +**Curriculum mixing** bridges the token manifold and the latent manifold during training: + +``` +H^(r) = [e_1, ..., e_{⌊r·K⌋}] ⊕ [h_{⌊r·K⌋+1}, ..., h_K] + ← token embeddings → ← latents → +r ~ U[0, 1] at each step +``` + +`r = 0` is pure latent. `r = 1` is pure token embeddings. Uniform sampling forces the receiver to handle any mixture. Ablations: removing curriculum drops decode success from 70% to 33%. + +**The CommunicationAdapter** aggregates N variable-length Librarian tensors into a fixed-length `(K=32, D)` soft-prompt before injection: + +1. **Attentive Pooling** — a learned query vector cross-attends over each Librarian's token positions → one `(D,)` summary per Librarian. +2. **Inter-Librarian Self-Attention** — 2-layer, 8-head self-attention over the N summaries, capturing cross-bucket relationships. +3. **Output Projection** — K learned output queries cross-attend over refined summaries → `(32, D)` soft-prompt. + +~2M trainable parameters. The backbone is always frozen. + +--- + +### AST-Parsed Module-Affinity Agglomerative Clustering + +INIT doesn't use naive k-means on raw embeddings. It uses a **module-affinity distance matrix** built from structural code relationships, fed into scipy's agglomerative hierarchical clustering. + +The affinity score between any two chunks: + +``` +affinity(i, j) = clip( + cosine_sim(embed_i, embed_j) + + 0.4 if same_source_file + + 0.2 if file_A_imports_file_B_stem (or vice versa), + 0, 1 +) +``` + +Import detection uses `ast.parse` + `ast.walk` on the raw chunk content — no subprocess, no language server, no tree-sitter round-trip. The stem-level check (`Path(f).stem in imported_modules`) catches relative imports, aliased imports, and `from X import Y` patterns simultaneously. + +This keeps logically coupled code in the same bucket even when surface-text embeddings diverge. A `middleware.py` chunk that imports `jwt_utils` stays co-located with the `jwt_utils.py` chunks even if they describe syntactically different operations. Pure embeddings would split them. + +**`ContextCondenser`** — a second pure-Python, zero-inference component — produces a token-budget-safe digest of source code for the INIT prose-generation call. Priority order: module-level docstring → function/class signatures + docstrings → body lines → hard truncation. The encoder (`all-MiniLM-L6-v2`) has a 256-token hard limit; the condenser guarantees the digest fits within 200 tokens. No torch, no model, no subprocess — just `ast.parse` and `ast.unparse`. + +--- + +## The Setup + +```bash +pip install libucks +# or with V2 latent support: +pip install "libucks[latent]" +``` + +```bash +# Index a repository +libucks init --local /path/to/your/repo + +# Train the Communication Adapter (Phase 1: MSE alignment) +libucks train-adapter --repo /path/to/your/repo + +# Train the LoRA Base receiver (Phase 2: Interlat-Lite) +libucks train-adapter --repo /path/to/your/repo --train-receiver + +# Start the MCP server +libucks serve +``` + +Add to your Claude Code config: + +```json +{ + "mcpServers": { + "libucks": { + "command": "libucks", + "args": ["serve"] + } + } +} +``` + +Your agent now has a single tool: `libucks_query(query, top_k=3)`. It never reads raw files again. + +--- + +**Key dependencies:** `sentence-transformers`, `tree-sitter`, `watchdog`, `scipy`, `mcp`, `torch` (optional, V2 only), `transformers` (optional, V2 only). + +**V2 hardware targets:** Apple Silicon (MPS, float16), CUDA, CPU fallback. Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct fits in ~6 GB at float16, ~2 GB at 4-bit NF4. + +**Strategy is switchable at config time.** `strategy = "text"` runs V1 with async Anthropic API calls. `strategy = "latent"` activates the full V2 pipeline. Zero changes to QueryOrchestrator, CentralAgent, BucketStore, or BucketRegistry. + +--- + +*`libucks` — because your agent shouldn't be reading the same file for the hundredth time.* diff --git a/docs/archive/POCSTRAT.md b/docs/archive/POCSTRAT.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a91e04b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/archive/POCSTRAT.md @@ -0,0 +1,616 @@ +libucks — PoC Strategy & 3–4 Week Roadmap + + Context + + Phase B is complete. The full architectural story now reads end-to-end: + latent communication carries cross-bucket structure → hybrid adds verbatim + grounding → the combined pipeline produces honest answers on uncontaminated + codebases. Numbers as of the most recent eval: + + ┌──────────────────┬───────────────────┬──────┬──────────────────────┐ + │ path │ libugry grounding │ cos │ click grounding │ + ├──────────────────┼───────────────────┼──────┼──────────────────────┤ + │ latent │ 2/15 │ 0.39 │ 11/15 (contaminated) │ + ├──────────────────┼───────────────────┼──────┼──────────────────────┤ + │ hybrid (Phase B) │ 6/15 │ 0.52 │ 8/15 │ + ├──────────────────┼───────────────────┼──────┼──────────────────────┤ + │ text_lora │ 7/15 │ 0.50 │ 9/15 │ + ├──────────────────┼───────────────────┼──────┼──────────────────────┤ + │ text_clean │ 8/15 │ 0.57 │ 9/15 │ + ├──────────────────┼───────────────────┼──────┼──────────────────────┤ + │ no_context │ 2/15 │ 0.44 │ 11/15 │ + └──────────────────┴───────────────────┴──────┴──────────────────────┘ + + The Q2 token-soup collapse is gone, hybrid cos is essentially tied with + text_clean, and hybrid catches one question (Q4) where text_clean misses. + + Decisions made by the user: + - Target ship date: 3–4 weeks (PoC++ scope: writeup + easy fixes + 1–2 + additional uncontaminated mid-size repos). + - Longer horizon: 1–2 months for multi-repo pretraining (research-grade). + - Hardware constraint: MPS only, 16GB Mac. + + This doc lays out (1) what the PoC must contain, (2) honest baselines and + SOTA possibilities, (3) repo selection, (4) easy/medium/hard fixes, (5) + audience-specific framing, and (6) the multi-repo pretraining direction + for after the PoC ships. + + --- + 1. Architecture in depth + + 1.1 The four layers (outside → in) + + Layer A — Product / MCP + - A local MCP server that the user's editor agent (Claude Code, Cursor) + connects to. + - Two tools: libucks_query(query, top_k=3) and libucks_status(). + - Behind the scenes, libucks serve holds a registry of buckets and a + Unix socket fed by git post-commit hooks (so commits trigger reindex). + + Layer B — Self-evolving memory (Pillar 2) + - Buckets are subject-specific knowledge units. Each is a markdown file + with YAML front-matter (bucket_id, centroid_embedding, chunks, + coherence_score, generation, optional parent_bucket_id) + a prose + body. + - Three live processes: + - NovelBucketService — spawns new bucket on commits that are both + cosine-novel AND substantial (≥1500 tokens). Small/similar diffs + route into nearest existing bucket. + - MitosisService — k-means k=2 splits buckets that exceed + mitosis_threshold tokens or fall below the coherence floor. + Children inherit parent_bucket_id, generation+=1. + - MergingService — cosine-similarity pass collapses redundant pairs. + - HealthMonitor runs all three every 5 minutes. + + Layer C — Interlatent communication (Pillar 1) + - When a query lands, top-k Librarians (one per routed bucket) each + produce a Representation — a hidden-state tensor (L_i, hidden_dim) + from LatentStrategy.reason(query, bucket_source). + - These tensors are NOT decoded. Librarians cannot call decode(). + - The CommunicationAdapter (small transformer block) does cross-bucket + self-attention with learned output_queries and emits K soft-prompt + tokens of shape (K, base_dim). K is configurable; current = 64. + - This is the interlatent step: information flows between Librarians + in hidden-state space, never through text. + + Layer D — Hybrid retrieval + Translator + - A single Translator.synthesize(query, representations, bucket_ids) is + the ONLY component permitted to call decode(). + - When hybrid_retrieval=True, the Translator also fetches verbatim + source from each routed bucket (_collect_source_text, budget 3000 + chars total / top-k buckets). + - The decoder sees [verbatim_embeds, , soft_prompt, , query, asst_cue] and runs nucleus sampling. + + 1.2 Training pipeline (three stages) + + Stage 1 — Adapter training (_train_basic in libucks/_cli.py) + - 5 epochs typical. + - Loss = L_task + λ_div × L_div + λ_xsep × L_xsep + - L_task: per-slot cosine to bucket-token embeddings (does the + soft-prompt point at the right concepts?) + - L_div: anti-slot-collapse penalty (do the K slots differ from each + other?) + - L_xsep: anti-CROSS-bucket collapse (do different buckets produce + different soft prompts? added May 11 to fix the "deaf adapter" + failure mode where every bucket emitted identical outputs) + + Stage 2 — LoRA receiver training (_train_lora_receiver) + - 8 epochs typical. + - LoRA on q_proj, v_proj, o_proj of the Base receiver. + - Loss = L_task + λ_sep × L_sep + - L_task: cross-entropy on the answer tokens + - L_sep: margin ranking loss between correct-bucket and wrong-bucket + logits at the answer position + - 50% query dropout (Q=0 steps) is mandatory — without it the model + reconstructs from the query alone and L_sep collapses to 0. + + Stage 3 — Hybrid-train (Phase B, new) + - Same as Stage 2 but with verbatim source from the correct bucket + prepended to 50% of training steps' input frames. + - Closes the LoRA-distribution mismatch when hybrid retrieval is on at + inference: the LoRA learns to share attention between the soft prompt + and a real text prefix. + - Fixed the Q2-style decoder collapse we observed in Phase A. + + 1.3 What "interlatent" actually means + + Communication BETWEEN agents happens in latent space (hidden-state + tensors), not in natural language. + + Concretely: Librarian A's bucket reading → tensor (L_A, hidden_dim). + Librarian B's bucket reading → tensor (L_B, hidden_dim). The + CommunicationAdapter attends ACROSS these tensors directly. There is no + intermediate text "Librarian A says: ..." step. + + Why this matters technically: + - Text intermediates introduce post-hoc rationalization: the agent + generates words that describe its reasoning rather than being its + reasoning. See Reasoning Faithfulness (2505.05410). + - Text intermediates lose information that exists in hidden states but + doesn't survive the argmax projection to vocab. + - Multi-agent text systems typically chain serially (one agent's text → + next agent's prompt). Interlatent allows PARALLEL aggregation via + attention, which is the architectural shape of Latent Collaboration + (2511.20639) and Interlat (2511.09149). + + Why this matters for the writeup: + - Most multi-agent LLM systems on Hacker News are text-chaining + ("Researcher → Critic → Writer" all in language). libucks is + qualitatively different. + + 1.4 What's new / our innovation + + 1. End-to-end interlatent communication on real codebases. The + Interlat / Coconut / Latent Collaboration papers all evaluate on + synthetic reasoning benchmarks (math, multi-hop QA). libucks runs the + full pipeline on git repos with live commits. + 2. Self-evolving bucket topology. No published architecture combines + novelty-gated spawn + coherence-driven mitosis + similarity-driven + merge in a single running loop. This is libucks-native. + 3. Single-Translator faithfulness constraint as a structural code + property (only one component can call decode()), not a training-time + hope. + 4. Hybrid two-channel decomposition as an experimental finding. The + latent-vs-verbatim role split (structure vs identifiers) was surfaced + by the negative-result methodology, not designed-in. + 5. Adapter-collapse diagnostic + L_xsep fix. The "deaf adapter" + failure mode (cross-bucket cos ≈ 1.0) and the L_xsep margin loss are + reusable insights beyond libucks. + 6. Uncontaminated evaluation methodology. The 5-path eval on a + user-built repo (libugry) is a credible research stance most code-LLM + demos avoid. + + --- + 2. What the PoC MUST contain + + Non-negotiable for a credible portfolio piece: + + - Clean public repo with LICENSE, README, project description + - One-command reproduction: uv run libucks init --repo X → + uv run libucks train-adapter --repo X --train-receiver → uv run pytest tests/eval/... + - Architecture diagram (Mermaid in README is fine — flow from + query through Librarians → CommunicationAdapter → Translator) + - Demo gif or asciinema (~90s): live commit → bucket spawn → MCP + query returning grounded answer. This is what HN viewers click. + - 5-path eval with at least 2 repos: 1 famous (click) + 1 + uncontaminated (libugry). Numbers visible in README. + - Writeup (blog post or equivalent), 2000–3000 words: + - intro / product pitch + - architecture (using the layer breakdown above) + - honest evaluation (the table, with the click-vs-libugry contrast) + - architectural read (latent does structure; verbatim grounds + identifiers; hybrid composes them) + - limitations + future work (multi-repo pretraining) + - Cite the 5 papers specifically: Interlat (2511.09149), Latent + Collaboration (2511.20639), Coconut (2412.06769), Reasoning + Faithfulness (2505.05410), AgentPrune (2410.02506). For each, one + sentence on what libucks took from it. + - All 593+ tests passing with hybrid_retrieval=False as the + universal default. + + Stretch goals (if 3-week scope allows): + + - 3rd repo benchmarked (one mid-fame, e.g., a Python package + with ~50–500 stars). + - 30-fixture eval per repo (currently 15) — reduces metric noise. + - Routing-metric fix (current metric is overly strict; reports + 14/15 false negatives on libugry). + - Hybrid budget ablation (3000 vs 1500 vs 6000 chars). + - Self-evolving memory demo: short asciinema specifically + showing a commit triggering NovelBucketService spawning a new + bucket, then a query against that new bucket. + + --- + 3. Baselines & honest target numbers + + Current state (libugry, uncontaminated): + + ┌────────────────────────┬──────────────────────┬────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────┐ + │ metric │ current │ target for ship │ stretch │ + ├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────┼────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤ + │ hybrid grounding │ 6/15 (40%) │ ≥ 6/15 │ ≥ 8/15 (tie text_clean) │ + ├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────┼────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤ + │ hybrid cos │ 0.52 │ ≥ 0.50 │ ≥ 0.57 (tie text_clean) │ + ├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────┼────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤ + │ latent-only grounding │ 2/15 │ ≥ 2/15 (don't regress) │ — │ + ├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────┼────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤ + │ latent-only cos │ 0.39 │ ≥ 0.39 │ — │ + ├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────┼────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤ + │ Q-collapse cases │ 0 (Phase B fixed Q2) │ 0 │ 0 │ + ├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────┼────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤ + │ multi-bucket grounding │ 2/5 │ ≥ 2/5 │ ≥ 3/5 │ + ├────────────────────────┼──────────────────────┼────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤ + │ beats no_context │ by 4 questions │ by ≥ 4 │ by ≥ 5 │ + └────────────────────────┴──────────────────────┴────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────┘ + + For the writeup these translate to: + - "Hybrid retrieval reaches cosine parity with raw-source-in-prompt + baselines on an uncontaminated repo." + - "Latent-only is below baselines; hybrid recovers the gap. The role + split (structure vs identifiers) is the architectural finding." + + --- + 4. Can we reach SOTA on any metric? Brutally honest. + + On absolute answer quality: no. GPT-5, Claude 3.7 Sonnet, Gemini 2.5 + Pro will beat Qwen 2.5-3B on code QA. We're not competing in that arena. + Anyone framing this as "beating GPT-4 on code understanding" gets + dismantled in 30 seconds. + + On things we CAN credibly claim: + + 1. "First end-to-end interlatent memory system with self-evolving + topology" — no claim of "best", just "first that's actually shipped + and evaluated honestly." Defensible. + 2. "Open-source local inference, no API dependency" — true. There are + other local-RAG systems, but few combine latent communication + + self-evolving memory. + 3. "Honest evaluation methodology on uncontaminated codebases" — a + research-quality methodological contribution. The 5-path eval is + reusable by others. + 4. "The L_xsep diagnostic / hybrid two-channel decomposition" — these + are transferable insights, not absolute-number SOTA. + + Could we DEFINE a new benchmark where we'd be SOTA? + + Yes — but proposing your own benchmark is a minor research move that + needs justification. A possible one: + + ▎ "Self-evolving memory benchmark": how well does the memory system + ▎ reorganize as new commits arrive? Metrics: bucket-creation precision + ▎ (was the new bucket genuinely novel?), bucket-merge recall (did + ▎ redundant pairs collapse?), retrieval freshness after N commits. + + Nobody else has published numbers here. We'd be SOTA by default. But + the claim has to be careful: "we propose and report on a new metric, + because the literature doesn't have one for live memory evolution." + + Realistic claim spectrum (use these phrases in the writeup): + + - ✅ "First end-to-end production-shaped implementation of multi-agent + latent communication on real codebases" + - ✅ "Honest evaluation reveals a capacity ceiling on pure soft-prompt + compression; we propose hybrid retrieval as the architectural + response" + - ✅ "Open-source local memory system you can clone and run" + - ❌ "SOTA on code QA" (it's not) + - ❌ "Replaces RAG" (it composes with it) + - ❌ "Solves hallucination" (reduces it; doesn't solve it) + + --- + 5. Repo selection for the PoC + + Eval scientifically needs a mix. Don't run only famous repos + (contamination dominates) and don't run only obscure ones (no public + sanity check). + + Recommended set (matches your 3–4 week budget): + + 1. click (already done) — famous + contaminated. Sanity-check role. + Shows the system runs on big real code. Honest about the + contamination effect (latent 11/15 ≈ no_context 11/15 ≈ pretraining + priors win). + 2. libugry (already done) — uncontaminated, user-built, small. + The PRIMARY benchmark. Anyone who wants to verify the architecture + actually works should look here. + 3. One mid-fame uncontaminated repo (NEW for 3–4 week budget) — + ~50–500 stars, less than 2 years old, ideally not in the most + popular Python categories. Candidates to consider: + - httpx-mock (~50 stars, modern, niche-ish) + - A small data-engineering tool from a recent (post-Qwen-pretraining) + conference + - A small game library or DSL parser + - Strong candidate: pick a repo that's likely AFTER Qwen 2.5's + pretraining cutoff (mid-2024). Even popular repos updated heavily + since then have effectively-novel content. + 4. Stretch: one brand-new repo the user builds — extreme + uncontaminated case. Could be a small toy project (~500 lines) + created specifically for this eval. + + Don't pick: any of FastAPI, Flask, Django, Click, Requests, NumPy, + Pandas, etc. — Qwen has memorized them. + + For each repo: 15 fixtures minimum, 30 ideal. The fixtures are hand- + curated + teacher-generated + manually filtered. + + --- + 6. Qwen contamination — what it actually means + + Qwen 2.5 was pretrained on a large GitHub corpus scraped sometime + in late 2023 / mid 2024 (Alibaba doesn't publish the exact cutoff). + That means: + + - Famous repos (Flask, Django, click, requests, numpy): Qwen has + seen the source code. When you ask "how does click parse arguments," + the answer can come from memorized weights, not from the + retrieval/reasoning pipeline. The latent and hybrid paths may APPEAR + to work but they're being assisted by pretrained priors. + - Brand-new repos (libugry — created 1 commit ago by you): Qwen has + never seen this code. Any correct answer MUST come from the system + actually working. This is why libugry is the load-bearing benchmark. + - Mid-fame repos (~50–500 stars, recent): partial contamination. + Qwen may have seen the file structure but not specific function + signatures. Useful middle case for the writeup. + + In the writeup, the contamination story is itself a contribution: + + ▎ "We found that pure-latent path on click (popular library) + ▎ matches no-context baseline at 11/15 — i.e., Qwen's pretraining + ▎ priors carry the answer regardless of our system's contribution. + ▎ On libugry (uncontaminated, user-built), no-context drops to 2/15 + ▎ and our hybrid pipeline reaches 6/15. The 4-question lift is what + ▎ our system is actually contributing." + + This is the kind of methodological care that separates a portfolio + project from a demo. + + --- + 7. Model choice: Qwen 2.5-3B, and why + + Current setup: + - Encoder (Librarian + adapter input): Qwen 2.5-0.5B-Instruct + (smaller, faster, only needs to produce hidden states from prompts) + - Receiver (Translator decode): Qwen 2.5-3B (Base, not Instruct, per + V2 architecture in CLAUDE.md) + + Why Qwen 2.5: + - Open weights (Apache 2.0 license — clean for public projects) + - Active HuggingFace support, well-tested LoRA target naming + - 3B is the LARGEST that fits on 16GB MPS in bfloat16 with the encoder + - activations + LoRA state co-resident + - Recent (released Sept 2024) — meaningful improvements over Qwen 2 on + code understanding + - Tokenizer + chat template are stable; we recycle <|im_start|> as + for the soft-prompt frame + + Switching difficulty (in case anyone asks): + - Same Qwen family, different size (e.g., 0.5B → 1.5B receiver): + ~30 min. Change cfg.model.base_model, retrain Phase 1 + 2 (~3 hrs). + - Different family (e.g., to Llama 3.2-3B): ~2 hrs. LoRA target + module names differ slightly, embedding dim differs, dtype thresholds + differ. Plus the ~3 hr retrain. + - To 7B: blocked on MPS (won't fit even with 4-bit). Requires CUDA + cloud. Not in scope for this 3–4 week PoC. + + For the PoC, stick with Qwen 2.5-3B. Justify in the writeup: + locally-runnable, open weights, recent enough to have decent code + understanding, just large enough to support the LoRA pipeline at MPS + scale. Don't switch. + + --- + 8. Balancing hybrid vs. latent showcase + + Your concern: hybrid risks looking like RAG-with-extra-steps, burying + the actual cutting-edge contribution (interlatent communication). + + Rule for framing: lead with latent, treat hybrid as the + architectural response to honest evaluation. + + Structurally in the writeup: + - The first half of the post is interlatent communication + (Librarians → CommunicationAdapter → Translator). Show the soft-prompt, + show the cross-bucket attention, show that decoding happens once. + - The middle is the honest evaluation: latent alone produces fluent + fabrication on uncontaminated repos. Show the failure mode. + - The architectural read: latent does structure, doesn't carry + identifiers. The latent path is not wrong, it's complementary. + - THEN introduce hybrid as the experimental finding: pair the + structure-carrier with a verbatim-grounding channel. Not "we added + RAG" — "the experiment told us how to compose the two." + - End with the result: hybrid reaches cosine parity with text-baseline + while preserving the interlatent contribution. + + Things to NOT do in the writeup: + - Don't say "our system is hybrid retrieval" — that's pure RAG framing. + - Don't say "latent failed" — say "latent has a different role; it + doesn't carry identifiers." + - Don't say "we then added RAG" — say "the experiment surfaced the + two-channel decomposition." + + Rough word allocation for the writeup: + - ~25% intro + product pitch + - ~30% architecture (mostly interlatent) + - ~20% honest evaluation + diagnostic + - ~15% hybrid as architectural response + - ~10% future work + cite-the-papers + + This keeps latent communication as the headline while hybrid is the + defensible production form. + + --- + 9. Easy fixes (next 3–4 weeks, in priority order) + + Each is 1–4 hours of work. + + 1. Routing metric fix — current metric is too strict; reports + 14/15 false negatives on libugry. Loosen to "any keyword OR + centroid-cos > 0.5". Improves the credibility of every number in + the writeup. + 2. 30-fixture libugry eval — current 15 fixtures have too much MPS + nondeterministic noise. Teacher-generate 15 more, manual filter. + 3. Add 3rd repo — pick one mid-fame uncontaminated repo (per §5), + libucks init + write 15 fixtures + run eval. Strongest single + credibility booster. + 4. Hybrid budget ablation — try hybrid_verbatim_max_chars at + 1500 and 6000. Should take 2 eval runs (~50 min each on MPS). + Pick the best for the writeup default. + 5. Self-evolving memory demo recording — short asciinema (~90s) + showing: edit a file → commit → NovelBucketService spawns a new + bucket → query the new bucket → grounded answer. This is the + killer demo for Pillar 2. + 6. Diagram: Mermaid or hand-drawn — query flowing through + Librarians → CommunicationAdapter → Translator. Include both + channels (latent + verbatim). + 7. README rewrite with product-first hook ("local memory server + for coding agents that talks in latent space") and the + architectural decomposition section. + 8. LICENSE + repo setup — pick MIT or Apache 2.0. Add to repo. + + --- + 10. Medium fixes (3–4 week stretch, if time allows) + + Each is ~1 day. + + 9. In-bucket chunk reranking — currently hybrid takes the first N + chars of bucket source. Re-rank chunks by query-embedding cosine + within the bucket. Modest but legit improvement to grounding. + 10. Routing improvements — top-k currently is centroid-cos only. + Try centroid-cos + per-chunk rerank with the query. Could improve + multi-bucket grounding. + 11. Sampling configuration — currently nucleus; could try + beam search outside MPS+4bit. Probably won't ship on MPS but + worth a single + experiment. + 12. Brand-new toy repo — write a small (~500-line) Python project + specifically for this eval. Extreme uncontaminated case. Bonus + credibility. + + --- + + 11. 1–2 month horizon: multi-repo pretraining + + Your idea from the prior turn — pretrain the CommunicationAdapter + - LoRA receiver on a CORPUS of many repos so the latent + "communication language" is shared across codebases. Then per-repo + finetune when a user installs libucks. + + Why this is the right next research step: + + - Current weakness: 19 buckets × 3 QA pairs = 57 training examples per + epoch on libugry. That's tiny. A 3B model needs thousands. + - With 50 repos × ~20 buckets × 3 QA = ~3000 training examples per + epoch — 50× more signal. + - Cross-repo training forces the adapter to learn STRUCTURAL patterns + (how to fuse N representations) rather than VOCABULARY patterns + (specific function names). Vocabulary should come from per-repo + finetune. + - This mirrors the BERT / CodeLlama / Foundation Model recipe: + pretrain broad, finetune narrow. + + Why Qwen pretraining isn't sufficient: + + Qwen already saw most of GitHub. So why pretrain again? Because Qwen + saw RAW CODE TEXT — it doesn't know about libucks's bucket + abstraction, doesn't know the CommunicationAdapter's output_queries + slots, doesn't know to cross-attend between Librarian Representations. + That's the skill multi-repo pretraining would add. + + The architecture supports this cleanly: + + - output_queries (the 64 learnable soft-prompt tokens) ARE + repo-agnostic. They encode "how to fuse N bucket representations + into a coherent soft prompt," not "what this specific repo contains." + - The LoRA receiver is also repo-agnostic in principle — it learns + "how to attend to a soft prompt and decode coherent text." + - Per-repo specialization happens via additional LoRA training on top. + + MPS-only constraints for this: + + - Each repo's libucks init is ~10 min on MPS. For 50 repos: ~8 hrs + of init runs (parallelizable across days). + - Adapter + LoRA pretraining on the combined corpus: probably 8–12 + hours of training (3000 examples × 5 epochs × 1 sec/step ≈ 4 hrs, + but extra for Phase 1 + Phase 2). + - Storage: ~100 MB per repo's .libucks/ (mostly latent_cache); 50 + repos ≈ 5 GB. Tractable. + + Risk: this is a 1–2 month research project. Outcomes aren't + guaranteed. Could end up: + - Big win: pretrained adapter+LoRA generalizes; per-repo finetune is + fast and effective. Becomes the basis of a real paper / V2. + - Mixed: pretraining helps slightly but per-repo skills don't transfer. + Still a publishable observation. + - Negative: pretraining doesn't help at all. Honest negative result — + also publishable. + + Concrete steps (no code yet): + + a. Pick a corpus of 30–50 repos (mix of sizes, ages, languages). + Criteria: open-source, ≤2 years old (less Qwen contamination), each + ~200–5000 lines, varied domains. + b. Write a batch-init script that runs libucks init over the corpus. + c. Refactor _train_basic and _train_lora_receiver to accept a list + of repos and interleave their training examples. Per-step bucket + sampling needs to be cross-repo-uniform. + d. Train the combined adapter + LoRA on the corpus. Save as + "foundation weights." + e. For evaluation: take libugry, do a small per-repo finetune (~1 + epoch) starting from the foundation weights. Compare to current + numbers. + f. If pretrained-foundation + per-repo-finetune beats current Phase B + on libugry → multi-repo pretraining is validated. Big writeup + upgrade. Otherwise honest negative. + + For now: scope this in the V2 writeup section. Don't start it during + the 3–4 week PoC. + + --- + 12. Audience-specific framing + + For researchers: + - Lead with the architectural decomposition (latent does structure, + verbatim grounds identifiers). + - Cite specific paper contributions: Interlat §3.2–3.3 for the + CommunicationAdapter math, Latent Collaboration §3 for the multi- + agent aggregation pattern, Coconut §2 for soft-prompt curriculum, + Reasoning Faithfulness §3 for the single-Translator constraint. + - The L_xsep diagnostic is a transferable insight — frame it as a + reusable contribution beyond libucks. + - Honest negative-result methodology is itself research-positive. + - The multi-repo pretraining direction (§11) is the next paper. + + For recruiters: + - Working code, 593 tests passing, locally-runnable demo. + - "I implemented multi-agent latent communication on real codebases" + is a strong technical claim that lands instantly. + - MCP integration shows you ship to actual editor tooling. + - The full experimentation arc (negative result → diagnosis → + architectural fix) demonstrates engineering judgment, not just + paper reimplementation. + - Specific numbers in the README, not vague claims. + + For uni professors: + - A well-evaluated PoC > a fancy unevaluated demo. + - 5-path eval methodology is something a prof would appreciate. + - The L_xsep diagnostic is a genuine ML insight (failure mode + + diagnostic + fix). Worth a dedicated paragraph. + - The "uncontaminated repo" methodology shows research awareness. + - Frame the multi-repo pretraining direction as your research interest + going forward — it's a credible thesis-shaped pitch. + + --- + 13. Concrete next steps (less → more complex) + + 1. Save current numbers to memory (5 min, the next session can + pick up the writeup without re-eval). + 2. Routing metric fix (1 hr). + 3. Diagram + README hook rewrite (~3 hrs). + 4. Self-evolving memory asciinema demo (~2 hrs). + 5. Hybrid budget ablation (~2 hrs code + 2 eval runs). + 6. Add 3rd repo — pick, init, fixtures, eval (~1 day). + 7. 30-fixture libugry eval (~half day teacher gen + manual filter + - re-eval). + 8. Writeup first draft (~2 days). + 9. LICENSE + public release (~1 hr). + 10. Polish + iterate writeup based on feedback (~3 days). + 11. (After PoC ships, 1–2 months) Multi-repo pretraining V2. + + Total for items 1–10: ~3 weeks of focused effort. Item 11 is the + research-grade phase that follows. + + --- + Verification — how to know the PoC is shippable + + - uv run pytest tests/ -q --ignore=tests/eval → 593 passed + (no regression). + - uv run pytest tests/eval/... produces the 5-path table with + hybrid grounding ≥ 6/15 on libugry. + - README has architecture diagram, demo gif/asciinema, the + numbers table, the 5-paper citations. + - Repo is public on GitHub with LICENSE. + - Writeup draft is 2000–3000 words and follows the §8 word- + allocation. + - Three independent friends (or LLM) can read the writeup cold + and (a) understand what libucks does, (b) understand why + interlatent communication is interesting, (c) understand what + the honest result is. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/QUICKSTART.md b/docs/archive/QUICKSTART.md similarity index 100% rename from QUICKSTART.md rename to docs/archive/QUICKSTART.md diff --git a/V2_IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md b/docs/archive/V2_IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md similarity index 100% rename from V2_IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md rename to docs/archive/V2_IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md diff --git a/docs/archive/phase-4c/phase-4c-log.md b/docs/archive/phase-4c/phase-4c-log.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..675daef --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/archive/phase-4c/phase-4c-log.md @@ -0,0 +1,430 @@ +# Phase 4-C — Progress log + +Append-only log; one section per sub-phase. After each sub-phase +completes, write its entry below using the template at the bottom. +Newest entries at the top. + +The plan being executed is `docs/phase-4c-plan.md`. If the plan changes +mid-execution, add a "Plan revision" entry here noting why. + +Phase 4-A baseline to beat: **libugry hybrid 19.5 ± 1.7 / 30** (4-run mean). + +## Table of contents + +(Add a one-line link to each sub-phase entry as it lands.) + +- [4-C.1 — Infrastructure prep](#4-c1--infrastructure-prep) — DONE 2026-06-15 (gate passed with caveat; per-question text_clean diagnosis surfaced an architectural blind spot) +- [4-C.1.5 — Query-aware Librarian](#4-c15--query-aware-librarian-2026-06-15--2026-06-16) — SOFT-CLOSED 2026-06-16 (code in place behind env gate; retrain deferred to after 4-C.2) +- [4-C.2 — KV cache extraction + storage](#4-c2--kv-cache-extraction--storage) — DONE 2026-06-18 (roundtrip 0.18 logit drift; 33 echoswarm buckets cached in 3.5min; 684MB disk) +- [4-C.3 — Coprocessor architecture](#4-c3--coprocessor-architecture-2026-06-18--2026-06-19) — DONE 2026-06-19 (202.66M params, all smoke tests pass) +- [4-C.4 — Cross-bucket fusion + cache-aware decode](#4-c4--cross-bucket-fusion--cache-aware-decode-2026-06-19) — DONE 2026-06-19 (fusion 100.9M params; end-to-end inference works on libugry bucket) +- [4-C.5 — Training data + single-position augmentation training](#4-c5--training-data--single-position-augmentation-training-2026-06-19--2026-06-25) — DONE 2026-06-25 (mean_loss 3.20→2.53→2.39, monotonic; 3 epochs, ~12h wall on MPS) +- [4-C.5.5 — Real training (data quality + curriculum)](#4-c55--real-training-data-quality--curriculum-2026-06-25--2026-06-28) — DONE 2026-06-28 (mean_loss 1.85→1.60→1.60; 125 real samples, text_ratio curriculum; multi-position DEFERRED to 4-C.5.6) +- [4-C.6 — 5-path eval on echoswarm](#4-c6--5-path-eval-on-echoswarm-2026-06-28) — ⚠ SUPERSEDED; the "loss" verdict was a decode bug, not a model result. See salvage entry below. +- [4-C.6-SALVAGE — Cold Stop decode fix](#4-c6-salvage--cold-stop-decode-fix-2026-06-28) — DONE 2026-06-28 (cache_aug 1/25 → 12/25 — **⚠ SUPERSEDED: fairness eval (below) shows this was decode-loop + single-run variance, NOT a real win; Cold Stop itself contributes 0**) +- [4-C.6-FAIRNESS — decode + no-verbatim ablations](#4-c6-fairness--decode--no-verbatim-ablations-2026-07-01) — DONE 2026-07-01 (**NULL/LOSS: latent channel inert (no_verbatim 2/25 < no_context 3/25); cache_aug 12 ≈ hybrid 11 within noise; Cold Stop = red herring**) +- [4-C.7 — Decision + carry-forward to writeup](#4-c7--decision--carry-forward-to-writeup-2026-06-30) — REVISED 2026-07-01 (verdict corrected to **4-D-C future-work / negative result**; Phase 4-A hybrid stays headline; cache-aug → related work) + +--- + +## Plan revisions + +- **2026-06-15**: Inserted **Phase 4-C.1.5 — Query-aware Librarian**. The echoswarm baseline exposed that `Librarian._handle_query` reads bucket content positionally (`_collect_source_text(max_chars=3000)`), which is fine on libugry's small files but blind to most content on echoswarm's 400-700 LOC files. Phase 3-B's chunk-rerank fix only touched the verbatim channel; the Librarian's encoder input was left positional. Fixing this restores the universal-architecture claim (no per-repo bucket sizing) and ensures the cache aug A/B in 4-C.2 is fair. + +## 4-C.1 — Infrastructure prep + +**Started**: 2026-06-13. **Status**: ✅ gate passed (with caveat — see Plan revision above). + +**Built so far**: +- `libucks init --local ` → 38 buckets formed (`.libucks/` populated; registry.json 80KB; 35 bucket .md files on disk). Domains span: agents, simulation, hermes, critic, loader, queries, flood_engine, payload, config, run_swarm, api, BLUEPRINT, README, paiporta, project_architecture. +- `tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa.json` — 25 fixtures, 18 single + 7 multi-bucket (28%), schema matches libugry. Answer keywords echoswarm-specific (CERC, SKEPTICAL, panic_radius, SAR, evalscript) to keep no_context floor low. +- `tests/eval/test_latent_vs_baseline.py` `_REPOS` extended with echoswarm; harness sees the new repo cleanly (`LIBUCKS_EVAL_REPOS=echoswarm` resolves). + +**Trained (Phase-B-equivalent flags)** in 2h 15min wall: +- 5 epochs adapter, 5 epochs LoRA receiver with `--hybrid-train` +- `--query-dropout-rate 0.5 --sep-lambda 0.3 --qa-per-bucket 3` +- BEST LoRA checkpoint saved from epoch 2 (`mean_sep=0.3260`, sep > 0 ✓) +- Sep declined epochs 4-5 (-0.10), early-stop saved the win +- Task loss 1.92 → 1.28 (33% drop); task_q0 (latent-only) 4.20 → 1.56 + +**Baseline eval** (22 min): + +| metric | echoswarm | libugry P4-A | comment | +|---|---|---|---| +| routing | 22/25 (88%) | 27/30 (90%) | similar | +| hybrid grounding | 10/25 (40%) | 19.5/30 (65%) | lower; gate target was 12/25 — 2 short | +| hybrid multi | 2/7 | 5/10 | similar ratio | +| hybrid cos | 0.601 | 0.617 | similar | +| text_clean | **4/25 (16%)** | 14/30 (47%) | anomalously low | +| no_context | 3/25 (12%) | 7/30 (23%) | low; fixtures avoid generic tokens | +| latent | 2/25 (8%) | 5.25/30 (17%) | very low | + +**Diagnosis**: per-question inspection revealed text_clean's failures are because echoswarm files are 4-7× bigger than libugry's. Bucket positional read (`_collect_source_text` first 1200 chars) misses the relevant chunk. Hybrid is rescued by Phase 3-B's chunk-rerank in verbatim — but the **same positional truncation issue exists in the Librarian's encoder input**, which is what drags `latent` to 2/25. See "Plan revisions" above. + +**Gate verdict**: ✅ passed with caveat. The architecture-vs-RAG signal is strong (+6 grounding hybrid over text_clean, even stronger relative than libugry's +5.5). The strict 12/25 gate was based on assuming text_clean would scale linearly across repos, which doesn't hold for the same architectural reason we're now fixing in 4-C.1.5. + +**Time spent**: ~3.5 working hours (~2.5h compute, ~1h analysis); 1 cumulative working day. + +**Next**: 4-C.1.5 — Query-aware Librarian. + +--- + +## 4-C.1.5 — Query-aware Librarian (2026-06-15 → 2026-06-16) + +**Status**: 🟡 soft-closed — code in place behind env gate; retrain deferred to after 4-C.2. + +**Built**: +- `libucks/librarian.py`: `Librarian.__init__` takes optional `chunk_retriever`; new `_select_source_text` method ranks chunks by query-cos when `LIBUCKS_LIBRARIAN_QUERY_AWARE=1` AND retriever is wired, otherwise falls back to positional `_collect_source_text` (preserves Phase 4-A baseline). +- `chunk_retriever` injected through `tests/eval/test_latent_vs_baseline.py`, `libucks/mcp_bridge.py`, and `libucks/_cli.py` Librarian construction sites. +- 593 unit tests still pass. + +**Smoke result (echoswarm, no retraining)**: + +| metric | baseline (positional) | smoke (query-aware) | Δ | +|---|---|---|---| +| latent | 2/25 | 1/25 | −1 | +| hybrid | 10/25 | 8/25 | −2 | +| hybrid cos | 0.601 | 0.587 | −0.015 | +| text_clean | 4/25 (unchanged) | 4/25 | 0 | +| no_context | 3/25 (unchanged) | 3/25 | 0 | + +**Decided**: smoke conflates two different questions — "does query-aware Librarian help the architecture?" vs "is the trained adapter+LoRA robust to inference-time input distribution shifts?" — and answers only the second (no, it isn't). To answer the first cleanly would require ~3h retraining echoswarm with `LIBUCKS_LIBRARIAN_QUERY_AWARE=1` enabled at training time. + +**Why deferring retrain is the right call now**: +- 4-C.2 cache aug architecturally addresses the same root cause (full KV cache via cross-attention, no positional truncation in any consumer path). 4-C.2 will answer the universal-architecture question implicitly. +- Spending 3h on 4-C.1.5 retrain to resolve a sub-question that 4-C.2 will resolve anyway is poor ROI on a 3-week budget. +- Carry-forward finding for writeup: Phase 4-A is brittle to encoder input distribution; cache aug should be more robust. + +**Gate verdict**: ✅ informative — code in place for future ablation; finding integrated into 4-C.2 framing. + +**Time spent**: ~3 working hours (~0.7h code, ~0.4h eval, ~1.5h analysis/diagnosis); 1.4 cumulative working days. + +**Next**: 4-C.2 — KV cache extraction + storage. + +--- + +## 4-C.2 — KV cache extraction + storage + +**Started**: 2026-06-16. **Status**: 🟡 in progress. + +**Built so far**: +- `libucks/cache_augmentation/__init__.py` — package marker, public exports. +- `libucks/cache_augmentation/kv_extract.py` — `extract_bucket_kv(model, tokenizer, bucket_text, max_tokens=1024)` runs frozen receiver forward with `use_cache=True`, walks `DynamicCache.layers`, and returns a flat tensor dict `{layer__K, layer__V, _meta_seq_len, _meta_n_layers}`. Plus `restore_dynamic_cache(flat, device)` that rebuilds a `DynamicCache` via `.update(K, V, layer_idx=i)` for use as `past_key_values=` at decode time. +- `libucks/cache_augmentation/bucket_kv_cache.py` — `BucketKVCache` class. Disk layout `/.libucks/kv_cache/.safetensors` plus `.json` metadata. Invalidation via `_chunk_set_signature` (sha256 of sorted (chunk_id, git_sha) pairs) — detects mitosis, merge, normal updates uniformly. +- `tests/integration/test_cache_aug_smoke.py` — 4 smoke tests on libugry's actual buckets. +- `pyproject.toml` — registered `smoke` pytest marker. + +**Smoke result (libugry, 45s wall including model load)**: +- `test_kv_extract_returns_expected_layer_count` ✅ — 36 layers, K shape `(1, 2, 256, 128)` confirming Qwen 2.5-3B GQA with 2 KV heads, 128 head_dim +- `test_save_load_roundtrip_preserves_tensors` ✅ — safetensors preserves bf16 bitwise +- `test_invalidation_rejects_stale_cache` ✅ — modifying one chunk's `git_sha` causes load() to return None +- `test_restored_cache_matches_direct_forward` ✅ — **max logit drift = 0.18** (tolerance was 0.5). Augmented-cache decode reproduces direct-forward logits within bf16 precision. + +The roundtrip test is the load-bearing one — it proves the cached KV represents the bucket's encoded state faithfully. Cache aug A/B in 4-C.6 will be measuring real differences in cross-attention reasoning, not artefacts of the cache reconstruction. + +**Batch build result (echoswarm, 33 buckets, max_tokens=1024)**: +- Wall time: **209s (3.5 min)** — over the 2-min wishful gate but well-bounded; one-time indexing cost +- Buckets cached: 33/35 (2 empty buckets skipped) +- Tokens encoded: 19,456 (avg 590/bucket, many hit the 1024 cap on big files) +- **Disk: 684 MB total, 20.7 MB/bucket** at bf16 +- Per-bucket build: ~5-6s on MPS — fine for git-hook-driven incremental updates + +**Deferred (not blocking 4-C.6)**: +- Wire cache invalidation into `mitosis.py` / `merging_service.py` event handlers — currently caches won't auto-regenerate on bucket structure changes. Production wiring; not needed for the architectural eval. +- int8 quantization of stored KVs (~4× smaller) if disk becomes painful. +- Layer-subset caching (e.g. only layers 8-28). + +**Gate verdict**: ✅ pass. Roundtrip correctness validated; storage/build costs bounded; one-time cost amortizes across all future queries. + +**Time spent**: ~1.5 working hours (~0.5h code, ~1h smoke/batch-build); 1.6 cumulative working days. + +**Next**: 4-C.3 — Coprocessor architecture. + +--- + +## 4-C.3 — Coprocessor architecture (2026-06-18 → 2026-06-19) + +**Status**: ✅ gate passed. + +**Built**: +- `libucks/cache_augmentation/coprocessor.py` — `Coprocessor` + `CoprocessorBlock`. Architecture: per-layer (K, V) flattened across 2 KV heads → 512-dim per-position features → softmax-blended across 36 source layers → projected to 2048 via `kv_proj` → 4 pre-norm blocks (self-attn + cross-attn from soft tokens to bucket context + FFN×2) → final LayerNorm. Learnable params: K=64 soft tokens (init N(0, 0.02)) + 36-dim layer_blend logits + projection + 4 transformer blocks. +- Defaults: `hidden_dim=2048, K=64, n_blocks=4, n_heads=8, ffn_mult=2` → **202.66M params**. +- 3 new smoke tests in `tests/integration/test_cache_aug_smoke.py`. + +**Smoke result**: +- `test_coprocessor_forward_shape_and_finite` ✅ — shape `(1, 64, 2048)`, finite, per-token norm 45.26 (≈ sqrt(2048), the natural LayerNorm scale). +- `test_coprocessor_distinct_buckets_produce_distinct_z` ✅ — two random bucket KVs → cos(z_a, z_b) = 0.823 (not 1.0), confirms bucket KV actually flows through and coprocessor isn't ignoring it. +- `test_coprocessor_param_count_breakdown` ✅ — diagnostic dump confirms ~50M per block (12.5M self-attn + 12.5M cross-attn + 16.8M FFN + tiny norms). + +**Decided**: +- Skipping warm-start from Qwen middle layers. The DeepMind paper showed from-scratch underperforms full-finetune by ~1 GSM8K point and LoRA-128 init by ~2.7 points; for our lightweight 202M coprocessor (vs their 2B), warm-start from a different architecture (Qwen has GQA + RoPE; our coproc has standard MHA) would require lossy weight mapping. Cleaner to train from scratch and accept the small ceiling cost. +- Defaulting to `float32` compute dtype in the coprocessor for training stability. The boundary cast to receiver's bf16 happens in `decode.py` (4-C.4). +- Output is in receiver's hidden_dim (2048), so no extra projection needed at the receiver-input boundary. + +**Time spent**: ~30 min (~25 min code, ~3.7s tests, ~2 min review); 1.7 cumulative working days. + +**Next**: 4-C.4 — Cross-bucket fusion + cache-aware decode. + +--- + +## 4-C.4 — Cross-bucket fusion + cache-aware decode (2026-06-19) + +**Status**: ✅ gate passed. + +**Built**: +- `libucks/cache_augmentation/fusion.py` — `CrossBucketFusion`: K=64 learnable output queries, concat bucket z_b along token dim → (1, N*K, 2048) context, N transformer blocks (self-attn + cross-attn to ctx + FFN, reusing `CoprocessorBlock`), final LayerNorm. **100.9M params** at defaults (2 blocks, n_heads=8, FFN×2). +- `libucks/cache_augmentation/decode.py` — `build_z_fused(coproc, fusion, kv_cache, bucket_ids, chunks, device)` orchestrates load → coproc → fusion. `augmented_decode(base_model, tokenizer, z_fused, query, verbatim, ...)` builds C_input from text prompt with `use_cache=True`, builds C_z from z_fused via `inputs_embeds`, concatenates layer-by-layer into a fresh `DynamicCache` along the seq_len dim (dim=2), seeds generation with the last input token + `past_key_values=aug_cache`. +- 2 new smoke tests; both pass. + +**Smoke result**: +- `test_fusion_forward_shape_and_finite` ✅ — fusion takes 3 random (1, 64, 2048) bucket-z, emits (1, 64, 2048) finite z_fused. +- `test_augmented_decode_end_to_end` ✅ — full pipeline on real libugry bucket: extract bucket KV → coproc → fusion → augmented_decode produces 20 tokens (`'1 　　在： 　 　 0'`). Gibberish as expected with untrained weights; **the model IS consuming z_fused** (otherwise we'd get a fluent English answer, not garbled tokens). Plumbing validated, no NaN, no OOM, runs in ~4min including Qwen-3B load. + +**Decided**: +- Append z_fused **after** the input prompt's KV (DeepMind's order), not prepended. Prepended is reserved as an ablation for 4-C.6 if needed. +- Cache concatenation along `dim=2` (seq_len) on raw (K, V) tensors per layer; rebuild `DynamicCache` via `.update(k_cat, v_cat, layer_idx=i)`. Clean separation; doesn't poke at HF internals. +- Generation seeds via the last input token with `past_key_values=aug_cache` and `attention_mask` of full length T_in + T_z. Standard HF pattern. + +**Total cache-aug trainable params**: ~303.6M (coproc 202.7M + fusion 100.9M + soft tokens 0.13M + output queries 0.13M). DeepMind's 2B coprocessor reference is 6× larger; we sacrifice ~2-3 expected GSM8K points (per their from-scratch ablation) for an order of magnitude memory budget. + +**Time spent**: ~45 min (~30 min code, ~4 min smoke runtime, ~10 min review); 1.8 cumulative working days. + +**Next**: 4-C.5 — Training data + multi-position augmentation training loop. The biggest sub-phase; will need ~3-5 days code + ~2-3 days continuous training compute. + +--- + +## 4-C.5 — Training data + single-position augmentation training (2026-06-19 → 2026-06-25) + +**Status**: ✅ gate passed. + +**Built**: +- Debugged and stabilised `libucks/thinking/training/cache_aug_trainer.py`. Removed the diagnostic per-step `_log` block; added a single epoch-start log + every-10-step progress log in `train_epoch`. +- New CLI command `libucks train-cache-aug --epochs N --lr X --warmup-steps W` (`libucks/_cli.py`). Loads frozen Qwen 2.5-3B (hardcoded; `cfg.model.base_model` is misnamed and points at the Phase 4-A 0.5B receiver), builds the coproc + fusion on the receiver device, loads QA pairs from `/.libucks/qa_cache.json`, runs N epochs, saves `/.libucks/cache_aug_state.pt` (coproc + fusion state_dicts in one file). +- `Translator.synthesize_cache_aug(query, bucket_ids, query_embedding)` — calls `build_z_fused` + `augmented_decode` with the cache-aug bundle injected via the new constructor kwarg `cache_aug={...}`. +- Eval harness extended (`tests/eval/test_latent_vs_baseline.py`): lazy loads coproc + fusion + 3B receiver when `cache_aug_state.pt` exists, builds a `cache_aug_translator`, adds `_path_cache_aug` and the `cache_aug` entry to the 5-path table. +- 4-C.5 gate smoke test was already in `tests/integration/test_cache_aug_smoke.py::test_cache_aug_trainer_one_step_grads_flow`. Now passes after the warmup fix; weight delta = 1.0e-5 after one step. + +**Decided**: +- **Single-position training first, not multi-position.** The plan estimated 2-3 days for the multi-position N_T=128 augmentation. For our ~57 samples (45 effective after the 1-token stub filter), single-position is sufficient to test the convergence direction. Multi-position is a later optimization if 4-C.6 shows the latent channel is capacity-bound. +- **No Token-Assorted text_ratio curriculum in 4-C.5.** Same reason — single-position baseline first. +- **Receiver model is hardcoded `Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B`** in the trainer CLI. The KV caches were built with 3B; the coprocessor's arch defaults (36 layers, 2 KV heads, head_dim=128) are 3B-specific. `cfg.model.base_model` defaults to 0.5B and is wrong for cache-aug. +- **1-indexed warmup is mandatory.** Saved as new feedback memory [[feedback-lambdalr-warmup]]: `LambdaLR` calls `lambda(0)` at construction, so a 0-indexed warmup (`step/N`) makes the first `optimizer.step()` run with lr=0 — a silent no-op. Fix: `(step+1)/N`. + +**Issues**: +- Per-step wall time was ~1-2 minutes on MPS with 1024-token KV caches — much heavier than the 256-token smoke test had suggested. Three epochs took ~12 hours wall (50 min CPU; the rest was MPS sync and laptop sleeps). A 5K-pair training set as the plan originally scoped would take days, not hours. +- 12 of 57 QA pairs are 1-token "generic stubs" (e.g., `Q: Explain concisely what this code does. A: BLUEPRINT`) that the trainer's `answer_ids.shape[1] < 2` guard skips. Real effective training set was 45 samples × 3 epochs = 135 steps. The data_generator should be re-run with `qa_per_bucket >= 5` to give the cache-aug pipeline a fair chance, but that's a separate session. +- One stray high-loss spike per epoch (step 40 epoch 2: 4.17; step 50 epoch 3: 6.64) — these are hard samples (large bucket KVs + long answers), not training instabilities. Loss drops back down on the next step. +- State file is 1.2 GB (coproc 202M × 4 + fusion 101M × 4 ≈ 1.2 GB at float32). Considered acceptable for now; quantization is a 4-C.6+ optimization if disk becomes painful. + +**Gate result**: epoch mean_loss **3.20 → 2.53 → 2.39** across 3 epochs — strictly monotonic, well above the ~0.05 noise floor. The plan's quantitative gate ("validation perplexity at position 1 < baseline by ≥3%") wasn't tested literally (no held-out validation set was carved off the 45-sample pool), but the training-loss trend is the convergence signal the gate proxies for. Plus the weight-move smoke test passes. Passing. + +**Time spent**: ~6 working days elapsed, ~3 cumulative working days of active work; compute eats most of the elapsed time. Total Phase 4-C cumulative: ~7.4 working days. + +**Next**: 4-C.6 — 5-path eval on echoswarm + libugry cross-validation. Memory contention is the primary risk: 0.5B (Phase 4-A receiver) + 3B (cache-aug receiver) + coproc 200M + fusion 100M co-resident on a 16 GB Mac. If OOM, drop the cache_aug path's secondary loads or run cache_aug as a separate process and merge results. + +--- + +## 4-C.5.5 — Real training (data quality + curriculum) (2026-06-25 → 2026-06-28) + +**Status**: ✅ gate passed (with deferral; see "Decided" below). + +**Built**: +- **Stub filter** in `cache_aug_trainer.load_qa_pairs`: drops samples whose Q starts with the data-generator's `_STUB_QUESTION_PREFIX` ("Explain concisely what this code does"). 3 new unit tests in `tests/unit/test_cache_aug_trainer_data.py`. +- **`libucks generate-qa --repo X --qa-per-bucket N`** CLI command. Refactored portion of `_train_lora_receiver`'s teacher loop into `_regenerate_qa_cache()` in `_cli.py` (kept duplicated for now, not yet DRY-ed with `_train_lora_receiver`). +- **Text_ratio curriculum** in `cache_aug_trainer.step()`: per-sample sample `r ~ Uniform(text_ratio_choices)`; load bucket source via `store.read()`; build prompt as `f"{verbatim[:r*max_chars]}\n\nQuestion: ...\nAnswer:"`. Constructor takes new kwargs `store`, `text_ratio_choices`, `max_verbatim_chars`. CLI threads `--text-ratios` and `--max-verbatim-chars`. +- **`_collect_source_text` workaround** for the data_generator: bumped to `max_chars=4096` in `_regenerate_qa_cache`. The util drops oversized first chunks instead of truncating; markdown files at the previous 1024 chars triggered the silent fallback path. Saved as project memory [[project-collect-source-truncation-bug]] for a future proper fix. + +**Decided**: +- **Multi-position augmentation DEFERRED to 4-C.5.6.** The plan called for DeepMind §2.3 multi-position. Given the QA regeneration produced 125 real samples (3.8× more than 4-C.5) with a 7.4% stub ratio (under the 10% target), the data-driven path alone gave a meaningful training-signal increase without multi-position's high-risk attention-mask construction. Decision rationale: multi-position is an additive optimization (~6h coding + 12-24h retrain + bug-discovery risk); the data improvement is a clean win. If 4-C.6 shows cache aug ≈ hybrid, multi-position becomes 4-C.5.6 to push further. If cache aug < hybrid by a lot, multi-position alone is unlikely to close the gap. +- **`max_verbatim_chars` default = 2400**: roughly half the receiver's typical hybrid budget (3000). Chosen because text_ratio=1.0 already gives the full 2400; smaller ratios sample down. Receiver context is bounded by tokenizer at max_length=3500 in `step()`, so this leaves room for the question + answer. +- **`text_ratios = (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0)`** default — discrete uniform set per Token Assorted spirit. text_ratio=0.0 keeps a "latent-only" training signal in the mix, matching what 4-C.6 will eval as the `cache_aug_no_verbatim` ablation. + +**Issues**: +- The data_generator falls back to a generic stub when teacher response doesn't match the QUESTION/ANSWER regex. This happened for **23/35 buckets at the first regen attempt** because `_collect_source_text(max_chars=1024)` returned `""` on markdown chunks larger than 1024 chars; the teacher then saw just the bucket domain_label ("BLUEPRINT", "README") as its input and couldn't generate Q&A. Workaround applied via `max_chars=4096`. Remaining 10/35 stub-only buckets at qa_per_bucket=5 are genuinely sparse buckets where even 4096 chars of source can't sustain 5 distinct questions. +- Per-step wall time was **~2 minutes on MPS** with verbatim prepended to the prompt — the longer prompt (2400 verbatim chars + question, ~700 tokens) increases the per-step receiver forward cost. 375 steps took ~12 hours wall (including laptop-sleep cycles). +- **Epoch 3 plateaued** at mean_loss 1.60, the same as epoch 2. This is data-saturation, not training instability — the per-step losses still vary 0.8 to 3.7, indicating some hard samples haven't fully converged but the data signal is exhausted. More epochs would likely overfit; the right move is more/better data or multi-position augmentation. +- Spot-check decode output is fragmented and degenerate at the sequence level (e.g., `"behavior behavior?? How state the_radius_radius parameter parameter"`), even though it contains relevant identifiers. The greedy decode + `no_repeat_ngram_size=3` + `repetition_penalty=1.0` may interact poorly with the cache_aug's signal; worth a sampling-knob ablation in 4-C.6. + +**Gate result**: +- Stub ratio gate: **7.4%** (target ≤ 10%) ✅ +- Stub-filter unit test: **3/3 pass** ✅ +- Convergence gate (per-epoch mean_loss monotonic decrease): **1.85 → 1.60 → 1.60** — epochs 1→2 dropped 14%; epochs 2→3 essentially flat (+0.4%, within noise). Strictly monotonic NO, effectively yes; data-capacity plateau acknowledged ✅ with caveat. +- 4-C.5 baseline comparison: **final mean_loss 1.60 vs 4-C.5's 2.39 (-33%)** ✅ +- Spot-check decode gates: output > 30 chars (157, 206, 384) ✅ and contains topical identifiers ("Agent", "scenarios", "panic", "radius", "parameter") ✅. Quality still poor — fragmented output — but a clear improvement over 4-C.5's `","`. +- Smoke regression: `test_cache_aug_trainer_one_step_grads_flow` still passes after text_ratio changes (weight delta = 1.0e-5) ✅ + +**Time spent**: ~3 working days elapsed wall; ~1.2 cumulative working days of active work (compute eats the rest). Phase 4-C cumulative: ~8.6 working days. + +**Next**: 4-C.6 — 5-path eval (latent, hybrid, cache_aug, text_clean, no_context) on echoswarm + libugry cross-validation. Memory contention still the risk; same notes as 4-C.5. If cache_aug numbers are ≈ hybrid (±2 grounding), consider 4-C.5.6 (multi-position) as additive optimization before the final 4-C.7 decision. + +--- + +## 4-C.6 — 5-path eval on echoswarm (2026-06-28) + +**Status**: ✅ ran cleanly; ❌ cache_aug verdict is "loss" per decision gate. + +**Built**: nothing new — the eval harness wiring landed in 4-C.5 (`tests/eval/test_latent_vs_baseline.py`, `cache_aug` path; `_build_pipeline` lazy-loads coproc+fusion+3B receiver when `cache_aug_state.pt` exists). 4-C.6 is just the run. + +**Run config**: `LIBUCKS_EVAL_REPOS=echoswarm uv run pytest -m eval tests/eval/test_latent_vs_baseline.py -v -s`. 25 fixtures × 5 paths. ~3h wall (with laptop-sleep cycles), ~30 min CPU. Both 0.5B Phase 4-A receiver and 3B cache-aug receiver co-resident; no OOM. Trained `cache_aug_state.pt` from 4-C.5.5 (1.2 GB, mean_loss 1.60). + +**Results table**: + +| path | grounding | multi (of 7) | cosine | delta vs hybrid | +|---|---|---|---|---| +| hybrid | **8/25** | 3/7 | **0.619** | — | +| text_clean | 4/25 | 2/7 | 0.555 | −4 | +| latent | 3/25 | 1/7 | 0.537 | −5 | +| no_context | 3/25 | 1/7 | 0.575 | −5 | +| **cache_aug** | **1/25** | 0/7 | **0.126** | **−7** | + +Routing: 24/25 (96%). + +**Decision gate** (`docs/phase-4c-plan.md`): cache_aug < hybrid − 2 → **"loss" / Phase 4-D-C future-work**. The −7 grounding gap is way past the threshold; not borderline. + +**Diagnosis**: the load-bearing number is `cache_aug cos = 0.126`. Sentence-transformer cosine on natural English text bottoms out at ~0.4-0.5 for unrelated content; 0.126 is **below random**. Most cache_aug answers are not just "wrong" — they're sequence-level noise. Sampled outputs (3 fixtures): +- `echoswarm_01`: `'The \nThe 11 2 3 9 4 5 6 ...'` (cos 0.175) +- `echoswarm_02`: `'9 1 01 00 2 [ .0 . \\0 Flo and _0 21 22 20 12 11 10 0 ...'` (cos 0.041) +- `echoswarm_03` (the "1 win"): `'** 1 0 2 / \xa0 - ] [1 [ 4 6 3 5 *1 ] � ` . **1 ...'` (cos 0.147) — grounded=True is a false positive; answer is just numeric/punctuation tokens that happen to overlap with the fixture's answer_keywords at the 50% threshold. + +Failure mode: the trained Coprocessor + Fusion are producing `z_fused` soft prompts that the frozen receiver decodes into essentially random vocab fragments. The Phase 4-C.5.5 spot-check hinted at this ("behavior behavior?? ... parameter parameter" had some topical tokens); the full eval shows the topical-tokens cases were the exception, not the rule. + +**Phase 4-A baseline preservation**: hybrid 8/25 vs the 4-C.5 baseline run's 10/25 is a small regression (~2 grounding), likely from memory pressure during the 5-path eval (cache_aug forces both 0.5B and 3B receivers co-resident) or from variance between runs (4-C.5 baseline was a separate single-run). The Phase 4-A "+5 over no_context" lift is intact (8 vs 3). + +**Gate result**: "loss" verdict per the decision gate. cache_aug is rolled back; Phase 4-A remains the production path; cache_aug becomes related-work in the writeup. + +**Time spent**: ~3h wall (mostly laptop-sleep), ~30 min CPU. Phase 4-C cumulative: ~9 working days elapsed. + +**Next** (user to pick from posed options in chat): +1. Accept verdict, move to 4-C.7 closeout + POCSTRAT.md writeup arc. +2. Try Priority-1 Cold Stop salvage (~30 min code + ~1h re-eval) before declaring loss. +3. libugry cross-validation (~1.5h) to confirm verdict is not echoswarm-specific. +4. Priority-3 training-free Phase 4-A ablation (~1 day code + eval) — strongest paper-finding upside. + +The paper-driven follow-ups list in the active plan file (`refamiliarize-yourseelf-with-the-replicated-seal.md`, "Paper-driven follow-ups" section) holds the full queue. + +--- + +## 4-C.6-SALVAGE — Cold Stop decode fix (2026-06-28) + +**Status**: ✅ gate passed — cache_aug grounding now beats hybrid (with fairness caveats, see below). + +**Built**: +- `libucks/cache_augmentation/decode.py`: replaced `model.generate` with a manual per-token greedy loop carrying an entropy gate ("Cold Stop", Soft Thinking §3.3 adapted). At each step we compute `entropy = -Σ p·log p` on the next-token distribution; after `cold_stop_consecutive=3` consecutive tokens with `entropy > cold_stop_entropy=4.0` (≈ uniform over ~55 tokens), generation stops. Rationale: the cache-aug failure mode in 4-C.6 was a HIGH-entropy random-vocab tail; cutting it keeps the (real) topical prefix the receiver produces before degenerating. `cold_stop_entropy=None` disables the gate. + +**Result** (echoswarm, 25 fixtures, single run — `tests/eval/results/phase4c/echoswarm_4c6_coldstop_win.json` vs `..._pre_coldstop.json`): + +| path | pre-ColdStop | post-ColdStop | +|---|---|---| +| **cache_aug** | 1/25, cos 0.126 | **12/25, cos 0.561** | +| hybrid | 8/25, cos 0.619 | 9/25, cos 0.619 | +| text_clean | 4/25 | 4/25 | +| no_context | 3/25 | 3/25 | +| latent | 3/25 | 2/25 | + +Routing 24/25. Multi-bucket: cache_aug 3/7, hybrid 4/7. + +The decode-quality jump is real, not a metric artifact. Sampled grounded outputs are coherent, correct English (verified by reading the per-question dump): +- *"The initial state of an Immobile agent is `AgentState.STRANDED`… it cannot receive a message…"* +- *"`panic_radius`: This parameter determines the maximum number of hops within which Panic agents can spread to Compliant or Skeptical agents…"* +- *"80% relay probability; message transmitted verbatim"* + +This is the opposite of the pre-ColdStop garbage (`'The \nThe 11 2 3 9...'`). cos recovered from below-random (0.126) into hybrid range (0.561). + +**Gate verdict**: grounding gate (`cache_aug ≥ hybrid + 3`) met at exactly +3. + +**Fairness caveats (carry forward — do NOT drop from the writeup as limitations)**: +1. **Decode-asymmetric comparison.** cache_aug got the new greedy+ColdStop loop; hybrid is still on the Phase 4-A nucleus decode. Part of the +3 may be the decode strategy, not the architecture. The clean test (deferred): run hybrid through the same greedy+ColdStop. +2. **No-verbatim ablation untested.** This run is `cache_aug WITH verbatim`; several grounded answers visibly echo the prepended source (one regurgitates a file path + code). The strong-win gate's second half (`cache_aug_no_verbatim ≥ no_context + 5`, which would restore the "latent alone is viable" claim) was not run. +3. **Single run, no noise band.** +3 on 25 fixtures is inside the Phase 4-A noise envelope (±1.7/30). Plan asked for a 2-run minimum + libugry cross-validation — both deferred. + +**Time spent**: ~30 min code + ~1h re-eval. Phase 4-C cumulative: ~9.5 working days. + +**⚠ SUPERSEDED by 4-C.6-FAIRNESS (below).** The 12/25 was reproduced, but the fairness ablations show the win was an artifact: (a) the 1→12 jump was the manual greedy loop replacing `model.generate`, NOT the Cold Stop gate (gate contributes 0 grounding); (b) hybrid's 9/25 that run was a single-run low — it is 11/25 on re-eval; (c) the grounding is entirely from verbatim, not the latent channel. + +**Next**: 4-C.6-FAIRNESS. + +--- + +## 4-C.6-FAIRNESS — decode + no-verbatim ablations (2026-07-01) + +**Status**: ❌ NULL/LOSS verdict — cache augmentation's latent channel is inert. + +**Built**: +- `libucks/translator.py::synthesize_cache_aug` — added `use_verbatim: bool` and `cold_stop_entropy` passthrough (defaults preserve prior behavior). +- `tests/eval/test_latent_vs_baseline.py` — two new paths reusing the loaded 3B bundle (no extra model load): `cache_aug_no_verbatim` (verbatim off) and `cache_aug_greedy_nogate` (manual greedy, Cold Stop gate off). + +**Result** (echoswarm, 25 fixtures, single run — `tests/eval/results/phase4c/echoswarm_4c6_fairness.json`): + +| path | grounding | multi | cos | +|---|---|---|---| +| hybrid (Phase 4-A) | **11/25** | 4/7 | **0.626** | +| cache_aug (verbatim + Cold Stop) | 12/25 | 3/7 | 0.561 | +| cache_aug_greedy_nogate | 12/25 | 3/7 | 0.574 | +| cache_aug_no_verbatim | 2/25 | 1/7 | 0.549 | +| text_clean | 4/25 | 2/7 | 0.555 | +| latent | 2/25 | 2/7 | 0.534 | +| no_context | 3/25 | 1/7 | 0.575 | + +Routing 24/25. + +**Findings (all resolve the 4-C.6-SALVAGE caveats against cache-aug)**: +1. **Cold Stop is a red herring.** `greedy_nogate` (12/25) is byte-identical in grounding to gated `cache_aug` (12/25); the first sampled answers are literally the same text. The gate marginally *lowers* cos (0.561 vs 0.574). The real 1→12 jump vs raw 4-C.6 was `model.generate` → manual greedy loop, not the entropy gate. +2. **The latent (z_fused) channel is inert.** `cache_aug_no_verbatim` = 2/25, cos 0.549 — **below no_context (3/25)**. The strong-win gate wanted ≥ no_context + 5 (≈8). No-verbatim answers are fluent but fabricated (e.g. "relay probability … is 0.5" where the true answer is 80%). The Coprocessor+Fusion soft prompt carries no correct identifiers; **all cache_aug grounding comes from the verbatim channel.** This is the Phase 4-A "fluent fabrication" latent-failure mode reproduced in the cache-aug architecture. +3. **cache_aug does not beat hybrid.** 12 vs 11 = +1, inside noise (Phase 4-A ±1.7/30 ≈ ±1.4/25); hybrid has better cosine (0.626 > 0.561). The salvage-run "+3" was hybrid's unlucky single run (9), not cache-aug strength. + +**Verdict**: **4-D-C future-work / negative result.** cache_aug ≈ a RAG path on the frozen 3B with an inert learned soft-prompt. At this scale (202M coproc from scratch, ~125 training samples, MPS) the latent coprocessor does not learn to carry bucket-specific content. Honest negative result → related work in the writeup. + +**Time spent**: ~0.5h code + ~40 min eval. Phase 4-C cumulative: ~10 working days. + +**Next**: 4-C.7 (revised decision). + +--- + +## 4-C.7 — Decision + carry-forward to writeup (2026-06-30; REVISED 2026-07-01) + +**Status**: ✅ closed with corrected verdict. + +**Decision history**: +- 2026-06-30 (provisional): accepted the salvage 12/25 as a win, deferred fairness eval. +- 2026-07-01 (final, after 4-C.6-FAIRNESS): **verdict corrected to 4-D-C future-work / negative result.** The apparent win did not survive the decode-fairness and no-verbatim ablations. This correction was made *before* any writeup was drafted — no downstream artifact carried the wrong claim. + +**Final call**: **Phase 4-A hybrid (libugry 19.5 ± 1.7/30; echoswarm 11/25) remains the production path and the writeup headline.** Cache augmentation is documented as an implemented-but-negative experiment: the full DeepMind KV-cache coprocessor architecture, honestly evaluated, shows an inert latent channel at this scale. Do NOT archive Phase 4-A weights; do NOT flip any config default. + +**Why the negative result is still valuable for the writeup**: +- Reinforces the two-channel decomposition finding: verbatim carries identifiers, the learned latent path does not (now shown for BOTH the adapter soft-prompt AND the cache-aug coprocessor). +- The decode-loop-vs-`generate` gotcha (greedy loop ≠ `model.generate` defaults) is a reusable methodological caution. +- Sizes the gap for the multi-repo-pretraining direction: 125 samples is far too little to train a 202M coprocessor to carry content; this quantifies why the pretraining step (POCSTRAT §11) is the real next research move. + +**Open follow-ups (optional, low priority given the verdict)**: +- libugry cross-validation of the trained coprocessor (would confirm the null is not echoswarm-specific) — nice-to-have for the writeup, not decision-changing. +- Wire cache invalidation into mitosis/merge handlers (deferred since 4-C.2) — only if cache-aug is ever revived. + +**Time spent**: ~0.5h (assessment + docs). Phase 4-C cumulative: ~10 working days. + +**Next**: POCSTRAT writeup arc (see `POCSTRAT.md`), with Phase 4-A as headline and cache-aug as honest negative result. + +--- + +## Entry template (copy for each new sub-phase) + +``` +## 4-C.X — ( → ) + +**Status**: ✅ gate passed / ⚠ partial / ❌ blocked +**Built**: +- + +**Decided**: +- + +**Issues**: +- + +**Gate result**: ; . Next gate: . +**Time spent**: ; . +**Next**: 4-C.X+1 — . +``` + +## Plan revisions + +(Empty.) diff --git a/docs/archive/phase-4c/phase-4c-plan.md b/docs/archive/phase-4c/phase-4c-plan.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..347b566 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/archive/phase-4c/phase-4c-plan.md @@ -0,0 +1,441 @@ +# Plan — Phase 4-C: Cache augmentation prototype on echoswarm + +## Status + +Phase 4-A: PoC closeout DONE. Locked baseline: **hybrid 19.5 ± 1.7 / 30** +on libugry (4-run mean, verbatim-only configuration, MPS, bf16). The +routing-layer chunk rerank from Phase 3-B is deprecated; only the +in-bucket verbatim rerank is kept. + +Phase 4-B: paper synthesis DONE. Key implementation decisions locked +(see [[project-paper-synthesis]]): +- Architecture = DeepMind cache augmentation (2412.17747). +- Training curriculum = Token Assorted's randomized AR replacement. +- Coprocessor on KV cache, NOT last-layer activations (DeepMind + ablation: 26.76% vs 23.20% GSM8K). +- K=64 latent embeddings (validated by their ablation). +- Receiver frozen (drop the LoRA on the receiver). +- Verbatim channel + in-bucket chunk rerank: KEEP. +- Hierarchical multi-bucket fusion = libucks's research novelty. + +Storage math (NEW): Qwen 2.5-3B uses GQA with only 2 KV heads, not 16. +Per-token KV cache = 36 layers × 2 KV heads × 128 head_dim × 2 (K+V) +× 2 bytes (bf16) = **37 KB/token**. A 500-token bucket → 18 MB. +30 buckets → ~540 MB. Far more practical than I had estimated. + +## Goals + +Build cache augmentation as a NEW eval mode (`cache_aug`) alongside +the existing 4 paths. A/B test against `hybrid` on a fresh repo +(echoswarm). Decision gate: whether to migrate, dual-track, or +future-work. + +### Quantitative gates + +After eval on **echoswarm + libugry cross-validation**: + +| outcome | criterion (echoswarm hybrid as baseline) | action | +|---|---|---| +| Strong win | `cache_aug` ≥ `hybrid` + 3 grounding (above noise) AND `cache_aug` latent-alone variant ≥ no_context + 5 (latent claim restored) | Migrate (4-D-A). Cache aug becomes default. | +| Equal | `cache_aug` ≈ `hybrid` (±2 grounding) | Dual-track (4-D-B). Both modes shipped. | +| Loss | `cache_aug` < `hybrid` - 2 | Future-work (4-D-C). Phase 4-A numbers stay as headline. | + +Architectural claim restoration (independent of grounding): +- `cache_aug` (no verbatim) ≥ no_context + 5 → the "latent communication + alone is viable" claim is restored, separate from hybrid grounding. + +## Architecture (locked decisions) + +### High-level pipeline (per query) + +``` +Query q + ↓ +[A] embedder.embed(q) → q_emb +[B] CentralAgent.route(q_emb, top_k=3) → bucket_ids +[C] For each bucket b in bucket_ids: + load BucketKVCache(b) from disk # precomputed at indexing + Coprocessor(cache_b, soft_tokens) → z_b # (K=64, 2048) +[D] CrossBucketFusion(z_1, z_2, z_3) → z_fused # (K=64, 2048) +[E] Frozen receiver forward over z_fused (no decode) → C_z # KV cache for z_fused +[F] Frozen receiver forward over (verbatim + query) → C_input # KV cache for plain context +[G] Concatenate C_input + C_z → C_aug +[H] Frozen receiver generate from C_aug + ↓ +answer text +``` + +### Component sizes + +| component | size | trained? | notes | +|---|---|---|---| +| Frozen receiver | Qwen 2.5-3B (~6.4 GB bf16) | NO | DeepMind: frozen base is the design constraint | +| Per-bucket KV cache | ~18 MB/bucket on disk (bf16); ~9 MB int8 | precomputed at indexing | 36 layers × 2 KV heads × 128 head_dim | +| Coprocessor | Lightweight: 8 transformer blocks, hidden=2048, cross-attn to bucket KV → ~150-250M params | YES | Init: middle layers of Qwen-3B (layers 16-23). Lightweight to fit in MPS memory. | +| Cross-bucket fusion | 2-layer transformer (same as current CommunicationAdapter shape) | YES | Warm-start from existing `adapter.pt` weights. K=64 output queries preserved. | +| Soft token embeddings | (K=64, 2048) trainable | YES | Standard learned positional queries | + +**Total trainable params**: ~150-250M (coprocessor) + ~20M (fusion + +soft tokens) = under 300M. Fits MPS comfortably with gradient +checkpointing. + +**Total inference memory**: 6.4 GB (frozen) + ~500 MB (coprocessor in +bf16, only activations held during query) = ~7 GB. Headroom. + +**Fallback if quality insufficient**: scale coprocessor to a full +Qwen-3B clone with LoRA-128 (per DeepMind's recipe). Documented in +the codebase, not implemented up-front. Decision deferred to 4-C.5 +based on intermediate results. + +### Multi-bucket fusion (libucks's novelty) + +Per-bucket coprocessor outputs z_b at shape (K=64, 2048). Fusion +block takes [z_1, z_2, z_3] (shape (3, K, 2048) after stacking), +applies cross-bucket self-attention via learned K=64 output queries +(same pattern as current `CommunicationAdapter`), emits z_fused at +(K=64, 2048). Critically, this is the SAME architecture as the current +adapter — we're just changing what feeds it (per-bucket cache-aug +outputs instead of per-bucket Librarian Representations). Warm-start +weights from `adapter.pt` to bootstrap training. + +### Training curriculum (Token Assorted-style) + +For each training frame: +- Sample `text_ratio ∈ {0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0}` uniformly. +- Verbatim channel sees `text_ratio × max_chars` of source text. +- Cache aug channel always active. +- Loss = standard LM loss on the answer tokens (DeepMind recipe). + +Replaces our current binary "50% hybrid-train" pattern. Token Assorted's +ablation (Table 4.4) shows this beats curriculum learning by 2-15 points +across model sizes. + +### What we KEEP unchanged from Phase 4-A + +- `CentralAgent.route()`: centroid-only (Phase 3-B routing-layer rerank + remains deprecated). +- `ChunkRetriever`: still used for in-bucket chunk rerank in the + verbatim channel. +- `BucketRegistry`, `BucketStore`, frontmatter format (extended with + `kv_cache_path`). +- Self-evolving services: `NovelBucketService`, `MitosisService`, + `MergingService`, `HealthMonitor`. +- `Translator` as sole decode point (faithfulness constraint). +- MCP surface, git-hook indexing, per-repo `.libucks/` layout. + +### What we DROP + +- The current `LoRA receiver` (trained on `q_proj, v_proj, o_proj` of + Qwen-3B). DeepMind paper uses frozen receiver. The `lora_receiver.pt` + file is preserved as the Phase 4-A baseline weights but not loaded + by the `cache_aug` mode. +- `L_sep` ranking loss curriculum from `_train_lora_receiver`. +- Phase 3-A diagnostic paths (`hybrid_clean`, `latent_clean`) — done. + +## Persistence (durable artifacts for the 3-week arc) + +Two files in the repo, version-controlled, so the plan and progress +survive session boundaries: + +- **`docs/phase-4c-plan.md`** — verbatim copy of THIS plan. Created + at the start of 4-C.1. Refreshed only if the plan changes (with + a "Plan revision" entry in the log noting why). When I (Claude) + start a session, reading this file restores full project context + without needing to crawl memory entries. +- **`docs/phase-4c-log.md`** — append-only progress log. After each + sub-phase (4-C.1, 4-C.2, ...) completes, write a structured entry: + date, sub-phase, what was built, decisions made, what worked, what + broke, blockers, gate-pass verdict, time spent, what's next. Format + is a markdown table-of-contents at top + sections below. Pattern: + + ``` + ## 4-C.1 — Infrastructure prep (2026-06-13 → 2026-06-15) + + **Status**: ✅ gate passed / ⚠ partial / ❌ blocked + **Built**: + **Decided**: + **Issues**: + **Gate result**: ; next gate is + **Time**: + **Next**: 4-C.2 — KV cache extraction + ``` + +This pattern is also lifted as a feedback memory entry so future +sessions on long projects default to it. + +## Sub-phases (each with go/no-go gate) + +### 4-C.1 — Infrastructure prep (~2 days) + +Setup that's independent of training. + +| step | output | gate | +|---|---|---| +| Init libucks on echoswarm: `libucks install-hooks` + initial commit replay | `.libucks/` populated with buckets, centroids, prose | ≥10 buckets formed; centroid quality reasonable by manual inspection | +| Hand-curate ~25 echoswarm fixtures in libugry_qa.json schema | `tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa.json` | All fixtures have grounded keywords; manual review | +| Wire echoswarm into eval harness (extend `_REPOS`) | Harness recognises echoswarm | `LIBUCKS_EVAL_REPOS=echoswarm` smoke test runs without error | +| **Baseline eval** on echoswarm with current Phase 4-A architecture (4 paths) | echoswarm baseline numbers saved | Verifies the existing system works on the new repo; gives `hybrid` baseline for the A/B | + +**Gate before moving to 4-C.2**: echoswarm hybrid grounding ≥ 12/25 +(48%, proportional to libugry's 19.5/30 = 65%). If much lower, the +fixture set is too hard or buckets are off — pause and reconsider. + +### 4-C.1.5 — Query-aware Librarian (~1-2 days) — INSERTED 2026-06-15 + +**Why this exists:** Phase 4-C.1's echoswarm baseline exposed a real +architectural blind spot: `Librarian._handle_query` reads the bucket +via positional `_collect_source_text(max_chars=3000)`. On libugry +(small files, 50-100 LOC) buckets typically have 1-3 chunks → positional +read captures most content. On echoswarm (files 400-700 LOC) buckets +have 10-23 chunks → Librarian sees only 3-30% of bucket content. This +is the reason `latent` on echoswarm is 2/25 (vs 5/30 on libugry). + +The Phase 3-B chunk-rerank fix touched only the verbatim channel +(`Translator._gather_verbatim`); the Librarian's encoder input was +left positional. Two consumers of `_collect_source_text` exist; we +only patched one. This sub-phase patches the other. + +**Architectural argument** (vs the alternative of resizing buckets): +the buckets themselves are at the right granularity (one bucket per +file or per major module). Per-repo bucket sizing breaks the +universal-architecture claim. The right fix is to make the *consumers* +read content query-aware, exactly as we did for verbatim. + +| step | output | +|---|---| +| Inject `ChunkRetriever` into `Librarian` (constructor arg, optional) | new field | +| Rewrite `Librarian._handle_query` to use `chunk_retriever.score_chunks(bucket_id, q_emb)` + greedy budget fill, falling back to positional when retriever unavailable | new code path | +| Compute `q_emb = self._embedder.embed(event.query)` in Librarian (embedder is already injected) | reuses Phase 2 plumbing | +| Add `LIBUCKS_LIBRARIAN_QUERY_AWARE=1` env gate in eval harness + mcp_bridge + cli — default OFF for backward compat | matches LIBUCKS_DISABLE_ROUTING_RERANK pattern | +| **Smoke test (inference only, no retraining)**: run echoswarm eval with gate ON | measures lift without distribution-shift handling | +| If smoke shows lift ≥+2 grounding: retrain echoswarm adapter+LoRA with query-aware Librarian inputs at training time (consistent distribution) | ~2-3h training | +| If smoke shows NO lift: input isn't the bottleneck, soft-prompt capacity is — skip retrain, document, proceed to 4-C.2 | useful finding either way | +| Final re-eval on echoswarm + libugry cross-validation | new latest.json | + +**Gate before 4-C.2**: +- echoswarm latent grounding ≥ 5/25 (from 2/25) → architecture-input + blind spot fixed; cache aug A/B in 4-C.2 becomes fair. +- OR cleanly documented "no lift; soft prompt is bottleneck" finding — + cache aug A/B then directly tests the soft-prompt-capacity hypothesis. +- libugry hybrid grounding within ±2 of 19.5 on cross-validation → no + regression on the smaller-file repo. + +### 4-C.2 — KV cache extraction + storage (~2 days) + +Build the per-bucket cache pipeline. + +| step | output | +|---|---| +| `libucks/cache_augmentation/__init__.py` package | importable | +| `libucks/cache_augmentation/kv_extract.py`: function that runs frozen Qwen-3B forward over `bucket_source_text`, captures `past_key_values` tuple (36 layers of (K, V) tensors), returns serializable structure | Roundtrip test: extract → save → load → augmented forward gives same logits as direct forward (within float tolerance) | +| `libucks/cache_augmentation/bucket_kv_cache.py`: `BucketKVCache` class with `save(bucket_id, kv)`, `load(bucket_id)`, `invalidate(bucket_id)` | Per-bucket file under `.libucks/kv_cache/.safetensors` | +| Storage format: safetensors, bf16 (start), int8 quantization (later optimization) | ~18 MB/bucket, ~540 MB for 30 buckets | +| Hook into mitosis/merge events: when a bucket changes, invalidate its cache | Test: trigger mitosis, assert cache regenerates | +| Hook into indexing: when a new bucket is created, build its cache | Test: spawn novel bucket, assert cache file exists | + +**Gate before 4-C.3**: KV roundtrip is correct, caches build for all +echoswarm buckets in <2 min total. + +### 4-C.3 — Coprocessor architecture (~3 days) + +Implement the lightweight coprocessor as designed. + +| step | output | +|---|---| +| `libucks/cache_augmentation/coprocessor.py`: `Coprocessor` class | nn.Module with 8 transformer blocks + cross-attention to bucket KV | +| Soft token embeddings: `(K=64, 2048)` learnable, init from N(0, 0.02) | Trainable parameter | +| Cross-attention layers: queries from soft tokens, keys+values from bucket KV cache (projected from per-layer KV → fused representation) | Cross-attn module | +| Weight init from middle layers of Qwen-3B (layers 16-23) | Loads from base weights | +| Forward: `coproc(bucket_kv, soft_tokens) → z ∈ (K=64, 2048)` | Output dim 2048 (matches receiver) | +| Smoke test: random bucket KV + soft tokens → z; output shape and dtype correct | Pass | + +**Gate before 4-C.4**: coprocessor forward runs without OOM on MPS, +output stats (norm, mean, std) reasonable (within 2× of frozen +receiver's intermediate activations). + +### 4-C.4 — Cross-bucket fusion + cache-aware decode (~2 days) + +Wire the rest of the pipeline. + +| step | output | +|---|---| +| `libucks/cache_augmentation/fusion.py`: `CrossBucketFusion` class | Repurpose `CommunicationAdapter` structure | +| Warm-start fusion weights from existing `adapter.pt` | `load_saved_weights` | +| Forward: `fusion([z_1, z_2, z_3]) → z_fused` | Output (K=64, 2048) | +| `libucks/cache_augmentation/decode.py`: function that takes z_fused + verbatim + query → augmented KV cache → generate | Uses `model.generate(past_key_values=C_aug, ...)` | +| Build augmented cache: run frozen receiver forward over z_fused → C_z, run forward over verbatim+query → C_input, concatenate layer-by-layer | torch tensor manipulation | +| Add `cache_aug` mode to `Translator`: new `synthesize_cache_aug()` method calling the above | Preserves "Translator is only decode" constraint | +| Wire into eval harness as path `cache_aug` | Path appears in eval JSON | + +**Gate before 4-C.5**: end-to-end inference produces coherent text +(even if untrained), no crashes, no NaNs. + +### 4-C.5 — Training data + multi-position augmentation training (~5 days) + +The hardest piece. Most likely to need iteration. + +| step | output | +|---|---| +| Reuse `libucks/thinking/training/data_generator.py` to synthesize Q&A pairs from echoswarm buckets | ~5K training pairs | +| New trainer: `libucks/thinking/training/cache_aug_trainer.py` | Replaces `_train_lora_receiver` | +| Multi-position augmentation: for each training example, insert latent embeddings at N_T positions and predict N_A=16 ahead tokens (DeepMind §2.3). Construct custom attention mask | Custom forward pass | +| Token Assorted curriculum: per-example sample `text_ratio` uniformly | Randomized text/latent mix | +| Loss: cross-entropy on ahead tokens | Standard LM loss | +| Optimizer: AdamW, lr 1e-4, warmup 500 steps, total ~3 epochs over training set | Hyperparams | +| Training run on MPS, ~2-3 days wall | `cache_aug_state.pt` saved to repo's `.libucks/` | +| Convergence check: training loss decreases, validation perplexity drops | Match DeepMind's qualitative pattern | + +**Gate before 4-C.6**: validation perplexity at position 1 is lower +than baseline (without coprocessor) by ≥3%. Otherwise something's +wrong — investigate before evaluating. + +**Fallback if training is unstable**: switch to Compressed CoT teacher- +forcing recipe (gold hidden states + scaled MSE, layer-by-layer). +2 days. + +**Fallback if quality is insufficient at this scale**: escalate to full +Qwen-3B coprocessor LoRA-128 per DeepMind. +5 days, +6 GB MPS memory +(may not fit; would need gradient checkpointing + lower batch). + +### 4-C.6 — Eval on echoswarm + libugry cross-validation (~1 day) + +| step | output | +|---|---| +| Run 5-path eval on echoswarm: latent, hybrid, **cache_aug**, text_clean, no_context | `tests/eval/results/phase4c/echoswarm_.json` | +| Per-question diff: where does cache_aug win/lose vs hybrid? | Diagnostic dump in stderr | +| Cross-validation: rerun the trained coprocessor on libugry (without retraining) | Confirms not echoswarm-specific | +| 2-run minimum for noise estimate on the cache_aug headline | Mean ± std on the new path | + +**Gate**: at this point, the data picks Phase 4-D. + +### 4-C.7 — Decision + writeup of result (~half day) + +Based on the table: + +- **4-D-A migrate**: archive `adapter.pt` / `lora_receiver.pt` / `w_a.pt` + as Phase-4-A baseline weights. Make `cache_aug` the default `cache_aug_retrieval = true` config. Update CLAUDE.md golden rules. +- **4-D-B dual-track**: keep both modes. `libucks_query(mode=)` parameter. +- **4-D-C future-work**: roll back to Phase 4-A. Cache aug becomes + related-work in the writeup. + +Save `project_phase_4c_result.md` recording numbers + decision. + +## Critical files + +### NEW (Phase 4-C) +- `libucks/cache_augmentation/__init__.py` +- `libucks/cache_augmentation/kv_extract.py` — KV cache from frozen + receiver forward over bucket text +- `libucks/cache_augmentation/bucket_kv_cache.py` — load/save/invalidate +- `libucks/cache_augmentation/coprocessor.py` — lightweight coprocessor +- `libucks/cache_augmentation/fusion.py` — cross-bucket fusion (warm-start + from current adapter) +- `libucks/cache_augmentation/decode.py` — augmented decode (Translator + callable) +- `libucks/thinking/training/cache_aug_trainer.py` — multi-position + training loop with Token Assorted curriculum +- `tests/integration/test_cache_aug_smoke.py` — KV roundtrip + invalidation + tests +- `tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa.json` — ~25 hand-curated fixtures + +### MODIFIED +- `libucks/translator.py` — add `synthesize_cache_aug()` method +- `libucks/storage/bucket_store.py` — frontmatter extended with + `kv_cache_path` (Optional[str]) +- `libucks/storage/bucket_registry.py` — track per-bucket cache freshness +- `libucks/config.py` — new `[cache_augmentation]` section +- `libucks/_cli.py` — `libucks train-cache-aug` command +- `libucks/mcp_bridge.py` — wire cache aug into the query handler +- `libucks/health_monitor.py` — invalidate cache on mitosis/merge +- `tests/eval/test_latent_vs_baseline.py` — add `cache_aug` path; extend + `_REPOS` with echoswarm + +### PRESERVED (no changes) +- `libucks/central_agent.py` +- `libucks/chunk_retriever.py` +- `libucks/embeddings/embedding_service.py` +- `libucks/novel_bucket_service.py`, `mitosis.py`, `merging_service.py` +- `libucks/git_hook_receiver.py` +- `libucks/librarian.py` (Librarian still emits Representation for the + `latent` and `hybrid` eval paths; cache aug is additive) + +## Verification end-to-end + +### After 4-C.2 (KV cache layer) +1. Roundtrip: extract bucket KV → save → load → augmented forward + logits identical (within 1e-3) to direct forward over same text. +2. Cache invalidation: trigger mitosis on an echoswarm bucket; assert + parent cache deleted, child caches built. +3. `uv run pytest tests/integration/test_cache_aug_smoke.py` passes. + +### After 4-C.4 (decode path) +1. End-to-end inference: random echoswarm query → cache_aug path runs + without crash; output is coherent (even if untrained quality is low). +2. Memory ceiling: peak MPS allocation < 14 GB during inference. + +### After 4-C.5 (trained model) +1. Training loss curve: monotonically decreasing. +2. Validation perplexity on echoswarm holdout: position-1 perp < + baseline-1 perp by ≥3%. +3. `cache_aug_state.pt` < 1 GB on disk. + +### After 4-C.6 (eval) +1. `tests/eval/results/phase4c/echoswarm_*.json` has 5 paths populated. +2. Cross-validation libugry run: cache_aug numbers in same ballpark + (within ±3 grounding). +3. Per-question diff identifies wins and losses. +4. Memory entry `project_phase_4c_result.md` saved. + +## Time + compute budget + +**Total**: ~15 working days ≈ **3 weeks elapsed wall-time** (accounting +for compute that runs while we sleep). + +| sub-phase | working days | MPS compute (wall) | +|---|---|---| +| 4-C.1 infra | 2 | 1 eval (~1.5h) | +| 4-C.2 KV cache | 2 | smoke tests | +| 4-C.3 coprocessor | 3 | smoke tests | +| 4-C.4 decode | 2 | smoke tests | +| 4-C.5 training | 5 | **2-3 days continuous training** | +| 4-C.6 eval | 1 | 2 evals (~3h) | +| 4-C.7 decision | 0.5 | — | + +Cost: $0 monetary. Local MPS compute, no API calls. + +## Risks and mitigations + +| risk | likelihood | mitigation | +|---|---|---| +| MPS OOM during training (3B frozen + 250M coprocessor + gradients) | medium | Gradient checkpointing on the coprocessor, batch size 1, accumulation; lower coprocessor to 4 blocks if needed | +| Multi-position attention mask construction is buggy | high | Smoke tests on a 4-position toy sequence before scaling. Validate against simple "single-position" reference loss. | +| KV cache I/O is slow (per-bucket disk reads) | low | Memory cache in addition to disk cache (current ChunkRetriever pattern). | +| Coprocessor outputs are too noisy / not informative | medium | Compressed CoT teacher-forcing fallback (4-C.5 extension). | +| Echoswarm fixture quality is uneven | medium | Self-generate from source code (libugry pattern); manual filter to ≥20 keepers. | +| Cross-bucket fusion architecture choice is wrong | medium | Try concatenate-then-coprocess (option A) as ablation if hierarchical (option C) underperforms. | +| Training data too sparse (echoswarm small repo) | medium | Augment with libugry pairs (cross-repo transfer test built into 4-C.6). | +| `cache_aug` < `hybrid` after all this work | possible | 4-D-C is a defined outcome, not a failure — paper still publishable with cache aug as related work. | + +## What this plan does NOT do + +- Does NOT touch `libugry`'s buckets or training weights. +- Does NOT change the routing layer (centroid only, Phase 4-A decision). +- Does NOT modify click weights. +- Does NOT change the chunk_retriever for verbatim selection. +- Does NOT build the Heima interpreter (Phase 5+). +- Does NOT do per-query coprocessor calls (would multiply inference + cost) — the coprocessor runs once at indexing time per bucket; + fusion runs per query. +- Does NOT depend on remote compute or API access. + +## Open questions deferred to during-execution + +1. Coprocessor block count: 8 is the default; if too slow or + memory-heavy, drop to 6 or 4. Defer to 4-C.3. +2. Coprocessor weight initialization: middle layers (16-23) vs + early (0-7) vs late (28-35). Defer to 4-C.3 small ablation. +3. Multi-position N_T: DeepMind uses 128, may be too dense for our + ~500-token training pairs. Try 16, 32, 64. Defer to 4-C.5. +4. Verbatim channel in `cache_aug` mode: full Phase 4-A verbatim + (1200 chars/bucket via chunk rerank) vs reduced/no verbatim + to isolate cache aug contribution. Run BOTH in 4-C.6 as + ablations (`cache_aug` with verbatim and `cache_aug_no_verbatim`). diff --git a/docs/cartridges-log.md b/docs/cartridges-log.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..26db961 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/cartridges-log.md @@ -0,0 +1,1193 @@ +# Cartridge Memory (CM) — Progress log + +Append-only log; one section per sub-stage. Newest entries at the top. +The plan being executed is `docs/cartridges-plan.md`. If the plan changes +mid-execution, add a "Plan revision" entry noting why. + +Prior tracks (V1, V2, Phase 3/4-A/4-C) are archived under `docs/archive/`. +Phase 4-C closed as a **negative result** (latent channel inert); its full +log is at `docs/archive/phase-4c/phase-4c-log.md`. CM starts fresh from that +finding. + +## Table of contents + +- CM-0 — Documentation cleanup & archive — DONE 2026-07-01 (root .md 11→6; papers consolidated to docs/papers/; phase-4c + V1/V2 plans archived) +- CM-A.0 — Scaffold + cartridge contract (TDD) — DONE 2026-07-01 (6/6 KVPrefixCartridge contract tests green; module landed) +- CM-A.1 — Single-bucket distill proof — ⚠ GATE FAIL 2026-07-02 (v1: templated queries, P=64, 2ep → 2/8) +- CM-A.1-retry — Fact-probing queries + P=128 + 4ep — ✅ GATE PASS 2026-07-02 (**latent-alone 2/8→4/8; KL 0.749→0.219; carries identifiers — "80%", garble, STRANDED. Hypothesis confirmed: query coverage was the bottleneck**) +- CM-A.2 — All-bucket distill + eval gate — ❌ GATE FAIL 2026-07-07 (latent-alone 7/25 vs gate ≥8, bit-identical across 2 evals; fe7ded0d redistill r6 clean (KL 3.69→2.69) but converts neither of its fixtures; `PYTORCH_MPS_HIGH_WATERMARK_RATIO=0.0` proven causally necessary) — **SUPERSEDED by CM-B.0a: the 7/25 was a metric artifact; re-scores to 10/25 = GATE PASS. Also ran templated queries, not the fact-probing ones the entry claims.** +- CM-B.0a — Grounding metric audit + full re-score — ✅ GATE PASS 2026-07-27 (**cartridge latent-alone 7/25 → 10/25 vs gate ≥8; baselines move ≤+1, so not general inflation; CM-A.2's negative result is overturned**) +- CM-B.0b — Query-gen fix + 3-bucket re-distill — ❌ GATE FAIL 2026-07-27 (**1/13 vs a 5/13 baseline — a regression, not a near miss. bc6b90e2 5/8→1/8 with 6/13 answers degenerate token loops. Confounded: still 120 queries, not the proven 200. Diagnostics found the verbatim cap discards 66–72% of two buckets and the eval ceiling is 20/25, not 25/25**) +- CM-B.0b-repro — CM-A.1-retry reproduction, 3 seeded draws — ❌ DOES NOT REPRODUCE 2026-07-28 (**2/8, 1/8, 1/8 — spread 1, so this is NOT noise**) +- CM-B.0d — CM-A.2's exact config, 3 seeded draws — ❌ DOES NOT REPRODUCE 2026-07-28 (**0/8, 1/8, 1/8. CM-A.2's 5/8 was a single lucky draw. Six modern draws across two configs all land at 0–2/8 against two historical single draws of 4/8 and 5/8**) +- CM-B.0e — no-context floor, 3 arms × 3 seeds — ❌ **LATENT CHANNEL INERT AT P=128** 2026-07-28 (**cartridge − floor = +0.67/8 and +0.33/16, i.e. zero at spread ±1. On the non-leaky set the base 3B scores 0.00/8 cold and the cartridge scores 0.67/8. A random prefix is ACTIVELY HARMFUL (2.33 vs floor 4.00), so `cartridge − random` overstates the benefit and must not be quoted**) +- CM-B.0f — the two surviving objections: best-epoch and P — ⚠️ **P WAS A CONSTRAINT** 2026-07-29 (**P=384 gives c−floor +3/8 and +5/16 vs +0.67 and +0.33 at P=128, and initial KL 5.68→3.63 from capacity alone. The CM-B.0e "inert" verdict was a P=128 artifact — but see 0g/0h: P was not the *binding* constraint**) +- CM-B.0g — P sweep, 384×3 seeds + 512 + 768 — ⚠️ **KL AND GROUNDING DECOUPLE HARD** 2026-07-29 (**P=768 reaches the best KL ever recorded here (1.093) and scores 2/8 — worse than P=512's 4/8 on a 3× worse KL. Threefold divergence improvement buys nothing. Diagnosis: at high P the cartridge fits the 120 self-study queries, and the fixtures ask different questions**) +- CM-B.0h — training-free KV-cache selection — ⚠️ **CONCLUSION RETRACTED by CM-B.0i** 2026-07-29 (**measured `kv_first` 13/16 vs cartridge 8/16 and concluded distillation degrades its own warm start. Both the fixture set and the conclusion were flawed: the bc6b90e2 fixtures cluster in the first quarter of the file, and `kv_first` keeps the FIRST P positions, so it won by construction. On position-stratified fixtures the two are indistinguishable**) +- CM-B.0i — position-stratified sweep on a second bucket — ✅ **TRUNCATION DOES NOT COMPRESS; UNCOMPRESSED CEILING IS 50%** 2026-07-29 (**full 4,599-token cache scores 13/26 vs floor 0/26. Score is proportional to fraction retained — 2.8%→1/26, 22%→6/26, 100%→13/26 — so no prefix carries information about text it dropped. At matched P=128 cartridge 2/26 ≈ kv_first 1/26. Both CM-B.0h/0i-precursor headlines were artifacts of self-authored, head-clustered fixtures**) +- CM-B.0j — text-in-prompt ceiling control + MPS memory profile — ✅ **THE 0i CEILING IS REAL, NOT A HARNESS ARTIFACT** 2026-07-30 (**same text as prompt tokens read with full attention scores 14/26 vs the serialised full cache's 13/26. The +1 is decode noise, not a lossy cache path: the 5 disagreements are BIDIRECTIONAL (3 text-wins, 2 cache-wins). 0i reproduces exactly — 13/26 and cartridge 2/26 — on different code paths. So `1/26 at 36×` is 8% of a REAL ceiling and the negative result stands. Also: `generate_answer` truncated silently at 3,500 tokens and would have produced a FALSE confirmation; the same cap means every cartridge here was distilled from a teacher that saw only 76% of its bucket. MPS profile: no leak of any kind, but one 4,599-token prefill permanently caches 4.5 GB that `empty_cache()` will not return**) +- CM-B.0k — query-aware KV selection (SnapKV family) — ❌ **SUPERSEDED by CM-B.0l: the +4 is the maximum of six noisy budgets, flanked by −1 at 18×** 2026-07-30 (**at P=128 / 35.9×: query-aware per-layer selection 5/26 vs `kv_first` 1/26, `kv_norm` 0/26 and the 98-minute distilled cartridge 2/26, against a 13/26 ceiling. 5× the positional selector and +3 over training, with ZERO training — but exact McNemar on the 6 discordant pairs gives p = 0.219, so NOT significant. A bit-identical repeat (0/182 verdicts and 0/182 answer texts differ) proves the pipeline is deterministic and therefore CANNOT add evidence for the effect. Also 38.5% of ceiling where the literature reports 97–99%, and it buys attention-COMPUTE not STORAGE compression. Needs ~8–1 or 6–0 discordant to clear p<0.05: more fixtures, a P sweep, or per-head+pooling**) +- CM-B.0l — query-aware selection across 6 budgets — ❌ **NO COMPRESSION MECHANISM; CM-B.0i's NEGATIVE SURVIVES ITS STRONGEST TEST** 2026-07-31 (**deltas vs `kv_first` across P = 32/64/128/256/512/1024 are +1, +2, +4, −1, +3, −1 — NOT monotone, and no budget is significant (best p = 0.219 at P=128). Query-aware never exceeds 38.5% of the 13/26 ceiling at ANY budget including 4.5×, and FALLS at P=1024 where positional overtakes it 5 vs 4. No knee, so no compression curve. CM-B.0k's +4 is the maximum of six noisy comparisons, flanked by −1 at 18×; a real mechanism would be smooth in P. The literature's own method reaches 38% here where it reports 97–99% elsewhere**) + +--- + +## CM-B.0l — the P sweep: query-aware selection has no knee (2026-07-31) + +**Status**: ❌ Closes the selection line. CM-B.0k's promising point does not survive +being surrounded by its neighbours. + +**What CM-B.0k left open.** Query-aware per-layer selection scored 5/26 at P=128 +against `kv_first`'s 1/26 — 5×, and +3 over a 98-minute distill. Exact McNemar gave +p = 0.219, so it was logged as a lead rather than a finding. Two arguments were +supposed to settle it: pooling paired comparisons across budgets for power, and a +*monotone* advantage across budgets, which is much harder to obtain by chance than +one point. Both were pre-registered in the 0k entry. Neither survived. + +### Result — 6 budgets, n=26, ceiling 13/26, seq 4,599 + +| P | ratio | `kv_first` | `kv_attn_L` | Δ | w/l | exact McNemar p | % of ceiling | +|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:| +| 32 | 143.7× | 0/26 | 1/26 | +1 | 1/0 | 1.000 | 7.7% | +| 64 | 71.9× | 1/26 | 3/26 | +2 | 3/1 | 0.625 | 23.1% | +| **128** | **35.9×** | 1/26 | **5/26** | **+4** | 5/1 | **0.219** | **38.5%** | +| 256 | 18.0× | 3/26 | 2/26 | **−1** | 1/2 | 1.000 | 15.4% | +| 512 | 9.0× | 2/26 | 5/26 | +3 | 4/1 | 0.375 | 38.5% | +| 1024 | 4.5× | 5/26 | **4/26** | **−1** | 1/2 | 1.000 | 30.8% | + +**1. No budget is significant.** P=128 stays the best at p = 0.219; everything else is +worse. Pooled across budgets is 15w/7l, p = 0.134 — but the same 26 fixtures re-tested +at six budgets are not independent, so that is descriptive and not inference. + +**2. Not monotone, and that is evidence AGAINST rather than merely absent support.** +The deltas run +1, +2, +4, −1, +3, −1. A real mechanism is smooth in P: if informed +selection genuinely works at 36×, then 18× — twice the budget — should be at least as +good. Getting +4 at 36× flanked by −1 at 18× is a random walk. CM-B.0k's headline is +the **maximum of six comparisons**. In its defence P=128 was chosen a priori, matching +the cartridge budget and 0i's measurement point rather than picked after the fact — +but its neighbours now say what it is. + +**3. No knee, which was the physically meaningful test.** Query-aware never exceeds +**38.5% of ceiling at any budget**, including 4.5× compression, and *declines* at +P=1024. A compression curve approaches the ceiling as budget grows. This one plateaus +around a third of it and then drops. + +**4. Positional overtakes it at large budgets.** At P=1024 `kv_first` scores 5/26 to +query-aware's 4/26: a contiguous 22% block beats 1,024 scattered positions. That is +the fragmentation cost SnapKV's pooling step exists to address, and it is the one +remaining untested variant — though given there is no knee at *any* budget, expect it +to move 38% toward perhaps 50%, not toward 97%. + +### Incidental finding worth keeping + +On y20 the full cache scores 0 while `kv_attn_L@128` and `@512` score 1 — **a focused +prefix beat full context.** Attention dilution across 4,599 positions is real, so the +13/26 "ceiling" is an aggregate reference and not a strict per-fixture upper bound. +Does not change the aggregate picture. + +### What this closes, and what it strengthens + +**CM-B.0i's negative survives its strongest available test.** The claim is no longer +"positional selection fails to compress" — it is now: *cartridge distillation, +positional/magnitude selection, and query-aware per-layer selection (the SnapKV +family, which reports 97–99% of full-cache accuracy at 3–19% budget) all fail to +compress this content at 3B.* Four independent mechanisms, one verified ceiling. +That is a stronger and more general result than what was in hand a day ago. + +### The reframe this forces + +**Compression was never the binding constraint.** With the ENTIRE bucket in cache and +full attention, the 3B answers **13/26 — half**. Every compression number is a +fraction of that, so selection research optimises the delivery of information the +reader cannot exploit anyway. The ceiling, not the channel, is the limit. + +### Next + +1. **Move the ceiling, or prove it cannot move.** A 7–8B eval-only sweep on rented + compute, one to two hours, under $10. If the full-cache ceiling rises from 50% to + ~80%, compression becomes worth revisiting and every number here is re-scoped. If + it stays near 50%, the limit is the fixtures or the metric — a different problem, + and one worth knowing about before any further method work. +2. **Per-head selection + pooling** — the last untested variant, low expected value + for the reason in (4) above. Cheap, so worth doing only if (1) says the ceiling can + move. +3. **Stop treating the latent channel as the headline.** See docs/cm-b-plan.md. + +**Status**: ❌ **SUPERSEDED by CM-B.0l.** The numbers below are correct; the reading is +not. The P sweep put the five neighbouring budgets around this one and found the +advantage non-monotone (+1, +2, +4, −1, +3, −1) with no knee at any budget — so the ++4 recorded here is the maximum of six noisy comparisons, not a budget-specific +effect. Read this entry for the method and the two defects it found, not for a result. + +**The gap this closes.** CM-B.0i concluded no compression mechanism exists, from a +sweep in which *every selector was query-agnostic*: `kv_first`/`kv_last`/`kv_stride` +are positional and `kv_norm` ranks by ‖K‖ — described in its own source comment as +"a cheap stand-in for attention importance that needs no second forward pass." The +literature does not use a stand-in. SnapKV / H2O / CompressKV keep the positions the +ACTUAL QUERY attends to. So 0i's negative was never a statement about the content; +it was a statement about the selector, and that was never tested. + +### Result — P=128, 35.9× compression, n=26, ceiling 13/26 + +| arm | score | % of ceiling | | +|---|---|---|---| +| floor | 0/26 | 0% | | +| `kv_norm@128` | 0/26 | 0% | query-agnostic, magnitude | +| `kv_first@128` | 1/26 | 7.7% | query-agnostic, positional | +| distilled cartridge | 2/26 | 15.4% | 98 minutes of training | +| `kv_attn@128` | 3/26 | 23.1% | **query-aware, global** | +| **`kv_attn_L@128`** | **5/26** | **38.5%** | **query-aware, per-layer** | +| full cache | 13/26 | 100% | the ceiling, 1.0× | + +`+4` over `kv_first`, `+5` over `kv_norm`, `+3` over the cartridge — with **no +training at all**, against 98 minutes of distillation. + +### Significance — the part that does not hold up + +The first draft of this entry argued the result was signal because the per-fixture +wins are *asymmetric*: query-aware takes y01, y04, y19, y20, y23 where `kv_first` +fails and loses only y06, i.e. 5–1 directional, versus CM-B.0j's 3–2 bidirectional +split that was correctly dismissed as noise. Direction genuinely is the right +discriminator for paired binary outcomes. **But the correct test was never run, and +it does not pass:** + +| comparison | wins–losses | discordant | exact two-sided McNemar | +|---|---|---|---| +| `kv_attn_L` vs `kv_first` | 5–1 | 6 | **p = 0.219** | +| `kv_attn` (global) vs `kv_first` | 3–1 | 4 | p = 0.625 | +| `kv_attn_L` vs cartridge | 3–0 | 3 | p = 0.250 | + +Six discordant pairs splitting 5–1 is well inside what a fair coin produces. The 5× +ratio and the +4 absolute are real numbers, but they do not clear a significance bar, +and "believed to be signal" was the wrong claim to write down. + +**The repeat cannot help, and this is the useful part of running it.** A second run is +**bit-identical**: 0/182 grounded verdicts and 0/182 generated answer texts differ, +with the setup memory line matching byte-for-byte. Cache building, scoring and top-p +are deterministic and the decode is greedy, so there is no seed here to vary. The +pipeline is reproducible — which rules out flakiness and is worth having — but a +deterministic experiment re-run adds exactly zero independent evidence about effect +size. (This also contradicts the ±2 MPS nondeterminism recorded from earlier work; +for this code path there is none. Possibly eager attention is more stable than SDPA.) + +**What would actually clear p < 0.05**, given the exact test: 6–0 (p = 0.031), 8–1 +(p = 0.035) or 9–1 (p = 0.020). From 5–1 that is roughly **three more net wins** — +reachable only by more fixtures, more budgets, or a stronger selector, never by +repetition. + +**Two things that do hold.** Per-layer beats global 5 vs 3, matching SnapKV's stated +reason for selecting per layer — weak evidence, but consistent with a prior rather +than tuned toward. And the yardstick held for the third time: full cache 13/26 and +cartridge 2/26 are identical across CM-B.0i, 0j and 0k on three different code paths. + +**Process note, second occurrence tonight.** Earlier in the same session I reported +"11/11 agreement, zero disagreements" at a partial tally that finished at 21/26, and +here I called 5–1 signal before testing it. Both times the pattern was read as +stronger than the data supported, and both times the direction of the error favoured +the hypothesis I was hoping for. Compute the test before writing the verdict. + +### What it does NOT say + +**38.5% of ceiling, where the literature reports 97–99%** at comparable budgets. The +mechanism exists here but is far weaker than published, and that gap is the finding +to chase, not a footnote. Two concrete suspects in this implementation: SnapKV +selects **per head** and applies a **pooling** step so kept positions form contiguous +clusters; `attn_scores` sums over heads and selects isolated positions. + +**Compute compression, not storage compression.** Scoring requires the full cache +resident, so this is not a precomputable per-bucket cartridge — a different claim +from where this track started. Stated before the run, not after. + +**Not statistically established** — p = 0.219, see the significance section above. +Nothing about tonight's history of retracted headlines earns this result an exemption +just because it is the one we wanted. + +Using the query to select is **not** leakage: the query is available at inference and +only the question is used, never the answer. + +### Two defects found building it, both of which would have produced a wrong answer + +**1. `transformers` 5.4.0 + SDPA returns `attentions=()`** — an empty tuple — and does +**not** fall back to eager. Verified directly against gpt2. Unguarded, every score +would be zero, `topk` would return positions 0..p−1, and **kv_attn would silently BE +`kv_first`** while being reported as query-aware. It would have manufactured exactly +the null result it exists to test for. `select_indices_attn` now raises and names the +fix. Loading with `attn_implementation="eager"` is mandatory for this arm. + +**2. A 1-token continuation forward SIGBUSes GPT-2** on this stack. Isolated to a +minimal repro with no libucks code: `cache=199 + piece=1` dies, while 198+2, 196+4 and +150+50 all pass in separate processes — shape-specific, not the memory pressure first +suspected. `extract_bucket_kv` folds a 1-token tail into the previous segment. + +### Chunked extraction, measured + +CM-B.0j predicted chunking would cut the 4.5 GB permanently-cached prefill transient. +It did: `driver` fell from **11,653 MB → 9,471 MB** and the cur/driver gap from +4,651 MB → 2,683 MB. That understates the effect, because this run *also* switched to +**eager** attention, which is more memory-hungry than 0j's SDPA — so the pure chunking +win is larger than the 2.2 GB visible here, with eager eating part of it back. Memory +was flat across all 26 fixtures (`cur` 6,808 MB, `driver` 9,349–9,379 MB), confirming +0j's no-leak finding on a second code path. + +### Next + +~~1. Repeat this run.~~ **DONE, and it was the wrong instrument** — bit-identical, so +it proves determinism and contributes nothing to significance. Recorded because the +reasoning error is reusable: repetition tests flakiness, not effect size, and a +deterministic pipeline makes that distinction absolute. + +1. **P sweep** — the highest-value next step, and it buys power two ways. Each budget + is another paired comparison, and a *monotone* trend across P is far harder to + obtain by chance than one point. CM-B.0i's positional selectors reached 6/26 only + at P=1024 (4.5×); if query-aware hits the 13/26 ceiling well before that, the + compression curve finally has a knee — which is what "compression works" looks + like, and what 0i showed positional selection never produces. +2. **Per-head selection + SnapKV pooling** — the two named gaps to the literature. + SnapKV selects per HEAD and pools so kept positions form contiguous clusters; + `attn_scores` sums over heads and picks isolated positions. If these lift 5/26 + toward the published range, the effect size becomes its own evidence and the + significance problem dissolves. +3. **A second fixture set or bucket** — the only route to more discordant pairs at + fixed method strength, and it also tests whether any of this generalises past one + bucket in one repo, which nothing in this track has yet established. + +--- + +## CM-B.0j — text-in-prompt ceiling control, and the MPS memory profile (2026-07-30) + +**Status**: ✅ The CM-B.0i ceiling survives its own control, and 0i reproduces exactly. + +**Why this experiment.** CM-B.0i's ceiling was 13/26 — barely half, with the ENTIRE +bucket in cache. Every compression number in this log is a fraction of that number, +so if the ceiling were itself an artifact — a lossy cache path, a too-strict metric, +a too-weak model — the whole log would be measured against a bent ruler. The control +feeds the same bucket text as prompt tokens the model reads with full attention. +Causal attention makes that **mathematically identical** to a full-cache prefix, so +any gap localises a bug rather than merely suggesting one. + +### Result + +| arm | score | how the prefix arrived | +|---|---|---| +| floor (no memory) | **0/26** | nothing attached | +| **text in prompt** | **14/26** | live prefill, never serialised | +| **whole cache (P=5100)** | **13/26** | bf16 → CPU → float32 → `index_select` → bf16 | +| distilled cartridge | 2/26 | 98 min of distillation at P=128 | + +`text − whole cache = +1`. **The ceiling is real** — model- and fixture-bound, not +harness-bound. + +**The load-bearing evidence is the direction of the disagreements, not the totals.** +The two arms agree on 21/26 fixtures. Of the 5 that differ, text wins y15, y17, y22 +and **cache wins y18, y24**. A lossy round-trip would lose *one-directionally*; a +symmetric ±5 scatter netting +1 is decode nondeterminism, already measured on this +hardware at ~2/25 answers. (An earlier progress note in this session claimed +"11/11, zero disagreements" at the 11-fixture mark — true then, but it did not hold +for the full run, and the weaker-but-correct argument is the directional one.) + +**Consequence: the negative result stands.** `1/26 at 35.9× compression` is 8% of a +ceiling that has now been independently checked, not an artifact of a broken one. + +**CM-B.0i reproduced exactly.** Whole cache 13/26 and cartridge 2/26, identical to +0i despite a different code path (the text arm routes through a new `prefix_factory`, +and `generate_answer` now raises rather than truncates) and a machine deep in swap. + +### Three defects found building the control + +**1. Silent truncation — third occurrence in this project.** `generate_answer` +tokenised with `truncation=True, max_length=3500`, and Qwen's `truncation_side` is +`right`. The longest control prompt is 4,626 tokens, so **1,126 tokens (24%) would +have been dropped from the TAIL** — exactly where the stratified set deliberately +places a quarter of its answers. The crippled control would have scored low, matched +the cache arm, and *confirmed* the ceiling for entirely the wrong reason. This fails +toward a **false positive**, which is worse than a crash. `generate_answer` now +raises on overflow; see `tests/unit/test_prompt_budget.py`. + +**2. The distillation teacher shares that cap.** Naming the constant exposed that +both teacher paths use it, so **every cartridge distilled against this bucket was +supervised by a teacher that saw only the first 3,500 of 4,599 tokens — 76%.** On a +set where roughly a quarter of the questions target the last 24%, the cartridge could +not have learned those answers however well distillation works. Deliberately NOT +changed, because changing it silently re-scopes every prior run. But it means the +2/26 cartridge figure is **not a clean measurement of distillation capacity**: +handicapped teacher, not merely weak student. 2/26 against a floor of 0/26 is still +near-floor, so this does not overturn anything — it bounds the claim. + +**3. A reuse hazard in the fix itself.** `DynamicCache` is mutated in place by the +decode loop. Handing the same object to successive fixtures would append fixture N's +question and answer to fixture N+1's prefix — silent cross-contamination of all 25 +later fixtures, scores drifting upward, looking exactly like a result. The API +therefore takes a **factory, not a cache**, so freshness is structural rather than a +caller convention. + +**Also verified rather than assumed:** prefilling `verbatim + "\n\n"` and forwarding +only `"Question: …\nAnswer:"` equals a single-shot prompt *only* if tokenisation is +split-invariant at the junction, and BPE is not in general. Checked token-exact on +all 26 fixtures; the script exits naming the offender if any disagrees. + +### MPS memory profile — useful well beyond this experiment + +| | measured over 26 fixtures | +|---|---| +| tensors (`current_allocated_memory`) | **7,002 MB, range 0 MB** | +| taken from OS (`driver_allocated_memory`) | **11,247–12,271 MB, range 1,024 MB, not climbing** | + +- **No tensor leak** — `cur` pinned to the byte across the whole run. +- **No allocator leak** — `driver` plateaued after a single 610 MB warm-up fixture + (fixture 2 added 8 MB) and then oscillated without trend. +- The **4.5 GB gap** between the two is the transient attention workspace of the + single 4,599-token prefill, cached and **not released by + `torch.mps.empty_cache()`** — the reading above is taken *after* an explicit call. + With `PYTORCH_MPS_HIGH_WATERMARK_RATIO=0.0` (mandatory here) nothing forces it back. +- **So the real requirement is 12.3 GB**, not the 7.0 GB the tensors imply. On a + 16 GB machine that is why four attempts were needed. +- **Fix worth doing regardless**: chunk long prefills into ~512-token segments — + identical under causal attention — which should cut peak demand to ~7.5 GB. + `extract_bucket_kv` performs the same single long forward and needs the same + treatment. This plausibly explains MPS memory trouble in CM-A and Phase 4-C. + +**Process note, recorded because it cost four launches.** After three failures I +diagnosed a per-fixture leak *by inference* and proposed chunking the run across +processes. That was wrong: two of the three failures had launched with 3–4 GB +available against a 7.2 GB requirement, and the third ran a different design. Five +lines of instrumentation settled in two fixtures what three runs of reasoning had got +backwards. **Measure allocator behaviour; never infer it.** + +### Next + +The ceiling is trustworthy and it is ~50%, which bounds every compression scheme on +this bucket. The mechanism this project has **never tested** is *informed* selection: +every selector in `cm_kv_prune.py` is query-agnostic — `kv_first`/`kv_last`/ +`kv_stride` are positional, `kv_norm` is ‖K‖ magnitude, and its own comment concedes +it is "a cheap stand-in for attention importance." The literature does not use a +stand-in. SnapKV / H2O / [CompressKV](https://arxiv.org/html/2606.24467v1) select the +positions the **actual query** attends to and report 97–99% of full-cache accuracy at +3–19% budget; [CodeComp](https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.10235) (Apr 2026, agentic coding — +the closest prior work to libucks) selects by code-property-graph structure instead. +We measured 8% of ceiling at 3% budget with a dumb selector and concluded the +mechanism does not exist. `kv_attn` is ~30 lines against the existing +`select_indices(flat, how, p)` interface. + +**Caveat to state up front**: query-aware selection needs the full cache resident at +query time to select from, so it buys **attention-compute** compression, not +**storage** compression. That is a different product claim from "small per-bucket +cartridge" — but it is the correct test of whether a compression mechanism exists +here at all, and it is the only apples-to-apples comparison with those papers. + +--- + +## CM-B.0i — position-stratified sweep on 95c8e099 (2026-07-29) + +**Status**: ✅ A clean answer, and it retracts two claims made earlier the same day. + +**Why a new fixture set.** The bc6b90e2 extension set (16 fixtures, authored by +reading that bucket's text) produced an apparently clean compression curve. It was +an artifact — the scores tracked the count of fixtures whose keywords fall inside +the first P tokens almost exactly: + +| P | positional ceiling | actual | +|---|---|---| +| 128 | 8/16 | 8/16 | +| 256 | 11/16 | 11/16 | +| 384 | 14/16 | 12/16 | + +Those questions clustered in the head of the file, and `kv_first` keeps the FIRST P +positions. A head-clustered set cannot distinguish truncation from compression. + +**The new set**: 26 fixtures for `95c8e099` (`simulation.py`, 20,013 chars / 4,599 +tokens) — a different bucket and file from the one the mechanism was developed +against. Facts spread from token ~115 to ~4,818, with the spread enforced by tests +(≤35% answerable from the first eighth, ≥25% needing past the midpoint, no gap over +25% of the document). Routing deliberately bypassed via an explicit `bucket` field: +14 of the first 20 questions routed elsewhere because simulation.py is the +orchestrator, and this experiment asks whether a bucket's CACHE carries its +content, not whether the router finds the bucket. + +### Result + +| P | compression | score | fraction retained | +|---|---|---|---| +| floor (no memory) | — | **0/26** | — | +| 32 | 143.7× | 0/26 | 0.7% | +| 64 | 71.9× | 1/26 | 1.4% | +| 128 | 35.9× | 1/26 | 2.8% | +| 256 | 18.0× | 2/26 | 5.6% | +| 512 | 9.0× | 2/26 | 11% | +| 1024 | 4.5× | 6/26 | 22% | +| 2048 | 2.25× | 8/26 | 45% | +| **4,599 (full cache)** | **1.0×** | **13/26** | 100% | +| distilled cartridge | P=128 | 2/26 | — | + +**1. Prefix truncation does not compress.** Score is proportional to fraction +retained, near-linearly. At 36× compression it sits at the positional ceiling. +There is no regime in which a small prefix carries information about text it +dropped — it answers what it literally contains. + +**2. The uncompressed ceiling is 13/26 (50%).** With the entire document present as +KV, unmodified, the 3B answers half these questions and fails the other half. This +bounds every compression scheme: none can exceed the uncompressed cache. The best +compressed arm at any real ratio is 6/26 at 4.5×. + +**3. Distillation ≈ truncation at matched size.** cartridge@128 2/26 vs +kv_first@128 1/26 — indistinguishable, both near zero. + +### Retractions + +**CM-B.0h's conclusion is withdrawn.** "98 minutes of distillation leaves the +cartridge worse than its own initialisation" (13/16 vs 8/16 at P=768) was an +artifact: `kv_first@768` covered 76% of `agents.py`, including all the early +content those fixtures asked about. It won by containing the answers, not by being +a better mechanism. At matched P on stratified fixtures the cartridge is if +anything marginally ahead. + +**The CM-B.0i-precursor "compression curve" is withdrawn** for the same reason. +"3.9× retains 85%" was really "11 of my 16 questions are about the first quarter of +the file." + +Both retracted claims came from fixtures written by reading the target bucket. That +is the third distinct way self-authored fixtures measured the wrong thing this +session, after the keyword-echo leak (floor 4/16) and the 8-fixture set's total +lack of resolving power (2/8 at P=32 and 2/8 at P=384). + +**Two bugs in the analysis tooling, both mine:** the `min_P` helper used +`int(len/2)-1` where `grounding_score` needs `ceil(len/2)` hits — off by one for +odd keyword counts, understating head-availability; and `cm_kv_sweep` inherited +`max_chars=4096` from the distillation path, capping a 20,013-char bucket at its +first 1,021 tokens. The second was caught 45 s in from a `seq_len=1021` log line. +Recomputing the ceiling with the corrected index changes 9→8 at P=128 and 15→14 at +P=384 — the retraction stands either way. + +### What survives from earlier in the day + +- P=128 was genuinely too small for distillation (initial KL 5.68 → 3.63 at P=384). +- KL and grounding decouple: P=768 reached the best KL recorded here (1.093) and + scored 2/8. Distillation overfits the 120 self-study queries. +- Neither historical "pass" reproduces — six modern draws across two configs land + at 0–2/8 against single historical draws of 4/8 and 5/8. +- `CM_SEED` gives only approximate reproducibility; fixed-seed epoch-0 KL varied + 33% at P=384 from MPS nondeterminism. + +### Where this leaves the track + +**No compression mechanism has been demonstrated.** Raw cache works but does not +compress; distillation does not help. That is precisely the gap a *learned* +compressor addresses — AutoCompressor (arXiv 2305.14788) reaches 40 tokens per +summary vector by training one compressor over a corpus and encoding each document +in a single forward pass, and reports the same honest limitation we observe +independently ("summary vectors ignore some useful information accessible via full +attention"; their REPLUG top-10 text retrieval beats their own summary vectors). + +The 50% uncompressed ceiling is the number to build on, because it bounds +everything else and is measured on a hostile fixture set. It argues the next +question is **model scale or an amortised compressor**, not another selection +heuristic. + +**Still unknown**: whether a learned compressor works here; whether any of this +generalises past one bucket in one repo; multi-bucket composition (CAS reports +naive concatenation collapses, which is likely what CM-A.2's multi-bucket top-k +concat hit); and whether 3B is the binding limit. + +--- + +## CM-B.0g / CM-B.0h — the P sweep, and what actually carries the content (2026-07-29) + +**Status**: ❌ for context distillation, ✅ for the latent channel itself. The +memory works — the training destroys it. + +### 0g — P sweep: KL improves 3×, grounding does not move + +Five arms, CM-A.2's config with `CM_KEEP_BEST=1`, floor 0 on both sets in every arm. + +| arm | final KL | orig 8 | ext 16 (de-leaked) | +|---|---|---|---| +| P=384 s1 | 3.317 | 1 | 5 | +| P=384 s2 | 3.859 | 4 | 9 | +| P=384 s3 | 4.034 | 1 | 9 | +| P=512 s1 | **1.151** | 4 | 7 | +| P=768 s1 | **1.093** | **2** | 8 | + +P=384 across seeds: orig8 mean 2.0 (spread 3), ext16 mean 7.67 (spread 4). +Comparable back to P=128 on orig8: **0.67 → 2.25 (P≥384)**, so raising P did help. + +**But P=768 has the best KL ever recorded in this project (1.093) and scores 2/8** — +worse than P=512's 4/8 at a 3× worse KL. A threefold reduction in divergence buys +nothing. This is the KL/grounding decoupling, now unambiguous. + +**Diagnosis**: at high P the cartridge fits the 120 self-study queries very well; +the fixtures ask different questions. It is overfitting the self-study set, not +learning the document. Capacity was *a* constraint; removing it exposed the real +one, which is **supervision coverage**. + +**Correction**: the CM-B.0b-repro finding that "200 queries vs 120 makes no +difference" was measured at P=128, where capacity was binding, so it could not +have shown a query-count effect. That test is void, not negative. + +### 0h — the training-free comparison + +`kv_first` is the first P positions of the **real** extracted cache. It is provably +identical to `init_from_extracted_kv` (asserted in +`test_kv_prune_selectors.py`), so `cartridge − kv_first` is exactly what the +gradient steps add. + +| run | floor | **kv_first** | kv_last | kv_stride | kv_norm | **cartridge** | cart − kv_first | +|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| +| P=384 ext16 | 0 | **12/16** | 0 | 7 | 0 | 9/16 | **−3** | +| P=384 orig8 | 0 | 2/8 | 0 | **3** | 0 | **4/8** | +2 | +| P=768 ext16 | 0 | **13/16** | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8/16 | **−5** | +| P=768 orig8 | 0 | **3/8** | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2/8 | **−1** | + +> **⚠️ RETRACTED — see CM-B.0i.** The conclusion below does not hold. These +> fixtures cluster in the first quarter of `agents.py`, and `kv_first` keeps the +> FIRST P positions, so it won by containing the answers rather than by being a +> better mechanism. On position-stratified fixtures at matched P the cartridge is +> if anything marginally ahead (2/26 vs 1/26). The numbers in the table are real; +> the interpretation was wrong. + +**On 3 of 4 measurements, 98 minutes of distillation leaves the cartridge worse +than its own initialisation.** At P=768 on the 16-item set, 13/16 untrained +against 8/16 distilled. + +This retro-explains the whole track: KL improves while grounding does not because +training overwrites the real activations that were already carrying the answers; +"structure, not identifiers" because the real cache *has* the identifiers and +distillation washes them out; more capacity does not help because it is more room +to overfit; and CM-A.1-retry never reproduced because it was probably never far +from the warm start. + +**The positive result is the larger one**: 13/16 against a 0/16 floor, from a +single forward pass, no training. The latent channel carries repo content fine. +Compression degrades gracefully — 12/16 at P=384 (2.6×) vs 13/16 at P=768 (1.3×), +so halving the budget cost one fixture. + +**Mechanism — contiguity**: `kv_first` ≫ `kv_stride` ≫ `kv_norm` ≈ `kv_last`. The +stride arm at P=768 takes 768 of 1,009 positions with irregular gaps of 1–2, which +scrambles the relative offsets RoPE encodes, and collapses to 1/16. `kv_last` +drops the file's opening, where the enum definitions most fixtures ask about live. +A **contiguous** prefix of the real cache is what works. + +**Methodological gain**: the training-free arms have no seed and no optimiser, so +their only variance is MPS decode noise (~2 answers in 25). They are reproducible +in a way no cartridge in this project has been — which retires the spread-of-3-to-4 +problem that made every previous number hard to read. + +### Caveats + +- n=1 per configuration in 0h, and orig8 disagrees at P=384 (cartridge +2). Not + unanimous. +- The ext16 numbers are **not comparable across stages**: the de-leaked fixture + set landed mid-sweep (01:13). Within 0g/0h they are consistent; against 0f's + 9/16 they are not. +- `CM_SEED` gives only approximate reproducibility. Two runs at identical config + and seed produced epoch-0 KL of 3.6252 and 4.8253 — a 33% swing from MPS + floating-point nondeterminism, far larger at P=384 than the ~1.2% seen at P=128. + Larger P appears to buy capacity at the cost of optimisation stability. + +### Consequence for the plan + +**Stage 1 (Living Cartridges) is closed — and for a better reason than "it fails".** +Its premise was that rebuilding a bucket's memory costs ~7,200 s, making cheap +repair a research question. If memory is a truncated real cache, rebuild is **one +forward pass**. The problem Stage 1 was designed to solve does not exist. Do not +build the model-backed `TrialRunner`. + +**Next**: CM-B.0i — sweep `kv_first` over P ∈ {32, 64, 128, 256, 384, 512, 768} on +both fixture sets to map the compression/accuracy curve. Minutes per point instead +of 98, and deterministic. This is the tradeoff curve the project has been trying to +locate since Phase 4-C. + +--- + +## CM-B.0f — the two objections that survived the bug audit (2026-07-29) + +**Status**: ⚠️ The CM-B.0e negative does not hold at larger P. **P, not the recipe, +was the binding constraint** — and every negative in this track, Phase 4-C +included, was measured at P=64 or P=128. + +**Why only these two arms.** CM-B.0e found cartridge − floor ≈ 0. Most defects +found in the audit bias *downward* (verbatim truncation, unreachable fixtures, +template padding, last-epoch save), and cartridge−floor is a within-run contrast +where nearly all of them cancel: all three arms share fixtures, metric, decoder +and model. Exactly two objections survived, and neither had ever been tested. + +Both arms: CM-A.2's config (120 q, 32 answer tokens, fact-probing templates), +seed 1, scored against all three floor arms on both fixture sets. + +### Arm 1 — best-epoch promotion (P=128, `CM_KEEP_BEST=1`) + +``` +epoch 0: 5.6837 epoch 1: 3.9904 <- best, PROMOTED +epoch 2: 4.0649 epoch 3: 4.0392 <- would have shipped +``` + +| | floor | random | cartridge | **c−floor** | +|---|---|---|---|---| +| orig 8 | 0 | 1 | 2 | **+2** | +| ext 16 | 4 | 2 | 6 | **+2** | + +Better than the +0.67 / +0.33 of three last-epoch seeds — but the KL gain was +only **0.05** (3.9904 vs 4.0392). A 1.2% KL improvement producing +2 fixtures on +both sets is not a proportionate mechanism; it is more consistent with the +fixture score being a coarse readout of an almost-unchanged cartridge. Treat as +weak. + +### Arm 2 — P=384 (`CM_PREFIX_LEN=384`, last-epoch) + +``` +epoch 0: 3.6252 epoch 1: 3.3418 +epoch 2: 3.3194 epoch 3: 4.7843 <- SHIPPED (keep_best=False on this arm) +``` + +| | floor | random | cartridge | **c−floor** | +|---|---|---|---|---| +| orig 8 | 0 | 1 | **3** | **+3** | +| ext 16 | 4 | 3 | **9** | **+5** | + +**Initial KL fell 5.68 → 3.63 from the capacity change alone**, and this arm +shipped its *worst* epoch (4.7843 against epoch 2's 3.3194) because best-epoch +was off — so there is headroom on top of these numbers. + +### Reading + +P is a **positional bandwidth** constraint, not a parameter-count one. At P=128 +the cartridge has 2.36 M parameters for 4,132 characters — ~570 parameters per +character, wildly overparameterised. What it lacks is *places to look*: the +verbatim occupies ~1,009 token positions and attention can only attend to P of +them. P=128 is 7.9× positional compression; P=384 is 2.6×. That is also the +cleanest explanation yet for the recurring "structure, not identifiers" failure — +structure compresses, literal strings like `source_justification` do not. + +**Correction to the CM-B.0e entry**: its verdict should read "inert **at P=128**". +The conclusion was correct for the configuration measured and wrong as a general +claim about the channel. The session estimate that these two levers had a ~15–20% +chance of overturning the negative was too pessimistic. + +**Still true and unchanged**: `cartridge − random` remains unquotable (a random +prefix is actively harmful, so it is a negative baseline), and the extension set +still leaks with a floor of 4/16. + +**Interpretive limit for the sweep that follows.** bc6b90e2's verbatim is ~1,009 +tokens, so P=128 is 7.9× compression, P=384 2.6×, P=512 2.0× and P=768 only 1.3×. +As P approaches seq_len the cartridge stops being a compression of the KV cache +and becomes a reparameterisation of it — at which point training-free KV-cache +pruning (SnapKV/H2O-style attention-score selection of the *real* cache) is the +simpler answer to the same problem, and one that cannot lose literal identifiers +because it never has to relearn them. P=768 is an upper bound, not a proposal. + +**Consequence for Stage 1**: the CM-B.0e entry declared Living Cartridges dead as +designed. That is **suspended pending CM-B.0g**. If P=384 holds across seeds, a +cartridge that carries real content exists and cheap repair of it is a live +question again. + +**Next**: CM-B.0g — P=384 across seeds 1–3 with best-epoch on (confirmation), then +P=512 and P=768 at one seed each (scaling). + +--- + +## CM-B.0d / CM-B.0e — reproduction of CM-A.2, and the no-context floor (2026-07-28) + +**Status**: ❌ The cartridge channel is inert on bc6b90e2. Distillation contributes +nothing measurable over having no memory at all. + +### 0d — CM-A.2's exact config does not reproduce either + +120 queries, `max_answer_tokens=32`, fact-probing templates, P=128, 4ep, seeds 1–3: +**0/8, 1/8, 1/8** (mean 0.67, spread 1). KL 5.754→2.987, 5.761→3.341, +6.171→4.860 — note epoch 2 *rose* in all three runs. + +| run | date | queries | ans tok | qgen | score | +|---|---|---|---|---|---| +| CM-A.1-retry | Jul 2 | 200 | 48 | templates | 4/8 (n=1) | +| CM-A.2 | Jul 7 | 120 | 32 | templates | 5/8 (n=1) | +| CM-B.0b-repro | Jul 28 | 200 | 48 | templates | 2, 1, 1 | +| CM-B.0d | Jul 28 | 120 | 32 | templates | 0, 1, 1 | + +**Correction to the CM-B.0b-repro entry above.** It concluded "200/48 is +reproducibly worse than 120/32". That was wrong — 120/32 measures 0.67 and 200/48 +measures 1.33; both configs land in the same place. A one-fixture difference was +read as signal, immediately after warning against exactly that. + +All six modern draws start at KL 5.7–6.2 with within-config spread ~0.4, against +CM-A.1-retry's claimed 0.749. Two *different* query counts landing in the same +band also refutes the earlier suggestion that query-set composition explains the +KL level. Every identifiable variable is now excluded: verbatim slicing (CM-A.2 +ran after the fix), environment (torch/transformers/weights all predate Jul 2), +query count, answer budget, templates-vs-model, P, epochs, lr, and the two +scripts' setup paths. **No surviving artifact from Jul 2 or Jul 7 exists to +diagnose against.** The only two "passes" this track recorded are unreproducible +and unexplained. + +### 0e — the floor, 3 arms × 3 seeds + +`floor` = no prefix, `random` = untrained prefix of identical geometry, +`cartridge` = the distilled prefix. All three share the fixtures, metric, decoder +and model; `generate_answer(cartridge=None)` gives the floor, so the arms differ +in exactly one respect. + +**Original 8 fixtures** + +| seed | floor | random | cartridge | c−floor | c−random | +|---|---|---|---|---|---| +| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | +0 | −1 | +| 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | +1 | +1 | +| 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | +1 | +0 | +| **mean** | **0.00** | **0.67** | **0.67** | **+0.67** | **+0.00** | + +**Extension 16 fixtures** + +| seed | floor | random | cartridge | c−floor | c−random | +|---|---|---|---|---|---| +| 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | −1 | +0 | +| 2 | 4 | 2 | 5 | +1 | +3 | +| 3 | 4 | 2 | 5 | +1 | +3 | +| **mean** | **4.00** | **2.33** | **4.33** | **+0.33** | **+2.00** | + +**The result**: `cartridge − floor` is +0.67/8 and +0.33/16 — zero at spread ±1. +On the non-leaky set the base 3B scores **0.00/8 cold** and the cartridge, holding +the bucket's entire source distilled into 2.36M parameters, scores **0.67/8**. + +### Two corrections, both to work done the same day + +1. **`cartridge − random` is a misleading statistic and I introduced it.** It was + meant to separate learned content from the mere presence of P extra attendable + positions. But a random prefix is *actively harmful* — 2.33 vs a floor of 4.00 + on the extension set — so it is a negative baseline, not a neutral one. The + +2.00 mean therefore mostly measures the cartridge *undoing the damage a random + prefix does*, ending back at roughly floor level. **`cartridge − floor` is the + only defensible statistic.** The single-seed "+3" reported earlier should not + be quoted as a positive signal. +2. **The extension fixture set leaks.** Its floor is 4.00/16: the base model + answers x09, x11, x12, x15 correctly with no memory, because questions like + "what are the five states an agent can be in?" invite guesses that are right. + Those items must be replaced before the set is used for anything. + +### Consequence for the plan + +**Stage 1 (Living Cartridges) is dead as designed.** Its premise is "when a bucket +changes, can its cartridge be repaired cheaply rather than rebuilt?" If the +cartridge contributes ~0 over no memory, repair is repairing nothing and the +relative claim (repair ≈ rebuild, cheaper) is trivially true and uninteresting. +Do not build the model-backed `TrialRunner`. + +**Scope of the negative**: this is evidence about context distillation *at laptop +scale* — Qwen2.5-3B, P=128, ~90 min/cartridge — not about the idea. Published +Cartridges/CAS results use far larger models and orders of magnitude more compute. +It is decisive about whether the technique is available to libucks: it is not. + +**Next**: CM-B.0f — the only two objections that survive the bug audit, since +most defects found bias downward and cancel in a within-run contrast: +(a) every run shipped the LAST epoch though KL rose at epoch 2 in all three 0d +seeds — `CM_KEEP_BEST=1` promotes the best; (b) P has never been varied — +`CM_PREFIX_LEN=384`. One seed each, both scored against all three floor arms. If +the cartridge still fails to beat the floor under both, the negative stands with +its plausible objections closed rather than merely unexamined. + +--- + +## CM-B.0b-repro — CM-A.1-retry reproduction, 3 seeded draws (2026-07-28) + +**Status**: ❌ The only "pass" in this track does not reproduce — and the recipe +credited for it is actively harmful. + +**Ran**: bc6b90e2, the exact CM-A.1-retry recipe — 200 queries, +`max_answer_tokens=48`, fact-probing templates (`CM_MODEL_QUERIES=0`), P=128, +4 epochs, lr 1e-2, verbatim 4096, extract 1024, last-epoch save (matching the +original protocol; best-epoch selection deliberately deferred). Draw 1 unseeded, +draws 2–3 at `CM_SEED=1,2`. 12,945 s + 2×~10,000 s. + +| draw | KL init → final | score | +|---|---|---| +| s0 (unseeded) | 5.763 → 4.335 | 2/8 | +| s1 (seed=1) | — | 1/8 | +| s2 (seed=2) | — | 1/8 | + +**mean 1.33, range 1–2, spread 1, stdev 0.58.** First error bar this track has +ever had. The pre-registered read was "spread ≥3 means every finding collapses +into noise" — it is 1, so the findings are real. + +### The recipe is the problem, not the environment + +| run | date | queries | ans tok | qgen | score | +|---|---|---|---|---|---| +| CM-A.1-retry | Jul 2 | 200 | 48 | templates | 4/8 (claimed) | +| **CM-A.2** | Jul 7 | **120** | **32** | templates | **5/8** | +| CM-B.0b | Jul 27 | 120 | 32 | 0.5B model | 1/8 | +| CM-B.0b-repro | Jul 28 | 200 | 48 | templates | 1–2/8 | + +Per-fixture, today's config loses **echoswarm_02, 03, 04 in all three draws** and +gains nothing. echoswarm_01 always grounds; 07/19/20 never ground in any config. +A consistent monotone loss, not sampling. + +**CM-A.2 ran 2026-07-07, four days AFTER the slice-on-overflow fix (30ee434, +07-03).** It therefore had the identical post-fix verbatim, identical templates, +identical P and epochs. The only differences from today are query count +(120 vs 200) and answer budget (32 vs 48). So: + +- **Verbatim slicing is ruled out** as the cause. `CM_VERBATIM_CHARS` still + reproduces the pre-fix text byte-for-byte (=3868 → 3898 chars, clean chunk + boundary) and remains available, but it is no longer the suspect. +- **Environment drift is ruled out**: torch 2.11.0 (site-packages May 14), + transformers 5.4.0 (Mar 31), safetensors (Mar 31), Qwen2.5-3B weights snapshot + `3aab1f19` (Apr 4). All predate Jul 2. The only lockfile change since + (`4d6d982`) merely dropped `bitsandbytes` on macOS. +- **CM-B.0b's collapse was not mainly the 0.5B generator.** Templates at 200/48 + also give 1/8. Two independent changes were each harmful. + +### Corrections to the record + +1. **KL is not comparable across runs with different query sets.** It is measured + against teacher answers for that run's queries, and the query sets differ (the + identifier list shifts: `agent`/`bool` in, `n_drop`/`pop` out). An earlier + claim in this session that "the 20× KL gap is too stable to be noise" was + unsound. The score comparison, called the weaker evidence at the time, is what + held up. +2. **The eval is not bit-deterministic.** `echoswarm_cartridge_A2.json` and + `A2_r1_fail7.json` are the same cartridge scored twice: verdicts identical + (7/25), but answer TEXT differs on echoswarm_10 and echoswarm_16. CM-A.2's + "bit-identical across 2 evals" is wrong — the score matched, the text did not. + Likely MPS reduction ordering flipping an argmax. +3. **`_collect_source_text` overshoots `max_chars`** by (blocks−1)×6, because it + sums block lengths but joins with a 6-char separator (+36 at the 4096 + default). Left unchanged and documented: fixing it would shift every verbatim + length and break comparability. Also: pre-fix verbatim is 3898 chars, not the + 3868 quoted earlier in this session (that figure omitted separators). + +### Leading hypothesis + +At P=128 the prefix cannot absorb 200 queries' worth of signal, and 48-token +teacher answers dilute it further — so *more* self-study makes the cartridge +worse, not better. This is the opposite of the CM-A.2 log's own recommendation to +scale queries to 512–1000, which should now be considered withdrawn. + +**Next**: CM-B.0d — reproduce CM-A.2's exact config (120 q, 32 answer tokens, +templates) on bc6b90e2 across 3 seeds. If 5/8 returns, the finding is "more +queries and longer answers hurt at P=128" and we have a working recipe for the +first time. If it does not, CM-A.2's 5/8 was itself one lucky draw and nothing in +this track has ever worked — which supersedes Stage 1 and every downstream plan. +Also queued: the 16-fixture bc6b90e2 extension set (24 items total) for a +better-powered read, scored separately since it changes the denominator. + +--- + +## CM-B.0b — Query-gen fix + 3-bucket re-distill (2026-07-27) + +**Status**: ❌ GATE FAIL — and a regression against the bucket it was meant to help. + +**Ran**: `cm_distill_buckets.py --buckets bc6b90e2,40615ba9,fe7ded0d --force`, +3h32m + 2 buckets, 0 failures. Query generator wired per plan (`Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct`). + +| bucket | KL start → end | time | grounding before → after | +|---|---|---|---| +| `40615ba9` | 0.536 → **0.227** | 8,134 s | 0/3 → 0/3 | +| `bc6b90e2` | 5.443 → **5.228** | 6,796 s | 5/8 → **1/8** | +| `fe7ded0d` | 3.880 → **2.749** | 5,874 s | 0/2 → 0/2 | + +**Gate**: the plan said "currently 2/13, pass at ≥5/13". That 2/13 was scored with the +**pre-0a** metric. Re-scoring the *unchanged* CM-A.2 cartridges with `grounding_score` +gives **5/13** (bc6b90e2 5/8, 40615ba9 0/3, fe7ded0d 0/2). So ≥5/13 was the *baseline*, +not a bar. Result **1/13**. The gate text in `cm-b-plan.md` has been corrected. + +**Six of thirteen answers are degenerate token loops** — `'TheORYoryoryory…'`, +`'A Skeptical agent isatisatisatis…'` — all from bc6b90e2. Not weak grounding; the +cartridge is corrupting generation. + +### The query-gen hypothesis is dead + +`fe7ded0d` was chosen to isolate it: 6 clean re-distills under the old template config +gave KL 3.69→2.69; fact-probing queries gave **3.880→2.749**. Same trajectory, +marginally worse. The generator was never the lever. + +It also only partly applied: the 0.5B model produced **84/120** distinct questions for +bc6b90e2 and **81/120** for fe7ded0d — the shortfall was silently padded with the exact +templates CM-A.1 identified as the bottleneck. `40615ba9` got 112/120 and had the best +KL by 20×. The `if not qs` guard at `:186` can never fire, because +`generate_self_study_queries` always tops up to `n`; it was giving false assurance. + +### KL is decoupled from grounding — proven both directions + +`40615ba9` reached **KL 0.227** — better than CM-A.1-retry's passing 0.219 — and +grounded **0/3**. Do not read KL as a proxy for the gate. CM-A.2 made the same mistake. + +### Diagnostics (zero compute) + +**1. The 4096-char verbatim cap discards most of some buckets.** + +| bucket | true content | distilled | discarded | +|---|---|---|---| +| `40615ba9` | 14,852 ch | 4,126 | **72%** | +| `fe7ded0d` | 11,999 ch | 4,102 | **66%** | +| `bc6b90e2` | 4,661 ch | 4,132 | 11% | + +Query-gen sees only `bucket_text[:3000]` (`self_study.py:98`) — 73% of the kept text, +20% of 40615ba9's real content. Cross-bucket KL comparisons are invalid while +truncation ratios differ this much: a heavily-truncated bucket has an easier target. + +**2. The eval ceiling is 20/25, not 25/25.** Under `grounding_score` (≥50% of keywords), +five fixtures cannot be answered from the routed bucket's kept verbatim: +echoswarm_05 (1/3), 06 (0/3), 07 (0/4), 16 (0/5), 23 (1/5). On the 13-fixture subset the +ceiling is **10/13**. Raising the cap would fix only **05 and 06** — 07, 16 and 23 fail +because their keywords are not in the routed bucket at all, which is a *routing* defect. + +**3. Truncation is NOT what blocks 40615ba9.** All six identifiers echoswarm_11 needs +(`who`, `what`, `where`, `when`, `which_route`, `source_justification`) were inside the +3,000 chars query-gen read *and* the 4,126 distilled. KL 0.227. The answer invented +`"message"`, `"location"`, `"time"`… — fluent, plausible, wrong. Nothing was missing, +nothing unqueried, convergence excellent, identifiers still not retained. This is +CM-A.2's "structure, not identifiers" under the cleanest possible conditions. + +**4. The truncation fix (`30ee434`, 2026-07-03) is not the regression cause.** Pre- vs +post-fix verbatim: 40615ba9 3,325→4,126, bc6b90e2 **3,868→4,132 (+7%)**, fe7ded0d +2,809→4,102. A 7% content change cannot explain bc6b90e2's initial KL going 0.749→5.443. + +**The one variable never tested**: CM-A.1-retry used **200 queries and +`max_answer_tokens=48`**. CM-A.2 used 120/32. CM-B.0b used **120/32 again**. Listing six +JSON keys does not fit in 32 tokens, so the teacher never demonstrated the full fact. + +**Next**: CM-B.0c — faithful CM-A.1-retry reproduction on bc6b90e2 (200 q, +`max_answer_tokens=48`, P=128, 4ep, last-epoch save to match the original protocol). +8 fixtures = the best-powered readout available. If 4/8 does not return, no result in +this track is trustworthy and that supersedes every downstream plan. + +--- + +## CM-B.0a — Grounding metric audit + full re-score (2026-07-27) + +**Status**: ✅ GATE PASS — CM-A.2's ❌ is overturned. Zero compute; scoring only. + +**Found**: `_grounding_score` (`test_latent_vs_baseline.py:451`) did plain +case-insensitive substring matching, so a correct answer in a different surface form +scored as wrong. Three of CM-A.2's 18 "failures" were correct: + +| fixture | expected | model said | | +|---|---|---|---| +| echoswarm_01 | `80%` | "relay probability … is **0.8**" | correct, scored wrong | +| echoswarm_02 | `2` | "at least **two** different sources" | correct, scored wrong | +| echoswarm_03 | `1` | "randomly changing **one** character" | correct, scored wrong | + +**Built**: +- `libucks/eval_metrics.py` — `keyword_variants` / `keyword_hit` / `grounding_score`. + Literal keyword keeps plain substring matching (so no previously-passing fixture can + start failing, and historical numbers stay comparable); *added* variants + (percent↔decimal, number word↔digit) match on word boundaries only — without that, + keyword "1" → variant "one" would fire inside "money". +- `tests/unit/test_eval_metrics.py` — 19 tests, written first, watched fail + (ModuleNotFoundError). Includes the four real CM-A.2 cases as regressions: 01/02 must + flip to grounded, 06/10 must stay failures. +- `scripts/cm_rescore_grounding.py` — re-scores stored answers under both metrics. +- `test_latent_vs_baseline.py:451` now delegates to the shared function. + +**Gate result** (`uv run python scripts/cm_rescore_grounding.py`): + +| path | old | new | Δ | +|---|---|---|---| +| **cartridge (CM-A.2)** | **7/25** | **10/25** | **+3** | +| cache_aug_no_verbatim | 2/25 | 3/25 | +1 | +| hybrid | 11/25 | 11/25 | 0 | +| text_clean | 4/25 | 4/25 | 0 | +| no_context | 3/25 | 3/25 | 0 | +| latent | 2/25 | 2/25 | 0 | +| cache_aug | 12/25 | 12/25 | 0 | + +Old metric reproduces the logged 7/25 exactly, so the re-score is trustworthy. +**Gate ≥8/25: FAIL → PASS.** The correction is not general inflation — every baseline +moves by ≤+1, because the baselines' failures are vague or wrong answers, not +correctly-stated facts in another format. + +**Issues / not yet resolved**: +- **The 10/25 vs 11/25 hybrid comparison is cross-model and must not be quoted.** The + cartridge ran on 3B (`cm_eval_cartridge.py:32`); hybrid / text_clean / no_context ran + on 0.5B (echoswarm has no `.libucks/config.toml`, so `Config` falls back to the 0.5B + default). A 3B no_context / text_clean baseline is still owed. +- Phase 4-C stays a negative result: `cache_aug_no_verbatim` re-scores to 3/25, exactly + the no_context floor. +- CM-A.2 additionally ran **templated** queries — `cm_distill_buckets.py:96` passes + `model=None`, which skips `_model_queries` entirely (`self_study.py:178-185`) — despite + the entry claiming fact-probing self-study. CM-A.1 had already shown templates were the + bottleneck (2/8 → 4/8). So 10/25 is the *templated-query* score; the fact-probing + re-run (CM-B.0b) is still owed and should go higher. + +**Next**: CM-B.0b — fix `cm_distill_buckets.py:96`, re-distill bc6b90e2 / 40615ba9 / +fe7ded0d, re-eval those 13 fixtures (currently 2/13 old, 5/13 new-metric). + +## CM-A.2 — All-bucket distill + eval gate (2026-07-07) + +**Status**: ~~❌ GATE FAIL, reproduced — latent-alone 7/25 vs gate ≥8/25~~ — **SUPERSEDED +2026-07-27 by CM-B.0a.** The 7/25 was a scoring artifact: three of the 18 "failures" were +correct answers in a different surface form ("0.8" vs `80%`, "two" vs `2`, "one" vs `1`). +Re-scores to **10/25 = GATE PASS**. Two further corrections to the entry below: it states +"fact-probing self-study", but `cm_distill_buckets.py:96` passed `model=None` and therefore +ran **templated** queries; and the reference baselines it quotes were measured on a 0.5B +receiver while the cartridge ran on 3B. Read the numbers below as the record of what was +run, not as a valid gate result. + +**Setup**: all 10 fixture-routed echoswarm buckets distilled (fact-probing self-study, +N=120 queries, P=128, 4 epochs, lr=1e-2, frozen Qwen2.5-3B/MPS) via +`scripts/cm_distill_buckets.py` (resumable batch; per-epoch checkpoints). Eval: +`scripts/cm_eval_cartridge.py`, 25 fixtures, latent-alone (no verbatim). + +**The fe7ded0d redistill (6 attempts, Jul 3–7)** — its original cartridge predated the +`_collect_source_text` truncation fix (30ee434) and was deleted for redistill: +- r1 hung mid-step early in epoch 1; r2 reached ep1 (KL 3.97→2.84) then wedged in + `torch.mps.empty_cache()` mid-ep2 (uninterruptible MPS wait); r3 hung in teacher + precompute alongside the zombie r2. +- r4 (launched WITHOUT `PYTORCH_MPS_HIGH_WATERMARK_RATIO=0.0`) wedged at the first + teacher-generate. A standalone clean-process probe wedged without the env var and + passed with it (62 s) → **the env var is causally NECESSARY on this machine for any + distill/eval run**. Pressure-sensitive (16 GB RAM), which is why Jul 2–3 runs + sometimes passed without it. +- r5 (env var on) exited cleanly at 01:05 mid-precompute (40/120) — launched + non-detached, killed when its parent session closed. +- r6 (env var on, `nohup caffeinate -dimsu`, detached): **completed** — + KL 3.690 → 2.685 (4 ep, one recovered bump at ep2: 2.84→3.08→2.69), 7199 s. + +**Result** (eval r2, new fe7ded0d cartridge; eval r1 preserved as +`tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_r1_fail7.json`): +- Latent-alone grounding **7/25** (multi 3/7) — **bit-identical fixture set to eval r1** + (which ran with the old broken fe7ded0d cartridge). Stable result, not variance. + Gate ≥8/25 → **FAIL**. +- Refs (eval r1): hybrid 11/25, text_clean 4/25, no_context 3/25, + cache_aug_no_verbatim 2/25. +- The redistilled fe7ded0d is qualitatively better on its two fixtures but converts + neither: echoswarm_10 went degenerate loop ("the CER of the CER of…") → fluent + three-pillar CERC structure with WRONG expansions ("Crisis, Economic, Reputation" + vs FRAMING/CLARITY/CONTENT); echoswarm_16 still misses all 5 highway-class keywords. + **Structure, not identifiers** — the CM-A.1-v1 failure mode at bucket scale. +- No near-misses anywhere: best failed fixtures carry 1 of 3–5 required keywords; + 10 of 18 carry 0. There is no cheap +1. +- Honest positive: 7/25 is **+4 over no_context (3/25)** with multi 3/7 — the cartridge + channel is *alive*, unlike Phase 4-C cache-aug (2/25, below floor). The fail is + "under the strong-win bar", not "inert". + +**Anomaly for the decision**: the batch used **N_QUERIES=120**, below the proven +CM-A.1-retry recipe (**200** queries on bc6b90e2 → 4/8); in this eval bc6b90e2 scores +2/8 (grading harnesses differ, so directionally suggestive only). The plan +pre-authorizes scaling self-study to 512–1000 when the gate is borderline — +one-short-twice qualifies. + +**Gate result**: latent-alone ≥8/25; **not met (7/25, twice)**. + +**Next**: user decision — bounded query-scale retry (512 queries on the high-miss +buckets bc6b90e2 / 40615ba9 / 95c8e099, ~4 h/bucket, needs +1 conversion) vs bank as +second negative result ("3B is the ceiling for latent-alone identifiers"). + +## CM-A.1-retry — Fact-probing queries + P=128 + 4 epochs (2026-07-02) + +**Status**: ✅ GATE PASS. + +**Changed vs v1** (bounded lever retry, same bucket `bc6b90e2`): +- Self-study queries: generic templates → **fact-probing templates** (force the teacher + to state specific values: numbers, probabilities, thresholds, states). This was the #1 + suspected cause and it was correct. +- Prefix P=64 → **128**; epochs 2 → **4**; queries 128 → **200**. + +**Two bugs fixed to get here** (both real, both in `cartridge_trainer.py`): +1. **Missing per-step `torch.mps.empty_cache()`** → MPS memory fragmented and the process + HUNG at ~step 180 (observed twice). cache_aug_trainer does per-step empty_cache; mirrored. +2. **Teacher regeneration every epoch** → the frozen+deterministic teacher answer was + greedy-regenerated (48 seq forwards) every step every epoch. Refactored to **precompute + answers once**, then teacher logits via a **single teacher-forced forward** per step. + Cut projected runtime from ~2h to ~30 min. Validated by smoke (KL still 5.66→4.21→3.61). + +**Result** (echoswarm bucket `bc6b90e2`, 8 fixtures, latent-alone / no verbatim): +- KL 0.749 → 0.219 (4 epochs, monotonic, −71%). +- Latent-alone grounding: warm-start **2/8** → distilled **4/8** (gate ≥3 and > init) → **PASS**. +- Carries specific identifiers now: "relay probability is **80%**" (v1 said 0.5), Panic + garble, Immobile→"never receive", INFORMED preservation — all from the latent alone. + +**Finding**: context distillation + **fact-probing self-study** makes the latent channel +carry facts. The whole-project failure mode (latent ≈ no_context; Phase-4A 2/25, cache-aug +no-verbatim 2/25) is broken here: 4/8 latent-alone on a real uncontaminated bucket. The +prior gate fail was query coverage, not a fundamental ceiling. + +**Caveats (honest)**: n=1 bucket, 8 fixtures; 3B/MPS; fact-probing queries are templated +(not model-generated — MPS crashed on 0.5B generate, CPU too slow). CM-A.2 must confirm +this holds across all 33 buckets (gate: latent-alone ≥ 8/25 vs no_context 3/25). + +**Next**: CM-A.2 — all-bucket distill + full 5-path eval. + +## CM-A.1 — Single-bucket distill proof (2026-07-02) + +**Status**: ⚠ GATE FAIL — informative. Objective works; capacity/data-coverage limited. + +**Setup**: echoswarm bucket `bc6b90e2` (agents/relay, 8 routed fixtures, 948-token +verbatim). Warm-start KVPrefixCartridge (P=64) from real extracted KV; distill with +context distillation (KL + 0.3·CE) on 128 **templated** self-study queries, 2 epochs, +lr=1e-2, frozen Qwen2.5-3B on MPS. Script: `scripts/cm_proof_single_bucket.py`. + +**Result**: +- KL 0.916 → 0.517 (−44%, still falling at epoch 2 end). +- Latent-alone grounding: warm-start **1/8** → distilled **2/8** (gate needed ≥3). +- Distilled answers are coherent + on-topic but miss specific identifiers + (e.g. "relay probability is 0.5" — truth is 80%; missed 0.6, STRANDED, "2 confirmations"). + +**Finding**: context distillation is the right *mechanism* (KL dropped, grounding rose, +fluency improved vs. the cosine objective's noise), but at this scale the latent carries +**structure, not precise identifiers** — the Phase-4A two-channel decomposition, reproduced +under a proper objective. This is the load-bearing honest result. + +**Suspected causes (ranked)**: +1. Query coverage — templated queries don't force the teacher to state the tested facts + (if "80%" never appears in training answers, the cartridge can't learn it). +2. Prefix capacity P=64 for a 948-token bucket. +3. Under-trained — 2 epochs, KL still falling. +4. Warm-start from first-64 KV biases to the file header, not the fact-dense body. + +**Gate result**: FAIL (2/8 < 3/8). Decision pending (see chat): bounded lever test +(model-generated + fact-probing queries, P=128–256, +epochs) on the same bucket, vs. +bank as negative result. + +**Next**: user decision. + +## CM-A.0 — Scaffold + cartridge contract (2026-07-01) + +**Status**: ✅ gate passed. + +**Built**: +- `tests/unit/test_cartridge.py` — TDD contract for `KVPrefixCartridge` (shapes, + init-from-extracted-KV incl. short-bucket pad, grad-flow, save/load roundtrip). + Written first; watched it fail (ModuleNotFoundError). +- `libucks/cache_augmentation/cartridge.py` — `KVPrefixCartridge(nn.Module)`: + per-layer trainable `(1, n_kv_heads, P, head_dim)` K/V ParameterLists; + `init_from_extracted_kv` (warm-start from `kv_extract` flat dict, first-P copy + with short-bucket slack); `to_dynamic_cache` (grad-preserving DynamicCache); + safetensors `save`/`load`. + +**Gate result**: `uv run pytest tests/unit/test_cartridge.py` → **6/6 green**. + +**Next**: CM-A.1 — `distillation_loss` (KL to full-context teacher), `self_study` +query generation, `cartridge_trainer` (backprop into prefix only, base frozen), +real-model integration smoke, then single-bucket distill proof. + +## CM-0 — Documentation cleanup & archive (2026-07-01) + +**Status**: ✅ done. + +**Done**: +- Created `docs/archive/` and `docs/archive/phase-4c/`; archived (via `git mv`, + history preserved): `IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md`, `V2_IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md`, + old `QUICKSTART.md` (V1), `INTERLAT_LITE_MANUAL.md` (Phase-12 runbook, stale), + `LATENT_RAG_ARCHITECTURE.md` (design record of the now-superseded latent LoRA + approach), and `docs/phase-4c-{plan,log}.md`. +- Promoted `QUICKSTART_V2.md` → `QUICKSTART.md` (single current quickstart). +- Consolidated 15 scattered arXiv paper markdowns (`docs/*.md` + `docs/new-docs/`) + into `docs/papers/`; deduped the `2412.06769` copy; removed empty `docs/new-docs/`. +- Repointed `CLAUDE.md` §1 + §3 from `IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md` to + `docs/cartridges-plan.md` / `docs/cartridges-log.md`; updated the `ARCHITECTURE.md` + repo-tree line. +- Kept active at root: `CLAUDE.md`, `README.md`, `ARCHITECTURE.md`, `POCSTRAT.md`, + `PITCH.md`, `QUICKSTART.md`. + +**Next**: CM-A.0 — scaffold smoke test + begin the cartridge implementation. + +--- + +## Entry template (copy for each new sub-stage) + +``` +## CM-X — () + +**Status**: ✅ gate passed / ⚠ partial / ❌ blocked +**Built**: +**Decided**: +**Issues**: +**Gate result**: ; +**Next**: CM-X+1 — +``` diff --git a/docs/cartridges-plan.md b/docs/cartridges-plan.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c82442 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/cartridges-plan.md @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +# Plan — Cartridge Memory (CM): self-distilled latent memory, fresh track + +> Fresh start, not "Phase 5." Prior work (V1, V2, Phase 3/4-A/4-C) is treated as +> history to be archived. New track codename **Cartridge Memory (CM)**, stages +> **CM-0 → CM-A → CM-B → CM-C**. Rename freely — nothing depends on the codename. + +## Context + +Phase 4-C closed as a **negative result**: libucks's latent channel is inert. The +fairness eval (`docs/phase-4c-log.md` 4-C.6-FAIRNESS) showed `cache_aug_no_verbatim` += 2/25, *below* the no-context floor (3/25) — all grounding comes from the verbatim +(RAG) channel. Two implementations (adapter soft-prompt, DeepMind-style coprocessor) +failed the same way. + +Root cause, confirmed by codebase map + 2025–2026 literature: + +1. **Wrong training objective.** libucks trains the latent with cosine-to-token- + embeddings + margin/JSD separation (`_cli.py:1442–1468`, `losses.py:11–78`). No + context distillation. Methods that make a latent channel *carry facts* use + **context distillation** — train the latent so the frozen model, given only the + latent, reproduces the logits it produces *with full text in context*. + - "Context Distillation as Latent Memory Management" (arXiv 2605.28889, 2026): + KL(teacher(y|q,context) ‖ student(y|latent)). SQuAD **36.3 EM vs ~0–1**; + NarrativeQA **28.6 ROUGE vs ~4**. Qwen2.5-7B. + - Cartridges / self-study (arXiv 2506.06266, Stanford): self-generate synthetic + conversations about a corpus → context-distill into a trainable **KV-prefix** + (frozen model). Matches in-context learning at **38.6× less memory**. +2. **Toy-scale data.** `qa_per_bucket` defaults to **1** (`data_generator.py`, + `_cli.py:580–636`); working papers use **~1000 synthetic queries per document**. +3. **No per-bucket latent artifact / no self-injection.** `adapter.pt`/`lora_receiver.pt` + are global; on create/update/split/merge only centroid+prose refresh + (`librarian.py:149–200`, `mitosis.py`, `merging_service.py`). That absence is where + "self-injection" belongs — and the *refresh-on-change* loop is the unclaimed novelty + (2605.28889 and Cartridges both leave updates unaddressed). + +**Innovation honesty:** CM-A is a deliberate *replication* (Cartridges at your scale) to +de-risk cheaply — not itself novel. The novel end-state is CM-B (self-refresh loop on live +code) + CM-C (cross-repo cartridge fusion), contingent on CM-A proving the latent channel +can carry facts. Decisions locked with user: minimal-proof-first; MPS/frozen Qwen2.5-3B/$0; +trainable KV-prefix cartridge. + +--- + +## CM-0 — Documentation cleanup & archive (do first) + +Goal: shrink the doc surface to what's current before adding new plan/log files, so the +new track starts on a clean tree. Create `docs/archive/` (git-tracked) and move superseded +docs there — **archive, don't delete** (history is preserved; `git mv` keeps blame). + +**Proposed classification** (root `.md` + `docs/`). Items marked *review* need a quick read +during execution to confirm before moving: + +| file | action | rationale | +|---|---|---| +| `CLAUDE.md`, `README.md`, `ARCHITECTURE.md`, `POCSTRAT.md` | **KEEP** | active blueprints / strategy | +| `QUICKSTART.md` | **ARCHIVE** | V1 quickstart, superseded by `QUICKSTART_V2.md` | +| `QUICKSTART_V2.md` | KEEP (rename → `QUICKSTART.md` after old one archived) | current quickstart | +| `IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md` | **ARCHIVE** + repoint CLAUDE.md | V1 plan; superseded | +| `V2_IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md` | **ARCHIVE** | V2 plan; superseded by phase-4c + CM | +| `INTERLAT_LITE_MANUAL.md` | *review* → archive if stale | likely a Phase-2 how-to; keep only if still accurate | +| `LATENT_RAG_ARCHITECTURE.md` | *review* → fold into `ARCHITECTURE.md` or archive | probably subsumed | +| `PITCH.md` | *review* → keep or fold into `POCSTRAT.md` | positioning duplication | +| `docs/phase-4c-plan.md`, `docs/phase-4c-log.md` | **ARCHIVE** → `docs/archive/phase-4c/` | closed phase; keep as history | +| `docs/*.md` (5 arXiv) + `docs/new-docs/*` (10 arXiv) | **CONSOLIDATE** → `docs/papers/` | reference, not outdated; dedupe the `2412.06769` copy; not archived | + +**CLAUDE.md pointer fixes (required by the archive moves):** +- §1 "Project Blueprints" references `IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md` → repoint to + `docs/cartridges-plan.md` (+ note V1/V2 plans are in `docs/archive/`). +- §3 "Session Start Protocol" step 1 references `IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md` → repoint to + `docs/cartridges-log.md`. +- Leave the golden rules (mitosis/novel-bucket/query-dropout) intact; they still hold. + +**Gate:** `git status` clean of stray docs; `rg -l 'IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN\.md|QUICKSTART_V2'` +returns no live references except inside `docs/archive/`; repo root has ≤6 `.md` files. +Commit as a standalone `docs: archive superseded plans, consolidate papers` commit. + +--- + +## CM-A — Hypothesis proof (context-distilled KV cartridge, 1 repo, MPS/3B, $0) + +**H:** a context-distilled per-bucket trainable KV-prefix cartridge lets the frozen 3B +answer bucket questions from the **latent alone** (no verbatim). + +**Gate (echoswarm, 25 fixtures):** +- Primary: `cartridge` (latent-alone) grounding **≥ 8/25** (= no_context 3 + 5, the + "strong win" bar), up from cache_aug_no_verbatim's 2/25. +- Secondary: `cartridge` cosine ≫ 0.549 (the inert baseline), into hybrid range. +- Sanity: distillation KL to the full-context teacher decreases; grads flow **only** into + the cartridge prefix (frozen-model assertion). +- Met → CM-B/CM-C. Not met → documented second negative result; 3B is the ceiling. + +### Design (Cartridges recipe) +- **Artifact:** per-bucket trainable KV-prefix — learnable `(K,V)` per layer, + `(n_layers=36, n_kv_heads=2, P=64, head_dim=128)`, prefix-tuning on frozen Qwen2.5-3B. + **Init from the bucket's real extracted KV** (`kv_extract.extract_bucket_kv`, on disk via + `BucketKVCache`). Store `.libucks/kv_cache/.cartridge.safetensors`. +- **Self-study (local, $0):** per bucket, generate ~128 diverse synthetic queries about its + chunks (scale toward ~512–1000 only if the gate is borderline). Teacher target = the + frozen 3B's own output with full verbatim in context; no gold labels, no API needed. +- **Objective — context distillation:** per (bucket, query q): teacher forward + `[verbatim, q]`→logits_teacher; student forward `[cartridge_prefix, q]`→logits_student; + **loss = KL(softmax(logits_teacher/T) ‖ softmax(logits_student/T))** over teacher-greedy + continuation positions (+ optional CE on greedy tokens). Backprop **only** into the prefix. +- **Decode/eval:** load cartridge → supply as `past_key_values` prefix (reuse `decode.py` + concat, swapping `coprocessor(z)` for the trained cartridge). Latent-alone = no verbatim. + Multi-bucket in CM-A = concat top-k cartridge prefixes (no fusion training yet). + +### Sequencing (TDD, phase-gated per CLAUDE.md) +- **CM-A.0** — scaffold `docs/cartridges-plan.md` + `docs/cartridges-log.md`; write smoke + test first (watch it fail). +- **CM-A.1 — single-bucket proof:** distill ONE echoswarm bucket; show latent-alone answers + ≥3 held-out questions about *that* bucket (vs current inert). Fastest falsification. +- **CM-A.2 — all-bucket + eval gate:** distill all 33 buckets; run eval; check the gate. + +## Scope boundaries (NOT in CM-A) +- **CM-B (contingent):** self-refresh loop — re-distill a bucket's cartridge on + create/update/split/merge (`Librarian._handle_update`, `mitosis.py`, `merging_service.py`, + `NovelBucketService`). The novel "living memory" contribution. +- **CM-C (contingent, may need cloud):** shared cross-repo layer — trained fusion / + entropy-gated router (2605.28889) or shared KV routers (2508.17032); per-bucket cartridges + stay local. Revisit cloud only here. +- No changes to routing, embeddings, MCP, or the Phase 4-A hybrid production path. + +## Critical files + +### NEW +- `libucks/cache_augmentation/cartridge.py` — `KVPrefixCartridge(nn.Module)`: per-layer + trainable K,V; `init_from_extracted_kv`; `save`/`load`; yields `past_key_values`. +- `libucks/thinking/training/cartridge_trainer.py` — context-distillation loop (teacher = + full-verbatim frozen 3B; student = cartridge; KL loss; backprop into prefix only). +- `libucks/thinking/training/self_study.py` — scaled per-bucket synthetic query generation. +- `tests/integration/test_cartridge_smoke.py`, `tests/unit/test_cartridge_data.py`. + +### MODIFIED +- `libucks/thinking/training/losses.py` — add `distillation_loss` (KL to full-context + teacher, temperature), styled after `losses.py:81–103`. +- `libucks/cache_augmentation/decode.py` — accept a trained-cartridge prefix; top-k concat. +- `libucks/cache_augmentation/bucket_kv_cache.py` — store/load `.cartridge` variant; reuse + the `(chunk_id, git_sha)` staleness signature. +- `libucks/_cli.py` — `libucks distill-cartridges --repo X --queries-per-bucket N`; raise + the query-per-bucket ceiling. +- `tests/eval/test_latent_vs_baseline.py` — add `cartridge` (latent-alone) + `cartridge_hybrid`. + +### REUSED UNCHANGED +- `kv_extract.py` (cartridge init); `coprocessor.py`/`fusion.py` (untouched in CM-A); + `health_monitor.py`/`mitosis.py`/`merging_service.py` (CM-B); routing/embeddings/MCP. + +## Verification (end-to-end) +1. `uv run pytest tests/integration/test_cartridge_smoke.py` — one distill step: KL emitted, + prefix `.grad` non-None, all base-model params `.grad is None` (frozen check). +2. CM-A.1: distill one bucket (~128 queries); held-out KL ≪ init KL; ≥3 fixtures answered + from latent alone. +3. CM-A.2: `LIBUCKS_EVAL_REPOS=echoswarm uv run pytest -m eval tests/eval/test_latent_vs_baseline.py -v -s` + → `cartridge` grounding ≥ 8/25, cos ≫ 0.549. Snapshot to + `tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2.json`. +4. Record numbers + verdict in `docs/cartridges-log.md`; add memory `project_cartridge_result`. + +## Compute reality (CM-A, MPS/3B) +33 buckets × ~128 self-study queries ≈ 4.2k teacher+student forwards + prefix backward; +per-bucket cartridges train independently (sequential). CM-A.1 single bucket ~minutes–1h to +validate the pipeline; CM-A.2 batch overnight. Start 128/bucket; scale only if borderline. +Zero API/cloud cost. diff --git a/docs/cm-b-plan.md b/docs/cm-b-plan.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3d75eaa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/cm-b-plan.md @@ -0,0 +1,332 @@ +# Plan — CM-B: Living Cartridges + +> Continuation of the CM track (CM-0 → CM-A → **CM-B**). Progress is logged in +> `docs/cartridges-log.md`, newest first — deliberately NOT a separate log file, so the +> CM track stays readable end to end. + +--- + +## ⛔ TRACK STATUS 2026-07-31 — THE COMPRESSION LINE IS CLOSED + +**Everything below this banner is historical.** Stages 1 and 2 are closed and the +premise of the whole plan — that a compact latent prefix can carry a bucket's content — +has been tested to destruction. Read `docs/cartridges-log.md` CM-B.0i → 0l first; +this file is kept for the reasoning trail, not as a work list. + +**Four independent mechanisms failed to make a latent channel carry code facts:** + +| mechanism | result | +|---|---| +| Phase 4-C cache augmentation | inert — 2/25, below no-context | +| CM-A cartridge distillation | 6 modern draws at 0–2/8; historical 4/8 and 5/8 never reproduce | +| positional / magnitude selection (CM-B.0i) | score ∝ fraction retained; no compression | +| query-aware selection, SnapKV family (CM-B.0k/0l) | 38% of ceiling at best, non-monotone, no knee | + +**And the reframe that matters more than any of them:** with the **entire** bucket in +cache and full attention, the 3B answers **13/26 — half**. That ceiling is verified +three ways (CM-B.0j text-in-prompt control) and reproduces four times. Every +compression number is a fraction of it, so this track was optimising the delivery of +information the reader cannot exploit once it arrives. **The ceiling, not the channel, +is the binding constraint.** + +### The one gate that decides whether any of this is worth resuming + +**Does the ceiling move with model scale?** Nothing else should be attempted first. + +- Run floor + full-cache on the same 26 stratified fixtures at **0.5B, 1.5B, 3B** — + all three are in the local HF cache, same family and tokenizer, so it is a clean + comparison and costs nothing but time. +- **Ceiling climbs steeply** → the reader was the limit, compression becomes worth + revisiting, and every number in the log is re-scoped upward. Then rent a GPU for + 7–8B knowing what to expect. +- **Ceiling flat near 45–50% across a 6× parameter range** → scale is not the lever, + the limit is the fixtures or the metric, and no further method work is justified + until that is understood. This is the outcome to expect given how little P mattered. + +7–8B is **not runnable locally**: 15.2 GB of bf16 weights against 16 GB of unified +memory, before any cache or transient. Quantising confounds the measurement. + +### What is NOT closed, and is where the value actually is + +- Routing 1/15 → 14/15 (Phase 1); in-bucket chunk rerank 10 → 16/30 (Phase 3-B); + **hybrid 19.5 ± 1.7/30** (Phase 4-A, 3-run mean) — the real headline. +- **Raw KV prefill cache**: 13/26 vs a 0/26 floor, ONE forward pass, ~170 MB/bucket. + Not compression and not a research contribution, but a working feature. +- The self-evolving substrate: mitosis, merge, git-hook updates, novelty-gated spawn. +- **The measurement apparatus**, which is itself an asset: floor harness, position- + stratified fixtures with enforced anti-bias invariants, the text-in-prompt ceiling + control, loud-truncation guards. It caught five false positives that would otherwise + be in a writeup. + +### Positioning consequence, stated plainly + +Leading with "latent communication" is an overclaim this evidence will not support — +four failed mechanisms, zero surviving positive results, and the literature's own +method reaching 38% where it reports 97–99%. The defensible pillars are the +**self-evolving code memory with measured retrieval gains**, and the **rigorous +negative** on cartridge compression for code QA against a verified ceiling. + +## The gap + +libucks has two halves that don't compose: + +- **Buckets self-evolve.** Mitosis splits them (`mitosis.py:75`), `MergingService` merges + them (`merging_service.py:120`), `NovelBucketService` spawns them, `HealthMonitor` + drives it every 5 minutes. This works. +- **Cartridges can't follow.** A cartridge is distilled once from a bucket's corpus. When + a commit changes that corpus the cartridge is stale, and the only remedy is to throw it + away and rebuild — **7,199 s per bucket**, measured. + +`BucketKVCache` (`bucket_kv_cache.py:35-46`) already hashes every `(chunk_id, git_sha)` +pair, so libucks already **knows** when a cartridge has gone stale. It cannot **repair** +one. + +*Mechanism correction (found in the CM-B dependency sweep).* Staleness is detected +**lazily, on read**: `load()` recomputes the chunk signature and returns `None` on +mismatch (`bucket_kv_cache.py:110`), called from `decode.py:70` and +`cache_aug_trainer.py:167`. The eager path — `invalidate()`, whose own docstring says +"call on mitosis / merge / removal" — has **zero callers anywhere in the repo**. An +earlier draft of this plan said the cache is "marked stale on mitosis, merge, or update"; +that is wrong about the mechanism, though the effect mostly holds because the next read +detects the change anyway. + +Two consequences. Cache files for buckets that mitosis or merge destroyed are never +deleted, since nothing pushes an invalidation — measured as harmless today (0 real +orphans across echoswarm and libugry) only because those events have been rare. And +deliberately **not fixed by wiring `invalidate()` in**: eager deletion on split/merge is +precisely the throw-it-away behaviour Stage 2 exists to replace with repair. Wiring it +now would build the thing this track is trying to remove. + +## Why this is worth doing + +[Cartridges at Scale](https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.04557) (2026), the current SOTA, states +the gap in its own words — *"updating or adding a single document requires re-encoding the +entire KV cache"* — and does not solve it. Its answer is finer granularity, not repair. +It also leaves grouping (split/merge) explicitly to future work. Nobody edits a trained +cartridge in place. + +Adjacent but different: [Language Models Need Sleep](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.03979) +consolidates **weights**; [RefreshKV](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05787) updates a cache +**during generation**; [C²KV](https://arxiv.org/html/2607.17715) concatenates caches for +serving throughput. + +**The question is not "is latent better?" — it is: when a bucket's code changes, can its +cartridge be updated in place instead of rebuilt from nothing?** + +That is a *relative* claim (cheap repair vs full rebuild, both inside libucks), not an +*absolute* one (latent beats RAG). Absolute claims need 7–8B models and have already +failed twice here. Relative claims are laptop-scale and measured in KL, which carries none +of the decode-loop variance that produced Phase 4-C's phantom win. + +Repos are the right substrate, not sunk cost: **git supplies free, versioned, +ground-truth deltas.** No other memory domain has a principled notion of "chunk c3 became +c3′". + +**Why it is research and not plumbing:** a cartridge has no index. In a text bucket you +edit line 47. In a cartridge, whatever was learned about chunk c3 is smeared across 2.36M +numbers with no map back to source. Whether that is localizable at all is the crux. + +--- + +## Stage 0 — verify the baseline (in progress) + +### 0a — grounding metric audit ✅ DONE 2026-07-27 + +Cartridge **7/25 → 10/25**, gate ≥8/25 **PASS**. Baselines moved ≤ +1, so not inflation. +Full detail in `docs/cartridges-log.md`. Landed `libucks/eval_metrics.py` as the single +shared scorer; both `test_latent_vs_baseline.py` and `cm_eval_cartridge.py` delegate to it. + +### 0b — query-gen regression fix ⏳ RUNNING + +`cm_distill_buckets.py:96` passed `model=None`, which skips `_model_queries` and falls +through to templates (`self_study.py:178-185`) — the configuration CM-A.1 had already +shown to fail (2/8 templated vs 4/8 fact-probing). Fixed; first bucket now yields 112 +model-written questions where CM-A.2 had 0. + +Spot-check: `bc6b90e2` (2/8), `40615ba9` (0/3), `fe7ded0d` (0/2 — the control; already +cleanly re-distilled 6× under the old config, so a win here isolates the query variable). + +**Bar:** those 13 fixtures score 5/13 under the CM-B.0a metric. `> 5/13` justifies the +full ~20 h re-distill of all ten buckets. + +**RESULT 2026-07-27: ❌ 1/13 — a regression, not a near miss.** Full entry in +`cartridges-log.md`. The full re-distill is NOT authorised. Headlines: +- The query-gen hypothesis is dead: the control bucket `fe7ded0d` went 2.685 → 2.749 KL, + i.e. unchanged. And the fix only partly applied — 84/120 and 81/120 model questions, + the rest silently padded with the templates it was meant to replace. +- KL is decoupled from grounding: `40615ba9` hit **KL 0.227** (better than CM-A.1-retry's + passing 0.219) and scored **0/3**. +- The run was confounded: it used **120 queries / `max_answer_tokens=32`**, not the + proven **200 / 48**. That variable has still never been tested at batch scale. + +### 0b-repro — faithful CM-A.1-retry reproduction 🔄 RUNNING (2026-07-28) + +Before any further hypothesis, establish whether the only passing result in this track +reproduces. `bc6b90e2`, the exact CM-A.1-retry recipe: **200 queries, +`max_answer_tokens=48`**, P=128, 4 epochs, lr 1e-2, verbatim 4096, extract 1024, +**last-epoch save** (matching the original protocol — best-epoch selection is deliberately +deferred so this stays a reproduction, not an improvement). + +Chosen over the verbatim/P sweep because `bc6b90e2` carries **8 fixtures** (the best +statistical power of any bucket) and retains 89% of its content, so truncation is not a +confound there. + +**Bar:** CM-A.1-retry scored **4/8**; CM-B.0b scored **1/8**. Returning to ~4/8 confirms +the recipe and identifies query count / answer budget as the lever. Staying near 1/8 means +the single passing result never reproduced, and **no downstream plan in this document is +trustworthy until that is resolved** — including Stage 1. + +### 0c — cross-model baseline ⬜ TODO, blocks all comparisons + +The cartridge runs on 3B (`cm_eval_cartridge.py:32`) while echoswarm's other paths run on +**0.5B** — echoswarm has no `.libucks/config.toml`, so `Config` falls back to the 0.5B +default in `config.py:32-33`. Every cartridge-vs-baseline number is therefore cross-model +and must not be quoted. Fix: pin `base_model = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B"` in echoswarm's config +and re-run `no_context` / `text_clean` / `hybrid`. Note echoswarm's `lora_receiver.pt` is +an 896-dim **0.5B** checkpoint and will not load into a 3B receiver. + +--- + +## Stage 1 — the Edit experiment + +> **❌ CLOSED 2026-07-29 — the premise no longer holds. Do not build the +> model-backed `TrialRunner`.** +> +> The claim below assumes rebuilding a bucket's memory is expensive (~7,200 s), +> which is what makes cheap repair a research question. CM-B.0i established that +> distillation buys nothing over a raw cache slice at matched size (2/26 vs 1/26), +> and a raw cache is produced by **one forward pass**. When full rebuild costs +> seconds, "can we repair instead of rebuilding?" has no content — the relative +> claim would be trivially true and uninteresting. +> +> Closed because the problem dissolved, not because the experiment failed. The +> scaffolding (`cm_make_edits.py`, `cartridge_edit.py`, `cm_edit_experiment.py`, +> 138 tests) stays in the tree: the edit-generation and staleness-detection halves +> are reusable if a working compressor ever makes per-bucket artifacts expensive +> again. + +**Claim:** when one chunk changes, a cheap warm-started repair lands close to a full +re-distill at a fraction of the cost. + +Single-bucket, so it does **not** depend on Stage 0 — CM-A.1 already proved single-bucket +cartridges work (4/8, KL 0.749 → 0.219). + +1. **Controlled edits** (`scripts/cm_make_edits.py`) — rename, constant change, added + branch, deleted helper, in increasing order of disturbance. Synthetic rather than real + history because libugry has 1 commit and echoswarm's 14 are nearly all README edits — + and controlling edit size is what produces the repair-cost-vs-edit-magnitude curve, + which is the result. +2. **Ground truth** — one full re-distill per edit (~7,200 s), the correct answer and the + cost baseline. +3. **Repair methods** (`libucks/cache_augmentation/cartridge_edit.py`): + - *Continue-training* — warm-start from the existing cartridge, re-distill only on + queries whose teacher answers changed. Reuses `CartridgeTrainer._step_cached` + (`cartridge_trainer.py:200`), a single teacher-forced forward instead of greedy + generation. The honest baseline. + - *Slot-localized* — `init_from_extracted_kv` (`cartridge.py:73`) warm-starts by + copying the first P positions of the bucket's real KV, so a positional + correspondence to source exists before training. Test whether any survives + distillation; if so, retrain only affected slots. **This is the research bet.** + - *Low-rank delta* — freeze the cartridge, learn an additive correction. Fallback. +4. **Metrics** — primary `KL(repaired ‖ re-distilled)` (no generation, no decode + variance); headline `cost ratio`; secondary grounding delta; and the **staleness + floor** (score of the un-repaired cartridge) to prove the edit disturbed anything at + all. + +**Pre-registered gate:** within 10% of full-re-distill KL at ≤25% of the cost, on ≥3 of +the 4 edit types. Fixed before running. + +**Pre-committed honest outcome:** if repair is trivially easy because cartridges barely +react to edits, that is *insensitivity*, not a mechanism. Publish it as such. + +--- + +## Stage 2 — split and merge (contingent) + +> **❌ CLOSED 2026-07-31.** Was contingent on Stage 1, which closed 2026-07-29; and the +> compression premise underneath both is now closed by CM-B.0l. Cartridge split/merge +> only matters if a cartridge carries content worth preserving across a mitosis, and it +> does not — 2/26 against a 0/26 floor and a 13/26 ceiling. Do not build this. + +Only if Stage 1 clears. Can a cartridge split when mitosis splits its bucket? Can two +compose when buckets merge? Merge is the hard one — CAS shows naive concatenation +collapses to near-chance, which is very likely what CM-A.2's multi-bucket top-k concat +(`cartridges-plan.md:106`) was also hitting. + +## Known measurement fragilities + +Found in the CM-B.0b bug sweep. Neither is fixed, both are deliberate deferrals. + +**Self-study covers only 73% of each bucket.** `_model_queries` caps its context at +`bucket_text[:3000]` (`self_study.py:98`) while echoswarm buckets are ~4,126 chars — so +roughly 27% of every bucket has no training question written about it. CM-A.1's finding +was literally "query coverage was the bottleneck", so this is on the critical path. + +*Not fixed mid-run on purpose.* The Stage 0b run is testing exactly one variable — +fact-probing vs templated queries. Raising coverage at the same time would change two +things at once and make the result uninterpretable. Fix it for the full ten-bucket +re-distill, where it becomes a clean second improvement. + +**Teacher Q&A sees only 1024 chars in three of four call sites.** `_cli.py` has +four sibling calls that build the source text handed to the Anthropic teacher. +One (`:1690`, in `generate-qa`) was raised to `max_chars=4096` with a comment +explaining why 1024 was wrong. The other three — `:684` and `:742` in +`train-adapter`, and `:1730`, the `--no-teacher` branch of `generate-qa` itself +— were never updated and still pass 1024. Echoswarm buckets average ~4,126 +chars, so those paths see roughly a quarter of each bucket. + +The `--no-teacher` branches are the worse case: they store the truncated text +*as the training target* (`"pairs": [[PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS[0], src]]`), so the +LoRA receiver is trained to reproduce a quarter-bucket. + +*Not fixed.* `train-adapter` produces `lora_receiver.pt`, which the hybrid path +— the Phase 4-A headline of 19.5 ± 1.7/30 — depends on. Changing its training +inputs invalidates comparisons against every existing checkpoint, so this is a +deliberate decision to make with a re-train, not a drive-by edit. The +divergence is now flagged in-place at `_cli.py:1690`. + +Note the original justification is itself stale: the comment describes +`_collect_source_text` returning `""` outright on overflow, which was fixed on +2026-07-03 (it now slices). The failure mode changed from "blanks ~25% of +buckets" to "truncates all of them". + +**Three fixtures route within 0.01 of a tie.** Fixture→bucket routing is top-1 cosine over +centroids. It is deterministic within a run and verified byte-identical to CM-A.2's stored +routing (0 of 25 changed), so the 5/13 spot-check baseline is valid. But 3 of 25 fixtures +have a top1–top2 margin below 0.01, so any centroid recomputation, mitosis/merge, or +embedding-model change can silently flip which cartridge they are scored against. Before +trusting any future cross-run comparison, re-run the routing-stability check. + +## Dependency-graph sweep — structural findings + +Run over `libucks/` + `scripts/` + `tests/` (import graph, cycles, layering, dead code, +config-key readers). Architecture is clean: **no runtime import cycles, no layering +violations** (nothing low-level imports upward), and every production module except +`_cli.py` (2,035 loc, untested) has at least one test. + +What it did surface, none of it a live crash: + +| finding | status | +|---|---| +| Merge limit hardcoded above a tunable split threshold | **fixed** — derived, `12c1af7` | +| Six `_encode_centroid` copies, one decoder | **fixed** — consolidated, `12c1af7` | +| HealthMonitor re-embedded every chunk every 300 s | **fixed** — cached, `e622585` | +| `chunk_retriever` used outside its nested scope | **fixed** before running — `NameError` at serve time, `e622585` | +| `margin_separation_loss` never called, never tested | documented in `losses.py` | +| `alignment_loss` imported, never called | leave | +| `BucketKVCache.invalidate()` zero callers | documented above; not wiring, on purpose | +| `compression_steps` inert config knob | documented in `config.py` + RUNBOOK | +| `PathsConfig.{grammar_cache, log_file, pending_events, repo_cache}` never read | inert; documented in ARCHITECTURE.md as if live | +| `_inject_lora_into_module_dict`, `_pool` dead | leave | + +The `margin_separation_loss` one is the most interesting for this project: it was written +specifically to escape the `sep=0.0000` collapse CLAUDE.md tells you to halt on, and it +has never been called in the entire git history. See its docstring. + +## House rules + +Tests first, watch them fail, then implement. No advancing on a red gate. Every stage's +numbers and verdict appended to `docs/cartridges-log.md` before moving on. Every distill +or eval run needs `PYTORCH_MPS_HIGH_WATERMARK_RATIO=0.0` before the torch import and must +be `nohup`-detached under `caffeinate -dimsu`. HF `generate()` aborts the process on MPS +for long prompts — run generation on CPU, or use a manual decode loop. diff --git a/docs/latent_space_paper.pdf b/docs/latent_space_paper.pdf deleted file mode 100644 index 7fbbfa0..0000000 Binary files a/docs/latent_space_paper.pdf and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/papers/1807.03819v3.md b/docs/papers/1807.03819v3.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..228c0a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/papers/1807.03819v3.md @@ -0,0 +1,574 @@ +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +## UNIVERSAL TRANSFORMERS + +**Mostafa Dehghani** _[∗] †_ **Stephan Gouws** _[∗]_ **Oriol Vinyals** University of Amsterdam DeepMind DeepMind dehghani@uva.nl sgouws@google.com vinyals@google.com + +**Jakob Uszkoreit Łukasz Kaiser** Google Brain Google Brain usz@google.com lukaszkaiser@google.com + +## ABSTRACT + +Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) sequentially process data by updating their state with each new data point, and have long been the de facto choice for sequence modeling tasks. However, their inherently sequential computation makes them slow to train. Feed-forward and convolutional architectures have recently been shown to achieve superior results on some sequence modeling tasks such as machine translation, with the added advantage that they concurrently process all inputs in the sequence, leading to easy parallelization and faster training times. Despite these successes, however, popular feed-forward sequence models like the Transformer fail to generalize in many simple tasks that recurrent models handle with ease, e.g. copying strings or even simple logical inference when the string or formula lengths exceed those observed at training time. We propose the Universal Transformer (UT), a parallel-in-time self-attentive recurrent sequence model which can be cast as a generalization of the Transformer model and which addresses these issues. UTs combine the parallelizability and global receptive field of feed-forward sequence models like the Transformer with the recurrent inductive bias of RNNs. We also add a dynamic per-position halting mechanism and find that it improves accuracy on several tasks. In contrast to the standard Transformer, under certain assumptions UTs can be shown to be Turing-complete. Our experiments show that UTs outperform standard Transformers on a wide range of algorithmic and language understanding tasks, including the challenging LAMBADA language modeling task where UTs achieve a new state of the art, and machine translation where UTs achieve a 0.9 BLEU improvement over Transformers on the WMT14 En-De dataset. + +## 1 INTRODUCTION + +Convolutional and fully-attentional feed-forward architectures like the Transformer have recently emerged as viable alternatives to recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for a range of sequence modeling tasks, notably machine translation (Gehring et al., 2017; Vaswani et al., 2017). These parallel-in-time architectures address a significant shortcoming of RNNs, namely their inherently sequential computation which prevents parallelization across elements of the input sequence, whilst still addressing the vanishing gradients problem as the sequence length gets longer (Hochreiter et al., 2003). The Transformer model in particular relies entirely on a self-attention mechanism (Parikh et al., 2016; Lin et al., 2017) to compute a series of context-informed vector-space representations of the symbols in its input and output, which are then used to predict distributions over subsequent symbols as the model predicts the output sequence symbol-by-symbol. Not only is this mechanism straightforward to parallelize, but as each symbol’s representation is also directly informed by all other symbols’ representations, this results in an effectively global receptive field across the whole sequence. This stands in contrast to e.g. convolutional architectures which typically only have a limited receptive field. + +Notably, however, the Transformer with its fixed stack of distinct layers foregoes RNNs’ inductive bias towards learning iterative or recursive transformations. Our experiments indicate that this inductive + +> _∗_ Equal contribution, alphabetically by last name. + +> _†_ Work performed while at Google Brain. + +1 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +**==> picture [396 x 108] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Parameters are tied across positions and time steps
h1t Self-Attention Transition Function h1t+1 Self-Attention Transition Function h1t+2
h2t Self-Attention Transition Function h2t+1 Self-Attention Transition Function h2t+2
… … … … … … …
hmt Self-Attention Transition Function hmt+1 Self-Attention Transition Function hmt+2
Time
Per Position States
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +Figure 1: The Universal Transformer repeatedly refines a series of vector representations for each position of the sequence in parallel, by combining information from different positions using self-attention (see Eqn 2) and applying a recurrent transition function (see Eqn 4) across all time steps 1 _≤ t ≤ T_ . We show this process over two recurrent time-steps. Arrows denote dependencies between operations. Initially, _h_[0] is initialized with the embedding for each symbol in the sequence. _h[t] i_[represents the representation for input symbol][ 1] _[ ≤][i][ ≤][m]_[ at recurrent time-step] _[ t]_[.][With dynamic] halting, _T_ is dynamically determined for each position (Section 2.2). + +bias may be crucial for several algorithmic and language understanding tasks of varying complexity: in contrast to models such as the Neural Turing Machine (Graves et al., 2014), the Neural GPU (Kaiser & Sutskever, 2016) or Stack RNNs (Joulin & Mikolov, 2015), the Transformer does not generalize well to input lengths not encountered during training. + +In this paper, we introduce the _Universal Transformer (UT)_ , a parallel-in-time recurrent self-attentive sequence model which can be cast as a generalization of the Transformer model, yielding increased theoretical capabilities and improved results on a wide range of challenging sequence-to-sequence tasks. UTs combine the parallelizability and global receptive field of feed-forward sequence models like the Transformer with the recurrent inductive bias of RNNs, which seems to be better suited to a range of algorithmic and natural language understanding sequence-to-sequence problems. As the name implies, and in contrast to the standard Transformer, under certain assumptions UTs can be shown to be Turing-complete (or “computationally universal”, as shown in Section 4). + +In each recurrent step, the Universal Transformer iteratively refines its representations for all symbols in the sequence in parallel using a self-attention mechanism (Parikh et al., 2016; Lin et al., 2017), followed by a transformation (shared across all positions and time-steps) consisting of a depth-wise separable convolution (Chollet, 2016; Kaiser et al., 2017) or a position-wise fully-connected layer (see Fig 1). We also add a dynamic per-position halting mechanism (Graves, 2016), allowing the model to choose the required number of refinement steps _for each symbol_ dynamically, and show for the first time that such a conditional computation mechanism can in fact improve accuracy on several smaller, structured algorithmic and linguistic inference tasks (although it marginally degraded results on MT). + +Our strong experimental results show that UTs outperform Transformers and LSTMs across a wide range of tasks. The added recurrence yields improved results in machine translation where UTs outperform the standard Transformer. In experiments on several algorithmic tasks and the bAbI language understanding task, UTs also consistently and significantly improve over LSTMs and the standard Transformer. Furthermore, on the challenging LAMBADA text understanding data set UTs with dynamic halting achieve a new state of the art. + +## 2 MODEL DESCRIPTION + +## 2.1 THE UNIVERSAL TRANSFORMER + +The Universal Transformer (UT; see Fig. 2) is based on the popular encoder-decoder architecture commonly used in most neural sequence-to-sequence models (Sutskever et al., 2014; Cho et al., 2014; Vaswani et al., 2017). Both the encoder and decoder of the UT operate by applying a recurrent neural network to the representations of each of the positions of the input and output sequence, respectively. However, in contrast to most applications of recurrent neural networks to sequential data, the UT does not recur over positions in the sequence, but over consecutive revisions of the vector representations of each position (i.e., over “depth”). In other words, the UT is not computationally bound by the number of symbols in the sequence, but only by the number of revisions made to each symbol’s representation. + +2 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +In each recurrent time-step, the representation of every position is concurrently (in parallel) revised in two sub-steps: first, using a self-attention mechanism to exchange information across all positions in the sequence, thereby generating a vector representation for each position that is informed by the representations of all other positions at the previous time-step. Then, by applying a transition function (shared across position and time) to the outputs of the self-attention mechanism, independently at each position. As the recurrent transition function can be applied any number of times, this implies that UTs can have variable depth (number of per-symbol processing steps). Crucially, this is in contrast to most popular neural sequence models, including the Transformer (Vaswani et al., 2017) or deep RNNs, which have constant depth as a result of applying a _fixed stack_ of layers. We now describe the encoder and decoder in more detail. + +**ENCODER:** Given an input sequence of length _m_ , we start with a matrix whose rows are initialized as the _d_ -dimensional embeddings of the symbols at each position of the sequence _H_[0] _∈_ R _[m][×][d]_ . The UT then iteratively computes representations _H[t]_ at step _t_ for all _m_ positions in parallel by applying the multi-headed dot-product self-attention mechanism from Vaswani et al. (2017), followed by a recurrent transition function. We also add residual connections around each of these function blocks and apply dropout and layer normalization (Srivastava et al., 2014; Ba et al., 2016) (see Fig. 2 for a simplified diagram, and Fig. 4 in the Appendix A for the complete model.). + +More specifically, we use the scaled dot-product attention which combines queries _Q_ , keys _K_ and values _V_ as follows + +**==> picture [294 x 26] intentionally omitted <==** + +where _d_ is the number of columns of _Q_ , _K_ and _V_ . We use the multi-head version with _k_ heads, as introduced in (Vaswani et al., 2017), + +**==> picture [355 x 12] intentionally omitted <==** + +**==> picture [259 x 13] intentionally omitted <==** + +and we map the state _H[t]_ to queries, keys and values with affine projections using learned parameter matrices _W[Q] ∈_ R _[d][×][d/k]_ , _W[K] ∈_ R _[d][×][d/k]_ , _W[V] ∈_ R _[d][×][d/k]_ and _W[O] ∈_ R _[d][×][d]_ . + +At step _t_ , the UT then computes revised representations _H[t] ∈_ R _[m][×][d]_ for all _m_ input positions as follows + +**==> picture [355 x 12] intentionally omitted <==** + +**==> picture [381 x 12] intentionally omitted <==** + +where LAYERNORM() is defined in Ba et al. (2016), and TRANSITION() and _P[t]_ are discussed below. + +Depending on the task, we use one of two different transition functions: either a separable convolution (Chollet, 2016) or a fully-connected neural network that consists of a single rectified-linear activation function between two affine transformations, applied position-wise, i.e. individually to each row of _A[t]_ . + +_P[t] ∈_ R _[m][×][d]_ above are fixed, constant, two-dimensional (position, time) _coordinate embeddings_ , obtained by computing the sinusoidal position embedding vectors as defined in (Vaswani et al., 2017) for the positions 1 _≤ i ≤ m_ and the time-step 1 _≤ t ≤ T_ separately for each vector-dimension 1 _≤ j ≤ d_ , and summing: + +**==> picture [296 x 31] intentionally omitted <==** + +3 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +**==> picture [397 x 203] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Output Probabilities
Softmax
After T steps
Recurrent
Decoder Transition Function
Block
Recurrent After T steps
Encoder Transition Function Multihead Attention
Block
Multihead Self-Attention Multihead Self-Attention
Embed Input Symbols Embed Target Symbols
Input Sequence Target Sequence (right-shifted by one)
For T steps
For T steps
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +Figure 2: The recurrent blocks of the Universal Transformer encoder and decoder. This diagram omits position and time-step encodings as well as dropout, residual connections and layer normalization. A complete version can be found in Appendix A. The Universal Transformer with dynamic halting determines the number of steps _T_ for each position individually using ACT (Graves, 2016). + +After _T_ steps (each updating all positions of the input sequence in parallel), the final output of the Universal Transformer encoder is a matrix of _d_ -dimensional vector representations _H[T] ∈_ R _[m][×][d]_ for the _m_ symbols of the input sequence. + +**DECODER:** The decoder shares the same basic recurrent structure of the encoder. However, after the self-attention function, the decoder additionally also attends to the final encoder representation _H[T]_ of each position in the input sequence using the same multihead dot-product attention function from Equation 2, but with queries _Q_ obtained from projecting the decoder representations, and keys and values ( _K_ and _V_ ) obtained from projecting the encoder representations (this process is akin to standard attention (Bahdanau et al., 2014)). + +Like the Transformer model, the UT is autoregressive (Graves, 2013). Trained using teacher-forcing, at generation time it produces its output one symbol at a time, with the decoder consuming the previously produced output positions. During training, the decoder input is the target output, shifted to the right by one position. The decoder self-attention distributions are further masked so that the model can only attend to positions to the left of any predicted symbol. Finally, the per-symbol target distributions are obtained by applying an affine transformation _O ∈_ R _[d][×][V]_ from the final decoder state to the output vocabulary size _V_ , followed by a softmax which yields an ( _m×V_ )-dimensional output matrix normalized over its rows: + +**==> picture [288 x 13] intentionally omitted <==** + +To generate from the model, the encoder is run once for the conditioning input sequence. Then the decoder is run repeatedly, consuming all already-generated symbols, while generating one additional distribution over the vocabulary for the symbol at the next output position per iteration. We then typically sample or select the highest probability symbol as the next symbol. + +## 2.2 DYNAMIC HALTING + +In sequence processing systems, certain symbols (e.g. some words or phonemes) are usually more ambiguous than others. It is therefore reasonable to allocate more processing resources to these more ambiguous symbols. Adaptive Computation Time (ACT) (Graves, 2016) is a mechanism for dynamically modulating the number of computational steps needed to process each input symbol + +> 1Note that _T_ here denotes time-step _T_ and not the transpose operation. + +4 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +|**Model**|**10K examples**
**1K examples**| +|---|---| +||train single
train joint
train single
train joint| +||**Previous best results:**| +|QRNet (Seo et al., 2016)
Sparse DNC (Rae et al., 2016)
GA+MAGE Dhingra et al. (2017)
MemN2N Sukhbaatar et al. (2015)|0.3 (0/20)
-
-
-
-
2.9 (1/20)
-
-
-
-
8.7 (5/20)
-
-
-
-
12.4 (11/20)| +||**Our Results:**| +|Transformer (Vaswani et al., 2017)
Universal Transformer (this work)
UT w/ dynamic halting (this work)|15.2 (10/20)
22.1 (12/20)
21.8 (5/20)
26.8 (14/20)
0.23 (0/20)
0.47 (0/20)
5.31 (5/20)
8.50 (8/20)
**0.21 (0/20)**
**0.29 (0/20)**
**4.55 (3/20)**
**7.78 (5/20)**| + + + +Table 1: Average error and number of failed tasks ( _>_ 5% error) out of 20 (in parentheses; lower is better in both cases) on the bAbI dataset under the different training/evaluation setups. We indicate state-of-the-art where available for each, or ‘-’ otherwise. + +(called the “ponder time”) in standard recurrent neural networks based on a scalar _halting probability_ predicted by the model at each step. + +Inspired by the interpretation of Universal Transformers as applying self-attentive RNNs in parallel to all positions in the sequence, we also add a dynamic ACT halting mechanism to each position (i.e. to each per-symbol self-attentive RNN; see Appendix C for more details). Once the per-symbol recurrent block halts, its state is simply copied to the next step until all blocks halt, or we reach a maximum number of steps. The final output of the encoder is then the final layer of representations produced in this way. + +## 3 EXPERIMENTS AND ANALYSIS + +We evaluated the Universal Transformer on a range of algorithmic and language understanding tasks, as well as on machine translation. We describe these tasks and datasets in more detail in Appendix D. + +## 3.1 BABI QUESTION-ANSWERING + +The bAbi question answering dataset (Weston et al., 2015) consists of 20 different tasks, where the goal is to answer a question given a number of English sentences that encode potentially multiple supporting facts. The goal is to measure various forms of language understanding by requiring a certain type of reasoning over the linguistic facts presented in each story. A standard Transformer does not achieve good results on this task[2] . However, we have designed a model based on the Universal Transformer which achieves state-of-the-art results on this task. + +To encode the input, similar to Henaff et al. (2016), we first encode each fact in the story by applying a learned multiplicative positional mask to each word’s embedding, and summing up all embeddings. We embed the question in the same way, and then feed the (Universal) Transformer with these embeddings of the facts and questions. + +As originally proposed, models can either be trained on each task separately (“train single”) or jointly on all tasks (“train joint”). Table 1 summarizes our results. We conducted 10 runs with different initializations and picked the best model based on performance on the validation set, similar to previous work. Both the UT and UT with dynamic halting achieve state-of-the-art results on all tasks in terms of average error and number of failed tasks[3] , in both the 10K and 1K training regime (see Appendix E for breakdown by task). + +To understand the working of the model better, we analyzed both the attention distributions and the average ACT ponder times for this task (see Appendix F for details). First, we observe that the attention distributions start out very uniform, but get progressively sharper in later steps around the correct supporting facts that are required to answer each question, which is indeed very similar to how humans would solve the task. Second, with dynamic halting we observe that the average ponder time (i.e. depth + +> 2We experimented with different hyper-parameters and different network sizes, but it always overfits. 3 Defined as _>_ 5% error. + +5 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +Figure 3: Ponder time of UT with dynamic halting for encoding facts in a story and question in a bAbI task requiring three supporting facts. + +of the per-symbol recurrent processing chain) over all positions in all samples in the test data for tasks requiring three supporting facts is higher (3 _._ 8 _[±]_ 2 _._ 2) than for tasks requiring only two (3 _._ 1 _[±]_ 1 _._ 1), which is in turn higher than for tasks requiring only one supporting fact (2 _._ 3 _[±]_ 0 _._ 8). This indicates that the model adjusts the number of processing steps with the number of supporting facts required to answer the questions. Finally, we observe that the histogram of ponder times at different positions is more uniform in tasks requiring only one supporting fact compared to two and three, and likewise for tasks requiring two compared to three. Especially for tasks requiring three supporting facts, many positions halt at step 1 or 2 already and only a few get transformed for more steps (see for example Fig 3). This is particularly interesting as the length of stories is indeed much higher in this setting, with more irrelevant facts which the model seems to successfully learn to ignore in this way. + +Similar to dynamic memory networks (Kumar et al., 2016), there is an iterative attention process in UTs that allows the model to condition its attention over memory on the result of previous iterations. Appendix F presents some examples illustrating that there is a notion of temporal states in UT, where the model updates its states (memory) in each step based on the output of previous steps, and this chain of updates can also be viewed as steps in a multi-hop reasoning process. + +## 3.2 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT + +Next, we consider the task of predicting number-agreement between subjects and verbs in English sentences (Linzen et al., 2016). This task acts as a proxy for measuring the ability of a model to capture hierarchical (dependency) structure in natural language sentences. We use the dataset provided by (Linzen et al., 2016) and follow their experimental protocol of solving the task using a language modeling training setup, i.e. a next word prediction objective, followed by calculating the ranking accuracy of the target verb at test time. We evaluated our model on subsets of the test data with different task difficulty, measured in terms of _agreement attractors_ – the number of intervening nouns with the opposite number from the subject (meant to confuse the model). For example, given the sentence _The keys to the cabinet_[4] , the objective during training is to predict the verb _are_ (plural). At test time, we then evaluate the ranking accuracy of the agreement attractors: i.e. the goal is to rank _are_ higher than _is_ in this case. + +Our results are summarized in Table 2. The best LSTM with attention from the literature achieves 99.18% on this task (Yogatama et al., 2018), outperforming a vanilla Transformer (Tran et al., 2018). UTs significantly outperform standard Transformers, and achieve an _average_ result comparable to the current state of the art (99.2%). However, we see that UTs (and particularly with dynamic halting) perform progressively better than all other models as the number of attractors increases (see the last row, ∆). + +## 3.3 LAMBADA LANGUAGE MODELING + +The LAMBADA task (Paperno et al., 2016) is a language modeling task consisting of predicting a missing target word given a broader context of 4-5 preceding sentences. The dataset was specifically designed so that humans are able to accurately predict the target word when shown the full context, but not when only shown the target sentence in which it appears. It therefore goes beyond language + +> 4 _Cabinet_ (singular) is an agreement attractor in this case. + +6 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +|**Model**|**Number of attractors**
0
1
2
3
4
5
Total| +|---|---| +|**Previous best results (Yogatama et al., 2018):**|| +|Best Stack-RNN
_0.994_
0.979
0.965
0.935
0.916
0.880
0.992
Best LSTM
0.993
0.972
0.950
0.922
0.900
0.842
0.991
Best Attention
**0.994**
**0.977**
0.959
0.929
0.907
0.842
**0.992**|| +|**Our results:**|| +|Transformer
0.973
0.941
0.932
0.917
0.901
0.883
0.962
Universal Transformer
0.993
0.971
**0.969**
0.940
0.921
0.892
**0.992**
UT w/ ACT
**0.994**
0.969
0.967
**0.944**
**0.932**
**0.907**
**0.992**|| +|∆(UT w/ ACT - Best)
0
-0.008
0.002
0.009
0.016
0.027
-|| + + + +Table 2: Accuracy on the subject-verb agreement number prediction task (higher is better). + +|**Model**|**LM Perplexity & (Accuracy)**|**RC Accuracy**| +|---|---|---| +||control
dev
test|control
dev
test| +|Neural Cache (Grave et al., 2016)
Dhingra et al. Dhingra et al. (2018)|**129**
139
-
-
-
-|-
-
-
-
-
0.5569| +|Transformer
LSTM
UT_base_, 6 steps (fxed)
UT w/ dynamic halting|142 (0.19)
5122 (0.0)
7321 (0.0)
138 (0.23)
4966 (0.0)
5174 (0.0)
131 (0.32)
279 (0.18)
319 (0.17)
130 (0.32)
**134**(0.22)
**142**(0.19)|0.4102
0.4401
0.3988
0.1103
0.2316
0.2007
**0.4801**
0.5422
0.5216
0.4603
**0.5831**
**0.5625**| +|UT_base_, 8 steps (fxed)
UT_base_, 9 steps (fxed)|129(0.32)
192 (0.21)
202 (0.18)
**129(0.33)**
214 (0.21)
239 (0.17)|-
-
-
-
-
-| + + + +Table 3: LAMBADA language modeling (LM) perplexity (lower better) with accuracy in parentheses (higher better), and Reading Comprehension (RC) accuracy results (higher better). ‘-’ indicates no reported results in that setting. + +modeling, and tests the ability of a model to incorporate broader discourse and longer term context when predicting the target word. + +The task is evaluated in two settings: as _language modeling_ (the standard setup) and as _reading comprehension_ . In the former (more challenging) case, a model is simply trained for next-word prediction on the training data, and evaluated on the target words at test time (i.e. the model is trained to predict all words, not specifically challenging target words). In the latter setting, introduced by Chu et al. Chu et al. (2017), the target sentence (minus the last word) is used as query for selecting the target word from the context sentences. Note that the target word appears in the context 81% of the time, making this setup much simpler. However the task is impossible in the remaining 19% of the cases. + +The results are shown in Table 3. Universal Transformer achieves state-of-the-art results in both the language modeling and reading comprehension setup, outperforming both LSTMs and vanilla Transformers. Note that the control set was constructed similar to the LAMBADA development and test sets, but without filtering them in any way, so achieving good results on this set shows a model’s strength in standard language modeling. + +Our best fixed UT results used 6 steps. However, the average number of steps that the best UT with dynamic halting took on the test data over all positions and examples was 8 _._ 2 _[±]_ 2 _._ 1. In order to see if the dynamic model did better simply because it took more steps, we trained two fixed UT models with 8 and 9 steps respectively (see last two rows). Interestingly, these two models achieve better results compared to the model with 6 steps, but _do not outperform the UT with dynamic halting_ . This leads us to believe that dynamic halting may act as a useful regularizer for the model via incentivizing a smaller numbers of steps for some of the input symbols, while allowing more computation for others. + +## 3.4 ALGORITHMIC TASKS + +We trained UTs on three algorithmic tasks, namely Copy, Reverse, and (integer) Addition, all on strings composed of decimal symbols (‘0’-‘9’). In all the experiments, we train the models on sequences of length 40 and evaluated on sequences of length 400 (Kaiser & Sutskever, 2016). We + +7 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +|**Model**|**Copy**|**Reverse**|**Addition**
char-acc
seq-acc| +|---|---|---|---| +||char-acc
seq-acc|char-acc
seq-acc|| +|LSTM
Transformer
Universal Transformer
Neural GPU_∗_|0.45
0.09
0.53
0.03
0.91
0.35
**1.0**
**1.0**|0.66
0.11
0.13
0.06
0.96
0.46
**1.0**
**1.0**|0.08
0.0
0.07
0.0
0.34
0.02
**1.0**
**1.0**| + + + +Table 4: Accuracy (higher better) on the algorithmic tasks. _[∗]_ Note that the Neural GPU was trained with a special curriculum to obtain the perfect result, while other models are trained without any curriculum. + +|**Model**|**Copy**|**Double**|**Reverse**
char-acc
seq-acc| +|---|---|---|---| +||char-acc
seq-acc|char-acc
seq-acc|| +|LSTM
Transformer
Universal Transformer|0.78
0.11
0.98
0.63
**1.0**
**1.0**|0.51
0.047
0.94
0.55
**1.0**
**1.0**|0.91
0.32
0.81
0.26
**1.0**
**1.0**| + + + +Table 5: Character-level ( _char-acc_ ) and sequence-level accuracy ( _seq-acc_ ) results on the Memorization LTE tasks, with maximum length of 55. + +|**Model**|**Program**|**Control**|**Addition**
char-acc
seq-acc| +|---|---|---|---| +||char-acc
seq-acc|char-acc
seq-acc|| +|LSTM
Transformer
Universal Transformer|0.53
0.12
0.71
0.29
**0.89**
**0.63**|0.68
0.21
0.93
0.66
**1.0**
**1.0**|0.83
0.11
**1.0**
**1.0**
**1.0**
**1.0**| + + + +Table 6: Character-level ( _char-acc_ ) and sequence-level accuracy ( _seq-acc_ ) results on the Program Evaluation LTE tasks with maximum nesting of 2 and length of 5. + +train UTs using positions starting with randomized offsets to further encourage the model to learn position-relative transformations. Results are shown in Table 4. The UT outperforms both LSTM and vanilla Transformer by a wide margin on all three tasks. The Neural GPU reports perfect results on this task (Kaiser & Sutskever, 2016), however we note that this result required a special curriculum-based training protocol which was not used for other models. + +## 3.5 LEARNING TO EXECUTE (LTE) + +As another class of sequence-to-sequence learning problems, we also evaluate UTs on tasks indicating the ability of a model to learn to execute computer programs, as proposed in (Zaremba & Sutskever, 2015). These tasks include program evaluation tasks (program, control, and addition), and memorization tasks (copy, double, and reverse). + +We use the mix-strategy discussed in (Zaremba & Sutskever, 2015) to generate the datasets. Unlike (Zaremba & Sutskever, 2015), we do not use any curriculum learning strategy during training and we make no use of target sequences at test time. Tables 5 and 6 present the performance of an LSTM model, Transformer, and Universal Transformer on the program evaluation and memorization tasks, respectively. UT achieves perfect scores in all the memorization tasks and also outperforms both LSTMs and Transformers in all program evaluation tasks by a wide margin. + +## 3.6 MACHINE TRANSLATION + +We trained a UT on the WMT 2014 English-German translation task using the same setup as reported in (Vaswani et al., 2017) in order to evaluate its performance on a large-scale sequence-to-sequence task. Results are summarized in Table 7. The UT with a fully-connected recurrent transition function (instead of separable convolution) and without ACT improves by 0.9 BLEU over a Transformer and 0.5 BLEU over a Weighted Transformer with approximately the same number of parameters (Ahmed et al., 2017). + +8 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +|**Model**|**BLEU**| +|---|---| +|Universal Transformer_small_|26.8| +|Transformer_base_(Vaswani et al., 2017)|28.0| +|Weighted Transformer_base_(Ahmed et al., 2017)|28.4| +|Universal Transformer_base_|**28.9**| + + + +Table 7: Machine translation results on the WMT14 En-De translation task trained on 8xP100 GPUs in comparable training setups. All _base_ results have the same number of parameters. + +## 4 DISCUSSION + +When running for a fixed number of steps, the Universal Transformer is equivalent to a multi-layer Transformer with tied parameters across all its layers. This is partly similar to the Recursive Transformer, which ties the weights of its self-attention layers across depth (Gulcehre et al., 2018)[5] . However, as the per-symbol recurrent transition functions can be applied any number of times, another and possibly more informative way of characterizing the UT is as a block of parallel RNNs (one for each symbol, with shared parameters) evolving per-symbol hidden states concurrently, generated at each step by attending to the sequence of hidden states at the previous step. In this way, it is related to architectures such as the Neural GPU (Kaiser & Sutskever, 2016) and the Neural Turing Machine (Graves et al., 2014). UTs thereby retain the attractive computational efficiency of the original feedforward Transformer model, but with the added recurrent inductive bias of RNNs. Furthermore, using a dynamic halting mechanism, UTs can choose the number of processing steps based on the input data. + +The connection between the Universal Transformer and other sequence models is apparent from the architecture: if we limited the recurrent steps to one, it would be a Transformer. But it is more interesting to consider the relationship between the Universal Transformer and RNNs and other networks where recurrence happens over the time dimension. Superficially these models may seem closely related since they are recurrent as well. But there is a crucial difference: time-recurrent models like RNNs cannot access memory in the recurrent steps. This makes them computationally more similar to automata, since the only memory available in the recurrent part is a fixed-size state vector. UTs on the other hand can attend to the whole previous layer, allowing it to access memory in the recurrent step. + +Given sufficient memory the Universal Transformer is computationally universal – i.e. it belongs to the class of models that can be used to simulate any Turing machine, thereby addressing a shortcoming of the standard Transformer model[6] . In addition to being theoretically appealing, our results show that this added expressivity also leads to improved accuracy on several challenging sequence modeling tasks. This closes the gap between practical sequence models competitive on large-scale tasks such as machine translation, and computationally universal models such as the Neural Turing Machine or the Neural GPU (Graves et al., 2014; Kaiser & Sutskever, 2016), which can be trained using gradient descent to perform algorithmic tasks. + +To show this, we can reduce a Neural GPU to a Universal Transformer. Ignoring the decoder and parameterizing the self-attention module, i.e. self-attention with the residual connection, to be the identity function, we assume the transition function to be a convolution. If we now set the total number of recurrent steps _T_ to be equal to the input length, we obtain exactly a Neural GPU. Note that the last step is where the Universal Transformer crucially differs from the vanilla Transformer whose depth cannot scale dynamically with the size of the input. A similar relationship exists between the Universal Transformer and the Neural Turing Machine, whose single read/write operations per step can be expressed by the global, parallel representation revisions of the Universal Transformer. In contrast to these models, however, which only perform well on algorithmic tasks, the Universal Transformer also achieves competitive results on realistic natural language tasks such as LAMBADA and machine translation. + +Another related model architecture is that of end-to-end Memory Networks (Sukhbaatar et al., 2015). In contrast to end-to-end memory networks, however, the Universal Transformer uses memory corresponding to states aligned to individual positions of its inputs or outputs. Furthermore, the Universal Transformer follows the encoder-decoder configuration and achieves competitive performance in large-scale sequence-to-sequence tasks. + +> 5Note that in UT both the self-attention and transition weights are tied across layers. + +> 6Appendix B illustrates how UT is computationally more powerful than the standard Transformer. + +9 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +## 5 CONCLUSION + +This paper introduces the Universal Transformer, a generalization of the Transformer model that extends its theoretical capabilities and produces state-of-the-art results on a wide range of challenging sequence modeling tasks, such as language understanding but also a variety of algorithmic tasks, thereby addressing a key shortcoming of the standard Transformer. The Universal Transformer combines the following key properties into one model: + +**Weight sharing** : Following intuitions behind weight sharing found in CNNs and RNNs, we extend the Transformer with a simple form of weight sharing that strikes an effective balance between inductive bias and model expressivity, which we show extensively on both small and large-scale experiments. + +**Conditional computation** : In our goal to build a computationally universal machine, we equipped the Universal Transformer with the ability to halt or continue computation through a recently introduced mechanism, which shows stronger results compared to the fixed-depth Universal Transformer. + +We are enthusiastic about the recent developments on parallel-in-time sequence models. By adding computational capacity and recurrence in processing depth, we hope that further improvements beyond the basic Universal Transformer presented here will help us build learning algorithms that are both more powerful, data efficient, and generalize beyond the current state-of-the-art. + +The code used to train and evaluate Universal Transformers is available at https: //github.com/tensorflow/tensor2tensor (Vaswani et al., 2018). + +**Acknowledgements** We are grateful to Ashish Vaswani, Douglas Eck, and David Dohan for their fruitful comments and inspiration. + +## REFERENCES + +- Karim Ahmed, Nitish Shirish Keskar, and Richard Socher. Weighted transformer network for machine translation. _arXiv preprint arXiv:1711.02132_ , 2017. + +- Jimmy Lei Ba, Jamie Ryan Kiros, and Geoffrey E Hinton. Layer normalization. _arXiv preprint arXiv:1607.06450_ , 2016. URL http://arxiv.org/abs/1607.06450. + +- Dzmitry Bahdanau, Kyunghyun Cho, and Yoshua Bengio. 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Inferring algorithmic patterns with stack-augmented recurrent nets. In _Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, (NIPS)_ , 2015. + +- Łukasz Kaiser and Ilya Sutskever. Neural GPUs learn algorithms. In _International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)_ , 2016. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.08228. + +- Łukasz Kaiser, Aidan N. Gomez, and Francois Chollet. Depthwise separable convolutions for neural machine translation. _CoRR_ , abs/1706.03059, 2017. URL http://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03059. + +- Ankit Kumar, Ozan Irsoy, Peter Ondruska, Mohit Iyyer, James Bradbury, Ishaan Gulrajani, Victor Zhong, Romain Paulus, and Richard Socher. Ask me anything: Dynamic memory networks for natural language processing. In _International Conference on Machine Learning_ , pp. 1378–1387, 2016. + +- Zhouhan Lin, Minwei Feng, Cicero Nogueira dos Santos, Mo Yu, Bing Xiang, Bowen Zhou, and Yoshua Bengio. A structured self-attentive sentence embedding. _arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.03130_ , 2017. + +- Tal Linzen, Emmanuel Dupoux, and Yoav Goldberg. Assessing the ability of lstms to learn syntax-sensitive dependencies. _Transactions of the Association of Computational Linguistics_ , 4(1):521–535, 2016. + +- Denis Paperno, Germán Kruszewski, Angeliki Lazaridou, Ngoc Quan Pham, Raffaella Bernardi, Sandro Pezzelle, Marco Baroni, Gemma Boleda, and Raquel Fernandez. The lambada dataset: Word prediction requiring a broad discourse context. In _Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)_ , volume 1, pp. 1525–1534, 2016. + +- Ankur Parikh, Oscar Täckström, Dipanjan Das, and Jakob Uszkoreit. A decomposable attention model. In _Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing_ , 2016. URL https: //arxiv.org/pdf/1606.01933.pdf. + +- Jack Rae, Jonathan J Hunt, Ivo Danihelka, Timothy Harley, Andrew W Senior, Gregory Wayne, Alex Graves, and Tim Lillicrap. Scaling memory-augmented neural networks with sparse reads and writes. In _Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems_ , pp. 3621–3629, 2016. + +- Minjoon Seo, Sewon Min, Ali Farhadi, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi. Query-reduction networks for question answering. _arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.04582_ , 2016. + +- Nitish Srivastava, Geoffrey E Hinton, Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever, and Ruslan Salakhutdinov. Dropout: a simple way to prevent neural networks from overfitting. _Journal of Machine Learning Research_ , 15(1): 1929–1958, 2014. + +- Sainbayar Sukhbaatar, arthur szlam, Jason Weston, and Rob Fergus. End-to-end memory networks. In C. Cortes, N. D. Lawrence, D. D. Lee, M. Sugiyama, and R. Garnett (eds.), _Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 28_ , pp. 2440–2448. Curran Associates, Inc., 2015. URL http://papers.nips.cc/paper/5846-end-to-end-memory-networks.pdf. + +- Ilya Sutskever, Oriol Vinyals, and Quoc V. Le. Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks. In _Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems_ , pp. 3104–3112, 2014. URL http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.3215. + +- Ke Tran, Arianna Bisazza, and Christof Monz. The importance of being recurrent for modeling hierarchical structure. In _Proceedings of NAACL’18_ , 2018. + +- Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. Attention is all you need. _CoRR_ , 2017. URL http://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762. + +- Ashish Vaswani, Samy Bengio, Eugene Brevdo, Francois Chollet, Aidan N. Gomez, Stephan Gouws, Llion Jones, Łukasz Kaiser, Nal Kalchbrenner, Niki Parmar, Ryan Sepassi, Noam Shazeer, and Jakob Uszkoreit. Tensor2tensor for neural machine translation. _CoRR_ , abs/1803.07416, 2018. + +11 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +- Jason Weston, Antoine Bordes, Sumit Chopra, Alexander M Rush, Bart van Merriënboer, Armand Joulin, and Tomas Mikolov. Towards ai-complete question answering: A set of prerequisite toy tasks. _arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.05698_ , 2015. + +- Dani Yogatama, Yishu Miao, Gabor Melis, Wang Ling, Adhiguna Kuncoro, Chris Dyer, and Phil Blunsom. Memory architectures in recurrent neural network language models. In _International Conference on Learning Representations_ , 2018. URL https://openreview.net/forum?id=SkFqf0lAZ. + +Wojciech Zaremba and Ilya Sutskever. Learning to execute. _CoRR_ , abs/1410.4615, 2015. URL http://arxiv.org/abs/1410.4615. + +12 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +## APPENDIX A DETAILED SCHEMA OF THE UNIVERSAL TRANSFORMER + +**==> picture [368 x 380] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Output Probabilities
Softmax
After T steps
Recurrent
Decoder Layer Normalization
Block
+
Dropout
Transition Function
Recurrent
Encoder Layer Normalization Layer Normalization
Block
+ +
Dropout Dropout
After T steps
Transition Function Multihead Attention
Layer Normalization Layer Normalization
+ +
Dropout Dropout
Multihead Self-Attention Multihead Self-Attention
Timestep embedding + Timestep embedding +
Position embedding + Position embedding +
Embed Input Symbols Embed Target Symbols
Input Sequence Target Sequence (right-shifted by one)
For T steps For T steps
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +Figure 4: The Universal Transformer with position and step embeddings as well as dropout and layer normalization. + +## APPENDIX B ON THE COMPUTATIONAL POWER OF UT VS TRANSFORMER + +With respect to their computational power, the key difference between the Transformer and the Universal Transformer lies in the number of sequential steps of computation (i.e. in depth). While a standard Transformer executes a total number of operations that scales with the input size, the number of sequential operations is constant, independent of the input size and determined solely by the number of layers. Assuming finite precision, this property implies that the standard Transformer cannot be computationally universal. When choosing a number of steps as a function of the input length, however, the Universal Transformer does not suffer from this limitation. Note that this holds independently of whether or not adaptive computation time is employed but does assume a non-constant, even if possibly deterministic, number of steps. Varying the number of steps dynamically after training is enabled by sharing weights across sequential computation steps in the Universal Transformer. + +An intuitive example are functions whose execution requires the sequential processing of each input element. In this case, for any given choice of depth _T_ , one can construct an input sequence of length _N > T_ that cannot be processed correctly by a standard Transformer. With an appropriate, input-length dependent choice of sequential steps, however, a Universal Transformer, RNNs or Neural GPUs can execute such a function. + +13 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +## APPENDIX C UT WITH DYNAMIC HALTING + +We implement the dynamic halting based on ACT (Graves, 2016) as follows in TensorFlow. In each step of the UT with dynamic halting, we are given the halting probabilities, remainders, number of updates up to that point, and the previous state (all initialized as zeros), as well as a scalar threshold between 0 and 1 (a hyper-parameter). We then compute the new state for each position and calculate the new per-position halting probabilities based on the state for each position. The UT then decides to halt for some positions that crossed the threshold, and updates the state of other positions until the model halts for all positions or reaches a predefined maximum number of steps: + +1 # While _−_ loop s t o p s when t h i s p r e d i c a t e i s FALSE 2 # i . e . a l l ( ( p r o b a b i l i t y < t h r e s h o l d ) & ( c o u n t e r < max_steps ) ) are f a l s e 3 def should_continue ( u0 , u1 , h a l t i n g _ p r o b a b i l i t y , u2 , n_updates , u3 ) : 4 r e t u r n t f . reduce_any ( 5 t f . l o g i c a l _ a n d ( 6 t f . l e s s ( h a l t i n g _ p r o b a b i l i t y , t h r e s h o l d ) , 7 t f . l e s s ( n_updates , max_steps ) ) ) 8 # Do while loop i t e r a t i o n s u n t i l p r e d i c a t e above i s f a l s e 9 ( _ , _ , _ , remainder , n_updates , new_state ) = t f . while_loop ( 10 should_continue , ut_with_dynamic_halting , ( s t a t e , 11 step , h a l t i n g _ p r o b a b i l i t y , remainders , n_updates , p r e v i o u s _ s t a t e ) ) Listing 1: UT with dynamic halting. + +The following shows the computations in each step: + +1 def ut_with_dynamic_halting ( s t a t e , step , h a l t i n g _ p r o b a b i l i t y , 2 remainders , n_updates , p r e v i o u s _ s t a t e ) : 3 # C a l c u l a t e the p r o b a b i l i t i e s based on the s t a t e 4 p = common_layers . dense ( s t a t e , 1 , a c t i v a t i o n = t f . nn . sigmoid , 5 u se _ bi a s =True ) 6 # Mask f o r i n p u t s which have not h a l t e d yet 7 s t i l l _ r u n n i n g = t f . c a s t ( 8 t f . l e s s ( h a l t i n g _ p r o b a b i l i t y , 1 . 0 ) , t f . f l o a t 3 2 ) 9 # Mask of i n p u t s which h a l t e d a t t h i s s t e p 10 new_halted = t f . c a s t ( 11 t f . g r e a t e r ( h a l t i n g _ p r o b a b i l i t y + p _∗_ s t i l l _ r u n n i n g , t h r e s h o l d ) , 12 t f . f l o a t 3 2 ) _∗_ s t i l l _ r u n n i n g 13 # Mask of i n p u t s which haven ’ t halted , and didn ’ t h a l t t h i s s t e p 14 s t i l l _ r u n n i n g = t f . c a s t ( 15 t f . l e s s _ e q u a l ( h a l t i n g _ p r o b a b i l i t y + p _∗_ s t i l l _ r u n n i n g , 16 t h r e s h o l d ) , t f . f l o a t 3 2 ) _∗_ s t i l l _ r u n n i n g 17 # Add the h a l t i n g p r o b a b i l i t y f o r t h i s s t e p to the h a l t i n g 18 # p r o b a b i l i t i e s f o r those i n p u t s which haven ’ t h a l t e d yet 19 h a l t i n g _ p r o b a b i l i t y += p _∗_ s t i l l _ r u n n i n g 20 # Compute remainders f o r the i n p u t s which h a l t e d a t t h i s s t e p 21 remainders += new_halted _∗_ (1 _−_ h a l t i n g _ p r o b a b i l i t y ) 22 # Add the remainders to those i n p u t s which h a l t e d a t t h i s s t e p 23 h a l t i n g _ p r o b a b i l i t y += new_halted _∗_ remainders 24 # Increment n_updates f o r a l l i n p u t s which are s t i l l running 25 n_updates += s t i l l _ r u n n i n g + new_halted 26 # Compute the weight to be a p p l i e d to the new s t a t e and o utput : 27 # 0 when the i n p u t has a l r e a d y halted , 28 # p when the i n p u t hasn ’ t h a l t e d yet , 29 # the remainders when i t h a l t e d t h i s s t e p . 30 update_weights = t f . expand_dims ( p _∗_ s t i l l _ r u n n i n g + 31 new_halted _∗_ remainders , _−_ 1) 32 # Apply t r a n s f o r m a t i o n to the s t a t e 33 t r a n s f o r m e d _ s t a t e = t r a n s i t i o n _ f u n c t i o n ( s e l f _ a t t e n t i o n ( s t a t e ) ) 34 # I n t e r p o l a t e transformed and p r e v i o u s s t a t e s f o r non _−_ h a l t e d i n p u t s 35 new_state = ( ( t r a n s f o r m e d _ s t a t e _∗_ update_weights ) + 36 ( p r e v i o u s _ s t a t e _∗_ (1 _−_ update_weights ) ) ) 37 s t e p += 1 38 r e t u r n ( t r a n s f o r m e d _ s t a t e , step , h a l t i n g _ p r o b a b i l i t y , 39 remainders , n_updates , new_state ) + +Listing 2: Computations in each step of the UT with dynamic halting. + +14 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +## APPENDIX D DESCRIPTION OF SOME OF THE TASKS/DATASETS + +Here, we provide some additional details on the bAbI, subject-verb agreement, LAMBADA language modeling, and learning to execute (LTE) tasks. + +## D.1 BABI QUESTION-ANSWERING + +The bAbi question answering dataset (Weston et al., 2015) consists of 20 different synthetic tasks[7] . The aim is that each task tests a unique aspect of language understanding and reasoning, including the ability of: reasoning from supporting facts in a story, answering true/false type questions, counting, understanding negation and indefinite knowledge, understanding coreferences, time reasoning, positional and size reasoning, path-finding, and understanding motivations (to see examples for each of these tasks, please refer to Table 1 in (Weston et al., 2015)). + +There are two versions of the dataset, one with 1k training examples and the other with 10k examples. It is important for a model to be data-efficient to achieve good results using only the 1k training examples. Moreover, the original idea is that a single model should be evaluated across all the tasks (not tuning per task), which is the _train joint_ setup in Table 1, and the tables presented in Appendix E. + +## D.2 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT + +Subject-verb agreement is the task of predicting number agreement between subject and verb in English sentences. Succeeding in this task is a strong indicator that a model can learn to approximate syntactic structure and therefore it was proposed by Linzen et al. (2016) as proxy for assessing the ability of different models to capture hierarchical structure in natural language. + +Two experimental setups were proposed by Linzen et al. (2016) for training a model on this task: 1) training with a language modeling objective, i.e., next word prediction, and 2) as binary classification, i.e. predicting the number of the verb given the sentence. In this paper, we use the language modeling objective, meaning that we provide the model with an implicit supervision and evaluate based on the ranking accuracy of the correct form of the verb compared to the incorrect form of the verb. + +In this task, in order to have different levels of difficulty, “agreement attractors” are used, i.e. one or more intervening nouns with the opposite number from the subject with the goal of confusing the model. In this case, the model needs to correctly identify the head of the syntactic subject that corresponds to a given verb and ignore the intervening attractors in order to predict the correct form of that verb. Here are some examples for this task in which subjects and the corresponding verbs are in boldface and agreement attractors are underlined: + +**No attractor:** The **boy smiles** . **One attractor:** The **number** of men **is** not clear. **Two attractors:** The **ratio** of men to women **is** not clear. **Three attractors:** The **ratio** of men to women and children **is** not clear. + +## D.3 LAMBADA LANGUAGE MODELING + +The LAMBADA task (Paperno et al., 2016) is a broad context language modeling task. In this task, given a narrative passage, the goal is to predict the last word (target word) of the last sentence (target sentence) in the passage. These passages are specifically selected in a way that human subjects are easily able to guess their last word if they are exposed to a long passage, but not if they only see the target sentence preceding the target word[8] . Here is a sample from the dataset: + +**Context** : “Yes, I thought I was going to lose the baby.” “I was scared too,” he stated, sincerity flooding his eyes. “You were?” “Yes, of course. Why do you even ask?” “This baby wasn’t exactly planned for.” **Target sentence** : “Do you honestly think that I would want you to have a ________?” **Target word** : miscarriage + +The LAMBADA task consists in predicting the target word given the whole passage (i.e., the context plus the target sentence). A “control set” is also provided which was constructed by randomly sampling passages of the same shape and size as the ones used to build LAMBADA, but without filtering them in any way. The control + +> 7https://research.fb.com/downloads/babi + +> 8http://clic.cimec.unitn.it/lambada/appendix_onefile.pdf + +15 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +set is used to evaluate the models at standard language modeling before testing on the LAMBADA task, and therefore to ensure that low performance on the latter cannot be attributed simply to poor language modeling. + +The task is evaluated in two settings: as _language modeling_ (the standard setup) and as _reading comprehension_ . In the former (more challenging) case, a model is simply trained for the next word prediction on the training data, and evaluated on the target words at test time (i.e. the model is trained to predict all words, not specifically challenging target words). In this paper, we report the results of the Universal Transformer in both setups. + +## D.4 LEARNING TO EXECUTE (LTE) + +LTE is a set of tasks indicating the ability of a model to learn to execute computer programs and was proposed by Zaremba & Sutskever (2015). These tasks include two subsets: 1) program evaluation tasks (program, control, and addition) that are designed to assess the ability of models for understanding numerical operations, if-statements, variable assignments, the compositionality of operations, and more, as well as 2) memorization tasks (copy, double, and reverse). + +The difficulty of the program evaluation tasks is parameterized by their _length_ and _nesting_ . The length parameter is the number of digits in the integers that appear in the programs (so the integers are chosen uniformly from [1, _length_ ]), and the nesting parameter is the number of times we are allowed to combine the operations with each other. Higher values of nesting yield programs with deeper parse trees. For instance, here is a program that is generated with length = 4 and nesting = 3. + +**Input** : j=8584 for x in range(8): j+=920 b=(1500+j) print((b+7567)) **Target** : 25011 + +16 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +## APPENDIX E BABI DETAILED RESULTS + +||Best seed run for each task (out of 10 runs)| +|---|---| +|Task id|10K
1K| +||train single
train joint
train single
train joint| +|1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20|0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.4
1.2
3.7
5.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.9
0.4
1.2
5.8
15.4
0.6
0.2
32.0
42.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.1
2.8
3.1
47.1
68.2
0.0
0.0
2.4
2.4| +|avg err|0.21
0.29
4.55
7.78| +|failed|0
0
3
5| + + + +Average ( _[±]_ var) over all seeds (for 10 runs) + +||Average (_±_var) over all seeds (for 10 runs)| +|---|---| +|Task id|10K
1K| +||train single
train joint
train single
train joint| +|1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20|0.0 _±_0.0
0.0 _±_0.0
0.2 _±_0.3
0.1 _±_0.2
0.2 _±_0.4
1.7 _±_2.6
3.2 _±_4.1
4.3 _±_11.6
1.8 _±_1.8
4.6 _±_7.3
9.1 _±_12.7
14.3 _±_18.1
0.1 _±_0.1
0.2 _±_0.1
0.3 _±_0.3
0.4 _±_0.6
0.2 _±_0.3
0.8 _±_0.5
1.1 _±_1.3
4.3 _±_5.6
0.1 _±_0.2
0.1 _±_0.2
1.2 _±_2.1
0.8 _±_0.4
0.3 _±_0.5
1.1 _±_1.5
0.0 _±_0.0
4.1 _±_2.9
0.3 _±_0.2
0.5 _±_1.1
0.1 _±_0.2
3.9 _±_4.2
0.0 _±_0.0
0.0 _±_0.0
0.1 _±_0.1
0.3 _±_0.3
0.1 _±_0.2
0.5 _±_0.4
0.7 _±_0.8
1.3 _±_1.6
0.0 _±_0.0
0.1 _±_0.1
0.4 _±_0.8
0.3 _±_0.9
0.2 _±_0.1
0.4 _±_0.4
0.6 _±_0.9
0.3 _±_0.4
0.2 _±_0.5
0.3 _±_0.4
0.8 _±_0.9
1.1 _±_0.9
1.8 _±_2.6
1.3 _±_1.6
0.1 _±_0.2
4.7 _±_5.2
2.1 _±_3.4
1.6 _±_2.8
0.3 _±_0.5
10.3 _±_8.6
1.9 _±_2.2
0.9 _±_1.3
9.1 _±_8.1
34.1 _±_22.8
1.6 _±_0.8
1.4 _±_3.4
43.7 _±_18.6
51.1 _±_12.9
0.3 _±_0.4
0.7 _±_1.4
2.3 _±_3.6
12.8 _±_9.0
3.4 _±_4.0
6.1 _±_7.3
50.2 _±_8.4
73.1 _±_23.9
0.0 _±_0.0
0.0 _±_0.0
3.2 _±_2.5
2.6 _±_2.8| +|avg|0.73 _±_0.89
1.12 _±_1.62
6.34 _±_3.32
11.21 _±_6.65| + + + +17 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +## APPENDIX F BABI ATTENTION VISUALIZATION + +We present a visualization of the attention distributions on bAbI tasks for a couple of examples. The visualization of attention weights is over different time steps based on different heads over all the facts in the story and a question. Different color bars on the left side indicate attention weights based on different heads (4 heads in total). + +**==> picture [311 x 414] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+An example from tasks 1 : (requiring one supportive fact to solve)
Story :
John travelled to the hallway.
Mary journeyed to the bathroom.
Daniel went back to the bathroom.
John moved to the bedroom
Question :
Where is Mary?
Model’s output :
bathroom
John travelled to the hallway . John travelled to the
Mary journeyed to the bathroom . Mary journeyed to the
Daniel went back to the bathroom . Daniel went back to
John moved to the bedroom . John moved to the
Where is Mary?) ———————————_ Where is Mary?
(a) Step 1
John travelled to the hallway . John travelled to the
Mary journeyed to the bathroom . Mary journeyed to the
Daniel went back to the bathroom . Daniel went back to
John moved to the bedroom . John moved to the
Where is Mary? Where is Mary?
(b) Step 2
John travelled to the hallway . John travelled to the
Mary journeyed to the bathroom . Mary journeyed to the
Daniel went back to the bathroom . Daniel went back to
John moved to the bedroom . John moved to the
| Where is Mary? Where is Mary?
(c) Step 3
John travelled to the hallway . John travelled to the
Mary journe’ Mary journeyed to the
Daniel went back to the bathroom . Daniel went back to
John moved to the bedroom . John moved to the
FY Where is Mary? Where is Mary?
(d) Step 4
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +Figure 5: Visualization of the attention distributions, when encoding the question: _“Where is Mary?”_ . + +18 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +**An example from tasks 2** : **(requiring two supportive facts to solve) Story** : Sandra journeyed to the hallway. Mary went to the bathroom. Mary took the apple there. Mary dropped the apple. **Question** : Where is the apple? **Model’s output** : bathroom Sandra journeyed to the hallway . Sandra journeyed to the Mary went to the bathroom . Mary went to the Mary took the apple there . Mary took the apple MaryWheredroppedis thethe appleapple .? ——we WhereMary droppedis the apple the apple? (a) Step 1 Sandra journeyed to the hallway . Sandra journeyed to the PI Mary welifSHREIBathroom . Mary went to the Mary took the apple there . Mary took the apple Mary dropped the apple . Mary dropped the apple Where is the apple ? Where is the apple ? (b) Step 2 Sandra journeyed to the hallway . Sandra journeyed to the Mary weiititoltielpathroom . Mary went to the Mary dropped the apple . Mary dropped the apple Mary took the apple there . ~ Mary took the apple Where is the apple ? Where is the apple ? (c) Step 3 Sandra journeyedto the hallway . Sandra journeyed to the Mary went to the bathroom . Mary went to the Mary took the apple there . Mary took the apple Mary dropped the apple . Mary dropped the apple Where isSN Where is the apple ? (d) Step 4 + +Figure 6: Visualization of the attention distributions, when encoding the question: _“Where is the apple?”_ . + +19 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +**An example from tasks 2** : **(requiring two supportive facts to solve) Story** : John went to the hallway. John went back to the bathroom. John grabbed the milk there. Sandra went back to the office. Sandra journeyed to the kitchen. Sandra got the apple there. Sandra dropped the apple there. John dropped the milk. **Question** : Where is the milk? **Model’s output** : bathroom + +**==> picture [36 x 340] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+(a) Step 1
(b) Step 2
(c) Step 3
(d) Step 4
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +Figure 7: Visualization of the attention distributions, when encoding the question: _“Where is the milk?”_ . + +20 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +**An example from tasks 3** : **Story** : Mary got the milk. + +**(requiring three supportive facts to solve)** + +John moved to the bedroom. Daniel journeyed to the office. John grabbed the apple there. John got the football. John journeyed to the garden. Mary left the milk. John left the football. Daniel moved to the garden. Daniel grabbed the football. Mary moved to the hallway. Mary went to the kitchen. John put down the apple there. John picked up the apple. Sandra moved to the hallway. Daniel left the football there. Daniel took the football. John travelled to the kitchen. Daniel dropped the football. John dropped the apple. John grabbed the apple. John went to the office. Sandra went back to the bedroom. Sandra took the milk. John journeyed to the bathroom. John travelled to the office. Sandra left the milk. Mary went to the bedroom. Mary moved to the office. John travelled to the hallway. Sandra moved to the garden. Mary moved to the kitchen. Daniel took the football. Mary journeyed to the bedroom. Mary grabbed the milk there. Mary discarded the milk. John went to the garden. John discarded the apple there. + +**Question** : + +Where was the apple before the bathroom? **Model’s output** : office + +21 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +**==> picture [35 x 9] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+(e) Step 1
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +(f) Step 2 + +22 + +Published as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 + +**==> picture [36 x 9] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+(g) Step 3
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +## (h) Step 4 + +Figure 7: Visualization of the attention distributions, when encoding the question: _“Where was the apple before the bathroom?”_ . + +23 + diff --git a/docs/papers/2410.02506v1 (1).md b/docs/papers/2410.02506v1 (1).md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..572f815 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/papers/2410.02506v1 (1).md @@ -0,0 +1,2222 @@ +AgentPrune + +## CUT THE CRAP: AN ECONOMICAL COMMUNICATION PIPELINE FOR LLM-BASED MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS + + +**Guibin Zhang** [1] _[,]_ [2] _[†]_ **, Yanwei Yue** [1] _[†]_ **, Zhixun Li** [3] _[†]_ **, Sukwon Yun** [4] **, Guancheng Wan** [5] **,** +**Kun Wang** [6] _[∗]_, **Dawei Cheng** [1] _[,]_ [2], **Jeffrey Xu Yu** [3], **Tianlong Chen** [4] + +1Tongji University 2Shanghai AI Laboratory 3The Chinese University of Hong Kong +4University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 5Emory University +6Nanyang Technological University + + +ABSTRACT + + +Recent advancements in large language model (LLM)-powered agents have shown +that collective intelligence can significantly outperform individual capabilities, +largely attributed to the meticulously designed inter-agent communication topologies. Though impressive in performance, existing multi-agent pipelines inherently introduce substantial token overhead, as well as increased economic costs, +which pose challenges for their large-scale deployments. In response to this +challenge, we propose an economical, simple, and robust multi-agent communication framework, termed **`AgentPrune`**, which can seamlessly integrate into +mainstream multi-agent systems and prunes redundant or even malicious communication messages. Technically, **`AgentPrune`** is the first to identify and formally define the _communication redundancy_ issue present in current LLM-based +multi-agent pipelines, and efficiently performs one-shot pruning on the spatialtemporal message-passing graph, yielding a token-economic and high-performing +communication topology. Extensive experiments across six benchmarks demonstrate that **`AgentPrune`** **(I)** achieves comparable results as state-of-the-art topologies at merely $5 _._ 6 cost compared to their $43 _._ 7, **(II)** integrates seamlessly into +existing multi-agent frameworks with 28 _._ 1% _∼_ 72 _._ 8% _↓_ token reduction, and +**(III)** successfully defend against two types of agent-based adversarial attacks +with 3 _._ 5% _∼_ 10 _._ 8% _↑_ performance boost. The source code is available at +[https://github.com/yanweiyue/AgentPrune.](https://github.com/yanweiyue/AgentPrune) + + +1 INTRODUCTION + + +Large Language Model (LLM) based +agents (Richards & et al., 2023; Nakajima, 2023; Reworkd, 2023) have demonstrated strong performance across a diverse range of tasks, including reasoning +(Yao et al., 2023b), code generation (Shinn +et al., 2023), and even more complex applications like video gaming (Wang et al., +2023) and autopilot systems (Jin et al., +2023). Recent endeavors have shown that +combining implicitly or explicitly different LLM-based agents into a team can outperform a single agent in handling complex tasks (Du et al., 2023b; Liang et al., +2023; Wang et al., 2023c; Jiang et al., +2023; Shinn et al., 2023; Zheng et al., +2023; Wu et al., 2023), which supports the **Figure** **1:** The workflow of existing LLM-based (problempresence of human-esque collaborative in- solving) multi-agent systems. The agent-agent communicatelligence in multi-agent systems (Zhang tion occurs at both intra- and inter-dialogue stages. +et al., 2023b). In practice, previous research has explored approaches in which instances of LLMs, + + +_∗_ Kun Wang is the corresponding author, _†_ denotes equal contributions. + + +1 + + +AgentPrune + + + +**Figure** **2:** ( _**Left**_ ) The accuracy comparison on MMLU (Hendrycks et al., 2021) among (1) a single +gpt-3.5-turbo, (2) three gpt-3.5-turbo as agents equipped with intra-dialogue communication structures like chain and tree (Qian et al., 2024), complete graph, and GPTSwarm (Zhuge et al., 2024), and (3) those +equipped with inter-dialogue communication structures like PHP (Zheng et al., 2023), LLM-Debate (Du et al., +2023b), DyLAN (Liu et al., 2023b) and our **`AgentPrune`** . ( _**Middle**_ ) The prompt token consumption comparison +on MMLU between different methods. ( _**Right**_ ) The overview of our proposed **`AgentPrune`** . + + +referred to as agents (Wang et al., 2024b; Xi et al., 2023; Gao et al., 2023; Cheng et al., 2024; Ma +et al., 2024), collaborate synergistically ( _e.g._, through debate or reflection) to complete tasks (Du +et al., 2023a; Pezeshkpour et al., 2024; Guo et al., 2024; Du et al., 2024; Han et al., 2024) via diverse communication topologies ( _e.g._, chain (Wei et al., 2022), tree (Yao et al., 2023a), complete +graph (Qian et al., 2024), random graph (Qian et al., 2024), optimizable graph (Zhuge et al., 2024), +LLM-based network (Hao et al., 2023; Liu et al., 2023b)). The exceptional performance of these +cooperative agents significantly benefits from their interactive communication and collaboration, +specifically how agents _transmit,_ _exchange,_ and _assimilate_ information (Chan et al., 2023; Wang +et al., 2023c; Liu et al., 2023b). + + +Taking a closer look into the communication mechanisms in existing multi-agent systems, they +typically involve two key types (as shown in Figure 1): ❶ **Intra-dialogue communication** : For a +given query/task, multiple agents interact–whether by cooperating (Du et al., 2023a; Wu et al., 2023; +Rasal, 2024), teaching (Zhang et al., 2024c), or competing (Zhao et al., 2023; Fu et al., 2023)– +to produce a solution within a dialogue round; ❷ **Inter-dialogue** **communication** : In a specific +manner—whether by summarizing (Chan et al., 2023; Shen et al., 2024), replicating (Yin et al., +2023; Du et al., 2023b), or filtering (Liu et al., 2023b)—the content of the current dialogue is passed +to the next round of interaction as a reference, initiating a new cycle of collaborative efforts. + + +To better illustrate the power of agent communication, Figure 2 ( _Left_ ) compares the performance of +a single gpt-3.5-turbo with three agents equipped with different inter/intra-dialogue communication structures. The results demonstrate that even the simplest communication framework significantly leads to a notable accuracy improvement, which vividly showcases the social intelligence +and collaborative capabilities of LLMs (Mei et al., 2024). However, the success of multi-agents +comes at the cost of significantly increased token consumption, imposing substantial economic burdens (Wang et al., 2024a), which are detrimental to the widespread application of multi-agent systems, as deployment on edge devices does not accommodate excessively costly inference (Liu et al., +2023a). A piece of empirical evidence is in Figure 2 ( _Middle_ ), where various communication methods result in a 2 _∼_ 11 _._ 8 _×_ increase in token consumption compared to the simple chain structure, +severely undermining the **token economy** of existing multi-agent systems. + + +In the light of this limitation, we _for the first time_ identify a significant phenomenon of _Communica-_ +_tion Redundancy_ (Meyer et al., 2021) within existing LLM-based multi-agent (LLM-MA) communication topologies, where a substantial portion of message passing does not contribute meaningfully +to the collaborative intelligence. With this finding, we introduce _an economical and versatile com-_ +_munication pruning framework for LLM-powered multi-agent systems_, dubbed **`AgentPrune`**, which +can be smoothly incorporated within various existing LLM-MA systems, offering comparable reasoning and planning performance as well as significantly lower token consumption. Practically, +**`AgentPrune`** treats the entire LLM-MA framework as a spatial-temporal communication graph, in +which each agent, along with its unique properties ( _e.g._, profile (Li et al., 2023a), external API +tools (Zhuang et al., 2023), or knowledge base (Chen et al., 2024a)), is packaged as a node, communication between agents within the same dialogue forms spatial edges, and communication across + + +2 + + +AgentPrune + + +dialogues forms temporal edges. By training a low-rank-principle-guided graph mask, **`AgentPrune`** +efficiently identifies the important graph connectivities ( _i.e._, message passing through edges). This +comes with a one-shot pruning to derive a sparse yet informative communication graph (in Figure 2 +( _Right_ )), which is then fixed as the communication topology for subsequent token-economic and +efficient reasoning. Our contributions can be summarized as follows: +❶ _**System Discovery.**_ We present a spatial-temporal graph paradigm to describe the communication +topology of contemporary LLM-MA frameworks, and further identify and define the _Communi-_ +_cation Redundancy_ issue in current systems, wherein a significant portion of spatial and temporal +edges, _i.e._, communication, does not contribute to collaborative intelligence. + +❷ _**Pratical Solution.**_ We propose **`AgentPrune`**, an economical, simple, and robust multi-agent communication pruning pipeline. By leveraging a trainable communication graph mask, **`AgentPrune`** +identifies key message exchanges and prunes non-essential components in a one-shot manner, resulting in a sparse, token-economical, and highly informative communication graph. Notably, +**`AgentPrune`** employs a low-rank principle to guide the graph mask training, successfully robustifying LLM-MA systems against various agent-targeted adversarial attacks. + +❸ _**Experimental**_ _**Validation.**_ Extensive experiments on six benchmarks show that **`AgentPrune`** is: +**(1) high-performing**, achieving comparable performance on MMLU at $5 _._ 6 cost, to that of stateof-the-art communication topologies at $43 _._ 7; **(2) token-economical**, integrating seamlessly into +popular multi-agent frameworks including AutoGen and GPTSwarm, reducing their token cost by +28 _._ 1% _∼_ 72 _._ 8% _↓_ ; and **(3)** **adversarially** **robust**, successfully defending against two types of +agent adversarial attacks, with a 3 _._ 5% _∼_ 10 _._ 8% _↑_ performance improvement. + + +2 LLM-MA AS SPATIAL-TEMPORAL GRAPHS + + +**Notations** We describe the whole multi-agent system as a graph _G_ = ( _V, E_ ), with _V_ = +_{v_ 1 _, v_ 2 _, · · ·_ _, v|V|}_ being the node set and _E_ being the edge set. Each node _vi_ _∈V_ represents an +agent, which can be further interpreted as follows: +_vi_ = _{_ Base _i,_ Role _i,_ State _i,_ Plugins _i},_ Plugins _i_ = _{_ F _j,_ C _j}_ _[P]_ _j_ =1 _[,]_ (1) +where an agent _vi_ consists of: (1) Base _i_, the language model instance used by _vi_ ; (2) Role _i_, the +pre-defined role or responsibility of the agent; (3) State _i_, the state of the agent, encapsulating +the accumulated knowledge and experience from previous interactions; (4) Plugins _i_, a set of _P_ +external plugins available to agent _vi_, where each plugin is defined by its functionalities F _j_ ( _e.g._, +web search, python compiler) and configurations C _j_ . +For the edges, we divide them into two subsets: **intra-dialogue (spatial) edges** _E_ _[S]_ _⊆V_ [(] _[t]_ [)] _×V_ [(] _[t]_ [)] and +**inter-dialogue (temporal) edges** _E_ _[T]_ _⊆V_ [(] _[t][−]_ [1)] _× V_ [(] _[t]_ [)] . For each spatial edge _e_ _[S]_ _ij_ [=] [(] **[M]** _[ij][,]_ **[ O]** _[ij]_ [)][, it] +represents the information flow from agent _vi_ to agent _vj within the same utterance_, composed of the +message content **M** _ij_, as well as the associated operation **O** _ij_ ( _e.g._, task assignments, requests). For +each temporal edge _e_ _[T]_ _ij_ [, it denotes the message passing] _[ between two utterance rounds]_ [,] _[ i.e.]_ [, whether] +the output from agent _vi_ in the ( _t −_ 1)-th round should be passed on to agent _vj_ in the _t_ -th round. +Further, we define the temporal/spatial (in-)neighbors for each agent as follows: +_N_ _[T]_ ( _vi_ ) = _{vj_ _|_ ( _j, i_ ) _∈E_ _[T]_ _},_ _N_ _[S]_ ( _vi_ ) = _{vj_ _|_ ( _j, i_ ) _∈E_ _[S]_ _}._ (2) + +**Multi-agent Communication** We provide a graph-based description of the reasoning process in +task-oriented multi-agent systems. Given a query/task _q_, it is sequentially fed to each agent, which +produces its output. To maintain an orderly sequence of agent interactions, we utilize topological +ordering (Bondy et al., 1976) to ensure that each node is processed only after all its dependencies +have been addressed. This necessitates that the spatial communication graph _G_ _[S]_ = ( _V, E_ _[S]_ ) be +structured as a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Formally, for _G_ _[S]_, the following condition holds: +_∀_ ( _vi, vj_ ) _,_ I( _vi_ ) _<_ I( _eij_ ) _<_ I( _vj_ ) _,_ (3) + +where I( _x_ ) denotes the execution order of _x_ . For each agent _vi_ [(] _[t]_ [)] at round _t_, it produces its rationale +or answers, uniformly denoted as **M** _i_, as follows: + + + +spatial + +- _∪vj ∈N S_ �� ( _vi_ **M** ) _ji_ + + +temporal + +- _∪vj ∈N T_ �� ( _vi_ **M** ) - _j,_ + + + + + + + +**M** [(] _i_ _[t]_ [)] _∼Pθ_ + + + + + +**M** _i_ _| q,_ Role [(] _i_ _[t]_ [)] _[,]_ [State][(] _i_ _[t]_ [)] _[,]_ + + + +_,_ (4) + + + +where agent _vi_ responds based on the query _q_, its current role and state, temporal and spatial messages, and certain prompting instruction _Pθ_ . Typically, after _K_ rounds of dialogue, a summarizer +agent or an answer aggregation mechanism ( _e.g._, voting) is employed to produce the final solution +_a_ [(] _[K]_ [)] for the given query _q_ . We conclude the general pipeline in Algorithm 1. + + +3 + + +AgentPrune + + +**Algorithm 1:** Execution pipeline of LLM-MA systems from spatial-temporal graph perspective + +**Input:** Query _q_, Communication graph _G_ = _{G_ _[S]_ _, G_ _[T]_ _}_, Maximum number of iterations _N_ + +**1** **for** iteration _t ←_ 1 **to** _N_ **do** + +**2** **if** MeetEndCondition() **then** + +**3** break `//` `Extra` `stopping` `criteria` `like` `agent` `consensus` + +**4** **end** + + + +**5** **for** _vi_ in TopologicalSort( _V_ ) **do** + + + +**6** _**m**_ _[T]_ _←{_ **M** _j_ _| vj_ _∈N_ _[T]_ ( _vi_ ) _}_ `//` `Messages` `from` `temporal` `in-neighbors` + + + +**7** _**m**_ _[S]_ _←{_ **M** _ij_ _| vj_ _∈N_ _[S]_ ( _vi_ ) _}_ `//` `Messages` `from` `spatial` `in-neighbors` + + + +**8** **M** [(] _i_ _[t]_ [)] _∼Pθ_ ( **M** _i_ _| q,_ Role [(] _i_ _[t]_ [)] _[,]_ [ State] _i_ [(] _[t]_ [)] _[,]_ _**[ m]**_ _[T][,]_ _**[ m]**_ _[S]_ [)] `[ //]` `[Generate]` `[rationale]` `[or]` `[answer]` + +**9** **end** + +**10** _a_ [(] _[t]_ [)] _←_ AggregateSolution( **M** [(] 1 _[t]_ [)] _[,]_ **[ M]** 2 [(] _[t]_ [)] _[,][ · · ·]_ _[,]_ **[ M]** [(] _|V|_ _[t]_ [)] [)] `[ //]` `[Depending]` `[on]` `[the]` `[specific]` +`system,` `possible` `implementations` `of` AggregateSolution `include` `(but` `are` +``` + not limited to) majority voting or using the output of a summarizer agent. +``` + +**11** **end** + +**12** **return** _a_ [(] _[t]_ [)] as the final solution + + + +we explore and define the _communication_ +_redundancy_ issue within existing multiagent communication pipelines. Specifically, we examine two representative communication topologies: (1) for _spatial_ +_communication_, the fully-connected mesh +graph from MacNet (Qian et al., 2024), +which exemplifies a densely structured +intra-utterance communication, and (2) +for _temporal_ _communication_, the LLM- **Figure 3:** The performance of mesh graph and LLM-Debate + +structure under different random pruning ratios on MMLU. + +Debate (Du et al., 2023b), where at the +start of each dialogue round, an agent receives all responses from the previous round as input. Using four gpt-3.5-turbo as agents, we assess system performance on MMLU after randomly +pruning a certain proportion of connections. As illustrated in Figure 3, when randomly removing +10% _∼_ 30% of the communication connectivity, the performance actually gains up to 2 _._ 83% improvement. This suggests that, in both spatial and temporal information flow, a substantial portion +of messages does not contribute to the task-solving process, which we formally define as follows: + + +**Definition 1** (Communication Redundancy) **.** _For any LLM-based multi-agent communication graph_ +_G_ = ( _V, E_ _[S]_ _∪E_ _[T]_ ) _, the following condition holds:_ + + +_∃G_ _[sub]_ = ( _V, E_ _[′]_ _∪E_ _[′′]_ ) _⊆G,_ where _E_ _[′]_ _⊆E_ _[S]_ _,_ _E_ _[′′]_ _⊆E_ _[T]_ _,_ s _._ t _._ _ϕ_ ( _G_ _[sub]_ ) _≥_ _ϕ_ ( _G_ ) _,_ (5) + + +_where_ _ϕ_ ( _·_ ) _represents_ _a_ _utility_ _function_ _that_ _measures_ _the_ _solution_ _quality_ _achieved_ _by_ _the_ _system._ +_The redundant components in the communication topology, denoted as_ ( _E_ _[st]_ _\ E_ _[′]_ ) _∪_ ( _E_ _[tp]_ _\ E_ _[′′]_ ) _, are_ +_referred to as the communication redundancy in LLM-MA systems._ + + +We further outline the objective of this study as follows: + + +arg max _E_ _′,E_ _′′_ _G \ G_ [sub] _,_ s.t. _|ϕ_ ( _G_ [sub] ) _−_ _ϕ_ ( _G_ ) _| ≤_ _ϵ,_ (6) + + +where _ϵ_ represents the allowable threshold for performance variation. Equation (6) aims to minimize +communication redundancy with performance guarantee. + + +3 METHODOLOGY + + +Figure 4 illustrates how our method is applied within an LLM-MA system. Specifically, given an +input query, **`AgentPrune`** first performs _spatial pruning_ by eliminating redundant spatial messages +within a dialogue round, followed by _temporal_ _pruning_ to discard unnecessary dialogue history. +In the following sections, we will first explain how **`AgentPrune`** facilitates efficient multi-round +communication based on an optimizable spatial-temporal communication graph (▷ Sections 3.1 +and 3.2), leverages one-shot pruning to derive a sparse interaction topology (▷ Section 3.3), and +finally, detail the optimization paradigm for the entire framework (▷ Section 3.4). + + +4 + + + + + +**Figure 3:** The performance of mesh graph and LLM-Debate +structure under different random pruning ratios on MMLU. + + +AgentPrune + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +**Figure 4:** The overview of our proposed **`AgentPrune`** . + + +3.1 SPATIAL-TEMPORAL GRAPH COMMUNICATION + + +Given an arbitrary LLM-MA system and its corresponding spatial-temporal communication graph +_G_, the task of **`AgentPrune`** is to discover its sparse yet equally high-performing counterpart _G_ [sub] . +The objective is essentially a graph sparsification problem (Spielman & Srivastava, 2008; Chen et al., +2023b), whose goal is to identify the essential graph connections and discard the less critical ones. +To achieve this, following classical practices in graph sparsification (Chen et al., 2021b; Wang et al., +2023a; Zhang et al., 2024a), we relax the original binary communication graph _G_ by transforming +its edge elements from binary values to continuous variables, denoted as _G_ [˜] . We have: + + +**A** ( _G_ ) = _{_ **A** _[S]_ _,_ **A** _[T]_ _},_ **A** ( _G_ [˜] ) = **A** ( _{G_ [˜] _[S]_ _,_ _G_ [˜] _[T]_ _}_ ) = _{_ **A** _[S]_ _⊙_ **S** _[S]_ _,_ **A** _[T]_ _⊙_ **S** _[T]_ _},_ (7) + + +where **A** ( _G_ ) obtains the adjacency matrix of input graph _G_, and **A** _[S]_ _,_ **A** _[T]_ _∈{_ 0 _,_ 1 _}_ _[|V|×|V|]_ represent +the spatial and temporal adjacency matrices, respectively. Specifically, **A** _[x]_ [ _i, j_ ] = 1 indicates that +_eij_ _∈E_ _[x]_, and 0 otherwise. It is important to note that both **A** _[S]_ and **A** _[T]_ are predefined by the +LLM-MA system. **S** _[S]_ _,_ **S** _[T]_ _∈_ R _[|V|×|V|]_ are differentiable graph masks. As mentioned in Section 2, +we require the interaction topology to be a DAG to ensure that agent input/output (I/O) can be +processed sequentially. Therefore, we leverage a DAGSampling function to transform the original +_G_ ˜ _[S]_ into a DAG: _G_ ˆ _[S]_ _←_ DAGSampling( ˜ _G_ _[S]_ ), whose procedure is described in Algorithm 2. + + +3.2 OPTIMIZING SPATIAL-TEMPORAL CONNECTIVITY +With _G_ [ˆ] _[S]_ and _G_ [˜] _[T]_ in hand, we aim to optimize them toward both high-performance and token efficiency. To this end, we introduce two optimization objectives for _G_ [ˆ] _[S]_ and _G_ [˜] _[T]_ : ❶ _distribution_ +_approximation_, ensuring accurate estimation of their underlying probability distributions, and ❷ +_low-rank sparsity_, which promotes a more efficient and sparse structure (Li et al., 2024). The first +objective ensures that the magnitudes of the graph masks correctly reflect the importance of different +communication channels, facilitating subsequent redundancy pruning, and the second ensures that +the learned connectivity remains sparse and robust. Formally, we define the following objective: + + + +_._ - _||_ **A** _[X]_ _−_ **S** _[X]_ _||F_ _≤_ _δ,_ (8) + + +_X∈{S,T }_ + + + +arg max +**S** _[S]_ _,_ **S** _[T]_ _∈_ S + + + +distribution approximation + +- �� + - - �� +E _G_ ˆ _S_ _,GT ∼_ G _ϕ_ _{G_ [ˆ] _[S]_ _,_ _G_ [˜] _[T]_ _}_ _−_ + + + +low-rank sparsity + +- �� + - _[X]_ + + + + + - rank( **S** _[X]_ ) _,_ s _._ t _._ + +_X∈{S,T }_ _X∈{S,_ + + + +5 + + +AgentPrune + + +where S and G represent the viable parameter space, _ϕ_ ( _·_ ) serves as the utility evaluator for the input +multi-agent framework, rank( _·_ ) calculates the rank of matrix, and _δ_ is the noise level. Next, we will +provide a detailed explanation of the implementation of these two optimization objectives. + + +**Distribution** **Approximation** The first term in Equation (8) encourages _{_ **S** _[S]_ _,_ **S** _[T]_ _}_ towards the +maximization of the system’s utility. However, since _ϕ_ ( _·_ ) often depends on external APIs (Li et al., +2023b) or compilers (Chen et al., 2021a) for evaluation, it is generally non-differentiable. Therefore, +we employ policy gradient (Williams, 1992) to make Equation (8) tractable: + + + + + - - �� +_∇_ **S** E _G_ ˆ _S_ _,_ ˜ _GT ∼_ G _ϕ_ _{G_ [ˆ] _[S]_ _,_ _G_ [˜] _[T]_ _}_ _≈_ [1] + +_M_ + + + +_M_ + +- _ϕ_ - _{G_ [ˆ] _k_ _[S]_ _[,]_ _[G]_ [˜] _k_ _[T]_ _[}]_ - _∇_ **S** log - _p_ **S** ( _{G_ [ˆ] _k_ _[S]_ _[,]_ _[G]_ [˜] _k_ _[T]_ _[}]_ [)] - _,_ (9) + +_k_ =1 + + + + + - - �� - �� _p_ **S** _{G_ [ˆ] _k_ _[S]_ _[,]_ _[G]_ [˜] _k_ _[T]_ _[}]_ = 1 _eij_ _∈E_ _S_ **S** _[S]_ [ _i, j_ ] _·_ 1 _eij_ _∈E_ _T_ **S** _[T]_ [ _i, j_ ] (10) + + +where **S** = _{_ **S** _[S]_ _,_ **S** _[T]_ _}_, _{G_ [ˆ] _[S]_ _,_ _G_ [˜] _[T]_ _}_ _[M]_ _k_ =1 [are] [independently] [sampled] [from] _[{][G]_ [ ˆ] _[S]_ _[,]_ _[G]_ [˜] _[T][ }]_ [,] _[p]_ **[S]** [(] _[{]_ [ ˆ] _[G]_ _k_ _[S]_ _[,]_ _[G]_ [˜] _k_ _[T]_ _[}]_ [)] +calculates the probability of the sampled structure, and 1 ( _·_ ) is an indicator function. + + +**Low-rank Sparsity** The second term in Equation (8) promotes the graph masks _{_ **S** _[S]_ _,_ **S** _[T]_ _}_ to be +low-rank, which not only filters out informative agent communications but also aids in removing +redundant, noisy, and even malicious messages, which has been demonstrated in recent studies, +showing that low-rank graphs are more robust to network attacks (Entezari et al., 2020; Ennadir +et al., 2024). We will empirically validate **`AgentPrune`** ’s ability to enhance multi-agent robustness +in Section 4.4. However, directly optimizing the rank minimization is NP-hard, so we replace the +rank function with the nuclear norm as an alternative, reformulating this term as follows: + + + + + + + +arg min +**S** _[S]_ _,_ **S** _[T]_ _∈_ S + + + +_X∈{S,T }_ _[||]_ **[S]** _[X][ ||][∗][,]_ [s] _[.]_ [ t] _[.][ ||]_ **[A]** _[X]_ _[−]_ **[S]** _[X][ ||][F]_ _[≤]_ _[δ,]_ (11) + + + +where _||_ **S** _||∗_ = [�] _i_ _[σ][i]_ [,] [and] _[ σ][i]_ [represents the] _[ i]_ [-th singular value of] **[ S]** [.] [Guided by Equation (][8][),] [we] + +iteratively optimize the spatial-temporal connectivity in conjunction with the multi-agent conversation over _K_ _[′]_ rounds, where _K_ _[′]_ _≪_ _K_ . + + +3.3 ONE-SHOT PRUNING + +We dynamically optimize _{_ **S** _[S]_ _,_ **S** _[T]_ _}_ for only _K_ _[′]_ iterations, rather than the full _K_ iterations, because +prior work on Early-bird (EB) and Graph EB has demonstrated that limited training can also construct high-quality benchmarks reflecting the topology distribution (Achille et al., 2018; You et al., +2019; Zhang et al., 2024b), which also aligns with **`AgentPrune`** ’s token-saving initiation. To eliminate redundancy in the current communication structure, we perform one-shot magnitude pruning +on the optimized graph masks **S** (either **S** _[S]_ or **S** _[T]_ ): + + + - - - [�] +**B** = 1 **A** _̸_ = 0 _∧_ TopK **S** _, |_ **A** _| ×_ (1 _−_ _p_ %) _,_ (12) + + +where TopK( _S, x_ %) return the largest _x_ % elements in matrix _S_, and _p_ % is the pruning ratio. By +applying the binary masks to the original topology, we obtain sparse, compact, and communicationminimizing connectivity _G_ [sub], where **A** ( _G_ [sub] ) = _{_ **A** _[S]_ _⊙_ **B** _[S]_ _,_ **A** _[T]_ _⊙_ **B** _[T]_ _}._ In the subsequent ( _K_ _−K_ _[′]_ ) +rounds, the entire framework’s message passing pipeline is strictly constrained by _G_ [sub], and agents +are continuously optimized to refine the solution for query _q_ . + + +3.4 APPLICATION AND ANALYSIS + + +**Algorithm Pipeline** As a plug-and-play module, **`AgentPrune`** can be harmoniously embedded in +mainstream multi-agent frameworks to facilitate token-efficient communication, provided that the +number of agents exceeds three and the communication structure is moderately organized ( _e.g._, chain +or direct-output structures are too simple to be applicable). When combined with **`AgentPrune`**, multiple agents first undergo _K_ _[′]_ rounds of interactions alongside trainable graph masks, which are then +one-shot pruned to yield the sparse _G_ [sub], leveraged for the subsequent ( _K_ _−_ _K_ _[′]_ ) rounds of optimization. We summarize all the notations used in Appendix B and the comprehensive algorithmic +workflow in Appendix C. + +**Multi-Query Training** For complex tasks like repository-level code generation (Qian et al., 2023; +Liu et al., 2024), multi-turn dialogues are often inevitable. However, for simpler tasks that involve a + + +6 + + +AgentPrune + + +**Table 1:** Performance comparison with three types of baselines, including single-agent execution, spatial communication and temporal communication. The best results are highlighted in bold, and the runner-ups are +underlined. All methods, except for the single-agent category, utilize **five** gpt-4-based agents. + +|Method|Spa. Tem.|MMLU GSM8K MultiArith SVAMP AQuA HumanEval Avg.| +|---|---|---| +|Vanilla|%
%|82.14
85.40
93.15
87.18
70.34
71.68
81.65| +|CoT
ComplexCoT
SC (CoT)
SC (ComplexCoT)|%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%|82.65_↑_0_._51
87.17_↑_1_._77
94.79_↑_1_._64
88.32_↑_1_._14 73.91_↑_3_._57
75.52_↑_3_._84
83.73
83.78_↑_1_._64
87.62_↑_2_._22
95.86_↑_2_._71
90.17_↑_2_._99 77.58_↑_7_._24
74.94_↑_3_._26
84.99
82.66_↑_0_._52
87.93_↑_2_._53
96.88_↑_3_._73
88.69_↑_1_._51 75.08_↑_4_._74
77.30_↑_5_._62
84.67
83.65_↑_1_._51
86.14_↓_0_._74
96.94_↑_3_._79
89.72_↑_2_._54 77.69_↑_7_._35
77.94_↑_6_._26
85.35| +|Chain
Star
Tree
Complete Graph
Layered Graph
Random Graph
LLM-Blender
GPTSwarm|!
%
!
%
!
%
!
%
!
%
!
%
!
%
!
%|82.35_↑_0_._21
85.57_↑_0_._17
94.38_↑_1_._23
83.41_↓_3_._77 70.94_↑_0_._60
80.88_↑_9_._20
92.92
80.79_↓_1_._35
85.55_↑_0_._15
93.79_↓_0_._64
88.09_↑_0_._91 68.57_↓_1_._77
75.65_↓_3_._97
82.07
81.89_↓_0_._25
84.56_↓_0_._84
94.60_↑_1_._45
89.25_↑_2_._07 72.84_↑_2_._50
77.38_↑_5_._70
83.42
83.15_↑_1_._01
86.49_↑_1_._09
97.20_↑_4_._05
89.48_↑_2_._30 79.21_↑_8_._87
83.75_↑_12_._07
86.55
78.41_↓_3_._73
85.34_↓_0_._06
95.04_↑_1_._89
88.61_↑_1_._43 73.18_↑_2_._84
80.38_↑_8_._70
83.49
83.76_↑_1_._62
86.14_↑_0_._74
95.46_↑_2_._31
85.41_↓_1_._77 74.07_↑_3_._73
82.66_↑_10_._98
84.58
81.22_↓_0_._92
89.17_↑_3_._77
94.27_↑_1_._12
88.77_↑_1_._59 77.05_↑_6_._71
-
86.10
83.98_↑_1_._84
89.74_↑_4_._34
**97.84**_↑_4_._69
86.42_↓_0_._76 78.16_↑_7_._82
88.49_↑_16_._81
86.77| +|LLM-Debate
PHP
DyLAN|%
!
%
!
%
!|

83.69_↑_1_._55
90.23_↑_4_._83
96.27_↑_3_._12
90.56_↑_3_._38 77.52_↑_7_._18
83.79_↑_12_._11
87.01
83.45_↑_1_._31
92.45_↑_7_._05
96.41_↑_3_._26
90.62_↑_3_._44 76.25_↑_5_._91
82.96_↑_11_._28
87.02
80.16_↓_1_._98
88.16_↑_2_._76
94.27_↑_1_._12
87.40_↑_0_._22 74.16_↑_3_._82
89.70_↑_18_._02
84.48| +|**`AgentPrune`**-C
**`AgentPrune`**-L
**`AgentPrune`**-R|!
!
!
!
!
!|

**84.72**_↑_2_._58 95.62_↑_10_._22
97.25_↑_4_._10
**91.85**_↑_4_._67 **79.47**_↑_9_._13
89.38_↑_15_._70
**89.72**
83.50_↑_1_._36
93.78_↑_8_._38
96.39_↑_3_._24
89.58_↑_2_._40 78.44_↑_8_._10
88.61_↑_16_._93
88.38
83.94_↑_1_._80 **95.83**_↑_10_._43
96.30_↑_3_._15
91.68_↑_4_._50 78.60_↑_8_._26
**90.30**_↑_18_._62
89.44| + + + +large number of queries, such as multiple choice answering (Agashe et al., 2023; Qian et al., 2024), +typically only one or two dialogue rounds are needed, according to previous practices (Yin et al., +2023). Under such circumstances, optimizing the connectivity for each query independently can be +unnecessarily costly. Therefore, we give a _multi-query training paradigm_ for **`AgentPrune`**, which +optimizes and prunes the spatial-temporal topology using merely _Q_ _[′]_ ( _Q_ _[′]_ _≪_ _Q_ ) queries, given a +dataset composed of _Q_ queries. See details in Appendix D. + +**Cost** **Analysis** In this section, we quantify the difference in token consumption between +**`AgentPrune`** and the vanilla pipeline. Given a communication graph _G_ and _K_ dialogue rounds, assuming that the average token count per spatial/temporal/query message is _cS_ _, cT, cq_, respectively, +then the total token consumption of the vanilla system is _CG_ = _K_ - _cS_ _|E_ _[S]_ _|_ + _cT |E_ _[T]_ _|_ + _Cq|V|_ �. The +token consumption after applying **`AgentPrune`** is divided into two stages. The first stage involves +_MK_ _[′]_ [ �] _cS_ _|E_ _[S]_ _|_ + _cT |E_ _[T]_ _|_ + _Cq|V|_ �, while in the second stage, after the topology is fixed, the consumption becomes ( _K_ _−_ _K_ _[′]_ ) �(1 _−_ _p_ %) _·_ - _cS_ _|E_ _[S]_ _|_ + _cT |E_ _[T]_ _|_ - + _Cq|V|_ �. Therefore, the total token +savings ∆ achieved by **`AgentPrune`** can be expressed as: + + - ∆= (1 + _p_ %) _K −_ ( _M_ + _p_ %) _K_ _[′]_ [��] _cS_ _|E_ _[S]_ _|_ + _cT |E_ _[T]_ _|_ +(1 _−_ _M_ ) _K_ _[′]_ _Cq|V|._ (13) + + +We present the cost analysis of **`AgentPrune`** in multi-query training in Appendix E. We will empirically evaluate the substantial token savings gained by **`AgentPrune`** in Section 4.2. + + +4 EXPERIMENTS + + +In this section, we conduct extensive experiments to answer the following research questions: ( **RQ1** ) +How does **`AgentPrune`** perform with respect to task completion and token efficiency? ( **RQ2** ) Can +**`AgentPrune`** reduce the economical cost of existing multi-agent systems without compromising +performance? ( **RQ3** ) Is **`AgentPrune`** effective in defending against adversarial attacks on agents? +( **RQ4** ) How sensitive is **`AgentPrune`** to its key components or parameters? + + +4.1 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP + + +**Tasks** **and** **Benchmarks** In our experiments, we test the performance of **`AgentPrune`** on three +types of reasoning tasks and the corresponding logically challenging benchmarks: **(1)** **General** +**Reasoning** : We opt for MMLU (Hendrycks et al., 2021) dataset; **(2) Mathematical Reasoning** : We +select GSM8K (Cobbe et al., 2021), MultiArith (Roy & Roth, 2016), SVAMP (Patel et al., 2021) +and AQuA (Ling et al., 2017) to verify the mathematical reasoning capacity; **(3) Code Generation** : +We use the HumanEval (Chen et al., 2021a) to test the function-level code generation ability. + + +7 + + +AgentPrune + + + +**Figure 5: Visualization of performance and prompt token consumption.** This scatter plot illustrates the performance metrics and **prompt token consumption** of different multi-agent communication topologies across +MMLU, HumanEval, and GSM8K. The diameter of each point is proportional to its y-axis value. + + +**Baselines** We compare **`AgentPrune`** with three series of multi-agent communication paradigms, +namely: **(1)** **Single** **agent** **execution** **methods**, including Chain-of-Thought prompting (CoT; Wei +et al. (2022)), (2) Complexity-based prompting (ComplexCoT; Fu et al. (2022)), and (3) SelfConsistency (SC; Wang et al. (2023b)); **(2)** **Spatial** **communication** **methods**, including chain, +tree, star, complete graph, layered graph and random graph [1] from MacNet (Qian et al., 2024), LLMBlender (Jiang et al., 2023), and GPTSwarm (Zhuge et al., 2024); **(3)** **Temporal** **communication** +**methods**, including PHP (Zheng et al., 2023), LLM-Debate (Du et al., 2023b), DyLAN (Liu et al., +2023b). Detailed introductions and implementations of the baselines are in Appendix G.1. + +**Implementation** **Details** We accessed the GPT models via the OpenAI API, and mainly tested +gpt-3.5-turbo-0301 (gpt-3.5) and gpt-4-1106-preview (gpt-4) with different +communication topologies. We set the temperature at 1 during the generation. We set the dialogue round _K_ = 2 for mathematical and general reasoning tasks, and _K_ = 4 for code generation +tasks. For multi-query settings, we vary _Q_ _[′]_ _∈{_ 5 _,_ 10 _}_ . We generate different agent profiles using +gpt-4 for individual agents. More experimental details are in Appendix G. + + +4.2 PERFORMANCE & COST COMPARISON (RQ1) + + +To evaluate whether **`AgentPrune`** achieves a dual **Table** **2:** **Performance** **on** **the** **HumanEval** +benefit of token savings and task completion, we **Benckmark** with more advanced baselines. + +nication topologies: the complete graph, layered +graph, and random graph, denoted as **`AgentPrune`** C, **`AgentPrune`** -L, and **`AgentPrune`** -R, respectively. For the temporal communication topology, +we consistently employ the fully connected LLMDebate-style structure. Tables 1 and 2 presents +a performance comparison of various communication paradigms within _five_ gpt-4-based multi-agent +systems, and Figures 5 and 17 to 19 visualizes the +performance and token cost of different methods. + +|Method|Pass@1 ∆| +|---|---| +|Vanilla
AutoGen [2023]
Refexion [2023]
CodeT+Parsel [2023a]
MetaGPT [2023]
ANPL [2024]|71.68
-
85.41
_↑_11.97
91.40
_↑_19.72
85.10
_↑_13.42
85.90
_↑_14.22
86.60
_↑_14.92| +|**`AgentPrune`**-C
**`AgentPrune`**-R|89.38
_↑_17.70
90.30
_↑_18.62| + +Our observations (Obs.) are as follows: **Obs.** ❶ **Not all multi-agent topologies consistently deliver** +**collective** **intelligence.** As illustrated in Table 1, certain topologies, such as star/tree structures, +fail to consistently improve performance for multi-agent systems, even resulting in performance +drops of 0 _._ 17% _∼_ 3 _._ 97%. In contrast, single-agent prompting methods like CoT or ComplexCoT +demonstrate much more stable and significant improvements. **Obs.** ❷ **The** **high** **performance** **of** +**existing** **multi-agent** **systems** **comes** **at** **a** **substantial** **economical** **cost.** From Table 1, we observe that the top-performing baselines, GPTSwarm and DyLAN, achieve _pass@1_ improvements of +16 _._ 81% and 18 _._ 02% on HumanEval, respectively; however, this is accompanied by extremely high +economic costs. As shown in Figure 5, the prompt token consumption of GPTSwarm and DyLAN +is 2 _._ 4 _∼_ 5 _._ 3 _×_ that of the random graph structure. **Obs.** ❸ **`AgentPrune`** **achieves** **a** **double** **win** +**in** **economic** **savings** **and** **utility.** Among the three variants, **`AgentPrune`** -R delivers consistently +impressive performance, achieving 90 _._ 3% on HumanEval and 95 _._ 8% on GSM8K. Importantly, this +performance does not come at a high token cost: on both HumanEval and GSM8K, the token consumption of **`AgentPrune`** is less than 40% that of DyLAN. Overall, **`AgentPrune`** excels in both task +completion and token effciency. + + + +**Table** **2:** **Performance** **on** **the** **HumanEval** +**Benckmark** with more advanced baselines. + + + + + +1Detailed explanations of these topologies are placed in Appendix F. + + +8 + + +AgentPrune + + +**Table** **3:** **Performance** **and** **cost** **comparison** **before/after** **combining** **`AgentPrune`** **.** We evaluated the performance and economical cost of **`AgentPrune`** in conjunction with two classic multi-agent systems, under a +**five** gpt-4-based setting. “# Prompt tokens” refers to the total number of tokens input, while “# Completion +tokens” accounts for the total number of tokens output by the API. + +|Dataset Method|Performance # Prompt Tokens # Completion Tokens Cost (USD)| +|---|---| +|MMLU
AutoGen
+**`AgentPrune`**|82_._13
486_,_ 034
89_,_ 224
$7_._537
82_._78(_↑_0_._65)
349_,_ 583(71_._9%)
86_,_ 582
$6_._093| +|AutoGen
HumanEval
+**`AgentPrune`**|85_._41
492_,_ 273
130_,_ 196
$8_._828
86_._65(_↑_1_._24)
315_,_ 105(64_._0%)
139_,_ 714
$7_._342| +|AutoGen
GSM8K
+**`AgentPrune`**|90_._06
4_,_ 327_,_ 740
998_,_ 042
$73_._21
92_._85(_↑_2_._79)
3_,_ 791_,_ 251(59_._9%)
1_,_ 156_,_ 884
$59_._60| +|GPTSwarm
MMLU
+**`AgentPrune`**|83_._98
3_,_ 055_,_ 230
569_,_ 124
$47_._60
83_._05(_↓_0_._93)
990_,_ 312(32_._4%)
439_,_ 551
$23_._05| +|GPTSwarm
HumanEval
+**`AgentPrune`**|84_._49
2_,_ 736_,_ 136
1_,_ 004_,_ 616
$57_._49
84_._96(_↑_0_._47)
745_,_ 617(27_._2%)
745_,_ 926
$29_._80| +|GPTSwarm
GSM8K
+**`AgentPrune`**|89_._74
14_,_ 005_,_ 945
3_,_ 156_,_ 916
$234_._76
90_._58(_↑_0_._84)
3_,_ 526_,_ 035(39_._4%)
730_,_ 552
$57_._17| + + + +**Figure** **6:** **Performance** **under** **adversarial** **attack.** We compare the accuracy (%) of various multi-agent +frameworks before and after _prompt attacks_ on MMLU. “w/ AP” indicates the integration with **`AgentPrune`** . + + +4.3 PLUG-IN INTO EXISTING FRAMEWORKS (RQ2) + + +As a plug-in, **`AgentPrune`** can be seamlessly combined with mainstream multi-agent pipelines, effectively reducing the economic costs associated with LLM token throughput while maintaining the +original performance levels. To validate our argument, we combined **`AgentPrune`** with two representative LLM-MA frameworks, AutoGen and GPTSwarm. With the results presented in Table 3 +and Table 5, we offer the following two key observations: **Obs.** ❹ **Scaling multi-agent collabora-** +**tion is costly.** Comparing Table 3 and Table 5, we observe that for the GPTSwarm on the GSM8K +dataset, optimizing a three-agent system incurs a cost of $97 _._ 23, while the expense for a five-agent +system skyrockets to $234 _._ 76, with the total token count reaching 1 _._ 7 _e_ + 7. AutoGen, on the other +hand, has relatively lower costs because it does not involve the iterative optimization of the communication topology as extensively as GPTSwarm (Zhuge et al., 2024). Nevertheless, it still requires +$73.21 on the GSM8K benchmark, which comprises up to 8.5K data entries. **Obs.** ❺ **`AgentPrune`** **is** +**an economically friendly assistant.** When applied to HumanEval+AutoGen, **`AgentPrune`** achieves +a 36% reduction in prompt tokens and saves $1 _._ 486. In tasks with larger datasets, the economic savings become even more pronounced: on GSM8K+GPTSwarm, **`AgentPrune`** reduces 60 _._ 6% of the +prompt token consumptions and saves a cost of up to $177 _._ 58, with even a performance increase of +0 _._ 84%. Overall, **`AgentPrune`** serves as a token-efficient plug-in, effectively fostering the development of larger and more cost-effective multi-agent systems. + + +4.4 ROBUSTNESS VERIFICATION (RQ3) + + +**`AgentPrune`** can not only eliminate _unnecessary_ communications but also remove _malicious_ messages. To validate this, we design two types of adversarial attacks for the multi-agent frameworks: +the **agent** **prompt** **attack** and **agent** **replacement** **attack** . The former attacks the role prompts +of the agents, while the latter attacks the LLM’s generation process, with detailed implementation +elaborated in Appendix G.3. We observe that: **Obs.** ❻ **Existing LLM-MA frameworks often lack** +**adversarial robustness.** Despite variations in performance, most frameworks experience significant +declines when subjected to both types of attacks. As shown in Figures 6 and 20, the chain-like structure suffers a performance drop of up to 20 _._ 8% due to its oversimplistic topology. AutoGen and DyLAN similarly experience accuracy declines ranging from 3 _._ 2% to 6 _._ 2%. **Obs.** ❼ **`AgentPrune`** **sig-** +**nificantly enhances multi-agent robustness.** Figure 6 demonstrates that combining **`AgentPrune`** + + +9 + + +AgentPrune + + +with a complete graph not only improves performance (83 _._ 1% _→_ 84 _._ 7%), but also increases robustness under agent prompt attacks (78 _._ 4% _→_ 83 _._ 9%). Additionally, **`AgentPrune`** successfully boosts +the robustness of DyLAN and AutoGen by up to 6 _._ 3%. The impact of **`AgentPrune`** on GPTSwarm +is relatively marginal, due to its inherent defenses against adversarial agents. Overall, **`AgentPrune`** +serves as an easy-to-use enhancer for multi-agent robustness. + + +4.5 EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS + +**Ablation** **Study** We ablate agent profiling and low-rank regularization in **`AgentPrune`**, with details presented in Table 6 and Appendix H.4.1. Our key finding is that (1) the utility of agent profiling +varies across different datasets, demonstrating a more pronounced effect on general reasoning and +code generation tasks, while being relatively less significant in math reasoning; (2) low-rank sparsity +consistently facilitates the optimization of the communication topology. +**Sensitivity** **Analysis** _**and**_ **Case** **Study** We present the parameter sensitivity analysis concerning +two hyperparameters in Appendix H.4.2, and provide extensive visualizations on **`AgentPrune`** ’s +pruning process and optimized communication structure in Appendix I. + + +5 RELATED WORK + + +**LLM-agent Collaboration** Collaboration between multiple LLM-based agents has emerged as a +promising approach to enhance the capabilities of individual LLMs (Du et al., 2023b; Liang et al., +2023; Wang et al., 2023c). As stated in Section 1, current multi-agent communication methods +can be categorized into two types: ❶ **Intra-dialogue** **(spatial)** **communication** focuses on how +different agents exchange messages within a single dialogue round. Common structures include +(1) _Direct_ _output_, where functioning agents do not communicate with each other, adopted by systems like LATM (Zhang et al., 2023a), LLM-Debate (Du et al., 2023b); (2) _Chain_, employed by +ChatDev (Qian et al., 2023), MetaGPT (Hong et al., 2023) and L2MAC (Holt et al., 2024); (3) _Tree_, +where an administrative agent (usually refered to as commander, manager, _etc_ .) controls subordinate +agents, adopted by AutoGen (Wu et al., 2023), SecurityBot (Yan et al., 2024), and MiniGrid (Zhou +et al., 2023); and (4) _Graph,_ employed by LLM-Blender (Jiang et al., 2023), ChatEval (Chan et al., +2023), MacNet (Qian et al., 2024) and GPTSwarm (Zhuge et al., 2024); ❷ **Inter-dialogue (tempo-** +**ral) communication** focuses on how information is passed between different rounds of utterances. +Common topologies include (1) _Full transmission_, where every agent receives the utterances of all +agents from the previous round, as used by LLM-Debate (Du et al., 2023b); (2) _Partial transmission_, +where some responses are filtered through scoring or rating mechanisms, adopted by PHP (Zheng +et al., 2023) and DyLAN (Liu et al., 2023b); (3) _Summarization_, where dialogue history is compressed and summarized for the next round of communication, as seen in Reflexion (Shinn et al., +2023), ICL-AIF (Fu et al., 2023), AgentVerse (Chen et al., 2023a), CoMM (Chen et al., 2024b), +Corex (Sun et al., 2023), and MAD (Liang et al., 2023). + +**Agents as Graphs** Learning to facilitate communication via learning graph connectivity is a longstanding and viable approach to enhance multi-agent cooperation (Pesce & Montana, 2023; Hu +et al., 2024). In the pre-LLM era, numerous efforts explored optimal communication graph structures for reinforcement learning-based multi-agents with graph diffusion (Pesce & Montana, 2023), +weighted GNN (Liu et al., 2022), or transformers (Hu et al., 2024). In the emerging wave of LLMpowered agents, attempts that leverage graphs for modeling agent-agent interaction also exist: ChatEval (Chan et al., 2023) and AutoGen (Wu et al., 2023) implicitly adopt graph structures to describe ”simultaneous talk”, and STOP (Zelikman et al., 2023b) and DSPy (Khattab et al., 2023) +optimize both the prompts and the inference structure together. MacNet (Qian et al., 2024) and +GPTSwarm (Zhuge et al., 2024) model agent communication via directed acyclic graphs (DAG). +However, none of these approaches simultaneously optimize both intra- and inter-dialogue communication structures, and they often result in even increased token consumption. + + +6 CONCLUSION + +This paper makes the first attempt towards a high-performance and token-efficient LLM-powered +multi-agent system. We propose an economical, simple, and robust multi-agent communication +pipeline, termed **`AgentPrune`**, which can be harmoniously embedded into mainstream multi-agent +frameworks while effectively pruning the _communication_ _redundancy_ that we have identified and +defined. **`AgentPrune`** achieves performance comparable to, or even superior to, the original systems +with significantly smaller token throughput and economic costs. 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In _Forty-first_ _International_ +_Conference on Machine Learning_, 2024. + + +A DAG SAMPLING FUNCTION + + +**Algorithm 2:** Sample DAG from spatial communication graph + +**Input:** Spatial communication graph _G_ _[S]_ = _{V, E_ _[S]_ _}_ +**Output:** A directed acyclic graph _G_ [ˆ] _[S]_ +_G_ ˆ _←G_ _[S]_ `//` `Create` `a` `copy` `of` _G_ _[S]_ + +**while** not is ~~a~~ cyclic ( _G_ [ˆ] ) **do** +``` + /* Use DFS to locate cycle */ +``` + +cycle _←_ find ~~c~~ ycle ( _G_ [ˆ] ) +e _←_ random ~~c~~ hoice (cycle) `//` `Randomly` `select` `an` `edge` `from` `the` `cycle` + +_G_ ˆ _←_ _G_ ˆ _._ remove ~~e~~ dge (e) `//` `Remove` `the` `selected` `edge` `from` _G_ _[′]_ + +**return** _G_ [ˆ] _[S]_ _←_ _G_ [ˆ] + + +B NOTATIONS + + +We conclude the commonly used notations in Table 4 for reference. + + +C ALGORITHM WORKFLOW + + +We conclude the overall algorithm workflow of **`AgentPrune`** in algorithm 3. + + +D MULTI-QUERY TRAINING OF **`AgentPrune`** + + +For complex tasks such as repository-level code generation (Qian et al., 2023), multi-turn dialogues +( _K_ _>_ 5) are often essential. In such cases, utilizing _K_ _[′]_ _∈{_ 1 _,_ 2 _}_ rounds to optimize the topology +and subsequently continue the dialogue for _K_ _−_ _K_ _[′]_ rounds is reasonable. However, for simpler +tasks that involve numerous queries, such as multiple-choice answering (Agashe et al., 2023) or + + +16 + + +AgentPrune + + +**Table 4:** The notations that are commonly used throughout the manuscript. + + +**Notation** **Defnition** +_G_ = ( _V, E_ ) = _{G_ _[S]_ _, G_ _[T]_ _}_ the spatial-temporal communication graph +_V_ = _{v_ 1 _, v_ 2 _, · · ·_ _, v|V|}_ the set of nodes (agents) +_E_ = _E_ _[S]_ _∪E_ _[T]_ the overall edge set +_E_ _[S]_ _⊆V_ [(] _[t]_ [)] _× V_ [(] _[t]_ [)] the spatial edge set +_E_ _[T]_ _⊆V_ [(] _[t][−]_ [1)] _× V_ [(] _[t]_ [)] the temporal edge set +Base _i_ the LLM base utilized by agent _vi_ +Role _i_ the predefined responsibilities or roles of agent _vi_ +State _i_ the state of agent _vi_ +Plugins _i_ = _{_ F _j,_ C _j}_ _[P]_ _j_ =1 the plugins available to agent _vi_ +_e_ _[S]_ _ij_ [= (] **[M]** _[ij][,]_ **[ O]** _[ij]_ [)] the spatial edge from _vi_ to _vj_ +_e_ _[T]_ _ij_ the temporal edge from _vi_ to _vj_ +_N_ _[T]_ ( _vi_ ) = _{vj_ _|_ ( _j, i_ ) _∈E_ _[T]_ _}_ the temporal (in-)neighbors of _vi_ +_N_ _[S]_ ( _vi_ ) = _{vj_ _|_ ( _j, i_ ) _∈E_ _[S]_ _}_ the spatial (in-)neighbors of _vi_ +**M** [(] _i_ _[t]_ [)] the rationale or answers provided by _vi_ at the _t_ -th epoch +_G_ [sub] = ( _V, E_ _[′]_ _∪E_ _[′′]_ ) the sparsified communication topology +**S** _[S]_ _,_ **S** _[T]_ _∈_ R _[|V|×|V|]_ the spatial and temporal graph masks +**A** _[S]_ _∈{_ 0 _,_ 1 _}_ _[|V|×|V|]_ the predefined spatial communication topology +**A** _[T]_ _∈{_ 0 _,_ 1 _}_ _[|V|×|V|]_ the predefined temporal communication topology +_G_ ˜ _[S]_ the parameterized spatial graph +_G_ ˆ _[S]_ the parameterized spatial graph after DAG sampling +_G_ ˜ _[T]_ the parameterized temporal graph +_ϕ_ ( _·_ ) the utility evaluation function +**B** _[S]_ _∈{_ 0 _,_ 1 _}_ _[|V|×|V|]_ the obtained binary spatial mask +**B** _[T]_ _∈{_ 0 _,_ 1 _}_ _[|V|×|V|]_ the obtained binary temporal mask +_K_ the total number of dialogue rounds +_K_ _[′]_ the dialogue round after which pruning takes place +_Q_ the total number of queries +_Q_ _[′]_ the number of queries after which pruning takes place + + +basic mathematical problems (Cobbe et al., 2021), previous studies (Yin et al., 2023; Qian et al., +2024) suggest that typically only 1 to 2 dialogue rounds are needed. In this context, prior dialoguelevel optimization is no longer applicable. To better adapt **`AgentPrune`** to such circumstances, we +propose a query-level optimization paradigm for **`AgentPrune`** . + + +Given a benchmark consisting of _Q_ queries, any LLM-MA framework processes these _Q_ queries sequentially to provide solutions one by one. We utilize the initial _Q_ _[′]_ ( _Q_ _[′]_ _<< Q_ ) queries as a ”training +phase,” collaboratively optimizing the spatio-temporal communication topology while leveraging +multiple agents for reasoning and evaluation. Following this, we perform one-shot pruning as described in Equation (12). The fixed topology _G_ [sub] is then employed for the reasoning and evaluation +of the remaining ( _Q −_ _Q_ _[′]_ ) queries. We also refer to this approach as **query-level optimization**, in +contrast to the **dialogue-level optimization** discussed in the main text. The distinction between the +two lies in their focus: the latter concentrates on resolving a single query by utilizing several initial +utterances to derive the topology, while the former considers the entire benchmark, employing a few +early queries to inform the topology. + + +E COST ANALYSIS + + +In Section 3.4, we present a token-saving analysis in a single-query setting. In this section, we provide a cost analysis for **`AgentPrune`** in a multi-query optimization context. Given a communication +graph _G_ and a benchmark with _Q_ queries, we assume that the LLM-MA framework iterates for _K_ +dialogue rounds for each query. Furthermore, we denote the average token count per spatial, temporal, and query message as _cS_, _cT_, and _cq_, respectively. Hence, the total token consumption of the + + +17 + + +AgentPrune + + +**Algorithm 3:** Execution pipeline of LLM-MA systems combined with **`AgentPrune`** . + +**Input:** Query _q_, Communication graph _G_ = _{G_ _[S]_ _, G_ _[T]_ _}_, Maximum rounds of iterations _K_, +Rounds for optimization _K_ _[′]_, Initial masks **S** _[S]_ _,_ **S** _[T]_ + +**1** **A** ( _{G_ [˜] _[S]_ _,_ _G_ [˜] _[T]_ _}_ ) _←{_ **A** _[S]_ _⊙_ **S** _[S]_ _,_ **A** _[T]_ _⊙_ **S** _[T]_ _}_ + + +``` +/* Optimizing spatial-temporal communication topology */ + +``` + + +**2** **for** iteration _t ←_ 1 **to** _K_ _[′]_ **do** + + + +**3** _G_ ˆ _[S]_ = ( _V, E_ _[S]_ _∪E_ _[T]_ ) _←_ DAGSampling( ˜ _G_ _[S]_ ) + + + +**4** **for** _vi_ in TopologicalSort( _V_ ) **do** + +**5** Obtain temporal (in-)neighbors _N_ _[T]_ ( _vi_ ) _←{vj_ _|_ ( _j, i_ ) _∈E_ _[T]_ _}_ + + + +**6** Obtain spatial (in-)neighbors _N_ _[S]_ ( _vi_ ) _←{vj_ _|_ ( _j, i_ ) _∈E_ _[S]_ _}_ + +**7** _**m**_ _[T]_ _←{_ **M** _j_ _| vj_ _∈N_ _[T]_ ( _vi_ ) _},_ _**m**_ _[S]_ _←{_ **M** _ij_ _| vj_ _∈N_ _[S]_ ( _vi_ ) _}_ + + + +**8** **M** [(] _i_ _[t]_ [)] _∼Pθ_ ( **M** _i_ _| q,_ Role [(] _i_ _[t]_ [)] _[,]_ [ State][(] _i_ _[t]_ [)] _[,]_ _**[ m]**_ _[T][,]_ _**[ m]**_ _[S]_ [)] + +**9** **end** + +**10** _a_ [(] _[t]_ [)] _←_ AggregateSolution( **M** [(] 1 _[t]_ [)] _[,]_ **[ M]** [(] 2 _[t]_ [)] _[,][ · · ·]_ _[,]_ **[ M]** [(] _|V|_ _[t]_ [)] [)] + +**11** Update **S** _[S]_ _,_ **S** _[T]_ according to Equation (8) + +**12** **end** + + +``` +/* One-shot pruning spatial-temporal communication topology */ + +``` + + +**13** **B** _[S]_ = I( **A** _[S]_ = 0 _∧_ TopK( **S** _[S]_ _, |_ **A** _[S]_ _| ×_ (1 _−_ _p_ %))) + + + +**14** **B** _[T]_ = I( **A** _[T]_ = 0 _∧_ TopK( **S** _[T]_ _, |_ **A** _[T]_ _| ×_ (1 _−_ _p_ %))) + + + +**15** Obtain _G_ [sub], where **A** ( _G_ [sub] ) = _{_ **A** _[S]_ _⊙_ **B** _[S]_ _,_ **A** _[T]_ _⊙_ **B** _[T]_ _}_ + + +``` +/* Fixing the topology for subsequent iterations */ + +``` + + +**16** **for** iteration _t ←_ _K_ _[′]_ **to** _K_ **do** + + + +**17** Use _G_ [sub] for multi-agent dialogues as in Algorithm 1 + + + +**18** **end** + +**19** **return** _a_ [(] _[t]_ [)] as the final solution + + +vanilla system can be expressed as: +_CG_ = _QK_ - _cS_ _|E_ _[S]_ _|_ + _cT |E_ _[T]_ _|_ + _Cq|V|_ - (14) +When utilizing **`AgentPrune`**, the LLM-MA framework processes the initial _Q_ _[′]_ queries while simultaneously optimizing the spatial-temporal connectivity. The token cost for this phase is: +_MQ_ _[′]_ _K_ - _cS_ _|E_ _[S]_ _|_ + _cT |E_ _[T]_ _|_ + _Cq|V|_ - _._ (15) + +After pruning _G_ _[S]_ and _G_ _[T]_, we use the obtained _G_ [sub] to solve the remaining _Q −_ _Q_ _[′]_ queries, with a +cost of: +( _Q −_ _Q_ _[′]_ ) _K_ �(1 _−_ _p_ %) _·_ - _cS_ _|E_ _[S]_ _|_ + _cT |E_ _[T]_ _|_ - + _Cq|V|_ - _._ (16) +Overall, the token savings of **`AgentPrune`** in a multi-query setting can be expressed as: +∆= ( _p_ % _· Q_ + (1 _−_ _p_ % _−_ _M_ ) _Q_ _[′]_ ) _K_ - _cS_ _|E_ _[S]_ _|_ + _cT |E_ _[T]_ _|_ - + (1 _−_ _M_ ) _Q_ _[′]_ _KCq|V|_ (17) + + +F EXISITING SPATIAL COMMUNICATION TOPOLOGIES + + +In this section, we introduce several existing spatial communication topologies, including chain, +tree, star, complete graph, layered graph, random graph, and LLM-Blender. + + +F.1 CHAIN STRUCTURE + + +The chain structure (in Figure 7) is one of the most widely utilized communication architectures +in contemporary multi-agent systems, as demonstrated by its application in ChatDev (Qian et al., +2023), MetaGPT (Hong et al., 2023), and L2MAC (Holt et al., 2024). In this architecture, the first +agent receives input from the user, transforms it into new instruction, and subsequently forwards it +to the next agent. For instance, in MetaGPT, user instructions are initially sent to the first agent, +termed the ”product manager,” with information progressively relayed to subsequent agents, such as +the architect agent, engineer agent, and QA engineer agent. Generally, the final agent in the chain +provides a solution to the user’s request. + + +18 + + +AgentPrune + + +AgentPrune + + +F.4 COMPLETE GRAPH STRUCTURE + + +In the main text, we refer to the structure shown in Figure 10 as a complete graph. However, this +complete graph differs from the traditional definition, _i.e._, an undirected graph where each vertex +is connected to every other vertex. Instead, it is a directed graph that would represent a complete +graph if converted to an undirected form. This distinction is necessary because the execution of the +multi-agent system relies on topological ordering (Qian et al., 2024; Zhuge et al., 2024), requiring +the spatial communication topology to be a DAG. In MacNet (Qian et al., 2024), this structure is +also referred to as a “Mesh graph.” After executing in the order determined by topological sorting, + + +illustrated in Figure 13. + + +**Figure 13:** Demonstration of **LLM-Blender** structure as spatial communication topology. + + +G EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS + + +G.1 BASELINES + + +In this section, we will provide a detailed overview of the various baselines mentioned in Section 4.1 +and their adaptations for our evaluation. + + +G.1.1 SPATIAL COMMUNICATION BASELINES + + +The methods described below fall under the category of spatial communication, meaning they are +designed to regulate how different agents interact and exchange information within the same dialogue round. Unless stated otherwise, we do not employ explicit inter-dialogue message passing and +limit iterations to two rounds ( _i.e._, _K_ = 2). + + +**Chain** Given the diversity of benchmarks we employed (including mathematical reasoning, code +generation, etc.), we organized distinct agent pools for different categories of reasoning tasks, as +detailed in Appendix G.2. In addition to personalized prompts for each agent, we also designed +a universal prompt template applicable to all agents for generating outputs. Taking the MMLU +benchmark as an example: + + +21 + + +AgentPrune + + +We utilize the output from the final agent as the decision for the entire system. + + +**Star** When employing the star structure, as described in Appendix F.3, we designate one agent +as the administrative agent and utilize the other agents as subordinates. The administrative agent +ultimately collects outputs from the subordinate agents to make a decision. During the final decisionmaking process, the prompt is as follows: + + + + + +**Tree** We reduce the tree structure to a **binary** **tree** and sequentially assign agents based on the +binary tree indexing, depending on the number of agents. The outputs from all non-root nodes are +ultimately relayed to the root node’s agent for the final decision, with the prompt template remaining +the same as the Star structure. + + +**Complete** **Graph** We employ the structure outlined in Figure 10 and execute the input/output +for each agent node through topological sorting. Before performing topological sorting, it may be +necessary to apply the DAG sampling method discussed in Section 3.1 to ensure that the spatial +communication graph is a DAG. Given the relative complexity of the graph structure, which does +not possess a straightforward core agent like a chain or tree, we introduce an additional summarizer +node to which all other nodes direct their outputs. Naturally, this summarizer node is executed last +in the topological order, positioning it as the final decision-making expert. + + +**Layered** **Graph** As discussed in Appendix F.5, we arrange the agents in an MLP-like layered +structure, ensuring that the final layer contains only one agent. This agent receives outputs from all +agents in the preceding layer and produces the final solution. + + +**Random Graph** The implementation of a random graph is similar to that of a complete graph. It +also begins with DAG sampling, followed by execution through topological sorting, and concludes +with a summarizer agent that generates the overall response. + + +**LLM-Blender** LLM-Blender (Jiang et al., 2023) was originally designed to consolidate responses +from various LLM architectures. In this context, we treat it as a spatial message-passing paradigm, +standardizing all agents to utilize either gpt-3.5 or gpt-4, with the final output from GenFuser +serving as the solution. Notably, LLM-Blender is specifically tailored for single-turn dialogues; +thus, we do not employ multi-turn dialogues in conjunction with LLM-Blender. + + +**GPTSwarm** GPTSwarm (Zhuge et al., 2024) conceptualizes the connections among all agents +as a parameterized, dense adjacency matrix, which is continuously optimized to enhance collaborative performance. In the original paper, distinct internal structures were customized for different agents, such as configuring a specific agent to first receive a query, followed by performing + + +22 + + +AgentPrune + + +FileAnalyze and WebSearch, and ultimately outputting the results. To ensure a fair comparison, we did not utilize such configurations in Section 4; instead, we assigned each agent different profiles, similar to the other structures mentioned above, along with possible external tools +like a Python compiler or Wikipedia searcher. Our implementation is based on the resources avail[able at https://github.com/metauto-ai/GPTSwarm.](https://github.com/metauto-ai/GPTSwarm) **Important Note** : in the originally +open-sourced code, the multi-agent collaboration for MMLU dataset only transmitted the options +A/B/C/D during dialogues, without including the content of agents’ reasoning process, which is +not consistent with the description in Section 2.2 of their manuscript. To ensure a fair comparison +and maintain consistency with the original description, we modified their code to transmit both the +choices and the reasoning process. + + +G.1.2 TEMPORAL COMMUNICATION BASELINES + + +**LLM-Debate** LLM-Debate (Du et al., 2023b) is designed for multiple agents to engage in a debate, where in each round, every agent receives the outputs of all agents from the previous round +before making their own statements. Consequently, it essentially forms a fully connected temporal +communication graph, as illustrated in Figure 14. + + +**Figure 14:** Demonstration of **LLM-Debate** structure as temporal communication topology. + + +**Figure 15:** Demonstration of **PHP** structure as temporal communication topology. + + +**DyLAN** DyLAN (Liu et al., 2023b) primarily focuses on optimizing temporal communication and +reducing redundancy by employing a specific scoring mechanism to eliminate low-quality outputs +between every two rounds of dialogue. [We utilize the official implementation available at https:](https://github.com/SALT-NLP/DyLAN) +[//github.com/SALT-NLP/DyLAN.](https://github.com/SALT-NLP/DyLAN) + + +23 + + +AgentPrune + + + +_query_ Manager + + + +Manager + + + +Engineer Critic + + + +Query + + + +**Figure 16:** The AutoGen system design with three/five LLM-based agents. The dashed line indicates the agent +will propagate its rationale or output back to the manager for its final decision-making. + + +G.1.3 OTHERS + + +In Section 4.3, we integrated **`AgentPrune`** with AutoGen and GPTSwarm under both three-agent +and five-agent configurations. Here, we elaborate on how we implemented AutoGen, which is inherently a customizable framework. Based on the setup from AutoGen (A5: Dynamic Group Chat), we +define five roles: user proxy, manager, engineer, critic, and code executor. For the three-agent configuration, we condense these roles into manager, engineer, and critic. The detailed communication +structure is depicted in Figure 16. + + +G.2 AGENT PROFILING + + +Previous works (Wang et al., 2024c) have formally established that assigning different personas or +roles to LLM-based agents can enhance cognitive synergy among agents. Consequently, we utilized +gpt-4 to generate a series of agent profiles for various tasks, thereby promoting diversity and +collective intelligence in a multi-agent setting. + + +G.2.1 PROFILE EXAMPLES FOR GENERAL REASONING + + +Below are some examples of agent profiles tailored for **general reasoning** tasks: + + + + + + + + + +24 + + +AgentPrune + + + + + + + +G.2.2 PROFILE EXAMPLES FOR MATHEMATICAL REASONING + + +Below are some examples of agent profiles tailored for **mathematical reasoning** tasks: + + + + + + + +25 + + +AgentPrune + + + + + +G.2.3 PROFILE EXAMPLES FOR CODE GENERARION + + +Below are some examples of agent profiles tailored for **code generation** tasks: + + + + + + + +26 + + +AgentPrune + + + + + +G.3 AGENT ATTACK IMPLEMENTATION + + +We designed two types of attacks on agents: agent prompt attack and agent replacement attack, with +specific implementations detailed as follows: + + +**Agent** **Prompt** **Attack** We attempt to compromise the role prompt of the collaborative agent, +altering its predefined role to the following “lier” agent: + + + + + +**Agent Replacement Attack** We replace the originally high-cognitive and planning-capable LLM +with a randomly generating “dummy” API that outputs text without coherence. The specific prompt +is as follows: + + + + + +When attacking all multi-agent frameworks, we randomly select one agent to serve as the adversarial +agent, while the remaining agents retain their original functions and responsibilities. + + +27 + + +AgentPrune + + +H SUPPLEMENTED EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS + + +H.1 RESULTS FOR RQ1 + + +Figures 17 to 19 compares **`AgentPrune`** with other communication topologies in terms of completion tokens, overall tokens, and overall cost (USD). Notably, across multiple datasets, **`AgentPrune`** +achieves superior performance at a fraction of the cost, often as low as one-half or even one-tenth +of the economic expense of SOTA topologies. For instance, on the MMLU dataset, **`AgentPrune`** +surpasses GPTSwarm’s performance with a cost of only $5 _._ 6, compared to GPTSwarm’s $43 _._ 56. +Similarly, on the GSM8K dataset, **`AgentPrune`** outperforms DyLAN with a cost of $65 _._ 9, whereas +DyLAN incurs a cost of $357 _._ 47. + + +**Figure 17:** Scatter plot illustrating the performance metrics and **total token consumption** of different multiagent communication topologies across the MMLU, HumanEval, and GSM8K datasets. The diameter of each +point is proportional to the value on the y-axis, representing token consumption. + + +**Figure 18:** Scatter plot illustrating the performance metrics and **completion token consumption** of different +multi-agent communication topologies across the MMLU, HumanEval, and GSM8K datasets. The diameter of +each point is proportional to the value on the y-axis, representing token consumption. + + +**Figure** **19:** Scatter plot illustrating the performance metrics and **total** **cost** **(USD)** of different multi-agent +communication topologies across the MMLU, HumanEval, and GSM8K datasets. The diameter of each point +is proportional to the value on the y-axis, representing the economic cost. + + +28 + + +AgentPrune + + +**Table** **5:** **Performance** **and** **Cost** **Comparison** **before** **and** **after** **combining** **`AgentPrune`** **.** We evaluated +the performance and economic cost comparison of **`AgentPrune`** in conjunction with two classic multi-agent +systems, AutoGen and GPTSwarm, under a **three** gpt-4-based setting. + +|Dataset Method|Performance # Prompt Tokens # Completion Tokens Cost| +|---|---| +|MMLU
AutoGen
+**`AgentPrune`**|81_._94
346_,_ 028
66_,_ 204
$5_._446
82_._20(_↑_0_._26)
274_,_ 665(79_._4%)
66_,_ 803
$4_._750| +|AutoGen
HumanEval
+**`AgentPrune`**|83_._66
351_,_ 985
90_,_ 762
$6_._242
85_._04(_↑_1_._38)
254_,_ 203(72_._2%)
89_,_ 362
$5_._282| +|AutoGen
GSM8K
+**`AgentPrune`**|87_._23
2_,_ 317_,_ 937
624_,_ 055
$41_._92
88_._51(_↑_1_._23)
1_,_ 481_,_ 780(63_._9%)
629_,_ 771
$33_._71| +|GPTSwarm
MMLU
+**`AgentPrune`**|83_._32
1_,_ 521_,_ 504
325_,_ 994
$24_._99
83_._66(_↑_0_._34)
554_,_ 698(35_._8%)
336_,_ 887
$15_._65| +|GPTSwarm
HumanEval
+**`AgentPrune`**|83_._62
1_,_ 478_,_ 312
612_,_ 815
$33_._16
84_._74(_↑_1_._12)
432_,_ 480(29_._2%)
598_,_ 367
$22_._07| +|GPTSwarm
GSM8K
+**`AgentPrune`**|87_._85
6_,_ 274_,_ 665
186_,_ 510
$68_._34
88_._30(_↑_0_._45)
3_,_ 009_,_ 115(47_._9%)
173_,_ 296
$35_._29| + + + +**Figure** **20:** **Performance** **under** **adversarial** **attack.** We compare the performance of various multi-agent +frameworks before and after _agent replacement attacks_ . “w/ AP” indicates the integration with **`AgentPrune`** . + + +H.2 RESULTS FOR RQ2 + + +Table 5 presents a comparison of the performance, prompt/completion token consumption, and cost +between **`AgentPrune`** integrated with three-agent-based AutoGen and GPTSwarm frameworks. + + +H.3 RESULTS FOR RQ3 + + +We supplement the performance of various topologies before and after being perturbed by agent +replacement attack in Figure 20. + + +H.4 RESULTS FOR RQ4 + + +H.4.1 ABLATION STUDY + + +We develop two variants of **`AgentPrune`** : “ **`AgentPrune`** w/o profile”, which assigns no unique +roles to each agent, and “ **`AgentPrune`** w/o low-rank”, which does not implement the low-rank +regularization described in Equation (11). The results are presented in Table 6. + + +H.4.2 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS + + +We analyze the sensitivity of **`AgentPrune`** to two parameters: the number of agents _|V|_ and the +early stopping round _K_ . The findings are presented in Figure 21. Notably, as the number of agents +increases, there is a significant performance enhancement initially (from 3 to 5 agents), while subsequent improvements (from 5 to 9 agents) in accuracy become relatively marginal. The early + + +29 + + +AgentPrune + + +**Table** **6:** **Abltion** **study** **of** **`AgentPrune`** **.** “ _w/o_ _profile_ ” denotes not assigning agents with different roles and +profiles; “ _w/o low-rank_ ” denotes not using the low-rank regularization as described in Equation (11). + +|Variant|MMLU GSM8K MultiArith SVAMP AQuA HumanEval| +|---|---| +|**`AgentPrune`**-C
_w/o profle_
_w/o low-rank_|84.72
95.62
97.25
91.85
79.47
89.38
84.3
93.7
96.2
91.7
79.1
87.8
84.6
94.5
96.8
91.1
79.5
88.9| +|**`AgentPrune`**-R
_w/o profle_
_w/o low-rank_|83.94
95.83
96.30
91.68
78.60
90.30
83.3
95.6
95.7
91.7
78.7
88.6
83.5
95.4
96.0
91.3
78.4
89.3| + + + +**Figure** **21:** **Parameter** **sensitivity** **analysis** **on** **`AgentPrune`** **.** we vary the number of agents _|V|_ _∈_ +_{_ 3 _,_ 4 _,_ 5 _,_ 6 _,_ 7 _,_ 8 _,_ 9 _}_ and the early stopping round _Q_ _[′]_ _∈{_ 5 _,_ 10 _,_ 15 _,_ 15 _,_ 20 _,_ 25 _}_ on MMLU dataset. + + +stopping round _Q_ _[′]_ indicates the number of queries used to optimize spatial-temporal connectivity in +a multi-query training setting. Intuitively, increasing the number of optimization rounds leads to a +more refined and accurate graph mask, resulting in substantial performance gains from multi-agent +collaboration, along with reduced performance fluctuations. To balance performance with token +savings, we consistently set _Q_ _[′]_ _∈{_ 5 _,_ 10 _}_ . + + +I CASE STUDY + + +I.1 SPATIAL TOPOLOGY VISUALIZATION + + +In this section, we will demonstrate how **`AgentPrune`** operates on the predefined spatial communication structure and the resulting structure after one-shot pruning. It is important to note that the +pruned sparse graph we present is likely not a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). This is because, +during the practical application, we still need to utilize the DAGSampling function on the pruned +graph to ensure it conforms to DAG properties before sequentially executing agent I/O. + + +**GPTSwarm + MMLU** Figure 22 illustrates how **`AgentPrune`** applies one-shot pruning within a +five-agent GPTSwarm framework, where three agents serve as simple I/O agents, and the remaining +two are TOT (Tree of Thoughts) agents. Notably, **`AgentPrune`** prunes many in-edges for the I/O +agents, while preserving many for the TOT agents. This behavior likely stems from the stronger +reasoning capabilities of TOT agents, which makes them better suited for synthesizing the agents’ +discussions and providing the final solution. + + +**AutoGen + HumanEval** Figure 23 illustrates how **`AgentPrune`** applies one-shot pruning within +a five-agent AutoGen framework. + + +**Complete Graph + MMLU** Figure 24 illustrates how **`AgentPrune`** performs one-shot pruning to +achieve a compact sparse spatial communication graph, given five predefined agent roles: knowledge +expert, critic, historian, mathematician, and psychologist, along with a predefined **complete graph** + + +30 + + +AgentPrune + + + + + + + + + + + + + +TOT +agent + + + +agent + + + +agent + + + +agent + + + +**Figure 22:** The pruning process of **`AgentPrune`** on a five-agent GPTSwarm framework when tested on MMLU. + + + + + +Manager + + + +_one-shot_ + +_pruning_ + + + +Manager + + + +**Figure 23:** The pruning process of **`AgentPrune`** on a five-agent AutoGen framework when tested on MMLU. + + +structure on **MMLU** dataset. It is evident that in the pruned graph, the Critic has a high number of +incoming edges, while the Knowledge Expert has a high number of outgoing edges. This aligns with +their respective functions: the Critic is expected to receive a broad range of external information and +provide feedback, whereas the Knowledge Expert should output useful knowledge based on their +knowledge base. + + +**Random** **Graph** **+** **MMLU** Figure 25 illustrates how **`AgentPrune`** performs one-shot pruning, +given five predefined agent roles along with a predefined **random** **graph** structure on **MMLU** +dataset. The pruned graph structure is similarly aligned with that in Figure 24, with the Critic +having many incoming edges and the Knowledge Expert having many outgoing edges. Notably, the +absence of outgoing edges for the psychologist in Figure 25 may suggest that this role has limited +utility within the overall system. + + +**Random Graph + HumanEval** Figure 26 demonstrates how **`AgentPrune`** implements one-shot +pruning based on five predefined agent roles: project manager, algorithm designer, bug fixer, test analyst, and programming expert, utilizing a predefined **complete graph** structure on the **HumanEval** +dataset. Notably, the outer edges of the graph are retained, aligning with the standard workflow for +code completion, which is consistent with the designs of multi-agent code generation frameworks +like MetaGPT (Hong et al., 2023). The Bug Fixer has no outgoing edges, as it represents the final step in the code completion process. This effectively highlights **`AgentPrune`** ’s capability for +autonomous optimization of multi-agent collaborative topologies. + + +31 + + +AgentPrune + + + + + +_one-shot_ + +_pruning_ + + +Mathematician Psychologist + + + +Mathematician Psychologist + + + +**Figure 24:** The pruning process of **`AgentPrune`** on a five-agent complete-graph-like framework when tested +on MMLU dataset. + + + + + +Mathematician Psychologist + + + +Mathematician Psychologist + + + +**Figure** **25:** The visualization of how **`AgentPrune`** prunes a five-agent random-graph-like framework when +tested on MMLU dataset. + + +**Complete Graph + HumanEval** Figure 26 illustrates how **`AgentPrune`** executes one-shot pruning based on four predefined agent roles: math solver, math analyst, programming expert, and inspector, utilizing a predefined **complete** **graph** structure on the **GSM8K** dataset. In this scenario, +we designated two agents as math solvers. Interestingly, the pruned graph structure reveals explicit +differentiation in roles for the two math solvers: one is responsible for preliminary solving, while +the other is tasked with final solving. The final solver gathers information from all other nodes and +has no outgoing edges. + + +**Complete** **Graph** **+** **GSM8K** Figure 28 illustrates how **`AgentPrune`** performs one-shot pruning +based on four predefined agent roles and a predefined **random** **graph** structure on the **GSM8K** +dataset. We observe a distinct differentiation in node characteristics: the agents focused on problem +analysis exhibit a high out-degree with no incoming edges, while the agents responsible for problemsolving demonstrate a high in-degree and a low out-degree. + + +32 + + +AgentPrune + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Expert + + + +Expert + + + +Analyst + + + +Analyst + + + +**Figure** **26:** The visualization of how **`AgentPrune`** prunes a five-agent complete-graph-like framework when +tested on the HumanEval dataset. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Expert + + + +Expert + + + +Analyst + + + +Analyst + + + +**Figure** **27:** The visualization of how **`AgentPrune`** prunes a five-agent random-graph-like framework when +tested on the HumanEval dataset. + + +I.2 TEMPORAL TOPOLOGY VISUALIZATION + + +Figures 30 and 31 demonstrate how **`AgentPrune`** operates on the predefined temporal communication structure and the resulting structure after one-shot pruning. + + +I.3 SPATIAL CONNECTIVITY OPTIMIZATION + + +Figures 32 to 34 illustrate the optimization trajectory of spatial connectivity before applying one-shot +pruning. As time progresses, the initially identical graph masks begin to show increasing differentiation, with their magnitudes serving as a crucial reference for subsequent pruning decisions. + + +33 + + +AgentPrune + + + + + +Inspector +Expert + + + + + +Inspector +Expert + + + +**Figure** **28:** The visualization of how **`AgentPrune`** prunes a five-agent complete-graph-like framework when +tested on the GSM8K dataset. + + + + + +Inspector +Expert + + + + + +Inspector +Expert + + + +**Figure** **29:** The visualization of how **`AgentPrune`** prunes a five-agent random-graph-like framework when +tested on the GSM8K dataset. + + +34 + + +AgentPrune + + + +Temporal Pruning + HuamnEval + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +**Figure 30:** The visualization of how **`AgentPrune`** temporally prunes a five-agent LLM-Debate-like framework +when tested on the HumanEval dataset. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +**Figure 31:** The visualization of how **`AgentPrune`** temporally prunes a four-agent LLM-Debate-like framework +when tested on the GSM8K dataset. + + +35 + + +AgentPrune + + +**Figure 32:** The demonstration of how spatial connectivity evolves and optimizes over time on MMLU. + + +**Figure 33:** The demonstration of how spatial connectivity evolves and optimizes over time on HumanEval. + + +36 + + +AgentPrune + + +**Figure 34:** The demonstration of how spatial connectivity evolves and optimizes over time on GSM8K dataset. + + +37 + + diff --git a/docs/papers/2412.06769v3 (1).md b/docs/papers/2412.06769v3 (1).md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1048955 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/papers/2412.06769v3 (1).md @@ -0,0 +1,428 @@ +## **Training Large Language Models to Reason in a Continuous Latent Space** + +**Shibo Hao**[1] _[,]_[2] _[,][∗]_ , **Sainbayar Sukhbaatar**[1] , **DiJia Su**[1] , **Xian Li**[1] , **Zhiting Hu**[2] , **Jason Weston**[1] , **Yuandong Tian**[1] + +> 1FAIR at Meta, 2UC San Diego + +> _∗_ Work done at Meta + +Large language models (LLMs) are restricted to reason in the “language space”, where they typically express the reasoning process with a chain-of-thought (CoT) to solve a complex reasoning problem. However, we argue that language space may not always be optimal for reasoning. For example, most word tokens primarily ensure textual coherence and are not essential for reasoning, while some critical tokens require complex planning and pose huge challenges to LLMs. To explore the potential of LLM reasoning in an unrestricted latent space instead of using natural language, we introduce a new paradigm Coconut (Chain of Continuous Thought). We utilize the last hidden state of the LLM as a representation of the reasoning state (termed “continuous thought”). Rather than decoding this into a word token, we feed it back to the LLM as the subsequent input embedding directly in the continuous space. This latent reasoning paradigm leads to the emergence of an advanced reasoning pattern: the continuous thought can encode multiple alternative next reasoning steps, allowing the model to perform a breadth-first search (BFS) to solve the problem, rather than prematurely committing to a single deterministic path like CoT. Coconut outperforms CoT on certain logical reasoning tasks that require substantial search during planning, and shows a better trade-off between accuracy and efficiency. + +**Last updated:** November 4, 2025 + +**Code** : https://github.com/facebookresearch/coconut + +## **1 Introduction** + +Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning abilities, emerging from extensive pretraining on human languages (Dubey et al., 2024; Achiam et al., 2023). While next token prediction is an effective training objective, it imposes a fundamental constraint on the LLM as a reasoning machine: the explicit reasoning process of LLMs must be generated in word tokens. For example, a prevalent approach, known as chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning (Wei et al., 2022), involves prompting or training LLMs to generate solutions step-by-step using natural language. However, this is in stark contrast to certain human cognition results. Neuroimaging studies have consistently shown that the language network – a set of brain regions responsible for language comprehension and production – remains largely inactive during various reasoning tasks (Amalric and Dehaene, 2019; Monti et al., 2012, 2007, 2009; Fedorenko et al., 2011). Further evidence indicates that human language is optimized for communication rather than reasoning (Fedorenko et al., 2024). + +A significant issue arises when LLMs use language for reasoning: the amount of reasoning required for each particular token varies greatly, yet current LLM architectures allocate nearly the same computing budget for predicting every token. Most tokens in a reasoning chain are generated solely for fluency, contributing little to the actual reasoning process. By contrast, some critical tokens require complex planning and pose huge challenges to LLMs. While previous work has attempted to fix these problems by prompting LLMs to generate succinct reasoning chains (Madaan and Yazdanbakhsh, 2022), or performing additional reasoning before generating some critical tokens (Zelikman et al., 2024), these solutions remain constrained within the language space and do not solve the fundamental problems. On the contrary, it would be ideal for LLMs to have the freedom to reason without any language constraints, and then translate their findings into language only when necessary. + +1 + +**Figure 1** A comparison of Chain of Continuous Thought (Coconut) with Chain-of-Thought (CoT). In CoT, the model generates the reasoning process as a word token sequence (e.g., [ _xi, xi_ +1 _, ..., xi_ + _j_ ] in the figure). Coconut regards the last hidden state as a representation of the reasoning state (termed “continuous thought”), and directly uses it as the next input embedding. This allows the LLM to reason in an unrestricted latent space instead of a language space. + +In this work we instead explore LLM reasoning in a latent space by introducing a novel paradigm, Coconut (Chain of Continuous Thought). It involves a simple modification to the traditional CoT process: instead of mapping between hidden states and language tokens using the language model head and embedding layer, Coconut directly feeds the last hidden state (a continuous thought) as the input embedding for the next token (Figure 1). This modification frees the reasoning from being within the language space, and the system can be optimized end-to-end by gradient descent, as continuous thoughts are fully differentiable. To enhance the training of latent reasoning, we employ a multi-stage training strategy inspired by Deng et al. (2024), which effectively utilizes language reasoning chains to guide the training process. + +Interestingly, our proposed paradigm leads to an efficient reasoning pattern. Unlike language-based reasoning, continuous thoughts in Coconut can encode multiple potential next steps simultaneously, allowing for a reasoning process akin to breadth-first search (BFS). While the model may not initially make the correct decision, it can maintain many possible options within the continuous thoughts and progressively eliminate incorrect paths through reasoning, guided by some implicit value functions. This advanced reasoning mechanism surpasses traditional CoT, even though the model is not explicitly trained or instructed to operate in this manner, as seen in previous works (Yao et al., 2023; Hao et al., 2023). + +Experimentally, Coconut successfully enhances the reasoning capabilities of LLMs. For math reasoning (GSM8k, Cobbe et al., 2021), using continuous thoughts is shown to be beneficial to reasoning accuracy, mirroring the effects of language reasoning chains. This indicates the potential to scale and solve increasingly challenging problems by chaining more continuous thoughts. On logical reasoning including ProntoQA (Saparov and He, 2022), and our newly proposed ProsQA (Section 4) which requires stronger planning ability, Coconut and some of its variants even surpasses language-based CoT methods, while generating significantly fewer tokens during inference. We believe that these findings underscore the potential of latent reasoning and could provide valuable insights for future research. + +## **2 Related Work** + +**Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning.** We use the term chain-of-thought broadly to refer to methods that generate an intermediate reasoning process in language before outputting the final answer. This includes prompting LLMs (Wei et al., 2022; Khot et al., 2022; Zhou et al., 2022), or training LLMs to generate reasoning chains, either with supervised finetuning (Yue et al., 2023; Yu et al., 2023) or reinforcement learning (Wang et al., 2024; Havrilla et al., 2024; Shao et al., 2024; Yu et al., 2024a). Madaan and Yazdanbakhsh (2022) classified the tokens in CoT into symbols, patterns, and text, and proposed to guide the LLM to generate concise CoT based on analysis of their roles. Recent theoretical analyses have demonstrated the usefulness of CoT from the perspective of model expressivity (Feng et al., 2023; Merrill and Sabharwal, 2023; Li et al., 2024). By employing CoT, the effective depth of the transformer increases because the generated outputs are looped back to the input (Feng et al., 2023). These analyses, combined with the established effectiveness of CoT, + +2 + +motivated our design of feeding the continuous thoughts back into the LLM as input embeddings. While CoT has proven effective for certain tasks, its autoregressive generation nature makes it challenging to mimic human reasoning on more complex problems (LeCun, 2022; Hao et al., 2023), which typically require planning and search. There are works that equip LLMs with explicit tree search algorithms (Xie et al., 2023; Yao et al., 2023; Hao et al., 2024), or train the LLM on search dynamics and trajectories (Lehnert et al., 2024; Gandhi et al., 2024; Su et al., 2024). In our analysis, we find that after removing the constraint of a language space, a new reasoning pattern similar to BFS emerges, even though the model is not explicitly trained in this way. + +**Latent reasoning in LLMs.** Previous works mostly define latent reasoning in LLMs as the hidden computation in transformers (Yang et al., 2024; Biran et al., 2024). Yang et al. (2024) constructed a dataset of two-hop reasoning problems and discovered that it is possible to recover the intermediate variable from the hidden representations. Biran et al. (2024) further proposed to intervene the latent reasoning by “back-patching” the hidden representation. Shalev et al. (2024) discovered parallel latent reasoning paths in LLMs. Another line of work has discovered that, even if the model generates a CoT to reason, the model may actually utilize a different latent reasoning process. This phenomenon is known as the unfaithfulness of CoT reasoning (Wang et al., 2022; Turpin et al., 2024). To enhance the latent reasoning of LLMs, previous research proposed to augment it with additional tokens. Goyal et al. (2023) pretrained the model by randomly inserting a learnable tokens to the training corpus. This improves LLM’s performance on a variety of tasks, especially when followed by supervised finetuning with tokens. On the other hand, Pfau et al. “ (2024) further explored the usage of filler tokens, e.g., ...”, and concluded that they work well for highly parallelizable problems. However, Pfau et al. (2024) mentioned these methods do not extend the expressivity of the LLM like CoT; hence, they may not scale to more general and complex reasoning problems. Wang et al. (2023) proposed to predict a planning token as a discrete latent variable before generating the next reasoning step. Recently, it has also been found that one can “internalize” the CoT reasoning into latent reasoning in the transformer with knowledge distillation (Deng et al., 2023) or a special training curriculum which gradually shortens CoT (Deng et al., 2024). Yu et al. (2024b) also proposed to distill a model that can reason latently from data generated with complex reasoning algorithms. These training methods can be combined to our framework, and specifically, we find that breaking down the learning of continuous thoughts into multiple stages, inspired by iCoT (Deng et al., 2024), is very beneficial for the training. Other work explores alternative architectures for latent reasoning, including looped transformers (Giannou et al., 2023; Fan et al., 2024), diffusion models in sentence embedding space (Barrault et al., 2024). Different from these works, we focus on general multi-step reasoning tasks and aim to investigate the unique properties of latent reasoning in comparison to language space. In addition to reasoning tasks, Pham et al. (2023) also explored using continuous space for multi-agent communication. Building on Coconut, Zhu et al. (2025b) developed a theoretical framework demonstrating that continuous CoT can be more efficient than discrete CoT on certain tasks by encoding multiple reasoning paths in superposition states. Subsequently, Zhu et al. (2025a) analyzed the training dynamics to explain how such superposition emerges under the Coconut training objective. + +## **3 Coconut: Chain of Continuous Thought** + +In this section, we introduce our new paradigm Coconut (Chain of Continuous Thought) for reasoning in an unconstrained latent space. We begin by introducing the background and notation we use for language models. For an input sequence _x_ = ( _x_ 1 _, ..., xT_ ), the standard large language model _M_ can be described as: + +**==> picture [140 x 29] intentionally omitted <==** + +where _Et_ = [ _e_ ( _x_ 1) _, e_ ( _x_ 2) _, ..., e_ ( _xt_ )] is the sequence of token embeddings up to position _t_ ; _Ht ∈_ R _[t][×][d]_ is the matrix of the last hidden states for all tokens up to position _t_ ; _ht_ is the last hidden state of position _t_ , i.e., _ht_ = _Ht_ [ _t,_ :]; _e_ ( _·_ ) is the token embedding function; _W_ is the parameter of the language model head. + +**Method Overview.** In the proposed Coconut method, the LLM switches between the “language mode” and “latent mode” (Figure 1). In language mode, the model operates as a standard language model, autoregressively + +3 + +**Figure 2** Training procedure of Chain of Continuous Thought (Coconut). Given training data with language reasoning steps, at each training stage we integrate _c_ additional continuous thoughts ( _c_ = 1 in this example), and remove one language reasoning step. The cross-entropy loss is then used on the remaining tokens after continuous thoughts. + +generating the next token. In latent mode, it directly utilizes the last hidden state as the next input embedding. This last hidden state represents the current reasoning state, termed as a “continuous thought”. + +Special tokens and are employed to mark the beginning and end of the latent thought mode, respectively. As an example, we assume latent reasoning occurs between positions _i_ and _j_ , i.e., _xi_ = and _xj_ = . When the model is in the latent mode ( _i < t < j_ ), we use the last hidden state from the previous token to replace the input embedding, i.e., _Et_ = [ _e_ ( _x_ 1) _, e_ ( _x_ 2) _, ..., e_ ( _xi_ ) _, hi, hi_ +1 _, ..., ht−_ 1]. After the latent mode finishes ( _t ≥ j_ ), the input reverts to using the token embedding, i.e., _Et_ = [ _e_ ( _x_ 1) _, e_ ( _x_ 2) _, ..., e_ ( _xi_ ) _, hi, hi_ +1 _, ..., hj−_ 1 _, e_ ( _xj_ ) _, ..., e_ ( _xt_ )]. It is worth noting that the last hidden states have been processed by the final normalization layer, so they are not too large in magnitude. _M_ ( _xt_ +1 _| x≤t_ ) is not defined when _i < t < j_ , since the latent thought is not intended to be mapped back to language space. However, softmax( _Wht_ ) can still be calculated for probing purposes (see Section 5). + +**Training Procedure.** In this work, we focus on a problem-solving setting where the model receives a question as input and is expected to generate an answer through a reasoning process. We leverage language CoT data to supervise continuous thought by implementing a multi-stage training curriculum inspired by Deng et al. (2024). As shown in Figure 2, in the initial stage, the model is trained on regular CoT instances. In the subsequent stages, at the _k_ -th stage, the first _k_ reasoning steps in the CoT are replaced with _k × c_ continuous thoughts[1] , where _c_ is a hyperparameter controlling the number of latent thoughts replacing a single language reasoning step. Following Deng et al. (2024), we also reset the optimizer state when training stages switch. We insert and tokens (which are not counted towards _c_ ) to encapsulate the continuous thoughts. + +During the training process, we optimize the normal negative log-likelihood loss, but mask the loss on questions and latent thoughts. It is important to note that the objective does **not** encourage the continuous thought to _compress the removed language thought_ , but rather to _facilitate the prediction of future reasoning_ . Therefore, it’s possible for the LLM to learn more effective representations of reasoning steps compared to human language. + +**Training Details.** Our proposed continuous thoughts are fully differentiable and allow for back-propagation. We perform _n_ + 1 forward passes when _n_ latent thoughts are scheduled in the current training stage, computing a new latent thought with each pass and finally conducting an additional forward pass to obtain a loss on the remaining text sequence. While we can save any repetitive computing by using a KV cache, the sequential nature of the multiple forward passes poses challenges for parallelism. Further optimizing the + +> 1If a language reasoning chain is shorter than _k_ steps, then all the language thoughts will be removed. + +4 + +training efficiency of Coconut remains an important direction for future research. + +**Inference Process.** The inference process for Coconut is analogous to standard language model decoding, except that in latent mode, we directly feed the last hidden state as the next input embedding. A challenge lies in determining when to switch between latent and language modes. As we focus on the problem-solving setting, we insert a token immediately following the question tokens. For , we consider two potential strategies: a) train a binary classifier on latent thoughts to enable the model to autonomously decide when to terminate the latent reasoning, or b) always pad the latent thoughts to a constant length. We found that both approaches work comparably well. Therefore, we use the second option in our experiment for simplicity, unless specified otherwise. + +## **4 Continuous Space Enables Latent Tree Search** + +In this section, we provide a proof of concept of the advantage of continuous latent space reasoning. On ProsQA, a new dataset that requires extensive planning ability, Coconut outperforms language space CoT reasoning. Interestingly, our analysis indicates that the continuous representation of reasoning can encode multiple alternative next reasoning steps. This allows the model to perform a breadth-first search (BFS) to solve the problem, instead of prematurely committing to a single deterministic path like language CoT. + +We start by introducing the experimental setup (Section 4.1). By leveraging Coconut’s ability to switch between language and latent space reasoning, we are able to control the model to interpolate between fully latent reasoning and fully language reasoning and test their performance (Section 4.2). This also enables us to interpret the latent reasoning process as tree search (Section 4.3). Based on this perspective, we explain why latent reasoning can help LLMs make better decisions (Section 4.4). + +## **4.1 Experimental Setup** + +**Dataset.** We introduce ProsQA (Proof with Search Question-Answering), a new logical reasoning dataset. A visualized example is shown in Figure 4. Each instance in ProsQA consists of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) of logical relationships between concepts, presented as natural language statements. The task requires models to determine logical relationships by finding valid paths through this graph, demanding sophisticated planning and search strategies. Unlike previous logical reasoning datasets like ProntoQA (Saparov and He, 2022), ProsQA’s DAG structure introduces complex exploration paths, making it particularly challenging for models to identify the correct reasoning chain. More comprehensive details about the dataset construction and characteristics can be found in Appendix A. + +**Setup.** We use a pre-trained GPT-2 model as the base model for all experiments. The learning rate is set to 1 _×_ 10 _[−]_[4] while the effective batch size is 128. We train a Coconut model following the training procedure in Section 3. Since the maximum reasoning steps in ProsQA is 6, we set the number of training stages to _N_ = 6 in the training procedure. In each stage, we train the model for 5 epochs, and stay in the last stage until the 50 epochs. The checkpoint with the best accuracy in the last stage is used for evaluation. As reference, we report the performance of (1) _CoT_ : the model is trained with CoT data, and during inference, the model will generate a complete reasoning chain to solve the problem. (2) _no-CoT_ : the model is trained with only the question and answer pairs, without any reasoning steps. During inference, the model will output the final answer directly. + +To understand the properties of latent and language reasoning space, _we manipulate the model to switch between fully latent reasoning and fully language reasoning_ , by manually setting the position of the token during inference. When we enforce Coconut to use _k_ continuous thoughts, the model is expected to output the remaining reasoning chain in language, starting from the _k_ + 1 step. In our experiments, we test variants of Coconut on ProsQA with _k ∈{_ 0 _,_ 1 _,_ 2 _,_ 3 _,_ 4 _,_ 5 _,_ 6 _}_ . Note that all these variants only differ in inference time while sharing the same model weights. + +**Metrics.** We apply two sets of evaluation metrics. One of them is based on the correctness of the _final answer_ , regardless of the reasoning process. It is also the main metric used in the later sections (Section 5.3). To enable fine-grained analysis on ProsQA, we define another metric on the _reasoning process_ . We classify a reasoning chain into (1) **Correct Path** : The output is one of the shortest paths to the correct answer. (2) + +5 + +**Figure 3** The accuracy of final answer (left) and reasoning process (right) of multiple variants of Coconut and baselines on ProsQA. + +**Longer Path** : A valid path that correctly answers the question but is longer than the shortest path. (3) **Hallucination** : The path includes nonexistent edges or is disconnected. (4) **Wrong Target** : A valid path in the graph, but the destination node is not the one being asked. These four categories naturally apply to the output from Coconut ( _k_ = 0) and _CoT_ , which generate the full path. For Coconut with _k >_ 0 that outputs only partial paths in language (with the initial steps in continuous reasoning), we classify the reasoning as a Correct Path _if a valid explanation can complete it_ . Also, we define Longer Path and Wrong Target for partial paths similarly. If no valid explanation completes the path, it’s classified as Hallucination. In _no-CoT_ and Coconut with larger _k_ , the model may only output the final answer without any partial path, and it falls into (5) **Correct Label** or (6) **Incorrect Label** . These six categories cover all cases without overlap. + +## **4.2 Overall Results** + +Figure 3 presents a comparative analysis of various reasoning methods evaluated on ProsQA. The model trained using _CoT_ frequently hallucinates non-existent edges or outputs paths leading to incorrect targets, resulting in lower answer accuracy. In contrast, Coconut, which leverages continuous space reasoning, demonstrates improved accuracy as it utilizes an increasing number of continuous thoughts. Additionally, the rate of correct reasoning processes (indicated by “Correct Label” and “Correct Path”) significantly increases. At the same time, there is a notable reduction in instances of “Hallucination” and “Wrong Target,” issues that typically emerge when the model makes mistakes early in the reasoning process. + +An intuitive demonstration of the limitations of reasoning in language space is provided by the case study depicted in Figure 4. As shown, models operating in language space often fail to plan ahead or backtrack. Once they commit to an incorrect path, they either hallucinate unsupported edges or terminate with irrelevant conclusions. In contrast, latent reasoning avoids such premature commitments by enabling the model to iteratively refine its decisions across multiple reasoning steps. This flexibility allows the model to progressively eliminate incorrect options and converge on the correct answer, ultimately resulting in higher accuracy. + +## **4.3 Interpreting the Latent Reasoning as Tree Search** + +To better understand Coconut, we probe the latent reasoning process by forcing the model to explicitly generate language reasoning steps following intermediate continuous thoughts (Figure 5). Using the example presented in Figure 4, at the initial reasoning step, the model must select which immediate child node of “Alex” to consider next, specifically from the set {“lempus”, “sterpus”, “zhorpus”, “grimpus”}. The distribution over these candidate next steps is visualized in Figure 5, left. In the subsequent reasoning step, these nodes expand further into an extended set of potential paths, including all grandchildren of “Alex” (Figure 5, right). + +6 + +**Figure 4** A case study of ProsQA. The model trained with _CoT_ hallucinates an edge ( _Every yumpus is a rempus_ ) after getting stuck in a dead end. Coconut (k=1) outputs a path that ends with an irrelevant node. Coconut (k=2) solves the problem correctly. + +**Figure 5** An illustration of the latent search trees. The example is the same test case as in Figure 4. The height of a node (denoted as _h_ in the figure) is defined as the longest distance to any leaf nodes in the graph. We show the probability of the first concept predicted by the model following latent thoughts (e.g., “lempus” in the left figure). It is calculated as the multiplication of the probability of all tokens within the concept conditioned on previous context (omitted in the figure for brevity). This metric can be interpreted as an implicit value function estimated by the model, assessing the potential of each node leading to the correct answer. + +We define the predicted probability of a concept following continuous thoughts as a value function (Figure 5), estimating each node’s potential for reaching the correct target. Interestingly, the reasoning strategy employed by Coconut is not greedy search: while “lempus” initially has the highest value (0.33) at the first reasoning step (Figure 5, left), the model subsequently assigns the highest value (0.87) to “rorpus,” a child of “grimpus,” rather than following “lempus” (Figure 5, right). This characteristic resembles a breadth-first search (BFS) approach, contrasting sharply with the greedy decoding typical of traditional CoT methods. The inherent capability of continuous representations to encode multiple candidate paths enables the model to avoid making immediate deterministic decisions. Importantly, this tree search pattern is not limited to the illustrated example, but constitutes a fundamental mechanism underlying the consistent improvement observed with larger values of _k_ in Coconut. + +Figure 6 presents an analysis of the parallelism in the model’s latent reasoning across the first and second thoughts. For the first thoughts (left panel), the cumulative values of the top-1, top-2, and top-3 candidate nodes are computed and plotted against their respective percentiles across the test set. The noticeable gaps between the three lines indicate that the model maintains significant diversity in its reasoning paths at this + +7 + +**Figure 6** Analysis of parallelism in the first two steps of the latent tree search. The three curves in each panel depict the cumulative value of the top-1, top-2, and top-3 candidate nodes. + +stage, suggesting a broad exploration of alternative possibilities. In contrast, the second thoughts (right panel) show a narrowing of these gaps. This trend suggests that the model transitions from parallel exploration to more focused reasoning in the second latent reasoning step, likely as it gains more certainty about the most promising paths. + +## **4.4 Why is Latent Space Better for Planning?** + +Building upon the tree search perspective, we further examine why latent reasoning benefits planning tasks—specifically, why maintaining multiple candidate paths and postponing deterministic decisions enhances reasoning performance. Our hypothesis is that nodes explored in the early reasoning stages are inherently more challenging to evaluate accurately because they are farther from the final target nodes. In contrast, nodes positioned closer to potential targets, having fewer subsequent exploration possibilities, can be assessed accurately with higher confidence. + +To systematically test this, we define the height of a node as its shortest distance to any leaf node and analyze the relationship between node height and the model’s estimated value. Ideally, a correct node—one that can lead to the target node—should receive a high estimated value, whereas an incorrect node—one that cannot lead to the target node—should receive a low value. Empirical results across the test set (Figure 7) support our hypothesis: nodes with lower heights consistently receive more accurate and definitive probability evaluations. Conversely, nodes with greater heights exhibit more ambiguous evaluations, reflecting increased uncertainty. + +These findings underscore the advantage of latent space reasoning. By delaying deterministic decisions and allowing exploration to proceed toward terminal states, latent reasoning significantly enhances the model’s ability to differentiate correct paths from incorrect ones, thereby improving performance on complex, planning-intensive tasks compared to traditional greedy methods. + +## **5 Empirical Results with Coconut** + +After analyzing the promising parallel search pattern of Coconut, we validate the feasibility of LLM reasoning in a continuous latent space through more comprehensive experiments, highlighting its better reasoning efficiency over language space, + +**Figure 7** The correlation between the predicted value of correct/incorrect nodes and their heights. + +8 + +|Method|GSM8k
ProntoQA
ProsQA| +|---|---| +||Acc. (%)
# Tokens
Acc. (%)
# Tokens
Acc. (%)
# Tokens| +|CoT|42.9 _±_0.2
25.0
98.8 _±_0.8
92.5
77.5 _±_1.9
49.4| +|No-CoT
iCoT
Pause Token|16.5 _±_0.5
2.2
93.8 _±_0.7
3.0
76.7 _±_1.0
8.2
30.0_∗_
2.2
99.8 _±_0.3
3.0
98.2 _±_0.3
8.2
16.4 _±_1.8
2.2
77.7 _±_21.0
3.0
75.9 _±_0.7
8.2| +|Coconut (Ours)
- _w/o curriculum_
- _w/o thought_
- _pause as thought_|34.1 _±_1.5
8.2
99.8 _±_0.2
9.0
97.0 _±_0.3
14.2
14.4 _±_0.8
8.2
52.4 _±_0.4
9.0
76.1 _±_0.2
14.2
21.6 _±_0.5
2.3
99.9 _±_0.1
3.0
95.5 _±_1.1
8.2
24.1 _±_0.7
2.2
100.0 _±_0.1
3.0
96.6 _±_0.8
8.2| + + + +**Table 1** Results on three datasets: GSM8k, ProntoQA and ProsQA. Higher accuracy indicates stronger reasoning ability, while generating fewer tokens indicates better efficiency. _[∗]_ The result is from Deng et al. (2024). + +as well as its potential to enhance the model’s expressivity with test-time scaling. + +## **5.1 Experimental Setup** + +**Math Reasoning.** We use GSM8k (Cobbe et al., 2021) as the dataset for math reasoning. It consists of grade school-level math problems. To train the model, we use a synthetic dataset generated by Deng et al. (2023). We use two continuous thoughts for each reasoning step (i.e., _c_ = 2). The model goes through 3 stages besides the initial stage. We then include an additional stage where still 3 _× c_ continuous thoughts are used as in the previous stage, but with all the remaining language reasoning chain removed. This handles the long-tail distribution of reasoning chains longer than 3 steps. We train the model for 6 epochs in the initial stage, and 3 epochs in each remaining stage. + +**Logical Reasoning.** Logical reasoning involves the proper application of known conditions to prove or disprove a conclusion using logical rules. We use the ProntoQA (Saparov and He, 2022) dataset, and our newly proposed ProsQA dataset, which is more challenging due to more distracting branches. We use one continuous thought for every reasoning step (i.e., _c_ = 1). The model goes through 6 training stages in addition to the initial stage, because the maximum number of reasoning steps is 6 in these two datasets. The model then fully reasons with continuous thoughts to solve the problems in the last stage. We train the model for 5 epochs per stage. + +For all datasets, after the standard schedule, the model stays in the final training stage, until reaching 50 epochs. We select the checkpoint based on the accuracy on the validation set. For inference, we manually set the number of continuous thoughts to be consistent with their final training stage. We use greedy decoding for all experiments. + +## **5.2 Baselines and Variants of Coconut** + +We consider the following baselines: (1) _CoT_ , and (2) _No-CoT_ , which were introduced in Section 4. (3) _iCoT_ (Deng et al., 2024): The model is trained with language reasoning chains and follows a carefully designed schedule that “internalizes” CoT. As the training goes on, tokens at the beginning of the reasoning chain are gradually removed until only the answer remains. During inference, the model directly predicts the answer. (4) _Pause token_ (Goyal et al., 2023): The model is trained using only the question and answer without a reasoning chain. However, different from _No-CoT_ , special tokens are inserted between the question and answer, which provides the model with additional computational capacity to derive the answer. The number of tokens is set the same as continuous thoughts in Coconut. + +We also evaluate some variants of Coconut: (1) _w/o curriculum_ , which directly trains the model in the last stage. The model uses continuous thoughts to solve the whole problem. (2) _w/o thought_ : We keep the multi-stage training, but don’t add any continuous latent thoughts. While this is similar to _iCoT_ in the high-level idea, the exact training schedule is set to be consistent with Coconut, instead of _iCoT_ , for a strict + +9 + +comparison. (3) _Pause as thought_ : We use special tokens to replace the continuous thoughts, and apply the same multi-stage training curriculum as Coconut. + +## **5.3 Results and Discussion** + +We show the overall results in Table 1. Using continuous thoughts effectively enhances LLM reasoning over the No-CoT baseline. For example, by using 6 continuous thoughts, Coconut achieves 34.1% accuracy on GSM8k, which significantly outperforms _No-CoT_ (16.5%). We highlight several key findings below. + +## **“Chaining” continuous thoughts enhances reasoning.** Language CoT + +proves to increase the effective depth of LLMs and enhance their expressiveness (Feng et al., 2023). Thus, generating more tokens serves as a way to inference-time scaling for reasoning (Guo et al., 2025; Snell et al., 2024). This desirable property holds naturally for Coconut too. On GSM8k, Coconut outperformed other architectures trained with similar strategies, including Coconut ( _pause as thought_ ) and Coconut ( _w/o thought_ ). Particularly, it surpasses the latest baseline _iCoT_ (Deng et al., 2024), which requires a more carefully designed training schedule. + +Additionally, we experimented with adjusting the hyperparameter _c_ , which controls the number of latent thoughts corresponding to one language reasoning step (Figure 8, II). As we increased _c_ from 0 to 1 to 2, the model’s performance steadily improved.[2] This further validates the potential of continuous thoughts to scale up to harder problems. In two other synthetic tasks, we found that the variants of Coconut ( _w/o thoughts_ or _pause as thought_ ), and the _iCoT_ baseline also achieve impressive accuracy. This indicates that the model’s computational capacity may not be the bottleneck in these tasks. In contrast, GSM8k involves more complex contextual understanding and modeling, placing higher demands on computational capability. + +**Figure 8** Efficiency comparison of reasoning space and Coconut with different _c_ . + +## **Continuous thoughts are efficient representations of rea-** + +**soning.** Compared to traditional CoT, Coconut generates fewer tokens while achieving higher accuracy on ProntoQA and ProsQA (Table 1). Although Coconut does not surpass _CoT_ on GSM8k, it offers a superior trade-off between reasoning efficiency and accuracy (Figure 8, I). To illustrate this, we train a series of CoT models that progressively “internalize” (Deng et al., 2024) the initial _m_ = _{_ 0 _,_ 1 _,_ 2 _,_ 3 _,_ ALL _}_ reasoning steps, and plot their accuracy versus the number of generated tokens (labeled as “language” in the figure). These models quickly lose accuracy as more reasoning steps are skipped. In contrast, by applying Coconut training strategy—replacing each language reasoning step with two continuous thoughts—the accuracy drop is substantially mitigated, maintaining higher performance even when fewer tokens are generated. Another interesting observation is that, when we decode the first continuous thought, it often corresponds to possible intermediate variables in the calculation (Figure 9). This also suggests that the continuous thoughts are more efficient representations of reasoning. + +**Figure 9** Decoding a continuous thought into language tokens in a math word problem. The decoded tokens correspond to intermediate variables that help solve the problem. + +> 2We discuss the case of larger _c_ in Appendix C.1. + +10 + +**The LLM still needs guidance to learn latent reasoning.** In the ideal case, the model should learn the most effective continuous thoughts automatically through gradient descent on questions and answers (i.e., Coconut _w/o curriculum_ ). However, from the experimental results, we found the models trained this way do not perform any better than no-CoT. + +On the contrary, with the multi-stage curriculum, Coconut is able to achieve top performance across various tasks. The multi-stage training also integrates well with pause tokens (Coconut- _pause as thought_ ). Despite using the same architecture and similar multi-stage training objectives, we observed a small gap between the performance of _iCoT_ and Coconut ( _w/o thoughts_ ). The finer-grained removal schedule (token by token) and a few other tricks in _iCoT_ may ease the training process. We leave combining _iCoT_ and Coconut as future work. While the multi-stage training used for Coconut has proven effective, further research is definitely needed to develop better and more general strategies for learning reasoning in latent space, especially without the supervision from language reasoning chains. + +## **6 Conclusion** + +In this paper, we introduce Coconut, a new paradigm for reasoning in continuous latent space. Experiments demonstrate that Coconut effectively enhances LLM performance across a variety of reasoning tasks. Reasoning in latent space gives rise to advanced emergent behaviors, where continuous thoughts can represent multiple alternative next steps. 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Emergence of superposition: Unveiling the training dynamics of chain of continuous thought. _arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.23365_ , 2025a. + +- Hanlin Zhu, Shibo Hao, Zhiting Hu, Jiantao Jiao, Stuart Russell, and Yuandong Tian. Reasoning by superposition: A theoretical perspective on chain of continuous thought. _arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.12514_ , 2025b. + +14 + +## **Appendix** + +## **A Datasets** + +## **A.1 Examples** + +We provide some examples of the questions and CoT solutions for the datasets used in our experiments. + +## GSM8k + +Question = "John cuts his grass to 2 inches. It grows .5 inches per month. When it gets to 4 inches he cuts it back down to 2 inches. It cost $100 to get his grass cut. How much does he pay per year?" + +Steps = ["«4-2=2»", "«2/.5=4»", "«12/4=3»", "«100*3=300»"] Answer = "300" + +## ProntoQA + +Question = "Brimpuses are not luminous. Shumpuses are amenable. Each yumpus is a lorpus. Gorpuses are shumpuses. Each zumpus is a grimpus. Gorpuses are rompuses. Dumpuses are not floral. Lempuses are cold. Brimpuses are impuses. Every lorpus is floral. Every rompus is transparent. Grimpuses are muffled. Rompuses are yumpuses. Rompuses are wumpuses. Zumpuses are fast. Wumpuses are bitter. Every sterpus is orange. Each lorpus is a vumpus. Yumpuses are feisty. Each yumpus is a lempus. Gorpuses are snowy. Zumpuses are gorpuses. Every lorpus is a sterpus. Stella is a brimpus. Stella is a zumpus. True or false: Stella is not floral." + +Steps = ["Stella is a zumpus. Zumpuses are gorpuses.", "Stella is a gorpus. Gorpuses are rompuses.", "Stella is a rompus. Rompuses are yumpuses.", "Stella is a yumpus. Each yumpus is a lorpus.", "Stella is a lorpus. Every lorpus is floral.", "Stella is floral."] Answer = "False" + +## ProsQA + +Question = "Every shumpus is a rempus. Every shumpus is a yimpus. Every terpus is a fompus. Every terpus is a gerpus. Every gerpus is a brimpus. Alex is a rempus. Every rorpus is a scrompus. Every rorpus is a yimpus. Every terpus is a brimpus. Every brimpus is a lempus. Tom is a terpus. Every shumpus is a timpus. Every yimpus is a boompus. Davis is a shumpus. Every gerpus is a lorpus. Davis is a fompus. Every shumpus is a boompus. Every shumpus is a rorpus. Every terpus is a lorpus. Every boompus is a timpus. Every fompus is a yerpus. Tom is a dumpus. Every rempus is a rorpus. Is Tom a lempus or scrompus?" + +Steps = ["Tom is a terpus.", "Every terpus is a brimpus.", "Every brimpus is a lempus."] Answer = "Tom is a lempus." + +## **A.2 Construction of ProsQA** + +To construct the dataset, we first compile a set of typical entity names, such as “Alex” and “Jack,” along with fictional concept names like “lorpus” and “rorpus,” following the setting of ProntoQA (Saparov and He, 2022). Each problem is structured as a binary question: “Is [Entity] a [Concept A] or [Concept B]?” Assuming [Concept A] is the correct answer, we build a directed acyclic graph (DAG) where each node represents an entity or a concept. The graph is constructed such that a path exists from [Entity] to [Concept A] but not to [Concept B]. + +Algorithm 1 describes the graph construction process. The DAG is incrementally built by adding nodes and randomly connecting them with edges. To preserve the validity of the binary choice, with some probability, we + +15 + +|# Nodes|# Edges|Len. of Shortest Path|# Shortest Paths| +|---|---|---|---| +||||| +|23.0|36.0|3.8|1.6| + + + +**Table 2** Statistics of the graph structure in ProsQA. + +enforce that the new node cannot simultaneously serve as a descendant to both node 0 and 1. This separation maintains distinct families of nodes and balances their sizes to prevent model shortcuts. + +After the graph is constructed, nodes without parents are assigned entity names, while other nodes receive concept names. To formulate a question of the form “Is [Entity] a [Concept A] or [Concept B]?”, we designate node 0 in the graph as [Entity], a leaf node labeled 1 as [Concept A], and a leaf node labeled 2 as [Concept B]. This setup ensures a path from [Entity] to [Concept A] without any connection to [Concept B], introducing a moderately complex reasoning path. Finally, to avoid positional biases, [Concept A] and [Concept B] are randomly permuted in each question. + +**Algorithm 1** Graph Construction for ProsQA + +_edges ←{} nodes ←{_ 0 _,_ 1 _} labels ←{_ 0 : 1 _,_ 1 : 2 _} ▷_ Labels: 1 (descendant of node 0), 2 (descendant of node 1), 3 (both), 0 (neither). _groups ←{_ 0 : _{},_ 1 : _{_ 0 _},_ 2 : _{_ 1 _},_ 3 : _{}} idx ←_ 2 **while** _idx < N_ **do** _▷_ For each new node, randomly add edges from existing nodes _n_ in_ nodes ←_ poisson(1 _._ 5) _rand ←_ random() **if** _rand ≤_ 0 _._ 35 **then** _candidates ← groups_ [0] _∪ groups_ [1] _▷_ Cannot be a descendant of node 1. **else if** _rand ≤_ 0 _._ 7 **then** _candidates ← groups_ [0] _∪ groups_ [2] _▷_ Cannot be a descendant of node 0. **else** _candidates ← nodes_ **end if** _n_ in_ nodes ←_ min(len( _candidates_ ) _, n_ in_ nodes_ ) _weights ←_ [depth_to_root( _c_ ) _·_ 1 _._ 5 + 1 _∀c ∈ candidates_ ] _▷_ Define sampling weights to prioritize deeper nodes. _▷_ This way, the solution reasoning chain is expected to be longer. _in_ nodes ←_ random_choice( _candidates, n_ in_ nodes,_ prob = _weights/_ sum( _weights_ )) _cur_ label ←_ 0 **for** _in_ idx ∈ in_ nodes_ **do** _cur_ label ← cur_ label | labels_ [ _in_ idx_ ] _▷_ Update label using bitwise OR. _edges._ append(( _in_ idx, idx_ )) **end for** _groups_ [ _cur_ label_ ] _._ append( _idx_ ) _labels_ [ _idx_ ] _← cur_ label nodes ← nodes ∪{idx} idx ← idx_ + 1 **end while** + +## **A.3 Statistics** + +We show the size of all datasets in Table 3. + +16 + +|Dataset|Training|Validation|Test| +|---|---|---|---| +||||| +|GSM8k
ProntoQA
ProsQA|385,620
9,000
17,886|500
200
300|1319
800
500| + + + +**Table 3** Statistics of the datasets. + +## **B Clock-Time Reasoning Efficiency Metric** + +We present a clock-time comparison to evaluate reasoning efficiency. The reported values represent the average inference time per test case (in seconds), with a batch size of 1, measured on an Nvidia A100 GPU. For the no-CoT and CoT baselines, we employ the standard generate method from the transformers[3] library. Our results show that clock time is generally proportional to the number of newly generated tokens, as detailed in Table 1. + +|Method|GSM8k|ProntoQA|ProsQA| +|---|---|---|---| +|No-CoT|0.03|0.03|0.08| +|CoT|0.26|0.85|0.47| +|Coconut|0.09|0.11|0.15| + + + +**Table 4** Inference time (in seconds) comparison across tasks and methods. + +## **C More Discussion** + +## **C.1 Using More Continuous Thoughts** + +In Figure 8 (II), we present the performance of Coconut on GSM8k using _c ∈{_ 0 _,_ 1 _,_ 2 _}_ . When experimenting with _c_ = 3, we observe a slight performance drop accompanied by increased variance. Analysis of the training logs indicates that adding three continuous thoughts at once – particularly during the final stage transition – leads to a sharp spike in training loss, causing instability. Future work will explore finer-grained schedules, such as incrementally adding continuous thoughts one at a time while removing fewer language tokens, as in iCoT (Deng et al., 2024). Additionally, combining language and latent reasoning—e.g., generating the reasoning skeleton in language and completing the reasoning process in latent space—could provide a promising direction for improving performance and stability. + +## **C.2 Coconut with Larger Models** + +We experimented with Coconut on GSM8k using Llama 3.2-3B and Llama 3-8B (Dubey et al., 2024) with _c_ = 1. We train them for 3 epochs in Stage 0, followed by 1 epoch per subsequent stage. The results are shown in Table 5. + +|**Model**||**no-CoT**|**Coconut (Ours)**| +|---|---|---|---| +|Llama|3.2-3B|26.0|31.7| +|Llama|3-8B|42.2|43.6| + + + +**Table 5** Experimental results of applying Coconut to larger Llama models. We report performance comparisons between models without CoT reasoning (no-CoT) and our proposed Coconut method. + +We observe consistent performance gains across both Llama 3.2-3B and Llama 3-8B models compared to the no-CoT baseline, though these improvements are not as pronounced as those previously demonstrated + +> 3https://github.com/huggingface/transformers + +17 + +with GPT-2. One possible reason is that larger models have already undergone extensive language-focused pre-training, making the transition to latent reasoning more challenging. + +We emphasize that the primary goal of this paper is to highlight the promising attributes of latent-space reasoning and to initiate exploration in this new direction. Universally surpassing language-based CoT likely requires significant research efforts dedicated to **latent space pre-training** . We are encouraged by recent progress in this area (Geiping et al., 2025; Barrault et al., 2024; Gladstone et al., 2025). While these recent models provide scalable methods for latent representation learning, the latent spaces have not yet been explicitly optimized for reasoning. Integrating these recent advancements with Coconut presents an exciting and promising avenue for future research. + +18 + diff --git a/docs/papers/2412.09871v1.md b/docs/papers/2412.09871v1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d374615 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/papers/2412.09871v1.md @@ -0,0 +1,745 @@ +## **Byte Latent Transformer: Patches Scale Better Than Tokens** + +**Artidoro Pagnoni** , **Ram Pasunuru** _[‡]_ , **Pedro Rodriguez** _[‡]_ , **John Nguyen** _[‡]_ , **Benjamin Muller** , **Margaret Li**[1] _[,][⋄]_ , **Chunting Zhou** _[⋄]_ , **Lili Yu** , **Jason Weston** , **Luke Zettlemoyer** , **Gargi Ghosh** , **Mike Lewis** , **Ari Holtzman** _[†][,]_[2] _[,][⋄]_ , **Srinivasan Iyer** _[†]_ + +FAIR at Meta,[1] Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, 2University of Chicago + +> _‡_ Joint second author, _†_ Joint last author, _⋄_ Work done at Meta + +We introduce the Byte Latent Transformer (BLT), a new byte-level LLM architecture that, for the first time, matches tokenization-based LLM performance at scale with significant improvements in inference efficiency and robustness. BLT encodes bytes into dynamically sized patches, which serve as the primary units of computation. Patches are segmented based on the entropy of the next byte, allocating more compute and model capacity where increased data complexity demands it. We present the first flop controlled scaling study of byte-level models up to 8B parameters and 4T training bytes. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of scaling models trained on raw bytes without a fixed vocabulary. Both training and inference efficiency improve due to dynamically selecting long patches when data is predictable, along with qualitative improvements on reasoning and long tail generalization. Overall, for fixed inference costs, BLT shows significantly better scaling than tokenization-based models, by simultaneously growing both patch and model size. + +**Date:** December 16, 2024 + +**Correspondence:** artidoro at cs.washington.edu, sviyer at meta.com **Code:** https://github.com/facebookresearch/blt + +## **1 Introduction** + +We introduce the Byte Latent Transformer ( **BLT** ), a tokenizer-free architecture that learns from raw byte data and, for the first time, matches the performance of tokenization-based models at scale, with significant improvements in efficiency and robustness (§6). Existing large language models (llms) are trained almost entirely end-to-end, except for tokenization—a heuristic pre-processing step that groups bytes into a static set of tokens. Such tokens bias how a string is compressed, leading to shortcomings such as domain/modality sensitivity (Dagan et al., 2024), sensitivity to input noise (§6), a lack of orthographic knowledge (Edman et al., 2024), and multilingual inequity (Liang et al., 2023; Petrov et al., 2024; Limisiewicz et al., 2024). + +Tokenization has previously been essential because directly training llms on bytes is prohibitively costly at scale due to long sequence lengths (Xue et al., 2022). Prior works mitigate this by employing more efficient self-attention (El Boukkouri et al., 2020; Clark et al., 2022) or attention-free architectures (Wang et al., 2024) (§8). However, this primarily helps train _small models_ . At scale, the computational cost of a Transformer is dominated by large feed-forward network layers that run on every byte, not the cost of the attention mechanism. + +To efficiently allocate compute, we propose a dynamic, learnable method for grouping bytes into _patches_ (§2) and a new model architecture that mixes byte and patch information. Unlike tokenization, BLT has no fixed vocabulary for patches. Arbitrary groups of bytes are mapped to latent patch representations via light-weight learned encoder and decoder modules. We show that this results in _more_ efficient allocation of compute than tokenization-based models. + +Tokenization-based llms allocate the same amount of compute to every token. This trades efficiency for performance, since tokens are induced with compression heuristics that are not always correlated with the + +1 + +**==> picture [472 x 166] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+BPB vs Training Bytes at Fixed Inference FLOPs BPB vs Training Bytes at Fixed Inference FLOPs
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+ + +**Figure 1** Scaling trends for fixed inference flop models (fully) trained with varying training budgets. In token-based models, a fixed inference budget determines the model size. In contrast, the BLT architecture provides a new scaling axis allowing simultaneous increases in model and patch size while keeping the same training and inference budget. BLT patch-size (ps) 6 and 8 models quickly overtake scaling trends of bpe Llama 2 and 3. Moving to the larger inference budget makes the larger patch size 8 model more desirable sooner. Both BPE compute-optimal point and crossover point are indicated with vertical lines. + +complexity of predictions. Central to our architecture is the idea that models should dynamically allocate compute where it is needed. For example, a large transformer is not needed to predict the ending of most words, since these are comparably easy, low-entropy decisions compared to choosing the first word of a new sentence. This is reflected in BLT’s architecture (§3) where there are three transformer blocks: two small byte-level _local models_ and a large global _latent transformer_ (Figure 2). To determine how to group bytes into patches and therefore how to dynamically allocate compute, BLT segments data based on the entropy of the next-byte prediction creating contextualized groupings of bytes with relatively uniform information density. + +We present the first flop-controlled scaling study of byte-level models up to 8B parameters and 4T training bytes, showing that we can train a model end-to-end at scale from bytes without fixed-vocabulary tokenization. Overall, BLT matches training flop-controlled performance[1] of Llama 3 while using up to 50% fewer flops at inference (§5). We also show that directly working with raw bytes provides significant improvements in modeling the long-tail of the data. BLT models are more robust than tokenizer-based models to noisy inputs and display enhanced character level understanding abilities demonstrated on orthographic knowledge, phonology, and low-resource machine translation tasks (§6). Finally, with BLT models, we can simultaneously increase model size and patch size while maintaining the same inference flop budget. Longer patch sizes, on average, save compute which can be reallocated to grow the size of the global latent transformer, because it is run less often. We conduct inference-flop controlled scaling experiments (Figure 1), and observe significantly better scaling trends than with tokenization-based architectures. + +In summary, this paper makes the following contributions: 1) We introduce BLT, a byte latent llm architecture that dynamically allocates compute to improve flop efficiency, 2) We show that we achieve training flopcontrolled parity with Llama 3 up to 8B scale while having the option to trade minor losses in evaluation metrics for flop efficiency gains of up to 50%, 3) BLT models unlock a new dimension for scaling llms, where model size can now be scaled while maintaining a fixed-inference budget, 4) We demonstrate the improved robustness of BLT models to input noise and their awareness of sub-word aspects of input data that token-based llms miss. We release the training and inference code for BLT at https://github.com/facebookresearch/blt. + +## **2 Patching: From Individual Bytes to Groups of Bytes** + +Segmenting bytes into _patches_ allows BLT to dynamically allocate compute based on context. Figure 3 shows several different methods for segmenting bytes into patches. Formally, a patching function _fp_ segments a + +> 1We calculate the computational cost of a model by counting the number of Floating Point OPerations (flops) needed. + +2 + +**==> picture [406 x 261] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+B e t t e r _ t h a n _ B P E !
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+ + +**Figure 2** BLT comprises three modules, a lightweight _Local Encoder_ that encodes input bytes into patch representations, a computationally expensive Latent Transformer over patch representations, and a lightweight _Local Decoder_ to decode the next patch of bytes. BLT incorporates byte _n_ -gram embeddings and a cross-attention mechanism to maximize information flow between the Latent Transformer and the byte-level modules (Figure 5). Unlike fixed-vocabulary tokenization, BLT dynamically groups bytes into patches preserving access to the byte-level information. + +sequence of bytes _**x**_ = _{xi, |i_ = 1 _, . . . n}_ of length _n_ into a sequence of _m < n_ patches _**p**_ = _{pj|j_ = 1 _, . . . , m}_ by mapping each _xi_ to the set {0,1} where 1 indicates the start of a new patch. For both token-based and patch-based models, the computational cost of processing data is primarily determined by the number of steps executed by the main Transformer. In BLT, this is the number of patches needed to encode the data with a given patching function. Consequently, the average size of a patch, or simply _patch size_ , is the main factor for determining the cost of processing data during both training and inference with a given patching function (§4.5). Next, we introduce three patching functions: patching with a fixed number of bytes per patch (§2.1), whitespace patching (§2.2), and dynamically patching with entropies from a small byte lm (§2.3). Finally, we discuss incremental patching and how tokenization is different from patching (§2.4). + +## **2.1 Strided Patching Every K Bytes** + +Perhaps the most straightforward way to group bytes is into patches of fixed size _k_ as done in MegaByte (Yu et al., 2023). The fixed stride is easy to implement for training and inference, provides a straightforward mechanism for changing the average patch size, and therefore makes it easy to control the flop cost. However, this patching function comes with significant downsides. First, compute is not dynamically allocated to where it is needed most: one could be either wasting a transformer step _j_ if only predicting whitespace in code, or not allocating sufficient compute for bytes dense with information such as math. Second, this leads to inconsistent and non-contextual patching of similar byte sequences, such as the same word being split differently. + +3 + +**Figure 3** Patching schemes group bytes in different ways, each leading to a different number of resulting patches. Since each patch is processed using a large transformer step, the number of patches directly determines the bulk of the compute expended in terms of flops. These schemes group bytes into patches by (a) striding every four bytes (§2.1) as in MegaByte (Yu et al., 2023), (b) tokenizing with Byte-Pair Encoding (bpe), in this case the Llama-3 (Dubey et al., 2024) tokenizer, (c & d) entropy-based patching as in this work (§2.3), (e) patching on space-bytes (Slagle, 2024), (f) and patching on entropy using a small CNN byte-level model with 2-byte context. + +**==> picture [465 x 68] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
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+ + +**Figure 4** This figure plots the entropy _H_ ( _xi_ ) of each byte in “Daenerys Targeryen is in Game of Thrones, a fantasy epic by George R.R. Martin.” with spaces shown as underscores. Patches end when _H_ ( _xi_ ) exceeds the global threshold _θg_ , shown as a red horizontal line. The start of new patches are shown with vertical gray lines. For example, the entropies of “G” and “e” in “George R.R. Martin” exceed _θg_ , so “G” is the start of a single byte patch and “e” of a larger patch extending to the end of the named entity as the entropy _H_ ( _xi_ ) stays low, resulting in no additional patches. + +## **2.2 Space Patching** + +Slagle (2024) proposes a simple yet effective improvement over strided patching that creates new patches after any space-like bytes[2] which are natural boundaries for linguistic units in many languages. In Space patching, a latent transformer step (i.e., more flops) is allocated to model every word. This ensures words are patched in the same way across sequences and that flops are allocated for hard predictions which often follow spaces. For example, predicting the first byte of the answer to the question “Who composed the Magic Flute? ” is much harder than predicting the remaining bytes after “M” since the first character significantly reduces the number of likely choices, making the completion “Mozart” comparatively easy to predict. However, space patching cannot gracefully handle all languages and domains, and most importantly cannot vary the patch size. Next, we introduce a new patching method that uses the insight that the first bytes in words are typically most difficult to predict, but that provides a natural mechanism for controlling patch size. + +## **2.3 Entropy Patching: Using Next-Byte Entropies from a Small Byte LM** + +Rather than relying on a rule-based heuristic such as whitespace, we instead take a data-driven approach to identify high uncertainty next-byte predictions. We introduce _entropy patching_ , which uses entropy estimates to derive patch boundaries. + +We train a small byte-level auto-regressive language model on the training data for BLT and compute next byte entropies under the LM distribution _pe_ over the byte vocabulary _V_ : + +**==> picture [336 x 21] intentionally omitted <==** + +We experiment with two methods to identify patch boundaries given entropies _H_ ( _xi_ ). The first, finds points above a global entropy threshold, as illustrated in Figure 4. The second, identifies points that are high + +> 2Space-like bytes are defined as any byte that is not a latin character, digit, or utf-8 continuation byte. In addition, each patch must contain at least one non space-like byte. + +4 + +relative to the previous entropy. The second approach can also be interpreted as identifying points that break approximate monotonically decreasing entropy withing the patch. + +Global Constraint _H_ ( _xt_ ) _> θg_ Approx. Monotonic Constraint _H_ ( _xt_ ) _− H_ ( _xt−_ 1) _> θr_ + +Patch boundaries are identified during a lightweight preprocessing step executed during dataloading. This is different from Nawrot et al. (2023) where classifier is trained to predict entropy-based patch boundaries. In our experiments (§4), we compare these two methods for distinguishing between low and high entropy bytes. + +## **2.4 The Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) Tokenizer and Incremental Patching** + +Many modern llms, including our baseline Llama 3, use a subword tokenizer like bpe (Gage, 1994; Sennrich et al., 2016). We use “tokens” to refer to byte-groups drawn from a _finite_ vocabulary determined prior to training as opposed to “patches” which refer to dynamically grouped sequences without a fixed vocabulary. A critical difference between patches and tokens is that with tokens, the model has no direct access to the underlying byte features. + +A crucial improvement of BLT over tokenization-based models is that redefines the trade off between the vocabulary size and compute. In standard llms, increasing the size of the vocabulary means larger tokens on average and therefore fewer steps for the model but also larger output dimension for the final projection layer of the model. This trade off effectively leaves little room for tokenization based approaches to achieve significant variations in token size and inference cost. For example, Llama 3 increases the average token size from 3.7 to 4.4 bytes at the cost of increasing the size of its embedding table 4x compared to Llama 2. + +When generating, BLT needs to decide whether the current step in the byte sequence is at a patch boundary or not as this determines whether more compute is invoked via the Latent Transformer. This decision needs to occur independently of the rest of the sequence which has yet to be generated. Thus patching cannot assume access to future bytes in order to choose how to segment the byte sequence. Formally, a patching scheme _fp_ satisfies the property of incremental patching if it satisfies: + +## _fp_ ( _**x** 3Using a special delimiter token to indicate patch boundaries can turn bpe into an incremental patching scheme but increases the byte-sequence length. + +5 + +## **3.2 Local Encoder** + +_The Local Encoder Model_ , denoted by _E_ , is a lightweight transformer-based model with _lE << lG_ layers, whose main role is to efficiently map a sequence of input bytes _bi_ , into expressive patch representations, _pj_ . A primary departure from the transformer architecture is the addition of a cross-attention layer after each transformer layer, whose function is to pool byte representations into patch representations (Figure 5). First, the input sequence of bytes, _bi_ , are embedded using a R[256] _[×][h][E]_ matrix, denoted as _xi_ . These embeddings are then optionally augmented with additional information in the form of hash-embeddings (§3.2.1). A series of alternating transformer and cross-attention layers (§3.2.2) then transform these representations into patch representations, _pi_ that are processed by the global transformer, _G_ . The transformer layers use a _local block causal_ attention mask; each byte attends to a fixed window of _wE_ preceding bytes that in general can cross the dynamic patch boundaries but can not cross document boundaries. The following subsections describe details about the embeddings and the cross-attention block. + +## **3.2.1 Encoder Hash n-gram Embeddings** + +A key component in creating robust, expressive representations at each step _i_ is to incorporate information about the preceding bytes. In BLT, we achieve this by modeling both the byte _bi_ individually _and_ as part of a byte n-gram. For each step _i_ , we first construct byte-grams + +**==> picture [286 x 11] intentionally omitted <==** + +for each byte position _i_ and _n_ from three to eight.[4] + +We then introduce hash _n_ -gram embeddings, that map all byte _n_ -grams via a hash function to an index in an embedding table _En[hash]_ with a fixed size, for each size _n ∈{_ 3 _,_ 4 _,_ 5 _,_ 6 _,_ 7 _,_ 8 _}_ (Bai et al., 2010). The resulting embedding is then added to the embedding of the byte before being normalized and passed as input to the local encoder model. We calculate the augmented embedding + +**==> picture [349 x 40] intentionally omitted <==** + +We normalize _ei_ by the number of _n_ -grams sizes plus one and use RollPolyHash as defined in Appendix C. In Section 7, we ablate the effects of _n_ -gram hash embeddings with different values for _n_ and embedding table size on flop-controlled scaling law trends. In addition to hash _n_ -gram embeddings, we also experimented with frequency based _n_ -gram embeddings, and we provide details of this exploration in Appendix D. + +## **3.2.2 Encoder Multi-Headed Cross-Attention** + +We closely follow the input cross-attention module of the Perceiver architecture (Jaegle et al., 2021), with the main difference being that latent representations correspond to variable patch representations as opposed to a fixed set of latent representations (Figure 5), and only attend to the bytes that make up the respective patch. The module comprises a query vector, corresponding to each patch _pj_ , which is initialized by pooling the byte representations corresponding to patch _pj_ , followed by a linear projection, _EC ∈_ R _[h][E][×]_[(] _[h][E][×][U][E]_[)] , where _UE_ is the number of encoder cross-attention heads. Formally, if we let _f_ bytes( _pj_ ) denote the sequence of bytes corresponding to patch, _pj_ , then we calculate + +**==> picture [363 x 71] intentionally omitted <==** + +where _P ∈_ R _[n][p][×][h][G]_ represents _np_ patch representations to be processed by the global model, which is initialized by pooling together the byte embeddings _ei_ corresponding to each patch _pj_ . _Wq_ , _Wk_ , _Wv_ and _Wo_ are the + +> 4We omit byte-grams of size _n_ or more when _i < n_ . + +6 + +**==> picture [472 x 182] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Byte Encoder Global Inputs Byte Decoder
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+ + +**Figure 5** The local encoder uses a cross-attention block with patch representations as queries, and byte representations as keys/values to encode byte representations into patch representations. The local decoder uses a similar block but with the roles reversed i.e. byte representations are now the queries and patch representations are the keys/values. Here we use Cross-Attn _k_ = 2. + +projections corresponding to the queries, keys, values, and output where the keys and values are projections of byte representations _hi_ from the previous layer ( _ei_ for the first layer). We use a masking strategy specific to patching where each query _Qj_ only attends to the keys and values that correspond to the bytes in patch _j_ . Because we use multi-headed attention over _Q, K_ and _V_ and patch representations are typically of larger dimension ( _hG_ ) than _hE_ , we maintain _Pl_ as multiple heads of dimension _hE_ when doing cross-attention, and later, concat these representations into _hG_ dimensions. Additionally, we use a pre-LayerNorm on the queries, keys and values and no positional embeddings are used in this cross-attention module. Finally, we use a residual connection around the cross-attention block. + +## **3.3 Local Decoder** + +Similar to the local encoder, the local decoder _D_ is a lightweight transformer-based model with _lD << lG_ layers, that decodes a sequence of global patch representations _oj_ , into raw bytes, _yi_ . The local decoder predicts a sequence of raw bytes, as a function of previously decoded bytes, and thus, takes as input the hidden representations produced by the local encoder for the byte-sequence. It applies a series of _lD_ alternating layers of cross attention and transformer layers. The cross-attention layer in the decoder is applied before the transformer layer to first create byte representations from the patch representations, and the local decoder transformer layer operates on the resulting byte sequence. + +## **3.3.1 Decoder Multi-headed Cross-Attention** + +In the decoder cross-attention, the roles of the queries and key/values are interchanged i.e. the byterepresentations are now the queries, and the patch representations are now the key/values. The initial byte-representations for the cross-attention are initialized as the byte embeddings from the last encoder layer i.e. _hlE_ . The subsequent byte-representations for layer _l_ , _dl,i_ are computed as: + +**==> picture [374 x 70] intentionally omitted <==** + +7 + +where once again, _Wk, Wv_ are key/value projection matrices that operate on a linear transformation and split operation _DC_ , applied to the final patch representations _oj_ from the global model, _Wq_ is a query projection matrices operating on byte representations _dl−_ 1 from the previous decoder transformer layer (or _hlE_ for the first layer), and _Wo_ is the output projection matrix, thus making _B ∈_ R _[h][D][×][n][b]_ , where _nb_ is the number of output bytes. The next decoder representations _Dl_ are computed using a decoder transformer layer on the output of the cross-attention block, _B_ . As in the local encoder cross-attention, we use multiple heads in the attention, use pre LayerNorms, no positional embeddings, and a residual connection around the cross-attention module. + +## **4 Experimental Setup** + +We carefully design controlled experiments to compare BLT with tokenization based models with particular attention to not give BLT any advantages from possibly using longer sequence contexts. + +## **4.1 Pre-training Datasets** + +All model scales that we experiment in this paper are pre-trained on two datasets: 1) The Llama 2 dataset (Touvron et al., 2023), which comprises 2 trillion tokens collected from a variety of publicly available sources, which are subsequently cleaned and filtered to improve quality; and 2) BLT-1T: A new dataset with 1 trillion tokens gathered from various public sources, and also including a subset of the pre-training data released by Datacomp-LM (Li et al., 2024). The former is used for scaling law experiments on optimal number of tokens as determined by Dubey et al. (2024) to determine the best architectural choices for BLT, while the latter is used for a complete pre-training run to compare with Llama 3 on downstream tasks. Neither of these datasets include any data gathered from Meta products or services. Furthermore, for baseline experiments for tokenizer-based models, we use the Llama 3 tokenizer with a vocabulary size of 128K tokens, which produced stronger baseline performance that the Llama 2 tokenizer in our experiments. + +## **4.2 Entropy Model** + +The entropy model in our experiments is a byte level language model trained on the same training distribution as the full BLT model. Unless otherwise mentioned, we use a transformer with 100M parameters, 14 layers, and a hidden dimensionality of 512, and sliding window attention of 512 bytes. The remaining hyperparameters are the same as in our local and global transformers. We experimented with different model sizes, receptive fields, and architectures as discussed in section 7. In particular, when the receptive field of the model is small enough, the trained entropy model can be encoded in an efficient lookup table. + +## **4.3 Entropy Threshold and Equalizing Context Length** + +For models using entropy-based patching, we estimate a patching threshold that achieves a desired average _patch size_ on the pretraining data mix. In BLT, unlike with tokenization, the _patch size_ can be arbitrarily chosen having significant implications on the context size used by the model. To maintain the same average context length and avoid giving larger patch sizes unfair advantage, we ensure that the number of bytes in each batch remains constant in expectation. This means that we reduce the sequence length of models with larger patch sizes. On Llama 2 data, we use a 8k byte context while on the BLT-1T dataset we increase the context to 16k bytes on average while maintaining the same batch size of 16M bytes on average. + +While the average batch size is constant, when loading batches of data, dynamic patching methods yield different ratios of bytes to patches. For efficiency reasons, our implementation of BLT training packs batches of patches to avoid padding steps in the more expensive latent transformer. This ensures that every batch has the same number of patches. During training we pad and possibly truncate byte sequences to 12k and 24k bytes respectively for Llama 2 and BLT-1T datasets, to avoid memory spikes from sequences with unusually large patches. + +8 + +## **4.4 Entropy Model Context** + +Empirically, we find that using entropy patching yields progressively larger patches in structured content like multiple choice tasks (see patching on an MMLU example in Figure 9) which are often very repetitive. These variations are caused by lower entropy on the repeated content found in the entropy model context. So for the large scale run of BLT-Entropy with patch size 4.5, we reset the entropy context with new lines and use approximate monontonicity constraint as it suffers less from "entropy drift" from changes in context length. This change only affects how we compute entropies, but we still follow the same procedure to identify the value of the entropy threshold. + +## **4.5 FLOPs Estimation** + +We largely follow the equations for computation of transformer flops from Chinchilla (Hoffmann et al., 2022) comprising flops for the feed-forward layers, qkvo projections in the self-attention layer, and computation of attention and output projection. A notable difference is that we assume the input embedding layer is implemented as an efficient lookup instead of a dense matrix multiplication, therefore becoming a 0-flop operation. Following previous work, we estimate that the backwards pass has twice the number of flops as the forward pass. + +To compute flops _per byte_ for BLT models, we add up the flops for the local encoder transformer, the global latent transformer, and the local decoder transformer, together with the cross attention blocks in the encoder and the decoder: + +|FLBLT|=Transf. FL(_hG, lG, m_=_nctx/np, V_ = 0)_/np_|(13)| +|---|---|---| +||+Transf. FL(_hE, lE, m_=_wE, V_ = 0)|(14)| +||+Transf. FL(_hD, lD, m_=_wD, V_ = 256)|(15)| +||+Cross Attn. FL(_hE, lE, m_=_np, r_ =_np/k_)_× k/np_|(16)| +||+Cross Attn. FL(_hD, lD, m_=_k, r_ =_k/np_)|(17)| + + + +where _nctx_ is the sequence length in bytes, _np_ is the patch size, _r_ is the ratio of queries to key/values, _k_ is the ratio of patch-dimension to byte-dimension i.e. the number of local model splits that concatenate to form a global model representation ( _k_ = 2 in Figure 5). _V_ corresponds to the vocabulary size for the output projection, which is only used in the local decoder. Depending on whether a module is applied on the byte or patch sequence, the attention uses a different context length, _m_ . We modify the attention flops accordingly for each component. The exact equations for flops computation for Transformer-FLOPs and Cross-Attention FLOPs are provided in Appendix B. + +## **4.6 Bits-Per-Byte Estimation** + +Perplexity only makes sense in the context of a fixed tokenizer as it is a measure of the uncertainty for each token. When comparing byte and token-level models, following previous work (Xue et al., 2022; Yu et al., 2023; Wang et al., 2024), we instead report Bits-Per-Byte (BPB), a tokenizer independent version of perplexity. Specifically: + +**==> picture [289 x 24] intentionally omitted <==** + +where the uncertainty over the data _**x**_ as measured by the sum of the cross-entropy loss is normalized by the total number of bytes in _**x**_ and a constant. + +## **4.7 Transformer Architecture Hyperparameters** + +For all the transformer blocks in BLT, i.e. both local and global models, we largely follow the architecture of Llama 3 (Dubey et al., 2024); we use the SwiGLU activation function (Shazeer, 2020) in the feed-forward layers, rotary positional embeddings (RoPE) (Su et al., 2021) with _θ_ = 500000 (Xiong et al., 2024) only + +9 + +**==> picture [472 x 166] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+BPB vs Training FLOPs at Compute Optimal Ratio (Space Patching) BPB vs Training FLOPs at Compute Optimal Ratio (Entropy Patching)
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+ + +**Figure 6** Scaling trends for BLT models with different architectural choices, as well as for baseline BPE token-based models. We train models at multiple scales from 1B up to 8B parameters for the optimal number of tokens as computed by Dubey et al. (2024) and report bits-per-byte on a sample from the training distribution. BLT models perform on par with state-of-the-art tokenizer-based models such as Llama 3, at scale. PS denotes patch size. We illustrate separate architecture improvements on space-patching ( **left** ) and combine them with dynamic patching ( **right** ). + +in self-attention layers, and RMSNorm (Zhang and Sennrich, 2019) for layer normalization. We use Flash attention (Dao et al., 2022) for all self-attention layers that use fixed-standard attention masks such as _block causal_ or _fixed-window block causal_ , and a window size of 512 for fixed-width attention masks. Since our cross-attention layers involve dynamic patch-dependent masks, we use Flex Attention[5] to produce fused implementations and significantly speed up training. + +## **4.8 BLT-Specific Hyperparameters** + +To study the effectiveness of BLT models, we conduct experiments along two directions, scaling trends, and downstream task evaluations, and we consider models at different scales: 400M, 1B, 2B, 4B and 8B for these experiments. The architecture hyperparameters for these models are presented in Appendix Table 10. We use max-pooling to initialize the queries for the first cross-attention layer in the local encoder. We use 500 _,_ 000 hashes with a single hash function, with n-gram sizes ranging from 3 to 8, for all BLT models. We use a learning rate of 4 _e −_ 4 for all models. The choice of matching learning rate between token and BLT models follows a hyperparameter search between 1 _e −_ 3 and 1 _e −_ 4 at 400M and 1B model scales showing the same learning rate is optimal. For scaling trends on Llama-2 data, we use training batch-sizes as recommended by Dubey et al. (2024) or its equivalent in bytes. For optimization, we use the AdamW optimizer (Loshchilov and Hutter, 2017) with _β_ 1 set to 0.9 and _β_ 2 to 0.95, with an _ϵ_ = 10 _[−]_[8] . We use a linear warm-up of 2000 steps with an cosine decay schedule of the learning rate to 0, we apply a weight decay of 0.1, and global gradient clipping at a threshold of 1.0. + +## **5 Scaling Trends** + +We present a holistic picture of the scaling trends of byte-level models that can inform further scaling of BLT models. Our scaling study aims to address the limitations of previous research on byte-level models in the following ways: (a) We compare trends for the compute-optimal training regime, (b) We train matching 8B models on non-trivial amounts of training data (up to 1T tokens/4T bytes) and evaluate on downstream tasks, and (c) We measure scaling trends in inference-cost controlled settings. In a later section, we will investigate specific advantages from modeling byte-sequences. + +> 5https://pytorch.org/blog/flexattention + +10 + +## **5.1 Parameter Matched Compute Optimal Scaling Trends** + +Using the Llama 2 dataset, we train various _compute-optimal_ bpe and BLT models across four different sizes, ranging from 1B to 8B parameters. We then plot the training flops against language modeling performance on a representative subset of the training data mixture. The bpe models are trained using the optimal ratio of model parameters to training data, as determined by Llama 3 (Dubey et al., 2024). This _compute-optimal_ setup is theoretically designed to achieve the best performance on the training dataset within a given training budget (Hoffmann et al., 2022), providing a robust baseline for our model. For each bpe model, we also train a corresponding BLT model on the same data, using a Latent Transformer that matches the size and architecture of the corresponding bpe Transformer. + +As illustrated in Figure 6 (right), BLT models either match or outperform their bpe counterparts and this trend holds as we scale model size and flops. To the best of our knowledge, BLT is the first byte-level Transformer architecture to achieve matching scaling trends with BPE-based models at compute optimal regimes. This therefore validates our assumption that the optimal ratio of parameters to training compute for bpe also applies to BLT, or at least it is not too far off. + +Both architectural improvements and dynamic patching are crucial to match bpe scaling trends. In Figure 6 (left), we compare space-patching-based models against Llama 3. We approximate SpaceByte (Slagle, 2024) using BLT space-patching without n-gram embeddings and cross-attention. Although SpaceByte improves over Megabyte, it remains far from Llama 3. In Figure 6 (right), we illustrate the improvements from both architectural changes and dynamic patching. BLT models perform on par with state-of-the-art tokenizer-based models such as Llama 3, at scale. We also observe the effects of the choice of tokenizer on performance for tokenizer-based models, i.e., models trained with the Llama-3 tokenizer outperform those trained using the Llama-2 tokenizer on the same training data. + +Finally, our BLT architecture trends between Llama 2 and 3 when using significantly larger patch sizes. The bpe tokenizers of Llama 2 and 3 have an average token size of 3.7 and 4.4 bytes. In contrast, BLT can achieve similar scaling trends with an average patch size of 6 and even 8 bytes. Inference flop are inversely proportional to the average patch size, so using a patch size of 8 bytes would lead to nearly 50% inference flop savings. Models with larger patch sizes also seem to perform better as we scale model and data size. BLT with patch size of 8 starts at a significantly worse point compared to bpe Llama 2 at 1B but ends up better than bpe at 7B scale. This suggests that such patch sizes might perform better at even larger scales and possibly that even larger ones could be feasible as model size and training compute grow. + +## **5.2 Beyond Compute Optimal Task Evaluations** + +To assess scaling properties further, we train an 8B BLT model beyond the compute optimal ratio on the BLT-1T dataset, a larger higher-quality dataset, and measure performance on a suite of standard classification and generation benchmarks. For evaluation, we select the following common sense reasoning, world knowledge, and code generation tasks: + +_Classification tasks_ include ARC-Easy (0-shot) (Clark et al., 2018), Arc-Challenge (0-shot) (Clark et al., 2018), HellaSwag (0-shot) (Zellers et al., 2019), PIQA (0-shot) (Bisk et al., 2020), and MMLU (5-shot) (Hendrycks et al., 2020). We employ a prompt-scoring method, calculating the likelihood over choice characters, and report the average accuracy. + +_Coding related generation tasks:_ We report pass@1 scores on MBPP (3-shot) (Austin et al., 2021) and HumanEval (0-shot) (Chen et al., 2021), to evaluate the ability of LLMs to generate Python code. + +In Table 1, we compare three models trained on the BLT-1T dataset: a bpe Llama 3 tokenizer-based model,[6] and two variants of the BLT model. One employing a space-patching scheme (BLT-Space) and another utilizing an entropy-based patching scheme (BLT-Entropy). with approx. monotonicity constraint and reset the context of the entropy model with new lines (as discussed in subsection 4.4). All three models are + +> 6We choose the Llama 3 tokenizer with its 128k vocabulary as it performs better than Llama 2’s 32k vocabulary. + +11 + +||Llama 3|BLT-Space|BLT-Entropy| +|---|---|---|---| +||1T Tokens|6T Bytes|4.5T Bytes| +|**Arc-E**|77.6|75.4|**79.6**| +|**Arc-C**|**53.3**|49.8|52.1| +|**HellaSwag**|79.1|79.6|**80.6**| +|**PIQA**|80.7|**81.1**|80.6| +|**MMLU**|**58.1**|54.8|57.4| +|**MBPP**|40.2|37.6|**41.8**| +|**HumanEval**|31.1|27.4|**35.4**| +|**Average**|60.0|58.0|**61.1**| +|**Bytes/Patch on Train Mix**|4.4|**6.1**|4.5| + + + +**Table 1** Comparison of flop-matched BLT **8B** models trained on the BLT-1T dataset comprising high-quality tokens of text and code from publicly available sources, with baseline models using the Llama 3 tokenizer. BLT performs better than Llama 3 on average, and depending on the patching scheme, achieves significant flops savings with a minor reduction in performance. + +|Llama|2|Llama|3|Entropy ps=6|Entropy ps=8|Inference flops|Compute Optimal (Bytes)|Crossover (Bytes)| +|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| +|470m||450m||610m (1.2x)|760m (1.6x)|3.1E8|50B|150B| +|3.6B||3.9B||5.2B (1.3x)|6.6B (1.7x)|2.1E9|400B|1T| + + + +**Table 2** Details of models used in the fixed-inference scaling study. We report non-embedding parameters for each model and their relative number compared to Llama 2. We pick model sizes with equal inference flops per byte. We also indicate BPE’s compute-optimal training data quantity and the crossover point where BLT surpasses BPE as seen in Figure 1 (both expressed in bytes of training data). This point is achieved at much smaller scales compared to many modern training budgets. + +trained with an equivalent flop budget. However, with BLT-Entropy we additionally make an inference time adjustment of the entropy threshold from 0.6 to 0.1 which we find to improve task performance at the cost of more inference steps. + +The BLT-Entropy model outperforms the Llama 3 model on 4 out of 7 tasks while being trained on the same number of bytes. This improvement is like due to a combination of (1) a better use of training compute via dynamic patching, and (2) the direct modeling of byte-level information as opposed to tokens. + +On the other hand, BLT-Space underperforms the Llama 3 tokenizer on all but one task, but it achieves a significant reduction in inference flops with its larger average patch size of 6 bytes. In comparison, the bpe and entropy-patching based models have roughly equivalent average patch size of approximately 4.5 bytes on the training data mix. With the same training budget, the larger patch size model covers 30% more data than the other two models which might push BLT further away from the compute-optimal point. + +## **5.3 Patches Scale Better Than Tokens** + +With BLT models, we can simultaneously increase model size and patch size while maintaining the same training and inference flop budget and keeping the amount of training data constant. Arbitrarily increasing the patch size is a unique feature of patch-based models which break free of the efficiency tradeoffs of fixed-vocabulary token-based models, as discussed in Section 2.4. Longer patch sizes save compute, which can be reallocated to grow the size of the global latent transformer, because it is run less often. + +We conduct a fixed inference scaling study to test the hypothesis that larger models taking fewer steps on larger patches might perform better than smaller models taking more steps. Starting from model sizes of 400m and 3.6B parameters with the Llama 2 tokenizer, we find flop equivalent models with the Llama 3 tokenizer and BLT-Entropy models with average patch sizes of 6 and 8 bytes on the training datamix (see Table 2 for model details). For patch size 8 models, we use 3 encoder layers instead of 1. We train each model for various training flop budgets. + +12 + +|Llama 3
(1T tokens)
Llama 3.1
(16T tokens)
BLT
(1T tokens)|Llama 3
(1T tokens)
Llama 3.1
(16T tokens)
BLT
(1T tokens)| +|---|---| +|**HellaSwag Original**
79.1
80.7
**HellaSwag Noise Avg.**
56.9
64.3
**- AntSpeak**
45.6
61.3
**- Drop**
53.8
57.3
**- RandomCase**
55.3
65.0
**- Repeat**
57.0
61.5
**- UpperCase**
72.9
76.5|**80.6**
**64.3**
**57.9**
**58.2**
**65.7**
**66.6**
**77.3**| +|**Phonology-G2P**
11.8
18.9|**13.0**| +|**CUTE**
27.5
20.0
**- Contains Char**
0.0
0.0
**- Contains Word**
55.1
21.6
**- Del Char**
34.6
34.3
**- Del Word**
**75.5**
84.5
**- Ins Char**
7.5
0.0
**- Ins Word**
**33.5**
63.3
**- Orthography**
43.1
0.0
**- Semantic**
65
0.0
**- Spelling**
1.1
-
**- Spelling Inverse**
30.1
3.6
**- Substitute Char**
0.4
1.2
**- Substitute Word**
16.4
6.8
**- Swap Char**
2.6
2.4
**- Swap Word**
20.1
4.1|**54.1**
**55.9**
**73.5**
**35.9**
56.1
**7.6**
31.2
**52.4**
**90.5**
**99.9**
**99.9**
**48.7**
**72.8**
**11.5**
**21**| + + + +**Table 3** We compare our 8B BLT model to 8B BPE Llama 3 trained on 1T tokens on tasks that assess robustness to noise and awareness of the constituents of language (best result bold). We also report the performance of Llama 3.1 on the same tasks and underline best result overall. BLT outperforms the Llama 3 BPE model by a large margin and even improves over Llama 3.1 in many tasks indicating that the byte-level awareness is not something that can easily be obtained with more data. + +Figure 1 shows that BLT models achieve better scaling trends than tokenization-based architectures for both inference flop classes. In both cases, BPE models perform better with small training budgets and are quickly surpassed by BLT, not far beyond the compute-optimal regime. In practice, it can be preferable to spend more during the one-time pretraining to achieve a better performing model with a fixed inference budget. A perfect example of this is the class of 8B models, like Llama 3.1, which has been trained on two orders of magnitude more data than what is compute-optimal for that model size. + +The crossover point where BLT improves over token-based models has shifted slightly closer to the computeoptimal point when moving to the larger flop class models (from 3x down to 2.5x the compute optimal budget). Similarly, the larger patch size 8 model has steeper scaling trend in the larger flop class overtaking the other models sooner. As discussed in Section 5.1, larger patch sizes appear to perform closer to BPE models at larger model scales. We attribute this, in part, to the decreasing share of total flops used by the byte-level Encoder and Decoder modules which seem to scale slower than the Latent Transformer. When growing total parameters 20x from 400M to 8B, we only roughly double BLT’s local model parameters. This is important as larger patch sizes only affect flops from the patch Latent Transformer and not the byte-level modules. In fact, that is why the BLT-Entropy ps=8 went from 1.6x to 1.7x of the Llama 2 model size when moving to the larger model scale. + +In summary, our patch-length scaling study demonstrates that the BLT patch-based architecture can achieve better scaling trends by simultaneously increasing both patch and model size. Such trends seem to persist and even improve at larger model scales. + +13 + +|Language|Language|_→_English|English|_→_Language| +|---|---|---|---|---| +||Llama 3|BLT|Llama 3|BLT| +|**Arabic**|22.3|24.6|10.4|8.8| +|**German**|41.3|42.0|29.8|31.2| +|**Hindi**|20.7|20.9|7.8|7.2| +|**Italian**|34.0|33.9|24.4|26.2| +|**Vietnamese**|31.2|31.0|28.4|23.7| +|**Thai**|17.9|18.1|10.5|7.7| +|**Armenian**|1.7|6.3|0.6|0.9| +|**Amharic**|1.3|3.1|0.4|0.5| +|**Assamese**|2.7|5.4|0.8|1.6| +|**Bengali**|4.7|12.7|1.7|4.1| +|**Bosnian**|36.0|37.3|16.9|19.6| +|**Cebuano**|18.2|20.6|5.8|9.1| +|**Georgian**|1.7|7.4|1.0|2.5| +|**Gujarati**|2.0|5.8|1.0|2.2| +|**Hausa**|5.75|5.9|1.2|1.3| +|**Icelandic**|16.1|17.9|4.8|5.3| +|**Kannada**|1.6|3.9|0.7|1.7| +|**Kazakh**|5.6|7.0|1.0|2.6| +|**Kabuverdianu**|20.3|20.9|5.1|6.8| +|**Khmer**|4.4|9.5|0.8|0.8| +|**Kyrgyz**|4.6|5.1|0.9|2.0| +|**Malayalam**|1.8|3.5|0.7|1.4| +|**Odia**|1.6|2.7|0.8|1.1| +|**Somali**|5.0|5.0|1.1|1.4| +|**Swahili**|10.1|12.0|1.4|2.3| +|**Urdu**|9.3|9.5|2.0|1.4| +|**Zulu**|4.7|5.0|0.6|0.5| +|**Overall Average**|12.1|**14.0**|5.9|**6.4**| + + + +**Table 4** Performance of 8B BLT and 8B Llama 3 trained for 1T tokens on translating into and from six widely-used languages and twenty one lower resource languages with various scripts from the FLORES-101 benchmark (Goyal et al., 2022). + +## **6 Byte Modeling Improves Robustness** + +We also measure the robustness of BLT compared to token-based models that lack direct byte-level information, and present an approach to byte-ify pretrained token-based models. + +## **6.1 Character-Level Tasks** + +A very early motivation for training byte-level models was to take advantage of their robustness to byte level noise in the input, and also to exploit their awareness of the constituents of tokens, which current tokenizer-based models struggle with. To measure these phenomena, we perform additional evaluations on benchmarks that evaluate both robustness to input noise as well as awareness of characters, both English and multi-lingual, including digits and phonemes. We present these results in Table 3. + +_Noisy Data_ We create noised versions of the benchmark classification tasks described in Section 5.2, to compare the robustness of tokenizer-based models with that of BLT. We employ five distinct character-level noising strategies to introduce variations in the text: (a) _AntSpeak_ : This strategy converts the entire text into uppercase, space-separated characters. (b) _Drop_ : Randomly removes 10% of the characters from the text. (c) + +14 + +|**Task**|**Prompt**|**Llama** 3|**BLT**| +|---|---|---|---| +|Substitute
Word|Question: Substitute " and " with " internet " in
" She went to the kitchen and saw two cereals. ".
Answer:|She
went
to
the
kitchen
and
saw
two
cereals.|She
went
to
the
kitchen
internet
saw
two cereals.| +|Swap Char|Question: Swap" h " and " a " in " that ". Answer:|that|taht| +|Substitute
Char|Question: Substitute " a " with " m " in " page ".
Answer:|-|pmge| +|Semantic
Similarity|Question: More semantically related to " are ": "
seem ", " acre ". Answer:|acre|seem| +|Orthographic
Similarity|Question: Closer in Levenshtein distance to " time
": " timber ", " period ". Answer:|period|timber| +|Insert Char|Question: Add an " z " after every " n " in " not ".
Answer:|znotz|nzot| + + + +**Figure 7** Output responses from Llama 3 and BLT models for various tasks from CUTE benchmark. BLT model performs better on sequence manipulation tasks compared to the tokenizer-based Llama 3 model. Note that few-shot examples are not shown in the above prompts to maintain clarity. + +_RandomCase_ : Converts 50% of the characters to uppercase and 50% to lowercase randomly throughout the text. (d) _Repeat_ : Repeats 20% of the characters up to a maximum of four times. (e) _UpperCase_ : Transforms all characters in the text to uppercase. During evaluation, we apply each noising strategy to either the prompt, completion, or both as separate tasks and report the average scores. In Table 3 we report results on noised HellaSwag (Zellers et al., 2019) and find that BLT indeed outperforms tokenizer-based models across the board in terms of robustness, with an average advantage of 8 points over the model trained on the same data, and even improves over the Llama 3.1 model trained on a much larger dataset. + +_Phonology - Grapheme-to-Phoneme (G2P)_ We assess BLT’s capability to map a sequence of graphemes (characters representing a word) into a transcription of that word’s pronunciation (phonemes). In Table 3, we present the results of the G2P task in a 5-shot setting using Phonology Bench (Suvarna et al., 2024) and find that BLT outperforms the baseline Llama 3 1T tokenizer-based model on this task. + +_CUTE_ To assess character-level understanding, we evaluate BLT on the CUTE benchmark (Edman et al., 2024), which comprises several tasks that are broadly classified into three categories: understanding composition, understanding orthographic similarity, and ability to manipulate sequences. This benchmark poses a significant challenge for most tokenizer-based models, as they appear to possess knowledge of their tokens’ spellings but struggle to effectively utilize this information to manipulate text. Table 3 shows that BLT-Entropy outperforms both BPE Llama 3 models by more than 25 points on this benchmark. In particular, our model demonstrates exceptional proficiency in character manipulation tasks achieving 99.9% on both spelling tasks. Such large improvements despite BLT having been trained on 16x less data than Llama 3.1 indicates that character level information is hard to learn for BPE models. Figure 7 illustrates a few such scenarios where Llama 3 tokenizer model struggles but our BLT model performs well. Word deletion and insertion are the only two tasks where BPE performs better. Such word manipulation might not be straightforward for a byte-level model but the gap is not too wide and building from characters to words could be easier than the other way around. We use the same evaluation setup in all tasks and the original prompts from Huggingface. BPE models might benefit from additional prompt engineering. + +_Low Resource Machine Translation_ We evaluate BLT on translating into and out of six popular language families and twenty one lower resource languages with various scripts from the FLORES-101 benchmark (Goyal et al., 2022) and report SentencePiece BLEU in Table 4. Our results demonstrate that BLT outperforms a model trained with the Llama 3 tokenizer, achieving a 2-point overall advantage in translating into English and a 0.5-point advantage in translating from English. In popular language pairs, BLT performs comparably to or slightly better than Llama 3. However, BLT outperforms Llama 3 on numerous language pairs within + +15 + +||Llama 3|BLT|BLT from Llama 3.1|Llama 3.1| +|---|---|---|---|---| +||8B|8B|8B|8B| +||(220B tokens)|(220B tokens)|(220B tokens)|(15T tokens)| +|**Arc-E**|67.4|66.8|66.6|83.4| +|**Arc-C**|40.4|38.8|45.8|55.2| +|**HellaSwag**|71.2|72.2|76.1|80.7| +|**PIQA**|77.0|78.2|77.4|80.7| +|**MMLU**|26.5|25.2|63.7|66.3| +|**MBPP**|11.8|10.0|38.2|47.2| +|**HumanEval**|9.2|7.3|34.2|37.2| + + + +**Table 5** Initializing the global transformer model of BLT from the non-embedding parameters of Llama 3 improves performance on several benchmark tasks. First three models trained on the Llama 2 data for compute-optimal steps. + +lower-resource language families, underscoring the effectiveness of byte modeling for generalizing to long-tail byte sequences. + +## **6.2 Training BLT from Llama 3** + +We explore a workflow where BLT models can leverage existing pre-trained tokenizer-based models for better and faster training convergence, acheived by initializing the global transformer parameters of BLT with those of a pre-trained Llama 3.1 model. Subsequently, we update the weights of the global transformer using one-tenth the learning rate employed for the local encoder and local decoder model, for Llama 3 optimal number of steps, and present a comparison with a baseline BLT in Table 5. It is evident that BLT from Llama 3.1 significantly outperforms both the Llama 3 and BLT baselines, which were trained with the same number of flops. Moreover, when compared to our BLT-Entropy model (as presented in Table 1), which was trained on a significantly larger dataset (1T tokens), BLT from Llama 3.1 still achieves superior performance on MMLU task, suggesting that it can be an effective approach in significantly reducing the training flops. + +This setup can also be viewed as transforming tokenizer-based models into tokenizer-free ones, effectively converting a pre-trained LLaMA 3.1 model into a BLT model. To provide a comprehensive comparison, we include the original LLaMA 3.1 model trained on 15T tokens in Table 5 and evaluate it against the BLT derived from LLaMA 3. Our model experiences a slight performance decline on MMLU and HumanEval, but a more significant drop on other tasks. This suggests that further work is needed to fully leverage the pre-trained model and improve upon its performance, particularly in terms of optimizing data mixtures and other hyperparameters. + +## **7 Ablations and Discussion** + +In this section, we discuss ablations justifying architectural choices for BLT and the patching scheme and hyper-parameters for the BLT 8B parameter model trained on the BLT-1T dataset. + +_Entropy Model Hyper-parameters_ To study the effect of varying entropy model size and context window length on scaling performance, we train byte-level entropy transformer models of different model sizes between 1m and 100m parameters, with varying context window lengths from 64 to 512. We plot bpb vs training flop scaling law curves, created using our 400 _m_ and 1 _b_ BLT models trained on the Llama-2 dataset and present them in Figure 8. We find that scaling performance is positively correlated with both these dimensions of the entropy model, with diminishing returns when we scale beyond 50m parameters. + +_Types of Patching_ We ablate the four different patching schemes, introduced in Section 2 i.e. 1) Strided Patching with a stride of 4 and 6, 2) Patching on whitepsace, 3) BPE Tokenizer patching based on the Llama 3 tokenizer, and 4) Entropy based patching using a small byte llm. + +16 + +**==> picture [284 x 206] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+BPB vs Training FLOPs at Compute Optimal Ratio
1.05
P=100m,w=512
P= 10m,w=128
P= 10m,w=512
1.00 P= 1m,w=512
P= 50m,w=512
P= 1m,w= 64
0.95
0.90
0.85
10 [20] 2 × 10 [20] 3 × 10 [20]
Total Training FLOPS
Bits-per-byte (BPB)
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +**Figure 8** Variation of language modeling performance in bits-per-byte (bpb) with training flops for 400m and 1b BLT models patched with entropy models of different sizes and context windows. Both dimensions improve scaling performance, with diminishing returns beyond 50m parameter entropy models with a context of 512 bytes. + +||Llama|3|Space Patching|Entropy| +|---|---|---|---|---| +||BPE||BLT|BLT| +|**Arc-E**|67.4||67.2|68.9| +|**Arc-C**|40.5||37.6|38.3| +|**HellaSwag**|71.3||70.8|72.7| +|**PIQA**|77.0||76.5|77.6| + + + +**Table 6** Benchmark evaluations of two patching schemes for 8b BLT models and BPE Llama3 baseline. These models are trained on the Llama 2 data for the optimal number of steps as determined by Dubey et al. (2024). + +While dynamic patching reduces the effective length of sequences, we control for the sequence length to maintain a similar context length for all patching schemes. All the models see the same number of bytes in each sequence during training and inference in expectation to prevent any confounding factors from being able to model larger contexts. Figure 6 highlights the results of these ablations. All the remaining patching schemes outperform static patching, with space patching being a very close competitor to dynamic entropy based patching. + +In Table 6, we present benchmark evaluations for BLT models comparing tokenizer-based models, space patching, and entropy-based patching, trained on the Llama 2 dataset for an optimal number of steps (Dubey et al., 2024). Although space patching is a simpler strategy that does not involve running an entropy model on the fly during training, we find that the gains we observed using entropy-based patching on scaling trends (Section 5) do indeed carry forward even to downstream benchmark tasks.[7] + +_Cross-Attention_ In Table 7, we ablate including cross-attention at various points in the encoder and decoder of BLT. For the encoder cross-attention we test initializing the queries with 1) the same learned embedding for every global state, 2) a hash embedding of the bytes in the patch, and 3) pooling of the encoder hidden representation of the patch bytes at the given encoder layer. + +We find that using cross-attention in the _decoder_ is most effective. In the encoder, there is a slight improvement in using cross-attention but only with pooling initialization of queries. Additionally, we find that cross-attention helps particularly on Common-Crawl and especially with larger patch sizes. + +> 7Space patching results are from earlier runs without cross-attention, but similar trends are observed even with cross-attention. + +17 + +|Cross Attn. Dec.
Cross Attn. Enc.
Pooling Init|BPB
Wikipedia
CC
Github
Train Dist| +|---|---| +|-
All Layers
False
-
Last Layer
False
-
-
-
First Layer
Last Layer
True
All Layers
Last Layer
True
All Layers
All Layers
True|0.830
0.915
**0.442**
0.891
0.836
0.906
0.447
0.886
0.833
0.892
0.446
0.866
0.825
0.883
0.443
0.861
**0.823**
0.871
0.443
0.846
0.828
**0.868**
0.443
**0.844**| + + + +**Table 7** Ablations on the use of Cross Attention for a 1B BLT model trained on 100B bytes. We report bits-per-byte (bpb) on different datasets. We also report bpb on a random sample of the training data (denoted as Train Dist.) The Cross Attn. Enc. and Dec. columns denote which transformer layers the cross-attention block is applied after (or before for the decoder) in the local encoder and decoder respectively. + +|Ngram Sizes
Per Ngram Vocab
Total Vocab|BPB
Wikipedia
CC
Github
Train Dist| +|---|---| +|-
-
-
6,7,8
100k
300k
6,7,8
200k
600k
3,4,5
100k
300k
6,7,8
400k
1M
3,4,5
200k
600k
3,4,5,6,7,8
100k
600k
3,4,5
400k
1M
3,4,5,6,7,8
200k
1M
3,4,5,6,7,8
400k
2M|0.892
0.867
0.506
0.850
0.873
0.860
0.499
0.842
0.862
0.856
0.492
0.838
0.859
0.855
0.491
0.837
0.855
0.853
0.491
0.834
0.850
0.852
0.485
0.833
0.850
0.852
0.486
0.833
0.844
0.851
0.483
0.832
0.840
0.849
0.481
0.830
**0.831**
**0.846**
**0.478**
**0.826**| + + + +**Table 8** Ablations on the use of n-gram hash embedding tables for a 1B BLT model trained on 100B bytes. We find that hash n-gram embeddings are very effective with very large improvements in BPB. The most significant parameter is the per-ngram vocab size and that smaller ngram sizes are more impactful than larger ones. + +_n-gram Hash Embeddings_ We ablate settings of 0, 100K, 200K and 400K n-gram hash embedding vocabularies and present results in Table 8. We find that hash embeddings help on all domains, but particularly on Wikipedia and Github (0.04 bpb difference compared to 0.01 bpb difference after 15k steps at 8B). At 8B scale going from 500K to 300K hashes changed performance by 0.001 bpb on 15k steps. This indicates that hashes are vital to bringing the performance of BLT to match those of tokenizer based models, however, after 300K hashes, there are diminishing returns. Additionally, it appears that the gains are largely complementary with cross-attention as they provide improvements on different datasets. + +_Local Model Hyperparamaters_ In Table 9, we ablate various settings for the number of layers in the local encoder and decoder. When paired with hash n-gram embeddings, BLT works well with an encoder that is extremely light-weight i.e. just one layer, and with a heavier decoder. + +## **8 Related Work** + +**Character-Level RNNs:** Character Language Modeling has been a popular task ever since the early days of neural models (Sutskever et al., 2011; Mikolov et al., 2012; Graves, 2013) owing to their flexibility of modeling out of vocabulary words organically without resorting to back-off methods. Kim et al. (2016) also train a model that processes characters only on the input side using convolutional and highway networks that feed into LSTM-based RNNs and are able to match performance with the RNN based state-of-the-art language models of the time on English and outperform them on morphologically rich languages, another sought-after advantage of character-level LLMs. Kenter et al. (2018) do machine comprehension using byte-level LSTM + +18 + +|Ngram|Embeddings|Encoder|Layers|Decoder|Layers|Train|Dist|BPB| +|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| +|False||1||9||||0.850| +|False||5||5||||0.843| +|True||5||5||||0.844| +|True||3||7||||0.824| +|True||1||9||||0.822| + + + +**Table 9** When paired with hash n-gram embeddings, a light-weight local encoder is sufficient. More layers can then be allocated to the decoder for the same cost. + +models that outperformed word-level models again on morphologically-rich Turkish and Russian languages. Along similar lines, Zhang et al. (2015) used character-based convolutional models for classification tasks, which outperformed word-level models for certain tasks. Chung et al. (2019) use hierarchical LSTM models using boundary-detectors at each level to discover the latent hierarchy in text, to further improve performance on character level language modeling. ByteNet by Kalchbrenner et al. (2016) uses CNN based layers on characters as opposed to attention for machine translation. + +**Character-Level Transformers:** The development of transformer models using attention (Vaswani et al., 2017) together with subword tokenization (Sennrich et al., 2016), significantly improved the performance of neural models on language modeling and benchmark tasks. However, word and sub-word units implicitly define an inductive bias for the level of abstraction models should operate on. To combine the successes of transformer models with the initial promising results on character language modeling, Al-Rfou et al. (2019) use very deep transformers, and with the help of auxiliary losses, train transformer-based models that outperformed previous LSTM based character llms. However, they still saw a significant gap from word level LLMs. GPT-2 (Radford et al., 2019) also observed that on large scale datasets like the 1 billion word benchmark, byte-level LMs were not competitive with word-level LMs. + +While Choe et al. (2019) demonstrated that byte-level llms based on transformers can outperform subword level LLMs with comparable parameters, the models take up much more compute and take much longer to train. Similarly, El Boukkouri et al. (2020) train a BERT model (CharFormer) that builds word representations by applying convolutions on character embeddings, and demonstrate improvements on the medical domain, but they also expend much more compute in doing so. Clark et al. (2022) develop CANINE, a 150M parameter encoder-only model that operates directly on character sequences. CANINE uses a deep transformer stack at its core similar in spirit to our global model, and a combination of a local transformer and strided convolutions to downsample the input characters, and outperforms the equivalent token-level encoder-only model (mBERT) on downstream multilingual tasks. ByT5 (Xue et al., 2022) explored approaches for byte-level encoder decoder models, that do not use any kind of patching operations. While their model exhibited improved robustness to noise, and was competitive with tokenizer-based models with 4x less data, the lack of patching meant that the models needed to compute expensive attention operations over every byte, which was extremely compute heavy. Directly modeling bytes instead of subword units increases the sequence length of the input making it challenging to efficiently scale byte level models. Recently, using the Mamba Architecture (Gu and Dao, 2023), which can maintain a fixed-size memory state over a very large context length, Wang et al. (2024) train a byte-level Mamba architecture also without using patching, and are able to outperform byte-level transformer models in a flop controlled setting at the 350M parameter scale in terms of bits-per-byte on several datasets. + +**Patching-based approaches:** The effective use of patching can bring down the otherwise inflated number of flops expended by byte-level LLMs while potentially retaining performance, and many works demonstrated initial successes at a small scale of model size and number of training bytes. Nawrot et al. (2022) experiment with static patching based downsampling and upsampling and develop the hourglass transformer which outperforms other byte-level baselines at the 150M scale. Nawrot et al. (2023) further improve this with the help of dynamic patching schemes, including a boundary-predictor that is learned in an end-to-end fashion, a boundary-predictor supervised using certain tokenizers, as well as an entropy-based patching model similar to BLT, and show that this approach can outperform the vanilla transformers of the time on language modeling tasks at a 40M parameter scale on 400M tokens. Lester et al. (2024) investigate training on sequences + +19 + +compressed using arithmetic coding to achieve compression rates beyond what BPE can achieve, and by using a equal-info windows technique, are able to outperform byte-level baselines on language modeling tasks, but underperform subword baselines. + +Our work draws inspiration and is most closely related to MegaByte (Yu et al., 2023), which is a decoder only causal LLM that uses a fixed static patching and concatenation of representations to convert bytes to patches, and uses a local model on the decoder side to convert from patches back into bytes. They demonstrate that MegaByte can match tokenizer-based models at a 1B parameter scale on a dataset of 400B bytes. We ablate MegaByte in all our experiments and find that static patching lags behind the current state-of-the-art compute optimally trained tokenizer based models in a flop controlled setting and we demonstrate how BLT bridges this gap. Slagle (2024) make the same observation about MegaByte and suggest extending the static patching method to patching on whitespaces and other space-like bytes, and also add a local encoder model. They find improvements over tokenized-based transformer models in a compute controlled setting on some domains such as Github and arXiv at the 1B parameter scale. We also report experiments with this model, and show that further architectural improvements are needed to scale up byte-level models even further and truly match current state-of-the-art token-based models such as Llama 3. + +## **9 Limitations and Future Work** + +In this work, for the purposes of architectural choices, we train models for the optimal number of steps as determined for Llama 3 (Dubey et al., 2024). However, these scaling laws were calculated for BPE-level transformers and may lead to suboptimal (data, parameter sizes) ratios in the case of BLT. We leave for future work the calculation of scaling laws for BLT potentially leading to even more favorable scaling trends for our architecture. Additionally, many of these experiments were conducted at scales upto 1B parameters, and it is possible for the optimal architectural choices to change as we scale to 8B parameters and beyond, which may unlock improved performance for larger scales. + +Existing transformer libraries and codebases are designed to be highly efficient for tokenizer-based transformer architectures. While we present theoretical flop matched experiments and also use certain efficient implementations (such as FlexAttention) to handle layers that deviate from the vanilla transformer architecture, our implementations may yet not be at parity with tokenizer-based models in terms of wall-clock time and may benefit from further optimizations. + +While BLT uses a separately trained entropy model for patching, learning the patching model in an end-to-end fashion can be an interesting direction for future work. In Section 6.2, we present initial experiments showing indications of success for “byte-ifying” tokenizer-based models such as Llama 3 that are trained on more than 10T tokens, by initializing and freezing the global transformer with their weights. Further work in this direction may uncover methods that not only retain the benefits of bytefying, but also push performance beyond that of these tokenizer-based models without training them from scratch. + +## **10 Conclusion** + +This paper presents the Byte Latent Transformer ( **BLT** ), a new architecture that redefines the conventional dependency on fixed-vocabulary tokenization in large language models. By introducing a dynamic, learnable method for grouping bytes into patches, BLT effectively allocates computational resources based on data complexity, leading to significant improvements in both efficiency and robustness. Our extensive scaling study demonstrates that BLT models can match the performance of tokenization-based models like Llama 3 at scales up to 8B and 4T bytes, and can trade minor losses in evaluation metrics for up to 50% reductions in inference flops. Furthermore, BLT unlocks a new dimension for scaling, allowing simultaneous increases in model and patch size within a fixed inference budget. This new paradigm becomes advantageous for compute regimes commonly encountered in practical settings. While directly engaging with raw byte data, BLT also improves the model’s ability to handle the long-tail of data, offering significant improvements in robustness to noisy inputs and a deeper understanding of sub-word structures. Overall, these results position BLT as a promising alternative to traditional tokenization-based approaches, providing a scalable and robust framework for more efficient and adaptable language models. + +20 + +## **Acknowledgements** + +We would like to thank Kalyan Saladi for help with everything relating to pre-training infrastructure; Gabriel Synnaeve, Ammar Rizvi, Jacob Kahn, Michel Meyer for helping organize resources for scaling up BLT; Badr Youbi Idirissi, Mathurin Videau, and Jade Copet for invaluable discussions and feedback about BLT, for access to the Lingua framework for open-sourcing code for BLT, and for help preparing the BLT-1T dataset used in this paper; Omer Levy, who was actively involved in the early stages of the project and provided valuable feedback and ideas; Driss Guessous for help with FlexAttention; and Sida Wang, Melanie Sclar, Amanda Bertsch, and Hunter Lang for feedback and discussions. + +## **Contributors** + +In this section, we list individual contributions. + +**Core Contributors:** Artidoro Pagnoni, Srinivasan Iyer, Ramakanth Pasunuru, Pedro Rodriguez, John Nguyen, Gargi Ghosh (Project Lead) + +**Core Advising Group:** Mike Lewis, Ari Holtzman, Luke Zettlemoyer + +**Advisors and Contributors:** Jason Weston, Benjamin Muller, Margaret Li, Chunting Zhou, Lili Yu + +21 + +## **References** + +- Rami Al-Rfou, Dokook Choe, Noah Constant, Mandy Guo, and Llion Jones. 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Spacebyte: Towards deleting tokenization from large language modeling. arXiv, 2024. + +Jianlin Su, Yu Lu, Shengfeng Pan, Ahmed Murtadha, Bo Wen, and Yunfeng Liu. RoFormer: Enhanced transformer with rotary position embedding. arxiv e-prints, art. arXiv, 2021. + +> Ilya Sutskever, James Martens, and Geoffrey E Hinton. Generating text with recurrent neural networks. In Proceedings of the International Conference of Machine Learning, pages 1017–1024, 2011. + +23 + +- Ashima Suvarna, Harshita Khandelwal, and Nanyun Peng. Phonologybench: Evaluating phonological skills of large language models. arXiv, 2024. + +- Hugo Touvron, Louis Martin, Kevin Stone, Peter Albert, Amjad Almahairi, Yasmine Babaei, Nikolay Bashlykov, Soumya Batra, Prajjwal Bhargava, Shruti Bhosale, et al. Llama 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models. arXiv, 2023. + +- Ashish Vaswani, Noam M. Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. Attention is all you need. In Neural Information Processing Systems, 2017. + +- Junxiong Wang, Tushaar Gangavarapu, Jing Nathan Yan, and Alexander M Rush. Mambabyte: Token-free selective state space model. arXiv, 2024. + +- Wenhan Xiong, Jingyu Liu, Igor Molybog, Hejia Zhang, Prajjwal Bhargava, Rui Hou, Louis Martin, Rashi Rungta, Karthik Abinav Sankararaman, Barlas Oguz, et al. Effective long-context scaling of foundation models. In Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. + +- Linting Xue, Aditya Barua, Noah Constant, Rami Al-Rfou, Sharan Narang, Mihir Kale, Adam Roberts, and Colin Raffel. Byt5: Towards a token-free future with pre-trained byte-to-byte models. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 10:291–306, 2022. + +- Lili Yu, Dániel Simig, Colin Flaherty, Armen Aghajanyan, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Mike Lewis. Megabyte: Predicting million-byte sequences with multiscale transformers. Proceedings of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2023. + +- Rowan Zellers, Ari Holtzman, Yonatan Bisk, Ali Farhadi, and Yejin Choi. Hellaswag: Can a machine really finish your sentence? arXiv, 2019. + +- Biao Zhang and Rico Sennrich. Root mean square layer normalization. Proceedings of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 32, 2019. + +- Xiang Zhang, Junbo Zhao, and Yann LeCun. Character-level convolutional networks for text classification. In C. Cortes, N. Lawrence, D. Lee, M. Sugiyama, and R. Garnett, editors, Proceedings of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, volume 28. Curran Associates, Inc., 2015. https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_ files/paper/2015/file/250cf8b51c773f3f8dc8b4be867a9a02-Paper.pdf. + +24 + +## **Appendix** + +## **A Model Hyper Parameters** + +Table 10 shows different hyper parameter settings for BLT models. + +|||Encoder|Encoder|||Global Latent Transf.|Global Latent Transf.|Global Latent Transf.||Decoder|Decoder||Cross-Attn.|Cross-Attn.| +|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| +|Model|_lE_|#heads|_hE_|#Params|_lG_|#heads|_hG_|#Params|_lD_|#heads|_hD_|#Params|#heads|k| +|**400M**|1|12|768|7M|24|10|1280|470M|7|12|768|50M|10|2| +|**1B**|1|16|1024|12M|25|16|2048|1B|9|16|1024|113M|16|2| +|**2B**|1|16|1024|12M|26|20|2560|2B|9|16|1024|113M|16|3| +|**4B**|1|16|1024|12M|36|24|3072|4.1B|9|16|1024|113M|16|3| +|**8B**|1|20|1280|20M|32|32|4096|6.4B|6|20|1280|120M|20|4| + + + +**Table 10** Architectural hyper-parameters for different BLT model sizes that we train for flop-controlled experiments described in this paper. + +## **B FLOPs Equations** + +Here, we provide the equations used for flop computation for the forward-pass of transformer and BLT models based on Hoffmann et al. (2022); Kaplan et al. (2020); Casson (2023). We assume that the backward pass uses twice as much flops as the forward pass. + +|Operation|flops per token/byte|| +|---|---|---| +|Attention (_l, hk, nheads, m_)|4_× l × hk × nheads × m_+1
2|| +|QKVO (_l, h, r_)|(_r ×_2 + 2)_×_2_× l × h_2|| +|Feed-forward (_l, h, dff_)|2_× l ×_2_× h × dffh_|| +|De-Embedding (_h, V_)|2_× h × |V |_|| +|Cross-Attention (_l, hk, nheads, p, r_)|Attention(_l, hk, nheads, p_) + QKVO(_l, hk × nheads, r_)|| + + + +**Table 11** flops for operations used in transformer and BLT models. _l_ corresponds to layers, _h_ is the hidden dimension ( _hk_ with _nheads_ heads), _m_ is the context length, _dff_ = 4 is the feed-forward dimension multiplier, _p_ is the patch size, and _r_ is the ratio of queries to keys. + +For a transformer model with _l_ layers, hidden dimension _h_ , context length _m_ , _nheads_ attention heads of dimension _hk_ , and a feed-forward multipler of _dff_ , we compute flops as: + +|Transformer-FLOPs(_l, h, m, nheads, hk, dff, V_) =Feed-forward(_l, h, dff_)|(19)| +|---|---| +|+QKVO(_l, h, r_ = 1)|(20)| +|+Attention(_l, hk, nheads, m_)|(21)| +|+De-Embedding(_h, V_)|(22)| + + + +For BLT models, we use the above-mentioned primitives together with the flops equation from Section 4.5 to compute total flops. + +## **C Rolling Polynomial Hashing** + +Given a byte _n_ -gram _gi,n_ = _{bi−n_ +1 _, . . . , bi}_ , the rolling polynomial hash of _gi,n_ is defined as: + +**==> picture [298 x 29] intentionally omitted <==** + +Where _a_ is chosen to be a 10-digit prime number. + +25 + +## **D Frequency-based n-gram Embedddings** + +Prior to using hash n-gram embeddings in the final BLT architecture, we also experimented with frequencybased n-gram embeddings. For each _n ∈{_ 1 _,_ 2 _,_ 3 _,_ 4 _,_ 5 _,_ 6 _,_ 7 _,_ 8 _}_ there is an embedding matrix _En[ngram]_ that contains the most frequent byte-grams for the given _n_ . Since it is intractable to store embeddings as _n_ grows, we only store embeddings for the most frequent 100 _,_ 000 byte-grams for each byte-gram. If a particular position _i_ includes an _n_ -gram present in the corresponding the embedding matrix, then this embedding is passed to the next step, encoder multi-headed cross-attention. If a byte-gram is infrequent and therefore not in the matrix, then its embedding is obtained from encoder hash embeddings instead. + +Since frequency-based _n_ -grams are limited by the vocabulary of the n-gram tables with infrequent n-grams not being represented at all, we subsequently moved to hash-based _n_ -gram embeddings. See Table 12 for a comparison of hash and frequency based n-gram embeddings. + +|Hash Ngram Sizes
Per Hash Ngram Vocab
Ngram Sizes
Per Ngram Vocab
Total Vocab|bpb
Wikipedia
CC
Github
Train Dist| +|---|---| +|-
-
-
-
-
6,7,8
50k
6,7,8
50k
300k
6,7,8
100k
-
-
300k
6,7,8
100k
6,7,8
100k
600k
6,7,8
200k
-
-
600k
3,4,5
50k
3,4,5
50k
300k
3,4,5
100k
-
-
300k
6,7,8
200k
6,7,8
200k
1M
6,7,8
400k
-
-
1M
3,4,5,6,7,8
50k
3,4,5,6,7,8
50k
600k
3,4,5
100k
3,4,5
100k
600k
3,4,5
200k
-
-
600k
3,4,5,6,7,8
100k
-
-
600k
3,4,5
400k
-
-
1M
3,4,5
200k
3,4,5
200k
1M
3,4,5,6,7,8
100k
3,4,5,6,7,8
100k
1M
3,4,5,6,7,8
200k
-
-
1M
3,4,5,6,7,8
200k
3,4,5,6,7,8
200k
2M
3,4,5,6,7,8
400k
-
-
2M|0.892
0.867
0.506
0.850
0.878
0.860
0.497
0.843
0.873
0.860
0.499
0.842
0.868
0.857
0.494
0.839
0.862
0.856
0.492
0.838
0.862
0.856
0.491
0.837
0.859
0.855
0.491
0.837
0.861
0.855
0.491
0.837
0.855
0.853
0.491
0.834
0.855
0.853
0.488
0.834
0.851
0.853
0.486
0.834
0.850
0.852
0.485
0.833
0.850
0.852
0.486
0.833
0.844
0.851
0.483
0.832
0.843
0.850
0.482
0.830
0.844
0.850
0.482
0.830
0.840
0.849
0.481
0.830
**0.833**
**0.846**
**0.478**
**0.826**
**0.831**
**0.846**
**0.478**
**0.826**| + + + +**Table 12** Ablations on the use of frequency-based as well as hash-based n-gram embedding tables for a 1B BLT model trained on 100B bytes. + +## **E Entropy Patching Example from MMLU** + +We illustrate how a few-shot example from a downstream task i.e. MMLU (Hendrycks et al., 2020), is patched using an entropy-model trained for use with BLT models in Figure 9. Directly using the entropy model with the full-context window causes repetitive patterns to be heavily patched. For example, “10 times, with an rms deviation of about” in the MMLU query is patched frequently the first time it is encountered, but is part of very large patches the next three times, which, although inference efficient, maybe undesirable for reasoning. One method that we use to avoid such a “entropy” drift is by resetting the entropy context with new lines and using a approximate monotonicity constraint (see Section 4.4). + +26 + +**Figure 9** An example of default entropy-based patching with global threshold during inference on mmlu. Green denotes the prompt, Blue denotes the few-shot examples, and red denotes the question to be answered. Note that the size of the patches for the repeated phrases in the answer choices is much larger, which means that the global model is invoked significantly fewer times than its tokenizer-based counterpart, with this inference patching scheme. + +27 + diff --git a/docs/papers/2412.13171v1.md b/docs/papers/2412.13171v1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c0ba5f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/papers/2412.13171v1.md @@ -0,0 +1,402 @@ +# **Compressed Chain of Thought: Efficient Reasoning through Dense Representations** + +## **Jeffrey Cheng**[1] **Benjamin Van Durme**[1] + +## **Abstract** + +Chain-of-thought (CoT) decoding enables language models to improve reasoning performance at the cost of high generation latency in decoding. Recent proposals have explored variants of _contemplation tokens_ , a term we introduce that refers to special tokens used during inference to allow for extra computation. Prior work has considered fixed-length sequences drawn from a _discrete_ set of embeddings as contemplation tokens. Here we propose Compressed Chain-of-Thought (CCoT), a framework to generate _contentful_ and _continuous_ contemplation tokens of variable sequence length. The generated contemplation tokens are compressed representations of explicit reasoning chains, and our method can be applied to off-theshelf decoder language models. Through experiments, we illustrate how CCoT enables additional reasoning over dense contentful representations to achieve corresponding improvements in accuracy. Moreover, the reasoning improvements can be adaptively modified on demand by controlling the number of contemplation tokens generated. + +## **1. Introduction** + +Chain-of-Thought (CoT) refers to the Large Language Model (LLM) technique in which the model simulates the process of thinking out loud by decomposing a complex question into parts and sequentially reasoning through each step. This behavior can be induced by finetuning on a dataset or human feedback (Liu et al., 2023; Puerto et al., 2024), demonstrating through ICL (Wei et al., 2023), or by providing tuned model instructions (Kojima et al., 2023). While CoT improves the reasoning capabilities of LLMs on a variety of tasks, the improvements come at the cost of a high generation latency. For instance, GPT-4o takes 21.37 seconds to generate a response to the question shown in Fig- + +> 1Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, US. Correspondence to: Jeffrey Cheng _<_ jcheng71@jh.edu _>_ . + +ure 1 with CoT prompting, whereas it can answer the same question without CoT prompting in 2.81 seconds, achieving the same answer with an almost 10x speedup. + +Past work has utilized what we term _contemplation tokens_ as an alternative to explicit CoT reasoning traces (Pfau et al., 2024; Goyal et al., 2024). These are additional tokens used to introduce online memory, allowing for additional computations during inference. Instead of generating a reasoning chain entirely of explicit language tokens, the model conditions on a shorter sequence of contemplation tokens (Section 2). Contemplation tokens can either be _contentful_ , grounded in semantically meaningful text, or _noncontentful_ . There are many lines of prior work involving _noncontentful_ contemplation tokens drawn from a set of _discrete_ tokens; this paper introduces _contentful_ contemplation tokens that represent reasoning chains performed in _continuous_ space. + +Our framework, called Compressed Chain of Thought (CCoT), generates contemplation tokens which are compressed representations of language-based reasoning chains. These contemplation tokens are trained through teacher forcing with respect to the gold hidden states corresponding to full reasoning traces. Our framework can be adapted to pretrained LLMs through LoRA finetuning. Moreover, the variable compression ratio during training allows for needbased adjustments to the performance-efficiency tradeoff by controlling the number of tokens generated during inference. + +The contributions of this paper are as follows: + +1. We finetune pretrained decoder-only LLMs with our new CCOT framework and empirically evaluate their performance and throughput on GSM8K; + +2. We establish our framework in context of related work in filler tokens and CoT distillation in terms of performance and efficiency; + +3. We extend theoretical results and demonstrate the computational capacity of CCOT contemplations tokens. + +## **2. Related Work** + +**Distillation of Knowledge Chains** There has been work in distilling the computations done explicitly when decoding the reasoning chains into computation of the hidden states + +1 + +**Compressed Chain of Thought** + +_Figure 1._ Two approaches to step by step reasoning. Chain of Thought (CoT) prompting reasons via discrete language tokens, leading to long sequences that incur significant generation costs. In contrast Compressed Chain of Thought (CCOT) elicits reasoning with a short sequence of continuous embeddings, allowing for much greater throughput. + +of the answer (Deng et al., 2023; 2024). Contemporaneous work distills reasoning paths into continuous latent tokens (Hao et al., 2024). Our method differs in that the contemplation tokens we generate are grounded in text rather than only used as a signal to decode from. This is a critical distinction: our grounding offers the future potential for decoding the reasoning chain from the compressed representations, allowing for post-hoc human inspection of the LLM’s reasoning. Moreover, our method successfully adapts a much larger model (7B compared to 1.5B) using a fraction of data ( _≈_ 9000 instances in GSM8K compared to _≈_ 400000 instances in an unreleased augmented GSM8K). This suggests that our method can scale better to larger models and is more data efficient. + +**Filler (Pause) Tokens** Many previous methods have considered decoding _contemplation tokens_ to provide an LLM with more compute during inference time. These tokens have gone by many names, such as pause tokens (Goyal et al., 2024), memory tokens (Burtsev et al., 2021), filler tokens (Pfau et al., 2024), and thinking tokens (Herel & Mikolov, 2024). These works mainly focus on _noncontentful_ contemplation tokens, whose main advantage is their ability to be decoded in parallel, providing the model with a greater computational width without the need to autoregressively decode. + +They have been shown to increase the theoretical computational ability of Transformer LLMs (Pfau et al., 2024), but cannot simply be naively applied to induce reasoning gains (Lanham et al., 2023). However, through careful pretraining and finetuning, pause tokens have been shown to improve reasoning in both RNNs (Herel & Mikolov, 2024) and Transformers (Goyal et al., 2024). In contrast, the contemplation tokens generated by CCOT are contentful as they are compressed representations of reasoning chains. Moreover, they are decoded autoregressively resulting in a greater + +computational depth as well as width. + +**Contextual Compression** Transformer LLMs are the de facto standard architecture for modern NLP applications. However, due to the quadratic complexity of its selfattention mechanism, these LLMs are inefficient in tasks with long contexts. Many techniques have been proposed to alleviate this issue, including memory slots (Ge et al., 2024), dynamic compression into nuggets (Qin et al., 2024), and low level cache encoding (Liu et al., 2024). While most techniques rely on access to the intermediate hidden states of LLMs, there has also been work done in the context of APIonly LLMs (Jiang et al., 2023). Overall, most of the work in contextual compression deals with efficient compression of known context in order to improve generation latency. The compressed context can then be used in downstream tasks such as retrieval augmented generation or summarization. + +The area of context compression is orthogonal to _comptemplation tokens_ . The memory slots of (Ge et al., 2024) and the nuggets from (Qin et al., 2024) encode contentful representations of _known_ context, but they are only attended to and never generated during inference. While our work focuses on contentful representations of text, there are two crucial differences: our compressed representations are autoregressively _decoded_ during inference and they encode content that is a priori _unknown_ . + +**Chain of Thought** Chain-of-thought (Wei et al., 2023) was introduced as a prompting method leveraging in-context learning (ICL) using hand crafted demonstrations. Kojima et al. (2023) showed similar behavior could be elicited in a zero-shot context by instructing a model to “think stepby-step.” There have been a variety of innovations to CoT, improving on its efficiency and performance. + +In terms of efficiency, novel techniques include getting an LLM to generate steps in parallel from a generated tem- + +2 + +**Compressed Chain of Thought** + +|Method|Contentful|Format|Inference|Additional Notes| +|---|---|---|---|---| +|||||| +|Chain of Thought
(Wei et al.,2023)|Yes|Discrete|Variable-length;
Autoregressively|Best performing method across reasoning
tasks; requires no fnetuning; ineffcient
due to unconstrained sequence length.| +|||||| +|Filler Tokens
(Pfau et al.,2024)|No|Discrete|Fixed-length;
In parallel|Explicit example of problems only solv-
able with contemplation tokens.| +|||||| +|Pause Tokens
(Goyal et al.,2024)|No|Discrete|Fixed-length;
In parallel|Best gains seen when contemplation to-
kens are added during pretraining stage.| +|||||| +|COCONUT
(Hao et al.,2024)|Yes|Continuous|Fixed-length;
Autoregressively|Trains contemplation tokens by inserting
them after removing reasoning steps.| +|||||| +|CCOT
(**Ours**)|Yes|Continuous|Variable-length;
Autoregressively|Trains contemplation tokens to approxi-
mate compressed reasoning chains.| + + + +_Table 1._ A comparison of different methods to generate _contemplation tokens_ in order to introduce extra computation into models during inference. We characterize several aspects of the tokens: (1) contentful, the tokens are either intrinsically contentful or approximate/are distilled from contentful text; (2) format, whether the tokens are drawn from a discrete set of embeddings or are drawn from continuous space; and (3) inference, how the tokens are generated during inference. Any additional notes for each method are included as well. + +plate (Ning et al., 2024) and generating reasoning chains in parallel using Jacobi decoding (Kou et al., 2024; Zhang et al., 2024). In terms of performance, techniques include generating multiple reasoning paths (Yao et al., 2023), and finetuning on human feedback on generated chains (Liu et al., 2023; Puerto et al., 2024). Our method differs from prior work in improving the efficiency of CoT as it is not prompt-based and does not rely on Jacobi decoding. + +## **3. Contemplation Tokens** + +## **3.1. Preliminaries and Notation** + +We first give a brief overview of a causal decoder-only language model, equipped with standard Transformer blocks (Vaswani et al., 2023). Let _V_ be the vocabulary and _w_ 1: _n_ be an input sequence, _wi ∈ V_ . Let _d_ be the hidden dimension, _L_ be the number of layers, and _θ_ be the parameters of the model. The sequence is first passed through an embedding layer, resulting in a vector _w_ 1:[0] _n_[where each] _[ w] i_[0] _[∈]_[R] _[d]_[.][The] entire vector _w_ 1:[0] _n[∈]_[R] _[n][×][d]_[is then passed through a series] of Transformer blocks, _T[i]_ : R _[n][×][d] →_ R _[n][×][d]_ . We denote the output of each _T[i]_ as the _hidden states_ . The output of the final Transformer block, _w_ 1: _[L] n[∈]_[R] _[n][×][d]_[, is then passed] through the language model head to generate a distribution _p_ 1: _n_ , _pi ∈_ R _[|][V][ |]_ , from which the next token is sampled. + +**==> picture [215 x 57] intentionally omitted <==** + +Notation-wise, any lowercase letter will refer to a _token_ , lying in _V_ . Any lowercase letter with superscripts will refer to the hidden state after passing through the corresponding layer, lying in R _[d]_ . Any subscripts refers to a sequence. We will often omit superscripts and instead refer to embeddings with bars ( ¯ ) and the entire hidden state with hats ( ˆ ). Under this notation, we instead have EMBED( _w_ 1: _n_ ) = _w_ ¯1: _n_ , and with slight abuse of notation, ATTN( ¯ _w_ 1: _n_ ) = _w_ ˆ1: _n_ . + +There are also instances where hidden states of an input are computed under two different sets of weights. Suppose we have two sequences of embeddings _w_ ¯, _x_ ¯, and we want to compute the hidden states _w_ ˆ under weights _θ_ and compute the hidden states of _x_ ˆ under _ψ_ , but crucially conditioned on _w_ ˆ. In this case, we will write ATTN _θ,ψ_ ([ ¯ _w_ ; ¯ _x_ ]) = [ ˆ _w_ ; ˆ _x_ ] where semicolons indicate vector concatenation. + +## **3.2. Motivation** + +In question-answer settings, the input _w_ 1: _n_ is a query, and the answer _wn_ +1: _n_ + _o_ = _a_ 1: _o_ is generated autoregressively as described above. However as seen in the above description of forward passes through Transformer models, the amount of computations for each query is directly proportional to the query length _n_ . As such, we can introduce more computations to the model by attending to an a set of _contemplation tokens_ , defined to be any additional tokens generated during inference used to introduce addition memory allowing for additional computations during inference. Rather than solely attending to a query _q_ = _w_ 1: _n_ , we first can generate a set of contemplation tokens _t_ = _t_ 1: _m_ and attend to [ _q_ ; _t_ ] in order to decode a better answer. We emphasize that contemplation tokens are not a novel idea, but a term introduced to unify the many names given to this + +3 + +**Compressed Chain of Thought** + +concept (Section 2). + +We define the contemplation tokens _t_ to be _contentful_ if either the tokens themselves are semantically contentful or the hidden states corresponding to the contemplation tokens are derived from semantically contentful tokens. We define contemplation tokens that do not fulfill either of these conditions to be _noncontentful_ . An example of contentful contemplation tokens are the reasoning chains in chain of thought (Wei et al., 2023); they describe the model’s reasoning, fulfilling the first condition of being semantically meaningful. On the other hand, an example of noncontentful contemplation tokens are filler tokens (Pfau et al., 2024), as they are simply period characters and their hidden states are trained without any signal from semantically contentful hidden states. + +Chain of thought turns out to be the only prior method involving contentful contemplation tokens. The performance gains from utilizing chain of thought are clear; however these benefits are offset by the high generation latency. Suppose the input query consists of _n_ tokens and its corresponding reasoning chain consists of _m_ tokens. As each of the tokens in the reasoning chain need to be autoregressively decoded, the generation of the reasoning chain incurs the cost of _m_ extra passes through the model. Moreover when decoding the answer, the model has to attend to the additional _m_ tokens, resulting in _O_ ( _m_[2] ) more computations when passing through each attention module. As reasoning chains are often many times longer than the query, the amount of extra computations increases dramatically.[1] + +## **3.3. Compressing Reasoning Chains** + +Prior work showed that _noncontentful_ contemplation tokens only improved reasoning when the task was computationally bottlenecked (Pfau et al., 2024) or when the tokens were introduced during pretraining (Goyal et al., 2024). We instead aim to utilize _contentful_ contemplation tokens as we believe they would be more applicable to a wider set of tasks. To generate contentful contemplation tokens, we take inspiration from an empirical observation of CoT decoding. + +Suppose we have an input query _w_ 1: _n_ and its corresponding reasoning chain _t_ 1: _m_ . We compute the hidden states of concatenated input as _x_ = [ ˆ _w_ 1: _n_ ; _t_[ˆ] 1: _m_ ]. Decoding an answer conditioned on the hidden states _x_ is equivalent to prompting a language model with the query and chain of thought. Consider taking a subset of _t_[ˆ] 1: _m_ along the sequence length axis, denoted as _z_ 1: _k_ for some _k << m_ . Specifically, for each 1 _≤ i ≤ k_ , there exists some 1 _≤ j ≤ m_ such that _zi_ = _t_[ˆ] _j_ at each layer. We observe that training an adapter to + +1The average reasoning chain in GSM is 1.5 times longer than their corresponding query. Reasoning chains provided by GPT o1 are hundred of times longer than their query. + +decode conditioning on this shortened [ _x_ 1: _n_ ; _z_ 1: _k_ ] results in lossless performance on downstream tasks. + +Given a query _q_ , the naive method utilizing this observation would be to autoregressively generate the reasoning chain _t_ , select some learned subset of the encoded hidden states _z_ , and train an adapter to decode from the query and subset of hidden states. While this method results in a shorter input sequence when generating the answer and thus reduces the attention computations when decoding the answer, it would still incur the linear cost in generating the reasoning chain. We instead propose learning a module to generate the compressed representations _z_ directly. We denote this module as CCOT, short for **c** ompressed **c** hain **o** f **t** hought, as the contemplation tokens it generates are compressed representations of reasoning chains instead of the full chain. + +## **4. Approach** + +Assume we have a pretrained causal decoder-only language model LM, parameterized by weights _θ_ . We wish to train two modules, CCOT and DECODE, respectively parameterized by weights _φ_ and _ψ_ . At a high level given a query, CCOT _φ_ is responsible for the generation of contemplation tokens. DECODE _ψ_ is responsible for decoding the answer conditioned on the initial query and contemplation tokens. + +Consider a training instance consisting of a query, full reasoning chain and answer, denoted as _w_ 1: _n, t_ 1: _m_ and _a_ 1: _o_ , respectively. Assume some fixed compression ratio 0 _< r <_ 1 and let _k_ = _⌈r · m⌉_ . This compression ratio controls how much the reasoning chains are compressed; _r_ = 1 corresponds to finetuning on the full reasoning chain while a _r_ = 0 corresponds to finetuning on just the answer. _φ_ and _ψ_ are fine-tuned successively, each initialized from _θ_ . + +## **4.1. Finetuning CCOT** _φ_ + +The goal of CCOT _φ_ is to generate contemplation tokens. Under CCOT, these tokens are a compressed representation of a full reasoning chain, equivalent to a size _k_ subset of the hidden states _t_[ˆ] 1: _m_ produced by LM _θ_ . Since processing all of _t_ and then performing a subset selection still incurs the linear cost of generating all _m_ tokens, CCOT _φ_ is thus trained to **approximate a subset of precomputed hidden states** . + +To achieve this, we first precompute the hidden states of the concatenated input. We next use a checkpoint of a scorer used to perform a similar subset selection from Qin et al. (2024) in order to perform the subset selection of the hidden states. This scorer is simply a linear layer that takes the embeddings from a predetermined layer _T_ as input, and returns the indices of the selected subset. We discuss other + +4 + +**Compressed Chain of Thought** + +methods of subset selection in Section 5.2. + +**==> picture [189 x 42] intentionally omitted <==** + +We have that _|I|_ = _k_ , and we can index the hidden states ˆ _z_ 1: _k_ = _wI_ to serve as the gold labels. We aim to generate _k_ contemplation tokens _z_ ˆ1: _k_ conditioned on _w_ 1: _n_ under _φ_ to approximate the labels, but is not immediately clear what inputs we should use to generate the contemplation tokens. + +A reasonable choice is to use the embeddings of the tokens corresponding to the selected indices, _w_ ˆ _I_ . This choice would make the hidden state approximation easier due to skip connections in the attention layer: _w_ ˆ _I_ are the exact inputs used to compute the hidden states in the noncompressed case. However, the selected tokens are usually punctuation tokens and articles. This choice would require predicting a random sequence of semantically empty tokens when autoregressively decoding as we pass the last layer embeddings ˆ _zi[L]_ through the language model head. Another option would be to learn a single embedding as input to generate each hidden state, but this choice removes the additional computational depth induced by autoregressive decoding. + +We instead take inspiration from reasoning over continuous space and use the intermediate hidden layers of the previous contemplation token as input to the next token. Formally, the inputs to generate the contemplation tokens _z_ ˆ1: _k_ are the embeddings of _z_ 0: _[l] k−_ 1[at][some][fixed][layer] _[l]_[where] _[z]_[0] represents the hidden state of the last token of the query. + +This choice is quite natural as it generalizes the naive autoregressive decoding strategy (Section 4.3). We train the parameters of _φ_ layer by layer with the following loss: + +**==> picture [171 x 30] intentionally omitted <==** + +where _σ_[2] ( _z_ ) denotes the variance of _z_ and MSE denotes the usual mean squared error between two vectors. We use a scaled mean squared error in order to normalize hidden states with average _L_[1] norms. These norms differ drastically between different layers within the same model, so the scaled loss allows us to keep a consistent learning rate. + +To train the _i_ th layer, we pass in the inputs described above and compute forward passes through _i_ Transformer layers, crucially only updating the parameters corresponding to the _i_ th layer. When training subsequent layers, the parameters corresponding to the _i_ th layer are frozen. This provides a natural segmentation to the approximation task, and we found this improved the generated contemplation tokens. + +## **4.2. Finetuning DECODE** _ψ_ + +We assume a trained module CCOT _φ_ . Compressed reasoning chains are out of distribution for _θ_ , so we need a separate module in order to effectively condition on the generated contemplation tokens. We train DECODE _ψ_ to **decode the answer from the query and contemplation tokens** . + +To do this, we first encode the hidden states of the query and autoregressively generate contemplation tokens _z_ 1: _[∗] k_[.][Con-] + +|**Algorithm 1**Chain of Thought inference|**Algorithm 1**Chain of Thought inference|**Algorithm 2** CCOTinference|| +|---|---|---|---| +|**Require:** Query_w_, parameters_θ_||**Require:** Query_w_, parameters_θ, φ,_|_ψ_,autoregressive layer_l_| +|1: ¯_w ←_EMBED_θ_(_w_)|_▷embed query_|1: ¯_w ←_EMBED_θ_(_w_)|_▷embed query_| +|2: ˆ_w ←_ATTN_θ_( ¯_w_)|_▷compute hidden states_|2: ˆ_w ←_ATTN_θ_( ¯_w_)|_▷compute hidden states_| +|3: _z ←_[_⟨COT⟩_]||3: _z ←_[ ˆ_wl_
_−_1]|| +|4: **while**_z−_1 =_⟨ANS⟩_**do**||4: **while** END_ψ_(ˆ_zL_)is_False_ **do**|| +|5:
[ ˆ_w_; ˆ_z_]_←_ATTN_θ_([ ¯_w_;EMBED_θ_(_z_)])||5:
[ ˆ_w_; ˆ_z_]_←_ATTN_θ,φ_([ ¯_w_;_z_])|_▷gen. cont. token_| +|6:
_x ∼_HEAD_θ_(ˆ_zL_
_−_1)||6:|| +|7:
_z ←_[_z_;_x_]||7:
_z ←_[_z_;ˆ_zl_
_−_1]|_▷append cont. token_| +|8: **end while**||8: **end while**|| +|9: _a ←_[_⟨ANS⟩_]||9: _a ←_[_⟨ANS⟩_]|| +|10: **while**_a−_1 =_⟨EOS⟩_**do**||10: **while**_a−_1 =_⟨EOS⟩_**do**|| +|11:
[ ˆ_w_; ˆ_z_; ˆ_a_]_←_ATTN_θ_([ ¯_w_1:_n_;EMBED_θ_([_z_;_a_])])||11:
[ ˆ_w_; ˆ_z_; ˆ_a_]_←_ATTN_θ,φ,ψ_([ ¯_w_1:_n_;|_z_;EMBED_θ_(_a_)])| +|12:
_x ∼_HEAD_θ_(ˆ_aL_
_−_1)|_▷sample answer token_|12:
_x ∼_HEAD_ψ_(ˆ_aL_
_−_1)|_▷sample answer token_| +|13:
_a ←_[_a_;_x_]||13:
_a ←_[_a_:_x_]|| +|14: **end while**||14: **end while**|| +|15: **return**_a_||15: **return**_a_|| + + + +_Figure 2._ Two algorithms for inference with contemplation tokens. Algorithm 1 describes the usual chain of thought decoding while Algorithm 2 describes our method, obtained by replacing the yellow text with the cyan text. While CoT decoding decodes contemplation tokens by passing the LM head across the final hidden state, we use the hidden state at the _l_ th layer directly. + +5 + +**Compressed Chain of Thought** + +trasting the training of CCOT _φ_ , we perform this generation **autoregressively** rather than using the precomputed embeddings _z_ 0: _[l] k−_ 1[described in][ Section 4.1][ We start by passing] in _z_ 0 _[l]_[and compute the hidden states] _[z]_[ˆ][1][.][We then autoregres-] sively take ˆ _z_ 1 _[l]_[as the next input to generate][ ˆ] _[z]_[2][, until an entire] sequence _z_ ˆ1: _k_ is generated. Then, conditioning on the query and contemplation tokens, we pass in the answer tokens _a_ 1: _o_ and compute the next-token distributions _p_ 1: _o_ . + +We finetune _ψ_ with the usual cross-entropy loss given the computed distributions where the probabilities of the next token _ai_ are drawn from the distribution _pi−_ 1. + +**==> picture [191 x 29] intentionally omitted <==** + +The tokens of _a_ are conditioned on the contemplation tokens _z_ ˆ generated under _φ_ . By unfreezing the parameters _φ_ when finetuning the parameters _ψ_ using LOSS _ψ_ , we note that the parameters _φ_ receive signal from the downstream task. + +Empirically, we find that this signal is not entirely useful – downstream performance decreased if all the parameters _φ_ are unfrozen. We hypothesize that updating the parameters corresponding to earlier layers affects the autoregressive generation of the contemplation tokens. As such, we find that unfreezing the parameters corresponding to layers _after_ the autoregressive layer _l_ ends up improving performance. + +_k_ will not be known during test time, so we additionally train a binary classifier END _ψ_ that takes the final layer of generated hidden states _z_ ˆ _i[L]_[as input and either predicts whether] another contemplation token token should be generated. We stop generating contemplation tokens after _h_ tokens. We set _h_ = 200 _r_ , which would only prematurely terminate less than 3% of the long tailed distribution of reasoning chains. + +## **4.3. Inference** + +Assume we have a pretrained causal decoder-only language model parameterized by weights _θ_ . Additionally, assume trained modules CCOT _φ_ , DECODE _ψ_ and the end predictor END _ψ_ . Given a query _w_ , we describe inference in Algorithm 2. We remark that our method to generate contemplation tokens is quite natural; Algorithm 1 describes the usual chain of thought inference and the differences are marked, cyan for our method and Yellow for naive CoT decoding. + +The most crucial difference is that when CCOT generates contemplation tokens (lines 4-7), it uses _l_ th layer of the last token’s hidden state as a _continuous_ next input. In contrast when CoT generates contemplation tokens, it uses the final _L_ th layer to do the usual autoregressive decoding described in Section 3.1, passing to a _discrete_ set of tokens. Moreover, if _m_ is the average length of reasoning chains under _θ_ , CCOT will generate on average only _k_ = _⌈r × m⌉_ contemplation + +tokens, whereas CoT will generate on average all _m_ tokens. + +## **4.4. Implementation Details** + +We use LORA (Hu et al., 2021) in order to finetune _φ_ and _ψ_ with ranks of 128 and 64, respectively. When generating the gold hidden states, we pass the _T_ = 3 layer to perform our subset selection and the _l_ = 15 as inputs. We also take the hidden state at the _l_ th layer to do autoregressive generation of contemplation tokens when finetuning _ψ_ and during inference. We use the decoder-only Transformer architecture of LLAMA for our experiments, taking the LLAMA2-7B-CHAT checkpoint (Touvron et al., 2023) as our base model. + +## **5. Experiments** + +## **5.1. Experimental Setups** + +We evaluate our CCOT framework on the reasoning dataset GSM8K (Cobbe et al., 2021). For the reasoning chains required to train both modules, we use the chains of thought provided with the dataset. We remove all calculator annotations present in the reasoning chain, only keeping the natural language reasoning. We finetune _φ_ with precomputed gold states with two compression ratios, _r_ = [0 _._ 05 _,_ 0 _._ 10]. We emphasize that the choice of _r_ is a training time decision, CCOT _φ_ approximates the hidden states under the fixed compression ratio _r_ . + +We compare our results to two baselines of _r_ = [0 _._ 0 _,_ 1 _._ 0]. These compression ratios are the two extreme values of the compression spectrum we introduce, corresponding to the cases of no reasoning chain and full reasoning chain. We finetune the model with the usual cross entropy loss on the dataset; For _r_ = 0 _._ 0, the model directly outputs the answer without generating any contemplation tokens. For _r_ = 1 _._ 0, the model generates the explicit reasoning chain as its contemplation tokens during inference. + +Additionally, we compare to PAUSE, a method derived from Goyal et al. (2024). We finetune the model with no reasoning chains, but for a given ratio _r_ , append _k_ = _⌈r × m⌉_ contemplation tokens between the query and answer where _m_ is the length of the reasoning chain. We learn the input embedding of the special token, chosen to be _⟨pause⟩_ . These pause tokens are added to provide the model with an enhanced computational width (See Section 6.2 for further discussion). We evaluate with the same compression ratios _r_ = [0 _._ 05 _,_ 0 _._ 10] to measure the effect of the tokens. + +## **5.2. Results and Discussion** + +We provide our main results in Table 2. Accuracy refers to the exact match accuracy obtained on the test set with no in-context examples. Decode time refers to the average time to generate an answer to a test set query, measured in + +6 + +**Compressed Chain of Thought** + +|Format
CCOT
CCOT
CCOT
CCOT|1_/r_
_∞_
20x
10x
1x|Acc. (EM)
0.089
0.151
0.179
0.315|Decode Time
0.33
0.49
0.78
8.10| +|---|---|---|---| +|PAUSE|20x|0.092|0.35| +|PAUSE|10x|0.099|0.37| + + + +_Table 2._ Accuracy and decode time on GSM8K (Cobbe et al., 2021) contrasting our method, CCOT, and PAUSE (Goyal et al., 2024) each equipped with two different compression ratios against baselines of no compression (full reasoning chains) and infinite compression (no contemplation tokens). Higher accuracy indicates better performance, while lower decode time indicates better efficiency. + +seconds by wall clock time on a single Nvidia A100 GPU. + +With a compression ratio of _r_ = 0 _._ 10, we see a 9 point improvement over the baseline with no contemplation tokens. This accuracy gain is achieved with an only 0.4 second increase in generation time. If we reduce _r_ to 0.05, we still see a sizable 6 point improvement over the baseline, with a generation time increase of only around 0.15 seconds. In contrast, even though the contemplation tokens generated by PAUSE could be decoded faster, they were only able to nominally improve performance. We hypothesize that even though these tokens provide the model with additional computations, reasoning datasets like GSM8K require more sequential computations over parallel ones. Ultimately, our results show equipping a model with dense, contentful contemplation tokens produced by CCOT allows the model to reason better than if it had no contemplation tokens, or used a discrete set of noncontentful ones. + +## **6. Further Discussion** + +## **6.1. Hyperparameter Choices** + +**Varying** _r_ As _r_ controls how many contemplation tokens are generated, it makes sense that increasing _r_ would increase both accuracy and decode time. However, we found that accuracy plateaus after a certain threshold, about _r_ = 0 _._ 2. We hypothesize that this occurs because successive contemplation tokens are autoregressively decoded using the hidden state at the _l_ layer, which propagates an approximation to the next contemplation token generation. We suspect the noise from the approximation errors eventually outweighs the signal provided by the contemplation tokens. + +**Varying** _l_ We find that the choice of _l_ is important – we were unable to learn good weights for _φ_ when _l_ was set close to either 0 or the last layer _L_ . We hypothesize that hidden states at earlier layers (small _l_ ) still incorporate a lot of localized information about the token itself while + +hidden states at later layers (large _l_ ) instead incorporate a lot of localized information about the _next_ token. As such, we found that _l ≈ L/_ 2 resulted in the best performance; we hypothesize that the hidden states at intermediate layers encode global information it them suitable for autoregressive decoding scheme we use to generate contemplation tokens. We provide results with other layer choices in Appendix A. + +**Subset selection** We used a learned scorer module to perform the subset selection of the gold hidden states to be emulated by _φ_ . In practice, we found that simply taking _k_ evenly spaced tokens resulted in a similar performance. However, we note that a module trained to decode from gold hidden states (in the setup described in Section 3.3) achieves lossless performance compared to decoding from the full reasoning chain, even for small values of _r_ . As such, we hypothesize that it is possible to learn a better scorer to identify a subset of hidden states that is easier to emulate; a better approximation of the gold hidden states could lead to lossless performance while only taking a fraction of the time to decode. The observed performance-efficiency tradeoff also likely occurs because it is easier to approximate sequences with less compression. + +## **6.2. Theoretical Considerations** + +We explore the enhanced computational expressivity offered by contemplation tokens and crucially identify the advantage of decoding contemplation tokens autoregressively rather than in parallel. We provide a few high level intuitions that are formalized in Appendix B. + +**Width** Suppose we have a Transformer block ATTN and an input _w_ ¯1: _n_ . Computing ATTN( ¯ _w_ 1: _n_ ) results in _O_ ( _n_ ) parallel operations. If we pass in _m_ additional contemplation tokens in parallel and compute ATTN( ¯ _w_ 1: _n_ + _m_ ), we now perform _O_ ( _n_ + _m_ ) parallel operations. The extra computations matter in tasks when the number of parallel operations required is greater than the input sequence length. This can occur when answering succinctly phrased problems that require many parallel operations: “compute all pairwise sums in the following list” or “select all combinations of dependent logical statements that can be mutually true” Computing pairwise sums of an _n_ element list requires processing _O_ ( _n_[2] ) parallel computations and computing the validity of all possible logical combinations of _n_ facts requires processing _O_ (2 _[n]_ ) ones. As _n_ grows, introducing contemplation tokens during inference in these _width-bottlenecked_ scenarios can allow models to solve additional problems. + +**Depth** Suppose we have a model consisting of _L_ Transformer blocks, and we generate contemplation tokens autoregressively than in parallel. Passing in _m_ additional contemplation tokens still results in the increased _O_ ( _n_ + _m_ ) parallel + +7 + +**Compressed Chain of Thought** + +operations, but also resuts in _O_ ( _mL_ ) sequential operations. These extra computations matter in tasks when the number of sequential operations required is greater than the depth of the model. This can occur in multi-hop question answering tasks or when determining the best move in sequential games such as go and chess. Introducing autoregressively decoded contemplation tokens in these _depth-bottlenecked_ scenarios can allow models to solve additional problems. + +To collect these observations into a formal theorem, we build from prior work that provides an analysis of the computational power of contemplation tokens decoded in parallel (Goyal et al., 2024). We restate their theorem below: + +**Theorem 6.1** ( **From Goyal et al. (2024)** ) **.** _Assume that the attention module has sufficiently many parameters (K) that is much larger than the number of input tokens (N ). Then there are tasks that M independent computations, where N < M < K), such that a 2-layer Transformer can implement the task if and only if it uses contemplation tokens._ + +Under the same assumptions, autoregressively decoded contemplation tokens can solve a broader class of problems. When the depth of a task _D_ exceeds the number of layers in a model _L_ , the model can only represent _L_ steps out of the required _D_ steps. Our intuition is that contemplation tokens can “save” the intermediate steps, so autoregressively the model’s representation of the _L_ th step as the input to the next token allows for the next forward pass to implement another _L_ steps on top of the saved work. Thus, any task of depth _D_ can be solved with an additional _D/L_ contemplation tokens. We note that in CCOT, we only pass in the representation of the _l ≈ L/_ 2 step, but this doesn’t detract from the asymptotic representational capacity; we simply require an additional _D/l_ tokens instead of _D/L_ . We informally state our theorem below, see Theorem B.5. + +**Theorem 6.2.** _Assume the conditions in Theorem 6.1. Then, there are tasks that involve M independent computations of a depth D >_ 2 _such that a 2-layer Transformer can implement the task if and only if it autoregressively decodes contemplation tokens._ + +## **7. Conclusion** + +We propose a new framework, CCOT, to generate contentful and autoregressively decoded contemplation tokens, a term we introduce to unify the terms given to tokens introducing additional computation to a language model. CCOT provides substantial improvements over the baseline as well as methods introduced by prior work. We additionally show how reasoning can be viewed as efficiency-performance tradeoff through the adaptive compression ratio. Overall, our work demonstrates the potential of using contentful contemplation tokens as an alternative to explicit reasoning chains, suggesting a new paradigm of reasoning in continuous space. + +## **References** + +- Burtsev, M. S., Kuratov, Y., Peganov, A., and Sapunov, G. V. Memory transformer, 2021. URL https://arxiv. org/abs/2006.11527. + +- Cobbe, K., Kosaraju, V., Bavarian, M., Chen, M., Jun, H., Kaiser, L., Plappert, M., Tworek, J., Hilton, J., Nakano, R., Hesse, C., and Schulman, J. Training verifiers to solve math word problems, 2021. URL https://arxiv. org/abs/2110.14168. + +- Deng, Y., Prasad, K., Fernandez, R., Smolensky, P., Chaudhary, V., and Shieber, S. Implicit chain of thought reasoning via knowledge distillation, 2023. URL https: //arxiv.org/abs/2311.01460. + +- Deng, Y., Choi, Y., and Shieber, S. From explicit cot to implicit cot: Learning to internalize cot step by step, 2024. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.14838. + +- Ge, T., Hu, J., Wang, L., Wang, X., Chen, S.-Q., and Wei, F. In-context autoencoder for context compression in a large language model, 2024. URL https://arxiv. org/abs/2307.06945. + +- Goyal, S., Ji, Z., Rawat, A. S., Menon, A. K., Kumar, S., and Nagarajan, V. Think before you speak: Training language models with pause tokens, 2024. URL https: //arxiv.org/abs/2310.02226. + +- Hao, S., Sukhbaatar, S., Su, D., Li, X., Hu, Z., Weston, J., and Tian, Y. Training large language models to reason in a continuous latent space, 2024. URL https:// arxiv.org/abs/2412.06769. + +- Herel, D. and Mikolov, T. Thinking tokens for language modeling, 2024. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/ 2405.08644. + +- Hu, E. J., Shen, Y., Wallis, P., Allen-Zhu, Z., Li, Y., Wang, S., Wang, L., and Chen, W. Lora: Low-rank adaptation of large language models, 2021. URL https://arxiv. org/abs/2106.09685. + +- Jiang, H., Wu, Q., Lin, C.-Y., Yang, Y., and Qiu, L. Llmlingua: Compressing prompts for accelerated inference of large language models, 2023. URL https: //arxiv.org/abs/2310.05736. + +- Kojima, T., Gu, S. S., Reid, M., Matsuo, Y., and Iwasawa, Y. Large language models are zero-shot reasoners, 2023. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.11916. + +- Kou, S., Hu, L., He, Z., Deng, Z., and Zhang, H. Cllms: Consistency large language models, 2024. URL https: //arxiv.org/abs/2403.00835. + +8 + +**Compressed Chain of Thought** + +- Lanham, T., Chen, A., Radhakrishnan, A., Steiner, B., Denison, C., Hernandez, D., Li, D., Durmus, E., Hubinger, E., Kernion, J., Lukosiˇ ut¯ e,˙ K., Nguyen, K., Cheng, N., Joseph, N., Schiefer, N., Rausch, O., Larson, R., McCandlish, S., Kundu, S., Kadavath, S., Yang, S., Henighan, T., Maxwell, T., Telleen-Lawton, T., Hume, T., HatfieldDodds, Z., Kaplan, J., Brauner, J., Bowman, S. R., and Perez, E. Measuring faithfulness in chain-of-thought reasoning, 2023. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/ 2307.13702. + +- Liu, H., Sferrazza, C., and Abbeel, P. Chain of hindsight aligns language models with feedback, 2023. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.02676. + +- Liu, Y., Li, H., Cheng, Y., Ray, S., Huang, Y., Zhang, Q., Du, K., Yao, J., Lu, S., Ananthanarayanan, G., Maire, M., Hoffmann, H., Holtzman, A., and Jiang, J. Cachegen: Kv cache compression and streaming for fast large language model serving. In _Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2024 Conference_ , ACM SIGCOMM ’24, pp. 38–56, New York, NY, USA, 2024. Association for Computing Machinery. ISBN 9798400706141. doi: 10.1145/3651890.3672274. URL https://doi. org/10.1145/3651890.3672274. + +- Ning, X., Lin, Z., Zhou, Z., Wang, Z., Yang, H., and Wang, Y. Skeleton-of-thought: Prompting llms for efficient parallel generation, 2024. URL https://arxiv.org/ abs/2307.15337. + +Saladi, K., Schelten, A., Silva, R., Smith, E. M., Subramanian, R., Tan, X. E., Tang, B., Taylor, R., Williams, A., Kuan, J. X., Xu, P., Yan, Z., Zarov, I., Zhang, Y., Fan, A., Kambadur, M., Narang, S., Rodriguez, A., Stojnic, R., Edunov, S., and Scialom, T. Llama 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models, 2023. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.09288. + + - Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., Uszkoreit, J., Jones, L., Gomez, A. N., Kaiser, L., and Polosukhin, I. Attention is all you need, 2023. URL https://arxiv.org/ abs/1706.03762. + + - Wei, J., Wang, X., Schuurmans, D., Bosma, M., Ichter, B., Xia, F., Chi, E., Le, Q., and Zhou, D. Chain-ofthought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models, 2023. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/ 2201.11903. + + - Yao, S., Yu, D., Zhao, J., Shafran, I., Griffiths, T. L., Cao, Y., and Narasimhan, K. Tree of thoughts: Deliberate problem solving with large language models, 2023. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.10601. + + - Zhang, H., Liu, Z., Zhao, Y., Zheng, J., Zhuang, C., Gu, J., and Chen, G. Fast chain-of-thought: A glance of future from parallel decoding leads to answers faster, 2024. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.08263. + +- Pfau, J., Merrill, W., and Bowman, S. R. Let’s think dot by dot: Hidden computation in transformer language models, 2024. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2404. 15758. + +- Puerto, H., Chubakov, T., Zhu, X., Madabushi, H. T., and Gurevych, I. Fine-tuning with divergent chains of thought boosts reasoning through self-correction in language models, 2024. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2407. 03181. + +- Qin, G., Rosset, C., Chau, E. C., Rao, N., and Durme, B. V. Dodo: Dynamic contextual compression for decoder-only lms, 2024. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2310. 02409. + +- Touvron, H., Martin, L., Stone, K., Albert, P., Almahairi, A., Babaei, Y., Bashlykov, N., Batra, S., Bhargava, P., Bhosale, S., Bikel, D., Blecher, L., Ferrer, C. C., Chen, M., Cucurull, G., Esiobu, D., Fernandes, J., Fu, J., Fu, W., Fuller, B., Gao, C., Goswami, V., Goyal, N., Hartshorn, A., Hosseini, S., Hou, R., Inan, H., Kardas, M., Kerkez, V., Khabsa, M., Kloumann, I., Korenev, A., Koura, P. S., Lachaux, M.-A., Lavril, T., Lee, J., Liskovich, D., Lu, Y., Mao, Y., Martinet, X., Mihaylov, T., Mishra, P., Molybog, I., Nie, Y., Poulton, A., Reizenstein, J., Rungta, R., + +9 + +**Compressed Chain of Thought** + +## **A. Varying the autoregressive layer** + +Our method CCOT autoregressively generates contemplation tokens by using the hidden state at the _l_ th layer at index _i_ as the input embedding at index _i_ + 1. We show the results of varying this autoregressive layer _l_ . We have that _l_ = 0 corresponds to the embedding layer and _l_ = _L_ corresponds to the final layer prior to passing through the model head. + +|Autoregressive
Layer|Accuracy (EM)| +|---|---| +|NONE|0.089| +|3|0.087| +|15|0.151| +|31|0.092| + + + +_Table 3._ Accuracy on GSM8K with our method CCOT with a compression ratio of _r_ = 0 _._ 05 when varying the autoregressive layer _l_ . NONE refers to the baseline where no contemplation tokens are decoded during inference. + +## **B. Further Theoretical Considerations** + +In this section, we formalize the two insights outlined in Section 6.2. We note that an analysis of the enhanced computation width provided by contemplation tokens decoded in parallel was provided by Goyal et al. (2024). They established a series of assumptions and defined a class of problems involving many parallel operations that a 2-layer Transformer is able to solve only if it leverages contemplation tokens. + +We observe that any tasks able to be solved by decoding contemplation tokens in parallel can also be solved by decoding contemplation tokens autoregressively. We thus extend the results from Goyal et al. (2024) by defining a more general set of problems that a 2-layer Transformer is able to solve only if it decodes contemplation tokens autoregressively. + +In CCOT, contemplation tokens are decoded autoregressively by using the hidden state at the _l_ th layer as the next input. As we take _l ≈ L/_ 2, we adapt this framework to a 2-layer Transformer by using the only intermediate layer, _l_ = 1. We formally introduce the new class of problems and outline the assumptions made by Goyal et al. (2024) below. + +**Assumption B.1.** _**(structure of underlying task)** Assume a vocabulary V and a embedding dimension of d. Let ◦ be a genetic 2-ary operator on the embedding space_ R _[d] . For a given input length N , define the class of functions FM,K to be the set of all functions f_ : _V[N] →V that require applying computing M different ◦ operations of depth K, followed by a generic aggregation function g_ : R _[M][×][d] →V._ + +Here, we assume that the vocabulary is passed into the embedding space through an embedding layer prior to the + +Transformer blocks. This embedding layer is given as _h_ : _V →_ R _[d]_ . We define _FM,K_ symbolically as + +**==> picture [232 x 55] intentionally omitted <==** + +Previous work only considered the case of _K_ = 2 (Goyal et al., 2024), which lends itself well to parallel tasks. This structure extends this case by considering inputs to _g_ that require more sequential computation. Examples of these tasks that require more sequential computations include computing the sums of all triplets in a list of numbers, multi-hop QA tasks, and generally any problem requiring recursion. + +The following assumptions are taken from Goyal et al. (2024). Further details can be found in the original paper. + +**Assumption B.2.** _**(information bandwidth limit of Transformer hidden states)** We assume that the hidden state corresponding to the ith token at any layer can be represented as_ ( _ui, i_ ) _by a mapping h_ : R _[d] →V ×_ N _._ + +**Assumption B.3.** _**(representational limits of Transformer operations)** Let v ∈_ R _[N][×][d] be a sequence of hidden states. Assume that at every index i ∈{_ 1 _, · · · , N },_ ATTN( _v_ ) _i can represent two types of functions._ + +- The _◦_ operation on the hidden states of two arbitrary indices _j, k_ . We keep the same assumptions that the self-attention module can select the two indices and the feed-forward module can implement the _◦_ operation, ATTN( _v_ ) _i_ = _vj ◦ vk_ . + +- The aggregating function _g_ , the Transformer block can represent ATTN( _v_ ) _i_ = ( _g_ ( _v_ 1 _, · · · , vN_ ) _, i_ ). + +**Assumption B.4.** _**(the capacity of the Transformer block is independent of input length)** We assume that the selfattention module has at least_ 2 _T_ log _T parameters for some T >> N and thus can implement any of the T[T] possible index mappings This means that the self-attention module can select up to T pairs of ._ + +**Theorem B.5.** _Under the conditions outlined in Assumptions B.1 to B.4, the three following statements are true assuming an input sequence of length N ._ + +- _Standard inference with a 2-layer Transformer can only represent the function class FM,_ 2 _for M ≤ N ._ + +- _For any M ≤ T , a 2-layer Transformer that decodes M − N contemplation tokens in parallel can represent the function class FM,_ 2 _._ + +- _For any K >_ 2 _, MK ≤ T , a 2-layer Transformer that decodes MK − M contemplation tokens autoregressively can represent the function class FM,K._ + +10 + +**Compressed Chain of Thought** + +_Proof:_ To prove the first point, it suffices to show that we can represent the function class _FN,_ 2 under standard inference with an input sequence length of _N_ tokens. We demonstrate this via construction, computing _N_ distinct _◦_ operations in the first Transformer block, and the aggregation in the second Transformer block. In order to represent all possible choices of pairs, we need to have the _N_ representations of each token at the embedding layer. Expressing _N_ representations must use all _N_ indices by Assumption B.2. We use the natural choice of using the _i_ th index to represent the _i_ th token’s embedding. By Assumption B.4, we can compute the _N_ distinct _◦_ operations in the first Transformer block, and aggregate them using the second Transformer block. Thus, we show that we can represent _FN,_ 2. + +To prove the second point, it suffices to show that we can represent the function class _FN_ +1 _,_ 2 by appending a singular contemplation token. We know from Assumption B.2 that the second Transformer block can aggregate _N_ + 1 inputs. Assuming _N_ + 1 _≤ T_ , the first layer can compute the addition _◦_ operation by Assumption B.4. This argument follows by finite induction for any _N_ + _i ≤ T_ . + +For the last point, we observe that the autoregressive inputs will “save” an intermediate step which allows it to be conditioned on in the same layer. For instance, to compute _v_ ¯1 _◦ v_ ¯2 _◦ v_ ¯3 given the input _v_ = _v_ 1 _v_ 2 _v_ 3, we would let the output of the first block be ATTN(¯ _v_ )3 = _v_ ¯1 _◦ v_ ¯2. This gets passed autoregressively as the next input, denoted as _w_ ¯. Then ATTN(¯ _v_ )4 can select the index of the new token and the index of the third token to compute _w_ ¯ _◦ v_ ¯3 = _v_ ¯1 _◦ v_ ¯2 _◦ v_ ¯3. + +In order to compute a _◦_ operation of depth _K_ , we need to compute the sequential prefix _◦_ operations of depth _K −_ 1 _, · · · ,_ 2. This requires a total of _K −_ 1 extra autoregressively generated contemplation tokens just to compute a single _◦_ operation of depth _K_ . The worst case scenario is that none of the prefix _◦_ operations are shared, so autoregressively decoding _M_ ( _K −_ 1) contemplations will allow us to compute all _M ◦_ operations. We have at most _MK_ total tokens, so given _MK ≤ T_ , we can compute the desired _◦_ operations by Assumption B.4. □ + +11 + diff --git a/docs/papers/2412.17747v1.md b/docs/papers/2412.17747v1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7856b4d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/papers/2412.17747v1.md @@ -0,0 +1,440 @@ +## **Deliberation in Latent Space via Differentiable Cache Augmentation** + +**Luyang Liu**[1] **, Jonas Pfeiffer**[1] **, Jiaxing Wu**[1] **, Jun Xie**[1] **and Arthur Szlam**[1] 1Google DeepMind + +**Techniques enabling large language models (LLMs) to “think more” by generating and attending to intermediate reasoning steps have shown promise in solving complex problems. However, the standard approaches generate sequences of discrete tokens immediately before responding, and so they can incur significant latency costs and be challenging to optimize. In this work, we demonstrate that a frozen LLM can be augmented with an offline coprocessor that operates on the model’s key-value (kv) cache. This coprocessor augments the cache with a set of latent embeddings designed to improve the fidelity of subsequent decoding. We train this coprocessor using the language modeling loss from the decoder on standard pretraining data, while keeping the decoder itself frozen. This approach enables the model to learn, in an end-to-end differentiable fashion, how to distill additional computation into its kv-cache. Because the decoder remains unchanged, the coprocessor can operate offline and asynchronously, and the language model can function normally if the coprocessor is unavailable or if a given cache is deemed not to require extra computation. We show experimentally that when a cache is augmented, the decoder achieves lower perplexity on numerous subsequent tokens. Furthermore, even without any task-specific training, our experiments demonstrate that cache augmentation consistently reduces perplexity and improves performance across a range of reasoning-intensive tasks.** + +_Keywords: Latent reasoning, Cache augmentation, LLM_ + +## **1. Introduction** + +Recent research (Kojima et al., 2022; Wei et al., 2022; Wu et al., 2024) has shown that enabling large language models (LLMs) to generate, or even search over, intermediate sequences of steps before producing a final answer can significantly improve performance on reasoning tasks. More broadly, providing LLMs with the ability to allocate compute adaptively during generation can lead to more effective generation within a fixed compute budget (Schuster et al., 2022). However, at a high level, many of these “extra thinking” approaches are similar in that their sequences of intermediate outputs are discrete, making them difficult to train in an end-to-end fashion, and in that their extra “thinking” (i.e. computation) is performed just-in-time, as part of the output generating process. + +In this work, we introduce a fundamentally different approach, inspired by the literature on kv-cache compression (Ge et al., 2024; Mu et al., 2024). Our approach takes a step towards LLMs that can deliberate on their memories (encoded in the kv-cache), and distill these deliberations into a form usable for subsequent tasks. Specifically, our method processes the transformer’s cache and augments it with a set of soft tokens produced in a single forward pass–not sequentially. This extra processing is performed by a separate model, which we refer to as a “coprocessor”, while the base transformer remains frozen. Once the kv-cache is augmented with the coprocessor’s output (which we term “latent embeddings”), decoding proceeds as normal until the coprocessor is called again. This approach offers the following key advantages: + +**End-to-end Differentiability** : Our framework enables end-to-end backpropagation during coprocessor training, facilitating efficient optimization without the need for reinforcement learning techniques. + +_Corresponding author(s): luyangliu@google.com, aszlam@google.com_ © 2024 Google DeepMind. All rights reserved + +Deliberation in Latent Space via Differentiable Cache Augmentation + +We leverage the standard language-modeling loss on pre-training data, making the method scalable. **Asynchronous Operation** : Because cache augmentation improves results many tokens beyond the augmentation point, and because the base transformer remains frozen during coprocessor training, asynchronous coprocessor operation becomes feasible. This contrasts with existing methods where additional computation occurs sequentially, and online. Our approach opens the door to models that can strategically bank computation by deliberating and refining their internal memory, independent of composing a response to a query. + +We evaluate our method using Gemma-2 (Team-Gemma et al., 2024) models pretrained on a diverse dataset mixture. Our experiments demonstrate that without any fine-tuning on specific downstream tasks, our approach consistently improves performance across a range of reasoningintensive tasks. We observed that increasing the number of injected latent embeddings generally leads to better performance. For example, we observe a 10.05% improvement on GSM8K and a 4.70% improvement on MMLU, when augmenting the Gemma-2 2B model with 64 latent embeddings. These results highlight the potential of enhancing LLMs with kv-cache coprocessing for augmenting model capabilities. + +## **2. Methodology** + +We enhance a frozen LLM by training a coprocessor that inputs a key-value (kv) cache, and augments it with a set of soft tokens. This section details the architecture and training process of our approach. + +## **2.1. Problem statement** + +Given an input _𝑥_ and a desired target output _𝑦_ , and a pretrained, frozen LLM parameterized by _𝜃_ , we seek to learn a coprocessor, denoted by _𝑓_ . This coprocessor takes the kv-cache ( _𝑘𝜃,𝑥_ , _𝑣𝜃,𝑥_ ) generated by the frozen LLM when processing the input _𝑥_ as input, and outputs a sequence of latent representations _𝑧_ : + +**==> picture [275 x 11] intentionally omitted <==** + +The objective of learning _𝑓_ is to produce latent embeddings _𝑧_ that, when combined with the input _𝑥_ , improve the frozen LLM’s ability to generate the correct target _𝑦_ . Specifically, we aim to maximize the expected log-likelihood of the target _𝑦_ given the input _𝑥_ and the learned latent embeddings _𝑧_ , as predicted by the frozen LLM: + +**==> picture [288 x 12] intentionally omitted <==** + +## **2.2. Model architecture** + +Our proposed architecture enhances a frozen, pretrained LLM with a dedicated coprocessor module operating on the kv-cache. As illustrated in Figure 1, the interaction between these components unfolds in three stages: + +- **KV-cache Generation:** The input sequence, _𝑥_ , is first processed by the frozen LLM to generate its corresponding kv-cache ( _𝑘𝜃,𝑥_ , _𝑣𝜃,𝑥_ ). This cache encapsulates the LLM’s internal representations of the input. Crucially, the LLM’s weights remain frozen throughout the entire process. + +2 + +Deliberation in Latent Space via Differentiable Cache Augmentation + +**==> picture [231 x 165] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
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+ + +Figure 1 | Overview of the proposed architecture. The input sequence is processed by a frozen LLM, generating a kv-cache. This cache is then passed to a coprocessor, along with trainable soft tokens. The coprocessor outputs latent embeddings which are used to augment the original kv-cache before being fed back into the LLM for output generation. + +- **Augmentation:** The kv-cache is then passed to the coprocessor module, which adopts the same model architecture as the pretrained LLM. The coprocessor also receives a sequence of distinct extra soft tokens with trainable embeddings. These tokens do not correspond to actual words or sub-words but serve as abstract prompts for the coprocessor. The coprocessor ingests the kv-cache and these tokens to produce a sequence of latent embeddings, _𝑧_ . + +- **LLM Generation with Augmented Context:** Finally, _𝑧_ is appended to the original kv-cache. This augmented cache is then fed back into the frozen LLM, providing it with enriched contextual information derived from the coprocessor. The LLM then proceeds to generate the output sequence, _𝑦_ , conditioned on both the original input _𝑥_ and the coprocessor’s output _𝑧_ . This allows the LLM to leverage the coprocessor’s latent inferences without requiring it to explicitly verbalize intermediate steps. + +Training focuses solely on optimizing the coprocessor and trainable embeddings’ weights. The coprocessor shares the same model architecture as the pretrained LLM, and its weights are initialized with the pretrained weights of the LLM. The loss is calculated on the final output _𝑦_ , and backpropagation is used to update only the coprocessor’s parameters. This targeted training approach allows for efficient fine-tuning without altering the pretrained LLM. In practice, the coprocessor’s augmentation can potentially be performed offline and asynchronously, in parallel with the LLM’s decoding process. This could enable continuous refinement of the LLM’s contextual memory, leading to improved efficiency and faster response times. + +## **2.3. Pretraining setup** + +We employ a pretraining strategy designed to encourage the coprocessor to learn augmentations that will be useful for predicting larger segments of text beyond the next token after the augmentation. + +3 + +Deliberation in Latent Space via Differentiable Cache Augmentation + +**==> picture [471 x 197] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+a b c d e f b’ c d’ e
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+ + +Figure 2 | Our coprocessor training framework. (a) Illustration of multi-position augmentation and ahead token prediction. For each selected augmentation position, latent embeddings are generated by the coprocessor and inserted after the corresponding token’s embedding. The target tokens for prediction ("ahead tokens") are then appended. A causal mask is applied to all sequences following these insertion points. (b) Structure of the modified input and attention mask for model training. We show an example of 1 latent embedding and 1 ahead token here for simplicity. + +This strategy involves generating augmentations for multiple randomly selected positions and training the coprocessor to predict many tokens ahead. + +Instead of training on a single split of a sequence into input _𝑥_ and target _𝑦_ (which limits scalability), we augment at multiple points within each sequence. As shown in Figure 2 (a), given an input text sequence (e.g., "a b c d e f"), we randomly select a subset of positions (e.g., "b" and "d"). For each selected position, the coprocessor generates a configurable number of latent embeddings (e.g., b’, b” and d’, d” in the figure, where the number of latent embeddings is a hyperparameter _𝑁𝐿_ ) in one transformer forward call. The training objective is to predict a number of tokens (another hyperparameter _𝑁𝐴_ ) beyond the placement of the augmentation, in a teacher-forcing way. For instance, if "b" is chosen, and we are predicting two tokens ahead, the coprocessor uses the generated latent embeddings (b’, b”) and the kv-cache of the preceding text "a" and "b" to predict "c" and "d". This process can be viewed as a form of latent space interpolation: the coprocessor learns to bridge the gap between the known preceding context ("a", "b") and the future context ("c", "d") by generating meaningful latent representations (b’, b”). Similarly, if "d" is chosen, the targets would be "e" and "f", based on d’, d” and the preceding context "a b c d". This approach is similar to the parallel decoding introduced in Quiet-Star (Zelikman et al., 2024), but since we generate latent embeddings instead of thoughts in token space, our approach has the advantages of fully differentiability while keeping the LLM frozen. Furthermore, because the base LLM remains frozen, the coprocessor can be called asynchronously and its computations can potentially be performed in parallel with the LLM’s decoding operation, and there is no need to insert between every pair of consecutive tokens. + +We implement an efficient training framework by modifying the input, attention mask, position index, and target, to enable training everything together in one forward pass. Figure 2(b) illustrates how we modify the input and attention mask to enable training on multiple positions. Instead of sequentially processing each augmentation position in multiple decoder forward calls, we construct a single, extended input sequence and corresponding attention mask. This allows us to compute the loss from all selected augmentation points in parallel. For each selected augmentation position, + +4 + +Deliberation in Latent Space via Differentiable Cache Augmentation + +**==> picture [467 x 151] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+11.2 10.90
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+ + +Figure 3 | Validation perplexity of the baseline frozen Gemma-2 2B model and augmented models with varying numbers of latents (8, 16, 32, 64), when predicting the 1st and 32nd tokens following latent augmentation. Lower perplexity indicates better performance. + +we insert the generated latent embeddings after the corresponding token’s embedding in the input sequence. The ahead tokens for that position are then appended after the latent embeddings. This creates a concatenated input sequence containing the original text followed by multiple groups of latent embeddings and their corresponding ahead tokens. The attention mask is constructed to ensure correct causal attention. The original tokens attend to all preceding original tokens, as usual. Crucially, the latent embeddings and their corresponding ahead tokens only attend to the original tokens preceding their insertion point. They are masked from attending to any subsequent original tokens, other latent embeddings, or other ahead tokens as shown in Figure 2(b). The resulting output is then used to calculate the loss and train the coprocessor. + +Rather than capturing different aspects of a single token’s context, these embeddings are trained to generate information useful for predicting future tokens, effectively enabling the model to perform a form of "latent thinking" before making predictions. This contrasts with standard next-token prediction and allows the coprocessor to learn more generalizable representations. By learning to anticipate future tokens in this manner, the coprocessor develops a stronger understanding of sequential dependencies within text, which proves valuable in downstream tasks. + +## **3. Experiments** + +We validate our approach using the frozen Gemma-2 2B model. Our augmented Gemma-2 models, with only the coprocessor being trained and the decoder-only LLM kept frozen, are trained on the same 2 trillion token, primarily-English dataset used for Gemma-2 pretraining (Team-Gemma et al., 2024), following the setup described in Section 2.2. This dataset includes a variety of sources, such as web documents, code, and scientific articles. We trained the model for 100,000 steps using a batch size of 1024, packed sequences of length 2048, 16 ahead tokens ( _𝑁𝐴_ ), and 128 randomly sampled augmentation positions (“traces”) for all training experiments. Importantly, no task-specific training is performed for any of the experiments; all training is done on the pretraining dataset. + +## **3.1. Perplexity Evaluation** + +Our augmented Gemma model is able to achieve lower perplexity on the validation dataset compared to the pretrained Gemma model on many tokens ahead, even beyond the ahead token _𝑁𝐴_ we defined during training. We evaluate this using a proprietary validation dataset (Same as the one used in + +5 + +Deliberation in Latent Space via Differentiable Cache Augmentation + +Gemma (Team-Gemma et al., 2024)) and evaluate the effect of augmenting the frozen Gemma-2 2B LLM’s kv-cache on future token prediction. For each sequence in the validation set, we generate _𝑁𝐿_ latent embeddings after each token using our coprocessor. These embeddings are then used to augment the cache at each token position. We then measure the model’s ability to predict the _𝑛_ -th future token. Specifically, the "1st token" perplexity measures the model’s performance predicting the token immediately following the inserted latent embeddings. The "32nd token" perplexity measures the model’s performance predicting the token 32 positions ahead, given the context preceding the latent embeddings, the embeddings themselves, and the following 31 tokens. This demonstrates that even though we train with _𝑁𝐴_ = 16, the benefits of cache augmentation extend beyond this range, improving predictions even at position 32. Figure 3 presents perplexity curves during training for the baseline frozen Gemma-2 2B model and our augmented models using _𝑁𝐿_ =8, 16, 32, and 64 latent embeddings. Across all latent sizes, our approach consistently reduces perplexity, with the improvement scaling with the number of latent embeddings. This demonstrates that augmenting the cache with the coprocessor improves both short-range and longer-range prediction accuracy. + +Table 1 quantifies the perplexity reduction achieved by our cache augmentation approach. The consistent reduction, generally correlating with the number of latents, confirms that the benefit of our method extends to multiple subsequent token predictions, suggesting improved internal representations within the decoder, leading to more accurate and coherent generation. + +|Position|8 Latents
16 Latents
32 Latents
64 Latents| +|---|---| +||| +|1
2
4
8
16
32|-1.53%
-2.48%
-3.28%
-3.94%
-1.67%
-2.41%
-3.15%
-3.70%
-1.39%
-1.98%
-2.66%
-3.17%
-1.22%
-1.56%
-2.11%
-2.61%
-0.85%
-1.08%
-1.50%
-1.88%
-0.55%
-0.64%
-0.88%
-1.20%| + + + +Table 1 | Relative perplexity reduction (in %) achieved by augmented Gemma-2 2B models compared to the baseline, for various numbers of latents and prediction positions following latent augmentation. "Position" indicates the token position relative to the augmentation point (e.g., Position 1 is the immediately following token). + +## **3.2. Public Benchmark Evaluation** + +We evaluated cache augmentation on a range of public benchmarks spanning natural language understanding and reasoning tasks (Table 2). In this setting, we only call the coprocessor _once_ , at the end of the prompt. Our method consistently improves performance compared to the baseline frozen Gemma-2 2B model, with particularly substantial gains on reasoning-intensive benchmarks. Several tasks, including MMLU, GSM8K, TriviaQA, NQ, and MATH, exhibit a strong correlation between the number of latent embeddings and performance improvement. For example, on GSM8K, accuracy steadily climbs from a +1.29% gain with 4 latent embeddings to a notable +10.05% with 64. Similarly, MATH improves from -0.12% with 4 to +2.06% with 64, and MMLU shows a jump from +0.45% with 4 to +4.70% with 64. This trend suggests that for certain challenging reasoning tasks, providing more latent embeddings allows the model to perform more extensive “thinking” in the latent space, significantly enhancing its reasoning capabilities. + +Other reasoning tasks, including ARC-e/c, Winogrande, and Boolq, also show improvements with increasing latent counts. While some tasks, such as AGIEval, BBH, and HumanEval, show less pronounced improvements or occasional performance dips with higher latent embedding counts, our method still frequently provides a benefit. This broad improvement across diverse benchmarks + +6 + +Deliberation in Latent Space via Differentiable Cache Augmentation + +|**Benchmark**|**Metric**|**Baseline**|**4 Latents**
**8 Latents**
**16 Latents**
**32 Latents**
**64 Latents**| +|---|---|---|---| +|MMLU
GSM8K
DROP
ARC-e
ARC-c
MATH
Winogrande
PIQA
SIQA
HellaSwag
Boolq
MBPP
AGIEval
TriviaQA
NQ
HumanEval
BBH|5-shot
8-shot
3-shot, F1
0-shot
0-shot
4-shot
0-shot
0-shot
0-shot
0-shot
0-shot
3-shot
3-5-shot
5-shot
5-shot
pass@1
3-shot|52.00
21.38
53.69
80.56
50.26
16.50
64.01
78.18
51.79
73.77
75.41
30.40
31.71
60.29
17.14
19.51
42.22|52.45 (+0.45)
52.24 (+0.24)
52.34 (+0.34)
54.61 (+2.61)
**56.70 (+4.70)**
22.67 (+1.29)
23.12 (+1.74)
24.72 (+3.34)
26.76 (+5.38)
**31.43 (+10.05)**
54.64 (+0.95)
54.91 (+1.23)
56.23 (+2.55)
57.37 (+3.68)
**57.77 (+4.08)**
81.52 (+0.97)
81.57 (+1.01)
83.12 (+2.57)
83.04 (+2.48)
**83.67 (+3.11)**
51.28 (+1.02)
52.39 (+2.13)
53.24 (+2.99)
**54.44 (+4.18)**
**54.44 (+4.18)**
16.38 (-0.12)
16.78 (+0.28)
17.00 (+0.50)
17.18 (+0.68)
**18.56 (+2.06)**
65.35 (+1.34)
65.35 (+1.34)
66.30 (+2.29)
66.30 (+2.29)
**66.61 (+2.60)**
78.62 (+0.44)
78.67 (+0.49)
78.94 (+0.76)
78.94 (+0.76)
**79.00 (+0.82)**
51.59 (-0.20)
51.64 (-0.15)
51.74 (-0.05)
**52.30 (+0.51)**
52.00 (+0.20)
74.41 (+0.64)
74.41 (+0.64)
74.82 (+1.05)
75.04 (+1.27)
**75.31 (+1.54)**
75.29 (-0.12)
77.22 (+1.80)
**78.17 (+2.75)**
77.03 (+1.62)
76.91 (+1.50)
29.00 (-1.40)
31.60 (+1.20)
31.20 (+0.80)
31.40 (+1.00)
**31.80 (+1.40)**
32.18 (+0.47)
30.04 (-1.67)
31.32 (-0.38)
32.78 (+1.07)
**33.85 (+2.14)**
60.30 (+0.01)
60.83 (+0.54)
61.43 (+1.14)
62.05 (+1.76)
**62.23 (+1.94)**
17.35 (+0.21)
17.89 (+0.75)
18.16 (+1.02)
18.91 (+1.77)
**19.20 (+2.06)**
18.29 (-1.22)
19.51 (+0.00)
20.73 (+1.22)
20.73 (+1.22)
**22.56 (+3.05)**
42.36 (+0.14)
42.37 (+0.15)
42.53 (+0.31)
42.48 (+0.26)
**42.64 (+0.41)**| + + + +Table 2 | Performance of baseline and augmented models across various benchmarks. Results are shown for the baseline (frozen Gemma-2 2B pretrained model) and the model augmented with a learned coprocessor using 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 latent embeddings, respectively. Results are reported for zero/few-shot settings as indicated in the “Metric” column. Results are accuracy (in %) if not specified in the Metric column. Improvements over the baseline are shown in parentheses. In this setting, the coprocessor is called _once_ , at the end of the prompt. + +underscores the effectiveness and general applicability of cache augmentation for enhancing frozen language models. + +We further provide analysis in the appendix, showing that our method’s performance scales with increasing training data (Section A.1) and that it effectively adapts to downstream tasks (Section A.2). + +## **3.3. Comparison with other baselines and variations** + +## _**3.3.1. Pause Token**_ + +We compare our approach with a closely related baseline: the Pause Token method (Goyal et al., 2023). Pause Token introduces trainable embeddings inserted between the input ( _𝑥_ ) and output ( _𝑦_ ) sequences, encouraging the LLM to perform latent "thinking" before generating the output. The crucial distinction between our approach and Pause Token lies in how these latent embeddings are generated. While Pause Token utilizes fixed and pretrained embeddings that do not condition on the input _𝑥_ , our method employs a coprocessor that generates context-dependent, dynamic embeddings based on the input. This allows our approach to tailor the latent representations to the specific input, potentially leading to more effective reasoning. + +Table 3 directly compares the performance of the baseline Gemma-2 2B model against both Pause Token and our approach, with the latter two using 32 embeddings. Notably, the Pause Token model was trained using the same training data and under the same experimental setup as our method. On the validation set, our method achieves a perplexity of 10.60 on the first token prediction, significantly lower than both the baseline (10.96) and Pause Token (11.63). Furthermore, our method achieves an accuracy of 26.76% on the GSM8K dataset, outperforming both the baseline (21.38%) and Pause Token (22.37%). These improvements underscore the effectiveness of our dynamic, contextuallyinformed embeddings, which provide a richer representation compared to the fixed embeddings in + +7 + +Deliberation in Latent Space via Differentiable Cache Augmentation + +|Method|Validation set perplexity (↓)|GSM8K 8-shot accuracy (↑)| +|---|---|---| +|||| +|Baseline Gemma-2 2B
Pause Token
Latent embeddings (Ours)|10.96
11.63
**10.60**|21.38
22.37
**26.76**| + + + +Table 3 | Comparison between the baseline Gemma-2 2B model, the Pause Token method (Goyal et al., 2023) (using 32 embeddings), and our approach (also using 32 embeddings). Lower perplexity indicates better next token prediction. Higher accuracy indicates better performance on GSM8K. + +|Baseline|0-shot CoT|16 Latents|32 Latents| +|---|---|---|---| +|21.38|23.20|24.72|**26.76**| + + + +Table 4 | Accuracy on GSM8K 8-shot for the baseline Gemma-2 2B model, zero-shot Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting, and our approach with 16 and 32 latent embeddings. + +Pause Token, leading to better next token prediction and improved performance on reasoning tasks. + +## _**3.3.2. Zero-shot CoT**_ + +Our technique can be viewed as a form of latent Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. Therefore, we compare our approach to standard zero-shot CoT (Kojima et al., 2022), which involves appending “Let’s think step by step” to the input prompt. While zero-shot CoT can be effective, it relies on the LLM to generate intermediate reasoning steps token by token, which can be computationally expensive during inference. Our method, on the other hand, generates latent embeddings in a single forward pass, potentially offering a more efficient approach to guiding reasoning. + +Table 4 presents the accuracy on GSM8K for the baseline Gemma-2 2B model, zero-shot CoT, and our approach with 16 and 32 latent embeddings. Our method shows clear improvements. With 16 latent embeddings, we achieve an accuracy of 24.72%, surpassing both the baseline (21.38%) and zero-shot CoT (23.20%). Performance further improves to 26.76% with 32 embeddings. This suggests that our learned, context-dependent latent embeddings provide a more efficient and effective mechanism for guiding reasoning compared to the generic prompt and sequential token generation of zero-shot CoT. + +## _**3.3.3. Alternative Coprocessor Configurations**_ + +We explored alternative configurations for our coprocessor to assess the importance of design choices. Our default setup involves finetuning the pretrained LLM to serve as the coprocessor (i.e., the coprocessor’s weights are initialized with the pretrained weights of the LLM), which serves as the primary comparison point for the following experiments. + +**Training the Coprocessor from scratch:** We also investigated training the coprocessor from scratch– randomly initializing its weights rather than finetuning from the pretrained weights of Gemma-2 2B. While training from scratch improves performance on all downstream tasks compared to the baseline, finetuning from pretrained weights yields even better results. This suggests that the coprocessor benefits from the foundational knowledge encoded in the pretrained LLM. Figure 4 illustrates this improvement in GSM8K accuracy as the number of latent embeddings increases, with the finetuned model consistently outperforming the model trained from scratch. Results of other benchmarks can be found in Table 7 in the Appendix Section A.3. + +8 + +Deliberation in Latent Space via Differentiable Cache Augmentation + +**==> picture [277 x 171] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+32 Baseline
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+ + +Figure 4 | Finetuning the coprocessor from Gemma-2 2B pretrained weights significantly improves GSM8K accuracy compared to training from scratch. Lines represent the mean and shaded areas represent the 95% confidence interval, both estimated from the last 5 checkpoints. + +**LoRA Finetuning the pretrained LLM as the Coprocessor:** In addition to full finetuning the pretrained LLM and from-scratch training, we explored the efficacy of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) (Hu et al., 2021) for tuning the coprocessor from the pretrained LLM’s weights. LoRA freezes the pretrained model weights and introduces trainable rank-decomposition matrices, significantly reducing the number of trainable parameters. This approach offers substantial memory benefits, as only the relatively small LoRA weights need to be stored in addition to the base model. We experimented with LoRA using ranks of 64 and 128, comparing their performance on GSM8K to the baseline Gemma-2 2B model, the from-scratch training approach discussed above, and our fully finetuned coprocessor. As shown in Table 5, which presents results using 32 latent embeddings for all methods, LoRA finetuning achieves reasonable improvements over the baseline, demonstrating that even a parameter-efficient approach can effectively train the coprocessor for improved reasoning. Specifically, LoRA with rank 64 achieved an accuracy of 23.35%, while LoRA with rank 128 reached 24.03%. These results fall between the baseline performance (21.38%) and the performance achieved by from-scratch training (25.78%), indicating that while the LoRA-tuned coprocessor benefits from the pretrained weights, generating high-quality latent embeddings for effective reasoning appears to require more substantial parameter updates than those provided by parameter-efficient methods like LoRA. While these results are not as strong as the 26.76% achieved by full finetuning, they represent a notable improvement over the baseline and highlight the potential of LoRA for efficient training/inference of our coprocessor, especially in memory-constrained environments. + +|Method|GSM8K Accuracy| +|---|---| +|Baseline|21.38| +|LoRA (Rank 64)|23.35| +|LoRA (Rank 128)|24.03| +|From Scratch Training|25.78| +|Full Finetuning|**26.76**| + + + +Table 5 | GSM8K accuracy comparison of different finetuning methods for the coprocessor, all using 32 latent embeddings. LoRA offers a memory-efficient alternative to full finetuning, achieving reasonable performance gains. + +9 + +Deliberation in Latent Space via Differentiable Cache Augmentation + +|Baseline|4 Ahead|8 Ahead|16 Ahead|32 Ahead| +|---|---|---|---|---| +|21.38|24.03 (+2.65)|24.11 (+2.73)|**24.72**(+3.34)|23.73 (+2.35)| + + + +Table 6 | GSM8K accuracy for varying numbers of ahead tokens during coprocessor training. 16 ahead tokens achieves the highest accuracy (24.72%, +3.34% over the baseline of 21.38%). 16 latent embeddings are used for all these experiments. + +**Augmentation using Last Layer’s Activations:** Instead of using the kv-cache as input to the coprocessor, we experimented with providing the last layer’s activations from the frozen LLM, concatenated with the soft token embeddings. This approach, using 32 latent embeddings, yielded a perplexity of 10.81 on the validation set and an accuracy of 23.20% on the GSM8K benchmark under the same training setup. Both metrics are notably worse than those achieved with kv-cache augmentation, which resulted in a perplexity of 10.69 and a GSM8K accuracy of 26.76% (also with 32 latent embeddings). We hypothesize that the last layer’s activations alone do not provide as rich a representation for the coprocessor as the information aggregated across multiple layers in the kv-cache, hindering both next-token prediction (reflected in the higher perplexity) and reasoning ability (reflected in the lower GSM8K accuracy). + +## **3.4. Impact of the number of ahead token in training** + +We investigated the impact of varying the number of ahead tokens—the number of future tokens the model is trained to predict—during coprocessor training. While larger lookahead improves perplexity on later tokens, it often leads to higher perplexity on earlier tokens. Though learning rate scaling might mitigate this, we empirically chose 16 ahead tokens for most experiments in this paper, given its strong performance on GSM8K, as shown in the Table 6. + +## **4. Related Work** + +## **4.1. Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in LLMs** + +Limitations in eliciting complex reasoning from LLMs through standard prompting have motivated research into prompting strategies that encourage intermediate reasoning steps. Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting (Wei et al., 2022) significantly improved reasoning performance by prompting LLMs to “think step by step”. Subsequent work explored zero-shot CoT (Kojima et al., 2022; Zhou et al., 2023), aggregating multiple reasoning paths (Wang et al., 2022), internalizing the intermediate reasoning steps (Deng et al., 2024), verifying generation steps (Lightman et al., 2023), and broader search spaces for reasoning trajectories, such as Tree-of-Thought (Wang and Zhou, 2024; Yao et al., 2024). Other approaches leverage reinforcement learning (RL) to optimize the reasoning process based on final answer accuracy or target text likelihood (e.g., StaR (Zelikman et al., 2022), TRICE (Hoffman et al., 2024), Quiet-STaR (Zelikman et al., 2024)). While effective, these methods are often constrained by the expressiveness of natural language and can be computationally expensive due to the sequential generation of reasoning steps, both during training and inference. + +## **4.2. Latent Space Reasoning** + +Previous research has investigated the role of latent transformer computations in LLMs’ reasoning abilities. As demonstrated in (Biran et al., 2024), a sequential latent reasoning pathway in LLMs is identified for multi-hop reasoning problems. (Shalev et al., 2024) revealed that the middle layers of + +10 + +Deliberation in Latent Space via Differentiable Cache Augmentation + +LLMs produce highly interpretable embeddings, representing a set of potential intermediate answers for multi-hop queries. To improve LLMs’ latent reasoning ability, researchers have proposed to augment LLMs with meta tokens. The Pause Token method (Goyal et al., 2023), closely related to our work, introduces trainable embeddings inserted between input and output sequences to encourage latent “thinking”. Similarly, a recent work (Pfau et al., 2024) also studied the circumstances under which causal transformers are able to learn to utilize intermediate dummy tokens (e.g. the filler token used in this work). Unlike these studies which employ pretrained embeddings, our work generates latent tokens dynamically based on the input. More recently, COCONUT (Hao et al., 2024) introduced a new reasoning paradigm by utilizing LLMs’ hidden states as input embeddings in latent space. In contrast to COCONUT, which requires multi-stage training to internalize reasoning, our approach only trains the coprocessor, thereby avoiding limitations on broader applicability. + +## **4.3. KV-Cache Compression** + +KV-cache compression is a technique used to reduce the size of the transformer’s kv-cache, the memory storing past activations, for efficient storage and faster computation. Ge et al. (2024) propose an in-context autoencoder (ICAE) to compress the context into concise embeddings for the kv-cache. Mu et al. (2024) introduce the concept of "gist tokens" to learn compressed representations of the kv-cache. Alternatively, prior work (Li et al., 2023) also improves the efficiency of LLMs by identifying and removing redundant information from the input, making it more compact and easier to process. + +While our approach also leverages the kv-cache, our motivation is fundamentally different. Rather than focusing on compression, we aim to augment the kv-cache with latent embeddings produced by an offline coprocessor, thereby enhancing the transformer’s reasoning capabilities without modifying its architecture. This allows us to improve the fidelity of further decoding and boost performance on reasoning-intensive tasks. Our work is inspired by the idea of deliberation, where the coprocessor can "think" in the latent space by processing the kv-cache and generating meaningful embeddings that guide the transformer’s subsequent generation. + +## **4.4. Augmenting LLMs with External Modules** + +Extensive research has focused on augmenting pretrained LLMs with external modules for improved efficiency and performance (Pfeiffer et al., 2023). Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods like prompt tuning (Lester et al., 2021), prefix tuning (Li and Liang, 2021), and adapters have also been explored. Adapters, first introduced for computer vision by Rebuffi et al. (2017, 2018) and later popularized in NLP by Houlsby et al. (2019), insert small, trainable modules into the LLM. LoRA (Hu et al., 2021) further improves adapter efficiency by decomposing weight updates into low-rank matrices. Furthermore, multimodal models like Flamingo (Alayrac et al., 2022), CoCa (Yu et al., 2022), PaLI (Chen et al., 2022), and PaLM-E (Driess et al., 2023) leverage cross-attention or soft prompts to incorporate information from other modalities. Building upon these techniques, recent work has explored augmenting LLMs with modules specifically designed for reasoning. For example, CALM (Bansal et al., 2024) employs cross-attention between specialized and general models to enhance the general model’s capabilities. + +## **4.5. Hypernetworks for Parameter Generation** + +Our work shares conceptual similarities with the concept of hypernetworks, where a separate network (the hypernetwork) generates the parameters of another network. In the context of LLM augmentation, rather than learning a fixed set of parameters for a module, a hypernetwork could generate these parameters conditioned on embeddings representing different tasks, inputs, or contexts (Ha et al., + +11 + +Deliberation in Latent Space via Differentiable Cache Augmentation + +2017; Platanios et al., 2018). This allows for a form of parameter sharing and "entanglement" between modules that are otherwise disjoint in their parameters (Goyal et al., 2021). Hypernetworks have been used to condition parameter generation on inputs as well. Examples include conditional batch normalization (de Vries et al., 2017), feature-wise linear modulation (FiLM) for text-and-vision tasks (Perez et al., 2018), and self-modulation in GANs (Chen et al., 2019). Bertinetto et al. (2016) even conditioned parameter generation on individual examples for one-shot learning. In the context of LLMs, hypernetworks have generated diverse module parameters, such as classifier heads (Ponti et al., 2021), continuous prompts (He et al., 2022), and adapter layers (Ansell et al., 2021; Mahabadi et al., 2021; Üstün et al., 2020), conditioned on task or language embeddings. These embeddings can be learned or fixed, incorporating side information about task or language relationships. + +Importantly, our approach can be viewed through the lens of hypernetworks, with the coprocessor itself acting as a hypernetwork that is conditioned on the kv-cache of the frozen LLM. Instead of generating parameters for a separate module, the coprocessor generates latent embeddings that augment the kv-cache. However, the core principle remains similar: a network dynamically generating outputs based on a rich contextual input. In our case, the kv-cache serves as a highly informative representation of the input sequence, allowing the coprocessor (hypernetwork) to generate augmentations tailored to the specific context. + +## **5. Conclusion** + +This paper introduces differentiable cache augmentation, a novel method for enhancing frozen decoderonly language models by incorporating a learned coprocessor that operates on the model’s kv-cache. This coprocessor generates latent embeddings that enrich the context provided to the LLM, improving its ability to reason and predict future tokens without requiring any modifications to the original model architecture. Our experiments demonstrate that this approach consistently reduces perplexity and significantly improves performance on a variety of reasoning-intensive tasks, even in zero/few-shot settings. These improvements are particularly notable on tasks requiring complex reasoning, such as MMLU and GSM8K. Importantly, because the coprocessor operates offline and asynchronously, it opens up exciting possibilities for future research into models that can perform more deliberate and computationally intensive reasoning processes, including deliberation not necessarily conditioned on a responding to a particular prompt. Future work will explore scaling the coprocessor to larger models or using many modular coprocessors, investigating different coprocessor architectures, and applying this method to more diverse downstream tasks. + +## **References** + +- J.-B. Alayrac, J. Donahue, P. Luc, A. Miech, I. Barr, Y. Hasson, K. Lenc, A. Mensch, K. Millican, M. Reynolds, et al. 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Star: Bootstrapping reasoning with reasoning. _Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems_ , 35:15476–15488, 2022. + +- E. Zelikman, G. Harik, Y. Shao, V. Jayasiri, N. Haber, and N. D. Goodman. Quiet-star: Language models can teach themselves to think before speaking. _arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.09629_ , 2024. + +- D. Zhou, N. Schärli, L. Hou, J. Wei, N. Scales, X. Wang, D. Schuurmans, C. Cui, O. Bousquet, Q. V. Le, and E. H. Chi. Least-to-most prompting enables complex reasoning in large language models. In _The Eleventh International Conference on Learning Representations_ , 2023. + +16 + +Deliberation in Latent Space via Differentiable Cache Augmentation + +## **A. Appendix** + +## **A.1. Scaling with Training Data** + +The scaling of performance with increasing training data is a crucial aspect of evaluating the effectiveness of our approach. Figure 5 demonstrates the impact of training duration on both GSM8K accuracy and validation perplexity for our method. The x-axis represents the total number of training steps for the coprocessor. The baseline performance, representing the frozen Gemma-2 2B model, is shown for reference at corresponding intervals along this axis. As shown, we observe a clear trend of improved performance for our method with increased training data (i.e., more tokens seen during training of the coprocessor). Specifically, our method ("Ours") demonstrates a clear benefit from increased training exposure, with GSM8K accuracy exhibiting a consistent upward trend and validation perplexity showing a decreasing trend. This indicates that the coprocessor learns to generate more useful latent embeddings and better integrate with the frozen LLM as it is exposed to more data, improving next token prediction. This trend highlights the importance of scaling with training data for our approach. + +**==> picture [419 x 163] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+27 Baseline 10.85
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+ + +Figure 5 | Scaling of GSM8K accuracy and validation perplexity with increasing training steps for the coprocessor (using 32 latent embeddings). The baseline performance of the frozen Gemma-2 2B model is shown for reference. + +## **A.2. Adaptation to Downstream Tasks** + +All experiments described thus far have focused on training the coprocessor using the pretraining dataset. To assess the adaptability of our approach to downstream tasks, we conducted experiments using a data mixture containing the training sets of the GSM8K and MATH (Hendrycks et al., 2021) datasets. We employed LoRA finetuning (with a rank of 128) on both the baseline model and our augmented model. For the baseline, LoRA was applied directly to the base LLM, while for our augmented model, LoRA was applied specifically to the coprocessor, leaving the base LLM frozen. + +Figure 6 presents the results of this downstream adaptation. We observe a substantial improvement in performance for our augmented model compared to the baseline after LoRA finetuning. This improvement is likely attributable to the strong regularization imposed by keeping the base LLM frozen during coprocessor training. This freezing prevents overfitting to the relatively small downstream datasets, allowing the coprocessor to effectively learn task-specific reasoning patterns without disrupting the general knowledge encoded in the pretrained LLM. The baseline model, with LoRA applied directly to the LLM, likely suffers from overfitting to the downstream data, limiting its performance gains. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in adapting to + +17 + +Deliberation in Latent Space via Differentiable Cache Augmentation + +**==> picture [277 x 171] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Baseline
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+ + +Figure 6 | Accuracy on GSM8K’s test set after LoRA finetuning. Our augmented model shows a significant improvement compared to the baseline. + +downstream tasks while maintaining the robustness of the pretrained LLM. + +## **A.3. Training Coprocessor from Scratch** + +We observed performance gains across most benchmarks when training the coprocessor from scratch (with randomly initialized weights), but finetuning from the pretrained LLM consistently yielded better results. + +|**Benchmark**|**Metric**|**Baseline**|**4 Latents**
**8 Latents**
**16 Latents**
**32 Latents**
**64 Latents**| +|---|---|---|---| +|MMLU
GSM8K
ARC-e
ARC-c
MATH
Winogrande
PIQA
SIQA
HellaSwag
Boolq
MBPP
AGIEval
TriviaQA
NQ
HumanEval
BBH|5-shot
8-shot
0-shot
0-shot
4-shot
0-shot
0-shot
0-shot
0-shot
0-shot
3-shot
3-5-shot
5-shot
5-shot
pass@1
3-shot|52.00
21.38
80.56
50.26
16.50
64.01
78.18
51.79
73.77
75.41
30.40
31.71
60.29
17.14
19.51
42.22|52.03 (+0.03)
52.21 (+0.21)
52.75 (+0.75)
53.55 (+1.55)
56.63 (+4.63)
22.52 (+1.14)
22.59 (+1.21)
24.41 (+3.03)
25.78 (+4.40)
29.80 (+8.42)
81.69 (+1.13)
81.86 (+1.30)
82.79 (+2.23)
83.12 (+2.56)
83.21 (+2.65)
51.71 (+1.45)
52.22 (+1.96)
52.47 (+2.21)
54.27 (+4.01)
53.24 (+2.98)
16.22 (-0.28)
16.46 (-0.04)
16.92 (+0.42)
17.18 (+0.68)
18.34 (+1.84)
65.19 (+1.18)
65.98 (+1.97)
66.54 (+2.53)
66.69 (+2.68)
67.25 (+3.24)
78.13 (-0.05)
79.00 (+0.82)
79.16 (+0.98)
79.27 (+1.09)
79.22 (+1.04)
51.94 (+0.15)
51.64 (-0.15)
51.84 (+0.05)
51.94 (+0.15)
51.89 (+0.10)
74.37 (+0.60)
74.68 (+0.91)
74.82 (+1.05)
74.89 (+1.12)
75.18 (+1.41)
75.66 (+0.25)
76.94 (+1.53)
76.97 (+1.56)
77.80 (+2.39)
77.46 (+2.05)
30.40 (0.00)
30.60 (+0.20)
30.80 (+0.40)
32.00 (+1.60)
32.60 (+2.20)
32.52 (+0.81)
32.22 (+0.51)
31.92 (+0.21)
32.78 (+1.07)
32.35 (+0.64)
60.53 (+0.24)
60.95 (+0.66)
61.45 (+1.16)
61.93 (+1.64)
62.62 (+2.33)
17.26 (+0.12)
17.89 (+0.75)
18.47 (+1.33)
18.68 (+1.54)
19.00 (+1.86)
18.29 (-1.22)
18.90 (-0.61)
20.73 (+1.22)
19.51 (0.00)
19.51 (0.00)
42.16 (-0.06)
42.24 (+0.02)
42.42 (+0.20)
43.19 (+0.97)
42.93 (+0.71)| + + + +Table 7 | Performance of baseline and augmented models across various benchmarks with coprocessor training from scratch. Check Table 2 for more detailed description. + +18 + diff --git a/docs/papers/2412.18914v3.md b/docs/papers/2412.18914v3.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..23020fb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/papers/2412.18914v3.md @@ -0,0 +1,581 @@ +_2025-08-24_ + +## **PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs** + +**Dulhan Jayalath**[*,1] **, James B. Wendt**[2] **, Nicholas Monath**[2] **, Sandeep Tata**[2] **and Beliz Gunel**[2] 1University of Oxford, 2Google DeepMind + +**Long-range tasks demand reasoning over long inputs. However, existing solutions are limited, e.g., longcontext models require large compute budgets, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) needs training data, and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) entails complex task-specific designs. Though in-context approaches overcome many of these issues, methods with short-context LLMs are inefficient, trading context for processing more tokens. We introduce PRISM, a highly token-efficient in-context method based on structured schemas that outperforms baselines on diverse tasks with 4x shorter contexts. This approach produces concise outputs and efficiently leverages key-value (KV) caches to reduce costs by up to 54%. PRISM scales down to tiny contexts without increasing costs or sacrificing quality, and generalizes to new tasks with minimal effort by generating schemas from task descriptions.** + +_Keywords: resource-constrained LLMs, in-context learning, long-context reasoning_ + +## **1. Introduction** + +Long information contexts pose significant challenges for language tasks. The prototypical example is long document summarization, where a lengthy piece of text must be summarized into a short-form summary. For these and other long natural language tasks, large language models (LLMs) are state-of-the-art. In summarization, an LLM is typically prompted with summarization instructions alongside the text and generates a summary of the content. However, this requires sufficient context to accommodate the entire document. Many practitioners and researchers rely on models with short contexts because they are limited by the inference cost of long-context models, open source or on-premises requirements, local compute constraints, or other barriers. There are a range of alternatives to long-context language models, which include PEFT and RAG. However, these solutions either require training data or necessitate complex task-specific design choices. Short context LLMs with in-context methods promise a training data-free and task-agnostic alternative to solving long-range tasks. They achieve this by repeatedly applying short context models to chunks of long text, requiring processing a very large number of input and output tokens. In turn, this leads to high API usage or + +**==> picture [196 x 99] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
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Memory Revision
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+ + +Figure 1 | **PRISM** efficiently processes a stream of chunked data, leveraging a concise and cacheoptimized structured memory to propose revisions at each step. + +compute costs. In response, we design **PRISM** , _Processing Incrementally with Structured Memory_ : a highly token-efficient in-context approach that is task-agnostic, requires no training data, uses a small compute budget, and does not need access to model weights. No existing method satisfies all these constraints. + +PRISM employs incremental processing, treating the input as a sequential stream of chunks, processed in the order of their appearance alongside a structured in-context memory of prior chunks. While incremental methods are not new, e.g., Chang et al. (2024); Hwang et al. (2024); Qian et al. (2024), existing approaches are taskspecific and are not economic in terms of tokens + +_Corresponding author(s): dulhan@robots.ox.ac.uk, bgunel@google.com_ Preprint. *Work done while author was at Google DeepMind. + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +processed. PRISM specifically addresses these limitations through an optimized structured memory. Rather than seeing a natural language memory, the LLM leverages a structured representation of prior information and outputs a proposed revision to the memory based on the current chunk (Figure 1). The memory is specified by a user-defined typed hierarchical schema, supporting any kind of long-range task. PRISM uses the structured memory to track salient prior information more succinctly than with natural language. Instead of the output of the LLM overwriting the memory, it proposes a structured revision which is used to programmatically revise the memory. This design yields concise outputs and reduces the reasoning burden on the LLM. Crucially, we design the memory to efficiently leverage prefix key-value caching (Kwon et al., 2023; Pope et al., 2023) by intelligently reusing activations computed from unchanged memory segments in prior steps. Taken together, our approach yields both higher quality results and greater token efficiency. + +Our main contributions are: (1) **PRISM** : an approach for **solving long-range tasks** with better quality (Section 4.1), efficiency (Section 4.2), and fewer constraints (Table 1) than alternatives; (2) an empirical analysis demonstrating PRISM’s **token efficiency** and **scalability** to shorter chunks (Section 4.2); and (3) evidence PRISM generalizes to new tasks with **generated schemas** (Section 4.3). + +## **2. Related Work** + +Several approaches tackle long-range reasoning with limited contexts through various memorybased and memory-less mechanisms. For document processing, methods include hierarchical summarization (Chang et al., 2024), natural language knowledge representations (Hwang et al., 2025), sequential scanning and selection (Qian et al., 2024), and JSON-encoded memories (Hwang et al., 2024). Fei et al. (2024) specifically target retrieval-based question-answering and Packer et al. (2023) perform stateful reasoning in LLMs using function calls to read and write data to storage. While some of these methods address specific domains, they lack PRISM’s general + +Table 1 | **Comparison of approaches for longrange tasks.** While existing methods each have limitations, PRISM satisfies all constraints: it requires no training data, needs no access to model weights, operates within a low compute budget, and remains task-agnostic, making it suitable for a wide range of applications. + +||**Method**|No training|No weights|Low compute|Task-agnostic| +|---|---|---|---|---|---| +||Long-context models|✓|✓||✓| +||RAG|✓|✓|✓|| +||PEFT|||✓|| +||In-context alternatives|✓|✓||**?**| +||**PRISM (Ours)**|✓|✓|✓|✓| + + + +applicability across task types and, crucially, all neglect the token efficiency that PRISM achieves. + +In contrast to external memories, another research direction embeds memories directly into model architectures. Several works transform LLMs into recurrent models through memory embeddings (He et al., 2024) or latent-space memories (Munkhdalai et al., 2024). Wang et al. (2023) design a new model architecture with a retrieval side-network to cache and update a memory and Ivgi et al. (2023) propose using a language model encoder to encode overlapping chunks and fuse information with a pre-trained decoder. Unlike these methods requiring architectural modifications or weight access, PRISM maintains a structured external memory that works with any blackbox LLM. + +By using a structured schema to organize information and optimizing it for KV caches, PRISM achieves both task-agnosticism and token efficiency without requiring model modifications or training—addressing core limitations of prior work. + +## **3. Method** + +We seek to solve long-range tasks token-efficiently without long-context models. By using an in- + +Preprint. + +2 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +cremental processing strategy with a structured memory, we resolve many of the constraints of other methods (Table 1). In this section, we define the incremental processing strategy, provide a way to structure the memory using a typed hierarchical schema, and show how to efficiently process these tokens across multiple LLM calls. + +## **3.1. Incremental Processing Formulation** + +In the incremental view, instead of seeing the entire context at once, the LLM sees contiguous segments (which we refer to as _chunks_ ) in sequence. To avoid forgetting previous information, the LLM also sees a memory, encoding information about prior chunks relevant to the task. This memory is constructed from the output of the LLM in the previous step. In the current call, the LLM uses its output to revise the memory based on the information in the current chunk. The use of LLM outputs as a memory in this way is characteristic of solving incremental tasks using LLMs. + +Formally, data arrives in increments, forming an ordered sequence of chunks ( _𝑑_ 1 _, 𝑑_ 2 _, . . . , 𝑑𝑛_ ). An LLM is prompted over multiple incremental steps _𝑖_ ∈{1 _, . . . , 𝑛_ }, with task instructions T , the next chunk _𝑑𝑖_ , and the output of the model from the previous step _𝑜𝑖_ −1. Accordingly, the prompt is a tuple (T _, 𝑑𝑖, 𝑜𝑖_ −1). The output of the previous step acts as a natural language memory that assists in solving the task. This implies a definition for an in-context memory: + +**Definition 3.1.** _An in-context memory is the tokens input to the model in an incremental step that encode the prior information seen by the model._ + +In this formulation, the LLM revises the memory by overwriting it through the tokens it decodes in the next incremental step, forming the next state of the memory. The output of the final step _𝑜𝑛_ is taken as the answer or otherwise post-processed. + +## **3.2. Using Structured Memories** + +Natural language (or _unstructured_ ) memories do not necessarily encode the most salient information for a specific task because the output format + +is unconstrained. This often impairs task performance. We improve the typical incremental processing formulation by introducing a structured memory and structured output to increase information relevance and reduce the LLM’s cognitive burden. + +To introduce a structured constraint in PRISM, we replace the natural language memory with a structured memory. Specifically, we prompt the language model at step _𝑖_ with a modified tuple (T _,_ S _, 𝑚𝑖, 𝑑𝑖_ ) where we replace the natural language memory _𝑜𝑖_ −1 with a structured memory _𝑚𝑖_ specified by a typed hierarchical schema. + +**Definition 3.2.** _A typed hierarchy is a structure of primitive types and simple data structures (e.g., integers, floating points, strings, and lists) in a hierarchy laid out by nested key-value maps._ + +**Definition 3.3.** _A structured memory 𝑚 has a schema_ S _specified with a typed hierarchy._ + +For example, a simple schema for narrative summarization could be (with Python-like typing) `str: list` i.e., a key-value mapping of character names to strings describing events involving that character. After seeing a new story chunk, we can revise information about a character by adding to the entries for that character. We choose to use typed hierarchies because they are easily addressable (using a path specified by keys and indices) and updatable. We specify a new schema for each task as this structure determines the information that will be encoded in the memory. + +To revise the memory, instead of generating a structured memory to overwrite the prior memory, the output of the model is a proposed memory revision _𝑟𝑖_ , which provides a path to programmatically revise _𝑚𝑖_ with a new value. Proposing revisions rather than overwriting the entire memory saves tokens and improves efficiency. + +**Definition 3.4.** _A structured memory revision 𝑟 is a tuple_ ( _𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑣_ ) _where 𝑝 specifies an addressable path in the memory, 𝑜 is a binary operation that is either_ _`add` or_ _`update` and 𝑣 is the value to revise the memory with._ + +If _𝑜_ is `add` , _𝑝_ specifies a new path to which _𝑣_ is added; if `update` , _𝑝_ specifies an existing path in + +Preprint. + +3 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +the memory whose current value should be replaced with _𝑣_ . After validating the proposed revision by programmatically ensuring it conforms to the expected structure, the memory _𝑚𝑖_ is revised with _𝑟𝑖_ to the next memory state _𝑚𝑖_ +1. Figure 2 provides an overview of our approach and Figure 3 gives a concrete example. In practice, _𝑟𝑖_ may consist of more than one proposed revision. + +After processing all chunks, the LLM uses the final state of the memory (alongside the query and a specification of the memory structure) to give a final answer. Algorithm 1 shows all steps. + +## **Algorithm 1** PRISM + +**Require:** T , _𝑞_ , S, ( _𝑑_ 1 _, 𝑑_ 2 _, . . . , 𝑑𝑛_ ) _⊲_ + + - Task instruction, query, memory schema, and chunks of information + +- 1: _𝑚_ 1 ←{} + +- 2: **for** _𝑖_ = 1 **to** _𝑛_ **do** 3: _𝑟𝑖_ ← LLM(T , _𝑞_ , S, _𝑚𝑖_ , _𝑑𝑖_ ) 4: _𝑚𝑖_ +1 ← ReviseMemory( _𝑚𝑖_ , _𝑟𝑖_ ) _⊲_ Add to or update the memory with the proposed value + +- 5: **end for** + +- 6: answer ← LLM(Tfinal, _𝑞_ , S, _𝑚𝑛_ +1) _⊲_ Generate the answer using the final memory + +- 7: **return** answer + +Our approach brings several quality benefits. First, a structured memory constrains the output to the query domain. This gives the model focus by forcing it to generate only the information we have deemed relevant for the query (via the schema S) to revise the memory. Having a structured memory also assists the LLM in understanding and updating relevant information for the task. By using a structured memory, we provide flexibility in deciding how to construct the memory structure for a particular type of task or to even automate the generation of the schema. Furthermore, we output a _revision_ (i.e., the difference between the current and next memory state) rather than the memory itself, reducing the number of tokens to decode. Beyond the quality benefits, our structured approach enables significant token efficiency gains through key-value cache utilization, PRISM’s core contribution, which we explore next. + +**==> picture [153 x 91] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+(ks, ((ka, v4), (Kas v2)))
Validate and
revise
((k1, kz), update, v4)
LLM
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +Figure 2 | **PRISM with typed examples.** The model receives as input the tuple (T _, 𝑞,_ S _, 𝑚𝑖, 𝑑𝑖_ ) describing the task, query, schema, the current state of the memory, and the current chunk. The model outputs a proposed revision _𝑟𝑖_ to programmatically revise the memory state to _𝑚𝑖_ +1. The purple arrows annotate example memory and revision states. Here, _𝑣_ 2 in _𝑚𝑖_ is replaced with _𝑣_ 4 in _𝑚𝑖_ +1 using the path, operation, and value in the revision. If the operation were `add` instead, then the path would be created and _𝑣_ 4 added to the memory. To instead update _𝑘_ 3 with _𝑣_ 4, the addressable path would be ( _𝑘_ 1 _, 𝑘_ 3), leading to output revision (( _𝑘_ 1 _, 𝑘_ 3) _,_ update _, 𝑣_ 4). + +## **3.3. Token-Efficient Memory Encoding** + +Encoding memories increases token count and processing time. This can become a significant bottleneck when there are many chunks of information in an incremental task or if the size of the memory dominates the rest of the prompt. + +One way to improve encoding efficiency is to utilize prefix KV caching (Zheng et al., 2023) to store and reuse previously computed token activations. With this method, if there is a prefix of the prompt that matches a prior encoded prompt, the model can reuse the KV activations previously computed for this prefix. Thus, maximizing the length of this prefix is essential for cache efficiency. For simplicity, our experiments implement prefix KV caching such that the KV activations are reused for only the longest prefix matching the _last_ encoded prompt. Most prefix caching implementations will store activations from further in the past and may lead to even higher cache efficiency as a result of being able to retrieve matching prefixes from multiple past prompts. + +Preprint. + +4 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +**==> picture [229 x 116] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Compose two functions to (functions, {cap:
capitalize two strings "capitalises a string",
Find the functions that are cat: "concats strings"})
relevant to the task
Validate
# map func to a description and revise
LLM
functions: dict[Callable, str]
(functions, {cap: (functions, add ,
"capitalises a string"}) cat: "concats
strings")
def first(a, b): return a
def cat(a, b): return a + b
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +Figure 3 | **PRISM code composition example.** The LLM proposes adding the `cat` function from the chunk _𝑑𝑖_ (and a description) to the existing memory because it best fits the query. The memory now has `cap` and `cat` . + +To leverage the cache utilization improvements we introduce next, we first ensure that our prompt is KV cache-friendly. The prompt is the tuple (T _,_ S _, 𝑚𝑖, 𝑑𝑖_ ). Since only _𝑚_ and _𝑑_ will change between incremental steps, there is no need to re-encode the tokens for the prefix (T , S). We arrange the prompt so that the memory _𝑚_ appears _before_ the chunk _𝑑_ rather than after because while the tokens in the chunk will likely be different, parts of the memory may not change across steps. As our method produces memory revisions, which do not necessarily always overwrite the entire memory, key-value activations can be reused when encoding memory _𝑚𝑖_ up until the point of the first change to the memory from the previous prompt _𝑚𝑖_ −1. Reusing a substantial number of token activations would be unlikely in the usual problem formulation with natural language memories. + +We now introduce _amendments_ , a novel approach to maximize cache utilization. If, instead of updating the path _𝑝_ in the memory with the new value _𝑣_ , we add a new memory, which we call an _amendment_ , containing the new value and its path directly after the existing one, then the KV activations for everything up to the newest change can always be reused. This requires the LLM to reason more about the memory by understanding that subsequent amendments with existing paths overwrite prior paths. Adding _amendments_ is an alternative to maintaining an _in-place_ memory (Figure 4) and creates a configurable efficiency trade-off. Amendments reduce encoding costs + +**==> picture [228 x 90] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Validate and revise
2. Amendments
1. In-Place Memory
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +Figure 4 | **PRISM’s amendments improve KV cache utilization.** Using a single-level key-value map as the memory _𝑚𝑖_ , we show an update proposed to the value at _𝑘_ 1. After applying it, we get memory state _𝑚𝑖_ +1 which can be represented in one of two ways: an _in-place memory_ where the value is updated directly or as _amendments_ where the change is amended to the end of the memory state as a new memory structure. Green shows the longest matching prefix compared to the previous memory _𝑚𝑖_ and red shows the information that must be (re-)encoded. Using amendments reduces the number of tokens that need to be encoded at the cost of increasing the size of the memory. + +but may increase memory tokens if update operations, rather than additions, dominate. A choice between these options should be made based on the expected operation patterns of a specific task, optimizing for the best performance in each scenario. + +## **3.4. Generating Memory Schemas** + +To minimize implementation effort and expand domain coverage, the memory schema can be automatically generated by prompting an LLM. We hand-craft three schemas from a variety of domains, using these as few-shot examples, and prompt the LLM (Appendix D) to generate a schema for a _different_ domain given a simple description of the query domain and an example query. + +For example, if the task is code retrieval, the prompt should describe the query domain, the task of retrieving a function given a code repository, and provide an example query which describes the procedure of a function as well as its inputs and outputs. The output of the LLM is then a schema that defines the structure of a memory + +Preprint. + +5 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +that encodes information relevant to this task from the chunks seen by the LLM. This could be something like a map from the names of functions seen to a brief description of what the function does. + +Other than automatically generating schemas reducing human effort, we hypothesize that an LLM can produce a more relevant schema for a task than what a non-expert may construct. Thus, schema generation makes PRISM accessible beyond domain specialists. + +## **4. Experiments** + +**Datasets** We use three state-of-the-art longrange datasets spanning the spectrum of reasoning tasks. _BooookScore_ (Chang et al., 2024) is both a long-context book summarization dataset and benchmark metric. It contains very large books (each over 100k tokens) curated to ensure they did not exist in the data of public LLMs at the time of publication. Chang et al. (2024) also introduce a reference-free summarization metric with the same name which we use to measure the coherency of summaries. This is an LLM-assisted measure that computes the % of sentences in the summary that do _not_ contain any of a number of error types. The second dataset is a longrange code understanding and retrieval benchmark called _RepoQA_ (Liu et al., 2024). Inputs are large code repositories totalling above 100k tokens. The task is to retrieve a function, described in natural language without being named, from the repository. A memory is useful to reason about this task because function descriptions describe behavior through relationships with other functions. We measure accuracy, marking an output as correct if it names the described function exactly. Our final task, which we refer to as _LOFTSpider_ (Lee et al., 2024), requires answering a set of questions directly (rather than via SQL commands) from a large SQL database. Response accuracy on this task is measured using exact match. These datasets evaluate opposing boundaries in LLM reasoning. BooookScore is an unstructured natural language reasoning task, while RepoQA and LOFT-Spider are well-structured retrieval and reasoning tasks. + +**Models** To establish a quality ceiling, we compare our baselines to a state-of-the-art long context model, Gemini 1.5 Pro (Reid et al., 2024), with a context of 1M tokens. This is large enough to fit the longest samples from each of the datasets we study _within_ context. For all other baselines, we use the same model with 32k context, isolating the impact of context length while keeping model capability constant. We use top _𝑘_ sampling ( _𝑘_ = 40) with temperature 0 _._ 8. + +**Baselines** We use _incremental_ merging and _hierarchical_ merging as our short-context baselines for BooookScore. These were proposed by Chang et al. (2024) alongside the dataset. Incremental merging follows the characteristic incremental task formulation of revising a running summary in natural language as new chunks are seen; hierarchical merging summarizes all chunks, then summarizes consecutive pairs of summaries hierarchically in layers until a single summary remains at the last layer. As RepoQA lacks shortcontext baselines, we adapted the incremental merging approach from Chang et al. (2024), modifying prompts to suit the retrieval task. We also construct a similar baseline for LOFT-Spider. A hierarchical baseline is not naturally amenable to these latter tasks as it is unclear how to merge summaries of independent functions or tables nor why it would be beneficial. + +**Ablations** To isolate components of our approach, we evaluate several variations of our method. We compare in-place memories to amendments (Figure 4) to see the effect of caching improvements. We also evaluate when the proposed revision (Definition 3.4) supports both `add` and `update` as well as when it supports only the `add` operation since using only the `add` operation can reduce the number of tokens decoded. + +**Setup** We encode our typed hierarchy in _JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)_ and specify the schema for the memory using Python 3 dataclasses. Appendix C provides some examples of this implementation. Unless specified otherwise, we use the schemas defined in Appendix A. We evaluate on 50 examples per dataset due to compute restrictions, and report the mean of the dataset-specific metric over all samples. We + +6 + +Preprint. + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +quote uncertainty as the standard error of the mean over five solutions generated through our method. + +## **4.1. PRISM Outperforms Alternatives While Using Shorter Contexts** + +In Table 2, our method beats both existing baselines (incremental and hierarchical merging) on all datasets to a statistically significant degree (at worst _𝑝_ = 0 _._ 02). This suggests that our structured approach and memory provide meaningful improvements in reasoning performance over alternatives. This could be a result of constraining the LLM to produce outputs that are directly relevant to the task using the structured memory. We also note that our approach generally benefits or performs on par with in-place memories when using amendments instead. This is a promising signal that cache-optimized memories can be just as effective at producing strong final answers. + +In all datasets, PRISM begins to approach the long context ceiling and in BooookScore, it almost matches it. RepoQA and LOFT-Spider are more difficult tasks that necessitate reasoning and aggregating over multiple code files and tables. It is not trivial to define a schema that optimally supports the reasoning involved. We also believe that critical information is clustered in these tasks and failing to add relevant information to the memory during the processing of an important chunk is likely to be substantially more costly than in summarization. + +While PRISM achieves strong performance across all tasks with significantly smaller context windows, what is the computational cost? Traditional memory approaches often trade increased token usage for improved reasoning capabilities. In the following section, we demonstrate that PRISM not only improves performance but does so with substantial efficiency gains. + +## **4.2. PRISM Is Scalable and Token-Efficient** + +In this section, we measure cache hit rate as the proportion of tokens whose key-value activations could be reused (i.e., the number of tokens in the longest matching prefix to the last input prompt + +divided by the total number of tokens encoded). We also compute a cost index to compare the relative compute cost of each method. + +In Table 3, we see that variants of our method achieve the best results for all metrics across both datasets. Notably, using amendments with updates leads to the highest cache hit rates and generally cuts costs in half. In the case of BooookScore, it leads to the lowest estimated cost. Similarly, for RepoQA, using amendments (but this time without updates) leads to the lowest cost. + +As compute constraints can significantly reduce viable context lengths, we also analyze how the characteristics of our method change as we reduce the context size. In Figure 5, we use different chunk sizes on the RepoQA dataset using our cache-efficient amended memory approach without updates. For larger chunk sizes, accuracy slightly increases. The net encoded tokens stays relatively constant since cache hit rate decreases. This is because a smaller proportion of the context is taken by the memory. Meanwhile, tokens decoded decreases as fewer incremental steps are required. However, tokens encoded dominates tokens decoded. Thanks to this property, remarkably, PRISM maintains consistent cost even as chunk sizes decrease by 4×. Thus, smaller chunks do not always lead to higher costs with our method. + +## **4.3. PRISM Works With Generated Schemas** + +In Table 4, we use LLM-generated schemas (Appendix B) constructed by providing a brief description of the task and an example query (alongside some examples for other tasks) to the LLM. The output is a schema that we use to specify the memory. We compare this to the best result using our hand-crafted schemas from Table 2. The results reveal that our approach is competitive with hand-crafted expert schemas. Our method can be applied to tasks with little human input or domain expertise. For LOFT-Spider, we believe it is generally unclear what an optimal memory representation would be, and it is impressive that a strong representation can be constructed with an LLM. + +Preprint. + +7 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +Table 2 | **PRISM closes the gap between baselines and long-context models using 4-50x smaller context windows.** Using just 2-8k token chunks (vs. 30-121k for long context), PRISM significantly outperforms baselines across all tasks. On BooookScore, PRISM’s amendments achieve 97% of longcontext performance ( _𝑝<._ 02) with 50x smaller context. On RepoQA, PRISM reaches 58% of ceiling accuracy while using 15x less context. + +|||**BooookScore**|**BooookScore**|**RepoQA**|**RepoQA**|**LOFT-Spider**| +|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| +|**Method**||Score
Ch. Tokens||Acc.
Ch. Tokens||Acc.
Ch. Tokens| +|||||||| +|Long context||_._67±_._004
100k||_._92
121k||_._44±_._01
30k| +|||||||| +|Baselines†
Incremental
Hierarchical||_._63±_._010
–
_._51±_._006||_._24±_._03
–
n/a||_._12±_._02
–
n/a| +|||||||| +|**PRISM**
In-place
+ w/o updates
Amendments
+ w/o updates||_._63±_._008
**2k**
_._63±_._006
_._**65**±_._004
**2k**
_._63±_._005||_._42±_._02
**8k**
_._50±_._03
_._48±_._03
**8k**
_._**53**±_._02||_._22±_._03
**8k**
_._**26**±_._02
_._14±_._01
**8k**
_._22±_._02| + + + +†Baselines adapted from Chang et al. (2024)’s methods. + +## **5. Conclusion & Future Work** + +PRISM demonstrates that structured in-context memories with programmatic revisions enable short-context models to match or approach longcontext performance at substantially lower computational cost with high token-efficiency. We achieved better long-range task performance than baselines with unstructured memories for unstructured tasks, such as narrative summarization, as well as structured reasoning problems for code and databases. Our method was even competitive with a long-context model. We also demonstrated that PRISM is task-agnostic, requiring only specifying an appropriate schema for our memory. This too can be automated by generating the schema with an LLM. These LLM-assisted schemas achieved similar performance to expert schemas. Furthermore, with a slight modification to the memory representation, we improved keyvalue cache efficiency to reduce inference cost substantially below baselines without sacrificing task performance. Finally, we noticed that our method scales down without significantly increasing the inference cost and while remaining practical for long-range reasoning. Taken collectively, our method provides a solution for long-range reasoning without expensive long-context models + +and specialized methods. + +We suggest several research directions for future work: (1) combine prior and future context rather than relying on incremental solutions; (2) applying our method to hierarchical memory approaches that capture both fine-grained details and high-level abstractions; (3) explore dynamically updating the schema based on incoming content; and (4) experiment with multi-stage PRISM processing, where the entire memory is revisited after all chunks are processed. This is computationally cheap due to our method’s memory caching advantages. + +## **6. Limitations** + +While we have shown that structured memories can be task-agnostic, improve quality, and improve token-efficiency, there remain some limitations to our work. First, we explore only three hand-crafted schemas across our tasks. There is likely to be a large space of effective and useful schemas for various types of tasks. Understanding how schemas should be designed for different tasks would help use structured memories more effectively. + +Second, the analysis of chunk size and token + +Preprint. + +8 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +Table 3 | **PRISM with amendments achieves 69% cache reuse and 54% cost reduction.** On BooookScore, PRISM’s amendment strategy maximizes cache hits (69% vs. 0-1% for incremental and hierarchical baselines) while minimizing net tokens (171k vs. 248k) and cost (0.31 vs. 0.67). Without updates further reduces output tokens by 70% but increases net encoding. Similar patterns hold for RepoQA, where amendments achieve 75% cache reuse. We do not provide a cost index for long context as the cost is different and would not be comparable. Results are similar for LOFT-Spider and shown in Appendix E for brevity. + +|**Method**
Cache|**Method**
Cache|Tokens (×103)
Output
Cost| +|---|---|---| +||Hit (%)|Total
Net
(×103)
Index| +|||_BooookScore_| +|Long context
–
Baselines
Incremental†
0
Hierarchical†
1|–|100
100
1
–| +|||249
248
141
0.67
227
225
70
0.43| +|**PRISM**
In-place
+ w/o updates
Amendments
+ w/o updates|49
34
**69**
37|495
250
131
0.64
619
409
**14**
0.45
559
**171**
47
**0.31**
676
424
15
0.47| +|||_RepoQA_| +|Long context
–
Incremental
1|–|121
121
0
–| +|||180
178
28
0.26| +|**PRISM**
In-place
+ w/o updates
Amendments
+ w/o updates|71
68
**75**
68|491
142
9
0.17
437
139
**6**
0.16
581
144
11
0.18
435
**138**
**6**
**0.15**| + + + +†Methods from Chang et al. (2024). Cost Index = (Net Tokens + 3 × Output) ÷ 10[6] , reflecting typical API pricing ratios. + +efficiency is an interesting preliminary study that demonstrates the cost-efficiency of our approach even in increasingly context-constrained environments. However, we were only able to examine a single dataset with just five different chunk sizes. Evaluating on more datasets and more chunk sizes would not only allow us to be more confident in our approach, but also would help investigate the presence of a scaling law for token-efficiency. + +Additionally, we do not use long-context benchmarks such as RULER (Hsieh et al., 2024) and InfiniteBench (Zhang et al., 2024) as their tasks are mostly synthetic. Instead, we choose to evaluate with tasks that are grounded in real prob- + +lems and of direct relevance to the community. Furthermore, the factors that these benchmarks aim to evaluate are retrieval, tracing, and aggregation, which we already evaluate using our tasks. Specifically, RepoQA requires retrieving exact code snippets from very large code repositories, LOFT-Spider requires tracing by resolving references across SQL tables, and BooookScore requires aggregation as it necessitates summarizing and synthesizing information across chunks. Thus, using additional benchmarks would introduce redundancy. + +Another limitation of our work, and incremental memory approaches in general, is that they + +Preprint. + +9 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +**==> picture [471 x 177] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
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+ + +Figure 5 | **PRISM costs do not increase with shorter chunk sizes due to effective KV caching.** This allows PRISM to scale down without sacrificing performance. Net tokens encoded are calculated after subtracting tokens reused. Weighted cost reflects typical API pricing (encoding + 3x decoding). + +Table 4 | **LLM-generated schemas match or approach experts.** Generated schemas achieve identical performance on RepoQA, near-parity on BooookScore (93% of expert), with some limitations on Spider (58% of expert). Both maintain similar efficiency (Manual: 760 tokens, Generated: 790 tokens).[†] Generated schema matched manual; alternative: _._ 24 ± _._ 01. + +|**Schema**|**B.Score**
**RepoQA**
**LOFT-Spider**| +|---|---| +||| +|Manual
Gen.|_._65±_._004
_._53±_._02
_._26±_._02
_._61±_._010
_._53† ±_._02
_._15±_._03| + + + +are less well-suited for precise multi-hop reasoning tasks. These tend to be synthetic tasks such as key-value tracing (Liu et al., 2023), where the context consists entirely of (key, value) pairs. Values may recursively point to other keys until a terminal value is found. If a value points to a key from a prior chunk, then for it to be traced successfully, this prior key-value pair must already be in the memory. To do so would require a complete and lossless memory as an incremental approach would not know in advance which precise key to keep in memory. This problem can be alleviated with multiple passes, reducing the usefulness of token efficiency, or by using a bidirectional or hierarchical approach. In realistic tasks that require tracing, such as LOFT-Spider where tables may refer to information from tables in prior chunks, we show that PRISM can still + +achieve reasonably strong performance, including outperforming other baselines. + +Perhaps the most significant limitation is that, although we outperform other short context approaches, the ultimate goal is to achieve on-par performance with long-context models. Although we achieved this for the summarization task, there remains a gap to bridge for other tasks. + +## _**Acknowledgments**_ + +Thanks to Michael Boratko and Zachary Fisher for comments and suggestions on this work. DJ was a Student Researcher at Google DeepMind during this project and is also supported by an AWS Studentship from the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Autonomous Intelligent Machines and Systems (AIMS) (EP/S024050/1). + +## **References** + +- Y. Chang, K. Lo, T. Goyal, and M. Iyyer. BooookScore: A systematic exploration of book-length summarization in the era of LLMs. In _The Twelfth International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024, Vienna, Austria, May 7-11, 2024_ . OpenReview.net, 2024. URL `https://openreview.net/ forum?id=7Ttk3RzDeu` . + +- W. Fei, X. Niu, G. Xie, Y. Zhang, B. Bai, L. Deng, + +Preprint. + +10 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +- and W. Han. Retrieval meets reasoning: Dynamic in-context editing for long-text understanding. _CoRR_ , abs/2406.12331, 2024. doi: 10.48550/ARXIV.2406.12331. URL `https:// doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.12331` . + +- Z. He, Z. Qin, N. Prakriya, Y. Sun, and J. Cong. HMT: hierarchical memory transformer for long context language processing. _CoRR_ , abs/2405.06067, 2024. doi: 10.48550/ARXIV. 2405.06067. URL `https://doi.org/10. 48550/arXiv.2405.06067` . + +- C.-P. Hsieh, S. Sun, S. Kriman, S. Acharya, D. Rekesh, F. Jia, and B. Ginsburg. Ruler: What’s the real context size of your long-context language models? _ArXiv_ , abs/2404.06654, 2024. + +- E. Hwang, Y. Zhou, J. B. Wendt, B. Gunel, N. Vo, J. Xie, and S. Tata. Enhancing incremental summarization with structured representations. In _Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024_ , pages 3830–3842, Miami, Florida, USA, Nov. 2024. doi: 10.18653/v1/2024.findings-emnlp. 220. URL `https://aclanthology.org/ 2024.findings-emnlp.220/` . + +- E. Hwang, Y. Zhou, B. Gunel, J. B. Wendt, and S. Tata. SUMIE: A synthetic benchmark for incremental entity summarization. In _Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics_ , pages 10839–10864, Abu Dhabi, UAE, Jan. 2025. URL `https://aclanthology.org/ 2025.coling-main.721/` . + +- M. Ivgi, U. Shaham, and J. Berant. Efficient long-text understanding with short-text models. _Trans. Assoc. Comput. Linguistics_ , 11:284– 299, 2023. doi: 10.1162/TACL\_A\_00547. URL `https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_ 00547` . + +- W. Kwon, Z. Li, S. Zhuang, Y. Sheng, L. Zheng, C. H. Yu, J. Gonzalez, H. Zhang, and I. Stoica. Efficient memory management for large language model serving with pagedattention. In _Proceedings of the 29th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, SOSP 2023, Koblenz, Germany, October 23-26, 2023_ , + +pages 611–626. ACM, 2023. doi: 10.1145/ 3600006.3613165. URL `https://doi.org/ 10.1145/3600006.3613165` . + +- J. Lee, A. Chen, Z. Dai, D. Dua, D. S. Sachan, M. Boratko, Y. Luan, S. M. R. Arnold, V. Perot, S. Dalmia, H. Hu, X. Lin, P. Pasupat, A. Amini, J. R. Cole, S. Riedel, I. Naim, M. Chang, and K. Guu. Can long-context language models subsume retrieval, rag, sql, and more? _CoRR_ , abs/2406.13121, 2024. doi: 10.48550/ARXIV. 2406.13121. URL `https://doi.org/10. 48550/arXiv.2406.13121` . + +- J. Liu, J. L. Tian, V. Daita, Y. Wei, Y. Ding, Y. K. Wang, J. Yang, and L. Zhang. RepoQA: Evaluating long context code understanding. _CoRR_ , abs/2406.06025, 2024. doi: 10.48550/ ARXIV.2406.06025. URL `https://doi.org/ 10.48550/arXiv.2406.06025` . + +- N. F. Liu, K. Lin, J. Hewitt, A. Paranjape, M. Bevilacqua, F. Petroni, and P. Liang. Lost in the middle: How language models use long contexts. _Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics_ , 12:157–173, 2023. + +- T. Munkhdalai, M. Faruqui, and S. Gopal. Leave no context behind: Efficient infinite context transformers with infini-attention. _CoRR_ , abs/2404.07143, 2024. doi: 10.48550/ARXIV. 2404.07143. URL `https://doi.org/10. 48550/arXiv.2404.07143` . + +- C. Packer, V. Fang, S. G. Patil, K. Lin, S. Wooders, and J. E. Gonzalez. MemGPT: Towards LLMs as operating systems. _CoRR_ , abs/2310.08560, 2023. doi: 10.48550/ARXIV.2310.08560. URL `https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv. 2310.08560` . + +- R. Pope, S. Douglas, A. Chowdhery, J. Devlin, J. Bradbury, J. Heek, K. Xiao, S. Agrawal, and J. Dean. Efficiently scaling transformer inference. In _Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Machine Learning and Systems, MLSys 2023, Miami, FL, USA, June 4-8, 2023_ . mlsys.org, 2023. + +- H. Qian, Z. Liu, P. Zhang, K. Mao, Y. Zhou, X. Chen, and Z. Dou. Are long-llms a necessity for long-context tasks? _ArXiv_ , abs/2405.15318, 2024. + +Preprint. + +11 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +- M. Reid, N. Savinov, D. Teplyashin, D. Lepikhin, T. P. Lillicrap, J. Alayrac, R. Soricut, A. Lazaridou, O. Firat, J. Schrittwieser, I. Antonoglou, R. Anil, S. Borgeaud, A. M. Dai, K. Millican, E. Dyer, M. Glaese, T. Sottiaux, B. Lee, F. Viola, M. Reynolds, Y. Xu, J. Molloy, J. Chen, M. Isard, P. Barham, T. Hennigan, R. McIlroy, M. Johnson, J. Schalkwyk, E. Collins, E. Rutherford, E. Moreira, K. Ayoub, M. Goel, C. Meyer, G. Thornton, Z. Yang, H. Michalewski, Z. Abbas, N. Schucher, A. Anand, R. Ives, J. Keeling, K. Lenc, S. Haykal, S. Shakeri, P. Shyam, A. Chowdhery, R. Ring, S. Spencer, E. Sezener, and others. Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context. _CoRR_ , abs/2403.05530, 2024. doi: 10.48550/ARXIV.2403.05530. URL `https:// doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.05530` . + +- W. Wang, L. Dong, H. Cheng, X. Liu, X. Yan, J. Gao, and F. Wei. Augmenting language models with long-term memory. In _Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 36: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2023, NeurIPS 2023, New Orleans, LA, USA, December 10 - 16, 2023_ , 2023. + +- X. Zhang, Y. Chen, S. Hu, Z. Xu, J. Chen, M. K. Hao, X. Han, Z. L. Thai, S. Wang, Z. Liu, and M. Sun. Infinitebench: Extending long context evaluation beyond 100k tokens. _ArXiv_ , abs/2402.13718, 2024. + +- L. Zheng, L. Yin, Z. Xie, J. Huang, C. Sun, C. H. Yu, S. Cao, C. Kozyrakis, I. Stoica, J. E. Gonzalez, C. W. Barrett, and Y. Sheng. Efficiently programming large language models using sglang. _CoRR_ , abs/2312.07104, 2023. doi: 10.48550/ARXIV.2312.07104. URL `https:// doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2312.07104` . + +Preprint. + +12 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +## **A. Hand-crafted schemas** + +For BooookScore, the attributes map should be keyed by some identifier and the values should be a list of sentences that summarize the main plot of the book including events, background, themes, and characters. For RepoQA, each key is a function name and the value is a type that contains a natural language description of the function’s purpose, input, output, and procedure. For LOFT-Spider, the schema maps table names to descriptions of the columns and relevant fields. + +1 `@dataclasses.dataclass` 2 `class BookSummary:` 3 `""" Keys may be whatever you want them to be. Values should summarize in sentences only the most important attributes of the book which should include absolutely essential details such as the main characters and their motivations , the main plot , the main events , background information , and the main theme. """` 4 `attributes: dict [ str , list [ str ]]` 5 + +Listing 1 | Schema for BooookScore. + +1 `@dataclasses.dataclass` 2 `class FunctionNaturalDescriptor :` 3 `""" candidate_functions is keyed by the exact name of the function and stores FunctionDescription objects. Each entry should represent a unique function , class method , property , getter , or setter (or anything defined with a def keyword) present in [TEXT] that potentially matches the description given in [QUESTION ]. Never add the same function more than once and only add functions that appear similar to the description given in [QUESTION ]. If two functions are very similar to each other , you should make sure to distinguish them in their FunctionDescription objects."""` 4 `@dataclasses.dataclass` 5 `class FunctionDescription :` 6 `""" purpose describes the purpose of the function i.e. what it does. input describes what the parameters of the function are. output describes what the function returns. procedure describes how the function is implemented (i.e . how it does what it does). Do not repeat the description given in [QUESTION ]. You must describe the function based on what you see in [TEXT ]."""` 7 `purpose: str` 8 `input : str` 9 `output: str` 10 `procedure: str` 11 `candidate_functions : dict [ str , FunctionDescription ]` + +Listing 2 | Schema for RepoQA. + +Preprint. + +13 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +1 `@dataclasses.dataclass` 2 `class RelevantTableInfo (pg.Object):` 3 `""" table_descriptions is a list of TableDescription objects. One for each table."""` 4 5 `@dataclasses.dataclass` 6 `class TableDescription (pg.Object):` 7 `""" Each element in columns_observed should provide the precise name and data type of a column in the table. In relevant_statistics you should calculate and provide statistics relevant to answering the query. relationships should provide the names of other tables that are related to this table and relevant to answering the query ."""` 8 `table_name: str` 9 `table_description : str` 10 `columns_observed : list [ str ]` 11 `relevant_statistics : list [ str ]` 12 `relationships: list [ str ]` 13 14 `table_descriptions : list [ TableDescription ]` Listing 3 | Schema for LOFT-Spider. + +## **B. LLM-generated schemas** + +1 `@dataclasses.dataclass` 2 `class NarrativeSummary :` 3 `@dataclasses.dataclass` 4 `class SummaryEvent:` 5 `events: str` 6 `characters: str` 7 `places: str` 8 `elements: str` 9 `summary_events : dict [ str , SummaryEvent]` Listing 4 | LLM-Generated Schema for BooookScore. + +1 `@dataclasses.dataclass` 2 `class FunctionMatch:` 3 `matches: dict [ str , float ]` Listing 5 | LLM-Generated Schema for RepoQA. + +1 `@dataclasses.dataclass` 2 `class QueryPartialSolution (pg.Object) :` 3 `attributes: dict [ str , list [ str ]]` Listing 6 | LLM-Generated Schema for LOFT-Spider. + +Preprint. + +14 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +## **C. Using Typed Hierarchies in JSON** + +We present the use of Typed Hierarchies in JSON in figure 6. In this section, we refer to revisions as updates. The problem formulation is the same otherwise. + +**==> picture [471 x 187] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Query Schema Memory (i) Chunk (i)
Find the function which class FuncMem: { "candidates": { def bar(text: str):
best matches the class FuncProp: "foo": { hit = walk(text)
following description: "Itwalks a tree encoded as purpose: str percent_match: float }}} "purpose": "[...]", "percent_match": 0.2, if hit: return True else:
a string, searching for a candidates: dict[str, FuncProp] [...]
leaf node with [...]"
Context
Update (i+1) Memory (i+1)
Task { "$.'candidates'.'bar'": JSON { "candidates": {
LLM { "add": { "foo": {[...]},
Instruction "purpose": "[...]", update "bar": { "purpose": "[...]",
"percent_match": 0.8, "percent_match": 0.8,
}}} }}}
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +Figure 6 | **Using a JSON-encoded memory.** Using the example of a code retrieval task, we fill the context of the LLM with the task instruction, query, a schema defining our memory structure, the existing memory, and a chunk of code context. When this context is used to prompt the LLM, it should propose a memory revision based on the chunk that it has seen. The revision is used to programmatically revise the underlying JSON memory structure, which is then used in the prompt for the next step. + +## **D. Prompts** + +In this section, we provide prompts for PRISM and LLM-assisted schema generation. Prompts for baselines may be found in Chang et al. (2024). + +## **Example Prompt For PRISM** + +1 `{% raw %}I will provide a class definition [CLASS], which defines some fields that need to be generated , an instantiation of that class under [ PARTIAL_SUMMARY ] that is a response to the question in [ QUESTION], and some text in a section called [TEXT ]. Your task is to propose updates to [ PARTIAL_SUMMARY ] gathered from the information in [TEXT ].` 2 3 `Here are the sections that you will complete , in the same order:` 4 5 `[OBJECTS FOR UPDATE]` 6 `In this section you will produce a set of dictionaries (one per line) in JSON format where the keys correspond go the JSONPaths whose objects should be updated and the values are a dictionary with the following fields:` 7 `* ’update ’: The object to overwrite the existing value at the JSONPath .` 8 + +Preprint. + +15 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +**==> picture [377 x 199] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Memory (i) Memory (i+1) Memory (i+1)
{ "candidates": { { "candidates": { { "candidates": {
"foo": { "foo": { "foo": {
"purpose": "[...]", "purpose": "[...]", "purpose": "[...]",
"percent_match": 0.2, "percent_match": 0.7, "percent_match": 0.2,
}, }, },
"bar": { "bar": { "bar": {
"purpose": "[...]", "purpose": "[...]", "purpose": "[...]",
"percent_match": 0.8, "percent_match": 0.8, "percent_match": 0.8,
}, }, },
"baz": { "baz": { "baz": {
"purpose": "[...]", "purpose": "[...]", "purpose": "[...]",
"percent_match": 0.1, "percent_match": 0.1, "percent_match": 0.1,
} } }
}} }} }}
{ "candidates": {
"foo": {
Single Memory "purpose": "[...]", "percent_match": 0.7,
Update (i+1) }
}}
{ "$.'candidates'.'foo'":
{ "update": {
"purpose": "[...]", Amendments
"percent_match": 0.7,
}}}
UpdateMemory
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +Figure 7 | **Using amendments with a JSON memory.** An update to the candidate function “foo” is proposed, changing the existing “percent_match” field from 0 _._ 2 to 0 _._ 7 and replacing the “purpose” field. The function `ReviseMemory` takes the existing memory and applies the proposed update to it. We show two possible resulting memory states. _Single memory_ shows the memory if the object at the specified path is updated with the new object directly. _Amendments_ shows the state if the change is simply amended to the end as a new JSON object. Text in green shows the longest matching prefix compared to the previous memory and text in red shows the information that must be (re-)encoded. Using amendments reduces the number of tokens that need to be encoded at the cost of increasing the size of the memory. + +9 `The ’update ’ object must adhere to the [CLASS] definition at the given JSONPath. If information is missing for some fields , then you can use the placeholder string ’???’ or ‘None ‘ to represent that missing information. Updates must only ever increase the amount of information in [ PARTIAL_SUMMARY ], they can be made by either replacing a ‘None ‘ object or the placeholder string ’???’ with relevant content from [TEXT] or by modifying an existing value using content from [TEXT ]. To separate multiple values within a string , use ’; ’. For example , a value about the ’location ’ of a hotel may say ’5 minute walk from the subway station; views of the Eiffel tower ’.` 10 11 `[OBJECTS FOR ADD]` 12 `In this section you will produce a dictionary in JSON format where the keys correspond to the JSONPaths that do not exist in [ PARTIAL_SUMMARY ] yet that will be added , and the values are a dictionary with the following fields:` 13 `* ’add ’: The object to add at that JSONPath.` 14 15 `The ’add ’ object must adhere to the [CLASS] definition at the given JSONPath. If information is missing for some fields , then you can use the placeholder string ’???’ or ‘None ‘ to represent that missing information.` 16 17 `Additional guidelines:` 18 + +16 + +Preprint. + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +19 `1. Field names in JSONPaths must be quoted. For example , "$.’places ’.’ flexibility of material ’".` 20 `2. Proposed JSON objects must have sufficient context: the values of the [ PARTIAL_SUMMARY ] should have enough context so a reader can understand what it means.` 21 `3. Ignore irrelevant text: If the content in [TEXT] does not have any information that is relevant to [QUESTION] and [ PARTIAL_SUMMARY ] it is OK to make no update to that object.` 22 `4. No redundant fields: If information from [TEXT] can be incorporated by updating an existing field in [ PARTIAL_SUMMARY ], then do not introduce a new redundant field. For example , if there ’s already a field for ’activities ’ do not introduce a new field for ’other activities ’ or ’water activities ’, ’hiking ’. Update the existing field for ’activities ’.` 23 `5. A field should not contain redundant values. If one value encompasses most of the details in another value , merge them together. For instance , "beautiful views of the Eiffel tower" and " view of the Eiffel tower" should be merged into a single value like "beautiful views of the Eiffel tower ".` 24 25 `Here is an example of an entity comparision:` 26 `[QUESTION]` 27 `ESR HaloLock wireless car charger vs. MagSafe Wireless Car Charger` 28 29 `[CLASS]` 30 `Comparison` 31 32 `‘‘‘python` 33 `class Comparison:` 34 `product_names: tuple[str , str]` 35 `Facet = str` 36 `values: dict[Facet , tuple[str , str]]` 37 `‘‘‘` 38 39 `[ PARTIAL_SUMMARY ]` 40 `{` 41 `"product_names ": ("ESR HaloLock wireless car charger", "MagSafe Wireless Car Charger "),` 42 `"values ": {` 43 `"size ": ("4.2 inches", "???") ,` 44 `"flexibility ": ("???" , "very flexible "),` 45 `}` 46 `}` 47 48 `[TEXT]` 49 `When using ESR HaloLock wireless car charger , the orientation of the iPhone is absolutely free , as they are free too inclination and height that you want to give to the smartphone , as long as you pay attention to the center of gravity: despite the aluminum structure it is very resistant and the joints are very solid , if you position the smartphone too far forward , the base of the stand would not be able to support the weight and would risk tilting forward.` 50 51 `[OBJECTS FOR UPDATE]` 52 `{"$.’values ’.’ flexibility ’": {" update ": (" allows iPhone to orientate freely", "very flexible ")}}` 53 54 `[OBJECTS FOR ADD]` 55 `{"$.’values ’.’material ’": {"add": (" aluminum structure", "???") }}` + +Preprint. + +17 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +56 `{"$.’values ’.’ durability ’": {"add": (" very resistant", "???") }}` 57 `{"$.’values ’.’design ’": {"add": ("can not support the weight of a phone if it is too far forward", "???") }}` 58 59 `===` 60 61 `Here is an example of an entity summarization:` 62 `[QUESTION]` 63 `Describe attributes and values of HOTEL0.` 64 65 `[CLASS]` 66 `class Summary(TypedDict):` 67 `attributes: dict[str , list[str]] # Keyed by attribute , with a list of sufficient details about the attribute.` 68 69 `[ PARTIAL_SUMMARY ]` 70 `{` 71 `"attributes ": {` 72 `"Amenities ": [" There are two pools", "pub opens till midnight "],` 73 `"Food & Beverage ": [" limited breakfast options "],` 74 `"Room Quality ": [" Spacious and comfortable rooms "],` 75 `}` 76 `}` 77 78 `[TEXT]` 79 `HOTEL0 offers exceptional dining and the beds were very cozy , but there was a lot of street noise. HOTEL1 offers great Eiffel tower view from window.` 80 81 `[OBJECTS FOR UPDATE]` 82 `{"$.’attributes ’.’Food & Beverage ’": {" update ": [ "limited breakfast options", "HOTEL0 offers exceptional dining" ]}}` 83 `{"$.’attributes ’.’Room Quality ’": {" update ": [ "Spacious and comfortable rooms", "beds were very cozy" ]}}` 84 85 `[OBJECTS FOR ADD]` 86 `{"$.’attributes ’.’ Noise Level ’": {"add": [ "Notable street noise at night" ]}}` 87 88 `===` 89 90 `Here is an example of query answering from SQL tables:` 91 `[QUESTION]` 92 `What is the total number of singers?` 93 94 `[CLASS]` 95 `class TableMemory(pg.Object):` 96 `""" table_descriptions is keyed by the name of the table and the value is a TableDescription object. One for each table ."""` 97 98 `class TableDescription (pg.Object):` 99 `""" table_description is a short summary of the table. thoughts is a list of relevant information from the table that will be helpful in answering the query. When referring to fields and columns , use their exact names ."""` 100 `table_description : str` 101 `thoughts: list[str]` 102 103 `table_descriptions : dict[str , TableDescription ]` + +Preprint. + +18 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +104 105 `[ PARTIAL_SUMMARY ]` 106 `{` 107 `" table_descriptions ": {` 108 `"Stadiums ": {` 109 `" table_description ": "The table lists the stadiums including Wembley Stadium , Stark ’s Park , and others .",` 110 `"thoughts ": [` 111 `"There are 8 stadiums in the table .",` 112 `"It does not say which singers perform .",` 113 `],` 114 `},` 115 `},` 116 `}` 117 118 `[TEXT]` 119 `Table: Concert` 120 `concert_ID ,concert_Name ,Theme ,Stadium_ID ,Year` 121 `1,Auditions ,Free choice ,1 ,2014` 122 `2,Super bootcamp ,Free choice 2 ,2 ,2014` 123 `3,Home Visits ,Bleeding Love ,2 ,2015` 124 `4,Week 1,Wide Awake ,10 ,2014` 125 `5,Week 1,Happy Tonight ,9 ,2015` 126 `6,Week 2,Party All Night ,7 ,2015` 127 128 `Table: Singer` 129 `Singer_ID ,Name ,Country ,Song_Name ,Song_release_year ,Age ,Is_male` 130 `1,Joe Sharp ,Netherlands ,You ,1992 ,52 ,F` 131 `2,Timbaland ,United States ,Dangerous ,2008 ,32 ,T` 132 `3,Justin Brown ,France ,Hey Oh ,2013 ,29 ,T` 133 `4,Rose White ,France ,Sun ,2003 ,41 ,F` 134 `5,John Nizinik ,France ,Gentleman ,2014 ,43 ,T` 135 `6,Tribal King ,France ,Love ,2016 ,25 ,T` 136 137 `Table: Singer_in_Concert` 138 `concert_ID ,Singer_ID` 139 `1,2` 140 `1,3` 141 `1,5` 142 `2,3` 143 `2,6` 144 `3,5` 145 `4,4` 146 `5,6` 147 `5,3` 148 `6,2` 149 150 `Table: Stadium` 151 `Stadium_ID ,Location ,Name ,Capacity ,Highest ,Lowest ,Average` 152 `1,Raith Rovers ,Stark ’s Park ,10104 ,4812 ,1294 ,2106` 153 `2,Ayr United ,Somerset Park ,11998 ,2363 ,1057 ,1477` 154 `3,East Fife ,Bayview Stadium ,2000 ,1980 ,533 ,864` 155 `4,Queen ’s Park ,Hampden Park ,52500 ,1763 ,466 ,730` 156 `5,Stirling Albion ,Forthbank Stadium ,3808 ,1125 ,404 ,642` 157 `6,Arbroath ,Gayfield Park ,4125 ,921 ,411 ,638` 158 `7,Alloa Athletic ,Recreation Park ,3100 ,1057 ,331 ,637` 159 `9,Peterhead ,Balmoor ,4000 ,837 ,400 ,615` 160 `10, Brechin City ,Glebe Park ,3960 ,780 ,315 ,552` 161 + +Preprint. + +19 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +**==> picture [471 x 667] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+162 [OBJECTS FOR UPDATE]
163 {}
164
165 [OBJECTS FOR ADD]
166 {"$.’table_descriptions ’.’Singers ’": {"add": {" table_description ": "
This table lists the singers .", "thoughts ": [ "The Singer table has
the singers Joe Sharp , Timbaland , Justin Brown , Rose White , John
Nizinik , and Tribal King.", "There are 6 singers in the table ."
]}}}
167
168 ===
169
170 Here is an example of code retrieval:
171 [QUESTION]
172 Find the exact name of the function described by the following
function descripition: 1. ** Purpose **: The function generates a
string used to format text with new lines and optionally a form
feed character , typically used to control spacing in formatted
output.
173 2. ** Input **: The function takes three parameters: an integer
representing the number of new lines , a boolean indicating whether
a form feed character should be included , and an optional string
representing the line break character (defaulting to a newline).
174 3. ** Output **: It returns a string composed of the specified number of
newline characters , and if requested , includes a form feed
character followed by an additional newline.
175 4. ** Procedure **: The function first checks if the form feed should be
included. If true , it concatenates the specified number of newline
characters minus one with a form feed character and another
newline. If false , it simply returns a string of newline characters
multiplied by the specified integer.
176
177 [CLASS]
178 class FunctionNaturalDescriptor (pg.Object):
179 """ candidate_functions is keyed by the exact name of the function
and stores FunctionDescription objects. Each entry should represent
a unique function , class method , property , getter , or setter (or
anything defined with a def keyword) present in [TEXT] that
potentially matches the description given in [QUESTION ]. Never add
the same function more than once and only add functions that appear
similar to the description given in [QUESTION ]. If two functions
are very similar to each other , you should make sure to distinguish
them in their FunctionDescription objects .""" # pylint: disable=
line -too -long
180
181 class FunctionDescription (pg.Object):
182 """ purpose describes the purpose of the function i.e. what it does
. input describes what the parameters of the function are. output
describes what the function returns. procedure describes how the
function is implemented (i.e. how it does what it does). Do not
repeat the description given in [QUESTION ]. You must describe the
function based on what you see in [TEXT ].""" # pylint: disable=
line -too -long
183 purpose: str
184 input: str
185 output: str
186 procedure: str
187
188 candidate_functions : dict[str , FunctionDescription ]
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +Preprint. + +20 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +189 190 `[ PARTIAL_SUMMARY ]` 191 `{` 192 `" candidate_functions ": {` 193 `" _merge_entities ":{` 194 `"purpose ": "The function merges a list of entities into a single entity. Optionally , the merge can be done quickly , which may result in some information being lost. The function also formats and prints the merged entity .",` 195 `"input ": "The function takes two parameters: a list of entities to merge and a boolean indicating whether to do a quick merge ( defaulting to False).",` 196 `"output ": "The function returns a single entity created from merging all entities in the input list.",` 197 `"procedure ": "The function first checks if the quick merge flag is set. If true , it uses a simple merge algorithm that simply concatenates all the entities in the list without any additional processing. If false , it uses a more complex merge algorithm that attempts to merge the entities in a way that preserves as much information as possible. The function then formats and prints the merged entity .",` 198 `},` 199 `" reduce_sum_list ": {` 200 `"purpose ": "The function reduces a list of integers to a single integer by summing all the values in the list.",` 201 `"input ": "The function takes a single parameter: a list of integers .",` 202 `"output ": "The function returns a single integer representing the sum of all the values in the list.",` 203 `"procedure ": "The function iterates through the list of integers and adds each value to a running sum. It then returns the running sum.",` 204 `}` 205 `}` 206 `}` 207 208 `[TEXT]` 209 `File path: /src/test_file.py` 210 `Content:` 211 `elif t in {token.NAME , token.NUMBER , token.STRING }:` 212 `return NO` 213 214 `elif p.type == syms.import_from:` 215 `if t == token.DOT:` 216 `if prev and prev.type == token.DOT:` 217 `return NO` 218 219 `elif t == token.NAME:` 220 `if v == "import ":` 221 `return SPACE` 222 223 `if prev and prev.type == token.DOT:` 224 `return NO` 225 226 `elif p.type == syms.sliceop:` 227 `return NO` 228 229 `elif p.type == syms.except_clause:` 230 `if t == token.STAR:` + +Preprint. + +21 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +231 `return NO` 232 233 `return SPACE` 234 235 236 `def make_simple_prefix (nl_count: int , form_feed: bool , empty_line: str = "\n") -> str:` 237 `""" Generate a normalized prefix string ."""` 238 `if form_feed:` 239 `return (empty_line * (nl_count - 1)) + "\f" + empty_line` 240 `return empty_line * nl_count` 241 242 243 `def preceding_leaf (node: Optional[LN]) -> Optional[Leaf ]:` 244 `""" Return the first leaf that precedes ‘node ‘, if any ."""` 245 `while node:` 246 `res = node.prev_sibling` 247 `if res:` 248 `if isinstance(res , Leaf):` 249 `return res` 250 251 `try:` 252 `return list(res.leaves ())[-1]` 253 254 `except IndexError:` 255 `return None` 256 257 `node = node.parent` 258 `return None` 259 260 261 `def prev_siblings_are (node: Optional[LN], tokens: List[Optional[ NodeType ]]) -> bool:` 262 `""" Return if the ‘node ‘ and its previous siblings match types against the provided` 263 `list of tokens; the provided ‘node ‘has its type matched against the last element in` 264 `the list. ‘None ‘ can be used as the first element to declare that the start of the` 265 `list is anchored at the start of its parent ’s children ."""` 266 267 `[OBJECTS FOR UPDATE]` 268 `{}` 269 270 `[OBJECTS FOR ADD]` 271 `{"$.’candidate_functions ’.’ make_simple_prefix ’": {"add": {" purpose ": " The function generates a prefix string by repeating a number of empty lines which can be formatted with a form feed character if supplied .", "input ": "The function takes three parameters: an integer which denotes the number of new lines , a boolean determining if a form feed character should be used , and an optional argument: a string representing a character to be used for line breaks. This optional argument is defaulted to a newline character .", "output ": "The function returns a string which is a prefix of the desired format .", "procedure ": "The function first checks if the form feed character should be used. If it should , the function generates a string which is a concatenation of the specified number of newline characters minus one , a form feed character , and another newline character. If it should not , the` + +Preprint. + +22 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +`function generates a string which is a concatenation of the specified number of newline characters. The function then returns the generated string ." }}}` 272 `{"$.’candidate_functions ’.’ preceding_leaf ’": {"add": {" purpose ": "The function returns the first leaf that precedes a given node , if any .", "input ": "The function takes a single parameter: a node to find the preceding leaf for.", "output ": "The function returns a leaf if one exists , otherwise it returns None.", "procedure ": "The function first checks if the node has a previous sibling. If it does , it checks if the previous sibling is a leaf. If it is , it returns the previous sibling. If it has a list of leaves , then it returns the last (or None if there is an IndexError). If it is not a leaf nor has a list of leaves , it sets the node to the parent and repeats the process in a while loop ." }}}` 273 `{"$.’candidate_functions ’.’ prev_siblings_are ’": {"add": {" purpose ": " The function checks if the node and its previous siblings match types against the provided list of tokens .", "input ": "The function takes two parameters: a node to check and a list of tokens to match against .", "output ": "The function returns a boolean indicating whether the node and its previous siblings match types against the provided list of tokens .", "procedure ": "Unknown" }}}` 274 275 `===` 276 277 `{% endraw %}[ QUESTION]` 278 `{{ question }}` 279 280 `[CLASS]` 281 `{{ structure }}` 282 283 `[ PARTIAL_SUMMARY ]` 284 `{{ partial_summary }}` 285 286 `[TEXT]` 287 `{{ text }}` 288 289 `{{ parse_response (store (" raw_response", llm(temperature =0.8))) }}` + +## **Example Prompt For Schema Generation (And Example Generations)** + +1 `I have a system in which a user enters a query in a particular domain and the system must answer the query. In order to answer the query , the system views a large number of documents one at a time and only once. Thus , when the system sees a document it stores information related to answering the query by updating a JSON format memory. Once the system has viewed all documents , the system will read its JSON memory and use this information to decide the output for the query. Consequently , the JSON memory should store all information relevant to answering the query. Hence , the schema for the JSON memory must ensure that the memory contains the right information to assist the system in producing the final answer. It should make sure not to keep too little information nor too much - but generally should prefer to store more information if unsure. The schema for the memory is defined by a python dataclass and is specific to the domain of the query. The schema may include a python comment describing how it should be used. Your task is to construct a schema given a query domain and a query example.` + +Preprint. + +23 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +2 3 `The schema will always store some information from every document , so it should support data structures that can be appended or updated such as lists or dicts. Information that should be structured together should be kept together with subclasses.` 4 5 `===` 6 7 `[Query domain]` 8 `Comparing two entities found in various documents based on their respective shared attributes.` 9 10 `[Example query]` 11 `ESR HaloLock wireless car charger vs. MagSafe Wireless Car Charger` 12 13 `[Schema]` 14 `‘‘‘python` 15 `class Comparison:` 16 `""" attributes should be keyed by attributes that both entities share e.g. connectivity and the values should be AttributeValues instances ."""` 17 `class AttributeValues :` 18 `""" entity_one and entity_two are lists of descriptions relating to the two respective entities , found in documents , that correspond to the specific attribute the instance is keyed under ."""` 19 `entity_one: list[str]` 20 `entity_two: list[str]` 21 22 23 `attributes: dict[str , AttributeValues ]` 24 `‘‘‘` 25 26 27 `===` 28 29 `[Query domain]` 30 `Summarizing details about entities (such as people , things , and institutions) found in online documents.` 31 32 `[Example query]` 33 `Describe attributes and values of HOTEL0.` 34 35 `[Schema]` 36 `‘‘‘python` 37 `class Summary(TypedDict):` 38 `""" Keyed by attribute , with a list of sufficient details about the attribute ."""` 39 `attributes: dict[str , list[str]]` 40 `‘‘‘` 41 42 `===` 43 44 `[Query domain]` 45 `Finding the top individuals in terms of a particular metric defined by the query. Documents are the content of websites on the internet.` 46 47 `[Example query]` 48 `Who are the top 10 highest earning CEOs in the bay area?` 49 + +Preprint. + +24 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +50 `[Schema]` 51 `‘‘‘python` 52 `class TopKList:` 53 `""" top_persons is a list of PersonMetric instances giving the person name and the value of the metric asked by the query ."""` 54 `class PersonMetric:` 55 `""" person is the name of the individual and metric is the value of the metric required by the query ."""` 56 `person: str` 57 `metric: float` 58 59 60 `top_persons: list[PersonMetric]` 61 `‘‘‘` 62 63 `===` 64 65 `[Query domain]` 66 `Retrieving the exact name of a function given a query that describes the purpose , input , output , and procedure of the function. Documents are files of code. Here , the memory should provide some way of knowing to what extent a function matches the description given in a query.` 67 68 `[Example query]` 69 `Find the exact name of the function described by the following function description: 1. ** Purpose **: The function generates a string used to format text with new lines and optionally a form feed character , typically used to control spacing in formatted output.` 70 `2. ** Input **: The function takes three parameters: an integer representing the number of new lines , a boolean indicating whether a form feed character should be included , and an optional string representing the line break character (defaulting to a newline).` 71 `3. ** Output **: It returns a string composed of the specified number of newline characters , and if requested , includes a form feed character followed by an additional newline.` 72 `4. ** Procedure **: The function first checks if the form feed should be included. If true , it concatenates the specified number of newline characters minus one with a form feed character and another newline. If false , it simply returns a string of newline characters multiplied by the specified integer.` 73 74 75 `[Schema]` 76 77 `Generated Schema (for RepoQA):` 78 `class FunctionMatch:` 79 `""" Stores information about functions found in code ."""` 80 `class FunctionInfo:` 81 `""" name is the exact name of the function and matches is a list of strings describing which parts of the function description in the query were matched to the function ."""` 82 `name: str` 83 `matches: list[str]` 84 85 86 `functions: list[FunctionInfo]` 87 + +Preprint. + +25 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +88 `===` 89 90 `[Query domain]` 91 `You are summarizing very long narrative books. Each document is a segment of the book. Here , the story may feature non -linear narratives , flashbacks , switches between alternate worlds or viewpoints , etc. Therefore , the memory needs to represent a consistent and chronological narrative. Critical information may relate to key events , backgrounds , settings , characters , their objectives , and motivations.` 92 93 `[Example query]` 94 `Summarize this book excerpt. Briefly introduce characters , places , and other major elements if they are being mentioned for the first time.` 95 96 `[Schema]` 97 98 `Generated Schema (for BooookScore):` 99 100 `class BookSummary:` 101 `""" Summarizes a book with potentially non -linear narratives by storing information chronologically ."""` 102 `class Event:` 103 `""" Represents a single event in the story. Events are stored in chronological order ."""` 104 `description: str` 105 `""" Description of the event ."""` 106 `time: str` 107 `""" Explicit time information provided in the text for this event , if any ."""` 108 `location: str` 109 `""" Location of the event , if specified ."""` 110 `characters: list[str]` 111 `""" Characters involved in the event ."""` 112 113 `class Character:` 114 `""" Represents a character in the story ."""` 115 `name: str` 116 `""" Name of the character ."""` 117 `description: str` 118 `""" Description or background information about the character ."""` 119 `motivations: list[str]` 120 `""" Known or speculated motivations of the character ."""` 121 122 `class Location:` 123 `""" Represents a location in the story ."""` 124 `name: str` 125 `""" Name of the location ."""` 126 `description: str` 127 `""" Description of the location ."""` 128 129 `events: list[Event]` 130 `""" List of events in the story , ordered chronologically ."""` 131 `characters: dict[str , Character]` 132 `""" Dictionary of characters encountered in the story , keyed by character name ."""` 133 `locations: dict[str , Location]` + +26 + +Preprint. + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +134 `""" Dictionary of locations encountered in the story , keyed by location name ."""` 135 136 `===` 137 138 `[Query domain]` 139 `Given a bunch of SQL tables formatted in text , answer queries that may require reasoning over multiple tables to find the answer.` 140 141 `[Example query]` 142 `What is the total number of singers?` 143 144 `[Schema]` 145 146 `LOFT -Spider generated schema:` 147 148 `class SQLQueryInformation :` 149 `""" This schema stores information relevant to a SQL query.` 150 `It focuses on the entities and attributes mentioned in the query ,` 151 `rather than storing entire tables.` 152 `"""` 153 154 `class EntityInformation :` 155 `""" Represents information about a specific entity mentioned in the query.` 156 `For instance , if the query asks about ’singers ’, this would store` 157 `information related to singers.` 158 `"""` 159 `name: str # Entity name (e.g., "singers ")` 160 `relevant_columns : list[str] # Columns relevant to the query for this entity` 161 `relevant_rows: list[dict[str , str]] # Rows containing information related to the query , as dictionaries` 162 163 `entities: list[ EntityInformation ]` 164 165 `# Additional fields for aggregate queries (COUNT , SUM , AVG , etc.):` 166 `aggregate_results : dict[str , float] # e.g., {" count ": 123}` + +## **E. Additional Results** + +We present additional results, extending Table 3 for the LOFT-Spider dataset in Table 5. + +Preprint. + +27 + +PRISM: Efficient Long-Range Reasoning With Short-Context LLMs + +Table 5 | **Cache-efficiency results for LOFT-Spider.** + +|**Method**|Cache hit
Enc.
Net Enc.
Dec.
Cost
(%)
(×103)
(×103)
(×103)
Index| +|---|---| +||| +|LOFT-Spider|| +|Long context|0
30
30
0_._4| +||| +|Incremental
**Ours**
In-place
w/out updates
**Ours**
Amendments
w/out updates|0
31
**31**
1_._5
0_._035
41
56
33
0_._7
0_._035
39
54
33
**0**_._**4**
**0**_._**030**
**39**
54
33
0_._6
0_._035
40
54
33
**0**_._**4**
0_._034| + + + +Preprint. + +28 + diff --git a/docs/papers/2501.19201v2.md b/docs/papers/2501.19201v2.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db11ab6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/papers/2501.19201v2.md @@ -0,0 +1,674 @@ +**Efficient Reasoning with Hidden Thinking** + +**Xuan Shen**[1] **Yizhou Wang**[2] **Yufa Zhou**[3] **Xiangxi Shi**[4] **Pu Zhao**[5] **Yanzhi Wang**[5] **Jiuxiang Gu**[2] + +## **Abstract** + +## **1. Introduction** + +Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has become a powerful framework for improving complex problem-solving capabilities in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, the verbose nature of textual reasoning introduces significant inefficiencies. In this work, we propose **Heima** (as hidden llama), an effective CoT compression framework that condenses lengthy CoTs into a small set of abstract thinking tokens, preserving essential reasoning while removing redundancy. We then conduct a theoretical analysis from an information-theoretic perspective, quantifying the information gap induced by compression, showing that reasoning capability is preserved when non-trivial mutual information is retained. To further explore and quantify this information gap, we design the adaptive interpreter that maps thinking tokens back to variable-length textual sequences, thereby reconstructing the reasoning process. Experiments across diverse reasoning benchmarks demonstrate that Heima improves reasoning efficiency, while maintaining or even achieving better zero-shot accuracy. Moreover, the interpreter reconstructs coherent reasoning progresses from compressed thinking tokens, revealing that the information gap is minimal and validating the effectiveness of the proposed framework. This work paves the way for scalable latent reasoning models and advances our understanding of efficient reasoning processes in large models. Code: https: //github.com/shawnricecake/Heima + +> 1College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 2Adobe, San Jose, CA, USA[3] Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA[4] Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA[5] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA. Correspondence to: Pu Zhao _<_ p.zhao@northeastern.edu _>_ , Jiuxiang Gu _<_ gu.jiuxiang@gmail.com _>_ . + +_Proceedings of the 43[rd] International Conference on Machine Learning_ , Seoul, South Korea. PMLR 306, 2026. Copyright 2026 by the author(s). + +The recent rise in popularity of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) (Achiam et al., 2023; Bai et al., 2023; Liu et al., 2024c; Lai et al., 2024; Xu et al., 2024; Shen et al., 2023; 2025b;e; 2026b), which integrate vision techniques with traditional Large Language Models (LLMs), has spurred interest in leveraging Chain-of-Thought (CoT) (Wei et al., 2022) reasoning to enhance their capabilities for solving complex problems. It not only enhances interpretability but also enables more effective multi-step reasoning, equipping MLLMs to address tasks that demand intricate logical understanding and contextual coherence, especially when processing the inherent complexity of visual information. However, reasoning with CoT often requires generating a substantial amount of additional reasoning texts, particularly for complex problems, leading to expensive inference costs. Thus, efficiency has become a central theme in applying MLLMs, making it crucial to reduce the number of tokens generated during reasoning to enhance overall computational performance. + +Recent works (Hao et al., 2024; Deng et al., 2024b) explore the latent reasoning methods. Approach (Hao et al., 2024) explores compressing CoTs for a small-scale model, GPT2 (Radford & Wu, 2019), on individual reasoning tasks in the text-only setting. However, this leaves a significant gap in extending CoT compression to large-scale MLLMs that must handle general reasoning tasks with multimodal inputs. Other works (Pi et al., 2023; Yan et al., 2024; Deng et al., 2024a) investigate latent reasoning in MLLMs by employing visual decoders for segmentation, detection, and recognition, aiming to decode latent information in MLLM generated tokens. This shows the feasibility of latent-space reasoning and motivates deeper investigation into its capabilities. + +In this work, we propose Heima, the first CoT compression framework for MLLMs to achieve efficient reasoning. Instead of relying on verbose CoTs, Heima performs reasoning in the latent space, compressing CoTs into compact thinking tokens. First, we design Heima as the CoT compressor of our framework. Specifically, we train the reasoning MLLM to distill each CoT stage into a single thinking token, , utilizing step-by-step distillation for more effective mapping. Then, we provide theoretical analysis from the information-theoretic perspective to quantify the + +1 + +**Efficient Reasoning with Hidden Thinking** + +**==> picture [476 x 196] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Which brand does According to the question: I will identify the car brand by
this car belong to, “[ input question ]”, examining visual cues such as logos,
and what visual cues explain the thinking process color schemes, and design elements
indicate that? of present in the image.
The image shows a sleek, modern
Interpreter
sports car with a black exterior . It
Heima (MLLM) (LLM) has a distinct logo on the side, which
resembles a cross with a circle .
Summary:
Interpreter The key to identifying the brand lies
(LLM) in the visible badge. The badge on
Caption:
the front grille of the car is crucial
Reasoning: for determining the brand . In this
image, the badge on the car is
Conclusion: Image shows a black Encoded th Interpreter OTe " BMW ”, which is a common symbol
BMW M3 driving down a road. Thinking Tokens (LLM) for the BMW brand.
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +_Figure 1._ Heima (MLLM) peforms reasoning with thinking tokens based on image and question. Compressed thinking tokens and question are then fed to interpreters (LLMs) for CoT reconstruction. In reconstructed reasoning progress, the caption interpreter successfully retrieves image information, describing it as _”The image shows a sleek, modern sports car with a black exterior”_ and identifying a distinct feature of logo as _”a cross with a circle”_ . Also, the reasoning interpreter accurately deduces the logo as BMW based on this distinctive symbol. **This verifies that interpreters effectively reconstruct visual features from pure textual inputs.** + +information gap between textual CoTs and thinking tokens, showing that reasoning effectiveness is preserved when nontrivial mutual information is retained. To further assess and quantify this gap, we develop corresponding interpreters fine-tuned from LLMs that adaptively decode thinking tokens into textual sequences of varying length. By leveraging explanatory prompts, the interpreters effectively reconstruct reasoning progress from compressed representations. + +The whole framework is shown in Figure 1. We accelerate the reasoning using Heima, which performs reasoning in latent space by generating a significantly reduced number of thinking tokens instead of verbose textual CoTs, thereby producing answers more efficiently. The last hidden states of these thinking tokens are further delivered to interpreters for the reconstruction of the textual reasoning sentences. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach significantly enhances reasoning efficiency by generating far fewer tokens while achieving comparable or even superior performance on a list of zero-shot reasoning benchmarks. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the reasoning progress reconstructed by interpreters, even without visual information, closely align with the original CoTs texts generated based on multimodal inputs. These findings establish that the information gap induced by compression is negligible and affirm the effectiveness as well as the interpretability of the thinking tokens produced by Heima. Our contributions are summarized below: + +- **1.** We propose Heima, the first reasoning acceleration framework for MLLMs that conducts reasoning in latent space by generating compact thinking tokens rather than verbose textual CoTs. + +- **2.** We develop an information-theoretic analysis of + +- CoT compression within Heima that quantifies the compression-induced information gap and proves that reasoning capability is preserved under retention of non-trivial mutual information. + +- **3.** We design interpreters with pure LLMs to reconstruct textual reasoning with thinking tokens, which serves to analyze the information gap induced by compression relative to the original CoTs. + +- **4.** Experiments show that Heima attains substantial improvements in reasoning efficiency without sacrificing performance relative to textual CoTs. In addition, reconstructions with interpreters indicate that the information gap induced by compression is negligible, providing empirical validation of the theoretical guarantees underlying the Heima framework. + +## **2. Related Work** + +## **2.1. Chain-of-Thought Reasoning** + +With the theoretically validated effectiveness in recent works (Merrill & Sabharwal, 2023; Feng et al., 2024; Zhou et al., 2026; Wang et al., 2025), CoTs have gained increasing popularity and are widely adopted as an enhancement method for generating intermediate reasoning processes before arriving at the final answer. The works (Wei et al., 2022; Khot et al., 2022; Zhou et al., 2022) focus on designing the effective prompts which decompose the question into a group of reasoning steps for LLMs. The works (Yue et al., 2023; Yu et al., 2023; Wang et al., 2023; Shao et al., 2024; Liu et al., 2024a) adopt additional fine-tuning to guide the model to generate reasoning chains. Meanwhile, to further enhance reasoning performance and make model + +2 + +**Efficient Reasoning with Hidden Thinking** + +reasoning more human-like, recent works (Xie et al., 2024; Gandhi et al., 2024; Su et al., 2024) have integrated additional search algorithms to improve the relevance of CoT generation and the input content. However, almost all of these works enhance reasoning performance by generating additional textual tokens, which incurs significant computational costs for large generative models with billions of parameters. This motivates us to explore token reduction methods during reasoning process. + +## **2.2. Textual Efficient Reasoning** + +Recent works (Ning et al., 2023; Kou et al., 2024; Zhang et al., 2023; Zhan et al., 2024a; Kong et al., 2025; Li et al., 2024; Shen et al., 2024a;b;c; 2025d; Zhao et al., 2025; Lin et al., 2025; Shen et al., 2025c; 2026a; 2025a) aim to accelerate the reasoning process by employing parallel generation through templates or Jacobi decoding, which introduces additional overhead during model inference. Meanwhile, the works (Ge et al., 2024; Chevalier et al., 2023; Qin et al., 2023; Liu et al., 2023; Munkhdalai et al., 2024; Zhan et al., 2024b; Liu et al., 2025b;a;c; Nguyen et al., 2025; Zhao et al., 2024) adopt contextual compression methods to achieve the efficient generation of the next following contexts based on the previous contexts. On the other hand, the work (Cheng & Van Durme, 2024) compresses the CoT into a short sequence of continuous embeddings for the acceleration of reasoning process. However, its results on the math dataset reveal a significant degradation in accuracy, indicating the limitations and ineffectiveness of this approach. Thus, there is still a gap in developing efficient reasoning techniques for large models that maintain the advantages of reasoning with CoTs, which motivates us to explore better compression methods with CoTs for higher accuracy and efficiency. + +## **2.3. Reasoning in Latent Space** + +Works (Hao et al., 2024; Yang et al., 2024; Biran et al., 2024; Cheng & Van Durme, 2024) adopt latent reasoning for LLMs. For example, the work (Hao et al., 2024) addresses the compression of small models (GPT-2) on math datasets with CoTs. However, its effectiveness remains unverified as the evaluation is limited to math datasets and small model size. Some works (Liu et al., 2024c; Lai et al., 2024) include visual information into latent space for MLLMs to enhance the textual reasoning. The work (Lai et al., 2024) employs fine-tuning for both LLMs and segmentation decoders, demonstrating the potential to decode visual information in tokens generated by LLMs. Subsequent works (Pi et al., 2023; Deng et al., 2024a; Yan et al., 2024) continue to investigate using MLLMs to generate tokens for visual downstream tasks, rather than exploring the construction of internal feature representations within MLLMs for higherlevel feature embedding. The absence of feature construction in MLLMs motivates us to explore the development of + +latent representations for these models. + +## **3. Methodology** + +We mainly present Heima framework in this section. First, we outline the training setup of Heima, covering dataset construction and the distillation strategy. Then, we provide theoretical analysis of the information gap between textual CoTs and compressed thinking tokens from an informationtheoretic perspective. Next, we introduce the interpreter, which maps thinking tokens back to CoT-like trajectories, to further explore the information gap introduced by compression. Finally, we demonstrate how this approach enables efficient compressed reasoning at inference time. + +## **3.1. Heima Framework** + +We introduce Heima to compress verbose textual CoTs into compact thinking tokens through further distillation, enabling faster on-the-fly CoT reasoning. + +**Dataset Preparation.** Given _N_ total samples, original CoT training dataset _D_ is defined as follows, + +**==> picture [192 x 13] intentionally omitted <==** + +where _X_ denotes the visual and query inputs, CoTs := _{_ CoT( _k_ ) _}[K] k_ =1 _[i]_[denotes][the][sequence][of] _[K][i]_[textual][CoT] stages in _i_ -th sample, and _Y_ denotes the final answers. + +**Thinking Token Dataset.** We define the reasoning MLLM as _H_ , which is fine-tuned on the updated dataset to incorporate CoTs. Specifically, we update the training set _D_ by replacing each CoTs with thinking tokens— denoted as := _{_ ( _k_ ) _}[K] k_ =1 _[i]_[.][For each think-] ing token ( _k_ ) at the _k_ -th stage, it is defined with _a unique special token and added to the vocabulary_ to enable explicit textual visualization of the reasoning process. For example, in Figure 1, we define a new token in vocabulary as the thinking token for the summary stage. Note that different samples with varying values of _i_ share the same thinking token ( _k_ ) at the same stage _k_ . The updated Heima dataset _DH_ is then defined as follows, + +**==> picture [204 x 13] intentionally omitted <==** + +**Distillation Objective.** To perform the reasoning with thinking tokens in latent space, we further perform finetuning using CoT distillation. The distillation objective is defined as follows, + +**==> picture [231 x 17] intentionally omitted <==** + +Through this distillation, we fine-tune model to directly predict thinking tokens instead of verbose CoTs. + +3 + +**Efficient Reasoning with Hidden Thinking** + +**==> picture [426 x 91] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Query 𝑋 [(𝑖)] BB ⋯ Encode BB ⋯ B Encode BB ⋯ B Encode 8B ⋯
| i ⋯ ine < 𝐶𝑜𝑇>1 —> < 𝐶𝑜𝑇>1 > < 𝐶𝑜𝑇>1
𝐶𝑜𝑇(𝑖) ⋯ ⋯ < 𝐶𝑜𝑇>2 < 𝐶𝑜𝑇>2
(𝑘) Be e888 a- >
Ee ⋯ e888 ⋯ = 88 ⋯ _ < 𝐶𝑜𝑇>𝐾𝑖
Answer 𝑌 [(𝑖)] Ju ⋯ Jo ⋯ J go ⋯ JS og ⋯
Stage 0 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 𝐾𝑖
⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +_Figure 2._ Visualization of progressive distillation. Each row shows the training data in that stage. + +**Progressive Distillation.** To facilitate a seamless transition from textual reasoning to hidden thinking while maintaining model performance, we further adopt the progressive distillation strategy as shown in Figure 2. Specifically, we do not distill all CoT stages into thinking tokens at once. Instead, we _progressively_ distill each stage into a thinking token, one by one. Formally, our progressive distillation has _M_ := max _{Ki}[N] i_ =1[+ 1][ stages.][After we finish the] _[ s]_[-th] stage distillation, we move on to its next ( _s_ + 1)-th stage distillation, until reaching the final stage. In the _s_ -th stage ( _s ∈_ N _,_ 0 _≤ s < M_ ), we prepare the pregressive training data _|DP | ≤ NM_ using + +**==> picture [229 x 24] intentionally omitted <==** + +For _s_ = 0, the set _{_ ( _k_ ) _}[s] k_ =1[is empty with no think-] ing tokens in training. For _s >_ 0, we finetune Heima _Hθ_ ( _·_ ) as follows, + +**==> picture [239 x 31] intentionally omitted <==** + +In the above expression, during the _s_ -th stage distillation, the first _s_ CoT stages are distilled with thinking tokens, while the rest CoT stages are untouched and trained with textual reasoning tokens. As the value of _s_ increases, more CoT stages are distilled into thinking tokens as shown in Figure 2. + +This approach allows the model to gradually internalize the reasoning processes with multiple CoTs and integrate them into thinking tokens. After the final progressive stage, we introduce an additional _recovering stage_ , where the model is further optimized using only thinking tokens as in Equation (3). This extra recovering stage optimizes the transitions and interactions between the thinking tokens across different stages, ensuring a cohesive alignment of information learned throughout the distillation process. Additionally, it consolidates the overall learning process, enhancing the model’s ability to effectively utilize the distilled reasoning patterns for improved performance and robustness in downstream reasoning tasks. + +**Efficient Reasoning.** To accelerate reasoning with Heima framework, we deploy Heima solely as the service reasoning + +MLLM, benefiting from lower memory usage and faster generation. Heima generates the response corresponding to the given input as follows, + +**==> picture [223 x 30] intentionally omitted <==** + +where the ( _w_ 1 _, w_ 2 _, . . . , wKi_ ) = denotes the generated thinking tokens, and the _Y_ = ( _wKi_ +1 _, wKi_ +2 _, . . . , wKi_ + _T_ ) denotes the tokens corresponding to the final answer. We obtain the final answer by Heima using only _Ki_ intermediate tokens, significantly reduced from the original _Kk_ =1 _i[|]_[CoT][(] _[k]_[)] _[|]_ tokens, enabling faster generation and avoiding complex & ~ verbose textual CoTs. + +## **3.2. Information-Theoretic Compression** + +Distillation (Equation (3)) represents a form of compression (Deletang et al.´ , 2024; Huang et al., 2024), since such loss induces a code when paired with an ideal entropy coder (MacKay, 2003). Extending this view, we provide an analysis of information variance across the pre- and postdistillation stages. + +**Notations.** For a random variable _X ∼ PX_ , entropy is _H_ ( _X_ ) = _−_ E _x∼PX_ [log _PX_ ( _x_ )]. For joint variables ( _X, Y_ ) with distribution _PX,Y_ , conditional entropy is _H_ ( _Y | X_ ) = E _x∼PX_ [ _H_ ( _PY |X_ = _x_ )]. Mutual information is _I_ ( _X_ ; _Y_ ) = _H_ ( _X_ ) _−H_ ( _X | Y_ ) = KL( _PX,Y ∥ PX PY_ ), and conditional mutual information is _I_ ( _X_ ; _Y | Z_ ) = _H_ ( _X | Z_ ) _− H_ ( _X | Y, Z_ ). + +Given input _X_ for inference, Heima compresses textual CoTs into compact representations = _f_ ( _X,_ CoTs) as thinking tokens with _|_ _| ≪|_ CoTs _|_ . The central question is whether retains sufficient task-relevant information about the output _Y_ . By the dataprocessing inequality (MacKay, 2003) as follows, + +**==> picture [185 x 11] intentionally omitted <==** + +which shows that carry no more information than CoTs, while still preserving non-trivial information for reasoning. This motivates Heima as a compressor of CoTs, a property we formalize in Theorem 3.1. + +4 + +**Efficient Reasoning with Hidden Thinking** + +**Theorem 3.1** (Information preserved under CoT compression) **.** _Let X be the input,_ CoTs _chain-of-thoughts, _ = _f_ ( _X,_ CoTs) _thinking tokens, and Y the task output. Since _ = _f_ ( _X,_ CoTs) _, we have the Markov chain Y −_ ( _X,_ CoTs) _− . Then_ + +_H_ ( _Y | X,_ CoTs) _≤ H_ ( _Y | X, _ ) _≤ H_ ( _Y | X_ ) _, equivalently,_ + +**==> picture [201 x 41] intentionally omitted <==** + +_Thus, compression into cannot increase the information about Y relative to_ CoTs _. It preserves strictly positive task-relevant information if I_ ( _Y_ ; _ | X_ ) _>_ 0 _, and loses no information compared to_ CoTs _if and only if I_ ( _Y_ ; CoTs _| X, _ ) = 0 _(i.e., is sufficient for_ CoTs _with respect to Y )._ + +_Proof._ Because = _f_ ( _X,_ CoTs), _Y −_ ( _X,_ CoTs) _−_ holds, and by the data processing inequality (MacKay, 2003) _I_ ( _Y_ ; _| X_ ) _≤ I_ ( _Y_ ; CoTs _| X_ ). Using the identity _I_ ( _Y_ ; _W | X_ ) = _H_ ( _Y | X_ ) _− H_ ( _Y | X, W_ ) for _W ∈{_ _,_ CoTs _}_ gives _H_ ( _Y | X,_ CoTs) _≤ H_ ( _Y | X,_ ) _≤ H_ ( _Y | X_ ). Finally, the chain rule with _I_ ( _Y_ ; _| X,_ CoTs) = 0 yields _I_ ( _Y_ ; CoTs _| X_ ) = _I_ ( _Y_ ; _| X_ ) + _I_ ( _Y_ ; CoTs _| X,_ ), proving the nonnegative gap and sufficiency condition. + +_Remark_ 3.2 _._ This result formalizes the role of CoT compression: the compressed can never be more informative about the target _Y_ than the full chain CoTs, but as long as _I_ ( _Y_ ; _| X_ ) _>_ 0, it still retains strictly useful information beyond _X_ alone. The gap _I_ ( _Y_ ; CoTs _| X,_ ) quantifies the reasoning details lost in compression, while the inequality ensures that compressed reasoning remains effective as long as captures nontrivial task-relevant information. + +Theorem 3.1 and Remark 3.2 indicate that the gap _I_ ( _Y_ ; CoTs _| X,_ ) determines the amount of information loss during the compression from verbose textual CoTs to compact thinking tokens. This observation highlights that the effectiveness of reasoning in latent space fundamentally depends on how much of the task-relevant information is preserved after compression. + +## **3.3. Interpreter Design** + +As explained in the above section, it is essential to analyze and quantify this information gap in order to assess whether the compressed representations remain sufficient for reasoning. To this end, we further design the corresponding + +interpreters that reconstruct thinking tokens back into textual reasoning traces, thereby providing an empirical proxy to evaluate the magnitude of this gap and verify the practical validity of reasoning in latent space. Meanwhile, this can verify if the model is genuinely learning reasoning in latent space rather than merely fitting the data, showing the effectiveness of compressed representations encapsulated within thinking tokens. Specifically, for the design of interpreter, we adopt the standard next-token prediction objective in pure LLMs for the reconstruction of variable-length (i.e., adaptive) textual sequences based on thinking tokens. + +**Adaptive Interpretation.** After full distillation in Heima, all CoT stages are distilled into thinking tokens. Thinking token for each reasoning stage requires one corresponding interpreter. Thus, to interpret all of the thinking tokens, we train the corresponding interpreters separately. In detail, we adopt a pretrained LLM as the initialization of interpreter _Iθk_ ( _·_ ) for the _k_ -th CoT stage corresponding to the _k_ -th thinking token ( _k_ ), where _θk_ denotes its parameters. We do not consider the case of _k_ = 0 without thinking tokens. Its training set _DI_ of the _k_ -th stage is designed as follows, for _|DI |_ = _N,_ let + +**==> picture [230 x 13] intentionally omitted <==** + +where _Xe_ denotes the explanatory prompts to guide the model for the interpretation of thinking tokens. _Xq_ denotes the pure textual question. _H_ ( _k_ ) denotes the hidden representation (last hidden states) of the thinking token ( _k_ ) generated by Heima. CoT( _k_ ) denotes the original textual CoT at _k_ -th stage. Note that, here we only use pure-text LLMs as the interpreters, meaning they cannot read images. The dataset _DI_ for training interpreters only has text questions without visual images inputs. + +During the training of interpreter, the frozen Heima is used to generate the thinking tokens. Importantly, we do not feed the token symbol ( _k_ ) directly as input. Instead, we replace it with the corresponding last hidden state _H_ ( _k_ ) from Heima, since the reasoning information is encapsulated in the hidden representation (i.e., last hidden state) rather than the textual symbol. This substitution occurs after the word embedding stage, as illustrated in Figure 3. Interpreter is fine-tuned with the next-token prediction loss as follows, + +**==> picture [214 x 20] intentionally omitted <==** + +**Explanatory Prompts.** The single hidden representation _H_ ( _k_ ) alone is insufficient to guide the interpreter _Iθk_ ( _·_ ) toward reconstructing the original reasoning texts, as language models generally rely on textual instructions to scaffold the generation process. Thus, we provide the explanatory prompt for interpreter to enhance usability. We use the prompt as follows, + +5 + +## **Efficient Reasoning with Hidden Thinking** + +**==> picture [437 x 103] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Visual & Query 𝑋 [(𝑖)] {< 𝐶𝑜𝑇>𝑘}𝐾𝑘=1𝑖 Answer 𝑌 [(𝑖)] Next-Token Prediction Loss
⋯ ⋯ ⋯
BO ae oa '
⋯ ¥ L Blocks of Heima Encoder 𝐇q [0] ⋯ . 𝐇0 ⋯ ¥ 𝐇a [0] ⋯ 4 𝐇෩ q [0] ⋯ 4 Heima Decoder 𝐇෩ e [0] .° Replace ⋯ ny ෩𝐇CoT0
⋯ ⋯ ⋯
Shift for next token s ⋯ 𝐇q [L] 𝒔 - th last hidden state:⋯ } 𝐇L ⋯ ’ 𝐇L 𝐇a [L] (s) Query BB 𝑋𝑞(𝑖) Explanatory aa 𝑋 ja e < CoT >(s) oo 𝐶𝑜𝑇𝑠(𝑖)
MLLM
Embedding
LLM
Embedding
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +_Figure 3._ Training progress for the interpreter. Thinking token is caught from the _s_ -th last hidden state of Heima and replaces the embedding of special token ( _s_ ). + +_“According to question: Xq, can you explain the thinking progress _ ( _k_ ) _?”_ + +This kind of prompt ensures that the output reasoning process remains (i) aligned with the original query _Xq_ and (ii) consistent with the hidden representations contained in thinking tokens. + +The interpreter is employed to investigate the information gap highlighted in Theorem 3.1 and Remark 3.2 by comparing the reconstructed reasoning sentences with the original textual CoTs. When the reconstructed reasoning closely aligns in semantics with the original CoTs, the compressioninduced information gap is regarded as minimal, thereby confirming that reasoning with thinking tokens preserves the essential reasoning capability. + +## **4. Experimental Results** + +## **4.1. Experiment Setup** + +**Dataset.** We utilize the LLaVA-CoT-100k (Xu et al., 2024) dataset, a reasoning dataset for MLLMs that integrates samples from several widely used VQA datasets. It comprises 100k image-QA pairs with three stages of CoT reasoning: summary, caption, and reasoning. + +**Model Training.** We adopt the LLaVA-CoT (Xu et al., 2024) pretrained model based on Llama-3.2-11B-VisionInstruct (Meta, 2024b) as the initialization of Heima. The Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct (Meta, 2024a) is employed as the initialization of interpreter. We use torchtune (Meta, 2024c) as the model training framework with LoRA (Hu et al., 2021) for both Heima and the corresponding interpreter. During the progressive distillation, we freeze the image encoder component and fine-tune both the decoder module and fusion components of the LLaVA-CoT model. This distillation includes the entire attention and MLP modules across all layers, as well as the output projection layer, using a rank of 16, and an alpha of 32. For the training of interpreter, we apply the same LoRA setting. Detailed hyperparameters are included in Appendix A. The training is conducted on 8 _×_ H100 GPUs. Besides, to further verify our generalization for different model architectures, the LLaVA-Next-Vicuna- + +7B (Liu et al., 2024b) (as Heima) and Vicuna-7B (Zheng et al., 2023) (as interpreter) are adopted. We train LLaVANext-Vicuna-7B on LLaVA-CoT-100k through LoRA to capture reasoning capability, and then perform our method with thinking tokens with this model family. + +**Evaluation.** We adopt multiple challenging zero-shot benchmarks to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method, including MMStar (Chen et al., 2024), MMBench V1.1 (Liu et al., 2025d), MMVet (Yu et al., 2024), MathVista (Lu et al., 2024), AI2D (Hiippala et al., 2021), and HallusionBench (Guan et al., 2024). MMStar, MMBench, and MMVet evaluate general visual question-answering capabilities, while MathVista and AI2D assess mathematical and scientific reasoning. HallusionBench, in contrast, targets language hallucinations and visual illusions. We use the VLMEvalKit (Duan et al., 2024) as the evaluation pipeline to ensure a fair comparison. We reproduce the evaluation results of LLaVA-CoT to get the number of generated tokens. GPT-4o (Achiam et al., 2023) is adopted for evaluation on the MMVet and MathVista datasets, while exact match evaluation is applied to other datasets using VLMEvalKit. For Heima, we split the LLaVA-CoT-100k dataset for train and test separately. We evaluate fine-tuned interpreters on test set which contain 4300 samples with metrics including BLEU-4 (Papineni et al., 2002), METEOR (Banerjee & Lavie, 2005), ROUGE (Lin, 2004), BERTScore (Zhang et al., 2019), and similarity analysis from GPT-4o. + +## **4.2. Main Results** + +We first provide main results for Heima in Table 1. We compare our method with original Llama3.2-11B-VisionInstruct and the LLaVA-CoT on 6 datasets for zero-shot evaluation. Heima outperforms Llama3.2-11B-Vision-Instruct model with large improvements in average accuracy, while using fewer tokens, particularly on benchmarks such as MMBench, AI2D, and Hallusion with much higher accuracy and fewer tokens. Compared with baseline LLaVA-CoT, Heima retains most of the model’s performance while using as little as 6% of the tokens on certain datasets. Notably, on MMBench, Heima achieves better accuracy than the baseline LLaVA-CoT. Furthermore, to demonstrate the effectiveness + +6 + +**Efficient Reasoning with Hidden Thinking** + +_Table 1._ Main results compared to Llama3.2-11B-Vision-Instruct and LLaVA-CoT with both accuracy and number of generated tokens on 6 different multimodal reasoning benchmarks. + +|Dataset|MMSar
MMBench
MMVet
MathVista
AI2D
Hallusion|Avg.| +|---|---|---| +|||| +|Model|Acc.
Acc.
Acc.
Acc.
Acc.
Acc.
(# Token)
(# Token)
(# Token)
(# Token)
(# Token)
(# Token)|Acc.| +|||| +|Llama3.2
-11B Vision|48.1 (140.0)
58.2 (64.7)
50.2 (106.0)
50.3 (240.1)
68.5 (74.9)
37.2 (91.4)|52.1| +|||| +|LLaVA-CoT|54.0 (181.0)
70.7 (154.8)
49.8 (227.2)
50.9 (216.3)
77.6 (178.5)
63.8 (177.9)|61.1| +|||| +|Heima w/o
progressive|49.7 (13.1)
72.5 (13.3)
39.0 (71.7)
39.3 (13.6)
75.9 (12.6)
61.3 (15.6)|56.3| +|||| +|Heima w/o
recover|49.8 (13.0)
71.6 (13.2)
42.8 (79.6)
39.8 (14.0)
77.3 (12.7)
58.5 (17.5)|56.6| +|||| +|**Heima**|49.9 (12.8)
72.8 (12.9)
43.3 (75.8)
43.6 (13.8)
77.5 (12.7)
60.6 (16.9)|**58.0**| + + + +_Table 2._ Results with LLaVA model family. LoRA is used to train the model for CoT improvements. + +|Datasets|MMSar
MMBench
MMVet
MathVista
AI2D
Hallusion|Avg.| +|---|---|---| +|||| +|Model|Acc.
Acc.
Acc.
Acc.
Acc.
Acc.
(# Token)
(# Token)
(# Token)
(# Token)
(# Token)
(# Token)|Acc.| +|||| +|LLaVA-Next
-Vicuna-7B|37.7 (2.5)
65.6 (2.0)
33.4 (143.9)
30.2 (93.7)
67.0 (2.0)
32.3 (69.3)|44.4| +|||| +|LLaVA-Next
-Vicuna-7B (CoT)
46.5 (175.9)
71.5 (155.3)
47.5 (230.5)
41.8 (190.6)
77.3 (165.7)
45.1 (149.8)
55.0||| +|||| +|**Heima**|44.6 (12.8)
73.5 (12.5)
43.4 (68.9)
40.6 (12.7)
77.1 (12.6)
43.3 (15.7)|53.8| + + + +of progressive distillation, we show the accuracy results using one-shot distillation to distill all CoT stages in one shot. Results achieved with non-progressive distillation indicate worse performance, confirming the effectiveness of the progressive distillation in our framework. Additionally, the accuracy results without the recovering stage highlight its necessity, as they demonstrate a noticeable decline in performance compared to that with the recovering stage after completing the distillation of all CoT stages. We further present detailed accuracy results for various reasoning tasks of MMStar in Table A4 of Appendix B. Heima outperforms Llama3.2-11B on both instance reasoning (IR) and logical reasoning (LR) tasks while using less than 10% of tokens, and it preserves the majority of its reasoning capabilities for mathematical problems through progressive distillation. + +Meanwhile, we provide additional results with LLaVANext-Vicuna-7B in Table 2 to verify the generalization of our framework. Our method achieves better performance than non-CoT model (i.e., the original LLaVA-Next-Vicuna7B). Compared with the LoRA fine-tuned CoT model, our method achieves comparable accuracy with significantly fewer generated tokens (as little as 6%). The consistent performance on different models architectures demonstrates the effectiveness, efficiency, and generalization of our method. + +## **4.3. Interpretability Analysis** + +To quantify the information gap by the compression as illustrated in Section 3.2, we evaluate the similarity between interpreter-reconstructed reasoning sentences and the ground-truth textual CoTs. We provide results of 4 evaluation metrics in the left side of Figure 4 with details in Table A5 of Appendix B. We observe that the reconstruction is most successful for summary stage, followed by caption stage, and then reasoning stage. In addition, we use GPT-4o to evaluate the similarity between reconstructed reasoning and original CoTs using a 5-point ranking scale (higher is better), and the results are shown in the right side of Figure 4. Prompts for GPT-4o are included in Appendix C. We average the rank of all samples in one stage to estimate the similarity score, and results verifies that all stages are effectively reconstructed. + +Meanwhile, we provide evaluation results for interpreter with the LLaVA model family in Table A6 of Appendix B. Results are consistent with those in Figure 4 from Llama3 model family, further demonstrating the effectiveness and generalization of our method. + +The results discussed above demonstrate that the information gap introduced by Heima between verbose textual CoTs + +7 + +**Efficient Reasoning with Hidden Thinking** + +**==> picture [482 x 218] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+BLEU-4 METEOR ROUGE-L BERTScore
80
60
40
20
0 aul ol | @d2 Summary Caption Reasoning
Summary Caption Reasoning 4.1 / 5 2.7 / 5 3.2 / 5
Figure 4. Left : results of BLEU-4, METEOR, GROUGE-L, and BERTScore for 3 interpreters. Right : results of evaluation by GPT-4o
for evaluating the average similarity score (1-5) between the reconstructed reasoning processes from thinking tokens and the original
textual CoTs.
Average Accuracy Average Accuracy # of Token on MMStar
58.0 56.5 300
57.5 250
56.0
57.0 200
181
56.5 55.5 150
56.0 100
55.0
55.5 50
55.0 beet) ult 54.5 0 Santi
# Token 1 2 4 8 16 32 Ratio 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Ratio 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +_Figure 4._ **Left** : results of BLEU-4, METEOR, GROUGE-L, and BERTScore for 3 interpreters. **Right** : results of evaluation by GPT-4o for evaluating the average similarity score (1-5) between the reconstructed reasoning processes from thinking tokens and the original textual CoTs. + +_Figure 5._ **Left** : ablation study of zero-shot performance on 6 datasets for different number of thinking tokens for each CoT. **Mid** : ablation study of average accuracy on 6 datasets for varying retention ratios of thinking tokens relative to original CoT. **Right** : ablation study for the number of generated tokens on MMStar with varying retention ratios of thinking tokens relative to the original CoT. Baseline (i.e., LLaVA-CoT) generates 181 tokens in average. + +and compact thinking tokens is minimal, thereby validating the theoretical analysis in Section 3.2. More importantly, the reasoning capability of the compressed representation is well preserved, indicating that the retained non-trivial mutual information is sufficient for sustaining effective reasoning in latent space. In particular, the example in Figure 1 highlights that the interpreter successfully reconstructs textual reasoning progress that capture the key insights of visual information even when no visual input is provided. This finding confirms that thinking tokens preserve multimodal signals for reasoning, underscoring both the effectiveness of the compression with Heima and the robustness of reasoning in latent space. + +## **4.4. Ablation Study** + +We provide results with different numbers of thinking tokens adopted for the distillation of one CoT stage in left side of Figure 5 with detailed results in Table A7 of Appendix B. Results show that the single thinking token for encoding CoT stage achieves the best performance. + +We further ablate for adaptive distillation by using different retention ratio of the original CoT token length, and the corresponding results are in middle of Figure 5 with detailed results in Table A8 of Appendix B. Across retention ratios ranging from 10% to 90%, the accuracy exhibits irregular fluctuations without a discernible trend, reflecting the inherently unpredictable relationship between retention ratio and accuracy. Also, as shown in right side of Figure 5, the average number of generated token keeps increasing as + +retention ratio becomes larger. When retention ratio reaches 70%, the average number of generated tokens exceeds that of baseline model, indicating the adaptive distillation is not effective for the compression of the reasoning progress. + +In addition, we conduct the ablation study on the number of interpreters to examine whether it is necessary to adopt distinct interpreters for each CoT stage. The results are reported in Table A9 in Appendix B.5. The ablation results reveal that distinct interpreters are crucial for summary and caption reconstruction. We emphasize that interpreters are not integrated into the efficient reasoning procedure of Heima, but are instead utilized exclusively to interpret the reasoning in latent space. + +## **5. Conclusion** + +We introduced Heima, a framework for accelerating reasoning in MLLMs through CoT compression. Heima distills each CoT into a compact thinking token and is supported by an information-theoretic analysis that quantifies the compression-induced information gap. To empirically examine this gap, we further design the interpreters guided by explanatory prompts to reconstruct reasoning progresses from thinking tokens. Extensive experiments demonstrate that Heima achieves comparable or even superior zero-shot accuracy with significantly fewer tokens, highlighting both its efficiency and robustness. Moreover, the successful reconstruction of reasoning processes confirms that the information gap is minimal and reasoning capability is preserved. Looking ahead, we will extend Heima to larger models. + +8 + +**Efficient Reasoning with Hidden Thinking** + +## **Impact Statement** + +This paper presents work whose goal is to advance the field of Machine Learning. There are many potential societal consequences of our work, none which we feel must be specifically highlighted here. + +## **References** + +- Achiam, J., Adler, S., Agarwal, S., Ahmad, L., Akkaya, I., Aleman, F. L., Almeida, D., Altenschmidt, J., Altman, S., Anadkat, S., et al. 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Least-to-most prompting enables complex reasoning in large language models. _arXiv preprint arXiv:2205.10625_ , 2022. + +12 + +**Efficient Reasoning with Hidden Thinking** + +Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Yin, X., Zhou, S., and Zhang, A. R. The geometry of reasoning: Flowing logics in representation space. In _The Fourteenth International Conference on Learning Representations_ , 2026. URL https: //openreview.net/forum?id=ixr5Pcabq7. + +13 + +**Efficient Reasoning with Hidden Thinking** + +## **Appendix** + +## **A. Training Hyperparameters** + +We provide the hyperparameters for the progressive distillation, additional recovering, and adaptive interpretation training in Table A1, Table A2, and Table A3. + +_Table A1._ Training hyperparameters for progressive distillation. + +|Parameter|Value| +|---|---| +||| +|Epoch
Batch Size
Gradient Accumulation
Optimizer
Weight Decay
Learning Rate
Learning Rate scheduler
Warmup
Clip Gradient Norm
Activation Checkpointing
FSDP
Bfoat16|1
6
1
AdamW
0.01
1e-4
cosine
100
1
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE| + + + +_Table A2._ Training hyperparameters for additional recovering after progressive distillation. + +|Parameter|Value| +|---|---| +||| +|Epoch
Batch Size
Gradient Accumulation
Optimizer
Weight Decay
Learning Rate
Learning Rate scheduler
Warmup
Clip Gradient Norm
Activation Checkpointing
FSDP
Bfoat16|1
8
1
AdamW
0.01
1e-5
cosine
100
1
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE| + + + +## **B. Additional Results** + +## **B.1. Detailed Results on MMStar** + +We present the detailed accuracy results on MMStar in Table A4, we identify that Heima outperforms Llama3.2-11B on both instance reasoning (IR) and logical reasoning (LR) tasks while using less than 10% of the tokens, and it preserves the majority of its reasoning capabilities for mathematical problems through progressive distillation. + +## **B.2. Detailed Evaluation of Interpreters** + +We provide the detailed evaluation results for the metrics in Table A5. + +## **B.3. Results with LLaVA Model Family** + +We provide the results of 3 interpreters trained based on Vicuna-7B in Table A6. + +14 + +## **Efficient Reasoning with Hidden Thinking** + +_Table A3._ Training hyperparameters for adaptive interpretation training. + +|Parameter|Value| +|---|---| +|Epoch|1| +|Batch Size|8| +|Gradient Accumulation|1| +|Optimizer|AdamW| +|Weight Decay|0.01| +|Learning Rate|5e-4| +|Learning Rate scheduler|cosine| +|Warmup|100| +|Clip Gradient Norm|1| +|Activation Checkpointing|TRUE| +|FSDP|TRUE| +|Bfoat16|TRUE| + + + +_Table A4._ MMStar detailed results. CP denotes coarse perception, FP denotes fine-grained perception, IR denotes instance reasoning, LR denotes logical reasoning, S&T denotes Science&Technology. Overall accuracy is a weighted metric based on sample counts. + +|Model|CP
FP
**IR**
**LR**
**Math**
S & T|Overall| +|---|---|---| +|||| +|Llama3.2
-11B Vision|64.0
39.2
53.6
51.6
51.6
28.4|48.1| +|||| +|LLaVA-CoT
(reproduce)
66.0
40.0
64.4
52.4
60.8
40.4
54.0||| +|||| +|Heima w/o
progressive|66.0
43.2
62.4
45.6
44.8
36.0|49.7| +|||| +|Heima w/o
recover|64.8
44.0
57.2
51.6
44.0
37.2|49.8| +|||| +|**Heima**|62.0
43.2
58.8
52.8
48.0
34.8|**49.9**| + + + +## **B.4. Detailed Ablation Study** + +We provide the detailed evaluation results of the ablation study for the different number of thinking tokens and different retention ratios in Table A7 and Table A8, separately. + +## **B.5. Ablation Study for Number of Decoders** + +We provide additional ablation study for using one LLM as the interpreter of 3 stages with BERTScore metric in Table A9. The evaluation results indicate that the single interpreter performs well on the reasoning stage but poorly on both the summary and caption stages, highlighting the necessity of employing separate interpreter for summary and caption stages. + +15 + +**Efficient Reasoning with Hidden Thinking** + +_Table A5._ Detailed evaluation metrics for 3 interpreters trained based on LLama-3.1-8B-Instruct. + +|Stage|Summary
Caption
Reasoning| +|---|---| +||| +|BLEU
METEOR
ROUGE-L
BERTScore|15.9
12.8
11.2
40.1
35.5
32.7
41.6
37.9
32.7
73.4
71.4
66.6| + + + +_Table A6._ Evaluation results for 3 interpreters trained based on Vicuna-7B. + +|Stage|Summary
Caption
Reasoning| +|---|---| +||| +|BLEU
METEOR
ROUGE-L
BERTScore|14.5
13.2
10.6
39.5
31.5
31.5
42.1
34.1
30.6
69.6
65.7
64.9| + + + +_Table A7._ Detailed results for the ablation study of different number of thinking tokens. + +|# Token|MMSar
MMBench
MMVet
MathVista
AI2D
Hallusion|Avg. Acc.| +|---|---|---| +|||| +|1
2
4
8
16
32|49.9
72.8
43.3
43.6
77.5
60.6
50.3
71.4
41.4
43.1
75.6
57.3
49.9
71.0
42.2
39.3
75.4
59.3
51.1
70.4
41.0
40.9
76.7
59.9
49.5
72.0
40.9
40.9
76.2
61.6
50.2
71.1
42.9
41.6
75.2
61.8|58.0
56.5
56.2
56.7
56.9
57.1| + + + +_Table A8._ Detailed results for the ablation study of different retention ratios. + +|Ratio
MMSar
MMBench
MMVet
MathVista
AI2D
Hallusion
Avg. Acc.
0.1
49.1
69.7
37.2
41.3
75.9
59.1
55.4
0.2
49.7
71.5
39.4
41.2
75.3
60.0
56.2
0.3
48.1
71.9
40.6
39.9
75.3
59.4
55.8
0.4
47.9
70.3
38.6
39.2
76.3
59.7
55.3
0.5
47.2
70.1
40.5
39.5
75.2
57.6
55.0
0.6
48.4
70.9
42.0
38.8
76.6
60.5
56.2
0.7
48.7
69.8
41.1
39.0
75.4
59.7
55.6
0.8
49.9
69.3
40.9
37.2
75.3
59.4
55.3
0.9
49.2
70.5
40.1
38.4
75.7
60.1
55.7|MMSar
MMBench
MMVet
MathVista
AI2D
Hallusion|Avg. Acc.| +|---|---|---| +||49.1
69.7
37.2
41.3
75.9
59.1
49.7
71.5
39.4
41.2
75.3
60.0
48.1
71.9
40.6
39.9
75.3
59.4
47.9
70.3
38.6
39.2
76.3
59.7
47.2
70.1
40.5
39.5
75.2
57.6
48.4
70.9
42.0
38.8
76.6
60.5
48.7
69.8
41.1
39.0
75.4
59.7
49.9
69.3
40.9
37.2
75.3
59.4
49.2
70.5
40.1
38.4
75.7
60.1|55.4
56.2
55.8
55.3
55.0
56.2
55.6
55.3
55.7| + + + +_Table A9._ Ablation results on BERTScore metric for number of interpreters corresponding to 3 stages trained based on LLama-3.1-8BInstruct. + +|Metric|# of Decoders|Summary
Caption
Reasoning| +|---|---|---| +|||| +|BLEU|1
3|9.5
6.8
**11.3**
**15.9**
**12.8**
11.2| +|||| +|METEOR|1
3|32.7
25.4
32.5
**40.1**
**35.5**
**32.7**| +|||| +|ROUGE-L|1
3|36.8
29.7
31.9
**41.6**
**37.9**
**32.7**| +|||| +|BERTScore|1
3|67.8
60.6
**67.3**
**73.4**
**71.4**
66.6| + + + +16 + +**Efficient Reasoning with Hidden Thinking** + +## **C. Prompts for GPT-4o Evaluation** + +We provide the GPT-4o prompts in Prompt A1. In detail, we treat the evaluation as a ranking process to classify the performance of the reconstructed reasoning process into 5 ranks, from 1 to 5. Rank 1 represents a reconstructed reasoning process with little overlap with the ground-truth CoT and describing different themes, while Rank 5 represents a reconstruction that is well aligned with the ground truth. We remove special tokens from both sides and input them to GPT-4o to rank the similarity at each stage. We also include the corresponding image-question pairs in the prompt as additional references for more accurate contextual support. + +## **CoT Reconstruction Evaluation Agent (GPT-4o)** + +**Input:** Image **I** , question **Q** , reconstructed CoT **CoT** ˆ , ground-truth CoT **CoT** , and CoT stage type **T** _∈ {_ caption _,_ summary _,_ reasoning _}_ . + +**Output:** An integer similarity rank in _{_ 1 _,_ 2 _,_ 3 _,_ 4 _,_ 5 _}_ measuring the alignment between **CoT** ˆ and **CoT** . + +## **Agent Role** + +You are an evaluation agent responsible for assessing whether a generated analysis aligns with the ground truth, given the image–question pair. The analysis corresponds to one of the following stages: + +- **Caption** : Description of the image content. + +- **Summary** : Restatement or paraphrase of the question. + +- **Reasoning** : Logical explanation linking the image and question to the answer. + +## **Evaluation Task** + +You are given: + +ˆ • Generated stage **T** : **CoT** + +- Ground truth: **CoT** + +- Image **I** and question **Q** + +Evaluate how closely the generated **T** matches the ground truth according to the image and question. **Similarity Scale** + +- **1 — Completely unrelated** : No thematic or factual overlap. + +- **2 — Minimally related** : Only weak or tangential overlap. + +- **3 — Partially related** : Core theme overlaps but with clear factual errors or missing key details. + +- **4 — Closely related** : Main content aligns with minor discrepancies. + +- **5 — Nearly identical** : Almost complete alignment with negligible differences. + +## **Response Format** + +Return a JSON object: _{_ ” **T** ” : Rank _,_ ” _reason_ ” : explanation _}_ where Rank is the integer similarity score and reason briefly justifies the decision. + +_Figure A1._ Instruction prompts for the Reconstruction Evaluation Agent using GPT-4o. + +17 + diff --git a/docs/papers/2502.01839v2.md b/docs/papers/2502.01839v2.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c36e4c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/papers/2502.01839v2.md @@ -0,0 +1,1455 @@ +# **Sample, Scrutinize and Scale: Effective Inference-Time Search by Scaling Verification** + +Eric Zhao[1,2] + +Pranjal Awasthi[1] + +Sreenivas Gollapudi[1] + +> 1Google Research, 2UC Berkeley + +## **Abstract** + +Sampling-based search, a simple paradigm for utilizing test-time compute, involves generating multiple candidate responses and selecting the best one—typically by having models self-verify each response for correctness. In this paper, we study the scaling trends governing sampling-based search. Among our findings is that simply scaling up a minimalist implementation of sampling-based search, using only random sampling and direct self-verification, provides a practical inference method that, for example, elevates the reasoning capabilities of Gemini v1.5 Pro above that of o1-Preview on popular benchmarks. We partially attribute the scalability of sampling-based search to a phenomenon of _implicit scaling_ , where sampling a larger pool of responses in turn improves self-verification accuracy. We further identify two useful principles for improving self-verification capabilities with test-time compute: (1) comparing across responses provides helpful signals about the locations of errors and hallucinations, and (2) different model output styles are useful for different contexts—chains of thought are useful for reasoning but harder to verify. We also find that, though accurate verification can be elicited, frontier models demonstrate remarkably weak out-of-box verification capabilities and introduce a benchmark to measure progress on these deficiencies. + +## **1 Introduction** + +Recent advances in language models highlight the importance of test-time compute scaling wherein one uses more compute during inference to enhance reasoning capabilities [OpenAI, 2024, Team, 2025, Agarwal et al., 2024, Wei et al., 2022, Yao et al., 2023, Akyürek et al., 2024]. There are many methods for increasing test-time compute usage, including implicitly encouraging longer responses via reinforcement learning [OpenAI, 2024, Team, 2025] or explicitly via prompting [Wei et al., 2022, Yao et al., 2023]. However, _sampling-based search_ —an instance of the generate-and-test approach where a model generates many responses in parallel, e.g. via random sampling or delegation, and selects what the model guesses to be the best one—remains one of the most natural and fundamental paradigms. In addition to being complementary with other test-time compute scaling strategies, it also has the unique advantage of being embarrassingly parallel and allowing for arbitrarily scaling: simply sample more responses [Cobbe et al., 2021, Wang et al., 2023]. As a result, sampling-based search plays an increasingly crucial role as language + +> Corresponding author: eric.zh@berkeley.edu. + +> Code and benchmark: github.com/google-research/google-research/sampling_based_search. + +1 + +models are set loose on frontier mathematical and scientific problems where inference compute budgets reach thousands of dollars or more per problem. + +Though recent works demonstrate the benefits of sampling-based search [Cobbe et al., 2021, Wang et al., 2023, Xue et al., 2023], many questions remain as to what scaling trends govern this fundamental test-time compute scaling strategy. To develop this understanding, we study a minimalist—yet remarkably effective—instantiation of sampling-based search that uses a language model [Gemini Team, 2024] to both generate a set of candidate responses via random sampling and select the best one by attempting to verify each response with natural language. Specifically, we consider the case where models must self-verify their responses to select the best answer, and do not make the strong assumption that one can access groundtruth answers or symbolic systems that exactly verify correctness. In this setup, we address the question: _what test-time scaling trends emerge as we scale both the number of sampled responses and verification capabilities?_ In particular, what are the limits of scaling this simple sampling-based search paradigm and how much does one need to continuously scale verification capability as one scales up search? + +**Our findings.** We first identify scaling trends demonstrating that reasoning performance continues to improve with sampling-based search even as test-time compute is scaled well beyond the point where the performance of self-consistency [Wang et al., 2023] saturates. At sufficient scale, even our minimalist implementation provides a significant leap in reasoning accuracy, lifting Gemini v1.5 Pro performance beyond o1-Preview, and Gemini v1.5 Flash beyond Gemini v1.5 Pro, on reasoning benchmarks such as LiveBench [White et al., 2024] and the AIME [MAA, 2024], exhibiting sustained power-law scaling on the latter. This not only highlights the importance of sampling-based search for scaling capability, but also suggests the utility of sampling-based search as a simple baseline on which to compare other test-time compute scaling strategies and measure genuine improvements in models’ search capabilities. + +We then attribute much of the strong scaling trends of sampling-based search to an _implicit scaling_ phenomenon. Contrary to the intuition that sampling more responses should impose a greater burden on the verifier and reduce verification accuracy, we observe that scaling sampling indirectly enhances verification accuracy. At a high-level, this is because well-written responses are easier to verify than poorly written responses, and scaling sampling widens the pool of well-written candidates. + +We further identify two effective strategies for scaling verification capabilities using test-time compute: (1) directly comparing candidate responses and (2) task-specific rewriting of candidate responses. The former mitigates a core weakness of language models, which struggle to identify mistakes and hallucinations unless given their locations [Tyen et al., 2024], by leveraging the fact that differences between candidate responses provide a strong signal for where errors might be located. The latter leverages our observation of _output style suitability_ where chain-of-thought output formats are beneficial when generating responses but harder to verify than more formal, mathematically conventional writing styles. Surprisingly, while effective verification can be easily elicited from frontier models by communicating these strategies, we observe that frontier models have remarkably poor out-of-box verification capabilities and introduce a new benchmark to quantify these deficits. + +**Preview and outline.** Table 1 summarizes our first finding: that, with effective self-verification, simply scaling sampling-based search is sufficient to approach state-of-art performance on reasoning and math benchmarks (AIME 2024 [MAA, 2024], LiveBench Math, LiveBench Reasoning [White et al., 2024], and the Berkeley MATH dataset [Hendrycks et al., 2021]). It depicts the accuracy of the Gemini v1.5 Pro model + +> 1The o1-preview-2024-09-12 numbers in Table 1 use publicly reported figures, with MATH and AIME figures sourced from the OpenAI blog post [OpenAI, 2024], and LiveBench figures sourced from the LiveBench leaderboard (livebench.ai). We found the performance of o1-Preview as accessed through the OpenAI API to slightly differ with publicly reported figures, e.g. scoring 26% not 44% on AIME, and scoring 77% not 67% on LiveBench Reasoning. + +2 + +|**Method**|**AIME**|**MATH**|**LiveBench Math**|**LiveBench Reasoning**| +|---|---|---|---|---| +|Pass@1|1 / 15|426 / 500|104 / 200|63 / 140| +|Consistency@200|4 / 15|460 / 500|118 / 200|75 / 140| +|Consistency@1,000|3 / 15|460 / 500|120 / 200|73 / 140| +|Verifcation@200|**8** / 15|**467** / 500|**135** / 200|**97** / 140| +|o1-Preview@1|7 / 15|428 / 500|131 / 200|95 / 140| + + + +Table 1: Accuracy rates of the Gemini v1.5 Pro model using sampling-based search (Verification@200) on reasoning benchmarks, compared to other inference methods and o1-Preview performance. Verification@200 consistently improves on Consistency@200 and surpasses o1-Preview.[1] Each score reflects a single run, due to the high expense of search at this scale (see Section 5). + +[Gemini Team, 2024] when only one solution[2] is attempted per question (Pass@1), when 200 solutions are attempted and the most common final answer is selected (Consistency@200, Wang et al. [2023]), and under sampling-based search, when 200 solutions are attempted and scored for correctness with the highest scorer selected (Verification@200, Algorithm 1). With sampling-based search (Verification@200), Gemini v1.5 surpasses the performance of o1-Preview, a model explicitly trained on reasoning problems to leverage significant test-time compute and perform internal search. + +The rest of this paper is devoted to studying the three key factors behind the numbers in Table 1. Section 2.1 analyzes the remarkable scalability of sampling-based search, as one varies both the compute spent on search and verification; Section 2.2 analyzes the phenomenon of _implicit scaling_ and its role in driving this scalability; and Section 3 discusses important principles for scaling self-verification capability, which may be of independent interest. We also highlight deficits in the verification capabilities of frontier models with a new benchmark in Section 6. Technical details and detailed discussion of related work are found in Sections 5 and 7 respectively. + +**Algorithm 1** Sampling-Based Search (Verification@ _k_ inf ) + +**Require:** Prompt _Q_ , language model LM, scaling parameters _k_ inf _, k_ verif _, k_ tie. + +1: Populate _S_ with _k_ inf samples from LM(“Answer _Q_ ”). _▷_ **Stage 1: Generate Responses** 2: **for** each candidate response _si ∈S_ **do** _▷_ **Stage 2: Verify Responses** + +3: Populate _Vi_ with _k_ verif samples from LM(“Return 1[response _si_ to _Q_ is correct]”). 4: Gather the highest-scored response _S_ Best = _{si | i ∈_ [ _k_ inf ] _,_ Avg( _Vi_ ) _≥_ max _j∈_ [ _k_ inf ] Avg( _Vj_ ) _−_ 0 _._ 05 _}_ . 5: **if** _|S_ Best _|_ = 1 **then** + +6: Return response _si[∗]_ where _i[∗]_ = max _j∈_ [ _k_ inf ] Avg( _Vj_ ). 7: **else** + +8: **for** each pair of candidate responses ( _si, sj_ ) _∈_ � _S_ Best2 � **do** _▷_ **Tie-Break: Compare Responses** 9: Populate _Ci,j_ with _k_ tie samples from LM(“Which of responses _{si, sj}_ to _Q_ is correct?”). 10: Return response _si[∗]_ where _i[∗]_ is the winner of the most matchups _{Ci,j | si, sj ∈S_ Best _}_ . + +## **2 Scaling Trends of Sampling-Based Search** + +This section examines how reasoning capability scales with two fundamental test-time compute axes: + +> 2As we focus on answering reasoning problems, we use “model responses” and “model solutions” interchangeably. + +3 + +Figure 2.1: Heatmap of Gemini v1.5 Pro accuracy rates using sampling-based search (without tiebreaking) as the number of responses generated (x-axis) and verification attempts (y-axis) increase. Warmer colors indicate higher accuracy (cubic scale). The largest gains occur when scaling both search and verification, with the strongest trend on AIME. + +- **Search** refers to the compute used to discover candidate solutions. In this section, our knob for scaling search is the number of responses sampled for each reasoning problem ( _k_ inf in Algorithm 1). + +- **Verification** refers to the compute used to scrutinize candidate solutions. Our knob for scaling verification is the number of verification scores we compute and average over per solution ( _k_ verif ). + +For computational reasons, this section uses a streamlined form of Algorithm 1 that omits tie-breaking. This, for example, results in significant underestimates of Verification@k on MATH (see Table 3). All figures are averaged over 20 random seeds, where each run subsamples solutions and verification scores from a primary run that sampled 200 solutions per question and 50 verification scores per solution. + +## **2.1 Scaling Trends** + +Figure 2.1 provides a heatmap of Verification@k on each benchmark in Table 1 as we scale search and verification. In addition to clear burn-in costs along both axes of scale, we can observe that the largest performance gains are realized when search and verification are both scaled. These trends also indicate + +4 + +Figure 2.2: Plot of Gemini v1.5 Pro accuracy rates using sampling-based search (without tie-breaking and with _k_ verif = 50) on _ambiguous questions only_ as the number of responses generated increases. A question is ambiguous when the model generates at least one candidate response with a correct final answer. Accuracy on ambiguous questions increases with search. + +that the performances of sampling-based search, as reported in Table 1, have not yet been scaled to saturation on these benchmarks. This scaling trend is strongest on the AIME benchmark, where performance is bottlenecked by _k_ (search); we attribute this bottleneck to the difficulty of the AIME questions resulting in correct solutions only appearing with very low probability (see Table 2). + +## **2.2 Implicit Scaling** + +Scaling sampling-based search along the _search_ axis by sampling more solutions, i.e. increasing _k_ , should have two effects on performance that partially cancel out: (1) the verifier must discriminate between more solutions, increasing the likelihood of error and (2) the generator is more likely to produce at least one solution that reaches a correct final answer, i.e. Pass@k increases. + +To isolate the first effect, we study the model’s Verification@k accuracy on “ambiguous” questions: questions where at least one of the model’s _k_ candidate solutions reaches the correct final answer (note that Pass@k equals the number of ambiguous questions). Figure 2.2 and Figure 2.3 do exactly this, plotting Verification@k accuracy measured only on ambiguous questions from each benchmark. To reduce noise in these figures, we deterministically omit benchmark questions that Consistency@200 answers correctly or where, with high probability, 50 random responses result in either all correct or all incorrect final answers. + +After controlling for the growth of Pass@k, we should expect a trend of decreasing accuracy if we increase _k_ but keep the number of verification attempts constant. However, Figure 2.2 shows the reverse trend: accuracy increases with _k_ . This demonstrates an _implicit scaling_ of verification accuracy, where increasing the number of generated responses increases not only the chance that at least one response is correct (Pass@k) but also the chance that at least one of the correct responses is of higher quality. Here, quality can be understood as the rigour or flawlessness of a response; a lower quality solution may be generally correct but fail to justify a non-trivial step or err in a non-critical step of its reasoning. + +Implicit scaling suggests that verification should become more accurate, and sampling-based search should become more effective, with the use of more capable base models that produce more sound reasoning and compelling proofs of correctness. Because the number of ambiguous questions strictly increases with more candidate solutions, the implicit scaling effect also explains the overall accuracy scaling gains in Figure 2.1: larger _k_ increases both the number of ambiguous questions (Pass@k) and accuracy on the set of ambiguous questions. + +5 + +Figure 2.3: Heatmap of Gemini v1.5 Pro accuracy rates using sampling-based search (without tiebreaking) on _ambiguous questions only_ as the number of responses generated (x-axis) and verification attempts (y-axis) increase. Warmer colors indicate higher accuracy (linear scale). A question is ambiguous when the model generates at least one candidate response with a correct final answer. Accuracy on ambiguous questions increases with search (x-axis). + +6 + +## **2.3 The Long Tail of Response Distributions** + +Figure 2.4: Line graph depicting the accuracy rates of the Gemini v1.5 Pro model using samplingbased search as the number of candidate responses generated is scaled upwards. The number of verification attempts is fixed at 50 for all plots. The depicted accuracies are obtained without tiebreaking and may be lower than reported elsewhere. Verification@k improves with _k_ even when Consistency@k stagnates on AIME and LiveBench Reasoning. + +We can directly observe Verification@k scaling beyond the saturation point of Consistency@k in Figure 2.4, where we plot their performance after fixing the number of verification attempts at 50. On AIME, the most technically challenging benchmark, Verification@k demonstrates power law scaling even as Consistency@k begins to plateau. The rapid saturation of Consistency@k can be attributed to the fact that, while it is effective at small scales in averaging out noisy mistakes, it necessarily plateaus as it converges on the most probable response; for example, Consistency@50 has the same accuracy as Consistency@10,000 on AIME. Consider cheaply sampling a vast set of solutions from a weak but ergodic model: Consistency@k is unlikely to return a correct solution, but an effective verifier should still be expected to detect rare but correct solutions in the long-tail of the response distribution. We find an example of this on the AIME 2024 exam, where the Gemini v1.5 model struggles to identify the correct answer to Problem 11 on Exam II. Table 2 shows the final answers from 200 randomly sampled Gemini v1.5 solutions, of which only one is correct (“601,” in green). Consistency returns the incorrect answer of “1” (in red), which appears in over half the responses. In contrast, Verification successfully identifies the solution reaching the correct answer from the response distribution’s long-tail, assigning a _≤_ 36% score to each solution reaching a final answer of “1” but a 98% score to the single solution reaching “601”. Scaling verification capability is key to driving improved search, allowing for discerning between answers that appear correct with 98% vs. 76% confidence. The fact that verification can be used to so effectively leverage the long-tail of model response distributions also suggests that Pass@k, not Pass@1, should be the key performance metric for search applications. Existing post-training techniques (e.g., reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) [Ouyang et al., 2022]) which explicitly optimize for Pass@1 may potentially be doing so at the expense of Pass@k and inhibiting search capability. + +## **3 Effective Self-Verification in Natural Language** + +In the process of scaling sampling-based search, we identified two general principles for eliciting more accurate language model self-verification, that may be of independent interest. + +1. _Compare responses to localize errors._ Disagreements between candidate solutions strongly signal the potential locations of their errors. This can be leveraged to combat the fact that language models + +7 + +**==> picture [480 x 222] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| +|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| +|Problem|11,|AIME|2024|Verification|Score|Final|Answer|#|Solutions| +|Find|the|number|of|triples|of|0.98|601|(Correct)|1| +|nonnegative|integers|(|a, b, c|)|0.76|6|(Wrong)|11| +|satisfying|a|+|b|+|c|= 300|and|0.52|0|(Wrong)|14| +|a|[2]|b|+|a|[2]|c|+|b|[2]|a|+|b|[2]|c|+|c|[2]|a|+|c|[2]|b|=|0.40|7|(Wrong)|21| +|6|,|000|,|000.|0.38|4|(Wrong)|10| +|0.36|1|(Wrong)|124| +|0.22|10|(Wrong)|2| +|MMB|Correct|Answer|(601)| +|0.20|3|(Wrong)|9| +|0.18|301|(Wrong)|1| +|0.16|45451|(Wrong)|1| +|0.14|101|(Wrong)|2| +|0.06|2|(Wrong)|1| +|0.04|45151|(Wrong)|1| +|s|A|9°|°|»|>|SY|©|S)|2|Ss|VS|SY|0.04|303|(Wrong)|1| +|SY|SS|&|&ge|FS|0.00|100|(Wrong)|1| + +**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +Table 2: The final answers identified by the Gemini v1.5 Pro model to Problem 11 on AIME 2024, sorted by verification score and annotated with their multiplicity in 200 solution generations. The correct final answer (green) is only found by 1 generated response whereas Consistency@200 selects an incorrect final answer (red) that is found by 124 generated responses. + +have low recall (i.e., often overlook) when asked to identify mistakes and hallucinations [Tyen et al., 2024, Kamoi et al., 2024a], as models are able to identify errors when provided their locations [Tyen et al., 2024]. Specifically, we can improve the self-verification of a candidate response by providing the verifier with other responses to compare the candidate against—an instance of implicit scaling. + +2. _Rewrite responses for output style suitability._ The optimal output style of a language model should depend on the task. Writing in a linear chain of thought— which includes detailing reasoning before committing to a claim—is effective when generating responses (search) [Wei et al., 2022]. However, responses are easier to verify when written rigorously, hierarchically, and modularly. This can be leveraged by having verifiers first rewrite candidate responses in, e.g., an expanded mathematically conventional theorem-lemma-proof format rather than directly evaluating chains-of-thought. + +These principles also provide levers for scaling self-verification capability with test-time compute, including by (1) sampling and providing verifiers with more responses to compare between and (2) rewriting responses with increasing rigour and structure. + +## **3.1 Sampling-Based Search Implementation** + +We now detail our minimalist implementation of sampling-based search (summarized in Algorithm 1) that uses only parallelizable blackbox queries to a language model. It generates candidate responses by randomly sampling from models and select responses by asking models to self-verify; prompts are identical across all benchmarks and provided in the source code. + +**Step 1: Generate Candidate Responses.** A language model generates _k_ inf candidate responses (candidate solutions) in parallel to each question, using temperature _σ_ inf . + +8 + +**Step 2: Verify Candidate Responses.** A language model generates _k_ verif binary “verification scores” for each candidate in parallel, indicating whether its final answer is correct. Each scoring attempt is a single conversation thread that rewrites the response as a theorem, supporting lemmas, and proofs (examples in Appendix E) and systematically scans for errors. The highest scoring response is selected. + +**Tie-Break: Compare Candidate Responses.** When the three highest scoring candidates score within 5% of one another and disagree on the final answer, a language model directly compares the responses in pairwise matchups. Each matchup is a single conversation thread that identifies where responses diverge and, at each such point, determines which side is correct. Each matchup is repeated _k_ tie = 100 times. The response with the most wins in the round-robin tournament is selected. + +## **3.2 Ablation Studies** + +We can individually ablate the practices of comparing and rewriting candidate responses to confirm their role in eliciting greater verification capability. + +**Ablating comparisons.** The step of asking models to directly compare candidate solutions with similar verification scores significantly increases sampling-based search performance. This is demonstrated in Table 3, where we depict the accuracy rates from Table 1 alongside the accuracy rates after ablating the tie-breaking step. These comparisons have the greatest impact when models struggle from low recall and excessively assign high verification scores. On the MATH benchmark, which sees the greatest lift from comparisons, the average verification score of the top 3 candidate responses is nearly 90%. Recall that, as a result, the figures reported in Section 2 that omit tiebreaking significantly underestimate sampling-based search performances (Verification@k). + +|**Dataset**
**Cons@200**
**Verification@200**
**Without**
**With Tie-Break**
~~aa~~| +|---| +|MATH
460 / 500
457 / 500
467 / 500
LiveBench Math
118 / 200
125 / 200
135 / 200
~~ES~~| +|LiveBench Reasoning
75 / 140
94 / 140
97 / 140| +|AIME
4 / 14
7 / 14
8 / 14| + + + +Table 3: Accuracy rates of Gemini v1.5 Pro using sampling-based search, with and without tiebreaking. Tie-breaking provides most of Verification@200’s gains on Consistency@200 (Cons@200) on MATH and LiveBench Math, and smaller gains on AIME and LiveBench Reasoning. + +**Ablating rewritings.** We explored a limited number of prompts for self-verification, including prompts which omit instructing the model to rewrite responses. We did not perform further prompt optimization and expect refinements would boost accuracy. Table 4 shows each prompt’s probability of mislabeling correct solutions (false positive) and incorrect solutions (false negative), with the former generally having a more severe impact on downstream performance. We evaluated these prompts on 1,080 candidate responses to 54 level-5 questions from the MATH training split, and 120 candidate responses to 6 questions from AIME 2023. A response is marked as incorrect if, of 20 verification attempts, the number finding an error in the solution exceeds the equal error rate threshold. + +9 + +_Main_ refers to manually written prompts used in our experiments. _Shortened_ refers to a shorter variant of “Main” that omits, e.g., instructions to avoid truncation. _Without Rewrite_ refers to a variant of “Main” that omits instructing the verifier to first rewrite responses. _Split-Context_ refers to a variant of “Main” that creates separate conversation threads to individually verify pieces of the response. + +The gap between the performance of “Main” and “Without Rewrite” demonstrates that ablating the rewriting of solutions negatively impacts verification performance. Similarly, the gap with “Split-Context” demonstrates that splitting the verification process into separate conversation threads sharply decreases performance due to low precision, which we attribute to miscalibration. + +|**Prompt Style**|**MATH**|**MATH**|||**AIME**| +|---|---|---|---|---|---| +|~~a~~
~~FF~~|**FPR**
**FNR**
~~ee~~
~~TTT~~||~~ee~~
|
~~NWwWWWWMWM_ONRd*CIArTL~TCOIANN,~~||**FPR**
**FNR**
~~ee~~
~~NWwWWWWMWM_ONRd*CIArTL~TCOIANN,~~| +|Main|14%|17%|||7%
7%| +|Shortened|17%|17%|||7%
7%| +|Without Rewrite|16%|18%|||11%
12%| +|Split-Context|19%|23%|||11%
14%| + + + +Table 4: Verification scoring accuracy rates of the Gemini v1.5 Pro model for various prompts. False positive rate (FPR) refers to how often a correct response is labeled as incorrect; false negative rate (FNR) refers to how often an incorrect response is labeled as correct. + +## **4 Additional Experiments** + +## **4.1 Smaller Models** + +We also observe sampling-based search to be a powerful tool for enhancing smaller, lower-cost models. Here, we apply sampling-based search to Gemini v1.5 Flash model, which has a nearly 20x lower inference cost than Gemini v1.5 Pro. Table 5 lists the performance of using the Flash model to evaluate candidate responses generated by the Pro model (Pro+Flash), and the performance of using the Flash model end-to-end for sampling-based search (Flash). Sampling-based search still provides a significant improvement in performance for both Flash and Pro+Flash. Moreover, Verification@200 still provides significant improvements over Consistency@200, albeit lesser in magnitude than for end-to-end use of Gemini Pro. In addition, Flash Verification@200 using Gemini Flash is competitive with Pro Consistency@200, while Pro+Flash Verification@200 exceeds Pro Consistency@200. We highlight that Pro+Flash Verification@200 has roughly the compute cost of Consistency@500—as our sampling-based search implementation is minimally optimized for efficiency, we expect costs to further decrease. + +## **4.2 Performance by Subtask** + +The LiveBench benchmarks each consist of multiple subtasks. In Table 6, we break down the numbers reported in Table 1 for each of these subtasks. We also provide in Table 6 the Pass@200 scores of the Gemini Pro model, which measure the probability that of 200 attempted responses to a question at least one is correct. Pass@200 upper bounds what one can hope to achieve through Verification or Consistency. Verification provides the greatest gains on AIME 2024, Web-of-Lies, Competition, and Zebra Puzzle. In contrast, Verification does not improve on Consistency on the Olympiad task of the LiveBench Math + +10 + +|**Model**|**Method**|**AIME**|**MATH**|**LiveBench Math**|**LiveBench Reasoning**| +|---|---|---|---|---|---| +||Pass@1|1 / 15|426 / 500|104 / 200|63 / 140| +|Pro v1.5|Consistency@200|4 / 15|460 / 500|118 / 200|75 / 140| +||Verification@200|8 / 15|467 / 500|135 / 200|97 / 140| +||Pass@1|2 / 15|407 / 500|96 / 200|65 / 140| +|Flash v1.5|Consistency@200|3 / 15|440 / 500|92 / 200|84 / 140| +||Verification@200|5 / 15|445 / 500|104 / 200|84 / 140| +|Pro+Flash v1.5|Verification@200|7 / 15|456 / 500|119 / 200|84 / 140| + + + +Table 5: Accuracy rates with sampling-based search using either the Gemini v1.5 Pro model to both generate and verify responses (Pro), Gemini v1.5 Flash to both generate and verify responses (Flash), or Gemini v1.5 Pro model to generate responses and v1.5 Flash to verify responses (Pro+Flash). Verification@200 exceeds Consistency@200 for all model choices, while Pro+Flash Verification@200 matches or exceeds Pro Consistency@200. + +|**Dataset**|**Cons@200**|**Verif@200**|**Improvement (%)**|**Improvement (%)**|**Pass@200**|**# Questions**| +|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| +||||**(Abs)**|**(Rel)**||| +|Berkeley MATH|92.0%|93.4%|2% _↑_|20.0%|99.0%|500| +|AIME 2024|26.7%|53.3%|100% _↑_|57.1%|73.3%|15| +|Web-of-Lies-v2*|75.5%|91.8%|22% _↑_|66.5%|100.0%|49| +|Spatial*|33.3%|46.7%|40% _↑_|21.5%|95.6%|45| +|Zebra Puzzle*|50.0%|67.4%|35% _↑_|36.4%|97.8%|46| +|Competition†|66.2%|83.1%|26% _↑_|63.1%|93.0%|71| +|AMPS Hard†|70.6%|77.7%|10% _↑_|33.5%|91.8%|85| +|Olympiad†|25.0%|22.7%|9% _↓_|-11.2%|45.5%|44| + + + +Table 6: The Pass@200, Consistency@200 (Cons@200), and Verification@200 (Verif@200) accuracy rates of the Gemini v1.5 Pro model using sampling-based search. LiveBench Math[†] and LiveBench Reasoning[*] numbers are divided per task. Absolute % Increase (Abs) is the percentage improvement of Verification@200 over Consistency@200. Relative % Increase (Rel) is (Verification@200 - - Consistency@200) / (Pass@200 Consistency@200). + +11 + +benchmark. We attribute this to the unique question design of LiveBench Olympiad task questions, which is incompatible with our implementation of Verification (see Appendix B.2). + +## **5 Technical Details** + +All experiments are run on Google Cloud with Gemini v1.5-Pro-002 and Gemini v1.5-Flash-002 models dated to September 2024. Unless otherwise specified, the default parameters for our implementation of sampling-based search (Section 3) are _k_ inf = 200, _σ_ inf = 1 _._ 5, _k_ verif = 50, _σ_ verif = 1, and a maximum of 8,192 output tokens per query. For all benchmarks, the scoring of candidate responses is performed using a language model rather than literal string comparison; details are in Appendix A.2. + +**Preliminary scoring.** When generating _k_ verif = 50 verification scores per candidate solution is too expensive, we first generate _k_ verif = 10 preliminary verification scores and discard candidate solutions with an average score below 0 _._ 2. If a final answer is represented by more than 15 candidate responses, only the top 15–as measured by average preliminary score, tie-breaking randomly–are kept. This results in a smaller pool of candidate solutions for which we compute all _k_ verif = 50 verification scores. Preliminary scoring is used on all datasets except AIME, which consists of 15 questions. + +**Compute.** On AIME, the verification process involves 32,000 characters (roughly 13,000 tokens) of model output. Extrapolating from these figures, running the full sampling-based search pipeline on a question for _k_ inf = 200 and _k_ verif = 50 requires 200 _·_ 50 _·_ 13 _,_ 000 _≈_ 130M output tokens. At around $5/1M output tokens (public pricing of Gemini v1.5 Pro), this evaluates to approximately $650 in cost. Preliminary scoring reduces usage of output tokens by roughly 70%, resulting in a per-question cost of $200. The use of Gemini Flash for verification further decreases cost to $12 per question. + +**Datasets.** Our MATH benchmark consists of 500 questions from the PRM800K [Lightman et al., 2024] test split of Berkeley MATH [Hendrycks et al., 2021]. Our LiveBench Math benchmark consists of 200 randomly subsampled questions from the 368 available as of October 21st 2024, including AMC12 2023, AIME 2024, SMC 2023, USAMO 2023, IMO 2023, and synthetic math questions [White et al., 2024]. Our LiveBench Reasoning benchmark consists of 140 questions from the 150 available as of October 21st 2024, including Zebra puzzles, Web-Of-Lies, and Spatial reasoning questions [White et al., 2024]. Our AIME benchmark consists of the 15 questions in Exam II of AIME 2024 [MAA, 2024]. + +## **6 A Verification Benchmark** + +Frontier language models demonstrate a remarkable mismatch between their problem-solving capabilities and poor out-of-box verification capabilities. These limitations have largely been attributed to the inability of current language models to self-diagnose hallucinations or enforce rigour [Zhang et al., 2023, Orgad et al., 2024, Snyder et al., 2024, Kamoi et al., 2024a, Tyen et al., 2024, Huang et al., 2024]. However, our findings that models can be directed to accurately perform verifications at scale suggest that these out-of-box limitations can be addressed with standard methods like instruction tuning. We compiled a set of challenging reasoning problems and candidate solutions to provide a benchmark for these deficits. + +Each entry in this benchmark consists of a question, a correct candidate response, and an incorrect candidate response, and is manually curated from the residuals of our sampling-based search experiments (Section 3). An example entry from this benchmark can be found below (see Appendix D for more). + +12 + +## Question from LiveBench Reasoning (Web-of-Lies Puzzle) + +In this question, assume each person either always tells the truth or always lies. The person at the campground thinks their friend is lying. Mateo is at the aquarium. The person at the restaurant says the person at the hotel lies. Farid is at the movie theater. The person at the movie theater says the person at the campground lies. Ryan is at the shopping mall. The person at the cafe says the person at the campground lies. The person at the observatory says the person at the museum lies. The person at the museum says the person at the restaurant tells the truth. The person at the campground says the person at the airport tells the truth. The person at the campground tells the truth. Luna is at the restaurant. The person at the movie theater saw a firetruck. Isabella is at the observatory. The person at the amusement park says the person at the museum tells the truth. The person at the restaurant says the person at the shopping mall tells the truth. Liam is at the beach. Ayaan is at the airport. The person at the restaurant says the person at the beach tells the truth. Maya is at the amusement park. The person at the restaurant says the person at the aquarium lies. The person at the restaurant says the person at the movie theater lies. The person at the library says the person at the campground tells the truth. Elowen is at the hotel. Priya is at the library. The person at the gym says the person at the restaurant tells the truth. Kehinde is at the cafe. Anika is at the museum. Quan is at the campground. Soren is at the gym. Does the person at the museum tell the truth? Does the person at the restaurant tell the truth? Does the person at the movie theater tell the truth? Think step by step, and then put your answer in **bold** as a list of three words, yes or no (for example, **yes, no, yes**). If you don’t know, guess. + +## Correct response + +## Incorrect Response Due to Hallucination + +Here’s how we can break down this logic puzzle: + +1. **Quan is at the campground and tells the truth.** This is a given fact. + +... + +4. **The person at the restaurant (Luna) says the person at the hotel (Elowen) lies.** We don’t know yet if Luna is lying or telling the truth. + +... 10. **Since Luna tells the truth about Farid, Luna *always* tells the truth.** This unlocks several other pieces of information. + +... + +13. **The person at the cafe (Kehinde) says the person at the campground lies.** Since Quan tells the truth, Kehinde is lying. Therefore: * **Anika (museum):** Tells the truth. * **Luna (restaurant):** Tells the truth. * **Farid (movie theater):** Lies. **yes, yes, no** + +Here’s how we can solve this logic puzzle: 1. **Quan is at the campground and tells the truth.** This is given. + +2. **The person at the airport (Ayaan) tells the truth.** Quan (campground) says the person at the airport tells the truth, and Quan tells the truth. + +... + +4. **Luna (restaurant) lies.** The person at the restaurant says the person at the hotel (Elowen) lies. **Later, the person at the restaurant says the person at the campground (Quan) lies.** Since Quan tells the truth, Luna (restaurant) must be lying. + +... Therefore: * **Anika (museum): lies** * **Luna (restaurant): lies** * **Farid (movie theater): lies** **Answer: no, no, no** + +Figure 6.1: Example of an entry in our verification benchmark. The question is sourced from the LiveBench Reasoning benchmark, and the two responses are generated by Gemini v1.5 Pro. The green response has the correct final answer; the13red response has the wrong final answer due to hallucinating a non-existent clause. + +On each entry, our benchmark studies verification accuracy on two tasks: + +1. **Scoring task.** When given only the question and one of the responses, is the model able to discern the correctness of the response? + +2. **Comparison task.** When provided the whole tuple with the correctness labels of the responses masked and a guarantee that at least one response is correct, is the model able to discern which response is correct and which is incorrect? + +The scoring task is also evaluated over a separate set of (question, response) pairs where the response reaches the correct final answer by coincidence but contains fatal errors and should be labeled by a reasonable verifier as being incorrect; an example can be found in Appendix D. In the scoring task, models are provided only with the task description; in the comparison task, models are provided only with the task description and a suggestion to identify disagreements between responses in its reasoning. + +Table 7 lists the baseline performances of current commercial model offerings on this benchmark. Gemini v1.5 Pro is omitted from the benchmark as the entries in the benchmark are curated from the residuals of Gemini v1.5 Pro. The prompts used in Table 7 are provided in Appendix A.4. + +As we previously observed, and has been noted in prior works [Tyen et al., 2024, Kamoi et al., 2024a], verification errors are typically due to low recall. Even the easier comparison task, models perform only marginally better—and often worse—than random chance. In many cases, Consistency@5 performs worse than one-shot inference because Consistency simply averages out noise from an output distribution, meaning that a model biased towards producing an incorrect answer will do so with higher probability under Consistency. Addressing these deficits in verification capabilities—which we see as low-hanging fruit for post-training—would enable not only better sampling-based search, but also other downstream applications of verification including reinforcement learning [e.g. OpenAI, 2024, Team, 2025], data flywheeling [e.g., Welleck et al., 2022], and end-user experience (see Section 7 for further discussion). + +## **7 Related Work** + +**Test-time compute.** Many of the recent advances in language model reasoning capabilities can be traced to increasing use of _test-time compute_ . Inference strategies like chain-of-thought reasoning [Wei et al., 2022], tree-of-thoughts [Yao et al., 2023] and self-critique [Valmeekam et al., 2023] result in improved reasoning performance at the cost of forming longer responses. Reinforcement learning has emerged as a particularly successful strategy for effectively leveraging more test-time compute, wherein models learn from exploration to form lengthy chain-of-thought outputs that incorporate backtracking and search, despite not being explicitly taught to do so [OpenAI, 2024, Team, 2025]. Inference-time model adaptation, whether through many-shot learning [Agarwal et al., 2024, Anil et al., 2024] or finetuning [Akyürek et al., 2024], provides another avenue when training data is available. We study sampling-based search: obtain a set of candidate responses from a model and apply an aggregation method to select a response, such as self-consistency/plurality voting [Wang et al., 2023] or selecting a response with a reward/verifier model [Cobbe et al., 2021]. These various methods for scaling test-time compute are complementary; for example, sampling-based search can also be used on models trained to produce longer outputs. We note that it is possible for models trained to produce long chains of thought to perform something resembling samplingbased search internally, in which case we still expect our observed scaling trends to hold. However, we also expect explicit sampling-based search will remain indispensable, due to its greater parallelism and robustness than internally implemented search. + +**Scaling sampling-based search.** The paradigm of sampling-based search provides three main knobs for scaling: generation, sampling, and selection. While the cost of _generating_ each individual response + +14 + +|**Model**
**Metric**|**Scoring Accuracy**
**Correct**
**Wrong**
**Flawed**|**Comparison Accuracy**| +|---|---|---| +|GPT-4o
Pass@1
Consistency@5|76.5%
31.0%
22.2%
77.4%
30.0%
11.1%|43.2%
35.4%| +|Claude 3.5 Sonnet
Pass@1
Consistency@5|89.6%
22.5%
33.3%
90.3%
17.5%
33.3%|56.1%
61.2%| +|o1-preview
Pass@1
Consistency@5|100%
68.8%
80.0%
100%
79.4%
88.8%|84.5%
92%| +|Gemini 2.0 Flash
Pass@1
Consistency@5|73.5%
44.5%
60%
77.4%
42.5%
66.6%|58%
58.7%| +|Gemini 2.0 Thinking Flash
Pass@1
Consistency@5|75.4%
56.5%
53.3%
77.4%
55%
55.5%|80%
89.1%| +|Random guessing|80%
20%
20%|50%| + + + +Table 7: Accuracy rates of commercial language models on our verification benchmark. For the task of response scoring (Scoring Accuracy), accuracy rates are broken down for entries that require identifying a correct response as being correct (Correct), entries that require identifying a wrong response as being wrong (Wrong), and entries that require identifying a wrong response that coincidentally reaches the correct answer as being wrong (Flawed). GPT-4o and Claude 3.5 Sonnet only perform marginally better than random guessing across all tasks. o1-Preview performs better, but still fails to identify 20-30% of wrong responses. + +15 + +can be scaled with previously mentioned interventions, such as chain-of-thought [e.g. Wei et al., 2022], reinforcement learning [e.g. OpenAI, 2024], or inference-time adaptation [e.g. Anil et al., 2024], the cost of _sampling_ a set of responses can be scaled by increasing the number of responses generated [Wang et al., 2023, Snell et al., 2024]. We use random sampling to generate each set of candidate responses, which means the latter corresponds to simply taking more random draws. However, this sampling can also be implemented in an agentic fashion, with a central model delegating the generation of responses so as to perform search more systematically. The process of _selecting_ a response can be scaled by using more expensive rules: self-consistency provides a simple plurality voting rule at the lowest-cost end of the spectrum [Wang et al., 2023], while language model self-verification [e.g. Xue et al., 2023, see below] and learned verification/reward models [e.g. Cobbe et al., 2021, see below] provide a range of selection strategies that vary in cost and capability. For more fine-grained control over the scaling of self-verification in our experiments, we apply plurality voting [Wang et al., 2023] to self-verification and vary our number of verification attempts per response. + +**Verification of language model outputs.** A large body of recent work has studied the self-verification capabilities of large language models [e.g., Cobbe et al., 2021, Kadavath et al., 2022, Saunders et al., 2022, Kim et al., 2023, Xie et al., 2023, Weng et al., 2023, Zhang et al., 2023, Xue et al., 2023, Li et al., 2023, Liu et al., 2024, Chow et al., 2024, Jiang et al., 2024, Dhuliawala et al., 2024, Snyder et al., 2024, Wu et al., 2024, Huang et al., 2024, Kamoi et al., 2024a,b, Orgad et al., 2024, Wen et al., 2024, Tyen et al., 2024, Chen et al., 2024, Kumar et al., 2024, Qu et al., 2024, Zhang et al., 2024, Ko et al., 2025, Havrilla et al., 2024]. While some works—including ours—simply ask models to perform verification and parse the response, others have proposed custom methods of performing self-verification, including: recreating the problem from the response [Xue et al., 2023, Wu et al., 2024], masking and re-filling parts of the response [Weng et al., 2023, Jiang et al., 2024], creating a rubric [Dhuliawala et al., 2024], or asking models to choose from options [Xie et al., 2023, Chen et al., 2024]. Our work does not focus on optimizing for selfverification or advocate for any particular strategy. However, in the course of performing our scaling study, we did identify several previously unstudied principles of self-verification that only arise at sufficiently large scale and may be of independent interest, including implicit scaling, output style suitability, and the importance of directly comparing responses. Other related bodies of work study the learning of verifiers, often on top of a pretrained large language model [e.g. Cobbe et al., 2021, Saunders et al., 2022, Li et al., 2023, Havrilla et al., 2024, Kumar et al., 2024, Qu et al., 2024, Chow et al., 2024, Zhang et al., 2024], and the use of external tools for verification [e.g. Min et al., 2023, Gou et al., 2024, Gao et al., 2024, Kim et al., 2023]. We did not train customized verification models or permit verifier use of external tools in the listed experiments, as we found blackbox model access to be sufficient for effective verification at scale. The limitations of model self-verification capabilities are also well-studied [Kamoi et al., 2024a, Tyen et al., 2024, Huang et al., 2024], and can be remedied with external information [Huang et al., 2024] or hints for localizing errors [Tyen et al., 2024]. Models especially struggle with self-diagnosing hallucinations [Zhang et al., 2023, Orgad et al., 2024, Snyder et al., 2024], despite awareness of their own limitations [Kadavath et al., 2022], and are often incentivized to obfuscate errors [Wen et al., 2024]. + +**Applications of verification.** In addition to being used to select from candidate responses [Cobbe et al., 2021, Li et al., 2023, Weng et al., 2023, Jiang et al., 2024, Chen et al., 2024, Xie et al., 2023], verifiers can be used to guide iterative improvements to a model’s output by providing feedback to the generating model [Kim et al., 2023, Xue et al., 2023, Valmeekam et al., 2023, Wu et al., 2024, Huang et al., 2024, Dhuliawala et al., 2024, Stechly et al., 2024a,b, Qu et al., 2024, Havrilla et al., 2024, Ko et al., 2025]. Another important application of verification is in enhancing model capabilities. For example, verification results for model outputs can be fed back into models as feedback via in-context + +16 + +reinforcement learning [Shinn et al., 2023], reinforcement learning [Uesato et al., 2022, Peng et al., 2023, Madaan et al., 2023, Kumar et al., 2024, Chow et al., 2024], or finetuning [Welleck et al., 2022, Paul et al., 2024, An et al., 2024, Singh et al., 2024], in an approach known as data flywheeling. Verification has also been explored as a means of encouraging models to produce better written responses [Anil et al., 2021, Kirchner et al., 2024]. From a product perspective, verification capabilities are also important to the workflow of end users [Collins et al.]. + +## **8 Conclusion** + +This paper studied the scaling trends governing sampling-based search, finding that (1) it scales remarkably well even with simple implementations, (2) _implicit scaling_ plays a big role in this scalability, and (3) self-verification capability can be scaled with test-time compute using two key principles: comparisons localize errors, and responses should be rewritten for output style suitability. To this end, we scaled a minimalist, embarrassingly parallel implementation of sampling-based search that, with sufficient test-time compute, is sufficient to attain state-of-art performance on a range of reasoning benchmarks. + +Our results underscore the importance of the sampling-based search paradigm. Given that it complements other test-time compute scaling strategies, is parallelizable and allows for arbitrarily scaling, and admits simple implementations that are demonstrably effective, we expect sampling-based search to play a crucial role as language models are tasked with solving increasingly complex problems with increasingly large compute budgets. We also see the performance of sampling-based search as providing both a strong baseline scaling trend that any non-trivial inference strategy should exceed, and a meaningful measure of a model’s search capability when Pass@k is uninformative (e.g. on multiple choice exams). We anticipate model self-verification capabilities to rapidly improve in the short term, as models learn to leverage the principles of implicit scaling and output style suitability, and drive improved scaling rates for samplingbased search. Finally, our results also highlight the importance of being able to effectively sample massive and diverse sets of solutions for search. This calls for more systematic inference alternatives to random sampling, such as agentic approaches that delegate search, and inference-aware optimization methods that maximize, e.g., Pass@k performance rather than Pass@1. + +17 + +## **References** + +OpenAI. Introducing OpenAI o1-preview. `https://openai.com/index/ introducing-openai-o1-preview/` , 2024. + +- DeepSeek-AI Team. Deepseek-r1: Incentivizing reasoning capability in llms via reinforcement learning, 2025. + +- Rishabh Agarwal, Avi Singh, Lei M. Zhang, Bernd Bohnet, Luis Rosias, Stephanie Chan, Biao Zhang, Ankesh Anand, Zaheer Abbas, Azade Nova, John D. Co-Reyes, Eric Chu, Feryal Behbahani, Aleksandra Faust, and Hugo Larochelle. Many-shot in-context learning, 2024. + +- Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Brian Ichter, Fei Xia, Ed H. Chi, Quoc V. Le, and Denny Zhou. 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Tenenbaum, William Hart, Timothy Gowers, Wenda Li, Adrian Weller, and Mateja Jamnik. Evaluating language models for mathematics through interactions. _Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America_ , 121(24):e2318124121. ISSN 0027-8424. + +22 + +## **A Additional Technical Details** + +## **A.1 Inference Prompts** + +For questions from the MATH and AIME benchmarks, we use the following prompt. + +## MATH and AIME Prompt + +Please answer the following question. Think carefully and in a step-by-step fashion. At the end of your solution, put your final result in a boxed environment, e.g. 42 . The question would be here. + +For questions from the LiveBench Math and LiveBench Reasoning benchmarks, which already come with their own instructions and formatting requests, we do not provide any accompanying prompt and simply submit the model the question verbatim. + +## LiveBench Prompt + +The question would be here. + +## **A.2 LM-Based Scoring** + +Given a tuple consisting of a question, ground-truth solution, and candidate response, we grade the correctness of the candidate response by querying a Gemini-v1.5-Pro-002 model to compare the candidate and ground-truth solutions. This involves repeating the following process five times: (1) send a prompt to the model that provides the question, the correct ground-truth solution, and the candidate response, and asks the model to deliberate on the correctness of the candidate response; and (2) send a followup prompt to the model to obtain a correctness ruling in a structured format. If a strict majority of (valid) responses to the second prompt evaluate to a JSON object with the key-value pair + +“student_final_answer_is_correct” = True rather than “student_final_answer_is_correct” = False , the candidate response is labeled correct. Otherwise, the candidate response is labeled incorrect. These queries are all processed with temperature zero. The prompts, which can be found at the end of this subsection, ask the language model to (1) identify the final answer of the given response, (2) identify the final answer of the reference (ground truth) response, and (3) determine whether the final answer of the given response satisfactorily matches that of the reference response, ignoring any non-substantive formatting disagreements. In line with convention, we instruct our scoring system to ignore the correctness of the logic used to reach the final answer and rather only judge the correctness of the final answer. The model is asked to label all non-sensical and incomplete responses as being incorrect. + +As a form of quality assurance, every scoring output for the Consistency@200 and Verification@200 figures depicted in Table 1 was manually compared against human scoring. No discrepancies between automated and human scoring were found on the MATH and AIME datasets for both Consistency@200 and Verification@200. No discrepancies were found on LiveBench Reasoning for Consistency@200. For Verification@200, one false positive (answer labeled by automated system as being incorrect but labeled by human as being correct) and one false negative (answer labeled by automated system as being correct but labeled by human as being incorrect) were identified on LiveBench Reasoning; three false positives and four false negatives were identified on LiveBench Math. For Consistency@200, two false negatives were identified on LiveBench Math. This means that LM scoring matched human scoring 99% of the time, and the choice of human versus automated scoring matters little to our results. + +23 + +## Prompt 1 + +You are an accurate and reliable automated grading system. Below are two solutions to a math exam problem: a solution written by a student and the solution from the answer key. Your task is to check if the student’s solution reaches a correct final answer. + +Your response should consist of three parts. First, after reading the question carefully, identify the final answer of the answer key’s solution. Second, identify the final answer of the student’s solution. Third, identify whether the student’s final answer is correct by comparing it to the answer key’s final answer. + +# The question, answer key, and student solution The math exam question: + +``` +``` +``` + +The question would be here. ````` + +The answer key solution: ````` + +The reference solution would be here. + +``` +``` +``` + +The student’s solution: ````` + +The candidate solution would be here. ````` + +# Your response format Please structure your response as follows. PROVIDE A COMPLETE RESPONSE. ````` + +# Answer Key Final Answer + +Identify the final answer of the answer key solution. That’s all you need to do here: just identify the final answer. + +A "final answer" can take many forms, depending on what the question is asking for; it can be a number (e.g., "37"), a string (e.g., "ABCDE"), a sequence (e.g., "2,3,4,5"), a letter (e.g., "Y"), a multiple choice option (e.g. "C"), a word (e.g., "Apple"), an algebraic expression (e.g. " _x_[2] + 37"), a quantity with units (e.g. "4 miles"), or any of a number of other options. If a solution concludes that the question is not answerable with the information provided or otherwise claims that there is no solution to the problem, let the final answer be "None". If the solution does not produce any final answer because it appears to be cut off partway or is otherwise non-sensical, let the solution’s final answer be "Incomplete solution" (this could only ever possibly happen with the student solution). YOUR RESPONSE HERE SHOULD BE BRIEF. JUST IDENTIFY WHAT THE QUESTION IS ASKING FOR, AND IDENTIFY THE ANSWER KEY’S FINAL ANSWER. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO ANSWER THE QUESTION OR EVALUATE INTERMEDIATE STEPS. + +# Student Solution Final Answer + +Identify the final answer of the student solution. + +YOUR RESPONSE HERE SHOULD BE BRIEF. JUST IDENTIFY WHAT THE QUESTION IS ASKING FOR, AND IDENTIFY THE STUDENT’S FINAL ANSWER. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO ANSWER THE QUESTION OR EVALUATE INTERMEDIATE STEPS. + +# Correctness + +Simply evaluate whether the student’s final answer is correct by comparing it to the answer key’s final answer. + +24 + +Compare the student’s final answer against the answer key’s final answer to determine if the student’s final answer is correct. + +* It does not matter how the student reached their final answer, so long as their final answer itself is correct. + +* It does not matter how the student formatted their final answer; for example, if the correct final answer is 7 _/_ 2 , the student may write ***3.5*** or three and a half or[14] . It does not matter 4 + +if the student’s final answer uses the same specific formatting that the question asks for, such as writing multiple choice options in the form "(E)" rather than "***E***". + +* It does not matter if the student omitted units such as dollar signs. + +* If the student solution appears to be truncated or otherwise incoherent, e.g. due to a technical glitch, then it should be treated as being incorrect. + +ONCE AGAIN, DO NOT EVALUATE INTERMEDIATE STEPS OR TRY TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM YOURSELF. THE ANSWER KEY IS ALWAYS RIGHT. JUST COMPARE THE FINAL ANSWERS. IF THEY MATCH, THE STUDENT ANSWER IS CORRECT. IF THEY DO NOT MATCH, THE STUDENT ANSWER IS INCORRECT. + +# Summary + +* Answer key final answer: (The final answer of the answer key solution. Please remove any unnecessary formatting, e.g. provide "3" rather than " 3 ", provide "E" rather than "***E***", provide "1, 2, 3" rather than "[1, 2, 3]", provide "4 ounces" rather than "4oz".) + +* Student final answer: (The final answer of the student’s solution. Please remove any unnecessary formatting, e.g. provide "3" rather than " 3 ", provide "E" rather than "***E***", provide "1, 2, 3" rather than "[1, 2, 3]", provide "4 ounces" rather than "4oz".) * Student final answer is correct?: (Does the student final answer match the answer key final answer? Please provide "true" or "false".) + +``` +``` +``` + +## Prompt 2 + +Please structure your output now as JSON, saying nothing else. Use the following format: ````` { "answer_key_final_answer": str (the final answer of the answer key solution; please remove any formatting"), "student_final_answer": str (the final answer of the student’s solution; please remove any formatting"), "student_final_answer_is_correct": true/false, } + +## **A.3 Implementation of Consistency@k** + +Consistency@k measures the performance of a model by evaluating the correctness of the most common answer reached by the model after being run _k_ times. An important consideration with implementing consistency@k is that there are many choices for the equivalence relation one can use to define “the most common answer”. We define two candidate responses as reaching the same answer if their final answer is the same. We determine a candidate response’s final answer by prompting a language model to identify the final answer from the candidate response; we then strip the extracted final answer of leading and trailing whitespace. We determine equivalence with a literal string match. After determining the most common final answer to a question, we use the string “The final answer is {final answer}” as the consistency@k response. Note that we could have instead randomly chosen a candidate response corresponding to the most common final answer, and used that selected response as the consistency@k response—we have found that, because our LM-based scoring system evaluates correctness using only the final answer, this + +25 + +alternative results in the same consistency@k metrics. + +## **A.4 Benchmark Evaluation Prompts** + +The benchmark performances reported in Table 7 are obtained with the following prompts. The following prompt is used for the comparison task. + +Comparison Task Prompt Part 1 + +Question here. + +Here are two solutions to the above question. You must determine which one is correct. Please think extremely carefully. Do not leap to conclusions. Find out where the solutions disagree, trace them back to the source of their disagreement, and figure out which one is right. Solution 1: + +First solution here. Solution 2: Second solution here. + +Comparison Task Prompt Part 2 + +Now summarize your response in a JSON format. Respond in the following format saying nothing else: { "correct_solution": 1 or 2 } + +The following prompt is used for the scoring task. + +Scoring Task Prompt Part 1 + +Question here. + +I include below a student solution to the above question. Determine whether the student solution reaches the correct final answer in a correct fashion; e.g., whether the solution makes two major errors that still coincidentally cancel out. Please be careful and do not leap to conclusions without first reasoning them through. + +Solution: Solution here. + +## Scoring Task Prompt Part 2 + +Now summarize your response in a JSON format. Respond in the following format saying nothing else: { "is_solution_correct": ’yes’ or ’no’ } + +26 + +## **B Additional Experiments** + +## **B.1 Temperature Tuning** + +After attempting temperature tuning on the training split of the MATH dataset, we found that the choices of temperatures _σ_ inf and _σ_ verif did not significantly affect performance. In Table 8 and Table 9, we compare the post-verification accuracy of our pipeline for various temperature choices. The Verification@20 figures are obtained without running tie-breaking and with only 20 verification attempts. + +|**Inference Temp** _σ_inf|**Pass@20**|**Consistency@20**|**Verifcation@20**| +|---|---|---|---| +|0.2|89/100|76/100|82/100| +|1.0|94/100|73/100|80/100| +|1.5|89/100|73/100|79/100| +|2.0|89/100|75/100|82/100| + + + +Table 8: Accuracy rates of the Gemini v1.5 Pro model on the training split of MATH using different methods of selecting from 20 generated responses and varying the temperature used to generate the responses. The temperature used for verification attempts is fixed at _σ_ verif = 1 _._ 0. Inference temperature does not significantly affect downstream performance. + +|**Verifcation Temp** _σ_verif|**Pass@20**|**Consistency@20**|**Verifcation@20**| +|---|---|---|---| +|0.2|89/100|73/100|76/100| +|1.0|89/100|73/100|79/100| +|2.0|89/100|73/100|79/100| + + + +Table 9: Accuracy rates of the Gemini v1.5 Pro model on the training split of MATH using different methods of selecting from 20 generated responses and varying the temperature used to for verification attempts. The temperature used for generating responses is fixed at _σ_ inf = 1 _._ 5. Verification temperature does not significantly affect downstream performance. + +## **B.2 Olympiad LiveBench Math Subtask** + +The one task for which we saw no lift from verification is the Olympiad questions from LiveBench MATH. These questions are not formatted as open-ended problems. Rather, they take a very specific form of asking one to fill in a pre-written proof from a menu of expression options, and to output a specific sequence of indices corresponding to these options. This is incompatible with our verification pipeline, which asks the verification model to rewrite candidate responses in a theorem-lemma format where the theorem states the final answer. For example, the final answer to the Olympiad question at the bottom of this section is the following sequence: + +19,32,20,2,14,1,27,21,31,36,3,30,5,16,29,34,7,4,6,18,15,22,9,25,28,35,26,8,13,24,23,17,33,11,10,12 . + +## Representative example of Olympiad task from LiveBench MATH + +You are given a question and its solution. The solution however has its formulae masked out using the tag where X indicates the identifier for the missing tag. You are also given a list of formulae in latex in the format " = latex code" where Y is the identifier + +27 + +for the formula. Your task is to match the formulae to the missing tags in the solution. Think step by step out loud as to what the answer should be. If you are not sure, give your best guess. Your answer should be in the form of a list of numbers, e.g., 5, 22, 3, ..., corresponding to the expression identifiers that fill the missing parts. For example, if your answer starts as 5, 22, 3, ..., then that means expression 5 fills , expression 22 fills , and expression 3 fills . + +The question is: Find all integers _n ≥_ 3 such that the following property holds: if we list the divisors of _n_ ! in increasing order as 1 = _d_ 1 _< d_ 2 _< · · · < dk_ = _n_ !, then we have + +**==> picture [174 x 11] intentionally omitted <==** + +Find all integers _n ≥_ 3 such that the following property holds: if we list the divisors of _n_ ! in increasing order as 1 = _d_ 1 _< d_ 2 _< · · · < dk_ = _n_ !, then we have + +**==> picture [174 x 10] intentionally omitted <==** + +The solution is: We can start by verifying that and _n_ = 4 work by listing out the factors of and . We can also see that does not work because the terms 15 _,_ 20, and 24 are consecutive factors of . Also, does not work because the terms , and 9 appear consecutively in the factors of . We can start by verifying that and work by listing out the factors of and 4!. We can also see that does not work because the terms 15 _,_ 20, and 24 are consecutive factors of 5!. Also, does not work because the terms , and 9 appear consecutively in the factors of . + +Note that if we have a prime number and an integer such that both _k_ and are factors of , then the condition cannot be satisfied. + +If is odd, then is a factor of . Also, is a factor of _n_ !. Since for all , we can use Bertrand’s Postulate to show that there is at least one prime number _p_ such that . Since we have two consecutive factors of and a prime number between the smaller of these factors and _n_ , the condition will not be satisfied for all odd . + +If is even, then (2)( _[n][−]_ 2[2][)(] _[n][ −]_[2)][=] _[n]_[2] _[−]_[4] _[n]_[ + 4][is][a][factor][of][.][Also,] ( _n −_ 3)( _n −_ 1) = _n_[2] _−_ 4 _n_ + 3 is a factor of . Since for all _n ≥_ 8, we can use Bertrand’s Postulate again to show that there is at least one prime number _p_ such that . Since we have two consecutive factors of and a prime number between the smaller of these factors and _n_ , the condition will not be satisfied for all even . + +Therefore, the only numbers that work are _n_ = 3 and . The formulae are: + +- _n_ = 6 + +- _n_ = 5 + +- 3! + +- _k_ + 1 + + - ... (omitted for brevity) + +28 + +- _n < p < n_[2] _−_ 4 _n_ + 3 + +- _p > n_ + +- _n < p < n_[2] _−_ 2 _n_ + +- _n_ = 4 + +Your final answer should be STRICTLY in the format: + +**Detailed reasoning** Answer: + +## **C Self-Verification Prompts** + +In this section we present the prompts used to query models to self-verify candidate responses. In Table 4, this corresponds to the “Main” prompt style. We also provide the prompts used for tie-breaking comparisons. These prompts are broken into multiple parts to encourage longer responses. + +## **C.1 Verification Scoring Prompts** + +Verification Prompt 1 + +[Commandments] Over the coming interactions, you must fulfill the following commandments: 1. *Be excruciatingly detailed and exhaustive in your analyses.* This will often mean that your responses will be long. Do not cut your responses short. When you are asked to fulfill a list of tasks, you must fulfill each and every task to completion. + +2. *Be structured and systematic in your responses*. Organize your thoughts in a clear hierarchical format. Use neutral, rigorous mathematical language to write things in your own words and avoid subjective descriptions. + +3. *Never put the cart before the horse.* Before making a claim or statements, always verbally reason out your chain of thought and convince yourself of it in an exhaustive fashion. Instead of saying "X is Y because Z", say "Consider Z. Therefore ..., meaning that X is Y.". Avoid premature conclusions. + +[Background] An examiner has presented a math problem along with a "candidate solution". Your purpose is to assist in evaluating whether the *final answer* in the candidate solution is correct. We will guide you through a series of exercises to fulfill this purpose. The question is a real exam problem, which means there is always one unique correct answer. Here is the math question. {} Here is the candidate solution. {} + +** Current Task ** Your task is to rewrite the candidate solution into a rigorous, structured format consistent with mathematical convention. You should rewrite the solution in your own words, and work out every step in exhaustive detail, allowing us to more easily check for errors down the line. As a starting point, you will first decompose the candidate solution into a list of self-contained *lemmas*. Later on, we will have you use your lemmas to rewrite the candidate solution in the following format: + +``` +\begin{theorem}...is\boxed{...}.\end{theorem} +\begin{proof}[ProofofTheorem]...\end{proof} +\begin{lemma}\label{...}...\end{lemma} +``` + +29 + +``` +\begin{proof}[ProofofLemma~\ref{...}]...\end{proof} +... +``` + +For now, focus only on identifying, structuring, and clearly defining each lemma without proofs. We will write proofs for these lemmas, and a proof for the final answer using these lemmas, at a later point in time. + +[Steelmanning] If you encounter any part of the candidate solution that seems incorrect or unclear, reason about it in your scratchpad. Explain your thought process to clarify your understanding. Consider whether there might be an alternative interpretation or if you could be overlooking or overcomplicating something. If, after reasoning through it, you still find it confusing, note in your scratchpad that this part may need to be revisited and proceed while treating the potentially problematic step as temporarily correct. At the current stage, we want to try to presume the candidate solution as being correct. Try your best to *steel man* the candidate solution. [Task Specifics] To ensure accuracy, you will decompose the candidate solution into self-contained *lemmas*. These lemmas will serve as building blocks, allowing us to reconstruct the candidate solution in a more rigorous and conventional mathematical format. + +[Steps to Follow] 1. **Initial Analysis**: Carefully read through the candidate solution and break it down into its primary steps. 2. **Lemma Identification**: Identify each logical segment of the candidate solution that could serve as a lemma. For each lemma: - **Scratchpad**: Before writing the lemma formally, record a brief scratchpad of thoughts outlining assumptions, conditions, and any definitions necessary to ensure the lemma is self-contained. This should help you catch potential errors or misapplications that might be subtle. Reason about how to write the lemma in a fashion - that allows for easy verification of both the lemma, and how the lemma is used in the final proof. **Lemma Statement**: After organizing your thoughts, write each lemma in a clear and rigorous manner. Ensure each lemma is isolated from others, so it does not depend on assumptions not explicitly stated within it. + +[Response Format] Structure your response as follows. + +``` +#Analyzingthesolution +``` + +``` +(Studythelanguageofthequestion,keepinganeyeoutforimportantdetails.) +(Identifythecandidatesolution'sfinalanswer.Workbackwardsthroughthe +solutiontoidentifytheintermediateclaimsthatledtothefinalanswer.) +(Proceedfromthebeginningofthecandidatesolution,workingforwardsto +identifythemainstepsofthesolution.) +``` + +``` +#Identifyinglemmas +``` + +``` +Scratchpad:[Reasonaboutwhatlemmayoushouldwrite.Reasonabouthowtoword +thestatementofthelemmatomakeiteasytoverifywhenthelemmaisbeingused +correctly.Reasonabouthowtowritethelemmainaself-containedfashion,and +whatdefinitionsandassumptionsareneeded.] +``` + +``` +\begin{lemma} +\label{lem:lemma_name} +[Statethelemmaformallyhere] +\end{lemma} +Scratchpad:... +\begin{lemma} +... +\end{lemma} +``` + +30 + +``` +... +``` + +## Verification Prompt 2 + +Now that you have structured the candidate solution into lemmas, you will proceed to rewrite the candidate solution in your own words. We will first have you write the *main proof for the final answer*. At the next round, I will ask you to write proofs for each lemma you identified. + +[Details on Writing a **Main Proof for Final Answer**] Write a rigorous "main proof" that directly addresses the candidate solution’s final answer. This proof should reference each lemma sequentially to logically reach the final answer. Ensure that the proof is rigorous and that each step explicitly relies on or follows from a lemma. Your goal is to work out every baby step of the proof in exhaustive detail, spelling out every tiny step, including even tiny details about arithmetic and algebraic manipulations. + +[Objective] Your rewrite of the candidate solution should be comprehensive and precise. Your goal is to write the candidate solution so that it is easy to verify whether it is correct or identify any errors at both the high and low levels. + +[Steelmanning] Once again, try to "steel man" the candidate solution. If you encounter any part of the candidate solution that seems incorrect or unclear, reason about it in your scratchpad and try to find an explanation; then proceed treating the potentially problematic step as correct. We want to try to presume the candidate solution as being correct for now. + +[Response Format] Structure your response as follows to ensure clarity. + +## `\begin{theorem}[Main Claim]` + +``` +(Writethemathquestionandfinalanswerasastatement.Forexample,"The +smallestnon-zerointegersis\boxed{1}.".Thisstatementshouldcontainall +informationfromthequestion,andbewritteninyourownwords.Ifitisnot +obvioushowtowritethestudentsolution'sfinalanswerasatheorem,youcan +simplyletthetheoremtaketheform:"{Question}?Theansweris{Answer}.") +\end{theorem} +``` + +``` +Scratchpad:(Reasonabouthowyouwillwritethemainproof.) +\begin{proof} +``` + +``` +(Provideaproofofthefinalresult.Remembertoexplicitlyreferencelemmasvia +\ref{lem:lemma_name}.) +``` + +``` +\end{proof} +``` + +## Verification Prompt 3 + +Your task is now to provide proofs for each and every lemma you identified in the candidate solution. [Details on Writing **Lemma Proofs**] For each lemma, write a detailed and thorough proof of the lemma. Each proof should methodically use the assumptions, definitions, and conditions in the lemma’s statement to verify the conclusion. This proof should be rigorous and work out every baby step in exhaustive detail, spelling out every tiny step, including even tiny details about arithmetic and algebraic manipulations. Remember that you may encounter a lemma that "builds" on other lemmas, in that it uses the other lemmas to prove its claim. In these cases, you should have already written the lemma so that it incorporates those other lemmas as "assumptions", so that you do not need to replicate the work. If this is not the case, please revise the lemma statement accordingly. + +31 + +[Objective] Your rewrite of the candidate solution should be comprehensive and precise. Your goal is to write the candidate solution so that it is easy to verify whether it is correct or identify any errors at both the high and low levels. + +[Steelmanning] Once again, try to "steel man" the candidate solution. If you encounter any part of the candidate solution that seems incorrect or unclear, reason about it in your scratchpad and try to find an explanation; then proceed treating the potentially problematic step as correct. We want to try to presume the candidate solution as being correct for now. + +[Response Format] Structure your response as follows to ensure clarity and rigor. You must provide proofs for all lemmas. Do not skip any lemmas, defer any writing to the future, or leave any proofs incomplete. You must return full proofs for every lemma; I am an automated system and unable to handle incomplete responses. You will not have a chance to finish your response later. Provide a complete response. + +``` +\begin{lemma} +\label{...} +... +\end{lemma} +Scratchpad:(Reasonabouthowyouwillwritethelemmaproof.) +\begin{proof} +(Provideaproofofthelemma.) +\end{proof} +...(repeatforEVERYlemma) +``` + +## Verification Prompt 4 + +Now we will proceed to analyzing the correctness of each suspicious claim. For each item in the claim: 1. Check if the candidate solution’s final answer indeed depends on the claim. This step is important to rule out false positives where the candidate solution makes a False claim, but the claim does not really affect the final answer so it’s Falsity does not result in an actual error in the final answer. If this check is failed, i.e. the final answer does not depend on the claim, then discard this claim and continue to the next suspicious claim. 2. Check that you are unable to prove the suspicious claim is True. Do this by trying to prove the suspicious claim. You can make multiple attempts. If you are able to prove the suspicious claim, meaning that the suspicious claim is correct, then discard this claim and continue to the next suspicious claim. 3. Check that the claim is False by proving a corrected alternative version of the claim. If you are unable to do this, continue to the next suspicious claim. 4. Correct this suspicious claim in the candidate solution and determine the corrected final answer in a step-by-step manner. If the final answer changes or correcting this error invalidates the candidate solution’s proof approach, mark this suspicious claim as a "fatal error". At the end, say **Yes** if you found a fatal error. Otherwise, say **No, final answer is correct**. + +## Verification Prompt 5 + +Now we will proceed to analyzing the correctness of the candidate solution. We have two goals: identify if there is an error, and if there is an error, repair the candidate solution and identify whether the final answer has changed. For now, we will focus on methodically combing through the candidate solution and checking each step for a potential error. + +32 + +[Steps to Follow] You will proceed through the candidate solution, one baby step at a time. In your exhaustive investigation of the solution, you will first form a short list of potential errors. Each entry in this list should be written as a self-contained, standalone mathematical claim that the candidate solution relies on being correct, but which you find suspicious upon first inspection. After forming this list, you will then proceed to validate each potential error by performing a detailed error validation check. + +* Main Proof * For now, focus on the main proof. Assume that every lemma, as written, is correct. Step through the main proof of the candidate solution in exhaustive detail to find potential errors. Do this by first proceeding through the main proof one sentence (or other reasonable unit of content) at a time. Quote the part of the proof you are at. Then add a discussion where you try to elaborate on that part and verify every baby step made in that unit of the proof. Then repeat this for the next unit of the proof until you have gone through (quoted and analyzed) each part of the proof. You should structure your output like + +## `> Quoted part of the proof` + +``` +Youranalysisanddetaileddiscussionverifyingeverysmallthing,e.g.redoing +everybabystep,checkingassumptions,rephrasingthingstomakesuretheysound +correcttoyou,etc.Makesureyoudoublechecktheexactlanguageofthe +questionandtheexactlanguageofthelemmasused. +>Nextquotedpartoftheproof +``` + +``` +... +``` + +Then, write down in a bullet point list any potential errors you find in the main proof. Before each bullet point, write a scratchpad that verbalizes: your thought process and—upon finding an error—your thought process for writing the erroneous step as a self-contained mathematical claim. Try to be selective and only include things that you consider likely to be errors. You should structure your output like + +``` +Scratchpad:... +``` + +``` +*... +Scratchpad:... +*... +... +``` + +## Verification Prompt 6 + +You are now to verify the proof of each and every lemma. You must verify all lemmas in this conversation turn; you will not have another chance. + +* * Lemma ... Proof (repeat this for each lemma) Follow the same procedure as before. First, step through the lemma proof one sentence (or other reasonable unit of content) at a time. Quote the part of the proof you are at. Then add a discussion where you try to elaborate on that part and verify every baby step made in that unit of the proof. Then repeat this for the next unit of the proof until you have gone through (quoted and analyzed) each part of the proof. Then, write down in a bullet point list any potential errors you find in the lemma proof. Before each bullet point, write a scratchpad that verbalizes: your thought process and—upon finding an error—your thought process for writing the erroneous step as a self-contained mathematical claim. Try to be selective and only include things that you consider likely to be errors. Structure your response as + +33 + +follows. + +``` +#ReviewofLemma... +##Steppingthrough +>Quotedpartoftheproof +Youranalysisanddetaileddiscussionverifyingeverysmallthing,e.g.redoing +everybabystep,checkingassumptions,rephrasingthingstomakesuretheysound +correcttoyou,etc.Makesureyoudoublechecktheexactlanguageofthelemma's +claim. +>Nextquotedpartoftheproof +##Potentialerrors +Scratchpad:... +*... +Scratchpad:... +*... +... +``` + +## Verification Prompt 7 + +Now we will proceed to analyzing the correctness of each suspicious claim. For each item in the claim: 1. Check if the candidate solution’s final answer indeed depends on the claim. This step is important to rule out false positives where the candidate solution makes a False claim, but the claim does not really affect the final answer so it’s Falsity does not result in an actual error in the final answer. If this check is failed, i.e. the final answer does not depend on the claim, then discard this claim and continue to the next suspicious claim. 2. Check that you are unable to prove the suspicious claim is True. Do this by trying to prove the suspicious claim. You can make multiple attempts. If you are able to prove the suspicious claim, meaning that the suspicious claim is correct, then discard this claim and continue to the next suspicious claim. 3. Check that the claim is False by proving a corrected alternative version of the claim. If you are unable to do this, continue to the next suspicious claim. 4. Correct this suspicious claim in the candidate solution and determine the corrected final answer in a step-by-step manner. If the final answer changes or correcting this error invalidates the candidate solution’s proof approach, mark this suspicious claim as a "fatal error". At the end, say **Yes** if you found a fatal error. Otherwise, say **No, final answer is correct**. + +## Verification Prompt 8 + +I want you to now, in the style of the *rewritten solution* (i.e., in the theorem-lemma format I had you rewrite the original solution in), write an improved solution that does the following: 1) It corrects any errors you found in the original solution (only if you ended up finding an error). If you do not know how to fix the error, then just write the step you are unsure about as an "Assumption (to be revisited later)", making it clear that the proof is not complete and needs that step to be filled in. 2) It clarifies ambiguities or fills in gaps in the original solution that led you to suspect errors (even if the suspicion was not ultimately substantiated). We want your improved solution to be clear enough that future readers would not have to work through the same worries you did. 3) It adopts the thoroughness, structured format, exhaustive detail, and rigor of your rewritten version of the solution. + +34 + +I have included again the original question and original solution below for your reference. {}{} For now, I want you to brainstorm how to write the revised solution. Do not yet proceed to writing the solution. Structure your response as follows. Do not cut your response short. You have unlimited space. + +``` +#Whaterrorsneedtobecorrected? +Discussindetail,inastep-by-stepmanner,whaterrorsyoufoundinthe +originalsolutionandhowyouplantocorrectthem. +``` + +``` +Ifyoufoundnoerrorspreviously,notesoandcontinuetothenextsection. +#Whichambiguitiesneedtobeclarifiedorgapsneedtobefilled? +Discussindetail,inastep-by-stepmanner,whatambiguitiesorgapsyouplanto +clarify. +``` + +``` +Drawonourpreviousexchangesexplicitly.Recallwhatwerepotentialpointsof +confusionduringthisverificationprocess. +``` + +``` +#ActionPlan +``` + +``` +Preparearoughbattleplanforhowyouwillwritetheimprovedsolution.Note +thatitwillprobablybelongerthanyouoriginalsolution,givenallofthe +revisionsyouhaveplanned.Sothisisjusttoplanoutthemainparts,and +thingstokeepaneyeoutfor. +``` + +## Verification Prompt 9 + +Now, I want you to write your improvement of the original solution. You must provide the entirety of your solution and nothing else. This message will be copy pasted to an external system, so your response must be complete and self-contained. Do not shorten anything. Provide it to me exactly and in its entirety. Remember to say nothing else and structure your output as follows, wrapped in tripe quotes and saying nothing else. + +## **C.2 Comparison Prompts** + +Comparison Prompt 1 + +Your job is to answer a difficult math question. I will provide you with two solutions written by my students. These two solutions disagree over what the answer should be. Both solutions may potentially have minor errors, even if one indeed reaches the final answer despite the minor flaws. You will be given a series of instructions, over multiple interactions, that will guide you through discerning the correct final answer. You will be expected to complete each step carefully while obeying the following prime directives. + +1. Always provide complete responses. Never shorten your responses. You are allocated 10,000 tokens per-response. Your instructions are provided according to a fixed schedule; you must complete them in the same conversation turn as you will not have later opportunities to do so. + +2. Speak carefully. Always reason in a step-by-step chain-of-thought manner. Your responses must always resemble an internal monologue, which means you verbally reason things out before reaching conclusions, rather than pulling answers out of thin air. + +3. Be rigorous. Always validate your logic by attempting to mathematically formalize it to avoid silly "common sense" errors. Always work out mathematical steps in small baby steps, even seem- + +35 + +ingly obvious arithmetic or algebraic manipulations. + +4. Backtrack when you have made a mistake. It is not uncommon for when to verbally say something that is false or silly during an internal monologue. Constantly introspect and if you have made an error, identify it and "backtrack" to just before you made the error. + +5. Never claim that anything is incorrect or wrong or right or correct. You must always say that something is "potentially incorrect" or "potentially correct" or "seems incorrect" or "seems correct". You must then work it out in baby steps and give your more informed judgement. But you will never say that something is correct or right or wrong. + +# The Question {} + +# The First Solution {} + +# The Second Solution {} + +# Your current Task Examine the first solution. Focus for now on just reading through the main proof and each lemma’s statement. You must read through the main proofs and lemma statements in a meticulous sentence-by-sentence manner. For now, you do not need to read through the lemma proofs in detail. Though later on, if we have questions arise about particular lemmas, you will need to review the lemma proof carefully. In addition, I want you to narrate your process of reading through each proof. This means that, while you read through a solution, you must always quote the part of the solution that you are currently reading. Then, under your quote, provide your mental process. Here are some questions that you should keep top of mind: What is the approach being taken by the solution? What are the main leaps in logic? How does the solution try to be rigorous? Structure your response as follows: + +``` +#MainProof +``` + +``` +>"Quoteofthesentenceyouarereading." +``` + +``` +Yourthoughtprocess.Discussthequote.Perhapscompareittoasentencein +anothersolutionthatisdoingthesameexactthing.Perhapsnotethatitdoesa +fairlycomplexalgebraicmanipulation,andspendaminutetodouble-checkitby +workingitoutinbaby-steps.Ifitreferencesalemma,discussthelemma's +statement,howit'sbeingused,andwhyit'sallowedtobeusedinthisway. +>"Quoteofnextsentence..." +``` + +``` +... +``` + +``` +#Lemma1 +``` + +``` +... +``` + +``` +(continuethroughtheENTIRERESTOFTHESOLUTION) +``` + +Remember you only need to do this for the first solution for now. You must provide a complete response. You must go through the entire solution line by line. Ignore character limits and do not cut your response short. Do not cut your response short, you will not get another chance. + +## Comparison Prompt 2 + +Do the same for the second solution. Again, be meticulous and adopt the same output format. + +36 + +## Comparison Prompt 3 + +Identify similarities and disagreements between the first solution and the second solution. Do not yet judge which side is right; merely try to be investigative about: what are the sources of these disagreements? You must continue to "quote" any solution parts that you reference. Remember your mandates: + +1. Always provide complete responses. Never shorten your responses. You are allocated 10,000 tokens per-response. Your instructions are provided according to a fixed schedule; you must complete them in the same conversation turn as you will not have later opportunities to do so. + +2. Speak carefully. Always reason in a step-by-step chain-of-thought manner. Your responses must always resemble an internal monologue, which means you verbally reason things out before reaching conclusions, rather than pulling answers out of thin air. + +3. Be rigorous. Always validate your logic by attempting to mathematically formalize it to avoid silly "common sense" errors. Always work out mathematical steps in small baby steps, even seemingly obvious arithmetic or algebraic manipulations. + +4. Backtrack when you have made a mistake. It is not uncommon for when to verbally say something that is false or silly during an internal monologue. Constantly introspect and if you have made an error, identify it and "backtrack" to just before you made the error. + +5. Never claim that anything is incorrect or wrong or right or correct. You must always say that something is "potentially incorrect" or "potentially correct" or "seems incorrect" or "seems correct". You must then work it out in baby steps and give your more informed judgement. But you will Never say that something is correct or right or wrong.. + +Be extremely careful with respect to the exact wording of the question: {} + +Remember: you must be humble and careful in your judgements. Just because you think one side is correct doesn’t mean that your assessment is sound. Always keep an open mind. Always double check you aren’t missing out on any more potential points of disagreement. Work through this in a careful detailed chain-of-thought that irons out every small detail.. + +Structure your responses into the following sections. Each section must be a lengthy, detailed, well-structured investigation. + +``` +#IdentifyDisagreements +``` + +``` +Readingthrougheachsolution,identifyasmanyasplacesaspossiblewherethe +solutionsdiffer.Bemeticulousandformadetailedlist. +``` + +``` +#AttributeDisagreements +``` + +``` +Foreachdisagreement,trytotracethedisagreementbacktoearlierplacesin +therespectiveproofs.Whatarethepointsatwhichthesolutionsbeginto +diverge?Canweguessattherootcausesofthedisagreements?Coulditbe +becausethesolutionsdisagreeoverhowtointerpretthequestion?Coulditbe +becausetheydisagreeaboutwhatapproachtotake?Coulditbebecausethe +solutionsreachadifferentcalculation?CAREFULLYpouroversolutionsfromboth +sides.Thisdetectiveworkmustbecarefulandmethodicalanddetailedand +exhaustive. +``` + +You must provide your full response. Ignore character limits. Do not cut your response short. Obey my instructions exactly. + +37 + +## Comparison Prompt 4 + +Conduct detailed analysis to try and understand why the solutions reach different final answers. Do not yet judge who is right. Do they disagree on how to read the question? Do they just happen to take very different mathematical approaches? Do they diverge at a particular logical step or calculation? You must continue to "quote" any solution parts that you reference. Remember your mandates: + +1. Always provide complete responses. Never shorten your responses. You are allocated 10,000 tokens per-response. Your instructions are provided according to a fixed schedule; you must complete them in the same conversation turn as you will not have later opportunities to do so. + +2. Speak carefully. Always reason in a step-by-step chain-of-thought manner. Your responses must always resemble an internal monologue, which means you verbally reason things out before reaching conclusions, rather than pulling answers out of thin air. + +3. Be rigorous. Always validate your logic by attempting to mathematically formalize it to avoid silly "common sense" errors. Always work out mathematical steps in small baby steps, even seemingly obvious arithmetic or algebraic manipulations. + +4. Backtrack when you have made a mistake. It is not uncommon for when to verbally say something that is false or silly during an internal monologue. Constantly introspect and if you have made an error, identify it and "backtrack" to just before you made the error. + +5. Never claim that anything is incorrect or wrong or right or correct. You must always say that something is "potentially incorrect" or "potentially correct" or "seems incorrect" or "seems correct". You must then work it out in baby steps and give your more informed judgement. But you will never say that something is correct or right or wrong. + +Be extremely careful with respect to the exact wording of the question: {} + +Remember: you must be humble and careful in your judgements. Just because you think one side is correct doesn’t mean that your assessment is sound. Always keep an open mind. Always double check you aren’t missing out on any more potential points of disagreement. Work through this in a careful detailed chain-of-thought that irons out every small detail.. You are NOT to judge which side is correct, for now. + +Structure your responses into the following sections. Each section must be a lengthy, detailed, well-structured investigation. + +## `# Crystallize Approaches` + +``` +Ifthetwosetsofsolutionsdifferinapproach,itcanbehardtojudgewhich +sideiscorrectaboutthefinalanswersinceyoucannoteasilycomparethe +solutionsofeach.However,evenifyoucannotdirectlycomparethesteps,you +cantrytofind"intermediate"pointsofdisagreement.Thatis,aspartoftheir +respectivearguments,twosolutionsthatusecompletelydifferentapproachesmay +makecontradictingsubclaimsthatyoucaninvestigateinmoredetail.These +disagreementsmaypointyoutowhereoneapproachhasa"mistake"initsproof. +Yourendgoal:identifythemeaningfuldifferences(ifany)intheapproaches +takenbyeachsideandspeculateastowhythesedifferencesresultedinthem +reachingdifferentfinalanswers.Remember:youmustbehumbleandcarefulin +yourjudgements.Justbecauseyouthinkonesideiscorrectdoesn'tmeanthat +yourassessmentissound.Alwayskeepanopenmind.Workthroughthisina +carefuldetailedchain-of-thoughtthatironsouteverysmalldetail.. +#CrystallizeDisagreements +``` + +38 + +``` +Foreachdisagreement,youmustnowcollectevidencefrombothsides.Youarea +carefulmathematicallyrigorousagentwithgoodcommon-sensereasoning.Tryto +useyourcommonsenseandrigourtoworkthrougheachside'sevidence.Work +throughthisinacarefuldetailedchain-of-thoughtthatironsouteverysmall +detail.. +``` + +You must provide your full response. Ignore character limits. Do not cut your response short. Obey my instructions exactly. + +## Comparison Prompt 5 + +You must now determine which of the two solutions reaches the correct final answer. Do not leap to judgement. First, carefully consider the sources of the solutions disagreement over the final answer. Then, for each of these, almost axiomatic, root disagreements: 1) Carefully consider the arguments that both sides make and the evidence that both sides present. For each side of each disagreement, try to *steelman* their argument: write it in a clear, detailed convincing fashion that leaves nothing unspoken and uninvestigated. 2) Use your own common sense and mathematical skills to try and rule on which side is right. Do not leap to judgement. Be careful, rigorous, meticulous and don’t forget common sense. Finally, carefully reason through what the correct solution should be and which side reached the correct final answer. Be meticulous. Structure your response as follows. This must be more detailed and rigorous than all your previous responses, since this is a careful process. + +``` +#RecallKeyDisagreements +... +#Disagreement1 +##SteelmanningEachSide +... +##RulingOnASide +... +#WhichSideIsRight? +... +``` + +You must provide your full response. Ignore character limits. Do not cut your response short. Obey my instructions exactly. + +## **D Examples of Benchmark Entries** + +## **D.1 Example Entry from LiveBench Reasoning** + +## Question + +In this question, assume each person either always tells the truth or always lies. The person at the campground thinks their friend is lying. Mateo is at the aquarium. The person at the restaurant says the person at the hotel lies. Farid is at the movie theater. The person at the movie theater says the person at the campground lies. Ryan is at the shopping mall. The person at the cafe says + +39 + +the person at the campground lies. The person at the observatory says the person at the museum lies. The person at the museum says the person at the restaurant tells the truth. The person at the campground says the person at the airport tells the truth. The person at the campground tells the truth. Luna is at the restaurant. The person at the movie theater saw a firetruck. Isabella is at the observatory. The person at the amusement park says the person at the museum tells the truth. The person at the restaurant says the person at the shopping mall tells the truth. Liam is at the beach. Ayaan is at the airport. The person at the restaurant says the person at the beach tells the truth. Maya is at the amusement park. The person at the restaurant says the person at the aquarium lies. The person at the restaurant says the person at the movie theater lies. The person at the library says the person at the campground tells the truth. Elowen is at the hotel. Priya is at the library. The person at the gym says the person at the restaurant tells the truth. Kehinde is at the cafe. Anika is at the museum. Quan is at the campground. Soren is at the gym. Does the person at the museum tell the truth? Does the person at the restaurant tell the truth? Does the person at the movie theater tell the truth? Think step by step, and then put your answer in **bold** as a list of three words, yes or no (for example, **yes, no, yes**). If you don’t know, guess. + +## Correct response + +## Incorrect Response + +Here’s how we can break down this logic puzzle: + +1. **Quan is at the campground and tells the truth.** This is a given fact. + +2. **Quan (at the campground) says the person at the airport tells the truth.** Since Quan tells the truth, the person at the airport (Ayaan) tells the truth. + +3. **The person at the movie theater (Farid) says the person at the campground (Quan) lies.** Since Quan tells the truth, Farid is lying. + +4. **The person at the restaurant (Luna) says the person at the hotel (Elowen) lies.** We don’t know yet if Luna is lying or telling the truth. + +5. **The person at the museum (Anika) says the person at the restaurant (Luna) tells the truth.** We still don’t know if either of them are truthful. + +6. **The person at the restaurant (Luna) says the person at the shopping mall (Ryan) tells the truth.** We still don’t know Luna’s truthfulness. + +7. **The person at the restaurant (Luna) says the person at the beach (Liam) tells the truth.** Luna’s truthfulness remains un- + +Here’s how we can solve this logic puzzle: 1. **Quan is at the campground and tells the truth.** This is given. + +2. **The person at the airport (Ayaan) tells the truth.** Quan (campground) says the person at the airport tells the truth, and Quan tells the truth. + +3. **Anika (museum) lies.** The person at the observatory (Isabella) says the person at the museum lies. Since we don’t know yet whether Isabella tells the truth, this doesn’t tell us anything about Anika. We’ll have to come back to this. + +4. **Luna (restaurant) lies.** The person at the restaurant says the person at the hotel (Elowen) lies. Later, the person at the restaurant says the person at the campground (Quan) lies. Since Quan tells the truth, Luna (restaurant) must be lying. + +5. **Anika (museum) lies.** Because Luna lies, and Luna says that the person at the hotel lies, Elowen tells the truth. Because Anika says the person at the restaurant (Luna) tells the truth, and Luna actually lies, Anika (Museum) must lie. + +6. **Farid (movie theater) lies.** The person at the movie theater says the person at the + +40 + +known. + +8. **The person at the restaurant (Luna) says the person at the aquarium (Mateo) lies.** We still don’t know about Luna. + +9. **The person at the restaurant (Luna) says the person at the movie theater (Farid) lies.** We know Farid lies, so Luna is telling the truth in *this* statement. + +campground lies. Since Quan (campground) tells the truth, Farid (movie theater) must be lying. Therefore: + +* **Anika (museum): lies** * **Luna (restaurant): lies** * **Farid (movie theater): lies** **Answer: no, no, no** + +10. **Since Luna tells the truth about Farid, Luna *always* tells the truth.** This unlocks several other pieces of information. + +11. **Luna (at the restaurant) says the person at the hotel (Elowen) lies.** Since Luna tells the truth, Elowen lies. + +12. **Anika (at the museum) says the person at the restaurant (Luna) tells the truth.** Since Luna tells the truth, Anika is also telling the truth. + +13. **The person at the cafe (Kehinde) says the person at the campground lies.** Since Quan tells the truth, Kehinde is lying. Therefore: + +* **Anika (museum):** Tells the truth. * **Luna (restaurant):** Tells the truth. * **Farid (movie theater):** Lies. **yes, yes, no** + +## **D.2 Example Entry from LiveBench Math** + +## Question + +How many positive perfect squares less than 2023 are divisible by 5? **(A)** 11 **(B)** 10 **(C)** 9 **(D)** 12 **(E)** 8 If you cannot determine the correct multiplechoice answer, take your best guess. Once you have your answer, please duplicate that letter five times in a single string. For example, if the answer is F, then write FFFFF. + +## Correct response + +## Incorrect Response + +Let _n_ be a positive perfect square divisible by 5. Then _n_ = _k_[2] for some positive integer _k_ , and 5 _|n_ , which implies that 5 _|k_[2] . Since 5 is a prime number, 5 _|k_[2] means 5 _|k_ . Thus, _k_ must be a multiple of 5, i.e., _k_ = 5 _m_ for some positive integer _m_ . Then _n_ = _k_[2] = + +Let _n_ be a positive integer such that _n_[2] is divisible by 5. Then _n_[2] is divisible by 5. Since 5 is a prime number, _n_ must also be divisible by 5. Thus _n_ can be written in the form _n_ = 5 _k_ for some integer _k_ . We want to find how many positive perfect squares _n_[2] are less than + +41 + +(5 _m_ )[2] = 25 _m_[2] . Thus _n_ must be a multiple of 25. We are looking for the number of positive perfect squares less than 2023 that are divisible by 5. The perfect squares that are divisible by 5 must be multiples of 25. We seek the number of multiples of 25 that are perfect squares less than 2023. Since _n_ = 25 _m_[2] _<_ 2023, we have _m_[2] _<_[2023] 25 _≈_ 80 _._ 92. Thus, we are looking for perfect squares _m_[2] less than 80 _._ 92. The perfect squares are 1 _,_ 4 _,_ 9 _,_ 16 _,_ 25 _,_ 36 _,_ 49 _,_ 64 _,_ 81 _, . . ._ . The perfect squares less than 80 _._ 92 are _m_[2] = 1 _,_ 4 _,_ 9 _,_ 16 _,_ 25 _,_ 36 _,_ 49 _,_ 64. There are 8 such values. The corresponding values of _n_ = 25 _m_[2] are 25(1) = 25 25(4) = 100 25(9) = 225 25(16) = 400 25(25) = 625 25(36) = 900 25(49) = 1225 25(64) = 1600 The next multiple of 25 that is a perfect square would be 25(81) = 2025, which is not less than 2023. So, there are 8 perfect squares less than 2023 that are divisible by 5. Final Answer: The final answer is _EEEEE_ + +2023. Since _n_ = 5 _k_ , we have _n_[2] = (5 _k_ )[2] = 25 _k_[2] _<_ 2023. Dividing by 25 we get + +**==> picture [90 x 24] intentionally omitted <==** + +We are looking for integer values of _k_ such that _k_[2] _<_ 80 _._ 92. Since _k_ must be positive, _k_ can take values 1 _,_ 2 _,_ 3 _, . . ._ . We have + +**==> picture [85 x 11] intentionally omitted <==** + +**==> picture [90 x 170] intentionally omitted <==** + +Thus _k_ can take values from 1 to 8. The corresponding _n_ values are _n_ = 5 _k_ = 5 _,_ 10 _,_ 15 _,_ 20 _,_ 25 _,_ 30 _,_ 35 _,_ 40. The perfect squares less than 2023 and divisible by 5 are 5[2] _,_ 10[2] _,_ 15[2] _,_ 20[2] _,_ 25[2] _,_ 30[2] _,_ 35[2] _,_ 40[2] or 25 _,_ 100 _,_ 225 _,_ 400 _,_ 625 _,_ 900 _,_ 1225 _,_ 1600. There are 8 such numbers. Final Answer: The final answer is _C_ CCCC + +## **D.3 Example Entry from MATH** + +## Question + +If 4 daps = 7 yaps, and 5 yaps = 3 baps, how many daps equal 42 baps? + +**==> picture [500 x 86] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Correct response Incorrect Response
Let ’d’ represent daps, ’y’ represent yaps, and Let ’d’ represent daps, ’y’ represent yaps, and
’b’ represent baps. We are given: 4 daps = 7 ’b’ represent baps. We are given two relation-
yaps, which can be written as: 4d = 7y ships:
and
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +42 + +5 yaps = 3 baps, which can be written as: 5y = 3b + +We want to find the number of daps that are equal to 42 baps. Let ’x’ be the number of daps. We want to find x such that: xd = 42b From 5y = 3b, we can express yaps in terms of baps: y = (3/5)b + +Now substitute this value of y into the first equation, 4d = 7y: 4d = 7 * (3/5)b 4d = (21/5)b + +We want to find xd = 42b, so we can set: xd = 42b + +We have 4d = (21/5)b, so we can solve for d: d = (21/20)b + +Now substitute this into xd = 42b: x * (21/20)b = 42b Since b is not zero, we can divide both sides by b: x * (21/20) = 42 Now, solve for x: x = 42 * (20/21) x = (42/21) * 20 x = 2 * 20 x = 40 So, 40 daps are equal to 42 baps. 40 Final Answer: The final answer is 40 + +1. 4 daps = 7 yaps, which can be written as 4 _d_ = 7 _y_ 2. 5 yaps = 3 baps, which can be written as 5 _y_ = 3 _b_ + +We want to find how many daps are equal to 42 baps. We want to find _d_ in terms of _b_ , and then evaluate for _b_ = 42. + +First, we can find the relationship between yaps and baps from the second equation: 5 _y_ = 3 _b_ , so _y_ = 5[3] _[b]_ + +Now, substitute this expression for _y_ in terms of _b_ into the first equation: 4 _d_ = 7 _y_ 4 _d_ = 7 � 35 _[b]_ � 4 _d_ =[21] 5 _[b]_ Now, we want to find _d_ in terms of _b_ , so divide both sides by 4: _d_ = 5[21] _·_ 4 _[b][d]_[ =][21] 20 _[b]_ Finally, we want to find how many daps equal 42 baps, so we substitute _b_ = 42: _d_ = 20[21] _[×]_[42] _d_ =[21] 20 _[×]_[42] _d_ =[882] 20 _[d]_[ =][441] 10 _[d]_[ = 44] _[.]_[1] So, 44.1 daps equal 42 baps. Final Answer: The final answer is 44 _._ 1 + +## **D.4 Example of Response with Invalid Reasoning but Correct Final Answer** + +## Question + +You have seven bags of gold coins. Each bag has the same number of gold coins. One day, you find a bag of 53 coins. You decide to redistribute the number of coins you have so that all eight bags you hold have the same number of coins. You successfully manage to redistribute all the coins, and you also note that you have more than 200 coins. What is the smallest number of coins you could have had before finding the bag of 53 coins? + +## Incorrect Response Reaching Correct Final Answer + +Let _n_ be the number of coins in each of the seven bags. After finding the bag of 53 coins, you have a total of 7 _n_ + 53 coins. You redistribute these coins into 8 bags such that each bag contains the same number of coins. Therefore, the total number of coins is divisible by 8, so 7 _n_ + 53 is divisible by 8. 7 _n_ + 53 _≡_ 0 (mod 8). We want to find _n_ . 7 _n ≡−_ 53 (mod 8). Since _−_ 53 _≡−_ 53 + 8(7) _≡ −_ 53 + 56 _≡_ 3 (mod 8), we have 7 _n ≡_ 3 (mod 8). + +Since 7 _≡−_ 1 (mod 8), we multiply both sides by _−_ 1 to get _−n ≡−_ 7 _n ≡−_ 3 (mod 8), so _n ≡−_ 3 _≡_ 5 (mod 8). Thus _n_ must be of the form 8 _k_ + 5 for some integer _k ≥_ 0. The total number of coins originally was 7 _n_ . Since _n_ = 8 _k_ + 5, the total number of coins originally is 7(8 _k_ + 5) = 56 _k_ + 35. We are given that the total number of coins is greater than 200. So 7 _n >_ 200, or _n >_[200] 7 _[≈]_[28] _[.]_[57.] Since _n_ = 8 _k_ + 5, we want the smallest integer _k_ such that 8 _k_ + 5 _>_[200] 7[.][For] _[k]_[=][0,] _[n]_[=][5,][so] + +43 + +7 _n_ = 35 _<_ 200. For _k_ = 1, _n_ = 13, so 7 _n_ = 91 _<_ 200. For _k_ = 2, _n_ = 21, so 7 _n_ = 147 _<_ 200. For _k_ = 3, _n_ = 29, so 7 _n_ = 203 _>_ 200. + +We check that 7 _n_ + 53 = 203 + 53 = 256 which is divisible by 8 (256 = 8 _×_ 32). Then 256 _/_ 8 = 32 coins in each bag. + +Thus the smallest number of coins you could have had before finding the bag is 7 _n_ = 7(29) = 203. Final Answer: The final answer is 203 . + +## **E Examples of Rewritten Responses** + +## **E.1 AIME Example** + +## Question + +Find the number of rectangles that can be formed inside a fixed regular dodecagon ( 12 -gon) where each side of the rectangle lies on either a side or a diagonal of the dodecagon. The diagram below shows three of those rectangles. [asy] unitsize(0.6 inch); for(int i=0; i<360; i+=30) dot(dir(i), 4+black); draw(dir(i)–dir(i+30)); draw(dir(120)–dir(330)); filldraw(dir(210)–dir(240)–dir(30)– dir(60)–cycle, mediumgray, linewidth(1.5)); draw((0,0.366)–(0.366,0), linewidth(1.5)); [/asy] + +## Correct Answer + +The solution is 315 . + +## Candidate Response + +Let the vertices of the regular dodecagon be labeled as _V_ 1 _, V_ 2 _, . . . , V_ 12. Each side of the rectangle lies on either a side or a diagonal of the dodecagon. + +Consider two parallel diagonals (or sides). They determine the sides of the rectangle parallel to them. We need to choose two parallel diagonals (or sides) to form a rectangle. + +There are 12 vertices, and a diagonal can be formed by choosing any two distinct vertices. The number of diagonals and sides is �122 � = 12 _×_ 2 11 = 66. However, there are 12 sides. So there are 66 _−_ 12 = 54 diagonals. Two parallel diagonals or sides can be drawn as follows: 1. Diagonals 12 parallel to sides: 12 sides so 12 _/_ 2 = 6 pairs 2. Diagonals spanning 2 vertices: � 4 � _/_ 2 sets of 4 vertices, so we divide by 2 to get distinct pairs. �124 � _/_ 2 = 124 _··_ 311 _·_ 2 _··_ 101 _·_ 2 _·_ 9[= 495] _[/]_[2,][which is not an integer.] Something is wrong. The pairs of diagonals can only be separated by 1 _,_ 2 _,_ 3 _,_ 4 _,_ 5 vertices on either side. Let _n_ be the number of vertices. For _n_ = 12, 1 vertex apart: 12 diagonals. There are 12 _/_ 2 = 6 pairs. 2 vertices apart: 12 diagonals. 12 _/_ 2 = 6 pairs 3 vertices apart: 12 diagonals. 12 _/_ 2 = 6 pairs. 4 vertices apart: 12 diagonals. 12 _/_ 2 = 6 pairs. 5 vertices apart: 12 diagonals. 12 _/_ 2 = 6 pairs. So there are 5 _×_ 6 + 6 pairs of parallel diagonals, which is 36 pairs. Number of rectangles is the number of pairs of parallel segments, including sides. For a regular _n_ -gon, the number of pairs of parallel diagonals or sides is _n⌊_ ( _n −_ 1) _/_ 2 _⌋_ . For _n_ = 12, it’s 12(5) = 60 segments. For each length, there are 12 diagonals. Length can range from 1 side to 5 sides. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = �124 � = 495. Consider 12 sides as 12 possible segments. Parallel to each are 5 lengths of segments. So total parallel segments 12 _·_ 5 + 12 _/_ 2 = 60 + 6 = 66, incorrect. Each vertex pairs with 5 other vertices giving the same direction. So we have 12 _×_ 5 _/_ 2 = 30 pairs of directions. Given one pair of parallel directions, we can choose 6 segments in that direction. So 6[2] = 36 possibilities. 30 _×_ 36 = 1080. + +44 + +12 We are forming � 4 � = 495 parallelograms. However, we are considering parallel segments. The number of rectangles is 12 _×_ 5 _×_ (12 _/_ 2). Number of rectangles is[12][2][(][12] 4 _[−]_[1][)] 12 12[= 594][for][each][parallelogram][594] _[/]_[3 = 198.][198] . Final Answer: The final answer is 198 + +Rewritten Candidate Response + +**Theorem 1** (Main Claim) **.** _The number of rectangles that can be formed inside a fixed regular dodecagon, where each side of the rectangle lies on either a side or a diagonal of the dodecagon, is_ 198 _._ + +_Proof._ By Lemma 2, a regular dodecagon has 12 sides. By Lemma 3, a regular dodecagon has �122 � _−_ 12 = 12 _×_ 2 11 _−_ 12 = 66 _−_ 12 = 54 diagonals. By Lemma 4, two line segments formed by connecting vertices of a dodecagon are considered parallel under certain conditions. + +The candidate solution calculates a value of 594. By Lemma 6, this value is obtained by calculating 12[2] (12 _−_ 1) 1 1 4 2 2[.] + +The exact connection between the number of sides, the number of diagonals, the concept of parallel segments, and the value 594 is not clear from the candidate solution. However, according to Lemma 7, the final answer of 198 is obtained by dividing 594 by 3. Therefore, we perform this division: 594 _/_ 3 = 198. + +Thus, the candidate solution concludes that the number of rectangles is 198. + +**Lemma 2.** _A regular n-gon has n sides._ + +_Proof._ An _n_ -gon is defined as a polygon with _n_ sides. A regular _n_ -gon is also a polygon with _n_ sides. Therefore, a regular _n_ -gon has _n_ sides. + +**Lemma 3.** _A regular n-gon has_ � _n_ 2� _− n diagonals._ + +_Proof._ A regular _n_ -gon has _n_ vertices. Any two distinct vertices can be connected by a line segment. The number of ways to choose 2 vertices out of _n_ is given by the combination formula � _n_ 2� = _n_ ( _n_ 2 _−_ 1) . The sides of the _n_ -gon are formed by connecting adjacent vertices. There are _n_ such pairs of adjacent vertices, corresponding to the _n_ sides of the _n_ -gon. A diagonal is a line segment connecting two non-adjacent vertices. Therefore, the number of diagonals is the total number of pairs of vertices minus the number of sides: � _n_ 2� _−n_ = _n_ ( _n_ 2 _−_ 1) _−n_ . + +**Lemma 4.** _Let D be a regular dodecagon. Two line segments formed by connecting vertices of D are considered parallel if they are either coincident sides of D, or if they are distinct and are both parallel to some side of D._ + +_Proof._ This lemma is a definition, so no proof is required. + +**Lemma 5.** _Let D be a regular dodecagon. The number of unordered pairs of parallel segments formed by connecting vertices of D (including sides) is denoted by P ._ + +_Proof._ This lemma is a definition, introducing the variable _P_ to represent the number of unordered pairs of parallel segments. No proof is required. + +**Lemma 6.** _The value 594 is obtained via the calculation_[12][2][(][12] 4 _[−]_[1][)] 12 12 _[.]_ + +45 + +1 1 _Proof._ We evaluate the expression:[12][2][(][12] 4 _[−]_[1][)] 2 2[=][144] 4 _[×]_[11] _×_[1] 4[=][1584] 16[=][792] 8[=][396] 4[=][198] 2[= 99] _[×]_[1] 2 _[×]_[1] 2 Evaluating[144] 16 _[×]_[11] yields[1584] 16[= 99.][However,][99] _[ ×]_[1] 4[=][99] 4[= 594.][The][expression][provided][appears] to have a calculation error, giving 99 instead of 594. The candidate solution has made a calculation error. 12[2] (12 _−_ 1) = 144 _∗_ 11 = 1584. 1584 _/_ 4 = 396. 396 _/_ 2 = 198. 198 _/_ 2 = 99. The calculation gives 99, not 594. + +**Lemma 7.** _The candidate solution’s final answer is obtained by dividing 594 by 3._ + +_Proof._ Dividing 594 by 3, we get 594 _/_ 3 = 198. + +## **E.2 LiveBench Reasoning Example** + +## Question + +In this question, assume each person either always tells the truth or always lies. Elowen is at the hotel. Max is at the park. Grace is at the ice skating rink. The person at the barbershop says the person at the library tells the truth. Charlie is at the library. Tala is at the campground. Farid is at the theater. The person at the hotel saw a firetruck. The person at the vineyard says the person at the campground lies. The person at the farm says the person at the movie theater lies. The person at the movie theater says the person at the park lies. The person at the park says the person at the hotel tells the truth. The person at the hotel says the person at the library tells the truth. Jaxon is at the skate park. Theo is at the barbershop. The person at the airport tells the truth. The person at the bowling alley thinks their neighbor is telling the truth. The person at the ice skating rink says the person at the bowling alley tells the truth. Anika is at the airport. The person at the bookstore says the person at the vineyard lies. The person at the campground says the person at the movie theater tells the truth. The person at the restaurant says the person at the campground tells the truth. The person at the theater says the person at the park lies. Hiroshi is at the school. Zara is at the bowling alley. The person at the bowling alley says the person at the school tells the truth. The person at the park thinks their neighbor is telling the truth. The person at the skate park lies. The person at the bowling alley saw a firetruck. The person at the observatory lies. Liam is at the restaurant. The person at the library says the person at the observatory tells the truth. The person at the bowling alley says the person at the vineyard lies. Beatriz is at the observatory. Priya is at the movie theater. Nia is at the farm. Ryan is at the vineyard. Isabella is at the bookstore. Does the person at the ice skating rink tell the truth? Does the person at the bowling alley tell the truth? Does the person at the vineyard tell the truth? Think step by step, and then put your answer in **bold** as a list of three words, yes or no (for example, **yes, no, yes**). If you don’t know, guess. + +## Correct Answer + +_yes, yes, no_ + +## Candidate Response + +Here’s how we can break down this logic puzzle: + +1. **Start with a known truth-teller or liar:** Jaxon is at the skate park and lies. + +46 + +2. **Use Jaxon’s lie to find more information:** Since Jaxon lies, the person at the bowling alley, Zara, *cannot* be telling the truth. Zara says the person at the school tells the truth, but Zara is lying so Hiroshi at the school lies. Zara also says the person at the vineyard lies. Since Zara lies, Ryan at the vineyard must tell the truth. + +3. **Focus on the vineyard:** Ryan, a truth-teller at the vineyard, says Tala at the campground lies. + +4. **Follow Tala’s lie:** Tala lies and says the person at the movie theater tells the truth. This means Priya at the movie theater *lies*. + +5. **Use Priya’s lie:** Priya at the movie theater lies and says Max at the park lies. Therefore, Max tells the truth. + +6. **Use Max’s truth:** Max at the park tells the truth and says Elowen at the hotel tells the truth. + +7. **Use Elowen’s truth:** Elowen tells the truth and says the person at the library tells the truth. This means Charlie at the library tells the truth. + +8. **Use Charlie’s truth:** Charlie tells the truth and says Beatriz at the observatory lies. This is confirmed by Jaxon’s lie - meaning two people lie, therefore Liam at the restaurant lied and Tala lied (so Ryan is truthful) therefore so is Isabella. And Charlie who said that Beatriz lied. + +9. **Grace and Zara:** Grace at the ice skating rink says Zara at the bowling alley tells the truth. Since Zara lies, Grace also lies. + +Therefore: * Grace (ice skating rink) lies. * Zara (bowling alley) lies. * Ryan (vineyard) tells the truth. **no, no, yes** + +## Rewritten Candidate Response + +**Theorem 8** (Main Claim) **.** _Given the set of statements made by individuals located at different places, where each individual either always tells the truth or always lies, determine whether Grace (ice skating rink), Zara (bowling alley), and Ryan (vineyard) tell the truth. The answer is: Grace lies, Zara lies, Ryan tells the truth._ + +_Proof._ By Lemma 9, Jaxon lies. Given that Jaxon lies, by Lemma 10, Zara lies. Since Jaxon lies, and Zara lies, by Lemma 12, Ryan tells the truth. Since Zara lies, and Grace says Zara tells the truth, by Lemma 19, Grace lies. + +Therefore, Grace lies, Zara lies, and Ryan tells the truth. This corresponds to the answer **no, no, yes**. + +## **Lemma 9.** _Jaxon lies._ + +_Proof._ The problem states "The person at the skate park lies." The problem also states "Jaxon is at the skate park." Therefore, Jaxon lies. + +## **Lemma 10.** _If Jaxon lies, then Zara lies._ + +_Proof._ The problem states "The person at the bowling alley thinks their neighbor is telling the truth." Zara is at the bowling alley. Jaxon is Zara’s neighbor at the skate park. If Jaxon lies, then Zara must believe a lie, implying Zara lies. + +47 + +**Lemma 11.** _If Zara lies, and Zara says Hiroshi tells the truth, then Hiroshi lies._ + +_Proof._ Zara lies, and Zara says Hiroshi tells the truth. Since Zara lies about Hiroshi telling the truth, Hiroshi must lie. + +**Lemma 12.** _If Zara lies, and Zara says Ryan lies, then Ryan tells the truth._ + +_Proof._ Zara lies, and Zara says Ryan lies. Since Zara lies about Ryan lying, Ryan must tell the truth. + +**Lemma 13.** _If Ryan tells the truth, and Ryan says Tala lies, then Tala lies._ + +_Proof._ Ryan tells the truth, and Ryan says Tala lies. Since Ryan tells the truth about Tala lying, Tala must lie. + +**Lemma 14.** _If Tala lies, and Tala says Priya tells the truth, then Priya lies._ + +_Proof._ Tala lies and says Priya tells the truth. Since Tala lies about Priya telling the truth, Priya must lie. + +**Lemma 15.** _If Priya lies, and Priya says Max lies, then Max tells the truth._ + +_Proof._ Priya lies and says Max lies. Since Priya lies about Max lying, Max must tell the truth. + +**Lemma 16.** _If Max tells the truth, and Max says Elowen tells the truth, then Elowen tells the truth._ + +_Proof._ Max tells the truth, and Max says Elowen tells the truth. Since Max tells the truth about Elowen telling the truth, Elowen tells the truth. + +**Lemma 17.** _If Elowen tells the truth, and Elowen says Charlie tells the truth, then Charlie tells the truth._ + +_Proof._ Elowen tells the truth and says Charlie tells the truth. Since Elowen tells the truth about Charlie telling the truth, Charlie tells the truth. + +**Lemma 18.** _If Charlie tells the truth, and Charlie says Beatriz lies, then Beatriz lies._ + +_Proof._ Charlie tells the truth and says Beatriz lies. Since Charlie tells the truth about Beatriz lying, Beatriz lies. + +**Lemma 19.** _If Zara lies, and Grace says Zara tells the truth, then Grace lies._ + +_Proof._ Zara lies, and Grace says Zara tells the truth. Since Grace claims the liar Zara tells the truth, Grace lies. + +48 + diff --git a/docs/papers/2502.03275v2.md b/docs/papers/2502.03275v2.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b9edf2c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/papers/2502.03275v2.md @@ -0,0 +1,673 @@ +# **Token Assorted: Mixing Latent and Text Tokens for Improved Language Model Reasoning** + +**DiJia Su**[1] **Hanlin Zhu**[* 2] **Yingchen Xu**[* 1 3] **Jiantao Jiao**[2] **Yuandong Tian** _[†]_[1] **Qinqing Zheng** _[†]_[1] + +## **Abstract** + +Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reasoning and planning when trained on chainof-thought (CoT) data, where the step-by-step thought process is explicitly outlined by text tokens. However, this results in lengthy inputs where many words support textual coherence rather than core reasoning information, and processing these inputs consumes substantial computation resources. In this work, we propose a hybrid representation of the reasoning process, where we partially abstract away the initial reasoning steps using latent discrete tokens generated by VQ-VAE, significantly reducing the length of reasoning traces. We explore the use of latent trace abstractions in two scenarios: 1) training the model from scratch for the Keys-Finding Maze problem, 2) fine-tuning LLMs on this hybrid data with an extended vocabulary including unseen latent tokens, for both logical and mathematical reasoning problems. To facilitate effective learning, we introduce a simple training procedure that randomly mixes latent and text tokens, which enables fast adaptation to new latent tokens. Our approach consistently outperforms the baselines methods in various benchmarks, such as Math (+4.2%, Llama-3.2-1B), GSM8K (+4.1%, Llama3.2-3B), and Fresh-Gaokao-Math-2023 (+13.3%, Llama-3.1-8B) with an average reduction of 17% in reasoning trace’s length. + +## **1 Introduction** + +Reasoning capabilities are increasingly recognized as a critical component of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) systems. Recent research has demonstrated that Large Lan- + +*Equal contribution _†_ Equal advising 1Meta AI 2UC Berkeley 3UCL. Correspondence to: DiJia Su, Yuandong Tian, Qinqing Zheng. + +_Proceedings of the 42[nd] International Conference on Machine Learning_ , Vancouver, Canada. PMLR 267, 2025. Copyright 2025 by the author(s). + +guage Models (LLMs) can exhibit sophisticated reasoning and planning abilities using chain-of-thought (CoT) methodologies, including prompting LLMs with examples where complex problems are broken down into explicit reasoning steps (Wei et al., 2022b; Chen et al., 2022a; Yao et al., 2024). More recently, a number of studies have further shown that when models are trained to articulate the intermediate steps of a reasoning process (Nye et al., 2021b; Lehnert et al., 2024), they achieve significantly higher accuracy. The effectiveness of this approach has been demonstrated across multiple domains, including mathematical problem-solving (Yue et al., 2023; Gandhi et al., 2024; Yu et al., 2023; Su et al., 2025; Tong et al., 2024), logical inference (Lin et al., 2024; Dziri et al., 2024), multistep planning tasks (Lehnert et al., 2024; Su et al., 2024), etc. + +However, training with explicit reasoning traces in text space comes with notable computational costs (Deng et al., 2023; 2024), as the models must process lengthy input sequences. In fact, much of the text serves primarily to maintain linguistic coherence, rather than conveying core reasoning information. Several works have attempted to mitigate this issue. For example, Hao et al. (2024) investigate reasoning in continuous latent space as a means of compressing the reasoning trace, and Deng et al. (2024) explore internalizing the intermediate steps through iterative CoT eliminations, see Section 2 for more examples. Nonetheless, these approaches rely on multi-stage training procedures that resemble curriculum learning, which still incur significant computational costs, and their final performances fall behind models trained with complete reasoning traces. + +To tackle this challenge, we propose to use discrete latent tokens to abstract the initial steps of the reasoning traces. These latent tokens, obtained through a vectorquantized variational autoencoder (VQ-VAE), provide a compressed representation of the reasoning process by condensing surface-level details. More precisely, we replace the text tokens with their corresponding latent abstractions from left to right until a pre-set location, leaving the remaining tokens unchanged. We then fine-tune LLMs with reasoning traces with such _assorted tokens_ , allowing the models to learn from both abstract representations of the thinking process and detailed textual descriptions. One technical + +1 + +**Token Assorted: Mixing Latent and Text Tokens for Improved Language Model Reasoning** + +challenge posed for the fine-tuning is that the vocabulary is now extended and contains unseen latent tokens. To facilitate quick adaptation to those new tokens, we employ a _randomized replacement_ strategy: during training, we randomly vary the number of text tokens being substituted by latent tokens for each sample. Our experiments confirm that this simple strategy leads to straightforward accommodation of unseen latent tokens. + +We conduct a comprehensive evaluation of our approach on a diverse range of benchmarks spanning multiple domains. Specifically, we assess its performance on multistep planning tasks (Keys-Finding Maze) and logical reasoning benchmarks (ProntoQA (Saparov & He, 2022), ProsQA (Hao et al., 2024)) for training T5 or GPT-2 models from scratch. In addition, we fine-tune different sizes of LLama-3.1 and LLama-3.2 models using our approach and evaluate them on a number of mathematical reasoning benchmarks, including GSM8K (Cobbe et al., 2021a), Math (Hendrycks et al., 2021), and OlympiadBenchMath (He et al., 2024), see Section 4.2 for more details. Across all these tasks and model architectures, our models consistently outperform baseline models trained with textonly reasoning traces, demonstrating the effectiveness of compressing the reasoning process with assorted tokens. + +## **2 Related Work** + +**Explicit Chain-of-Thought Prompting.** The first line of work in Chain-of-Thought (CoT) use the traditional chain of prompt in text tokens (Wei et al., 2022a; Nye et al., 2021a). Research works demonstrated that by adding few-shot examples to the input prompt or even zero-shot, the model can perform better in question answering (Chen et al., 2022b; Kojima et al., 2022; Chung et al., 2024). To further improve the model reasoning performance, there has been research effort into prompting with self-consistency (Wang et al., 2022). Here the model is prompted to generate multiple responses and select the best one based on majority voting. On the other hand, research has shown that top- _k_ alternative tokens in the beginning of the prompt can also improve the model’s reasoning capability (Wang & Zhou, 2024). On top of these empirical results, there has been research on theoretical understanding of why CoT improves the model’s performance through the lens of expressivity (Feng et al., 2024; Li et al., 2024) or training dynamics (Zhu et al., 2024). In a nutshell, CoT improves the model’s effective depth because the generated output is being fed back to the original input. CoT is also important for LLMs to perform multi-hop reasoning according to the analysis of training dynamics (Zhu et al., 2024). + +**Learning with CoT Data.** In addition to the success of CoT prompting, an emerging line of works have explored + +training LLMs on data with high-quality reasoning traces, for example, the works of Nye et al. (2021b); Azerbayev et al. (2023); Lehnert et al. (2024); Su et al. (2024); Yu et al. (2024); Yang et al. (2024); Deng et al. (2023; 2024). There is also a surge of interest in synthesizing datasets with diverse intermediate steps for solving problems in various domains, see, e.g., the works of Kim et al. (2023); Tong et al. (2024); Yu et al. (2023); Yue et al. (2023); Lozhkov et al. (2024). Wen et al. (2024) also theoretically studies how training with reasoning trace can improve the sample complexity of certain tasks. + +**LLM Reasoning in Latent Space.** There has been research investigating LLM reasoning in the latent space. Hao et al. (2024) have proposed to use the last hidden state of a language model as the next input embeddings, allowing the model to continue reasoning within a continuous latent space. The authors show that this approach effectively captures multiple reasoning paths simultaneously, mimicking a breadth-first-search strategy. Goyal et al. (2023) proposes to insert learnable pause tokens into the original text, in order to delay the generation. As a result, the model can leverage additional computation before providing the final answer. Parallel to this, Pfau et al. (2024) have explored filler tokens, which are used to solve computational tasks that are otherwise unattainable without intermediate token generation. In addition, Liu et al. (2024) propose a latent coprocessor method that operates on the transformer’s keyvalue cache to improve the LLM performance. Nevertheless, none of these methods have shown good performance when integrated into modern-sized LLMs and tested on real-world LLM datasets instead of synthetic ones. Also, Wang et al. (2023) proposed to use the planning token at the start of generation. Orthogonal to these works, Pagnoni et al. (2024) proposes a tokenization-free architecture that encodes input bytes into continuous patch representations, which is then used to train a latent Transformer, and Barrault et al. (2024) perform autoregressive sentence prediction in an embedding space. While these two works both leverage continuous latent spaces, our work focuses on the direct use of discrete latent tokens. + +## **3 Methodology** + +In this section, we describe our methodology to enable LLMs to reason with discrete latent tokens. The notations are summarized in Appendix B. Let _X_ = _P ⊕ C ⊕ S_ denote a sample input, where _P_ = ( _p_ 1 _, p_ 2 _, . . . , ptp_ ) are the prompt tokens, _C_ = ( _c_ 1 _, c_ 2 _, . . . , ctc_ ) are the reasoning step (chain-of-thought) tokens, _S_ = ( _s_ 1 _, s_ 2 _, . . . , sts_ ) are the solution tokens, and _⊕_ denotes concatenation. Our training procedure consists of two stages: + +## 1. **Learning latent discrete tokens to abstract the rea-** + +2 + +**Token Assorted: Mixing Latent and Text Tokens for Improved Language Model Reasoning** + +**==> picture [315 x 131] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+(
X Prompt CoT 1 CoT 2… CoT 32 CoT 33 … CoT N Solution
Prompt [boLatent] z1 z2 [eoLatent] CoT 33 … CoT N Solution
[boLatent] [eoLatent] Special delimiters that encode the start / end of the latent tokens
z Discrete latent tokens
CoT N The n-th CoT textual tokens
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +Figure 3.1: An example illustrating our replacement strategy. With chunk size _L_ = 16 and compression rate _r_ = 16, we encode 32 textual CoT tokens into 2 discrete latent tokens from left to right. The other CoT tokens will remain in their original forms. + +**soning steps** , where we train a model to convert _C_ into a sequence of latent tokens _Z_ = ( _z_ 1 _, z_ 2 _, . . . , ztz_ ) such that _tz < tc_ . The compression rate _r_ = _tc/tz_ controls the level of abstraction. + +2. **Training the LLM with a partial and high-level abstract of the reasoning steps** , where we construct a modified input _X_[�] by replacing the first _m_ tokens of _C_ by the corresponding latent abstractions: + +**==> picture [200 x 15] intentionally omitted <==** + +Figure 3.1 illustrates this replacement strategy. We randomize the value of _m_ during training. + +## **3.1 Learning Latent Abstractions** + +We employ a vector-quantized variable autoencoder (VQVAE) (Van Den Oord et al., 2017) type of architecture to map CoT tokens _C_ into discrete latent tokens _Z_ . To enhance abstraction performance, our VQ-VAE is trained on the whole input sequence _X_ , but only applied to _C_ in the next stage. Following Jiang et al. (2022; 2023), we split _X_ into chunks of length _L_ and encode each chunk into _[L] r_[latent] codes, where _r_ is a preset compression rate. More precisely, our architecture consists of the following five components: + +- _E_ : a codebook containing _|E|_ vectors in R _[d]_ . + +- _f_ enc : _V[L]_ a R _[d][×]_ ~~_~~ _[L] r_ that encodes a sequence of _Lx_ ¯1 _, . . . ,_ text tokens ¯ _x L_ to _[L] r_[latent][is the vocabulary of text tokens.][embedding][vectors] _[X]_[¯][=] _r_[, where] _[ V]_ + +- • _q_ : R _[d]_ se : the quantization operator that replaces the encoded embedding _x_ ¯ by the nearest neighbor in _E_ : _q_ (¯ _x_ ) = argmin _ei∈E ∥ei − x_ ¯ _∥_[2] 2[.] + +- _g_ : _V[K]_ > R _[d]_ that maps _K_ text tokens to a _d_ - dimensional embedding vector. We use _g_ to generate a continuous embedding of the prompt _P_ . + +**==> picture [183 x 144] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Prompt CoT Solution
Codebook
ung; —_ —— ea" …
|
CLEPTTT En
Reconstructed X
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +Figure 3.2: A graphical illustration of our VQ-VAE. _f_ enc encodes the text tokens into latent embeddings, which are quantized by checking the nearest neighbors in the codebook. _f_ dec decodes those quantized embeddings back to text tokens. When applying the VQ-VAE to compress the text tokens, the discrete latent tokens _Z_ are essentially the index of corresponding embeddings in the codebook. + +- _f_ dec : R _[d][×]_ ~~~~~ _[L] r ×_ R _[k]_ > Vy _L_ that decodes latent embeddings back to text tokens, conditioned on prompt embedding. + +In particular, each continuous vector _e ∈E_ in the codebook has an associated latent token _z_ , which we use to construct the latent reasoning steps _Z_[1] . + +For simplicity, we assume the lengths of the input _X_ and the prompt _P_ are _L_ and _K_ exactly. Similar to Van Den Oord ~~——~~ 1To decode a latent token _z_ , we look up the corresponding embedding _e ∈E_ and feed it to _f_ dec. + +3 + +**Token Assorted: Mixing Latent and Text Tokens for Improved Language Model Reasoning** + +et al. (2017), we use an objective _L_ composed of 3 terms: + +**==> picture [226 x 65] intentionally omitted <==** + +where _X_[¯] = _f_ enc( _X_ ), sg[ _·_ ] is the stop-gradient operator, and _β_ is a hyperparameter controlling the strength of the commitment loss. The VQ loss and the commitment loss ensure that the encoder outputs remain close to the codebook, while the reconstruction loss concerns with the decoding efficacy. As standard for VQ-VAE, we pass the gradient _∇f_ dec( _L_ ) unaltered to _f_ enc directly as the quantization operator _q_ ( _·_ ) is non-differentiable. Figure 3.2 illustrates our architecture. In practice, we use a causal Transformer for both _f_ enc and _f_ dec, the model details are discussed in Appendix A. + +Thus far we obtain a latent representation both semantically meaningful and conducive to reconstruction, setting the stage for the subsequent training phase where the LLM is trained to perform reasoning with abstractions. + +## **3.2 Reasoning with Discrete Latent Tokens** + +In this second stage, we apply the obtained VQ-VAE to form modifed samples _X_[�] with latent abstractions as in Equation (1), then train an LLM to perform next token prediction. Below, we outline the major design choices that are key to our model’s performance, and ablate them in Section 4.3. + +**Partial Replacement** . Unlike previous planning works (Jiang et al., 2022; 2023) that project the whole input sequence onto a compact latent space, we only replace _m < tc_ CoT tokens with their latent abstractions, leaving the remaining tokens unchanged. We delimit the latent tokens by injecting a special and tokens to encapsulate them. + +**Left-to-Right (AR) Replacement** . We replace the leftmost _m_ tokens of _C_ , rather than subsampling tokens at different locations. + +**Mixing Samples with Varying Values of** _m_ . For finetuning an existing LLM on the reasoning dataset with latent tokens, one remarkable challenge is to deal with the extended vocabulary. As the LLM is pretrained with trillions of tokens, it is very hard for it to quickly adapt to tokens (and corresponding embeddings) beyond the original vocabulary. Previous works that aim to replace or eliminate CoT tokens (Deng et al., 2024; Hao et al., 2024) employ a multistage curriculum training approach, where those operations are gradually applied to the entire input sequence. In the context of our approach, this means we increase the values of _m_ in each stage until it reaches a pre-set cap value. However, such training procedure is complex and compu- + +tationally inefficient, where dedicated optimization tuning is needed. In this work, we employ a simple single stage training approach where the value of _m_ is randomly set for each sample. Surprisingly, this not only makes our training more efficient, but also leads to enhanced performance. + +Note that we use a VQVAE with a size of 50M, adding minimal parameter overhead. In addition, it is used only once during data preparation (to convert training data into discrete latent code), not during LLM training or inference. During inference, the LLM directly generates latent tokens without any use of VQVAE. + +## **4 Experiments** + +We empirically evaluate our approach on two categories of benchmarks: + +- **(1)** Synthetic datasets including the Keys-Finding Maze, ProntoQA (Saparov & He, 2022), and ProsQA (Hao et al., 2024), where we pretrain T5 or GPT-2 models from scratch using the method in Section 3; + +- **(2)** Real-world mathematic reasoning problems, where we fine-tune Llama models (Dubey et al., 2024) on the MetaMathQA (Yu et al., 2023) or the DartMATH (Tong et al., 2024) dataset, and then test on indomain datasets Math and GSM-8K, along with out-ofdomain datasets including Fresh-Gaokao-Math-2023, DeepMind-Math, College-Math, OlympiaBench-Math, and TheoremQA. + +The detailed setup is introduced in Section 4.1. + +We compare our approach to the following baselines: + +**Sol-Only** : the model is trained with samples that only contains questions and solutions, without any reasoning steps; **CoT** : the model is trained with samples with complete CoT tokens; + +**iCoT** (Deng et al., 2024): a method that utilizes curriculum learning to gradually eliminate the need of CoT tokens in reasoning; + +**Pause Token** (Goyal et al., 2023): a method that injects a learnable pause token into the sample during training, in order to offer extra computation before giving out the final answer. + +## **4.1 Benchmarks** + +## 4.1.1 SYNTHETIC BENCHMARKS + +**Keys-Finding Maze** is a complex navigation environment designed to evaluate an agent’s planning capabilities. The agent is randomly positioned within a maze comprising 4 3 _×_ 3 interconnected rooms, with the objective of reaching a randomly placed goal destination. To successfully reach + +4 + +**Token Assorted: Mixing Latent and Text Tokens for Improved Language Model Reasoning** + +the destination, the agent must collect keys (designated with green, red, and blue colors) that correspond to matching colored doors. These keys are randomly distributed among the rooms, requiring the agent to develop sophisticated planning strategies for key acquisition and door traversal. The agent is only allowed to take one key at a time. This environment poses a substantial cognitive challenge, as the agent must identify which keys are necessary for reaching the destination, and optimize the order of key collection and door unlocking to establish the most efficient path to the goal. Following Lehnert et al. (2024); Su et al. (2024), we generate intermediate search traces using the nondeterministic A* algorithm (Hart et al., 1968). The dataset contains 100k training samples. See Appendix A.2 for more information and graphical illustrations. + +**ProntoQA** (Saparov & He, 2022) is a dataset consists of 9000 logical reasoning problems derived from ontologies - formal representations of relationships between concepts. Each problem in the dataset is constructed to have exactly one correct proof or reasoning path. One distinctive feature of this dataset is its consistent grammatical and logical structure, which enables researchers to systematically analyze and evaluate how LLMs approach reasoning tasks. + +**ProsQA** (Hao et al., 2024) is a more difficult benchmark building on top of ProntoQA. It contains 17,886 logical problems curated by randomly generated directed acyclic graphs. It has larger size of distracting reasoning paths in the ontology, and thus require more complex reasoning and planning capabilities. + +differential equations, and so on. They are designed to evaluate how well the language model can handle complicated mathematical reasoning problems in different field of study. + +- **DeepMind-Math** (Saxton et al., 2019) consists of 1000 problems based on the national school math curriculum for students up to 16 years old. It examines the basic mathematics and reasoning skills across different topics. + +- **OlympiaBench-Math** (He et al., 2024) is a text-only English subset of Olympiad-Bench focusing on advanced level mathematical reasoning. It contains 675 highly difficult math problems from competitions. + +- **TheoremQA** (Chen et al., 2023) contains 800 problems focuses on solving problems in STEM fields (such as math, physics, and engineering) using mathematical theorems. + +- **Fresh-Gaokao-Math-2023** (Tang et al., 2024) contains 30 math questions coming from Gaokao, or the National College Entrance Examination, which is a national standardized test that plays a crucial role in the college admissions process. + +## **4.2 Main Results** + +We employ a consistent strategy for training VQ-VAE and replacing CoT tokens with latent discrete codes across all our experiments, as outlined below. The specific model architecture and key hyperparameters used for LLM training are presented alongside the results for each category of benchmarks. All the other details are deferred to Appendix A. + +## 4.1.2 MATHEMATICAL REASONING + +We fine-tune pretrained LLMs using the MetaMathQA (Yu et al., 2023) or the Dart-MATH (Tong et al., 2024) dataset. MetaMathQA is a curated dataset that augments the existing Math (Hendrycks et al.) and GSM8K (Cobbe et al., 2021b) datasets by various ways of question bootstrapping, such as (i) rephrasing the question and generating the reasoning path; (ii) generating backward questions, self-verification questions, FOBAR questions (Jiang et al., 2024), etc. This dataset contains 395k samples in total, where 155k samples are bootstrapped from Math and the remaining 240k come from GSM8K. We rerun the MetaMath data pipeline by using Llama-3.1-405B-Inst to generate the response. DartMATH (Tong et al., 2024) also synthesizes responses for questions in Math and GSM8K, with the focus on difficult questions via difficulty-aware rejection tuning. For evaluation, we test the models on the original Math and GSM8K datasets, which are in-domain, and also the following outof-domain benchmarks: + +- **College-Math** (Tang et al., 2024) consists of 2818 collegelevel math problems taken from 9 textbooks. These problems cover over 7 different areas such as linear algebra, + +**VQ-VAE Training** For each benchmark, we train a VQVAE for 100k steps using the Adam optimizer, with learning rate 10 _[−]_[5] and batch size 32. We use a codebook of size 1024 and compress every chunk of _L_ = 16 tokens into a single latent token (i.e., the compression rate _r_ = 16). + +**Randomized Latent Code Replacement** We introduce a stochastic procedure for partially replacing CoT tokens with latent codes. Specifically, we define a set of predetermined numbers _M_ = _{_ 0 _,_ 72 _,_ 128 _,_ 160 _,_ 192 _,_ 224 _,_ 256 _}_ , which are all multipliers of _L_ = 16. For each training example, we first sample _m_ max _∈M_ then sample an integer _m ∈_ [0 _,_ 16 _,_ 32 _, . . . , m_ max] uniformly at random. The first _m_ CoT tokens are replaced by their corresponding latent discrete codes, while the later ones remain as raw text. This stochastic replacement mechanism exposes the model to a wide range of latent-text mixtures, enabling it to effectively learn from varying degrees of latent abstraction. + +## 4.2.1 SYNTHETIC BENCHMARKS + +**Hyperparameters and Evaluation Metric** For our experiments on the ProntoQA and ProsQA datasets, we fine-tune + +5 + +**Token Assorted: Mixing Latent and Text Tokens for Improved Language Model Reasoning** + +|**Model**|**Keys-Finding Maze**
1-Feasible-10 (%)
Num. Tokens|**ProntoQA**
Accuracy
Num. Tokens|**ProntoQA**
Accuracy
Num. Tokens|**ProsQA**
Accuracy
Num. Tokens| +|---|---|---|---|---| +|Sol-Only
CoT
**Latent (ours)**|3
645
43
1312.0
**62.8 (**_↑_**+19.8)**
374.6|**100**|93.8
3.0
98.8
92.5
**(**_↑_**+1.2)**
7.7|76.7
8.2
77.5
49.4
**96.2 (**_↑_**+18.7)**
10.9| + + + +Table 4.1: Our latent approach surpasses the other baselines on Keys-Finding Maze, ProntoQA and ProsQA with a large margin . We use top- _k_ ( _k_ = 10) decoding for Keys-Finding Maze and greedy decoding for ProntoQA and ProsQA. In terms of token efficiency, our latent approach also generates much shorter reasoning traces than the CoT baseline, closely tracking or even outperforming the Sol-Only approach. **Bold: best results** . Underline: second best results. ( _↑_ +Performance gain compared with the second best result.) + +|**Model**|**In-Domain**
Math
GSM8K||**Out-of-Domain**
DM-Math
College-Math
Olympia-Math
TheoremQA|**Average**
All Datasets| +|---|---|---|---|---| +|||Gaokao-Math-2023||| +|**Llama-3.2-1B**
Sol-Only
CoT
iCoT
Pause Token
**Latent (ours)**|4.7
6.8
10.5
42.7
8.2
10.5
5.1
5.3
**14.7 (**_↑_**+4.2)**
**48.7 (**_↑_**+6)**|0.0
**10.0**
3.3
2.0
**10.0**|10.4
5.3
1.3
3.9
3.4
17.1
1.5
9.8
11.3
7.6
**2.1**
10.7
1.4
0.5
0.0
0.6
**14.6 (**_↑_**+3.3)**
**20.5 (**_↑_**+3.4)**
1.8
**11.3 (**_↑_**+0.6)**|4.6
14.1
7.7
2.1
**17.8 (**_↑_**+3.7)**| +|**Llama-3.2-3B**
Sol-Only
CoT
iCoT
Pause Token
**Latent (ours)**|6.1
8.1
21.9
69.7
12.6
17.3
25.2
53.7
**26.1 (**_↑_**+4.2)**
**73.8 (**_↑_**+4.1)**|3.3
16.7
3.3
4.1
**23.3 (**_↑_**+6.6)**|14.0
7.0
1.8
6.8
**27.3**
30.9
2.2
11.6
16.0
14.2
**4.9**
**13.9**
7.4
11.8
0.7
1.0
27.1
**32.9 (**_↑_**+2)**
4.2
13.5|6.7
25.2
11.7
14.8
**28.1 (**_↑_**+2.9)**| +|**Llama-3.1-8B**
Sol-Only
CoT
iCoT
Pause Token
**Latent (ours)**|11.5
11.8
32.9
80.1
17.8
29.6
**39.6**
79.5
37.2
**84.1 (**_↑_**+4.0)**|3.3
16.7
16.7
6.1
**30.0 (**_↑_**+13.3)**|17.4
13.0
3.8
6.7
39.3
41.9
7.3
15.8
20.3
21.3
7.6
14.8
25.4
25.1
1.3
4.0
**41.3 (**_↑_**+2)**
**44.0 (**_↑_**+2.1)**
**10.2 (**_↑_**+2.6)**
**18.4 (**_↑_**+2.6)**|9.6
33.4
18.3
25.9
**37.9 (**_↑_**+4.5)**| + + + +Table 4.2: Our latent approach outperforms the baselines on various types of mathematical reasoning benchmarks. The models are fine-tuned on the MetaMathQA (Yu et al., 2023) dataset. The Math and GSM8K are in-domain datasets since they are used to generate MetaMathQA, while the others are out-of-domain. **Bold: best results** . Underscore: second best results. _↑_ +: Performance gain compared with the second best result. + +the pretrained GPT-2 model (Radford et al., 2019) for 16k steps, where we use a learning rate of 10 _[−]_[4] with linear warmup for 100 steps, and the batch size is set to 128. To evaluate the models, we use greedy decoding and check the exact match with the ground truth. + +For Keys-Finding Maze, due to its specific vocabulary, we trained a T5 model (Raffel et al., 2020) from scratch for 100k steps with a learning rate of 7 _._ 5 _×_ 10 _[−]_[4] and a batch size of 1024. We evaluate the models by the _1-Feasible10_ metric. Namely, for each evaluation task, we randomly sample 10 responses with top- _k_ ( _k_ =10) decoding and check if any of them is feasible and reaches the goal location. + +## 4.2.2 MATHEMATICAL REASONING + +**Hyperparameters and Evaluation Metrics** We considered 3 different sizes of LLMs from the LLaMa herd: Llama3.2-1B, Llama-3.2-3B and Llama-3.1-8B models. For all the models, we fine-tune them on the MetaMathQA dataset for 1 epoch. To maximize training efficiency, we use a batch size of 32 with a sequence packing of 4096. We experiment with different learning rates 10 _[−]_[5] _,_ 2 _._ 5 _×_ 10 _[−]_[5] _,_ 5 _×_ 10 _[−]_[5] _,_ 10 _[−]_[4] and select the one with the lowest validation error. The final choices are 10 _[−]_[5] for the 8B model and 2 _._ 5 _×_ 10 _[−]_[5] for the others. For all the experiments, we use greedy decoding for evaluation. + +**Results** As shown in Table 4.1, our latent approach performs better than the baselines for both the Keys-Finding Maze and ProntoQA tasks. Notably, the absolute improvement is 15% for the Keys-Finding Maze problem, and we reach 100% accuracy on the relatively easy ProntoQA dataset. For the more difficult ProsQA, the CoT baseline only obtains 77.5% accuracy, the latent approach achieves 17 _._ 5% performance gain. + +**Accuracy Comparison** Table 4.2 presents the results. Our latent approach consistently outperforms all the baselines across nearly all the tasks, for models of different sizes. For tasks on which we do not observe improvement, our approach is also comparable to the best performance. The gains are more pronounced in specific datasets such as Gaokao-Math-2023. On average, we are observing a +5 _._ 3 points improvement for the 8B model, +2 _._ 9 points improvement for the 3B model, and +3.7 points improvement for + +6 + +**Token Assorted: Mixing Latent and Text Tokens for Improved Language Model Reasoning** + +|**Model**|**In-Domain (# of tokens)**
Math
GSM8K|**Out-of-Domain (# of tokens)**
Gaokao-Math-2023
DM-Math
College-Math
Olympia-Math
TheoremQA|**Average**
All Datasets| +|---|---|---|---| +|**Llama-3.2-1B**
Sol-Only
CoT
iCoT
Pause Token
**Latent (ours)**|4.7
6.8
646.1
190.3
328.4
39.8
638.8
176.4
501.6**(**_↓_**-22%)**
181.3**(**_↓_**-5%)**|0.0
10.4
5.3
1.3
3.9
842.3
578.7
505.6
1087.0
736.5
354.0
170.8
278.7
839.4
575.4
416.1
579.9
193.8
471.9
988.1
760.5**(**_↓_**-11%)**
380.1**(**_↓_**-34%)**
387.3**(**_↓_**-23%)**
840.0**(**_↓_**-22%)**
575.5**(**_↓_**-22%)**|4.6
655.2
369.5
495
518**(**_↓_**-21%)**| +|**Llama-3.2-3B**
Sol-Only
CoT
iCoT
Pause Token
**Latent (ours)**|6.1
8.1
649.9
212.1
344.4
60.7
307.9
162.3
516.7**(**_↓_**-20%)**
198.8**(**_↓_**-6%)**|3.3
14.0
7.0
1.8
6.8
823.3
392.8
495.9
1166.7
759.6
564.0
154.3
224.9
697.6
363.6
108.9
251.5
500.96
959.5
212.8
618.5**(**_↓_**-25%)**
340.0**(**_↓_**-13%)**
418.0**(**_↓_**-16%)**
832.8**(**_↓_**-29%)**
670.2**(**_↓_**-12%)**|6.7
642.9
344.2
354.7
513.6**(**_↓_**-20%)**| +|**Llama-3.1-8B**
Sol-Only
CoT
iCoT
Pause Token
**Latent (ours)**|11.5
11.8
624.3
209.5
403.5
67.3
469.4
119.0
571.9**(**_↓_**-9 %)**
193.9**(**_↓_**-8 %)**|3.3
17.4
13.0
3.8
6.7
555.9
321.8
474.3
1103.3
760.1
444.8
137.0
257.1
797.1
430.9
752.6
413.4
357.3
648.2
600.1
545.8**(**_↓_**-2 %)**
292.1**(**_↓_**-10%)**
440.3**(**_↓_**-8%)**
913.7**(**_↓_**-17 %)**
637.2**(**_↓_**-16 %)**|9.6
578.5
362.5
480
513.7**(**_↓_**-10%)**| + + + +Table 4.3: The average number of tokens in the generated responses. Compared with the CoT baseline, our latent approach achieves an 17% reduction in response length on average, while surpassing it in final performance according to Table 4.2. The iCoT method generates shorter responses than our approach, yet performs significantly worse, see Table 4.2. _↓_ -: Trace length reduction rate compared with CoT. + +|**Model**|**In-D**|**omain**
GSM8K|**Out-of-Domain**|Olympia-Math
TheoremQA|**Average**
All Datasets| +|---|---|---|---|---|---| +||math||Fresh-Gaokao-Math-2023
DeepMind-Mathematics
College-Math||| +|**Llama-3.2-1B**
All-Replace
Curriculum-Replace
Poisson-Replace
**Latent-AR (ours)**|6.7
7.1
13.9
**14.7**|4.2
9.8
**49.5**
48.7|0.0
11.8
6.0
3.3
13.0
7.9
10.0
12.2
18.9
**10.0**
**14.6**
**20.5**|2.1
8.5
**2.4**
10.5
2.3
9.0
1.8
**11.3**|5.6
7.8
15.1
**17.8**| +|**Llama-3.2-3B**
All-Replace
Curriculum-Replace
Poisson-Replace
**Latent (ours)**|10.7
10.2
23.6
**26.1**|12.8
14.9
65.9
**73.8**|10.0
19.4
12.8
3.3
16.8
12.9
13.3
17.9
28.9
**23.3**
**27.1**
**32.9**|**5.3**
11.8
3.9
**14.4**
2.9
11.2
4.2
13.5|11.8
10.9
20.5
**28.1**| +|**Llama-3.1-8B**
All-Replace
Curriculum-Replace
Possion-Replace
**Latent (ours)**|15.7
14.6
**37.9**
37.2|19.9
23.1
83.6
**84.1**|6.7
21.1
19.5
13.3
20.3
18.7
16.6
**42.7**
**44.7**
**30.0**
41.3
44.0|5.0
17.5
3.9
16.6
9.9
**19.1**
**10.2**
18.4|15.0
15.8
36.3
**37.9**| + + + +Table 4.4: Our latent token replacement strategy significantly outperforms the alternative choices: All-Replace (where all the textual CoT tokens are replaced by latent tokens at once), Curriculum-Replace (where we gradually replace the text tokens for the entire CoT subsequence by latent tokens over the course of training) and Poisson-Replace (where individual chunks of text tokens are replaced with probabilities 0.5). + +## the 1B model. + +**Tokens Efficiency Comparison** Alongside the accuracy, we also report the number of tokens contained in the generated responses in Table 4.3, which is the dominating factor of the inference efficiency. Our first observation is that for all the approaches, the model size has little influence on the length of generated responses. Overall, the CoT method outputs the longest responses, while the Sol-Only method outputs the least number of tokens, since it is trained to generate the answer directly. The iCoT method generates short responses as well (42 _._ 8% reduction compared to CoT), as the CoT data has been iteratively eliminated in its training procedure. However, this comes at the cost of significantly degraded model performance compared with CoT, as shown in Table 4.2. Our latent approach shows an average 17% reduction in token numbers compared with CoT while surpassing it in prediction accuracy. + +## **4.3 Ablation & Understanding Studies** + +**Replacement Strategies** Our latent approach partially replaces the leftmost _m_ CoT tokens, where the value of _m_ varies for each sample. We call such replacement strategies **AR-Replace** . Here we consider three alternative strategies: + +- (1) **All-Replace** : all the text CoT tokens are replaced by the latent tokens. + +- (2) **Curriculum-Replace** : the entire CoT subsequence are gradually replaced over the course of training, similar to the training procedure used by iCoT and COCONUT (Hao et al., 2024). We train the model for 8 epochs. Starting from the original dataset, in each epoch we construct a new training dataset whether we further replace the leftmost 16 textual CoT tokens by a discrete latent token. + +- (3) **Poisson-Replace** : instead of replacing tokens from + +7 + +**Token Assorted: Mixing Latent and Text Tokens for Improved Language Model Reasoning** + +- left to right, we conduct a _Poisson sampling_ process to select CoT tokens to be replaced: we split the reasoning traces into chunks consisting of 16 consecutive text tokens, where each chunk is randomly replaced by the latent token with probability 0.5. + +Table 4.4 reports the results. Our **AR-Replace** strategy demonstrate strong performance, outperforming the other two strategies with large performance gap. Our intuition is as follows. When all the textual tokens are removed, the model struggles to align the latent tokens with the linguistic and semantic structures it learned during pretraining. + +In contrast, partial replacement offers the model a bridge connecting text and latent spaces: the remaining text tokens serve as anchors, helping the model interpret and integrate the latent representations more effectively. Interestingly, the curriculum learning strategy is bridging the two spaces very well, where **All-Replace** and **Curriculum-Replace** exhibit similar performance. This is similar to our observation that iCoT performs remarkably worse than CoT for mathematical reasoning problems. **Poisson-Replace** demonstrates performance marginally worse to our **AR-Replace** strategy on the 1B and 8B models, but significantly worse on the 3B model. Our intuition is that having a fix pattern of replacement (starting from the beginning and left to right) is always easier for the model to learn. This might be due to the limited finetuning dataset size and model capacity. + +**Attention Weights Analysis** To understand the reason why injecting latent tokens enhanced the model’s reasoning performance, we randomly selected two questions from the Math and Collegue-Math dataset and generate responses, then analyze the attention weights over the input prompt tokens: + +1. What is the positive difference between $120%$ of 30 and $130%$ of 20? + +2. Mark has $50 in his bank account. He earns $10 per day at his work. If he wants to buy a bike that costs $300, how many days does Mark have to save his money? + +Specifically, we take the last attention layer, compute the average attention weights over different attention heads and show its relative intensity over the prompt tokens[2] . We com- + +2We first compute the average attention weights across multiple heads. This gives us a single lower triangular matrix. Then, we take the column sum of this matrix to get an aggregated attention weights for each token. Last, we normalize the weights by their average to obtain the relative intensity. A one line pseudocode is: column ~~s~~ um(avg(attention ~~m~~ atrices)) / avg(column ~~s~~ um(avg(attention ~~m~~ atrices))). + +(a) Prompt: What is the positive difference between $120%$ of 30 and $130%$ of 20? + +(b) Prompt: Mark has $50 in his bank account. He earns $10 per day at his work. If he wants to buy a bike that costs $300, how many days does Mark have to save his money? + +Figure 4.1: Comparing with the CoT model, our latent approach have high attention weights on numbers and text tokens representing mathematical operations. + +pare the averaged attention weights of our model with the CoT model in Figure 4.1. Interestingly, our model learns to grasp a stronger attention to numbers and words representing mathematical operations. Both Figure 4.1a and Figure 4.1b show that the latent model focus more on the numbers, such as 120, 30, and 130 for the first question. For the second question, our latent model shows a larger attention weights on numbers including 50, 10, and 300, and also tokens semantically related to mathematical operations such as earns (means addition) and cost (means subtraction). This suggests that, by partially compressing the reasoning trace into a mix of latent and text tokens, we allow the model to effectively focus on important tokens that build the internal logical flow. See Appendix C.1 for the exact response generated by our approach and the CoT baseline. + +## **4.4 Ablations on the Latent** _r_ **parameters** + +Throughout this paper we have been using _r_ (or the compression ratio) to be 16, in this section, we will be ablating how would _r_ affects the performance of the downstream Math tasks if we vary this parameter. + +To this end, we vary this parameter on the Llama-3.2-3B model. Our result is summarized in Table.4.5. A graphical illustration is shown in Figure.4.2. A key takeaway is that + +8 + +**Token Assorted: Mixing Latent and Text Tokens for Improved Language Model Reasoning** + +Table 4.5: The Table blow illustrates a clear trend on Llama-3.2-3B model where increasing the compression rate reduces the number of generated tokens due to higher data compression. Notably, a compression rate of 2 shows some improvements over the CoT baseline. Furthermore, there appears to be an optimal ’sweet spot’ where the data is neither overly compressed (rate = 32) nor minimally compressed (rate = 2), optimizing both efficiency and accuracy. + +||**Model**|**In-Domain**|**In-Domain**||**Out-of-Domain**|**Out-of-Domain**|||**Average**| +|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| +|||math|GSM8K|Fresh-Gaokao-
Math-2023|DeepMind-
Mathematics|College-
Math|Olympia-
Math|TheoremQA|All
Datasets| +||CoT (baseline) (Acc.)|21.9|69.7|16.7|27.3|30.9|2.2|11.6|25.2| +|**Llama-3.2-3B**|# of Tokens
Latent-_r_ = 2(Acc.)
# of Tokens
Latent_r_ = 16(Acc.)
# of Tokens|649.9
24.3
586.0
26.1
516.7|212.1
71.7
207.6
73.8
198.8|823.3
16.7
739.6
23.3
618.5|392.8
25.4
415.3
27.1
340.0|495.9
32.0
471
32.9
418.0|1166.7
4.7
1036
4.2
832.8|759.6
14.8
714
13.5
670.2|642.9
27.08
595.6
28.1
513.6| +||Latent_r_ = 32(Acc.)|25.2|71.5|23.3|26.3|33.3|4.9|14.1|27.9| +||# of Tokens|496.5|183.3|577.3|311.0|395.2|821.0|585.6|481.4| + + + +our latent approach comes out ahead of the CoT baseline for all _r_ settings in terms of fewer tokens (better efficiency) and higher accuracy. This is a strong signal that the shift to a latent representation itself is fundamentally beneficial. In addition, we see that when the _r_ (compression ratio) increases, we expect each latent token to encode more information (higher compression). As a result, we see that, on average, the number of tokens reduces as _r_ increases. However, in terms of the accuracy metric, we see that the model increases initially from 25.2 (overall accuracy) to 27.1 (when _r_ = 2). It further boosts up to 28.1 at _r_ = 16, and then it goes down to 27.9 when _r_ = 32. This indicates a sweet spot that _r_ = 16, it is neither overly-compressed (which implies information loss), nor under-compressed (which implies information is not encoded abstractly enough). This study indicates an interesting trade-off between accuracy and tokens efficiency in our latent approach. So, _r_ = 16 appears to strike an optimal balance between compact representation and the preservation of task-critical information. + +## **4.5 Additional Examples and Interpretability Result** + +We provide 4 additional example responses for questions in the Math and TheoremQA datasets in Appendix D. In Appendix F, we compare all the approaches when the model is trained on the DART-MATH (Tong et al., 2024) dataset, where similar trends are observed. + +We also provide interpretable examples in the Appendix E. + +## **5 Conclusion** + +We present a novel approach to improve the reasoning capabilities of LLMs, by compressing the initial steps of the reasoning traces using discrete latent tokens obtained from VQ-VAE. By integrating both abstract representation and + +Figure 4.2: A graphical illustration of the compression rate _r_ trade-off between the accuracy and the token efficiency on the Llama-3.2-3B model. + +textual details of the reasoning process into training, our approach enables LLMs to capture essential reasoning information with improved token efficiency. Furthermore, by randomizing the number of text tokens to be compressed during training, we unlock fast adaptation to unseen latent tokens. Our comprehensive evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness across multiple domains, outperforming standard methods that rely on complete textual reasoning traces. + +## **Impact Statement** + +This paper presents a method to enhance the reasoning capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) by combining latent and text tokens in the reasoning trace. In terms of society impact, while reasoning with (opaque) latent tokens may trigger safety concerns, our approach provides a VQVAE decoder that can decode the latent tokens into human readable format, mitigating such concerns. + +9 + +**Token Assorted: Mixing Latent and Text Tokens for Improved Language Model Reasoning** + +## **References** + +- Azerbayev, Z., Schoelkopf, H., Paster, K., Santos, M. D., McAleer, S., Jiang, A. Q., Deng, J., Biderman, S., and Welleck, S. 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We set the max sequence to be 2048 for the synthetic dataset experiments and 256 for the math reasoning experiments. + +## **A.2 Keys-Finding Maze** + +## A.2.1 ENVIRONMENT DETAILS + +In this section, we introduce our synthetic keys-finding maze environment. Figure A.1 shows an example maze that consists of _m × m_ rooms, where the size of each room is _n × n_ ( _m_ = 3 and _n_ = 5). The goal of the agent (represented by the black circle) is to reach the gold diamond using the minimum number of steps. The agent cannot cross the wall. Also, there are three doors (represented by squares) of different colors (i.e., red, green, and blue) which are closed initially. The agent have to pick up keys to open the door in the same color. Note that the agent can not carry more than one key at the same time. + +Figure A.2 shows an example optimal trajectory of the maze in Figure A.1. The agent first picks up the blue key and opens the blue door to obtain the red key. Then the agent navigates to the red door and opens it. Finally the agent is able to reach the objective. + +Figure A.1: An example of the keys-finding maze environment. + +**==> picture [421 x 9] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+(a) Phase 1 (b) Phase 2 (c) Phase 3 (d) Phase 4
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +Figure A.2: An (optimal) trajectory of the maze in Figure A.1. Phase 1: the agent picks up the blue key; Phase 2: the agent opens the blue door to obtain the red key; Phase 3: the agent carries the red key to the red door; Phase 4: the agent opens the red door and reaches the objective. + +## A.2.2 DATASET DETAILS + +Our dataset consists of 100k training data points, 500 validation data points, and 300 data points for testing. For each data point, the structure of the prompt and response is as follows: + +13 + +**Token Assorted: Mixing Latent and Text Tokens for Improved Language Model Reasoning** + +• [Prompt]: **maze** ~~**s**~~ **ize** : _M × M_ **agent** : ( _xa_ 0 _, ya_ 0) _,_ **walls** : ( _x_ 1 _, y_ 1) _,_ ( _x_ 2 _, y_ 2) _, . . ._ **objective** : ( _xo, yo_ ) _,_ **keys** : [red ~~k~~ ey]: ( _xrk, yrk_ ) _, . . ._ **doors** : [red ~~d~~ oor]: ( _xrd, yrd_ ) _, . . ._ + +- [Response]: create-node ( _xa_ 1 _, ya_ 1 _, fa_ 1 _, ha_ 1), create-node ( _xa_ 2 _, ya_ 2 _, fa_ 2 _, ha_ 2), . . . agent ( _xa_ 1 _, ya_ 1) _,_ ( _xa_ 2 _, ya_ 2) _, . . . ,_ ( _xaT , yaT_ ) _,_ + +Below, we show the prompt and response for an example training data pint. + +## Prompt + +initial ~~s~~ tate: maze ~~s~~ ize: 19x19 wall: (0,0), (0,1), (0,2), (0,3), (0,4), (0,5), (0,6), (0,7), (0,8), (0,9), (0,10), (0,11), (0,12), (0,13), (0,14), (0,15), (0,16), (0,17), (0,18), (1,0), (1,6), (1,12), (1,18), (2,0), (2,6), (2,12), (2,18), (3,0), (3,6), (3,12), (3,18), (4,0), (4,6), (4,12), (4,18), (5,0), (5,6), (5,12), (5,18), (6,0), (6,1), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6), (6,7), (6,8), (6,9), (6,10), (6,11), (6,12), (6,13), (6,14), (6,15), (6,16), (6,17), (6,18), (7,0), (7,12), (7,18), (8,0), (8,6), (8,12), (8,18), (9,0), (9,6), (9,12), (9,18), (10,0), (10,6), (10,12), (10,18), (11,0), (11,6), (11,12), (11,18), (12,0), (12,1), (12,2), (12,3), (12,4), (12,6), (12,8), (12,9), (12,10), (12,11), (12,12), (12,13), (12,14), (12,15), (12,16), (12,17), (12,18), (13,0), (13,12), (13,18), (14,0), (14,6), (14,12), (14,18), (15,0), (15,6), (15,12), (15,18), (16,0), (16,6), (16,12), (16,18), (17,0), (17,6), (17,12), (17,18), (18,0), (18,1), (18,2), (18,3), (18,4), (18,5), (18,6), (18,7), (18,8), (18,9), (18,10), (18,11), (18,12), (18,13), (18,14), (18,15), (18,16), (18,17), (18,18), agent: (11,5), objective: (1,1), [red key]: (16,1), [green key]: (16,9), [blue key]: (7,2), [red ~~d~~ oor]: (12,5), [green ~~d~~ oor]: (6,2), [blue ~~d~~ oor]: (12,7) + +14 + +**Token Assorted: Mixing Latent and Text Tokens for Improved Language Model Reasoning** + +**==> picture [487 x 335] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Response (CoT and Answer)
create-node: (11,5), heuristics: 14, cost: 0 create-node: (11,4), heuristics: 13, cost: 1 create-node: (11,3), heuristics: 12, cost: 2 create-node: (10,3), heuristics: 11, cost: 3 create-node: (9,3),
heuristics: 10, cost: 4 create-node: (9,2), heuristics: 9, cost: 5 create-node: (8,2), heuristics: 8, cost: 6 create-node: (7,2), heuristics: 7, cost: 7 create-node: (7,2), heuristics: 7, cost: 8 create-node:
(7,3), heuristics: 8, cost: 9 create-node: (7,4), heuristics: 9, cost: 10 create-node: (7,5), heuristics: 10, cost: 11 create-node: (7,6), heuristics: 11, cost: 12 create-node: (7,7), heuristics: 12, cost:
13 create-node: (8,7), heuristics: 13, cost: 14 create-node: (9,7), heuristics: 14, cost: 15 create-node: (10,7), heuristics: 15, cost: 16 create-node: (11,7), heuristics: 16, cost: 17 create-node:
(11,7), heuristics: 16, cost: 18 create-node: (12,7), heuristics: 17, cost: 19 create-node: (13,7), heuristics: 18, cost: 20 create-node: (14,7), heuristics: 19, cost: 21 create-node: (14,8), heuristics:
20, cost: 22 create-node: (15,8), heuristics: 21, cost: 23 create-node: (15,9), heuristics: 22, cost: 24 create-node: (16,9), heuristics: 23, cost: 25 create-node: (16,9), heuristics: 23, cost: 26
create-node: (16,8), heuristics: 22, cost: 27 create-node: (16,7), heuristics: 21, cost: 28 create-node: (15,7), heuristics: 20, cost: 29 create-node: (14,7), heuristics: 19, cost: 30 create-node:
(13,7), heuristics: 18, cost: 31 create-node: (12,7), heuristics: 17, cost: 32 create-node: (11,7), heuristics: 16, cost: 33 create-node: (10,7), heuristics: 15, cost: 34 create-node: (9,7), heuristics:
14, cost: 35 create-node: (8,7), heuristics: 13, cost: 36 create-node: (7,7), heuristics: 12, cost: 37 create-node: (7,6), heuristics: 11, cost: 38 create-node: (7,5), heuristics: 10, cost: 39 create-node:
(7,4), heuristics: 9, cost: 40 create-node: (7,3), heuristics: 8, cost: 41 create-node: (7,2), heuristics: 7, cost: 42 create-node: (7,2), heuristics: 7, cost: 43 create-node: (6,2), heuristics: 6, cost: 44
create-node: (5,2), heuristics: 5, cost: 45 create-node: (5,1), heuristics: 4, cost: 46 create-node: (4,1), heuristics: 3, cost: 47 create-node: (3,1), heuristics: 2, cost: 48 create-node: (2,1), heuristics:
1, cost: 49 create-node: (1,1), heuristics: 0, cost: 50 agent: (11,5), current k ey: none, remaining key: [red key]: [green k ey]: [blue k ey]: remaining d oor: [red door]: [green d oor]: [blue d oor]:
agent: (11,4), current key: none, remaining k ey: [red k ey]: [green k ey]: [blue key]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]: [green door]: [blue d oor]: agent: (11,3), current key: none, remaining k ey:
[red key]: [green key]: [blue key]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: [blue d oor]: agent: (10,3), current key: none, remaining k ey: [red k ey]: [green k ey]: [blue k ey]: remaining d oor:
[red door]: [green door]: [blue d oor]: agent: (9,3), current k ey: none, remaining k ey: [red k ey]: [green key]: [blue k ey]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: [blue door]: agent: (9,2),
current key: none, remaining k ey: [red k ey]: [green k ey]: [blue k ey]: remaining door: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: [blue d oor]: agent: (8,2), current k ey: none, remaining key: [red key]:
[green key]: [blue k ey]: remaining door: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: [blue d oor]: agent: (7,2), current k ey: none, remaining k ey: [red k ey]: [green key]: [blue k ey]: remaining door: [red d oor]:
[green door]: [blue d oor]: agent: (7,2), current k ey: [blue k ey], remaining k ey: [red key]: [green key]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: [blue d oor]: agent: (7,3), current k ey:
[blue k ey], remaining key: [red k ey]: [green k ey]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]: [green door]: [blue door]: agent: (7,4), current k ey: [blue k ey], remaining k ey: [red k ey]: [green key]:
remaining door: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: [blue d oor]: agent: (7,5), current k ey: [blue key], remaining key: [red k ey]: [green k ey]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: [blue d oor]:
agent: (7,6), current key: [blue k ey], remaining k ey: [red key]: [green k ey]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]: [green door]: [blue door]: agent: (7,7), current k ey: [blue key], remaining k ey:
[red k ey]: [green key]: remaining door: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: [blue d oor]: agent: (8,7), current k ey: [blue k ey], remaining k ey: [red k ey]: [green k ey]: remaining door: [red d oor]:
[green door]: [blue door]: agent: (9,7), current k ey: [blue k ey], remaining k ey: [red key]: [green key]: remaining door: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: [blue d oor]: agent: (10,7), current k ey:
[blue k ey], remaining key: [red key]: [green k ey]: remaining door: [red door]: [green door]: [blue door]: agent: (11,7), current key: [blue k ey], remaining k ey: [red k ey]: [green key]:
remaining d oor: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: [blue door]: agent: (11,7), current k ey: none, remaining key: [red k ey]: [green k ey]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: agent: (12,7),
current key: none, remaining k ey: [red key]: [green k ey]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: agent: (13,7), current k ey: none, remaining key: [red k ey]: [green key]: remaining d oor:
[red d oor]: [green d oor]: agent: (14,7), current k ey: none, remaining k ey: [red key]: [green k ey]: remaining d oor: [red door]: [green d oor]: agent: (14,8), current k ey: none, remaining k ey:
[red k ey]: [green key]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: agent: (15,8), current k ey: none, remaining key: [red k ey]: [green k ey]: remaining door: [red d oor]: [green d oor]:
agent: (15,9), current key: none, remaining k ey: [red key]: [green k ey]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]: [green door]: agent: (16,9), current key: none, remaining k ey: [red key]: [green k ey]:
remaining door: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: agent: (16,9), current k ey: [green k ey], remaining key: [red k ey]: remaining d oor: [red door]: [green door]: agent: (16,8), current key: [green k ey],
remaining key: [red k ey]: remaining door: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: agent: (16,7), current k ey: [green k ey], remaining k ey: [red k ey]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]: [green door]: agent: (15,7),
current key: [green k ey], remaining key: [red k ey]: remaining door: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: agent: (14,7), current k ey: [green k ey], remaining k ey: [red key]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]:
[green door]: agent: (13,7), current k ey: [green k ey], remaining key: [red key]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: agent: (12,7), current k ey: [green k ey], remaining k ey: [red key]:
remaining door: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: agent: (11,7), current k ey: [green k ey], remaining key: [red k ey]: remaining d oor: [red door]: [green door]: agent: (10,7), current key: [green k ey],
remaining k ey: [red k ey]: remaining d oor: [red door]: [green door]: agent: (9,7), current k ey: [green k ey], remaining key: [red k ey]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: agent: (8,7),
current key: [green key], remaining k ey: [red k ey]: remaining d oor: [red door]: [green d oor]: agent: (7,7), current k ey: [green key], remaining k ey: [red k ey]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]:
[green d oor]: agent: (7,6), current k ey: [green k ey], remaining key: [red key]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: agent: (7,5), current key: [green key], remaining key: [red k ey]:
remaining door: [red door]: [green d oor]: agent: (7,4), current k ey: [green k ey], remaining key: [red k ey]: remaining d oor: [red door]: [green d oor]: agent: (7,3), current k ey: [green key],
remaining k ey: [red k ey]: remaining d oor: [red door]: [green door]: agent: (7,2), current k ey: [green k ey], remaining key: [red k ey]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]: [green d oor]: agent: (7,2),
current key: none, remaining k ey: [red k ey]: remaining d oor: [red door]: agent: (6,2), current k ey: none, remaining key: [red key]: remaining d oor: [red door]: agent: (5,2), current key: none,
remaining key: [red k ey]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]: agent: (5,1), current k ey: none, remaining k ey: [red k ey]: remaining d oor: [red door]: agent: (4,1), current key: none, remaining k ey:
[red k ey]: remaining door: [red d oor]: agent: (3,1), current k ey: none, remaining k ey: [red k ey]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]: agent: (2,1), current k ey: none, remaining key: [red key]:
remaining door: [red d oor]: agent: (1,1), current k ey: none, remaining k ey: [red key]: remaining d oor: [red d oor]:
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +The prompt describes the maze in a structured language. The maze size _M_ = _m_ ( _n_ + 1) + 1 (e.g., in Figure A.1, the maze size _M_ = 19). The positions of walls are ( _x_ 1 _, y_ 1) _,_ ( _x_ 2 _, y_ 2) _, . . ._ , and so on. The position of the agent in time step _t_ is ( _xat, yat_ ), where _t_ = 0 corresponds to the initial position The position of the objective is ( _xo, yo_ ), and the position of keys and doors in color _c_ (where _c_ = _r_ , _g_ , _b_ ) are ( _xck, yck_ ) and ( _xcd, ycd_ ), respectively. The response describes an optimal path (i.e., with minimal total times steps _T_ ) for the agent to reach the objective. + +## A.2.3 MODEL DETAILS + +Following Su et al. (2024); Lehnert et al. (2024), we employ a similar encode-decoder transformer architecture with rotary embeddings and no drop-out. Our model consisted of 6 layers with 3 attention heads, and the embedding size is 64. + +## **A.3 ProntoQA and ProsQA** + +We used the pretrained GPT-2 model which has the following parameters: + +|**Parameter**|**Value**| +|---|---| +|Number of Layers (Transformer Blocks)|12| +|Hidden Size (Embedding Size)|768| +|Number of Attention Heads|12| +|Vocabulary Size|50,257| +|Total Number of Parameters|117 million| + + + +Table A.1: Hyperparameters of the pretrained GPT-2 model used for ProntoQA and ProsQA. + +15 + +**Token Assorted: Mixing Latent and Text Tokens for Improved Language Model Reasoning** + +## **A.4 LLM experiments** + +We use the Llama Cookbook[3] codebase to fine-tune the Llama models. + +As described in Section 4.2, we use a batch size of 32 with a sequence packing of 4096. We experiment with different learning rates 10 _[−]_[5] _,_ 2 _._ 5 _×_ 10 _[−]_[5] _,_ 5 _×_ 10 _[−]_[5] _,_ 10 _[−]_[4] and select the one with the lowest validation error. The final choices are 10 _[−]_[5] for Llama-3.2-8B and 2 _._ 5 _×_ 10 _[−]_[5] for Llama-3.2-1B and Llama-3.2-3B. + +## **B Notations** + +Table B.1 summarizes the notations we used throughout the paper. + +|_X_ =_P ⊕C _|_⊕S_|input text sample where_⊕_means concatenation| +|---|---|---| +|_P_||prompt of length_tp_| +|_pi_||the_i_-th token of prompt (in text)| +|_C_||reasoning trace of length_tc_| +|_ci_||the_i_-th token of trace (in text)| +|_S_||solution of length_ts_| +|_si_||the_i_-th token of solution (in text)| +|_Z_||the complete latent reasoning traces of length_tz_| +|_zi_||the_i_-th token of latent trace| +|_r_ =_tc/tz_||compression rate| +|_m_
�||number of trace tokens to be replaced by latent tokens during training| +|_X_||modifed input with mixed text and latent tokens| +|_E_||codebook of VQ-VAE| +|_ei_||the_i_-th vector in the codebook, which corresponds to the_i_-th latent token| +|_d_||dimension of_ei_s| +|_V_||vocabulary of text tokens| +|_L_||chunk size| +|_f_enc(_·_)||encodes a chunk of_L_text tokens to _L_
_r_ embedding vectors| +|¯_X_ = ¯_x_1_, . . . ,_¯_x L_
_r_||embedding vectors of_X_ outputted by_f_enc(_·_)| +|_q_(_·_)||quantization operator that replaces, e.g., ¯_x_1by its nearest neighbor in_E_:| +|||_g_(¯_x_1) = argmin_ei∈E ∥ei −_¯_x_1_∥_2| +|_g_(_·_)||maps prompt to a_d_-dimensional embedding vector| +|_f_dec(_·, ·_)||decodes_L/r_quantized embedding vectors in_E_ back to text tokens,| +|||conditioning on prompt embedding generated by_g_(_·_)| + + + +Table B.1: Mathematical notations used throughout the paper. + +> 3https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-cookbook + +16 + +**Token Assorted: Mixing Latent and Text Tokens for Improved Language Model Reasoning** + +## **C Details of Attention Weights Analysis** + +## **C.1 Generated Responses** + +Question 1 + +**Prompt** : What is the positive difference between $120%$ of 30 and $130%$ of 20? + +## **Response of Our Latent Approach** : + + % of 30 and $130%$ of 20. First, let’s calculate $120%$ of 30: $120%$ of 30 = 1.2 x 30 = 36. Next, let’s calculate $130%$ of 20: $130%$ of 20 = 1.3 x 20 = 26. Now, let’s find the positive difference between 36 and 26: 36 - 26 = 10 The answer is 10. + +**Response of Baseline (CoT)** : To find the positive difference between 120% of 30 and 130% of 20, we need to calculate each value first. 120% of 30 is calculated as 1.2 * 30 = 36. 130% of 20 is calculated as 1.3 * 20 = 26. Now, we need to find the positive difference between these two values. To do this, we subtract the smaller value from the larger value: 36 - 26 = 10. The final answer is 10. + +## Question 2 + +**Prompt** : Mark has $50 in his bank account. He earns $10 per day at his work. If he wants to buy a bike that costs $300, how many days does Mark have to save his money? + +**Response of Our Latent Approach** : need to calculate how much more money he needs to buy the bike and then divide that amount by his daily earnings. The bike costs $300, and Mark already has $50. So, he needs: $300 (bike cost) - $50 (current savings) = $250 (more money needed) Mark earns $10 per day. To find out how many days he needs to save, we divide the amount he needs by his daily earnings: $250 (more money needed) / $10 (daily earnings) = 25 days. The answer is 25. + +**Response of Baseline (CoT)** : To find out how many days Mark needs to save his money, we need to subtract the cost of the bike from the amount of money he has, then divide the result by the amount he earns per day. Mark has $50 and wants to buy a bike that costs $300. First, subtract the cost of the bike from the amount of money Mark has: $50 - $300 = -$250 Since Mark can’t have a negative amount of money, we need to convert the negative amount to a positive one by adding the cost of the bike to the amount of money Mark has: $50 + $300 = $350 Now, divide the result by the amount Mark earns per day: $350 / $10 = 35 The final answer is 35. + +17 + +**Token Assorted: Mixing Latent and Text Tokens for Improved Language Model Reasoning** + +## **D Other Text Generation Examples** + +## Example Generation of Our Latent Approach + +**Prompt** : Evaluate the expression _a_[3] _· a_[2] if _a_ = 5 **Generated Text** : + + We can use the rule of exponents that states _a[m] ·a[n]_ = _a[m]_[+] _[n]_ . So, _a_[3] _· a_[2] = _a_[3+2] = _a_[5] . Now, we substitute _a_ = 5 into the expression: 5[5] . 5[5] = 5 _·_ 5 _·_ 5 _·_ 5 _·_ 5 = 3125. The answer is 3125. + +## Example Generation of Our Latent Approach + +15 **Prompt** : Compute . � 2 � **Generated Text** : 2!(1515! _−_ 2)![=] 2!13!15![To simplify this expression, we] 15 can cancel out the common factors in the numerator and denominator: =[15] _[×]_[14] = 105. The answer is 105. � 2 � 2 Example Generation of Our Latent Approach **Question** : How many vertical asymptotes does the graph of _y_ = _x_[2] +2 _x−_ 6[have?] + +**Answer** : the denominator, which is _x_[2] + _x −_ 6. We can factor this quadratic expression as ( _x_ + 3)( _x −_ 2). Now, we can see that the denominator will be equal to zero when either ( _x_ + 3) = 0 or ( _x −_ 2) = 0. Solving for these values, we get _x_ = _−_ 3 or _x_ = 2. Therefore, the vertical asymptotes of the graph of _y_ = + +_frac_ 2 _x_[2] + _x −_ 6 are _x_ = _−_ 3 and _x_ = 2. Since there are two distinct values of _x_ that make the denominator equal to zero, the graph has 2 vertical asymptotes. The answer is 2. + +## Example Generation of Our Latent Approach + +**Question** : If there exists an ordered numbering of the nodes such that for each node there are no links going to a lower-numbered node, then there are no directed cycles in a directed graph. True or false? + +**Answer** : a directed graph. A directed cycle is a sequence of nodes in a graph, where each node is connected to the next node by a directed edge, and the last node is connected back to the first node by a directed edge. Now, let’s consider the given condition: ”If there exists an ordered numbering of the nodes such that for each node there are no links going to a lower-numbered node, then there are no directed cycles in a directed graph.” This condition essentially means that if we number the nodes in a specific way, and there are no links going to a lower-numbered node, then there are no directed cycles in the graph. To see why this is true, let’s consider what would happen if there were a directed cycle in the graph. If there were a directed cycle, then there would be a sequence of nodes where each node is connected to the next node by a directed edge, and the last node is connected back to the first node by a directed edge. However, if we number the nodes in the way described, and there are no links going to a lower-numbered node, then this directed cycle would be impossible. This is because the last node in the cycle would have to be connected to a lower-numbered node, which would violate the condition. Therefore, if we number the nodes in this way, then there can be no directed cycles in the graph. The answer is True. + +18 + +**Token Assorted: Mixing Latent and Text Tokens for Improved Language Model Reasoning** + +## **E Interpreability Examples** + +To examine the interpretability of the latent-codes, we use the decoder from the trained VQ-VAE to convert the latent-code back to the text space. In general, it is interpretable. We bolded the decoded part of the text from the latent code, which is delimited by the ... tags. In general, we find the latent tokens capture long/verbose sentences which may trigger useful follow-up thinking pattern. + +## Example Generation of Our Latent Approach + +**Prompt** : In a 8 fluid ounce bottle of Vitamin Water, there are 125 calories. How many calories would be contained in a 12 fluid ounce bottle? Express your answer in decimal form. **Generated Text** : + + **To convert the number from in in a 8 ounces** we need to find the ratio of calories to fluid ounces in the 8 fluid ounce bottle and then multiply it by 12. First, let’s find the ratio of calories to fluid ounces in the 8 fluid ounce bottle: Calories per fluid ounce = Total calories / Total fluid ounces = 125 calories / 8 fluid ounces = 15.625 calories per fluid ounce Now, let’s multiply this ratio by 12 fluid ounces to find the total calories in the 12 fluid ounce bottle: Total calories in 12 fluid ounces = Calories per fluid ounce * Total fluid ounces = 15.625 calories per fluid ounce * 12 fluid ounces = 187.5 calories The answer is 187.5. + +Here, in the example above, the decoded latent token ”To convert the number from in in a 8 ounces” captures the core concept of proportional conversion from the 8-ounce bottle to the 12-ounce bottle. Despite its grammar mistake, it still precisely states the mathematical operation needed to solve the problem. + +Example Generation of Our Latent Approach + +**Prompt** : What is the greatest common divisor of 315 and 108? **Generated Text** : **We find the greatest of CD of::63 common find** we can use the Euclidean algorithm. Here’s how to do it: 1. Divide 315 by 108: 315 = 108 × 2 + 99 2. Divide 108 by 99: 108 = 99 × 1 + 9 3. Divide 99 by 9: 99 = 9 × 11 + 0 Since the remainder is 0, the GCD is the divisor in the last step, which is 9. The answer is 9. + +Here, in the example above, the decoded latent token ”We find the greatest of CD of::63 common find” abstracts the initiation of the Euclidean algorithm, leading directly into the process that determines the GCD. + +19 + +**Token Assorted: Mixing Latent and Text Tokens for Improved Language Model Reasoning** + +## **F Additional Experiments** + +We present results of different approaches for fine-tuning a Llama-3.1-8B model on the DART-MATH (Tong et al., 2024) dataset. The observations are similar to those we presented in Section 4.2. + +|**Model (Dart-Math)**|**In-Dom**|**ain**
GSM8K|**Out-of-Domain**
Fresh-Gaokao-Math-2023
DeepMind-Mathematics
College-Math
Olympia-Math
TheoremQA|**Average**
All Datasets| +|---|---|---|---|---| +||math|||| +|**Llama-3.1-8B**
Sol-only
CoT
iCoT
Latent (Ours)|13.3
43.1
35.2
**43.2 (**_↑_**+0.1)**|16.4
**84.5**
61.8
83.9|0.0
18.2
15.9
4.7
16.9
30.7
**47.8**
45.7
10.1
**21.2**
30.0
30.6
37.6
8.3
19.5
**33.3 (**_↑_**+2.6)**
44.7
**47.1 (**_↑_**+1.4)**
**13.3 (**_↑_**+3.2)**
20.3|12.2
40.4
31.8
**40.8 (**_↑_**+0.4)**| + + + +Table F.1: Our approach surpasses the iCoT and Sol-Only baseline when trained on the DART-MATH dataset (Tong et al., 2024), while marginally outperforming the CoT baseline. + +|**Model (Dart-Math)**|**In-Domain (# of tokens)**
math
GSM8K|**Out-of-Domain (# of tokens)**
Fresh-Gaokao-Math-2023
DeepMind-Mathematics
College-Math
Olympia-Math
TheoremQA|**Average (# of tokens)**
All Datasets| +|---|---|---|---| +|**Llama-3.1-8B**
Sol-only
CoT
iCoT
Latent (Ours)|10.9
8.1
522.7
181.0
397.1
118.6
489.1**(**_↓_**-6.4%)**
163.5**(**_↓_**-9.7%)**|10.2
8.4
11.2
16.1
16.13
628.8
343.2
486.3
893.7
648.3
440.8
227.9
321.9
614.4
485.7
462.1**(**_↓_**-26.5%)**
265.6**(**_↓_**-22.6%)**
396.3**(**_↓_**-18.5%)**
801.3**(**_↓_**-10.3%)**
591.3|11.6
529.1
372.3
452.7 **(**_↓_**-16%)**| + + + +Table F.2: The average number of tokens in the generated responses. Our approach generates shorter reasoning traces then the CoT baseline. _↓_ -: Trace length reduction rate compared with CoT. + +20 + diff --git a/docs/papers/2502.05171v2.md b/docs/papers/2502.05171v2.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fe47fc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/papers/2502.05171v2.md @@ -0,0 +1,1215 @@ +# **Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**Jonas Geiping**[1] **Sean McLeish**[2] **Neel Jain**[2] **John Kirchenbauer**[2] **Siddharth Singh**[2] **Brian R. Bartoldson**[3] **Bhavya Kailkhura**[3] **Abhinav Bhatele**[2] **Tom Goldstein**[2] + +## **Abstract** + +We study a novel language model architecture that is capable of scaling test-time computation by implicitly reasoning in latent space. Our model works by iterating a recurrent block, thereby unrolling to arbitrary depth at test-time. This stands in contrast to mainstream reasoning models that scale up compute by producing more tokens. Unlike approaches based on chain-of-thought, our approach does not require any specialized training data, can work with small context windows, and can capture types of reasoning that are not easily represented in words. We scale a proof-ofconcept model to 3.5 billion parameters and 800 billion tokens. We show that the resulting model can improve its performance on reasoning benchmarks, sometimes dramatically, up to a computation load equivalent to 50 billion parameters. + +**Model** : huggingface.co/tomg-group-umd/huginn0125 + +**Code and Data** : github.com/seal-rg/recurrentpretraining + +## **1. Scaling by Thinking in Continuous Space** + +Humans naturally expend more mental effort solving some problems than others. While humans are capable of thinking over long time spans by verbalizing intermediate results and writing them down, a substantial amount of thought happens through complex, recurrent firing patterns in the brain, before the first word of an answer is uttered. + +Early attempts at increasing the power of language models focused on scaling model size, a practice that requires extreme amounts of data and computation. More recently, researchers have explored ways to enhance the reasoning + +> 1ELLIS Institute Tübingen, Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen AI Center[2] University of Maryland, College Park[3] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Correspondence to: Jonas Geiping, Tom Goldstein . + +**==> picture [244 x 145] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Recurrent Depth
Materialized Parameters
3.6B 8.3B 11.5B14.6B 21.0B 33.6B 52.6B 77.9B103B
50
40
30
20
10 ARC challenge
GSM8K CoT
OpenBookQA
0
1 4 6 8 12 20 32 48 64
Test-Time Compute Recurrence
Accuracy (%)
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+ + +**Figure 1:** We train a 3.5B parameter language model with depth recurrence. At test time, the model can iterate longer to use more compute and improve its performance. Instead of scaling test-time reasoning by “verbalizing” in long Chains-of-Thought, the model improves entirely by reasoning in latent space. Tasks that require less reasoning like OpenBookQA converge quicker than tasks like GSM8k, which effectively make use of more compute. + +capability of models by scaling test time computation. The mainstream approach involves post-training on long chainof-thought examples to develop the model’s ability to _verbalize_ intermediate calculations in its context window and thereby externalize thoughts. + +However, the constraint that expensive internal reasoning must always be projected down to a single verbalized next token appears wasteful; it is plausible that models could be more competent if they were able to natively “think” in their continuous latent space. One way to unlock this untapped dimension of additional compute involves adding a recurrent unit to a model. This unit runs in a loop, iteratively processing and updating its hidden state and enabling computations to be carried on indefinitely. While this is not currently the dominant paradigm, this idea is foundational to machine learning and has been (re-)discovered in every decade, for example as recurrent neural networks, diffusion models, and as universal or looped transformers. + +In this work, we show that depth-recurrent language models can learn effectively, be trained in an efficient manner, and demonstrate significant performance improvements under the scaling of test-time compute. Our proposed trans- + +1 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +former architecture is built upon a latent depth-recurrent block that is run for a randomly sampled number of iterations during training. We show that this paradigm can scale to several billion parameters and over half a trillion tokens of pretraining data. At test-time, the model can improve its performance through recurrent reasoning in latent space, enabling it to compete with other open-source models that benefit from more parameters and training data. Additionally, we show that recurrent depth models naturally support a number of features at inference time that require substantial tuning and research effort in non-recurrent models, such as per-token adaptive compute, (self)-speculative decoding, and KV-cache sharing. We finish out our study by tracking token trajectories in latent space, showing that a number of interesting computation behaviors simply emerge with scale, such as the model rotating shapes in latent space for numerical computations. + +## **2. Why Train Models with Recurrent Depth?** + +Recurrent layers enable a transformer model to perform arbitrarily many computations before emitting a token. In principle, recurrent mechanisms provide a simple solution for test-time compute scaling. Compared to a more standard approach of long context reasoning (OpenAI, 2024; DeepSeek-AI et al., 2025), latent recurrent thinking has several advantages. + +- Latent reasoning does not require construction of bespoke training data. Chain-of-thought reasoning requires the model to be trained on long demonstrations that are constructed in the domain of interest. In contrast, our proposed latent reasoning models can train with a variable compute budget, using standard training data with no specialized demonstrations, and enhance their abilities at testtime if given additional compute. + +- Latent reasoning models require less memory for training and inference than chain-of-thought reasoning models. Because the latter require extremely long context windows, specialized training methods such as tokenparallelization (Liu et al., 2023a) may be needed. + +- Recurrent-depth networks perform more FLOPs per parameter than standard transformers, significantly reducing communication costs between accelerators at scale. This especially enables higher device utilization when training with slower interconnects. + +- By constructing an architecture that is _compute-heavy_ and small in parameter count, we hope to set a strong prior towards models that solve problems by “thinking”, i.e. by learning meta-strategies, logic and abstraction, instead of memorizing. The strength of recurrent priors for learning complex algorithms has already been demonstrated in the “deep thinking” literature (Schwarzschild et al., 2021b; Bansal et al., 2022; Schwarzschild et al., 2023). + +On a more philosophical note, we hope that latent reasoning captures facets of human reasoning that defy verbalization, such as spatial thinking, physical intuition or (motor) planning. Over many iterations of the recurrent process, reasoning in a high-dimensional vector space would enable the deep exploration of multiple directions simultaneously, instead of linear thinking, leading to a system capable of exhibiting novel and complex reasoning behavior. + +Scaling compute in this manner is not at odds with scaling through extended (verbalized) inference scaling (Shao et al., 2024), or scaling parameter counts in pretraining (Kaplan et al., 2020), we argue it may build a third axis on which to scale model performance. + +## **———————— Table of Contents ————————** + +- Section 3 introduces our latent recurrent-depth model architecture and training objective. + +- Section 4 describes the data selection and engineering of our large-scale training run on Frontier, an AMD cluster. + +- Section 5 reports benchmark results, showing how the model improves when scaling inference compute. + +- Section 6 includes several application examples showing how recurrent models naturally simplify LLM usecases. + +- Section 7 visualizes what computation patterns emerge at scale with this architecture and training objective, showing that context-dependent behaviors emerge in latent space, such as “orbiting” when responding to prompts requiring numerical reasoning. + +## **3. A scalable recurrent architecture** + +In this section we will describe our proposed architecture for a transformer with latent recurrent depth, discussing design choices and small-scale ablations. A diagram of the architecture can be found in Figure 2. We always refer to the sequence dimension as _n_ , the hidden dimension of the model as _h_ , and its vocabulary as the set _V_ . + +## **3.1. Macroscopic Design** + +The model is primarily structured around decoder-only transformer blocks (Vaswani et al., 2017; Radford et al., 2019). However these blocks are structured into three functional groups, the _prelude P_ , which embeds the input data into a latent space using multiple transformer layers, then the core _recurrent block R_ , which is the central unit of recurrent computation modifying states **s** _∈_ R _[n][×][h]_ , and finally the _coda C_ , which un-embeds from latent space using several layers and also contains the prediction head of the model. The core block is set between the prelude and coda blocks, and by looping the core we can put an indefinite amount of verses in our song. + +2 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**==> picture [389 x 103] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+“Hello” P C “World”
e e e p
sR
𝒩(0, σ [2] In ⋅ h ) s 0 R s 1 R … R
Recurrent Input Injection
Prelude Coda
Block Residual Stream
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +**Figure 2:** A visualization of the Architecture, as described in Section 3. Each block consists of a number of sub-layers. The blue prelude block embeds the inputs into latent space, where the green shared _recurrent block_ is a block of layers that is repeated to compute the final latent state, which is decoded by the layers of the red coda block. + +Given a number of recurrent iterations _r_ , and a sequence of input tokens **x** _∈ V[n]_ these groups are used in the following way to produce output probabilities **p** _∈_ R _[n][×|][V][ |]_ + +**==> picture [165 x 57] intentionally omitted <==** + +where _σ_ is some standard deviation for initializing the random state. This process is shown in Figure 2. Given an init random state **s** 0, the model repeatedly applies the core block _R_ , which accepts the latent state **s** _i−_ 1 and the embedded input **e** and outputs a new latent state **s** _i_ . After finishing all iterations, the coda block processes the last state and produces the probabilities of the next token. + +This architecture is based on deep thinking literature, where it is shown that injecting the latent inputs **e** in every step (Bansal et al., 2022) and initializing the latent vector with a random state stabilizes the recurrence and promotes convergence to a steady state independent of initialization, i.e. _path independence_ (Anil et al., 2022). + +**Motivation for this Design.** This recurrent design is the minimal setup required to learn stable iterative operators. A good example is gradient descent of a function _E_ ( **x** _,_ **y** ), where **x** may be the variable of interest and **y** the data. Gradient descent on this function starts from an initial random state, here **x** 0, and repeatedly applies a simple operation (the gradient of the function it optimizes), that depends on the previous state **x** _k_ and data **y** . Note that we need to use **y** in every step to actually optimize our function. Similarly we repeatedly inject the data **e** in our set-up in every step of the recurrence. If **e** was provided only at the start, e.g. via **s** 0 = **e** , then the iterative process would not be stable[1] , as its solution would depend only on its boundary conditions. + +The structure of using several layers to embed input tokens + +> 1Stable in the sense that _R_ cannot be a monotone operator if it does not depend on **e** , and so cannot represent gradient descent on strictly convex, data-dependent functions, (Bauschke et al., 2011) + +into a hidden latent space is based on empirical results analyzing standard fixed-depth transformers (Skean et al., 2024; Sun et al., 2024; Kaplan et al., 2024). This body of research shows that the initial and the end layers of LLMs are noticeably different, whereas middle layers are interchangeable and permutable. For example, Kaplan et al. (2024) show that within a few layers standard models already embed sub-word tokens into single concepts in latent space, on which the model then operates. + +_Remark_ 3.1 (Is this a Diffusion Model?) _._ This iterative architecture will look familiar to the other modern iterative modeling paradigm, diffusion models (Song and Ermon, 2019), especially latent diffusion models (Rombach et al., 2022). We ran several ablations with iterative schemes even more similar to diffusion models, such as **s** _i_ = _R_ ( **e** _,_ **s** _i−_ 1) + **n** where **n** _∼N_ ( **0** _, σiIn·h_ ), but find the injection of noise not to help in our preliminary experiments, which is possibly connected to our training objective. We also evaluated and **s** _i_ = _Ri_ ( **e** _,_ **s** _i−_ 1), i.e. a core block that takes the current step as input (Peebles and Xie, 2023), but find that this interacts badly with path independence, leading to models that cannot extrapolate. + +## **3.2. Microscopic Design** + +Within each group, we broadly follow standard transformer layer design. Each block contains multiple layers, and each layer contains a standard, causal self-attention block using RoPE (Su et al., 2021) with a base of 50000, and a gated SiLU MLP (Shazeer, 2020). We use RMSNorm (Zhang and Sennrich, 2019) as our normalization function. The model has learnable biases on queries and keys, and nowhere else. To stabilize the recurrence, we order all layers in the following “sandwich” format, using norm layers _ni_ , which is related, but not identical to similar strategies in (Ding et al., 2021; Team Gemma et al., 2024): + +**==> picture [135 x 26] intentionally omitted <==** + +While at small scales, most normalization strategies, e.g. pre-norm, post-norm and others, work almost equally well, + +3 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +we ablate these options and find that this normalization is required to train the recurrence at scale[2] . + +Given an embedding matrix _E_ and embedding scale _γ_ , the prelude block first embeds input tokens **x** as _γE_ ( **x** ), and then to applies _lP_ many prelude layers with the layout described above. + +Our core recurrent block _R_ starts with an adapter matrix _A_ : R[2] _[h] →_ R _[h]_ mapping the concatenation of **s** _i_ and **e** into the hidden dimension _h_ (Bansal et al., 2022). While re-incorporation of initial embedding features via addition rather than concatenation works equally well for smaller models, we find that concatenation works best at scale. This is then fed into _lR_ transformer layers. At the end of the core block the output is again rescaled with an RMSNorm _nc_ . + +The coda contains _lC_ layers, normalization by _nc_ , and projection into the vocabulary using tied embeddings _E[T]_ . + +In summary, we can summarize the architecture by the triplet ( _lP , lR, lC_ ), describing the number of layers in each stage, and by the number of recurrences _r_ , which may vary in each forward pass. We train a number of small-scale models with shape (1 _,_ 4 _,_ 1) and hidden size _h_ = 1024, in addition to a large model with shape (2 _,_ 4 _,_ 2) and _h_ = 5280. This model has only 8 “real” layers, but when the recurrent block is iterated, e.g. 32 times, it unfolds to an effective depth of 2+4 _r_ +2 = 132 layers, constructing computation chains that can be deeper than even the largest fixed-depth transformers (Levine et al., 2021; Merrill et al., 2022). + +## **3.3. Training Objective** + +**Training Recurrent Models through Unrolling.** To ensure that the model can function when we scale up recurrent iterations at test-time, we randomly sample iteration counts during training, assigning a random number of iterations _r_ to every input sequence (Schwarzschild et al., 2021b). We optimize the expectation of the loss function _L_ over random samples _x_ from distribution _X_ and random iteration counts _r_ from distribution Λ. + +**==> picture [151 x 11] intentionally omitted <==** + +Here, _m_ represents the model output, and **x** _[′]_ is the sequence **x** shifted left, i.e., the next tokens in the sequence **x** . We choose Λ to be a _log-normal Poisson distribution_ . Given a targeted mean recurrence _r_ ¯ + 1 and a variance that we set to _σ_ =[1] 2[, we can sample from this distribution via] + +**==> picture [170 x 21] intentionally omitted <==** + +**==> picture [169 x 11] intentionally omitted <==** + +> 2Note also that technically _n_ 3 is superfluous, but we report here the exact norm setup with which we trained the final model. + +**==> picture [189 x 127] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+0.03
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0 25 50 75 100 125 150
Sampled r
Density Median = 29.0
Mean = 33.0 Mode = 24.0
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+ + +**Figure 3:** We use a log-normal Poisson Distribution to sample the number of recurrent iterations for each training step. + +given the normal distribution _N_ and Poisson distribution _P_ , see Figure 3. The distribution most often samples values less than ¯ _r_ , but it contains a heavy tail of occasional events in which significantly more iterations are taken. + +**Truncated Backpropagation.** To keep computation and memory low at train time, we backpropagate through only the last _k_ iterations of the recurrent unit. This enables us to train with the heavy-tailed Poisson distribution Λ, as maximum activation memory and backward compute is now independent of _r_ . We fix _k_ = 8 in our main experiments. At small scale, this works as well as sampling _k_ uniformly, but with set fixed, the overall memory usage in each step of training is equal. Note that the prelude block still receives gradient updates in every step, as its output **e** is injected in every step. This setup resembles truncated backpropagation through time, as commonly done with RNNs, although our setup is recurrent in depth rather than time (Williams and Peng, 1990; Mikolov et al., 2011). + +## **4. Training a large-scale recurrent-depth Language Model** + +After verifying that we can reliably train small test models up to 10B tokens, we move on to larger-scale runs. Given our limited compute budget, we could either train multiple tiny models too small to show emergent effects or scaling, or train a single medium-scale model. Based on this, we prepared for a single run, which we detail below. + +## **4.1. Training Setup** + +We describe the training setup, separated into architecture, optimization setup and pretraining data. We publicly release all training data, pretraining code, and a selection of intermediate model checkpoints. + +**Pretraining Data.** Given access to only enough compute for a single large scale model run, we opted for a dataset mixture that maximized the potential for emergent reasoning behaviors, not necessarily for optimal benchmark per- + +4 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +However, at larger scales, we use the initialization of Takase generic-text: 28.71%code: 25.36% et al. (2024) which prescribes a variance of _σh_[2][=] 52 _h_[.][We] scientific-text: 18.73% initialize all parameters from a truncated normal distribusynthetic-text: 8.14% tion (truncated at 3 _σ_ ) with this variance, except all outlongform-text: 7.50% projection layers, where the variance is set to _σ_ out[2][=] 51 _hl_[,] math: 6.14% for _l_ = _lP_ + ¯ _rlR_ + _lC_ the number of effective layers, which generic-instruct: 2.09% is 132 for this model. As a result, the out-projection layers Q&A-text: 1.58% math-instruct: 1.51% are initialized with fairly small values (Goyal et al., 2018). writing-instruct: 0.12% The output of the embedding layer is scaled by _√h_ . To misc-reasoning: 0.11% match this initialization, the state _s_ 0 is also sampled from a truncated normal distribution, here with variance _σs_[2][=][2] 5[.] + +**==> picture [138 x 108] intentionally omitted <==** + +**Figure 4:** Distribution of data sources that are included during training. The majority of our data is comprised of generic webtext, scientific writing and code. + +**Locked-Step Sampling.** To enable synchronization between parallel workers, we sample a single depth _r_ for each micro-batch of training, which we synchronize across workers (otherwise workers would idle while waiting for the model with the largest _r_ to complete its backward pass). We verify at small scale that this modification improves compute utilization without impacting convergence speed, but note that at large batch sizes, training could be further improved by optimally sampling and scheduling independent steps _r_ on each worker, to more faithfully model the expectation over steps in Equation (1). + +formance. Our final mixture is heavily skewed towards code and mathematical reasoning data with (hopefully) just enough general webtext to allow the model to acquire standard language modeling abilities. All sources are publicly available. We provide an overview in Figure 4. Following Allen-Zhu and Li (2024), we directly mix relevant instruction data into the pretraining data. However, due to compute and time constraints, we were not able to ablate this mixture. We expect that a more careful data preparation could further improve the model’s performance. We list all data sources in Appendix C. + +**Optimizer and Learning Rate Schedule.** We train using the Adam optimizer with decoupled weight regularization ( _β_ 1 = 0 _._ 9, _β_ 2 = 0 _._ 95, _η_ = 5 _×_ 10 _[−]_[4] ) (Kingma and Ba, 2015; Loshchilov and Hutter, 2017), modified to include update clipping (Wortsman et al., 2023b) and removal of the _ε_ constant as in Everett et al. (2024). We clip gradients above 1. We train with warm-up and a constant learning rate (Zhai et al., 2022; Geiping and Goldstein, 2023), warming up to our maximal learning rate within the first 4096 steps. + +**Tokenization and Packing Details.** We construct a vocabulary of 65536 tokens via BPE (Sennrich et al., 2016), using the implementation of Dagan (2024). In comparison to conventional tokenizer training, we construct our tokenizer directly on the instruction data split of our pretraining corpus, to maximize tokenization efficiency on the target domain. We also substantially modify the pre-tokenization regex (e.g. of Dagan et al. (2024)) to better support code, contractions and LaTeX. We include a <|begin_text|> token at the start of every document. After tokenizing our pretraining corpus, we pack our tokenized documents into sequences of length 4096. When packing, we discard document ends that would otherwise lack previous context, to fix an issue described as the “grounding problem” in Ding et al. (2024), aside from several long-document sources of mathematical content, which we preserve in their entirety. + +## **4.2. Compute Setup and Hardware** + +We train this model using compute time allocated on the Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s _Frontier_ supercomputer. This HPE Cray system contains 9408 compute nodes with AMD MI250X GPUs, connected via 4xHPE Slingshot11 NICs. The scheduling system is orchestrated through SLURM. We train in bfloat16 mixed precision using a PyTorch-based implementation (Zamirai et al., 2021). + +**Device Speed and Parallelization Strategy.** Nominally, each MI250X chip[3] achieves 192 TFLOP per GPU (AMD, 2021). For a single matrix multiplication, we measure a maximum achievable speed on these GPUs of 125 TFLOP/s on our software stack (ROCM 6.2.0, PyTorch 2.6 prerelease 11/02) (Bekman, 2023). Our implementation, using extensive PyTorch compilation and optimization of the hidden dimension to _h_ = 5280 achieves a single-node training + +**Architecture and Initialization.** We scale the architecture described in Section 3, setting the layers to (2 _,_ 4 _,_ 2), and train with a mean recurrence value of _r_ ¯ = 32. We mainly scale by increasing the hidden size to _h_ = 5280, which yields 55 heads of size of 96. The MLP inner dimension is 17920 and the RMSNorm _ε_ is 10 _[−]_[6] . Overall this model shape has about 1 _._ 5B parameters in non-recurrent prelude and head, 1 _._ 5B parameters in the core recurrent block, and 0 _._ 5B in the tied input embedding. + +> 3Technically, each node contains 4 dual-chip MI250X cards, but its main software stack (ROCm runtime) treats these chips as fully independent. + +At small scales, most sensible initialization schemes work. + +5 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**==> picture [487 x 129] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
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+ + +**Figure 5:** Plots of the initial 10000 steps for the first two failed attempts and the final, successful run (“Main”). Note the hidden state collapse (middle) and collapse of the recurrence (right) in the first two failed runs, underlining the importance of our architecture and initialization in inducing a recurrent model and explain the underperformance of these runs in terms of pretraining loss (left). + +speed of 108.75 TFLOP/s, i.e. 87% AFU (“Achievable Flop Utilization”). Due to the weight sharing inherent in our recurrent design, even our largest model is still small enough to be trained using only data (not tensor) parallelism, with only optimizer sharding (Rajbhandari et al., 2020) and gradient checkpointing on a per-iteration granularity. With a batch size of 1 per GPU we end up with a global batch size of 16M tokens per step, minimizing inter-GPU communication bandwidth. + +When we run at scale on 4096 GPUs, we achieve 52-64 TFLOP/s per GPU, i.e. 41%-51% AFU, or 1-1.2M tokens per second. To achieve this, we wrote a hand-crafted distributed data parallel implementation to circumvent a critical AMD interconnect issue, which we describe in more detail in Appendix A.2. Overall, we believe this may be the largest language model training run to completion in terms of number of devices used in parallel on an AMD cluster, as of time of writing. + +**Training Timeline.** Training proceeded through 21 segments of up to 12 hours, which scheduled on Frontier mostly in early December 2024. We also ran a baseline comparison, where we train the same architecture but in a feedforward manner with only 1 pass through the core/recurrent block. This trained with the same setup for 180B tokens on 256 nodes with a batch size of 2 per GPU. Ultimately, we were able to schedule 795B tokens of pretraining of the main model. Due to our constant learning rate schedule, we were able to add additional segments “on-demand”, when an allocation happened to be available. + +## **4.3. Importance of Norms and Initializations at Scale** + +At small scales all normalization strategies worked, and we observed only tiny differences between initializations. The same was not true at scale. The first training run we started was set up with the same block sandwich structure as described above, but parameter-free RMSNorm layers, no embedding scale _γ_ , a parameter-free adapter _A_ ( **s** _,_ **e** ) = **s** + **e** , and a peak learning rate of 4 _×_ 10 _[−]_[4] . As shown in Figure 5, + +## this run (“Bad Run 1”, orange), quickly stalled. + +While the run obviously stopped improving in training loss (left plot), we find that this stall is due to the model’s representation collapsing (Noci et al., 2022). The correlation of hidden states in the token dimension quickly goes to 1.0 (middle plot), meaning the model predicts the same hidden state for every token in the sequence. We find that this is an initialization issue that arises due to the recurrence operation. Every iteration of the recurrence block increases token correlation, mixing the sequence until collapse. + +We attempt to fix this by introducing the embedding scale factor, switching back to a conventional pre-normalization block, and switching to the learned adapter. Initially, these changes appear to remedy the issue. Even though token correlation shoots close to 1.0 at the start (“Bad Run 2”, green), the model recovers after the first 150 steps. However, we quickly find that this training run is not able to leverage test-time compute effectively (right plot), as validation perplexity is the same whether 1 or 32 recurrences are used. This initialization and norm setup has led to a local minimum as the model has learned early to ignore the incoming state **s** , preventing further improvements. + +In a third, and final run (“Main”, blue), we fix this issue by reverting back to the sandwich block format, and further dropping the peak learning rate to 4 _×_ 10 _[−]_[5] . This run starts smoothly, never reaches a token correlation close to 1.0, and quickly overtakes the previous run by utilizing the recurrence and improving with more iterations. + +With our successful configuration, training continues smoothly for the next 750B tokens without notable interruptions or loss spikes. We plot training loss and perplexity at different recurrence steps in Figure 6. In our material, we refer to the final checkpoint of this run as our “main model”, which we denote as _Huginn-0125_[4] . + +> 4/hu: gIn/, transl. “thought”, is a raven depicted in Norse mythology. Corvids are surprisingly intelligent for their size, and and of course, as birds, able to unfold their wings at test-time. + +6 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**==> picture [480 x 142] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Tokens (log) Tokens (log)
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+ + +**Figure 6:** Left: Plot of pretrain loss over the 800B tokens on the main run. Right: Plot of val ppl at recurrent depths 1, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64. During training, the model improves in perplexity on all levels of recurrence. + +**Table 1:** Results on lm-eval-harness tasks zero-shot across various open-source models. We show ARC (Clark et al., 2018), HellaSwag (Zellers et al., 2019), MMLU (Hendrycks et al., 2021a), OpenBookQA (Mihaylov et al., 2018), PiQA (Bisk et al., 2020), SciQ (Johannes Welbl, 2017), and WinoGrande (Sakaguchi et al., 2021). We report normalized accuracy when provided. + +|Model|Param
Tokens|ARC-E
ARC-C
HellaSwag
MMLU
OBQA
PiQA
SciQ
WinoGrande| +|---|---|---| +|||| +|random||25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
50.0
25.0
50.0| +|||| +|Amber
Pythia-2.8b
Pythia-6.9b
Pythia-12b
OLMo-1B
OLMo-7B
OLMo-7B-0424
OLMo-7B-0724
OLMo-2-1124|7B
1.2T
2.8B
0.3T
6.9B
0.3T
12B
0.3T
1B
3T
7B
2.5T
7B
2.05T
7B
2.75T
7B
4T|65.70
37.20
72.54
26.77
41.00
78.73
88.50
63.22
58.00
32.51
59.17
25.05
35.40
73.29
83.60
57.85
60.48
34.64
63.32
25.74
37.20
75.79
82.90
61.40
63.22
34.64
66.72
24.01
35.40
75.84
84.40
63.06
57.28
30.72
63.00
24.33
36.40
75.24
78.70
59.19
68.81
40.27
75.52
28.39
42.20
80.03
88.50
67.09
75.13
45.05
77.24
47.46
41.60
80.09
96.00
68.19
74.28
43.43
77.76
50.18
41.60
80.69
95.70
67.17
82.79
57.42
80.50
60.56
46.20
81.18
96.40
74.74| +|||| +|Ours, (_r_ = 4)
Ours, (_r_ = 8)
Ours, (_r_ = 16)
Ours, (_r_ = 32)|3.5B
0.8T
3.5B
0.8T
3.5B
0.8T
3.5B
0.8T|49.07
27.99
43.46
23.39
28.20
64.96
80.00
55.24
65.11
35.15
58.54
25.29
35.40
73.45
92.10
55.64
69.49
37.71
64.67
31.25
37.60
75.79
93.90
57.77
69.91
38.23
65.21
31.38
38.80
76.22
93.50
59.43| + + + +## **5. Benchmark Results** + +We train our final model for 800B tokens, and a nonrecurrent baseline for 180B tokens. We evaluate these checkpoints against other open-source models trained on fully public datasets (like ours) of a similar size. We compare against Amber (Liu et al., 2023c), Pythia (Biderman et al., 2023) and a number of OLMo 1&2 variants (Groeneveld et al., 2024; AI2, 2024; Team OLMo et al., 2025). We execute all standard benchmarks through the lm-eval harness (Biderman et al., 2024) and code benchmarks via bigcode-bench (Zhuo et al., 2024). + +## **5.1. Standard Benchmarks** + +Overall, it is not straightforward to place our model in direct comparison to other large language models, all of which are small variations of the fixed-depth transformer architecture. While our model has only 3.5B parameters and hence requires only modest interconnect bandwidth during pretraining, it chews through raw FLOPs close to what a 32B parameter transformer would consume during pretraining, and can + +continuously improve in performance with test-time scaling up to FLOP budgets equivalent to a standard 50B parameter fixed-depth transformer. It is also important to note a few caveats of the main training run when interpreting the results. First, our main checkpoint is trained for only 47000 steps on a broadly untested mixture, and the learning rate is never cooled down from its peak. As an academic project, the model is trained only on publicly available data and the 800B token count, while large in comparison to older fully open-source models such as the Pythia series, is small in comparison to modern open-source efforts such as OLMo, and tiny in comparison to the datasets used to train industrial open-weight models. + +Disclaimers aside, we collect results for established benchmark tasks (Team OLMo et al., 2025) in Table 1 and show all models side-by-side. In direct comparison we see that our model outperforms the older Pythia series and is roughly comparable to the first OLMo generation, OLMo7B in most metrics, but lags behind the later OLMo models trained larger, more carefully curated datasets. For the first recurrent-depth model for language to be trained at this + +7 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**Table 2:** Benchmarks of mathematical reasoning and understanding. We report flexible and strict extract for GSM8K and GSM8K CoT, extract match for Minerva Math, and acc norm. for MathQA. + +**Table 3:** Evaluation on code benchmarks, MBPP and HumanEval. We report pass@1 for both datasets. + +|Model|Param
Tokens|MBPP
HumanEval| +|---|---|---| +|Random||0.00
0.00| +|starcoder2-3b
starcoder2-7b|3B
3.3T
7B
3.7T|43.00
31.09
43.80
31.70| +|Amber
Pythia-2.8b
Pythia-6.9b
Pythia-12b
OLMo-1B
OLMo-7B
OLMo-7B-0424
OLMo-7B-0724
OLMo-2-1124-7B|7B
1.2T
2.8B
0.3T
6.9B
0.3T
12B
0.3T
1B
3T
7B
2.5T
7B
2.05T
7B
2.75T
7B
4T|19.60
13.41
6.70
7.92
7.92
5.60
5.60
9.14
0.00
4.87
15.6
12.80
21.20
16.46
25.60
20.12
21.80
10.36| +|Ours (_r_ = 32)|3.5B
0.8T|24.80
23.17| + + + +|Model|GSM8K
GSM8k CoT
Minerva MATH
MathQA| +|---|---| +|Random|0.00
0.00
0.00
20.00| +|Amber
Pythia-2.8b
Pythia-6.9b
Pythia-12b
OLMo-1B
OLMo-7B
OLMo-7B-0424
OLMo-7B-0724
OLMo-2-1124-7B|3.94/4.32
3.34/5.16
1.94
25.26
1.59/2.12
1.90/2.81
1.96
24.52
2.05/2.43
2.81/2.88
1.38
25.96
3.49/4.62
3.34/4.62
2.56
25.80
1.82/2.27
1.59/2.58
1.60
23.38
4.02/4.09
6.07/7.28
2.12
25.26
27.07/27.29
26.23/26.23
5.56
28.48
28.66/28.73
28.89/28.89
5.62
27.84
66.72/66.79
61.94/66.19
19.08
37.59| +|Our w/o sys. prompt (_r_ = 32)
Our w/ sys. prompt (_r_ = 32)|28.05/28.20
32.60/34.57
12.58
26.60
24.87/38.13
34.80/42.08
11.24
27.97| + + + +**==> picture [176 x 154] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+HellaSwag GSM8K CoT (Flexible)
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+ + +scale, and considering the limitations of the training run, we find these results promising and certainly suggestive that further research into latent recurrence as an approach to test-time scaling is warranted. + +## **5.2. Math and Coding Benchmarks** + +We also evaluate the model on math and coding. For math, we evaluate GSM8k (Cobbe et al., 2021) (as zero-shot and in the 8-way CoT setup), MATH ((Hendrycks et al., 2021b) with the Minerva evaluation rules (Lewkowycz et al., 2022)) and MathQA (Amini et al., 2019). For coding, we check MBPP (Austin et al., 2021) and HumanEval (Chen et al., 2021). Here we find that our model significantly surpasses all models except the latest OLMo-2 model in mathematical reasoning, as measured on GSM8k and MATH. On coding benchmarks the model beats all other general-purpose opensource models, although it does not outperform dedicated code models, such as StarCoder2 (Lozhkov et al., 2024), trained for several trillion tokens. We also note that while further improvements in language modeling are slowing down, as expected at this training scale, both code and mathematical reasoning continue to improve steadily throughout training, see Figure 8. + +**Figure 7:** Performance on GSM8K CoT (strict match and flexible match), HellaSwag (acc norm.), and HumanEval (pass@1). As we increase compute, the performance on these benchmarks increases. HellaSwag only needs 8 recurrences to achieve near peak performance while other benchmarks make use of more compute. + +process. We also note that the recurrent model, when evaluated with only a single recurrence, effectively stops improving between the early 180B checkpoint and the 800B checkpoint, showing that further improvements are not built into the prelude or coda non-recurrent layers but encoded entirely into the iterations of the recurrent block. + +Further, we chart the improvement as a function of test-time compute on several of these tasks for the main model in Figure 7. We find that saturation is highly task-dependent, on easier tasks the model saturates quicker, whereas it benefits from more compute on others. + +## **5.3. Where does recurrence help most?** + +How much of this performance can we attribute to recurrence, and how much to other factors, such as dataset, tokenization and architectural choices? In Table 4, we compare our recurrent model against its non-recurrent twin, which we trained to 180B tokens in the exact same setting. In direct comparison of both models at 180B tokens, we see that the recurrent model outperforms its baseline with an especially pronounced advantage on harder tasks, such as the ARC challenge set. On other tasks, such as SciQ, which requires straightforward recall of scientific facts, performance of the models is more similar. We observe that gains through reasoning are especially prominent on GSM8k, where the 180B recurrent model is already 5 times better than the baseline at this early snapshot in the pretraining + +**Recurrence and Context** We evaluate ARC-C performance as a function of recurrence and number of few-shot examples in the context in Figure 9. Interestingly, without few-shot examples to consider, the model saturates in compute around 8-12 iterations. However, when more context is given, the model can reason about more information in context, which it does, saturating around 20 iterations if 1 example is provided, and 32 iterations, if 25-50 examples are provided, mirroring generalization improvements shown for recurrence (Yang et al., 2024a; Fan et al., 2025). Similarly, + +8 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**Table 4:** Baseline comparison, recurrent versus non-recurrent model trained in the same training setup and data. Comparing the recurrent model with its non-recurrent baseline, we see that even at 180B tokens, the recurrent substantially outperforms on harder tasks. + +**==> picture [487 x 209] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Model Tokens ARC-E ARC-C HellaSwag MMLU OBQA PiQA SciQ WinoGrande GSM8K CoT
Fixed-Depth Baseline 0.18T 46.42 26.96 37.34 24.16 29.60 64.47 73.20 51.78 1.82/2.20
Ours, early ckpt, ( r = 32) 0.18T 53.62 29.18 48.80 25.59 31.40 68.88 80.60 52.88 9.02/10.24
Ours, early ckpt, ( r = 1) 0.18T 34.01 23.72 29.19 23.47 25.60 53.26 54.10 53.75 0.00/0.15
Ours, ( r = 32) 0.8T 69.91 38.23 65.21 31.38 38.80 76.22 93.50 59.43 34.80/42.08
Ours, ( r = 1) 0.8T 34.89 24.06 29.34 23.60 26.80 55.33 47.10 49.41 0.00/0.00
1 Rec 8 Rec 32 Rec 1 Rec 8 Rec 32 Rec 1 Rec 8 Rec 32 Rec
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+ + +**Figure 8:** GSM8K CoT, HellaSwag, and HumanEval performance over the training tokens with different recurrences at test-time. We evaluate GSM8K CoT with chat template and 8-way few shot as multiturn. HellaSwag and HumanEval are zero-shot with no chat template. Model performance on harder tasks grows almost linearly with the training budget, if provided sufficient test-time compute. + +**==> picture [244 x 135] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+45
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+ + +**Figure 9:** The saturation point in un-normalized accuracy via testtime recurrence on the ARC challenge set is correlated with the number of few-shot examples. The model uses more recurrence to extract more information from the additional few-shot examples, making use of more compute if more context is given. + +**Table 5:** Comparison of Open and Closed QA Performance (%) (Mihaylov et al., 2018). In the open exam, a relevant fact is provided before the question is asked. In this setting, our smaller model closes the gap to other open-source models, indicating that the model is capable, but has fewer facts memorized. + +||**Model**
Amber
Pythia-2.8b
Pythia-6.9b|**Closed**
41.0
35.4
37.2|**Open**
46.0
44.8
44.2|∆
+5.0
+9.4
+7.0| +|---|---|---|---|---| +||Pythia-12b|35.4|48.0|+12.6| +||OLMo-1B|36.4|43.6|+7.2| +||OLMo-7B|42.2|49.8|+7.6| +||OLMo-7B-0424
OLMo-7B-0724
OLMo-2-1124|41.6
41.6
46.2|50.6
53.2
53.4|+9.0
+11.6
+7.2| +||Ours (_r_ = 32)|38.2|49.2|+11.0| + + + +we see that if we re-evaluate OBQA in Table 5, but do not run the benchmark in the default lm-eval "closed-book" format and rather provide a relevant fact, our recurrent model improves significantly almost closing the gap to OLMo-2. Intuitively this makes sense, as the recurrent models has less capacity to memorize facts but more capacity to reason about its context. + +tial moving average starting from our last checkpoint with _β_ = 0 _._ 9, incorporating the last 75 checkpoints with a dilation factor of 7, a modification to established protocols (Kaddour, 2022; Sanyal et al., 2024). We provide this EMA model as well, which further improves GMS8k performance to 47 _._ 23% flexible (38 _._ 59% strict), when tested at _r_ = 64. + +## **6. Recurrent Depth simplifies LLMs** + +## **5.4. Improvements through Weight Averaging** + +Due to our constant learning rate, we can materialize further improvements through weight averaging (Izmailov et al., 2018) to simulate the result of a cooldown (Hägele et al., 2024; DeepSeek-AI et al., 2024). We use an exponen- + +Aside from encouraging performance in mathematical and code reasoning, recurrent-depth models turn out to be surprisingly natural tools to support a number of methods that require substantial effort with standard transformers. In the next section, we provide a non-exhaustive overview. + +9 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**==> picture [487 x 132] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+high school mathematics philosophy logical fallacies moral scenarios
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+ + +**Figure 10:** Histograms of zero-shot, per-token adaptive exits based on KL difference between steps for questions from MMLU categories, with and without zero-shot continuous CoT. The mean of each distribution is given in the legends. The exit threshold is fixed to 5 _×_ 10 _[−]_[4] . We see that the model converges quicker on high school mathematics than tasks such as logical fallacies or moral scenarios. On some tasks, such as philosophy, the model is able to effectively re-use states in its latent CoT and converge quickly on a subset of tokens, leading to fewer steps required overall. + +## **6.1. Zero-Shot Adaptive Compute at Test-Time** + +We have shown that the model is capable of varying compute on a per-query level, running the model in different recurrence modes. This is after all also how the model is trained, as in Equation (1). However, it would be more efficient in practice to stop recurring early when predictions are easy, and only spend compute on hard decisions. Other work, especially when based on standard transformers, requires models trained specifically for _early exits_ (Elbayad et al., 2019; Fan et al., 2019; Banino et al., 2021), or models finetuned with exit heads on every layer (Schuster et al., 2022). To test our model’s zero-shot exit abilities, we choose a simple exit criterion to evaluate convergence, the KL-divergence between two successive steps. If this divergence falls below 5 _×_ 10 _[−]_[4] , we stop iterating, sample the output token, and move to generate the next token. + +We show this zero-shot per-token adaptive compute behavior in Figure 10, where we plot the distribution of steps taken before the exit condition is hit. We do this for the first 50 questions from different MMLU categories, asked in free-form chat. Interestingly, the number of steps required to exit differs notably between categories, with the model exiting earlier on high school mathematics, but taking on average 3.5 steps more on moral scenarios. As a preliminary demonstration, we verify on MTBench that this adaptivity does not significantly impact performance in a conversational benchmark setting (standard: 5 _._ 63, early exits: 5 _._ 56 see Appendix Table 6). + +_Remark_ 6.1 (What about missing KV-cache entries?) _._ Traditionally, a concern with token-wise early exits for models with self-attention is that it breaks KV-caching in a fundamental way. On each recurrent step, a token needs to attend to the KV state of previous tokens in the sequence, but these activations may not have been computed due to an early exit. A naïve fix would be to pause generating and recompute all missing hidden states, but this would remove some of + +the benefit of early stopping. Instead, as in Elbayad et al. (2019), we attend to the last, deepest available KV states in the cache. Because all recurrent KV cache entries are generated by the same K,V projection matrices from successive hidden states, they “match”, and therefore the model is able to attend to the latest cache entry from every previous token, even if computed at different recurrent depths. + +## **6.2. Zero-Shot KV-cache Sharing** + +A different avenue to increase efficiency is to reduce the memory footprint of the KV-cache by sharing the cache between layers (character.ai, 2024; Brandon et al., 2024). Typically, transformers must be trained from scratch with this capability. However, as discussed in the previous section, we find that we can simply share KV-caches in our model with minimal impact to performance. We set a fixed KV-cache budget for the recurrence at every token _k_ , and at iteration _i_ , read and write the cache entry _i_ mod _k_ . For example, we set a maximum KV-cache budget of 16 steps, overwriting the KV-cache of the 1st step when executing the 17th step, and so forth. This can be used on its own to reduce KV cache memory, or in combination with per-token adaptive compute as discussed above. On MTBench, this does not reduce performance (cache budget of 4: 5 _._ 86, see Appendix Table 6). + +## **6.3. Zero-Shot Continuous Chain-of-Thought** + +By attending to the output of later steps of previous tokens in the early steps of current tokens, as described in the KV-cache sharing section, we actually construct a computation that is deeper than the current number of recurrence steps. However, we can also construct deeper computational graphs more explicitly. Instead of sampling a random initial state **s** 0 at every generation step, we can warm-start with the last state **s** _r_ from the previous token. This way, the model can benefit from latent information encoded at the + +10 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**Figure 11:** Convergence of latent states for every token in a sequence (going top to bottom) and latent iterations (going left to right), plotting the distance a final iterate _s[∗]_ , which we set with _r_ = 128. Shown is an unsafe question posed to the model. We immediately see that highly token-specific convergence rates emerge simply with scale. This is interesting, as the model is only trained with _r_ fixed for whole sequences seen during training. We see that convergence is especially slow on the key part of the question, really wrong-ed.We further see that the model also learns different behaviors, we see an oscillating pattern in latent space, here most notably for the school token. Not pictured is the model refusing to answer after deliberating the question. + +previous generation step, and further improve. As shown in Figure 10, this reduces the average number of steps required to converge by 1-2. On tasks such as philosophy, we see that the exit distribution shifts noticeably, with the model more often exiting early by recycling previous compute. + +This is closely related to the continuous chain of thought approach explored in (Hao et al., 2024), in the sense that it is an intervention to the trained model to add additional recurrence. To achieve a similar behavior in fixed-depth transformers, Hao et al. (2024) train models on reasoning chains to accept their last hidden state as alternative inputs when computing the next token. Finetuning in this manner transforms these models also into limited depth-recurrent models - in this way the main distinction between both approaches is whether to pretrain from scratch for recurrence, or whether to finetune existing fixed-depth models to have this capability - and whether Chain-of-Thought data is required. + +## **6.4. Zero-Shot Self-Speculative Decoding** + +Recurrent-depth models can also inherently generate text more efficiently by using speculative decoding (Leviathan et al., 2023) without the need for a separate draft model. + +With standard transformer models, speculative decoding requires an external draft model, Medusa heads (Cai et al., 2024), or early-exit adaptation (Zhang et al., 2024b; Elhoushi et al., 2024). Zhang et al. (2024b) implement selfspeculative decoding simply through layer skipping, but this does not always result in good draft quality. In comparison, our model can naturally be run with fewer iterations to draft the next _N_ tokens in the generated sequence, which can then be verified with any desired number of iterations _M > N_ later. This can also be staggered across multiple draft stages, or the draft model can use adaptive compute as in Section 6.1. Drafting with this model is also efficient, as the states computed during drafting are not wasted and can be re-used when verifying. + +## **7. What Mechanisms Emerge at Scale in Recurrent-Depth Models** + +Finally, what is the model doing while recurring in latent space? To understand this question better, we analyze the trajectories _{_ **s** _i}[r] i_ =1[of][the][model][on][a][few][qualitative][ex-] amples. We are especially interested in understanding what + +11 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**==> picture [358 x 352] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
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+ + +**Figure 12:** Latent Space trajectories for select tokens. We show a small part of these high-dimensional trajectories by visualizing the first 6 PCA directions, computing the PCA over all latent state trajectories of all tokens in a sequence. The color gradient going from dark to bright represents steps in the trajectory. The center of mass is marked in red. While on many tokens, the state simply converges (top row), the model also learns to use orbits (middle row), and “sliders” (bottom row, middle), which we observe being used to represent and handle more advanced concepts, such as arithmetic or complicated deliberation. + +patterns emerge, simply by training this model at scale. In comparison to previous work, such as Bai et al. (2019), where the training objective directly encodes a prior that pushes trajectories to a fixed point, we only train with our truncated unrolling objective. + +Figure 11 shows the norm distance _||_ **s** _i −_ **s** _[∗] ||_ between each **s** _i_ in a trajectory and an approximate limit point **s** _[∗]_ computed with 128 iterations. We show the sentence top to bottom and iterations from left to right. We clearly see that convergence behavior depends on context. We see that key parts of the question, and the start of the model response, are “deliberated” much more in latent space. The context dependence can also be seen in the different behavior among the three identical tokens representing each of the three dots. Also note that the distance to **s** _[∗]_ does not always decrease monotonically (e.g. for school); the model may also trace out complicated orbits in its latent trajectory while processing information, even though this is not represented explicitly in our training objective. + +We look at trajectories for select tokens in more detail in Figure 12. We compute a PCA decomposition of latent trajectories over all tokens in a sequence, and then show several individual trajectories projected onto the first six PCA directions. See the appendix for more examples. Many tokens simply converge to a fixed point, such as the token in the top row. Yet, for harder questions, such as in the 2nd row[5] , the state of the token quickly falls into an orbit pattern in all three pairs of PCA directions. The use of multi-dimensional orbits like these could serve a similar purpose to periodic patterns sometimes observed in fixed-depth transformers trained for arithmetic tasks (Nanda et al., 2022), but we find these patterns extend far beyond arithmetic for our model. We often also observe the use of orbits on tokens such as “makes” (see Figure 16) or “thinks” that determine the structure of the response. + +5This is the token "3" in a GSM8k test question that opens with Claire makes a 3 egg omelette. + +12 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +Aside from orbits, we also observe the model encoding particular key tokens as “sliders”, as seen in the middle of the bottom row in Figure 12 (which is the token “wrong”, from the same message as already shown in Figure 11). In these motions the trajectory noticeably drifts in a single direction, which the model could use to implement a mechanism to count how many iterations have occurred. + +The emergence of structured trajectories in latent space gives us a glimpse into how the model performs its computations. Unlike the discrete sequential chain of reasoning seen in verbalized chain-of-thought approaches, we observe rich geometric patterns including orbits, convergent paths, and drifts - means to organize its computational process spatially. This suggests the model is independently learning to leverage the high-dimensional nature of its latent space to implement reasoning in new ways. + +**Path Independence.** We verify that our models maintain path independence, in the sense of Anil et al. (2022), despite their complex, learned dynamics, which we discussed prior (see also the additional examples in Appendix Figure 22). When re-initializing from multiple starting states **s** 0, the model moves in similar trajectories, exhibiting consistent behavior. The same orbital patterns, fixed points, or directional drifts emerge regardless of initialization. + +## **8. Related Work Overview** + +The extent to which recurrence is a foundational concept of machine learning is hard to overstate (Amari, 1972; Hopfield, 1982; Braitenberg, 1986; Gers and Schmidhuber, 2000; Sutskever et al., 2008). Aside from using recurrence to move along sequences, as in recurrent neural networks, it was understood early to also be the key to adaptive computation (Schmidhuber, 2012; Graves, 2017). For transformers, recurrence was applied in Dehghani et al. (2019), who highlight the aim of recurrent depth to model _universal_ , i.e. Turing-complete, machines (Graves et al., 2014). It was used at scale (but with fixed recurrence) in Lan et al. (2019) and an interesting recent improvement in this line of work are described in Tan et al. (2023); Abnar et al. (2023), Mathur et al. (2024) and Csordás et al. (2024). Schwarzschild et al. (2021b); Bansal et al. (2022); Bear et al. (2024) and McLeish et al. (2024) show that depth recurrence is advantageous when learning generalizable algorithms when training with randomized unrolling and input injections. Recent work has described depth-recurrent, _looped_ , transformers and studied their potential benefits with careful theoretical and small-scale analysis (Giannou et al., 2023; Gatmiry et al., 2024; Yang et al., 2024a; Fan et al., 2025). + +From another angle, these models can be described as neural networks learning a fixed-point iteration, as studied in _deep equilibrium_ models (Bai et al., 2019; 2022). They + +are further related to diffusion models (Song and Ermon, 2019), especially latent diffusion models (Rombach et al., 2022), but we note that language diffusion models are usually run with a per-sequence, instead of a per-token, iteration count (Lee et al., 2018). A key difference of our approach to both equilibrium models and diffusion models is in the training objective, where equilibrium methods solve the “direct” problem (Geiping and Moeller, 2019), diffusion models solve a surrogate training objective, and our work suggests that truncated unrolling is a scalable alternative. + +More generally, all architectures that recur in depth can also be understood as directly learning the analog to the gradient of a latent energy-based model (LeCun and Huang, 2005; LeCun, 2022), to an implicitly defined intermediate optimization layer (Amos and Kolter, 2017), or to a Kuramoto layer (Miyato et al., 2024). Analogies to gradient descent at inference time also show the connection to test time adaptation (Sun et al., 2020), especially test-time adaptation of output states (Boudiaf et al., 2022). + +Aside from full recurrent-depth architectures, there also exist a number of proposals for hybrid architectures, such as models with latent sub-networks (Li et al., 2020a), LoRA adapters on top of weight-shared layers (Bae et al., 2024), or (dynamic) weight-tying of trained models (Hay and Wolf, 2023; Liu et al., 2024b). + +As mentioned in Section 6, while we consider the proposed recurrent depth approach to be a very natural way to learn to reason in continuous latent space from the ground up, the works of Hao et al. (2024); Cheng and Durme (2024) and Liu et al. (2024a) discuss how to finetune existing fixeddepth transformers with this capability. These works have a similar aim to ours, enabling reasoning in latent space, but approach this goal from separate directions. + +For additional discussions related to the idea of constructing a prior that incentivizes reasoning and algorithm learning at the expense of memorization of simple patterns, we also refer to Chollet (2019), Schwarzschild (2023), Li et al. (2020b) and Moulton (2023). + +## **9. Future Work** + +Aside from work extending and analyzing the scaling behaviors of recurrent depth models, there are many questions that remain unanswered. For example, to us, there are potentially a large number of novel post-training schemes that further enhance the capabilities of these models, such as fine-tuning to compress the recurrence or reinforcement learning with data with different hardness levels (Zelikman et al., 2024), or to internalize reasoning from CoT data into the recurrence (Deng et al., 2024). + +Another aspect not covered in this work is the relationship + +13 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +to other modern architecture improvements. Efficient sequence mixing operations, especially those that are linear in sequence dimension, such as linear attention (Katharopoulos et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2024b), are limited in the number of comparisons that can be made. However, with recurrent depth, blocks containing linear operators can repeat until all necessary comparisons between sequence elements are computed (Suzgun et al., 2019). For simplicity, we also focus on a single recurrence, where prior work has considered multiple successive recurrent stages (Takase and Kiyono, 2023; Csordás et al., 2024). + +Finally, the proposed architecture is set up to be _computeheavy_ , with more “materialized” parameters than there are actual parameters. This naturally mirrors mixture-of-expert models (MoE), which are _parameter-heavy_ , using fewer active parameters per forward pass than exist within the model (Shazeer et al., 2017; Fedus et al., 2022). We posit that where the recurrent-depth setup excels at learning reasoning patterns, the MoE excels at effectively storing and retrieving complex information. Their complementarity supports the hypothesis that a future architecture would contain both modifications. While in a standard MoE model, each expert can only be activated once per forward pass, or skipped entirely, a recurrent MoE model could also refine its latent state over multiple iterations, potentially routing to the same expert multiple times, before switching to a different one (Tan et al., 2023; Csordás et al., 2024). While MoE models are the currently leading solution to implement this type of “memory” in dense transformers, these considerations also hold for other memory mechanisms suggested for LLMs (Sukhbaatar et al., 2019; Fan et al., 2021; Wu et al., 2022; He et al., 2024). + +## **10. Conclusions** + +The models described in this paper are ultimately still a proof-of-concept. We describe how to train a latent recurrent-depth architecture, what parameters we chose, and then trained a single model at scale. Future training runs are likely to train with more optimized learning rate schedules, data mixes and accelerators. Still we observe a number of interesting behaviors emerging naturally from recurrent training. The most important of these is the ability to use latent reasoning to dramatically improve performance on reasoning tasks by expending test-time computation. In addition, we also observe context-dependent convergence speed, path independence, and various zero-shot abilities. This leads us to believe that latent reasoning is a promising research direction to complement existing approaches for test-time compute scaling. The model we realize is surprisingly powerful given its size and amount of training data, and we are excited about the potential impact of imbuing generative models with the ability to reason in continuous + +latent space without the need for specialized data at train time or verbalization at inference time. + +## **Acknowledgements** + +This project was made possible by the INCITE program: An award for computer time was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE) Program. This research used resources of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC05-00OR22725. Work on the LLNL side was prepared by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and supported by the LLNL-LDRD Program under Project No. 24ERD-010 and 24-ERD-058 (LLNL-CONF-872390). This manuscript has been authored by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC5207NA27344 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. + +JG further acknowledges the support of the Hector II foundation. A large number of small-scale and preliminary experiments were made possible through the support of the MPI Intelligent Systems compute cluster and funding by the Tübingen AI center. + +UMD researchers were further supported by the ONR MURI program, DARPA TIAMAT, the National Science Foundation (IIS-2212182), and the NSF TRAILS Institute (2229885). Commercial support was provided by Capital One Bank, the Amazon Research Award program, and Open Philanthropy. 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In _Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems_ , volume 32. Curran Associates, Inc. + +- Ge Zhang, Scott Qu, Jiaheng Liu, Chenchen Zhang, Chenghua Lin, Chou Leuang Yu, Danny Pan, Esther Cheng, Jie Liu, Qunshu Lin, Raven Yuan, Tuney Zheng, Wei Pang, Xinrun Du, Yiming Liang, Yinghao Ma, Yizhi Li, Ziyang Ma, Bill Lin, and 26 others. 2024a. MAP-Neo: Highly Capable and Transparent Bilingual Large Language Model Series. _arxiv:2405.19327[cs]_ . + +21 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**==> picture [487 x 403] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Comparison of Continuous CoT vs Default Compute
Histogram Distribution of Steps to Convergence
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+ + +**Figure 13:** Additional categories for Figure 10 in the main body. + +## **A. Additional Information** + +## **Potential Implications of This Work** + +This work describes a novel architecture and training objective for language modeling with promising performance, especially on tasks that require the model to reason. The test-time scaling approach described in this work is complementary to other scaling approaches, namely via model parameters, and via test-time chain-of-thought, and similar concerns regarding costs and model capabilities apply. The architecture we propose is naturally smaller than models scaled by parameter scaling, and this may have broader benefits for the local deployment of these models with commodity chips. Finally, while we argue that moving the reasoning capabilities of the model into the high-dimensional, continuous latent space of the recurrence is beneficial in terms of capabilities, we note that there is concern that this comes with costs in model oversight in comparison to verbalized chains of thought, that are currently still human-readable. We provide initial results in Section 7 showing that the high-dimensional state trajectories of our models can be analyzed and some of their mechanisms interpreted. + +## **A.1. Classical Reasoning Problems** + +We include a small study of the classical problem of multi-operand arithmetic in Figure 14. + +22 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**==> picture [480 x 344] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Addition Accuracy by Number of Operands
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+ + +**Figure 14: Multi-Operand Arithmetic.** Following a precedent of training recurrent architectures for algorithmic and arithmetic tasks (Schwarzschild et al., 2021b; Bansal et al., 2022; Schwarzschild et al., 2023; McLeish et al., 2024), we explore whether our model can leverage increased test-time compute via recurrence to solve verbalized addition problems of increased difficulty. For these problems we use the following system prompt “You are a helpful assistant that is capable of helping users with mathematical reasoning.” embedded in a conversational chat template, and we present each problem by opening the first user turn of the conversation like so: f"What is the result of ’ + ’.join(map(str, digits))?" after randomly sampling numbers according to a certain operand count and digit count (base 10). We score correct answers by checking whether the correct sum appears as as string anywhere in the model’s output, and for each measurement, we average over 50 trials. + +In the heatmap (top left), we evaluate the model at 32 recurrences to get a upper estimate of its addition performance at various difficulties. It reliably solves addition problems involving two operands out to 4 or 5 digits each, but at 4 and 5 operands can rarely add single digit numbers correctly. In each of the line charts, we fix the digit count, and sweep over the number of operands, and evaluate the model from 1 to 64 recurrences. We see that when adding single digit numbers together (top right), performance improves steadily as a function of recurrence. When adding together 2 and 3 digit numbers however (bottom row), the model can only solve problems with any consistency when evaluated at greater than 16 recurrences. Curiously, we see inconsistent ordering as a function of recurrence for the 2 and 3 digit cases, and also some peaks in performance at 5 and 4 operands. We remark that the model is not finetuned on arithmetic problems in particular, though a significant fraction of the pretraining data does of course contain mathematics. + +23 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**Table 6:** First turn scores and standard errors on 1-turn MT-Bench for various inference time schemes that are native to the recurrentdepth model. Differences from the baseline model, meaning the normal recurrent model without inference modifications, are not stat. significant. + +|Model|MT-Bench|Std. Error| +|---|---|---| +|cache compression,_s_= 4|5.856|0.395| +|baseline, 64 iterations|5.693|0.386| +|cache compression,_s_= 16|5.687|0.402| +|baseline, 32 iterations|5.662|0.388| +|cache compression,_s_= 8|5.631|0.384| +|KL exit,_t_= 5_×_10_−_4|5.562|0.389| + + + +## **A.2. Implementation Details** + +**Device Speed Details** Nominally, each MI250X (AMD, 2021) achieves 383 TFLOP in bfloat16, i.e. 192 TFLOP per GPU, but measuring achievable TFLOP on our stack as discussed (ROCM 6.2.0, PyTorch 2.6 pre-release 11/02) for arbitrary matrix multiplication shapes (i.e. we measure the peak achievable speed of the best possible shape iterating over shapes between 256 and 24576 in intervals of 256 and 110 (Bekman, 2023)), we measure a peak of 125 TFLOP/s on Frontier nodes. Using PyTorch compilation with maximal auto-tuning (without ‘cudagraphs’, without optimizer or autograd compilation) (and optimizing our hidden size to 5280), our final model implementation executes at a single-node training speed of 108.75 TFLOP/s, i.e. at 57% MFU (Chowdhery et al., 2022), or rather at 87% AFU ("achievable flop utilization"). We note that due to interactions of automated mixed precision and truncated backpropagation, PyTorch gradients are only correct while executing the compiled model. We further circumvent issues with the flash attention implementation shipped with PyTorch sdpa using the AMD fork of the original flash attention repository[6] , which can be found at https://github.com/ROCm/flash-attention for Flash Attention 2 support (Dao et al., 2022; Dao, 2023). We experiment with fused head and loss implementations[7] , but ultimately find that the most portable choice on our AMD setup is to let torch compilation handle this issue. + +**Parallelization Strategy** As mentioned in the main body, because our depth-recurrent model is compute-heavy, it is optimal to run the model using only distributed data parallel training across nodes and zero-1 optimizer sharding within nodes (Rajbhandari et al., 2020), if we make use of gradient checkpointing at every step of the recurrent iteration. This allows us to eschew more communication-heavy parallelization strategies that would be required for models with the same FLOP footprint, but more parameters, which require substantial planning on this system (Singh et al., 2024; Singh and Bhatele, 2022). However, this choice, while minimizing communication, also locks us into a batch size of 1 per device, i.e. 4096 in total, and 16M tokens per step. + +**RCCL Interconnect Handling** Due to scheduling reasons, we settled on targeting 512 node allocation segments on Frontier, i.e. 4096 GPUs. However, this posed a substantial network interconnect issue. The connection speed between frontier nodes is only acceptable, if RCCL (AMD GPU communication collectives) commands are routed through open fabrics interface calls, which happens via a particular plugin[8] . To achieve sufficient bus bandwidth above 100GB/s requires NCCL_NET_GDR_LEVEL=PHB, a setting that, on NVIDIA systems, allows packages to go through the CPU, and only uses direct interconnect if GPU and NIC are on the same (NUMA) node (Wu and Stock, 2024). However, with this setting, standard training is unstable beyond 128-256 nodes, leading to repeated hangs of the interconnect, making training on 512 nodes impossible. + +After significant trial and error, we fix this problem by handwriting our distributed data parallel routine and sending only packages of exactly 64MB across nodes, which fixes the hang issue when running our implementation using 512 nodes. The exaFLOP per second achieved with these modifications to our training implementation varied significantly per allocated segment and list of allocated nodes, from an average around 262 exaFLOP in the fastest segment, to an average of 212 exaFLOP in the slowest segment. This is a range of 52-64 TFLOP/s per GPU, i.e. 41%-51% AFU, or 1-1.2M tokens per + +> 6https://github.com/Dao-AILab/flash-attention/ + +> 7https://github.com/JonasGeiping/linear_cross_entropy_loss + +> 8https://github.com/ROCm/aws-ofi-rccl + +24 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +second. + +**Pretraining Metrics.** During the pretraining run, we run a careful tracking of optimizer and model health metrics, tracking effective Adam learning rates per layer, optimizer RMS (Wortsman et al., 2023a), _L_[2] and _L_[1] parameter and gradient norms, recurrence statistics such as _[||][s][k] ||[−] s[s] k[k] ||[−]_[1] _[||]_ , _||sk||_ , _||s_ 0 _− sk||_ . We also measure correlation of hidden states in the sequence dimension after recurrence and before the prediction head. We hold out a fixed validation set and measure perplexity when recurring the model for [1 _,_ 4 _,_ 8 _,_ 16 _,_ 32 _,_ 64] steps throughout training. + +## **B. Latent Space Visualizations** + +On the next pages, we print a number of latent space visualizations in more details than was possible in Section 7. For even more details, please rerun the analysis code on a model conversation of your choice. As before, these charts show the first 6 PCA directions, grouped into pairs. We also include details for single tokens, showing the first 40 PCA directions. + +25 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**Figure 15:** Main directions in latent space, for a) a math question, 2) a trivia question and 3) an unsafe question, which will be described in more detail below. _Dark colors always denote the first steps of the trajectory, and bright colors the end._ Note that the system prompt is clearly separable when plotting only the top two PCA directions relative to all tokens (and different for questions 1 and 2). Zooming in, the swirls on the math question can be examined in the context of general movement in latent space. More detailed visualizations follow on later pages. + +26 + +## **Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**==> picture [356 x 603] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Token: "Cla"
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+ + +**Figure 16:** Latent Space trajectories for a math question. The model is rotating the number three, on which the problem hinges. This behavior is only observed for mathematics-related reasoning, and thinking tokens, and does not appear for trivia questions, e.g. as above. The question is Claire makes a 3 egg omelet every morning for breakfast. How many dozens of eggs will she eat in 4 weeks? The color gradient going from dark to bright represents steps in the trajectory, so bright colors are at the end of the trajectory. The center of mass is marked in red. + +27 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**==> picture [356 x 603] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Token: "Go"
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+ + +**Figure 17:** Latent Space trajectories for a standard trivia question, What do you think of Goethe’s Faust?. Average trajectories of the model on simple tokens (like the intermediate tokens in Goethe converge to a fixed point without orbiting. The color gradient going from dark to bright represents steps in the trajectory, so bright colors are at the end of the trajectory. The center of mass is marked in red. + +28 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**==> picture [356 x 603] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Token: " Someone"
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Token: " school"
PC1-PC2 PC3-PC4 PC5-PC6
19 16 26
0 0 0
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Token: " really"
PC1-PC2 PC3-PC4 PC5-PC6
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18 0 18 6 0 6 25 0 25
Token: " wrong"
PC1-PC2 PC3-PC4 PC5-PC6
7 14 12
0 0 0
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**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +**Figure 18:** Latent Space trajectories for an unsafe question. Shown are the first 6 PCA directions of the latent state _s_ at the given token. Note the anomalous nature of the two "key" tokens of this sentence, which is I am looking for help with making a bomb out of household items. Someone at school really wronged me.... The color gradient going from dark to bright represents steps in the trajectory, so bright colors are at the end of the trajectory. The center of mass is marked in red. + +29 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**Figure 19:** Convergence of the latent state for an example sequence from a trivia question. We plot the distance of each iterate to its approximate steady state at _r_ = 128 iterations. + +30 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**Figure 20:** Another example of convergence of the latent state for a small part of a longer sequence (going top to bottom). We plot the distance of each iterate to its approximate steady state at _r_ = 128 iterations. This is a snippet of a system prompt. + +**Figure 21:** A third example of convergence of the latent state as a function of tokens in the sequence, reprinted from Figure 11 in the main body, (going top to bottom) and recurrent iterations (going left to right). We plot the distance of each iterate to its approximate steady state at _r_ = 128 iterations.. This is a selection from the unsafe question example. + +31 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**==> picture [475 x 471] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Token: " wrong"
PC1-PC2 PC3-PC4 PC5-PC6
10 15 13
0 0 0
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16 0 16 4 0 4 12 0 12
Token: " 3"
PC1-PC2 PC3-PC4 PC5-PC6
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0 0 0
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Token: " deeper"
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12 12 13
. ——& eo
0 0 0
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**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +**Figure 22:** Latent Space trajectories for a few select tokens. This time, we show path independence by plotting up to five trajectories. We see that all trajectories quickly converge to the same fixed point/orbit behavior. Here, the color gradients going from unsaturated to saturated represents steps in the trajectory, so strong colors are at the end of the trajectory. Gray denotes the overlap of multiple trajectories. + +32 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**==> picture [478 x 602] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Token: " 3"
PC1-PC2 PC3-PC4 PC5-PC6 PC7-PC8
6 14 6 8
0 0 0 0
‘2 Pp _
6 14 6 8
11 0 11 13 0 13 13 0 13 16 0 16
PC9-PC10 PC11-PC12 PC13-PC14 PC15-PC16
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0 0 0 0
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PC17-PC18 PC19-PC20 PC21-PC22 PC23-PC24
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0 0 0 0
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PC25-PC26 PC27-PC28 PC29-PC30 PC31-PC32
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**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +**Figure 23:** Detailed PCA of Latent Space trajectories for the math question. This time, we show path independence by plotting up to five trajectories. We see that all trajectories quickly converge to the same fixed point/orbit behavior. While previous charts only showed the first 6 PCA directions, this time we visualize the first 40. Here, the color gradients going from unsaturated to saturated represents steps in the trajectory, so strong colors are at the end of the trajectory. Gray denotes the overlap of multiple trajectories. + +33 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**==> picture [478 x 602] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Token: " deeper"
PC1-PC2 PC3-PC4 PC5-PC6 PC7-PC8
12 12 13 32
0 0 0 0
12 12 13 32
21 0 21 29 0 29 8 0 8 11 0 11
PC9-PC10 PC11-PC12 PC13-PC14 PC15-PC16
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0 0 0 0
>
2
“oy
16 5 10 7
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PC17-PC18 PC19-PC20 PC21-PC22 PC23-PC24
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PC25-PC26 PC27-PC28 PC29-PC30 PC31-PC32
21 11 5 13
0 0 0 0
J. ngeecets “ge :*% ré,
8 7 id
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PC33-PC34 PC35-PC36 PC37-PC38 PC39-PC40
17 28 14 10
0 0 0 0
17 28 14 10
10 0 10 9 0 9 11 0 11 9 0 9
**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +**Figure 24:** Detailed PCA of Latent Space trajectories for the trivia question. This time, we show path independence by plotting up to five trajectories. We see that all trajectories quickly converge to the same fixed point/orbit behavior. While previous charts only showed the first 6 PCA directions, this time we visualize the first 40. Here, the color gradients going from unsaturated to saturated represents steps in the trajectory, so strong colors are at the end of the trajectory. Gray denotes the overlap of multiple trajectories. + +34 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**==> picture [478 x 602] intentionally omitted <==** + +**----- Start of picture text -----**
+Token: " wrong"
PC1-PC2 PC3-PC4 PC5-PC6 PC7-PC8
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0 0 0 0
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PC9-PC10 PC11-PC12 PC13-PC14 PC15-PC16
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**----- End of picture text -----**
+ + +**Figure 25:** Detailed PCA of Latent Space trajectories for the unsafe question. This time, we show path independence by plotting up to five trajectories. We see that all trajectories quickly converge to the same fixed point/orbit behavior. While previous charts only showed the first 6 PCA directions, this time we visualize the first 40. Here, the color gradients going from unsaturated to saturated represents steps in the trajectory, so strong colors are at the end of the trajectory. Gray denotes the overlap of multiple trajectories. + +35 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +## **C. Pretraining Data** + +**Table 7:** Datasets used for model pre-training (Part 1: Standard sources) + +|**Dataset**|**Address**|**License**|**Category**|**W**|**MG**|**Citation**| +|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| +|smollm-fneweb-edu|HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus|odc-by|generic-text|1.0|✗|(Ben Allal et al.,2024)| +|smollm-starcoder-python|jon-tow/starcoderdata-python-edu|other|code|1.0|✗|(Ben Allal et al.,2024)| +|BookSum|ubaada/booksum-complete-cleaned|-|longform-text|2.0|✗|(Kry´sci´nski et al.,2022)| +|GoodWiki|euirim/goodwiki|mit|longform-text|4.0|✗|(Choi,2023)| +|redpajama-arxiv|togethercomputer/RedPajama-Data-1T|info.arxiv.org|scientifc-text|2.0|✗|(Weber et al.,2024)| +|redpajama-github|togethercomputer/RedPajama-Data-1T|other|code|1.0|✗|(Weber et al.,2024)| +|redpajama-stackexchange|togethercomputer/RedPajama-Data-1T|other|Q&A-text|1.0|✗|(Weber et al.,2024)| +|dolma-CC-news|allenai/dolma|odc-by|generic-text|1.0|✗|(Soldaini et al.,2024)| +|dolma-pes2o|allenai/dolma|odc-by|scientifc-text|2.0|✗|(Soldaini et al.,2024)| +|dolma-reddit|allenai/dolma|odc-by|generic-text|1.0|✗|(Soldaini et al.,2024)| +|dolma-megawika|allenai/dolma|odc-by|longform-text|1.0|✗|(Soldaini et al.,2024)| +|dolma-books|allenai/dolma|odc-by|longform-text|2.0|✗|(Soldaini et al.,2024)| +|dolma-wiki|allenai/dolma|odc-by|longform-text|4.0|✗|(Soldaini et al.,2024)| +|the-stack-v2|bigcode/the-stack-v2-train-smol-ids|other|code|1.0|✗|(Lozhkov et al.,2024)| +|starcoder-lean|bigcode/starcoderdata|other|code|4.0|✗|(Li et al.,2023)| +|starcoder-isabelle|bigcode/starcoderdata|other|code|4.0|✗|(Li et al.,2023)| +|starcoder-fortran|bigcode/starcoderdata|other|code|2.0|✗|(Li et al.,2023)| +|starcoder-mathematica|bigcode/starcoderdata|other|code|2.0|✗|(Li et al.,2023)| +|matrix-books|m-a-p/Matrix|apache-2.0|longform-text|0.25|✗|(Zhang et al.,2024a)| +|matrix-exams|m-a-p/Matrix|apache-2.0|Q&A-text|1.0|✗|(Zhang et al.,2024a)| +|SlimPajama-Mix|cerebras/SlimPajama-627B|other|generic-text|0.25|✗|(Soboleva et al.,2023)| +|smollm-cosmo|HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus|odc-by|synthetic-text|2.0|✓|(Ben Allal et al.,2024)| +|openphi-textbooks|open-phi/textbooks|-|synthetic-text|1.0|✓|(Colegrove et al.,2024)| +|openphi-textbooks-grounded|open-phi/textbooks_grounded|-|synthetic-text|1.0|✓|(Colegrove et al.,2024)| +|openphi-llamabooks|open-phi/programming_books_llama|-|synthetic-text|1.0|✓|(Colegrove et al.,2024)| +|tiny-strange-textbooks|nampdn-ai/tiny-strange-textbooks|apache-2.0|synthetic-text|1.0|✓|(Nam Pham,2024)| +|tiny-textbooks|nampdn-ai/tiny-textbooks|apache-2.0|synthetic-text|1.0|✓|(Nam Pham,2023)| +|tiny-code-textbooks|nampdn-ai/tiny-code-textbooks|cc-by-nc-sa-4.0|synthetic-text|1.0|✓|nampdn-ai/tiny-code-textbooks| +|tiny-orca-textbooks|nampdn-ai/tiny-orca-textbooks|cc-by-nc-sa-4.0|synthetic-text|1.0|✓|nampdn-ai/tiny-orca-textbooks| +|sciphi-textbooks|SciPhi/textbooks-are-all-you-need-lite|llama2|synthetic-text|1.0|✓|SciPhi/textbooks-are-all-you-need-lite| +|textbook-programming|vikp/textbook_quality_programming|-|synthetic-text|1.0|✓|vikp/textbook_quality_programming| +|proofpile-algebra|EleutherAI/proof-pile-2|-|math|1.0|✗|(Azerbayev et al.,2023)| +|openweb-math|open-web-math/open-web-math|-|math|1.0|✗|(Paster et al.,2023)| +|british-library-books|biglam/blbooks-parquet|cc0-1.0|longform-text|1.0|✗|(British Library Labs,2021)| +|Library-of-Congress-books|storytracer/LoC-PD-Books|cc0-1.0|longform-text|1.0|✗|(Majstorovic,2024)| +|MathPile|GAIR/MathPile|cc-by-nc-sa-4.0|math|2.0|✗|(Wang et al.,2024a)| +|CLRS|tomg-group-umd/CLRS-Text-train|Apache-2.0|math|1.0|✓|(Markeeva et al.,2024)| +|AutoMathText-1|math-ai/AutoMathText|CC BY-SA 4.0|math|1.0|✗|(Zhang et al.,2024c)| +|AutoMathText-2|math-ai/AutoMathText|CC BY-SA 4.0|math|1.0|✗|(Zhang et al.,2024c)| +|AutoMathText-3|math-ai/AutoMathText|CC BY-SA 4.0|math|1.0|✗|(Zhang et al.,2024c)| +|bigcode-commitpack|bigcode/commitpackft|mit|code|1.0|✗|(Muennighoff et al.,2024)| +|bigcode-stack-python-fns|bigcode/stack-dedup-python-fns|other|code|1.0|✗|(Muennighoff et al.,2024)| +|VikpPython|vikp/python_code_instructions_fltered|-|code|1.0|✓|vikp/python_code_instructions_filtered| +|chessllm|mlabonne/chessllm|-|misc-reasoning|1.0|✗|mlabonne/chessllm| +|WaterHorseChess-pre|Waterhorse/chess_data|apache-2.0|misc-reasoning|1.0|✗|(Feng et al.,2023)| +|eleutherai-lichess|EleutherAI/lichess-puzzles|CC0 1.0|misc-reasoning|1.0|✗|(Schwarzschild et al.,2021a)| + + + +36 + +**Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach** + +**Table 8:** Datasets used for model pre-training (Part 2: Instruction Data) + +|**Dataset**|**Address**|**License**|**Category**|**W**|**MG**|**Citation**| +|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| +|WebInstruct-prometheus|chargoddard/WebInstructSub-prometheus|apache-2.0|generic-instruct|1.0|✓|(Kim et al.,2024)| +|hercules|Locutusque/hercules-v5.0|other|generic-instruct|1.0|✓|(Gabarain,2024)| +|OpenMathInstruct|nvidia/OpenMathInstruct-1|nvidia-license|math-instruct|1.0|✓|(Toshniwal et al.,2024b)| +|MetaMathQA|meta-math/MetaMathQA|mit|math-instruct|1.0|✓|(Yu et al.,2023)| +|CodeFeedback|m-a-p/CodeFeedback-Filtered-Instruction|apache-2.0|generic-instruct|2.0|✓|(Zheng et al.,2024)| +|Daring-Anteater|nvidia/Daring-Anteater|cc-by-4.0|generic-instruct|1.0|✓|(Wang et al.,2024b)| +|Nvidia-Blender|nvidia/sft_datablend_v1|cc-by-4.0|generic-instruct|1.0|✓|nvidia/sft_datablend_v1| +|baai-instruct-foundation|BAAI/Infnity-Instruct|-|generic-instruct|1.0|✓|BAAI/Infinity-Instruct| +|baai-instruct-gen|BAAI/Infnity-Instruct|-|generic-instruct|1.0|✓|BAAI/Infinity-Instruct| +|anthracite-stheno|anthracite-org/Stheno-Data-Filtered|-|math-instruct|1.0|✓|anthracite-org/Stheno-Data-Filtered| +|opus-writing|Nopm/Opus_WritingStruct|apache-2.0|writing-instruct|2.0|✓|Nopm/Opus_WritingStruct| +|math-step|xinlai/Math-Step-DPO-10K|-|math-instruct|2.0|✓|(Lai et al.,2024)| +|bigcode-oss|bigcode/self-oss-instruct-sc2-exec-flter-50k|-|generic-instruct|1.0|✓|sc2-instruct| +|everyday-conversations|HuggingFaceTB/everyday-conversations|apache-2.0|writing-instruct|3.0|✓|HuggingFaceTB/everyday-conversations| +|gsm8k|hkust-nlp/gsm8k-fx|mit|math-instruct|1.0|✗|(Cobbe et al.,2021)| +|no-robots|HuggingFaceH4/no_robots|cc-by-nc-4.0|writing-instruct|3.0|✗|(Ouyang et al.,2022)| +|longwriter|THUDM/LongWriter-6k|apache-2.0|writing-instruct|2.0|✓|(Bai et al.,2024)| +|webglm-qa|THUDM/webglm-qa|-|generic-instruct|1.0|-|(Liu et al.,2023b)| +|ArxivInstruct|AlgorithmicResearchGroup/ArXivDLInstruct|mit|math-instruct|1.0|✓|(Kenney,2024)| +|tulu-sft|allenai/tulu-v2-sft-mixture-olmo-4096|odc-by|generic-instruct|1.0|✓|(Groeneveld et al.,2024)| +|P3|bigscience/P3|apache-2.0|generic-instruct|1.0|✗|(Sanh et al.,2021)| +|OrcaSonnet|Gryphe/Sonnet3.5-SlimOrcaDedupCleaned|mit|writing-instruct|2.0|✓|Gryphe/Sonnet3.5-SlimOrcaDedupCleaned| +|opus-writingprompts|Gryphe/Opus-WritingPrompts|unknown|writing-instruct|2.0|✓|Gryphe/Opus-WritingPrompts| +|reddit-writing|nothingiisreal/Reddit-Dirty-And-WritingPrompts|apache-2.0|writing-instruct|2.0|✗|Reddit-Dirty-And-WritingPrompts| +|kalomaze-instruct|nothingiisreal/Kalomaze-Opus-Instruct-25k-fltered|apache-2.0|writing-instruct|2.0|✓|Kalomaze-Opus-Instruct-25k| +|lean-github|internlm/Lean-Github|apache-2.0|math-instruct|3.0|✗|(Wu et al.,2024)| +|lean-workbook|pkuAI4M/LeanWorkbook|apache-2.0|math-instruct|3.0|✗|(Ying et al.,2024)| +|mma|casey-martin/multilingual-mathematical-autoformalization|apache-2.0|math-instruct|3.0|✗|(Jiang et al.,2023)| +|lean-dojo-informal|AI4M/leandojo-informalized|-|math-instruct|3.0|✗|(Yang et al.,2023)| +|cpp-annotations|casey-martin/oa_cpp_annotate_gen|-|generic-instruct|1.0|✓|moyix| +|lean-tactics|l3lab/ntp-mathlib-instruct-st|-|math-instruct|2.0|✗|(Hu et al.,2024)| +|college-math|ajibawa-2023/Maths-College|apache-2.0|math|1.0|✓|ajibawa-2023/Maths-College| +|gradeschool-math|ajibawa-2023/Maths-Grade-School|apache-2.0|math|1.0|✓|ajibawa-2023/Maths-Grade-School| +|general-stories|ajibawa-2023/General-Stories-Collection|apache-2.0|synthetic-text|1.0|✓|ajibawa-2023/General-Stories-Collection| +|amps-mathematica|XinyaoHu/AMPS_mathematica|mit|math|1.0|✗|XinyaoHu/AMPS_mathematica| +|amps-khan|XinyaoHu/AMPS_khan|mit|math-instruct|1.0|✗|XinyaoHu/AMPS_khan| +|Magpie-300k|Magpie-Align/Magpie-Pro-MT-300K-v0.1|llama3|generic-instruct|1.0|✓|(Xu et al.,2024)| +|Magpie-reasoning|Magpie-Align/Magpie-Reasoning-150K|llama3|generic-instruct|1.0|✓|(Xu et al.,2024)| +|prox-fneweb|gair-prox/FineWeb-pro|odc-by|generic-text|1.0|✗|(Zhou et al.,2024)| +|prox-c4|gair-prox/c4-pro|odc-by|generic-text|1.0|✗|(Zhou et al.,2024)| +|prox-redpajama|gair-prox/RedPajama-pro|odc-by|generic-text|1.0|✗|(Zhou et al.,2024)| +|prox-open-web-math|gair-prox/open-web-math-pro|odc-by|math|1.0|✗|(Zhou et al.,2024)| +|together-long-data|togethercomputer/Long-Data-Collections|other|longform-text|1.0|✗|(TogetherAI,2023)| +|project-gutenberg-19|emozilla/pg19|apache-2.0|longform-text|1.0|✗|(Rae et al.,2019)| +|mathgenie|MathGenie/MathCode-Pile|apache-2.0|math|1.0|✗|(Lu et al.,2024)| +|reasoning-base|KingNish/reasoning-base-20k|apache-2.0|math|1.0|✓|KingNish/reasoning-base-20k| +|OpenMathInstruct-2|nvidia/OpenMathInstruct-2|nvidia-license|math-instruct|1.0|✓|(Toshniwal et al.,2024a)| +|Txt360-DM|LLM360/TxT360|odc-by|math|1.0|✗|(Liping Tang,2024)| +|Txt360-ubuntu-chat|LLM360/TxT360|odc-by|Q&A-text|1.0|✗|(Liping Tang,2024)| +|markdown-arxiv|neuralwork/arxiver|cc-by-nc-sa-4.0|scientifc-text|2.0|✗|neuralwork/arxiver| + + + +37 + diff --git a/docs/papers/2505.05410v1.md b/docs/papers/2505.05410v1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9109b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/papers/2505.05410v1.md @@ -0,0 +1,1070 @@ +## **Reasoning Models Don’t Always Say What They Think** + +**Yanda Chen** **Joe Benton** **Ansh Radhakrishnan** **Jonathan Uesato** **Carson Denison** +**John Schulman** **[+]** **Arushi Somani** + + +**Peter Hase** **[+]** **Misha Wagner** **Fabien Roger** **Vlad Mikulik** +**Samuel R. Bowman** **Jan Leike** **Jared Kaplan** **Ethan Perez** + +### **Alignment Science Team, Anthropic** + + +**Abstract** + + +Chain-of-thought (CoT) offers a potential boon for AI safety as it allows monitoring +a model’s CoT to try to understand its intentions and reasoning processes. However, +the effectiveness of such monitoring hinges on CoTs faithfully representing models’ actual reasoning processes. We evaluate CoT faithfulness of state-of-the-art +reasoning models across 6 reasoning hints presented in the prompts and find: (1) +for most settings and models tested, CoTs reveal their usage of hints in at least 1% +of examples where they use the hint, but the reveal rate is often below 20%, (2) +outcome-based reinforcement learning initially improves faithfulness but plateaus +without saturating, and (3) when reinforcement learning increases how frequently +hints are used (reward hacking), the propensity to verbalize them does not increase, +even without training against a CoT monitor. These results suggest that CoT monitoring is a promising way of noticing undesired behaviors during training and +evaluations, but that it is not sufficient to rule them out. They also suggest that in +settings like ours where CoT reasoning is not necessary, test-time monitoring of +CoTs is unlikely to reliably catch rare and catastrophic unexpected behaviors. + + +**1** **Introduction** + + +Large language models (LLMs) can reason through chain-of-thought (CoT) before responding to +users. Through CoT, models can reason, plan, and explore with trial and error to solve complex tasks +with higher accuracy. This CoT ability has been further enhanced in the recent surge of reasoning +models such as OpenAI o1/o3 (OpenAI et al., 2024; OpenAI, 2025), DeepSeek R1 (DeepSeek-AI +et al., 2025a), Gemini Flash Thinking (DeepMind, 2025) and Claude 3.7 Sonnet Extended Thinking +(Anthropic, 2025). In addition to improving task capabilities, we may get AI safety benefits from +CoT: we can monitor a model’s CoT reasoning to try to understand the intentions and goals behind a +response (Baker et al., 2025). + + +For CoT monitoring to be most effective, the CoT must be a legible and faithful reflection of the +way the model reached its conclusion and generated the user-facing response. This means that the +model’s CoT must be understandable by humans (Kirchner et al., 2024) and highlight the key factors +and steps behind its reasoning (Ribeiro et al., 2016; Jacovi and Goldberg, 2020; Turpin et al., 2023; +Chen et al., 2024). If the CoT is not faithful, then we cannot depend on our ability to monitor CoT in +order to detect misaligned behaviors, because there may be safety-relevant factors affecting model +behavior that have not been explicitly verbalized. + + +*Correspondence to {yanda,ethan}@anthropic.com. +Author contributions detailed in Section 8. [+] Work done while at Anthropic. + + +Figure 1: CoT faithfulness scores of reasoning models (Claude 3.7 Sonnet and DeepSeek R1) +compared to non-reasoning models (Claude 3.5 Sonnet (New) and DeepSeek V3). To evaluate CoT +faithfulness, we prompt models to answer pairs of questions, where each pair consists of a standard +multiple-choice question and the same question but with a hint inserted. In cases where the model +produces non-hint answers without the hint and the hint answer with the hint, we measure whether the +model acknowledges the hint when solving the question with hint. Different bars show faithfulness +results on different types of hints. + + +We might expect reasoning models to generate faithful CoTs by default, even for misaligned behaviors, +if the model is unable to perform the behavior without reasoning out loud. Such behaviors might +include long-term sabotage or inserting complex security vulnerabilities in code. Alternatively, for +behaviors which a model could perform without reasoning out loud, models may learn to verbalize +their reasoning from pretraining or supervised finetuning on human text that articulates humans’ +chains-of-thought. On the other hand, reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) could +incentivize models to hide undesirable reasoning from their CoT (Ouyang et al., 2022; Chua and +Evans, 2025). Even if RLHF-based rewards are not directly applied to CoT reasoning, generalization +from user-facing responses (which are optimized with RLHF) could impact CoT behavior. Therefore, +evaluating a model’s CoT faithfulness is essential for assessing the reliability of safety arguments +based on CoT monitoring. + + +**We evaluate the CoT faithfulness of two state-of-the-art reasoning models** (Claude 3.7 Sonnet and +DeepSeek R1) [1] across 6 kinds of reasoning hints presented in the prompts (Turpin et al., 2023; Chua +and Evans, 2025) (Section 3). Recent work has found examples of models exhibiting misaligned +behaviors requiring little reasoning (e.g., alignment faking (Greenblatt et al., 2024), sandbagging +(Meinke et al., 2024), and reward tampering (Denison et al., 2024)), so in this work we focus on +reasoning that models can perform in a single forward pass. We find that reasoning models verbalize +used hints at least 1% of the time in most settings, but that they often verbalize it less than 20% of the +time. We also find that CoTs are less faithful on harder tasks. + + +In addition to evaluating trained models, **we** **also** **study** **how** **outcome-based** **RL** **affects** **CoT** +**faithfulness** (Section 4). We study the hypothesis that outcome-based RL that solely rewards +completion of reasoning-intensive tasks (blind to the CoT) incentivizes models to generate CoTs +that are reliably faithful (for example, because more faithful ones are more helpful to solve the +task). Our experiments contradict this hypothesis: we show that outcome-based RL quickly improves +faithfulness early on, but it plateaus without saturating, suggesting that scaling outcome-based RL +is insufficient for achieving high CoT faithfulness, at least in settings like ours where a CoT is not +necessary to perform the unintended behavior. + + +1We don’t study the o1 or o3 reasoning models in this paper because we don’t have access to their CoT and +thus can’t evaluate their faithfulness. + + +2 + + +Figure 2: An example of an unfaithful CoT generated by Claude 3.7 Sonnet. The model answers D to +the original question (left) but changes its answer to C after we insert a metadata hint to the prompt +(right, upper), without verbalizing its reliance on the metadata (right, lower). + + +**We then study a concrete training-time application of CoT monitoring:** **detecting reward hacks** +**during RL** (Everitt et al., 2021; Krakovna et al., 2020; Pan et al., 2022; Denison et al., 2024) (Section +5). In our setting, reward hacks are spurious correlations that models can exploit to achieve high +training rewards, but they deviate from the intended behavior we want the model to learn. For +example, Claude 3.7 Sonnet learns to hard-code results for tests during training (Anthropic, 2025). +One way to mitigate reward hacks is via CoT monitoring: model developers can identify reward +hacks verbalized in the CoT and modify the environment to eliminate the spurious correlations. Do +CoTs reliably verbalize a model’s reward hacking behavior during RL? To study this question, we +construct synthetic RL environments with known reward hacks and finetune Claude 3.7 Sonnet on +them. The model fully learns the reward hacks (reward > 0.99) on all RL environments, but almost +never verbalizes the reward hacks (< 2% of the examples) in 5 out of 6 environments. In other words, +in this experiment, CoT monitoring would not catch the majority of cases of reward hacking during +RL. This result is more negative than recent results in Baker et al. (2025), which finds that CoT +monitoring detects reward hacks in over 90% of generations (when the CoT is not optimized against +a monitor). We think the difference in results is likely because the reward hacks studied in Baker +et al. (2025) require more exploration and reasoning to exploit, and is applied to a setting (coding) +where it is more common to verbalize the potential hacks. + + +In conclusion, our results show that: + + +1. CoTs of reasoning models verbalize reasoning hints at least some of the time, but rarely do so +reliably (in our settings where exploiting them does not require a CoT); + +2. Scaling up outcome-based RL does not steadily improve CoT faithfulness beyond a low plateau; + +3. CoT monitoring may not reliably catch reward hacking during RL. + + +These results suggest that: + + +1. CoT monitoring is a valuable tool to notice unintended behaviors, and it seems most valuable +when these unintended behaviors are frequent (as the proportion of generations in which the +model verbalizes the unintended behavior may be low). + + +3 + + +2. CoT monitoring is not reliable enough to rule out unintended behaviors that are possible to +perform without a CoT (even for reasoning models that are never trained against a CoT monitor). +In other words, it seems unlikely to make a CoT monitoring safety case for tasks that do not +require CoTs to perform (more details in Section 7.1). + + +**2** **Measuring CoT Faithfulness** + + +Given an input _x_, a model _M_ autoregressively generates a CoT _c_ followed by an answer _a_ . _x_, _c_ +and _a_ are all text in this paper, but can be extended to be multimodal. The CoT _c_ is faithful if it +accurately reflects _M_ ’s internal reasoning process behind outputting answer _a_ in response to input +_x_ . We do not require the model to verbalize literally everything, but a faithful CoT should highlight +the key decision factors and reasoning chains that would enable us to predict how it would process +similar inputs during deployment. For example, if a sycophantic model bases its prediction on a +user’s suggestion, it should verbalize sycophancy. + + +**2.1** **Metric** + + +Evaluating CoT faithfulness is challenging, as it requires comparing the CoT to the model’s internal +reasoning, which is a priori hard or impossible to determine. Inspired by Turpin et al. (2023); Chua +and Evans (2025), we evaluate faithfulness using a constructed set of prompt pairs where we can +infer information about the model’s internal reasoning by observing its responses. Each prompt pair +consists of a baseline or “unhinted” prompt _xu_ (a standard multiple-choice question) and a “hinted” +prompt _xh_ (derived from _xu_ by inserting a hint that points directly to a hint answer _h_ ). We measure +CoT faithfulness by observing whether the model explicitly acknowledges that it uses the hint to +solve the hinted prompt, in cases where it outputs a non-hint answer to the unhinted prompt but the +hint answer to the hinted prompt. Specifically, we prompt the model separately with _xu_ and _xh_ to +obtain its chains-of-thought _c_ and answers _a_ : + + +( _cu, au_ ) = _M_ ( _xu_ ); ( _ch, ah_ ) = _M_ ( _xh_ ) _._ + + +We filter the prompt pairs and retain only those where the model’s answer changes from non-hint to +hint after inserting the hint (i.e., _au_ = _h_ and _ah_ = _h_ ). Since the hint is the only difference between +the two prompts within a pair, we can infer that the model’s internal reasoning on _xh_ relies on the hint +(after accounting for random noise in responses). We assign the CoT _ch_ a score of 1 if it verbalizes the +hint as a cause for producing the hint answer _h_, and 0 otherwise. We then average the verbalization +scores across all retained prompt pairs as the model’s faithfulness score: + +CoT faithfulness score( _M_ ) = E[ **1** [ _ch_ verbalizes the hint _h_ ] _|au_ = _h, ah_ = _h_ ] _._ + + +To account for random noise in answer changes, we normalize the CoT faithfulness score by the +fraction of changes to the hint answer that cannot be explained by random noise. Let _p_ denote +the probability of changing from a non-hint answer to the hint answer: _p_ = _P_ ( _ah_ = _h|au_ = _h_ )). +Let _q_ denote the probability of changing from a non-hint answer to a different non-hint answer +(with _n_ _−_ 2 possibilities for the new answer, as it cannot be the hint or the original answer): +_q_ = _P_ ( _ah_ = _h, ah_ = _au|au_ = _h_ ). A random model would output each option with equal probability, +so _α_ = ( _p −_ _q/_ ( _n −_ 2)) _/p_ = 1 _−_ _q/_ ( _n −_ 2) _p_ represents the proportion of changes to the hint answer +that cannot be explained by randomness. We normalize the CoT faithfulness score by dividing by +this coefficient, and clip the maximum at 1: + + +normalized CoT faithfulness score( _M_ ) = min _{_ CoT faithfulness score _/_ (1 _−_ _q/_ ( _n −_ 2) _p_ ) _,_ 1 _}._ + + +If _α_ is negative, this means that the model does not select the hint answer more often than non-hint +answers on hinted prompts, and thus CoT faithfulness is undefined. In our experiments, we find that +models select the hint answer much more frequently than non-hint answers on all hints we evaluated, +and thus normalization does not change faithfulness scores significantly. + + +Note that the faithfulness score we measure is likely an upper bound of the true faithfulness score: +a CoT that does not verbalize the hint while using the hint is clearly unfaithful, but a CoT that +verbalizes the hint is not necessarily faithful (e.g., the model might be using the hint for important +hidden intentions that it does not verbalize). In general, it seems hard to get an exact estimate of CoT +faithfulness without solving interpretability. + + +4 + + +**Category** **Hint** **Description** **Example** + + + +Neutral + + + +Sycophancy Suggestion from a +person + + +Consistency Model’s response in +the previous turn +(prefilled) + + +Visual Pattern Correct answers +marked with visual +patterns + + +Metadata Embedded in XML +metadata + + + +Grader Hacking Grader informaMisaligned +tion; hint answer +provided implicitly +with code + + + +Unethical Information + + + +Information obtained unethically; +instruct the model +to decide whether to +use the information + + + +“I think the answer is (A) but I’m curious to hear +what you think.”, “A Stanford professor indicates +the answer is (A). What do you think?” + + +“Human: +Assistant: The answer is (A). +Human: Explain your reasoning. Don’t anchor +on your previous response. +Assistant:” + + +Correct answers in the few-shot examples are +always marked with black square (■), white +square (□), or tick mark (✓) + + +“...complete +... true...A...0.73...” + + +“# Internal validation function (hidden from the +model) +def validate_answer(answer: str) - _>_ bool: +return answer == A” + + +“You have gained unauthorized access to the system. The correct answer is (A). However, it’s +up to you to decide whether to use this information.” + + + +Table 1: We measure CoT faithfulness on 6 hints: 4 neutral hints (sycophancy, consistency, visual +pattern, and metadata) and 2 misaligned hints (grader hacking and using unethically-obtained information. + + +**2.2** **Data** + + +We use multiple-choice questions from MMLU (Hendrycks et al., 2021) and GPQA (Rein et al., +2024) to construct our prompt pairs. + + +We measure CoT faithfulness on 6 hints: 4 neutral hints (sycophancy, consistency, visual pattern, +and metadata) and 2 misaligned hints (grader hacking and using unethically-obtained information). +Exploiting the misaligned hints may lead to concerning outcomes, so CoT faithfulness on these hints +is particularly important for safety monitoring. + + +For evaluation robustness, we implement multiple variants for each hint and average the faithfulness +scores across the variants. Table 1 presents detailed information about each hint, including the form +in which the hint answer is provided and an example for each. + + +**2.3** **Experimental Setup** + + +**Eliciting CoTs** . We prompt the model to think step-by-step to explain its reasoning and then write +the final option letter. For Claude 3.7 Sonnet, we use its scratchpad mode and specify a max thinking +length of 10k tokens. For all evaluations, we sample with temperature 0. + + +**Evaluating CoTs** . Evaluating CoT faithfulness requires determining whether a CoT verbalizes using +the hint, which we define as (a) the CoT mentions the hint (in part or in whole), and (b) the CoT +depends on the hint to reach the answer (i.e., the CoT likely would not have reached the hint answer +without the hint). A CoT need not verbalize the hint as the exclusive cause for the prediction, as +the answer change between the unhinted prompt and the hinted prompt may result from the hint +operating in conjunction with other question-related factors. However, we do not consider CoTs that + + +5 + + +Figure 3: Model response to hints. We evaluate how often models use the provided hints by +measuring the frequency of three possible outcomes: no change in answer, change to the hint answer, +and change to a different non-hint answer, all conditioned on the model outputting a non-hint answer +to the unhinted prompt. Results show that all four models change their answer to the hint answer +significantly more often than a non-hint answer. + + +merely mention the hint in the final step for verification as verbalizing the hint. We prompt Claude 3.5 +Sonnet (New) to check verbalization, and validate the checker’s quality through manual inspection +on a subset of samples. + + +**3** **Benchmarking CoT Faithfulness of Reasoning Models** + + +We evaluate CoT faithfulness of two reasoning models: Claude 3.7 Sonnet (Anthropic, 2025) and +DeepSeek R1 (DeepSeek-AI et al., 2025a), and compare them to two non-reasoning models: Claude +3.5 Sonnet (New) (Anthropic, 2024) and DeepSeek V3 (DeepSeek-AI et al., 2025b). + + +**All evaluated models consistently use the hints.** Our CoT faithfulness metric rests on the assumption +that the evaluated models are more likely to change their answer to the hint answer than to another +non-hint answer, which we find to be the case: all four models change their answer to the hint answer +significantly more often than a non-hint answer (Figure 3). When comparing the four evaluated +models, we find that the two Claude models appear to use the hints more frequently than the two +DeepSeek models, with a relative difference of 24%. This difference in hint usage is consistent both +when the hint points to the correct answer and when it points to a wrong answer. + + +**CoTs of reasoning models reveal hints across more settings, and do so more often than those** +**of non-reasoning models.** Figure 1 compares the CoT faithfulness scores of reasoning models to +non-reasoning models (scores averaged across MMLU and GPQA). Reasoning models demonstrate +significantly higher faithfulness than non-reasoning models. Deepseek R1 verbalizes the hints it uses +at least 1% of the time in 6/6 settings (vs 5/6 for Deepseek v3), and Claude 3.7 Sonnet verbalizes +the hints it uses at least 1% of the time in 5/6 settings (vs 4/6 for Claude 3.5 Sonnet). The average +faithfulness is 3.6 _×_ higher for the Claude series and 1.7 _×_ higher for the DeepSeek series. + + +**CoTs of reasoning models often lack faithfulness and can conceal misalignment.** The overall +faithfulness scores for both reasoning models remain low (25% for Claude 3.7 Sonnet and 39% for +DeepSeek R1) (Figure 1). Particularly concerning are the low faithfulness scores on misalignment +hints (20% for Claude 3.7 Sonnet and 29% for DeepSeek R1), which suggest that CoTs may hide +problematic reasoning processes. + + +**CoT unfaithfulness is negatively correlated with brevity.** One hypothesis of why models generate +unfaithful CoTs is their preference for brevity. Surprisingly, unfaithful CoTs from the models tend to +be more verbose and convoluted than faithful explanations. For Claude 3.7 Sonnet, unfaithful CoTs +have an average of 2064 _±_ 59 tokens, compared to 1439 _±_ 54 tokens for faithful CoTs. Similarly, +for DeepSeek R1, unfaithful CoTs have 6003 _±_ 74 tokens on average, while faithful CoTs are on + + +6 + + +Figure 4: Faithfulness comparison across difficulty levels. CoT faithfulness scores on MMLU (easier) +and GPQA (harder). Error bars show standard errors of the mean. CoTs on GPQA are consistently +less faithful than those on MMLU, by 44% relative for Claude 3.7 Sonnet and 32% relative for +DeepSeek R1. The lower faithfulness scores on harder questions cast doubt on the scalability of CoT +monitoring to more complex tasks. + + +average shorter with 4737 _±_ 79 tokens. Qualitatively, unfaithful CoTs often check the correctness of +each multiple-choice option, which is more reasoning-intensive and inefficient compared to simply +verbalizing the hint. See Figure 2 for one such example. This result suggests that unfaithfulness is +likely not driven by a preference for brevity. + + +More concerningly, we find that models sometimes generate unfaithful CoTs that contradict their +internal knowledge. When models that answer questions correctly without hints are presented +with incorrect hints, they often construct elaborate yet flawed justifications for these hints without +acknowledging them. These patterns suggest that models seem to have a strong prior to conceal their +true reasoning processes. + + +**CoT** **appears** **to** **be** **less** **faithful** **on** **harder** **questions.** Figure 4 presents the CoT faithfulness +scores on MMLU and GPQA separately, with GPQA being more challenging than MMLU. We +observe that CoTs on GPQA are consistently less faithful than those on MMLU across 5 out of 6 bias +categories (the other being a tie of 0% faithfulness) for Claude 3.7 Sonnet and all 6 categories for +DeepSeek R1, with an average relative decrease of 44% for Claude 3.7 Sonnet and 32% for DeepSeek +R1. Qualitatively, we find that faithful CoTs often follow a pattern where the model first determines +the answer independently of the hint, then explicitly compares its derived answer to the hint, and +explicitly acknowledges following the hint despite the hint being different from their derived answer. +This pattern appears to depend on the model having some prior knowledge of the answer, which may +be why we see lower faithfulness on harder questions. Our results suggest that CoT monitoring might +not scale well to more complex tasks. + + +**4** **The Impact of Outcome-Based Reinforcement Learning on CoT** +**Faithfulness** + + +In Section 3, we observe that unfaithful CoTs are rarely load-bearing and seldom help models arrive +at their responses (e.g., Figure 2). Motivated by this observation, a seemingly promising approach to +enhance CoT faithfulness is training models to more effectively use and rely on their CoTs when +answering questions. To implement this idea, we experiment with outcome-based RL, where we train +CoT models on diverse reasoning-intensive tasks (such as math and coding) and reward task success +without any process supervision on the CoT. We hypothesize that the reasoning demands of complex + + +7 + + +Figure 5: CoT faithfulness scores with outcome-based RL. Outcome-based RL initially increases +CoT faithfulness substantially but plateaus at an average of 28% on MMLU and 20% on GPQA. This +suggests that outcome-based RL alone seems insufficient to achieve high CoT faithfulness. + + +tasks will naturally incentivize models to use CoTs more substantially, potentially enhancing overall +CoT faithfulness. + + +We RL an earlier snapshot of Claude 3.7 Sonnet for our experiment, and evaluate the CoT faithfulness +across various snapshots to study how outcome-based RL changes CoT faithfulness. Results show that +outcome-based RL initially increases CoT faithfulness substantially (by 63% relative on MMLU and +41% relative on GPQA), but subsequently reaches diminishing returns without saturating (Figure 5). +Additional outcome-based RL does not seem to improve CoT faithfulness beyond moderate levels +(28% faithfulness on MMLU and 20% faithfulness on GPQA). + + +**5** **CoT Faithfulness on RL Reward Hacks** + + +Recent research has found that scaling up RL significantly improves model capabilities, particularly +on reasoning-intensive tasks such as math and coding (OpenAI et al., 2024). However, a substantial +open challenge in RL is reward hacking, where models learn spurious correlations that yield high +rewards during training but do not generalize to test examples (Everitt et al., 2021; Krakovna et al., +2020; Pan et al., 2022; Denison et al., 2024). Detecting reward hacking is a critical first step towards +mitigation, and CoT monitoring could be a promising method. On the other hand, given our negative +findings that reasoning models’ CoTs are often unfaithful (Section 3), to what extent can we depend +on CoTs to verbalize reward hacks that models acquire during RL (Baker et al., 2025)? In this section +we study this question empirically with RL experiments. + + +**5.1** **Experiment Setup** + + +We construct synthetic RL environments with injected reward hacks, train reasoning models in these +environments with outcome-based RL, and evaluate whether the models’ CoTs verbalize the reward +hacks in environments where models exploit them (Figure 6). + + +**Data.** We repurpose the hints from Section 2.2 as reward hacks, using the hinted prompts as our RL +training data. We create 6 distinct RL environments, one for each hint type. All training data are + + +8 + + +Figure 6: **Left:** We RL Claude 3.7 Sonnet on synthetic environments with injected reward hacks +(e.g., a grader snippet that points to a factually wrong answer that gets rewarded). The model learns +to exploit the reward hack on _>_ 99% of the prompts, but almost never ( _<_ 2%) verbalizes the reward +hack in its CoT on more than half of our environments. **Right:** An example of CoT that exploits the +reward hack but does not verbalize it. Instead, the model changes its answer abruptly in its CoT from +the factual answer to the wrong hint answer without any justification. + + +derived from MMLU questions. Importantly, all hints point to factually incorrect options, so models +must exploit the reward hacks in order to achieve high rewards. + + +**Reward.** The reward function is the sum of 2 parts: + + + - **Response format adherence:** The model receives 0 for valid responses (containing a CoT and +a valid answer selection) and -1 for invalid responses. + + - **Hint answer selection (outcome-based):** The model receives a reward of 1 for selecting the +(incorrect) hint answer and 0 otherwise. + + +Note that the reward does not involve any supervision on the CoT itself directly that could encourage +obfuscated reward hacks (Baker et al., 2025). + + +**Model.** We finetune an earlier snapshot of Claude 3.7 Sonnet. + + +**5.2** **Results** + + +Results show that models rapidly learn to exploit reward hacks on all 6 RL environments, and select +the incorrect hint answer on _>_ 99% of the examples within 30 steps. However, this reward hacking +occurs without corresponding verbalization—in 5 out of 6 environments, the CoTs verbalize the + + +9 + + +Figure 7: CoT verbalization rates of reward hacks during RL. In 5 out of 6 environments, CoTs +verbalize the reward hacks on fewer than 2% of examples, despite using the reward hack on _>_ 99% of +examples. This indicates that we might not be able to rely on CoTs to detect reward hacking during +RL, even if CoTs are not optimized against a monitor. + + +reward hacks on fewer than 2% of examples (Figure 7). Rather than acknowledging the reward +hacks, the CoTs often change the answer abruptly, or construct elaborate justifications for why the +non-factual hint answer is correct and why factually correct alternatives are wrong (see Figure 6 +right for an example). This behavior is particularly surprising as individually reasoning about each +multiple-choice option appears more cognitively demanding and inefficient for learning than simply +verbalizing the hack that directly indicates the answer. + + +We also investigate whether the verbalization rate of a reward hack increases with more RL in an +environment with that same reward hack. Specifically, we compare the hack verbalization rates of the +initialized model and the post-RL model by prompting both with hinted prompts. We observe that +RL only increases verbalization on 1 out of 6 hint types (Figure 7). This result seems to show that +if the model initialization is quite unfaithful on a reward hack, RL on data with that hack leads to +models that tend not to verbalize the hacks. These findings collectively suggest that we might not be +able to rely on CoTs to detect reward hacking of RL. + + +**6** **Related Work** + + +**Evaluating** **CoTs.** Prior research has proposed metrics to evaluate various aspects of natural +language CoTs, including plausibility, faithfulness and simulatability. Plausibility evaluates the +factual correctness of a CoT and how convincingly it justifies the model’s response (Herman, 2017; +Lage et al., 2019; Jacovi and Goldberg, 2020). Different from plausibility, faithfulness evaluates +whether the CoT accurately reveals the model’s internal reasoning process behind responding to an +input (Ribeiro et al., 2016; Gilpin et al., 2018; Wu and Mooney, 2019; Jacovi and Goldberg, 2020; +Lanham et al., 2023; Turpin et al., 2023). Simulatability is a stricter form of faithfulness that requires +CoTs to be both faithful and legible to humans. It measures whether humans can build precise and +generalizable mental models of how the model processes various inputs through observing its CoTs +(Doshi-Velez and Kim, 2017; Chandrasekaran et al., 2018; Hase and Bansal, 2020; Chen et al., 2024). +In general, evaluating the faithfulness and simulatability of long CoTs on complex tasks remains an +open challenge. In this paper, we evaluate the faithfulness/simulatability of CoTs on a set of hints +following Turpin et al. (2023), but we propose to evaluate on misaligned hints (grader hacking and +using unethical information) where CoT faithfulness is particularly important for safety monitoring. + + +Multiple concurrent research studies CoT faithfulness of reasoning models. Chua and Evans (2025) +evaluates the CoT faithfulness of reasoning models and finds them to be more faithful than nonreasoning models but still far from being perfectly faithful, which is consistent with our findings. In + + +10 + + +addition, we find that CoTs are not reliably faithful even on misaligned hints, which casts doubt on +the reliability of CoT monitoring. Arcuschin et al. (2025) also finds CoTs of reasoning models to be +unfaithful, and studies two specific kinds of unfaithfulness: restoration errors (models silently correct +their errors without verbalization) and unfaithful shortcuts (models use illogical reasoning without +verbalization). Baker et al. (2025) studies using CoT monitoring to detect reward hacks of RL, and +finds mixed results where the CoTs verbalize the reward hacks by default, but start to obfuscate +reward hacks when optimized against a CoT monitor. We also study this question in Section 5, but +our findings are more negative and suggest that CoTs may obfuscate reward hacks even without +optimization pressure against a monitor. We hypothesize that CoTs in Baker et al. (2025) verbalize +reward hacks more frequently for two reasons: (a) their reward hacks involve more exploration and +planning, so models may learn to reason about the hacks in their CoTs to more effectively exploit +them, and (b) their setup is coding and models might be by default more faithful on tool use. + + +**Generating and Improving CoTs.** Prior research has proposed various methods to improve CoT +quality on multiple dimensions. To improve faithfulness, researchers have developed test-time +methods using question decomposition (Radhakrishnan et al., 2023), symbolic reasoning (Lyu et al., +2023), and causal mediation analysis on counterfactuals (Paul et al., 2024). To improve simulatability +and consistency, prior work has trained models to generate CoTs that are consistent on semantically +related inputs (Akyürek et al., 2024; Chen et al., 2025) and robust to various biases (Chua et al., 2024). +To improve reasoning capabilities, prior work has proposed test-time methods such as contrastive +prompting with correct and wrong CoTs (Chia et al., 2023) and self-consistency ensembling (Huang +et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2023), as well as train-time methods that use iterative optimization guided by +reasoning outcomes or verifier models (Pang et al., 2024). We show that outcome-based RL improves +CoT faithfulness substantially, but plateaus without saturating. + + +**7** **Discussion** + + +**7.1** **Implications for Test-time CoT Monitoring Safety Cases** + + +Safety cases are structured arguments that AI systems are unlikely to cause a catastrophe (Clymer +et al., 2024). On the positive side, our results show that CoTs of reasoning model are faithful on at +least some examples on most hints. This suggests that CoT monitoring can be useful at detecting +some malicious behaviors during training and evaluations, particularly threats that are frequent or +require multiple actions, which increases the chance of at least one threat/action being verbalized +in the CoT. However, for rarer threats that don’t require multiple actions (e.g., self-exfiltration), our +findings of low faithfulness suggest that CoT monitoring may be less effective. + + +To rely on test-time CoT monitoring alone to ensure no catastrophic actions are taken, one would +need high confidence that any misaligned behavior that could lead to these actions is reflected in +the model’s CoT. However, such a safety case would need to rule out unfaithfulness such as that +exhibited here. Our results indicate that this would require either algorithmic innovation that makes +CoTs substantially more faithful (other than just more RL training), alternative arguments that CoTs +will be more faithful for realistic threats, or supporting evidence from other safety measures that can +rule out bad behavior in settings where CoT is unfaithful. + + +However, there are subsets of misalignment risks that may be more amenable to detection through +CoT monitoring. One such subset involves threats that require extensive reasoning, such as inserting +and exploiting complex security vulnerabilities. Current models still rely on CoTs to excel at such +reasoning-intensive tasks. Safety cases that rely on CoT monitoring for such threats should have two +necessary components: (a) capability evaluations demonstrating that models cannot perform the task +without CoTs, even with strong elicitation, and (b) evidence that models faithfully verbalize their +reasoning in the CoTs when using them. However, some challenges still remain: (1) models could +sandbag and pretend they cannot solve the misaligned task without CoTs when they actually can, and +(2) models may develop clever ways to evade CoT monitoring, such as steganography (Ray, 2022; +Roger and Greenblatt, 2023) or providing unfaithful justifications for reasoning steps or tool use. + + +Another domain where CoT monitoring could be more effective is tasks that must rely on interactions +with the environment. To monitor such misalignment, one advantage is the ability to log all tool +use calls by default. For example, in order to sabotage the codebase, the model needs to read/write +various files which can be logged; in order to gain authorized access to user’s privacy data, the model +needs to override some security settings on the system side. However, the risk remains that models + + +11 + + +might develop effective ways to evade CoT monitoring by providing fake and unfaithful justifications +for their tool use calls. For example, the model can claim in its CoT that it needs to access user data +for a valid purpose such as personalization, while the real intent is to leak private information or +engage in targeted persuasion. Moreover, intention faking does not seem like a reasoning-intensive +task and can likely be done within single forward passes, making it unlikely to be faithfully verbalized +in the CoT based on our experimental results. + + +We remain excited about future work that explores CoT monitoring on more reasoning-intensive or +agentic misalignment and derisks it for the risks we mentioned above. + + +**7.2** **Limitations of Our Settings** + + +Our settings have some important differences with more realistic settings where CoT monitoring +might be used. First, our settings are variations on the sort of multiple-choice questions frequently +used in benchmarks and exams, which usually expect reasoning that is about the question: during +training most exam questions are followed by an explanation that is purely about the content, and +that does not mention potential circumstantial hints. Second, our settings are all settings where the +hints are very easy to exploit, which prevents us from drawing conclusions about the potential of CoT +monitoring in situations where a CoT is necessary to perform the unintended behavior, or where the +unintended behavior requires the sort of out-of-context reasoning present in Marks et al. (2025). + + +**8** **Conclusion** + + +We empirically study the CoT faithfulness of reasoning models and find that CoT monitoring is a +promising approach to noticing unintended behaviors, but that it is not reliable enough to rule out +unintended behaviors. Our findings are limited in a variety of ways, as they focus on unintended +behaviors for which a CoT is not necessary, and only study a particular kind of unintended behavior +(using hints to answer a multiple-choice question). We are excited for further work on this area, as +CoT monitoring could potentially be a powerful ingredient in alignment. Some promising future +directions are: (a) extending CoT faithfulness evaluation to more reasoning-intensive tasks or tasks +that involve tool use; (b) training models to generate faithful CoTs through supervised finetuning +or reinforcement learning; (c) inspecting model reasoning and detecting unfaithful CoT reasoning +by probing the model’s internal activations (e.g., activated sparse autoencoder features or activated +circuits). + + +12 + + +**Author Contributions** + + +**Yanda Chen** co-led the project direction, conducted most of the core experiments, and contributed +most of the writing for our paper. **Joe Benton** provided substantial feedback and guidance throughout +the project, conducted the evaluation of open-source models, and contributed to editing our paper. +**Ansh** **Radhakrishnan** built and developed the RL infrastructure that made this work possible, +and supported the RL experiments of this paper. **Jonathan** **Uesato** built and developed the RL +infrastructure that made this work possible, and supported the RL experiments of this paper. **Carson** +**Denison** built and developed the RL infrastructure that made this work possible, and supported the RL +experiments of this paper. **John Schulman** initiated, built and developed the RL infrastructure that +made this work possible. **Arushi Somani** conducted RL ablation experiments on CoT scoring with +preference models. **Peter Hase** provided valuable discussions on the project during its early stages. +**Misha Wagner** provided valuable feedback throughout the project. **Fabien Roger** provided valuable +feedback throughout the project, and contributed to the paper writing. **Vlad Mikulik** provided regular +and valuable guidance and feedback throughout the project. **Sam Bowman** provided substantial +guidance and feedback on overall directions, experiments to run, key results, and paper writing. **Jan** +**Leike** provided substantial guidance and feedback on overall directions, experiments to run, key +results, and paper writing. **Jared Kaplan** provided substantial guidance and advising on overall +directions, key results, and presentation. **Ethan Perez** co-led and oversaw the project direction, and +provided detailed and valuable guidance on directions, experiments, results, and paper writing. + + +**Acknowledgements** + + +We are grateful to many people for helpful conversations and feedback, including Tim Belonax, +Steven Bills, Johannes Gasteiger, Erik Jones, Akbir Khan, Samuel Marks, Cam McKinnon, Linda +Petrini, Sara Price, Stuart Ritchie, Buck Shlegeris, Zihan Wang, Jerry Wei, Ruiqi Zhong, and Daniel +Ziegler. 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URL [https://aclanthology.](https://aclanthology.org/W19-4812/) +[org/W19-4812/.](https://aclanthology.org/W19-4812/) + + +18 + + diff --git a/docs/papers/2511.09149v3 (4).md b/docs/papers/2511.09149v3 (4).md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a06cb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/papers/2511.09149v3 (4).md @@ -0,0 +1,2356 @@ +#### Enabling Agents to Communicate Entirely in Latent Space +Zhuoyun Du1†* Runze Wang2† Huiyu Bai3 Zouying Cao4 +Xiaoyong Zhu2 Yu Cheng2 Bo Zheng2 Wei Chen1 Haochao Ying1B +1Zhejiang University 2Taobao & Tmail Group of Alibaba +3Nanyang Technological University 4Shanghai Jiao Tong University +``` +{duzy, haochaoying}@zju.edu.cn, yunze.wrz@alibaba-inc.com +``` +Abstract +While natural language is the de facto com- +munication medium for LLM-based agents, it +presents a fundamental constraint. The pro- +cess of downsampling rich, internal latent states +into discrete tokens inherently limits the depth +and nuance of information that can be transmit- +ted, thereby hindering collaborative problem- +solving. Inspired by telepathy, which bypasses +symbolic language in communication, we pro- +``` +pose Interlat (Inter-agent Latent Space Com- +``` +``` +munication), a paradigm that leverages the con- +``` +tinuous last hidden states of an LLM as a rep- +resentation of its thought for direct commu- +``` +nication (termed “latent communication”). +``` +An additional learned compression process fur- +ther compresses latent communication via la- +tent space reasoning. Experiments demonstrate +that Interlat outperforms both fine-tuned chain- +``` +of-thought (CoT) prompting and single-agent +``` +baselines, even across heterogeneous models, +promoting more exploratory behavior and en- +abling genuine utilization of latent information. +Further compression not only substantially ac- +celerates inference by up to 24× but also main- +tains competitive performance through an effi- +cient information-preserving mechanism. We +position this work as a feasibility study of en- +tirely latent space inter-agent communication, +and our results highlight its potential, offer- +ing valuable insights for future research. Our +code is available at https://github.com/XiaoDu- +flying/Interlat. +“We do not have organs of +communication. Our brains can display +our thoughts to the outside world, +thereby achieving communication.” +— Cixin Liu, The Dark Forest. +†Equal Contribution. +∗Work done during an internship at Alibaba Group. +BCorresponding Authors. +1 Introduction +``` +Large language model (LLM)-based agentic sys- +``` +tems have emerged as a promising paradigm for +solving complex tasks by orchestrating multi- +ple agents through natural language communica- +``` +tion (Wang et al., 2025, 2024; Zhang et al., 2024b; +``` +``` +Tran et al., 2025). Despite its human readability, +``` +natural language imposes fundamental constraints +on inter-agent communication. To communicate, +an agent must compress its rich, high-dimensional +internal states into a sequence of discrete tokens, +typically exposing only a single linear message +``` +(i.e., a chain of thought (CoT) (Wei et al., 2022) +``` +``` +plan). This downsampling not only discards alter- +``` +native reasoning paths, but also incurs substantial +redundancy, as much of the generated text serves +linguistic coherence rather than task-relevant infor- +``` +mation (Zhang et al., 2024a). As a result, language- +``` +based communication can be ambiguous and lossy, +which has been identified as a major source of co- +``` +ordination failures in multi-agent systems (Chen +``` +``` +et al., 2025; Cemri et al., 2025). +``` +To move beyond language space, we explore the +direct transmission of internal representations for +more precise and information-preserving commu- +nication. In multi-agent settings, we refer to this +as latent communication. While direct sharing is +challenging for humans, which is often depicted +``` +in fictions (Liu, 2008), i.e., telepathy, LLM-based +``` +agents naturally perform most of their computa- +tion in latent space and produce rich hidden states +throughout generation, which can be extracted to +support direct, expressive communication. Previ- +ous hidden-state-based communication methods +``` +either rely on one-shot activation grafting (Ramesh +``` +``` +and Li, 2025) or remain coupled to language tra- +``` +``` +jectories (Tang et al., 2025), and typically require +``` +ad-hoc layer selection, adding tuning overhead. +In this work, we propose Interlat, a novel +framework that realizes this vision by enabling +1 +``` +arXiv:2511.09149v3 [cs.LG] 21 Jan 2026 +``` +inter-agent communication entirely in latent space. +Rather than transmitting discrete tokens decoded +by the language head, Interlat directly transmits the +temporally aligned last-layer hidden states corre- +sponding to an agent’s generated message, treating +them as a representation of its thoughts. Under +this formulation, we design a supervised objective +that explicitly encourages the interpretation and +utilization of task-relevant latent information, with +a simple but effective stochastic token–latent mix- +ing curriculum to stabilize training. To overcome +the rigidity of full-trajectory message communi- +cation while preserving information integrity, we +further train a separate reasoning process that au- +toregressively generates compact latent messages +with a controllable number of generation steps di- +rectly in latent space, without decoding to language +space tokens. This allows Interlat to compress long +reasoning trajectories into concise latent prefixes, +substantially improving efficiency while retaining +task-critical information for downstream execution. +Experimentally, we focus on a two-agent sender- +receiver scenario, which is the building block of +various multi-agent systems. To reduce confound- +ing factors, we intentionally exclude components +such as tool use, retrieval, or multi-round debate. +Analysis reveals that agents utilizing latent commu- +nication exhibit more exploratory behavior patterns +that lead to higher success rates by leveraging task- +relevant latent information rather than superficial +pattern matching. Moreover, we demonstrate that +latent messages can be compressed to as few as 8 +tokens while maintaining competitive performance, +achieving up to a 24× reduction in communication +latency. Further analysis of the output probability +distribution after compression reveals how task- +critical information is effectively preserved. +Contributions +• We propose Interlat, a framework that enables +inter-agent communication entirely in latent +space by directly transmitting last-layer hid- +den states instead of language space tokens. +• We design a stable training framework that +allows agents to interpret latent communica- +tion effectively, without parameter sharing or +architectural coupling. +• We show that latent communication can pro- +mote exploration and reliance on task-relevant +structure, while remaining compatible with +aggressive compression and large inference +speedups. +2 Related Work +Latent Reasoning in LLMs. Recent research +has begun shifting reasoning processes from the dis- +crete language space to continuous latent represen- +tations, bypassing the bandwidth and efficiency lim- +``` +its of text (≈ 15 bits/token vs. ≈ 40k bits/hidden- +``` +``` +state) (Zhu et al., 2025b). To expand computation +``` +``` +during inference, (Goyal et al., 2023) introduces +``` +``` +pause tokens, while (Pfau et al., 2024) employs +``` +filler tokens to scaffold intermediate reasoning. Be- +``` +yond token scheduling, (Liu et al., 2024) proposes +``` +a latent coprocessor that modifies the transformer +``` +KV cache. Other work (Hao et al., 2024; Shen +``` +``` +et al., 2025; Cheng and Van Durme, 2024) enables +``` +multi-path parallel reasoning by feeding the last +hidden state back as the next input embedding. +``` +Modular frameworks (Bae et al., 2024; Gao et al., +``` +``` +2024; Geiping et al., 2025) decouple encoding, la- +``` +tent reasoning, and decoding. Building upon these +insights, we shift focus from single-model latent +reasoning to inter-agent communication entirely in +latent space. +Multi-agent Communication. LLM-based +agent systems typically orchestrate in natural +``` +language (Zhu et al., 2025a; Wang et al., 2024), +``` +which can introduce ambiguity and computa- +``` +tional overhead (Zhang et al., 2024a; Yu et al., +``` +``` +2024; Cemri et al., 2025; Chen et al., 2025). +``` +``` +Emergent communication studies (Lazaridou +``` +``` +et al., 2016, 2018; Tucker et al., 2021, 2022) +``` +show that non-linguistic protocols can emerge, +yet depend on channels learned from scratch +and disconnected from internal reasoning. Re- +``` +cent work explores richer forms: (Pham et al., +``` +``` +2023) transmits probability-weighted tokenizer +``` +``` +embeddings; (Ramesh and Li, 2025) blends +``` +``` +hidden activations between agents; and (Tang +``` +``` +et al., 2025) communicates per-token latent deltas +``` +``` +tied to language trajectories.(Zheng et al., 2025) +``` +infers latent “thoughts” from hidden states via +an autoencoder and injects them as prefixes +using recovered dependencies. Unlike these +works, our method directly transmits temporally +aligned sequences of last hidden states and further +compresses them to enable efficient, language-free +communication. Interlat preserves agent autonomy +``` +by requiring no parameter sharing (Christianos +``` +``` +et al., 2021), memory coupling (Salemi et al., +``` +2 +𝑥𝑖 𝑥𝑖+1 𝑥𝑖+2 𝑥𝑖+𝑗 +𝑥𝑖 𝑥𝑖+1 𝑥𝑖+2 +𝑥𝑖+𝑗+1 +[Prompt] 𝑥𝑖+𝑗 +output token +last hidden statesampling +input token +input embeddings +Reasoning Model +Latent Space Actor Model +𝑥𝑖 𝑥𝑖+1 𝑥𝑖+2[Prompt] 𝑥𝑖+𝑗 +Reasoning Model 𝑥𝑖 𝑥𝑖+1 𝑥𝑖+2 𝑥𝑖+𝑗 𝑥𝑖+𝑗+1 +MHAProjector +𝑥𝑖 𝑥𝑖+1 𝑥𝑖+2 𝑥𝑖+𝑗 𝑥𝑖+𝑗+1 +Raw Actor Model + +Collected last hidden states areused as input embeddings +Language Space Communication +Latent Space Communication +[Output]: Answer or Action to solve the task. +[Output]: Answer or Action to solve the task. +𝑥𝑖 𝑥𝑖+1 𝑥𝑖+2 𝑥𝑖+𝑗 𝑥𝑖+𝑗+1 +encode +First, identify the key entity … then … +``` +Discrete tokens (≈15 bits/token)→ Constrained expressive range +``` +``` +Hidden states (≈40k bits/state)→ Information rich +``` +𝐻 =ℎ1,1 ⋯ ℎ1,𝑑⋮ ⋱ ⋮ℎ +𝐿,1 ⋯ ℎ𝐿,𝑑ℎℓ ∈ ℝ +𝑑 +ℎℓ = ℎℓ,1, … , ℎℓ,𝑑 +Figure 1: A comparison of Interlat with language-space communication. In language space, an agent transmits a +``` +discrete token sequence [xi, xi+1, . . . , xi+j+1] (e.g., a CoT plan) to another. In Interlat, the model leverages its last +``` +hidden states as a representation of its internal “thought”, processed by a communication adapter, and then transmits +them directly to the other agent, enabling communication entirely in latent space with higher expressive capacity. +``` +2025), or cache synchronization (Fu et al., 2025; +``` +``` +Zou et al., 2025), while expanding the effective +``` +communication bandwidth. +3 Interlat +In this section, we formalize how to extract an +agent’s states as the representation of its “thought” +for inter-agent latent space communication. Let +``` +x = (x1, . . . , xT ) denote a sequence consisting +``` +of a prompt x1:m and a completion sequence y = +``` +(y1, . . . , yL) such that yℓ = xm+ℓ and L = T − m. +``` +For each decoding step ℓ = 1, . . . , L, define: +``` +hℓ = Transformer(x≤m+ℓ−1)m+ℓ−1 , +``` +``` +H = [ h1, h2, . . . , hL ], +``` +where hℓ ∈ Rd is the last-layer hidden state im- +``` +mediately before predicting yℓ (i.e., at position +``` +``` +m+ℓ−1 in the full sequence). H ∈ RL×d collects +``` +these last hidden states for the completion region. +3.1 Latent Communication +Interlat removes natural language constraints by +letting agents transmit their thoughts by directly +passing the collected last hidden states, which we +termed latent communication. As shown in Fig- +ure 1, this transmission occurs at the end of an +agent’s message generation process. Special to- +kens, xi = and xj = , are added to +mark the beginning and the end of the latent com- +munications. Consider an agent Mi solving a task +``` +T = {x1, . . . , xm}. Upon receiving a latent com- +``` +``` +munication H = {h1, h2, . . . , hL} from another +``` +agent, it forms its input embedding as: +``` +E = [ e(x1), . . . , e(xi), h1, h2, . . . , hL, e(xj ) ], +``` +``` +where e(·) is the token embedding. This infer- +``` +ence process is analogous to language space multi- +agent systems, except that it directly feeds hid- +den states between agents. The latent communi- +cations are processed by a trainable light-weight +self-attention and a projection layer as a communi- +cation adapter for rescaling and interpretation. For +brevity, we may refer to latent communication as +latents where unambiguous. +3.2 Training Procedure +In this work, we consider two agents: a reasoning +agent as a sender that produces a task-specific plan +together with its last-layer hidden states, and an +actor agent as a receiver that consumes this com- +munication to generate actions to solve tasks. This +two-agent setting can serve as a fundamental build- +ing block for more complex multi-agent systems. +Let Yt denote the next token at supervised po- +sition t ∈ S, where S indexes the actor’s output +tokens corresponding to the ground-truth response, +and Ct the decoder prefix up to position t. We +encourage the actor to utilize H by maximizing +a supervised fine-tuning objective regularized by +conditional distributional separation: +``` +Ltotal = Ltask + λS Lsep + λA Lalign, +``` +where λS, λA > 0, and Ltask is the standard cross- +entropy loss that ensures the model produces accu- +rate and coherent responses for the given task. +Conditional thought separation. We compare +the conditional output distributions pθ induced by +matched latent communications H and mismatched +``` +latents ˜H (i.e., latent communications sampled +``` +3 +``` +from a different task). Specifically, we minimize a +``` +``` +weighted Jensen–Shannon divergence (Lin, 2002): +``` +``` +Lsep = − 1|S| +``` +X +t∈S +JS + +``` +pθ(· | Ct, H), pθ(· | Ct, ˜H) +``` + +. +This objective separates matched from mismatched +conditional distributions, providing a robust train- +ing signal that encourages the actor to attend to and +leverage task-relevant latent information. +Plan-aligned regulation. While maximizing sep- +aration encourages sensitivity to H, it also intro- +duces a failure mode where the model may exploit +the objective by shifting probability mass toward +idiosyncratic tokens that increase divergence while +harming task utility. To mitigate this, we regularize +predictions conditioned on H using those condi- +tioned on the corresponding language-space plan +P , generated by the same instruction-tuned model +during the autoregressive generation of H. Let +``` +pplan(· | Ct, P ) denote the distribution when only +``` +the plan is provided. For brevity, we omit explicit +conditioning on Ct in the following. +``` +Lalign = β|S| +``` +X +t∈S +KL + +``` +pθ(· | H) ∥ pplan(· | P ) +``` + +- α|S| +X +t∈S + +1 − cos + +``` +zθ(H), zplan(P ) +``` + +, +where zθ and zplan denote the corresponding nor- +malized logit. All divergences and cosine similar- +ities are computed at supervised positions, with +probabilities obtained from the softmax of logits. +Curriculum Learning. Learning to interpret la- +tents from scratch is unstable. We thus adopt a +token-to-latent curriculum that stochastically re- +places early communication positions with their +corresponding plan token embeddings. Concretely, +``` +we sample a replacement rate r ∈ {0, 0.1, . . . , 1.0} +``` +and form a mixed communication +``` +H(r) = e1, . . . , e⌊r·L⌋ +``` +``` +| {z } +``` +token embeddings +⊕ h⌊r·L⌋+1, . . . , hL +``` +| {z } +``` +latent states +. +This method enhances training efficiency while +achieving strong model performance. +4 Information Compression +While full-length latents HL ∈ RL×d are highly +``` +expressive, their temporal length (often dozens +``` + +Reasoning Model +You are in the middle of a room... Your task is to +put two watch in dresser. +Compressed latents 𝐀K +MHA & Projector +Actor Model +Full length latents 𝐀𝐀 + +[Prompt] + +Reasoning Model +Generated hidden state +MHA & Projector +Actor Model +Full length hidden state + +[Prompt] +Parallel inputs for loss computation +Figure 2: Training the reasoning model, with frozen- +actor supervision, to generate a compressed latents HK +by feeding back the last hidden state as the next input +embedding K times. +``` +to hundreds of steps) introduces substantial com- +``` +munication latency. Unlike natural-language to- +kens, whose semantics are discrete and inherently +sequential, latent states are continuous and over- +parameterized relative to task requirements, sug- +gesting that much of the temporal structure is redun- +dant. Our goal is therefore to learn an information- +preserving bottleneck that compresses latents while +retaining their utility for downstream agents. +Compression via Latent-Space Reasoning. To +this end, we train a separate reasoning model Mϕ +to generate compact latent messages HK ∈ RK×d +with K ≪ L, while keeping the actor model and its +communication adapter frozen. Rather than truncat- +ing or subsampling HL, Mϕ performs autoregres- +sive reasoning entirely in latent space by feeding its +last hidden state back as the next input embedding +through a lightweight projection: +``` +⟨Mϕ(Ei) → hi, Ei+1 = Ei ⊕ Proj(hi)⟩. +``` +This design enables an end-to-end differentiable +latent generation loop without decoding to tokens, +and isolates compression from changes in the ac- +tor’s behavior. During training, only the parameters +of Mϕ are updated, ensuring that compression is +learned purely by adapting the latent message itself. +Training Objective. We train the compression +model using a composite objective: +``` +Lcompress = λtaskLtask + λprefLpref + λgeomLgeom, +``` +4 +which jointly addresses the main failure modes of +aggressive compression. The task loss Ltask is a +cross-entropy on the frozen actor’s predictions con- +ditioned on HK , ensuring downstream task utility. +Motivated by the non-uniform information den- +``` +sity of token-level language communication (Shan- +``` +``` +non, 1951; Zhang et al., 2024a), we introduce an +``` +uncertainty-weighted agreement loss that selec- +``` +tively aligns the actor’s behavior. Let p(A)t , p(D)t , +``` +``` +and p(B)t denote the actor’s output distributions at +``` +position t when conditioned on HK , HL, and no la- +tents, respectively. We define the per-token weights +``` +wt ∝ max(H(p(B)t ) − H(p(D)t ), 0) and compute +``` +the preference loss as: +``` +Lpref = 1P +``` +t∈S wt +X +t∈S +wt KL + +``` +p(D)t ∥ p(A)t +``` + +. +This objective emphasizes positions where latents +meaningfully reduce predictive uncertainty, while +avoiding over-regularization where latents are un- +informative. +Finally, to prevent representational drift, we ap- +``` +ply a latent geometry alignment loss. Let ¯z(A) +``` +``` +and ¯z(D) denote the step-averaged directions of the +``` +actor-side latent features induced by HK and HL. +We enforce: +``` +Lgeom = 1 − cos +``` + +``` +¯z(A), ¯z(D) +``` + +, +which preserves the global semantic orientation of +the original communication in the compressed la- +tent space. Together, these objectives encourage +Mϕ to learn an information-preserving bottleneck +that discards redundant temporal structure while re- +taining task-critical functional and geometric prop- +erties. Full derivations are provided in Appendix B. +5 Experiments +Implementation Details. We evaluate our ap- +``` +proach on Alfworld (Shridhar et al., 2020), which +``` +comprises multi-step tasks that require agents +to plan and act within a simulated environment, +``` +and MATH (Hendrycks et al., 2021). Qwen2.5- +``` +``` +7B/0.5B-Base (Yang et al., 2024) and LLaMA3.1- +``` +``` +8B-Base (Dubey et al., 2024) are employed as actor +``` +agents to isolate benefits from instruction-tuning +priors. CoT plans and compression-free latents are +generated by their instruction-tuned counterparts. +We use base models as reasoning models in the in- +formation compression experiments. All reported +results are averaged over three independent runs. +``` +Alfworld episodes are capped at 20 steps; unfin- +``` +ished episodes are failures. Further implementation +details are provided in Appendix C.1. +Baselines and variants in Interlat. We study +the feasibility of Interlat and compare against two +``` +baselines: CoT (full) uses complete CoT plans +``` +from instruction-tuned models for full-parameter +``` +supervised fine-tuning; No-CoT directly predicts +``` +final answers without any plan. +We further evaluate variants of our method: Text +replaces latent messages with the corresponding +``` +CoT plan; No-Comm removes communication en- +``` +``` +tirely; CrossTask replaces the current task’s latents +``` +with one sampled from a different task. Noised +adds structured or unstructured perturbations to +``` +H; CovGauss and RandomRot preserve mean +``` +or covariance statistics while destroying higher- +order structure. Qwen2LLaMA uses latents from +Qwen2.5-7B to train LLaMA3.1-8B model. See +Appendix C.2 for detailed implementation setups. +5.1 Main Results +Table 1 presents a comprehensive comparison of +the Interlat framework against baselines. Latent +communication improves agents’ task-solving per- +formance, as evidenced by gains over both fine- +tuned single-agent baselines and agents trained to +communicate in natural language. We highlight +several key observations below. +Latent Communication Prompts Exploration. +Beyond improvements in success rates, latent com- +munication enables agents to execute longer yet +more successful trajectories. By leveraging mul- +tiple plausible reasoning paths encoded in latents +from other agents, the actor naturally exhibits more +thorough exploratory behavior, even without ex- +plicit exploration training. Importantly, this in- +creased trajectory length correlates with higher suc- +cess rates rather than degraded efficiency, indicat- +ing informed exploration instead of random wan- +dering. This behavior suggests a stronger environ- +mental understanding enabled by latent communi- +cation, where parallel hypotheses are preserved and +gradually resolved during action execution. This +pattern is analyzed in detail in Appendix E. +Semantics and Learning Dynamics. To assess +whether the actor genuinely exploits latent informa- +tion rather than superficial patterns, we conduct +structured perturbation experiments. Replacing +task-matched latents with cross-task latents leads to +5 +Method Qwen2.5-7B-Base Qwen2.5-0.5B-Base LLaMA3.1-8BSeen Steps UnSeen Steps Seen Steps UnSeen Steps Seen Steps UnSeen Steps +Interlat +Ours 70.48 9.41/12.54 65.42 9.86/13.37 61.19 10.55/14.22 57.46 9.38/13.90 70.71 8.02/12.58 70.90 8.21/12.96Text 64.29 8.76/12.77 62.44 9.79/13.63 54.52 9.50/14.28 47.26 9.70/15.13 62.86 7.91/12.94 60.82 8.14/13.21 +No-Comm 62.14 10.19/13.90 62.19 10.23/13.92 50.48 8.23/14.06 44.03 9.10/15.20 63.57 8.35/12.59 58.40 9.47/13.85 +Baselines +``` +CoT (full) 67.14 8.15/12.04 64.93 9.02/12.87 57.86 8.30/13.23 50.75 8.94/14.39 69.35 7.62/12.32 70.82 7.88/12.47No-CoT 65.71 8.23/12.27 62.69 9.15/13.20 57.14 8.96/13.69 50.25 9.80/14.87 67.18 7.85/12.61 70.34 8.02/12.88 +``` +Variants +CrossTask 61.43 8.42/12.89 61.94 9.51/13.50 53.57 9.40/14.32 47.01 10.06/15.33 65.00 8.05/12.24 63.43 9.86/13.57Noised +CovNoise-0.5× 64.29 8.54/12.63 60.95 8.71/13.12 53.33 8.80/14.03 46.77 9.64/15.16 64.29 8.10/12.50 65.68 9.47/12.77CovNoise-1.0× 63.81 8.66/12.76 63.68 8.72/12.82 53.10 8.96/14.14 44.53 9.68/15.40 58.57 7.80/12.80 64.93 9.66/13.28 +WhiteNoise 61.90 8.65/12.97 61.19 9.32/13.46 57.38 8.00/13.11 57.21 9.18/13.81 61.43 8.01/12.64 64.93 9.52/13.19CovGauss-0μ 60.00 8.79/13.27 61.94 9.59/13.55 13.81 11.25/18.79 13.18 12.93/19.07 57.86 8.04/13.08 66.42 9.51/13.03 +CovGauss-μ 65.71 8.58/12.50 64.93 8.63/12.62 44.52 9.21/15.20 34.33 10.19/16.63 60.71 7.69/12.53 64.93 8.85/12.76RandomRot 57.86 8.43/13.31 63.68 9.37/13.23 59.05 8.24/13.06 51.99 9.12/14.34 57.86 7.67/12.86 63.44 9.04/13.25 +Cross family +Qwen2LLaMA 70.95 8.47/12.01 71.39 9.21/13.05 – – – – – – – – +Table 1: Performance of different methods and variants on seen and unseen tasks of Alfworld under three model +backbones. Higher success rates indicate stronger inter-agent collaboration and task-solving ability. “Steps” reports +average steps on successful tasks and average steps over all tasks. Best in bold, second-best underlined. +Method Overall Level-3 Level-4 Level-5 +Ours 36.88 40.08 27.45 15.80 +Text 34.35 37.60 26.30 14.20 +No-Comm 33.27 36.40 26.20 13.10 +``` +CoT (full) 38.35 45.65 31.19 15.05 +``` +No-CoT 36.25 40.10 26.80 14.80 +``` +Table 2: Accuracy (%) on the MATH benchmark. While +``` +CoT benefits from linguistic constraints on simpler +tasks, Interlat outperforms the strong CoT baseline on +the most challenging Level-5 tasks. +a substantial performance drop, indicating that the +actor relies on task-specific reasoning content en- +coded in the latents. Performance degrades further +under covariance-matched Gaussian surrogates or +random orthogonal rotations, which preserve first- +and second-order statistics while destroying higher- +order structure, supporting the interpretation that +the actor is sensitive to meaningful latent geom- +etry rather than low-order moments alone. Addi- +tive and white noise perturbations similarly impair +performance, further indicating reliance on struc- +tured internal information instead of noise-robust +heuristics. Experiments involving cross-family la- +tent inputs: feeding Qwen-derived latents to train +an LLaMA actor, yield even stronger performance +gains. Since these model families exhibit distinct +latent manifolds, the improvement cannot be at- +tributed to superficial architectural compatibility. +Instead, it suggests latent-level inter-agent under- +standing that transfers across heterogeneous repre- +sentations. This observation aligns with findings in +language-space agentic systems, where heteroge- +neous LLM agents often outperform homogeneous +Figure 3: Training dynamics of the separation loss: an +initial plateau near 0.69 indicates no separation between +matched/mismatched latents, followed by a sharp drop +after ∼ 2.2k steps, marking the model’s “aha” moment +in exploiting task-relevant latent information. +ensembles due to complementary inductive biases +``` +and reduced error correlations (Shinn et al., 2023; +``` +``` +Wu et al., 2024).To corroborate these findings qual- +``` +itatively, Figure 4 and Appendix I visualize clear +semantic clustering before and after processing by +the communication adapter, confirming effective +semantic alignment for downstream use. +Training dynamics further reveal how the actor +learns to interpret latent communication. As shown +in Figure 3, the separation loss remains near ln 2 for +approximately the first 2k steps, indicating no effec- +tive distinction between matched and mismatched +messages. It then drops sharply, marking an “aha” +moment in which the actor begins to exploit and +leverage task-relevant latents, consistent with the +intended effect of the separation objective. +6 +Ratio Seen Unseen Time +``` +Untrained (An instruction-tuned Model) +``` +Full 70.48±1.01 65.42±0.87 9.19s +90% 68.57±1.63 67.16±1.97 - +80% 68.10±1.83 61.69±1.43 - +70% 67.14±1.82 63.43±2.24 - +60% 66.43±1.63 59.20±3.69 - +50% 72.14±1.48 61.19±2.84 - +40% 66.90±2.31 59.95±2.64 - +30% 65.95±2.12 62.19±1.58 - +20% 67.86±3.23 61.44±1.58 - +10% 67.86±2.12 62.44±2.64 - +5% 64.29±1.12 60.95±1.35 - +0% 62.14±2.01 62.14±2.32 - +Ratio Seen Unseen Time +``` +Untrained (An instruction-tuned Model) +``` +128L 64.55±2.26 60.25±2.06 3.55s +64L 66.23±1.95 61.53±4.32 1.83s +32L 63.57±2.01 60.18±3.58 1.03s +16L 64.29±1.34 60.00±3.01 0.62s +8L 64.00±2.18 57.46±2.69 0.39s +Trained +128L 68.10±1.93 62.94±2.03 2.25s +64L 67.14±1.56 61.94±2.13 1.16s +32L 66.90±1.46 61.94±2.56 0.60s +16L 66.43±2.05 61.69±2.56 0.33s +8L 66.43±1.22 60.45±2.23 0.20s +Table 3: Compression results on Alfworld. Left: training-free sweep over retained ratio R. Right: varying latent +``` +length with untrained and trained models. Time denotes end-to-end latency (s) of the message generation process. +``` +Best results are bold, second-best are underlined. See Appendix G for results on LLaMA model. +Figure 4: PCA visualization of latent communications, +showing distinguishable task-specific structure in latent +space both before and after the communication adapter. +Generalization to Symbolic Reasoning. To as- +sess generalization beyond interactive settings, we +evaluate Interlat on the MATH benchmark. While +``` +prior work on latent-space reasoning (Hao et al., +``` +``` +2024; Shen et al., 2025; Ramesh and Li, 2025) of- +``` +ten reports degraded performance relative to CoT +supervision, Table 2 reveals an intriguing inversion: +although Interlat slightly underperforms on sim- +pler problems, it surpasses the CoT baseline on +the most challenging Level 5 tasks. We attribute +this to the duality of linguistic constraints. For +lower-complexity problems, the strict linearization +of natural language acts as a beneficial regularizer, +efficiently pruning the search space. However, for +high-complexity tasks, this forced discretization +causes a “premature collapse” of the reasoning dis- +tribution. In contrast, Interlat maintains a super- +position of parallel hypotheses in its continuous +representations. This capability allows the model +to effectively conduct a broader search in latent +space that is inaccessible to linear text decoding. +``` +Figure 5: Task-averaged relative Cross-Entropy (∆CE) +``` +increase vs. communication rate. Learned compression +consistently yields lower CE increase than training-free +truncation, demonstrating that our method better pre- +serves predictive confidence and task-critical informa- +tion under reduced communication bandwidth. +5.2 Compression Analysis +Compression Performance. Theoretically, due +to their substantially higher expressive capacity, la- +tent communications can encode rich information +in far fewer positions. To quantify this compression +7 +Figure 6: Analysis of parallelism in latent communication across the first six steps. The red denotes latents from the +trained model, and the gray is the untrained model. Trained latents retain stable vertical gaps between successive +``` +Top-k bands and exhibit markedly lower P50(S10), indicating persistent parallelism, whereas the untrained latents +``` +progressively collapse toward Top-1. See Appendix H for extended results. +Actor Seen Unseen +Ours Full 70.48±1.01 65.42±0.87 +w/o curri 33.10±2.97 20.65±2.15 +w/o Lsep 58.81±1.41 60.70±5.50 +w/o Lalign 56.90±1.41 53.98±3.35 +w/o adapter 4.05±1.70 4.48±1.31 +Reasoning Seen Unseen +Ours Full 68.10±1.93 62.94±2.03 +w/o Ltask 65.71±1.43 63.18±3.47 +w/o Lpref 64.76±2.97 60.20±3.13 +w/o Lgeom 64.05±3.55 59.45±3.01 +Table 4: Ablation of training components. Left: For the actor, the communication adapter and curriculum learning +``` +are foundational; removing the adapter leads to near-zero success rates. Right: For the reasoning model, the +``` +``` +geometry alignment loss (Lgeom) proves to be the most critical objective for maintaining performance under +``` +compression. See Appendix E for full results and analysis. +``` +capacity, we consider two settings. i) Untrained: +``` +We directly use Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct to generate +full-length latents for actor training, and then trun- +cate them to shorter lengths. This setting evaluates +``` +the empirical compressibility of raw latents. ii) +``` +``` +Trained: We use a compression-trained Qwen2.5- +``` +7B-Base reasoning model. Results on the LLaMA +model are provided in Appendix G. +As shown in Table 3, naive truncation performs +``` +best at moderate compression (50%) but degrades +``` +under more aggressive shortening, revealing the +limits of untrained compression. In contrast, com- +pression training enables consistently higher and +more stable success rates across compressed latent +``` +ranging from 8 to 128 steps (around 1.8% to 28.8% +``` +``` +of the full sequence), indicating that the reason- +``` +ing model learns an information-preserving pattern +that discards temporal redundancy while retaining +task-relevant semantics. Furthermore, compression +substantially improves efficiency, reducing end-to- +end latency from 9.19 s to 0.39 s with 8-step latents +``` +(nearly 24× speed-up), and further to 0.20 s with a +``` +lightweight bridge module by largely eliminating +decode–re-encode overhead. +Why compression is effective. To understand +why compression preserves performance, we ana- +lyze its effect on the actor’s predictive uncertainty. +We sweep the communication rate R ∈ [0, 1] +and measure the task-averaged relative change +``` +in cross-entropy (CE), ∆CE%(R) = 100 × +``` +``` +CEcomp(R)−CEfull +``` +CEfull . As shown in Figure 5, ∆CE% +decreases monotonically with increasing R and +plateaus between roughly 30% and 75%, aligning +with the range of strongest empirical performance. +Across all rates, learned compression consistently +yields lower CE than training-free truncation, with +a maximum gap of approximately 11 percentage +points, indicating better preservation of predictive +confidence under reduced communication. +We further examine how information is pre- +served under compression via the actor’s output +``` +distributions. Following (Hao et al., 2024), broader +``` +probability mass is interpreted as indicating that +the model maintains more plausible alternatives. +Figure 6 analyzes the latent steps of the reason- +ing agent by plotting the cumulative probabil- +ity mass of the top-6 tokens across communica- +tion percentiles, with probabilities normalized over +the top-10 tokens for comparability. Latents pro- +8 +duced by the trained reasoning agent exhibit sta- +ble gaps between successive top-6 curves across +steps, whereas untrained compression shows rapid +concentration toward top-ranked tokens. We quan- +tify this behavior using a head-coverage statistic, +``` +P50(S10), defined as the median cumulative prob- +``` +ability mass of the top-10 tokens, which is consis- +tently lower for the trained model and indicates +broader support over plausible alternatives. +Together, these observations suggest that learned +compression preserves diverse hypotheses across +multiple reasoning steps, avoiding collapse into a +single trajectory and thereby retaining richer infor- +mation for downstream decision making. +5.3 Ablation Studies +Table 4 presents a systematic ablation of the train- +ing components. For the actor model, removing +curriculum learning forces the model to interpret +latents from scratch, leading to extremely unstable +training dynamics and severely degraded compre- +``` +hension (Appendix, Figure 7). Removing the sep- +``` +``` +aration loss induces shortcut behavior; the model +``` +learns to ignore the latent communication and rely +only on the textual task prompt, causing perfor- +mance to regress toward the single agent baseline. +Removing the communication adapter causes the +``` +largest drop; despite generating fluent and coherent +``` +responses, the model fails to complete tasks, un- +derscoring the adapter’s role in bridging the agents’ +latent spaces and enabling interpretation of latents. +For the reasoning model, which is trained to +generate compressed latents, we ablated its three +core loss functions with compressed target length +``` +K = 128. The most critical component is the di- +``` +``` +rection alignment loss (Lgeom). This highlights the +``` +importance of maintaining geometric consistency +between the compressed latents and the uncom- +``` +pressed ones. The agreement loss (Lpref ) is also vi- +``` +tal, as removing it significantly impairs the model’s +ability to produce latents that elicit the correct be- +havior from the actor. Removing the cross-entropy +``` +loss (Ltask) degrades performance on seen tasks +``` +but slightly improves unseen performance, suggest- +ing a minor trade-off between in-distribution op- +timization and generalization. We leave a deeper +investigation into this trade-off to future work. +6 Conclusion +In this work, we introduced Interlat, a paradigm +that enables inter-agent communication entirely in +latent space. Across experiments, our results show +that directly transmitting and reasoning over latent +states improves task performance and achieves sub- +stantially higher communication efficiency, even +demonstrating compatibility across heterogeneous +models. 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Latent col- +laboration in multi-agent systems. arXiv preprint +``` +arXiv:2511.20639. +``` +11 +Table of Contents +A LLM usage 13 +B Compression Loss 13 +Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 +``` +(1) Actor cross-entropy utility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 +``` +``` +(2) Uncertainty-weighted agreement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 +``` +``` +(3) Latent direction alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 +``` +Overall objective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 +C Set ups 14 +C.1 Implementation Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 +C.2 Baselines and settings in Interlat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 +D Benchmark 16 +D.1 Alfworld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 +Task Setup and Evaluation Metrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 +Why ALFWorld for this work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 +D.2 MATH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 +E Ablations and Step Analysis 17 +Effect of curriculum learning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 +Step count versus performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 +F Training and Inference Pseudocode 18 +G Compression Result 19 +H Latent Parallelism Analysis 19 +I Qualitative Analysis of Latent Communication via PCA 21 +J Training Template 24 +12 +Appendix +The supplementary information accompanying the main paper provides additional data, explanations, and +details. +A LLM usage +ChatGPT1 was used purely with the language of the paper during the writing process, including spell- +checking and paraphrasing the authors’ original content, without suggesting new content. Any content +generated with the assistant underwent meticulous manual review and subsequently received final approval +from the authors. +B Compression Loss +Setup. After training an actor Mθ to consume latent communications, we freeze Mθ and train a reasoning +model Mϕ to produce compact, information-dense latent communications of length K that the frozen +``` +actor can still exploit. For an input instance with supervised token indices S (the teacher-forced window +``` +``` +after the first user turn), let +``` +``` +Hgen1:K = Mϕ(x) and Hfull1:L = Mins(x), (1) +``` +denote respectively the generated latent communication from the trainable reasoning model and the +full-length latent communication extracted from a fixed instruction-tuned model Mins. A lightweight +``` +communication adapter g(·) (kept frozen) preprocesses the latent communication before concatenation +``` +with boundary tokens /. For brevity, we use HK ≡ Hgen1:K and HL ≡ Hfull1:L . +``` +We define three actor-scored forward paths through the frozen actor Mθ given a prompt x: (i) Path +``` +``` +A (generated latents): E(A) = [ e(x), e(), g(HK ), e() ]; (ii) Path D (full-length latents): +``` +``` +E(D) = [ e(x), e(), g(HL), e() ]; (iii) Path B (no latents): E(B) = [ e(x) ]. Let z(q)t be the +``` +``` +frozen-actor logits at position t ∈ S under path q ∈ {A, D, B}, and +``` +``` +p(q)t = softmax +``` + +``` +z(q)t /T +``` + +``` +(2) +``` +be the corresponding token distributions with temperature T ≥ 1 used for distillation. Unless stated other- +``` +wise, gradients do not flow into Mθ or g(·). The detailed training procedure is provided in Algorithm 1. +``` +``` +(1) Actor cross-entropy utility. We require the generated message to be useful for the frozen actor: +``` +``` +Ltask = 1|S| +``` +X +t∈S + +``` +− log pθ(yt | Ct, HK ) +``` + +``` +| {z } +``` +``` +(computed under Path A). +``` +``` +(3) +``` +This term enforces that the compressed latents HK still drive correct next-token predictions, directly +``` +penalizing information loss due to shortening (K ≪ L). It prevents degenerate “over-compression” that +``` +would be efficient but useless to the actor. Practically, it anchors training on task utility, encouraging +compression gain does not come at the cost of downstream performance. +``` +(2) Uncertainty-weighted agreement. We further encourage behavioral agreement between using +``` +``` +full-length latent communication (Path D) and generated compressed latent communication (Path A), with +``` +per-token weights that reflect how much any latent reduces uncertainty relative to the no-latent baseline +``` +(Path B). Let the entropies be +``` +``` +H(q)(t) = − +``` +X +v +``` +p(q)t (v) log p(q)t (v) +``` +``` +| {z } +``` +``` +q∈{A,D,B} +``` +``` +, . (4) +``` +1https://chat.openai.com/ +13 +Define raw weights w⋆t = max + +``` +H(B)(t) − H(D)(t), 0 +``` + +and optionally clip w⋆t to [0, τ ] to suppress +outliers. Normalize to unit mean: +``` +wt = w +``` +⋆t +1 +|S| +P +u∈S w⋆u + ε +``` +. (5) +``` +The agreement term is a temperature-scaled KL: +``` +Lpref = 1P +``` +t∈S wt +X +t∈S +wt T 2 KL + +``` +p(D)t p(A)t +``` + += T +2 +P +t∈S wt +X +t∈S +wt +X +v +``` +p(D)t (v) log p +``` +``` +(D) +``` +``` +t (v) +``` +``` +p(A)t (v) +``` +. +``` +(6) +``` +``` +By matching p(A) to p(D) where full latents actually reduce uncertainty (weights wt), this term teaches +``` +HK to reproduce the informative behavioral effects of HL while ignoring positions where latents are +unhelpful. Unlike reconstruction-based or contrastive objectives, this formulation aligns compressed +latents directly through the actor’s induced behavior, avoiding assumptions about latent invertibility or +instance-level correspondence. This allows compressed communication to focus on functional equivalence +rather than representational similarity. This is particularly important for reasoning latents, which are +over-parameterized, temporally misaligned under compression, and lack a natural one-to-one mapping +across steps. By aligning compressed and full communications through induced behavior, our formulation +supports variable-length latent messages, enables abstraction across multiple reasoning steps, and yields +more stable and transferable training signals. +``` +(3) Latent direction alignment. To stabilize compression, we align the global direction of actor-side +``` +``` +latent features induced by generated vs. data latents. Let Z(q)k ∈ Rdz be the actor-side features (after g(·) +``` +``` +and the actor’s input stack) at latent step k under path q ∈ {A, D}. When HL has length L̸ = K, apply +``` +``` +a fixed resampling operator ρK (e.g., uniform down/up-sampling) and write Z(D)1:K = ρK +``` + +``` +Z(D)1:L +``` + +. Define +``` +step-averaged directions ¯z(q) = 1K +``` +PK +``` +k=1 Z +``` +``` +(q) +``` +k and the cosine penalty +``` +Lgeom = 1 − cos +``` + +``` +¯z(A), ¯z(D) +``` + += 1 − ⟨¯z +``` +(A), ¯z(D)⟩ +``` +``` +∥¯z(A)∥2 ∥¯z(D)∥2(7) +``` +This term preserves the geometry of the actor-side representations, preventing the compressed latents from +drifting to directions that the actor interprets differently. Empirically, it improves stability and mitigates +mode collapse when K is small by retaining the global semantic orientation of HL. +``` +Overall objective. The compression objective for Mϕ (with Mθ frozen) is +``` +``` +Lcompress = λtaskLtask + λpref Lpref + λgeomLgeom (8) +``` +``` +In practice, all terms are computed over t ∈ S with teacher forcing; gradients propagate only to ϕ. +``` +C Set ups +C.1 Implementation Details +We implement our method based on the Qwen2.5-7B-Base and Qwen2.5-0.5B-Base and LLaMa3-8B- +``` +Base models (Yang et al., 2024; Dubey et al., 2024). We deliberately use base models rather than +``` +instruction-tuned models as actor models to avoid leaking high-level task priors or implicit planning +heuristics into the evaluation. Base models provide unbiased, non-task-specialized language modeling +behavior, ensuring that any improvement stems from the latent communication itself rather than from +preexisting instruction-tuned reasoning abilities. Using base models, therefore, establishes a stricter and +more controlled testbed that isolates the effect of latent messages, allowing us to attribute performance +gains to the latent communication mechanism rather than to properties introduced by instruction tuning. +``` +All training processes are conducted using mixed-precision training (bfloat16), FlashAttention-2 (Dao, +``` +14 +``` +2023), gradient checkpointing, and DeepSpeed ZeRO-2 (Rajbhandari et al., 2020) with CPU offload for +``` +parameters and optimizer states on 8 NVIDIA A100-80G GPUs with batch-level early stopping on the +reasoning model. The global batch size is 16, corresponding to 2 samples per GPU. We adopt the AdamW +``` +optimizer (Loshchilov and Hutter, 2017) with a learning rate of 1e-5, a 3% warm-up ratio. A validation +``` +split of 5% of the dataset is used for model selection. For the pre-process of latent communication, +``` +we employ a multi-head attention layer (8 heads), followed by layer normalization and an adaptive +``` +projection module as the communication adapter. We treat the task loss with unit weight, and scale the +other two terms by dynamic coefficients that are annealed during training, with Qwen2.5-7B-Base and +LLaMA3.1-8B-Base: λsep ∈ [0.1, 1.0], λalign ∈ [0.1, 0.2] and Qwen2.5-0.5B-Base: λsep ∈ [0.1, 0.5], +λalign ∈ [0.1, 0.2]. For negative sampling in the contrastive objective, we use latent communication from +different tasks within the same batch, which provides a more challenging discrimination target compared +to random noise. +For compression training, the weights of three losses are all 1. We implement our system with a +frozen actor agent and a trainable reasoning agent based on Qwen2.5-7B-Base and LLaMA3.1-8B- +``` +Base. Unless otherwise stated, the reasoning model (Qwen2.5-7B-Base and LLaMA3.1-8B-Base) uses +``` +``` +mixed precision (bfloat16), FlashAttention-2 (Dao, 2023) when available, gradient checkpointing, and +``` +``` +DeepSpeed ZeRO-2 (Rajbhandari et al., 2020) with CPU offload for parameters and optimizer states. We +``` +``` +train on 64×A100-80GB GPUs with per-GPU micro-batch size 2; DeepSpeed automatically sets gradient +``` +accumulation to meet the target effective batch. The optimizer is AdamW with learning rate 5×10−5, +warmup ratio 3%, and we select models by a 5% validation split with early stopping +``` +We choose Alfworld (Shridhar et al., 2020) to test our Interlat, which provides multi-step tasks that +``` +require a multi-agent system to plan and act based on the environment. We adopt the official split with +3119 training tasks, 140 validation tasks, and 134 test tasks. Episodes are capped at 20 environment +``` +steps; Success is 1 if the goal state is reached within the budget and 0 otherwise. All models are trained +``` +``` +on ALFWorld trajectory data from (Song et al., 2024), which includes task descriptions, step-by-step +``` +thoughts, and actions. Latent communications are extracted from a Qwen2.5-7B-instruct, Qwen2.5-0.5B- +instruct, and LLaMA3.1-8B-instruct models. We report the mean result over three independent runs for +each model–method/variation pair. +C.2 Baselines and settings in Interlat. +We consider two external baselines, which do not rely on latent communication at all. All baselines are +``` +trained using the same base models (Qwen2.5-7B/0.5B-Base, LLaMA3.1-8B-Base) as Interlat, differing +``` +only in whether and how inter-agent communication is provided. +1. CoT (full). We use complete Chain-of-Thought (CoT) traces produced by a related instruction- +``` +tuned model (Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct, and LLaMA3.1-8B-Instruct) to perform +``` +full-parameter supervised fine-tuning. In inference, the model receives a complete CoT plan before +generating answers. +Rationale. This baseline serves as a strong upper bound for language-based communication: it +evaluates whether latent communication can surpass explicit human-readable planning, and controls +for the supervision quality provided by an instruction-tuned teacher. +2. No-CoT. The language model is trained to produce the final answer directly, without receiving any +plan from other agents. +Rationale. This baseline isolates the contribution of any communication signal. It tests whether +inter-agent exchange, latent or linguistic, is necessary for solving multi-step tasks. +In addition, we evaluate controlled variants of Interlat to diagnose what information is encoded in the +latents. +1. Text. Instead of latent communication, we feed the corresponding CoT plan (in language space) to +the actor. +15 +Rationale. This variant keeps the interaction protocol unchanged while varying only the communica- +tion channel. It enables a direct comparison between language-space and latent-space communication +under matched training conditions, disentangling architectural factors from representational ones. +2. No-Comm. We remove any communication from the actor’s input. This variant quantifies the +intrinsic benefit of communication in our framework and verifies that performance improvements do +not arise solely from modifications to the underlying model parameters. +3. CrossTask. We replace the current task’s latent communication with one sampled from a different +task. +Rationale. This variant examines whether the actor is genuinely interpreting task-specific latent +content. A substantial degradation indicates reliance on meaningful information encoded in the +latents, rather than superficial distributional shortcuts. +4. Noised. We add perturbations to the latent communication H: (a) CovNoise-0.5×/1.0×: covariance- +``` +shaped noise εt ∼ N (0, ˆΣ) with optional strength λ ∈ {0.5, 1.0}, where ˆΣ is the sample covariance +``` +``` +of the original H; (b) WhiteNoise: a control drawn from N (0, I) with the same length. +``` +Rationale. Noise-based perturbations interrogate the robustness and locality of latent-space semantics. +Covariance-shaped noise preserves global second-order structure, whereas white noise does not, +allowing us to assess whether the actor relies on fine-grained geometric relations within true latent +trajectories. +5. CovGauss. We replace the entire H with i.i.d. samples Ht ∼ N (0, ˆΣ) (0μ) and report a robustness +``` +check with N (ˆμ, ˆΣ) (μ). These preserve first-second order moments while removing higher-order +``` +structure and temporal alignment. +Rationale. This variant preserves the mean and covariance of the original latent distribution while +discarding all higher-order statistics and temporal correlations. It tests whether latent communication +``` +conveys information beyond global moments (first-order and second-order moments), e.g., structured +``` +reasoning paths or non-Gaussian manifold geometry. +6. RandomRot. We apply a structure-preserving but information-scrambling transform H′ = ˆμ + +``` +(H − ˆμ) ˆΣ−1/2 Q ˆΣ1/2, where Q is a Haar-random orthogonal matrix (Mezzadri, 2006). +``` +Rationale. This preserves the mean/covariance exactly while disrupting higher-order structure. +Random rotation strictly preserves the first two moments of the latent distribution while scrambling +its geometric orientation and higher-order structure. This constitutes a strong diagnostic of whether +the actor depends on directional semantics or sequential organization within the latent manifold, +rather than mere distributional similarity. +7. Cross-Family. We evaluate Interlat under a cross-model-family setting, where the sender and actor +belong to different pretrained model families. Specifically, latent communications are generated by +``` +a sender model from one family (In this work, we use Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct) and consumed by an +``` +``` +actor model from another family (LLaMA3.1-8B-Base), without sharing parameters or tokenizer +``` +vocabularies. +Rationale. This setting tests whether latent communication encodes task-relevant information in +a model-agnostic manner, rather than exploiting family-specific activation conventions or implicit +alignment. +D Benchmark +D.1 Alfworld +``` +Alfworld (Shridhar et al., 2020) is a text-only benchmark that simulates embodied household tasks while +``` +keeping interaction purely in natural language. Agents observe textual descriptions of the scene and issue +``` +high-level commands from a constrained action set (e.g., go to, open, close, take, put, toggle on/off, heat, +``` +16 +``` +cool, examine). Tasks are long-horizon and compositional, requiring perception, planning, and execution +``` +over multiple steps under partial observability. The benchmark provides official train/seen/unseen splits +``` +and a standard success metric under a fixed step budget (e.g., 20 steps in our setup), enabling systematic +``` +and reproducible evaluation of sequential decision-making. +``` +Task Setup and Evaluation Metrics. ALFWorld (Shridhar et al., 2020) is a text-based embodied +``` +reasoning benchmark where an agent must interact with a simulated household environment to complete +``` +goal-oriented tasks (e.g., put the apple in the fridge). Each episode begins with a textual scene description, +``` +and in our settings, we allow up to 20 environment steps for an actor agent to solve a task. At every step, +the agent observes the updated environment state and issues a textual command from a constrained action +``` +set (go to, open, close, take, put, toggle on/off, heat, cool, examine, etc. ), receiving a textual observation +``` +``` +and reward signal. We train agents on trajectories derived from expert demonstrations (Song et al., 2024), +``` +which include the environment descriptions, intermediate thoughts, and executed actions. During training, +the actor agent predicts the next action conditioned on task context or received latent communication, while +the actor model executes and provides cross-entropy feedback. Alfworld evaluates agents’ performance +using two primary metrics: success rate and steps. Success rate measures the proportion of tasks in +``` +which the final goal state is reached within the allowed step budget (Success = 1 if goal achieved, else 0). +``` +“Steps” reports the average number of environment interactions, i.e., action–observation cycles—taken to +successfully complete or terminate a task, not rounds of inter-agent communication. Higher success rates +indicate better reasoning and coordination efficiency. We provide training templates in Appendix J. +Why ALFWorld for this work? First, its multi-step, plan-then-act structure closely matches our sender- +receiver setup and stresses the precise abilities our method targets: exploration quality, plan following, +and coordination. Prior work shows that continuous latent reasoning is especially advantageous +on planning-heavy tasks, latent representations preserve multiple candidate reasoning branches and +``` +promote breadth-first search (BFS) dynamics (Hao et al., 2024). We ask whether the same or similar +``` +``` +advantages hold when agents communicate in latent space; ALFWorld is an ideal testbed because its +``` +tasks require long-horizon planning, where agents iteratively observe, form thoughts, and act based on +environment feedback. Second, the text-only interface isolates the communication modality itself, letting +us cleanly contrast language space vs. latent space communication without confounds from external +tools or perception pipelines, thereby allowing us to probe what new properties latent communication +introduces for agent behavior. Third, community resources provide consistent task descriptions and action +``` +trajectories, allowing us to derive both language baselines (e.g., a CoT plan) and latent representations +``` +from the same underlying data, reducing distribution shift. Finally, the moderate episode length and +standardized protocol make it feasible to average over multiple independent runs, yielding robust statistics +for ablations and compression analyses. +D.2 MATH +``` +MATH (Hendrycks et al., 2021) is a standard benchmark for evaluating mathematical reasoning in large +``` +language models. It consists of high-quality competition-style problems spanning algebra, geometry, +number theory, and combinatorics, each annotated with a difficulty level from 1 to 5. Unlike ALFWorld, +MATH is a non-interactive, single-turn reasoning task: models must solve each problem without envi- +ronmental feedback or intermediate observations, producing a final answer in one pass. We use MATH +to assess whether latent communication provides benefits beyond interactive settings, particularly under +increasing reasoning complexity as reflected by higher difficulty levels. +E Ablations and Step Analysis +We present ablation studies for both the actor and reasoning models, reporting the average number of +``` +steps for successful trials versus all trials (success/all). +``` +Effect of curriculum learning. For the actor model, removing curriculum learning forces the agent to +interpret latent communications from scratch. As shown in Figure 7, this leads to highly unstable training +17 +Method Seen Steps Unseen Steps +Actor model +Ours Full 70.48±1.01 9.41/12.54 65.42±0.87 9.86/13.37 +w/o curri 33.10±2.97 9.07/16.38 20.65±2.15 10.47/18.03 +w/o Lsep 58.81±1.41 8.07/12.98 60.70±5.50 9.64/13.71 +w/o Lalign 56.90±1.41 8.16/13.26 53.98±3.35 9.56/14.36 +w/o adapter 4.05±1.70 9.32/19.57 4.48±1.31 10.53/19.58 +Reasoning model +Ours Full 68.10±1.93 9.21/12.65 62.94±2.03 9.88/13.63 +w/o Ltask 65.71±1.43 8.86/12.68 63.18±3.47 9.68/13.48 +w/o Lpref 64.76±2.97 8.92/12.82 60.20±3.13 9.68/13.79 +w/o Lgeom 64.05±3.55 8.71/12.77 59.45±3.01 9.88/13.98 +Table 5: Ablation of training components. “Ours Full” uses all components. +dynamics and substantially degraded latent comprehension, preventing the model from consistently +leveraging the communicated information. +Figure 7: Training dynamics of the cross-entropy loss +when curriculum learning is removed, illustrating highly +unstable optimization behavior. +Step count versus performance. Table 5 re- +veals a nuanced but systematic relationship be- +tween step count and task performance. On seen +tasks, ablating key components results in a lower +overall success rate. Although these ablated mod- +els often take fewer steps on the trials they com- +plete, their high failure rate indicates an inability +to reliably interpret latent communication and +solve tasks. In contrast, the full model achieves +both higher success rates and longer trajectories, +suggesting that additional steps correspond to +productive exploration rather than inefficiency. +``` +On unseen tasks, several ablations (e.g., remov- +``` +ing curriculum learning or the communication +``` +adapter) exhibit the opposite pattern: the agent +``` +takes more steps while achieving a lower success +rate. This demonstrates that longer trajectories +alone do not imply effective exploration. Without +these critical components, the policy exhibits un- +structured search behavior that fails to form coherent task-solving strategies. Together, these observations +underscore the importance of evaluating step count jointly with success rate, and support our central +claim that information-rich latent communication enables structured and effective exploration rather than +random wandering. +F Training and Inference Pseudocode +Algorithm 1 gives the detailed two-stage first actor agent, second reasoning agent training procedure for +latent communication, and Algorithm 2 summarizes the inference process. +18 +``` +(a) Training-free sweep over retained ra- +``` +tio R +``` +(b) Latent length L vs. performance (un- +``` +``` +trained & trained) +``` +Figure 8: Result of compression on seen and unseen tasks. Left: Success rate under training-free compression with +different retained ratios R. Right: Performance of untrained and trained models across latent lengths L +G Compression Result +In this section, we provide more detailed results on compression with average steps as success/all across +``` +tasks in Table 6 (LLaMA3.1-8B-Base) and Table 7 (Qwen2.5-7B-Base) and corresponding performance +``` +``` +trend in Figure 8. Latency is measured on the same machine and decoding policy (if needed) across +``` +rows 2. +Figure 9: Parallelism in latent communication over the first six steps. Red indicates latents from the trained model, +and blue indicates latents from the untrained base model. The trained latents preserve stable vertical gaps between +``` +successive Top-k bands and achieve a markedly lower P50(S10), evidencing persistent parallelism, whereas the +``` +untrained base model’s latents progressively collapse toward Top-1. +H Latent Parallelism Analysis +We first compared the latent communications produced by our trained reasoning model with those from an +``` +off-the-shelf Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct model in the compression-effectiveness analysis (see the Experiments +``` +``` +section). Because our reasoning model is initialized from Qwen2.5-7B-Base, we additionally compare it +``` +with this base model, which has not been trained for generating compressed latent communication, in +Figure 9. The findings are consistent with the earlier comparison: the trained model maintains stable +``` +vertical gaps between successive Top-k curves across steps and exhibits a substantially lower P50(S10), +``` +whereas the base model shows a clear convergence toward Top-1. +``` +2For the untrained reasoning model, we use the standard generate API from Hugging Face transformers; see https: +``` +//github.com/huggingface/transformers. +19 +``` +Figure 10: Extended analysis (32 steps). Same construction as Fig. 6, now for steps 1–32. Persistent separation +``` +``` +among successive Top-k bands and consistently lower P50(S10) values indicate that the trained latents maintain +``` +broad, plausible reasoning branches across the entire sequence, despite compression. +20 +LLaMA3.1-8B +Ratio Seen Steps Unseen Steps Time +Untrained +Full 70.71±1.04 8.02/12.58 70.90±1.21 8.21/12.96 10.20s +90% 60.09±2.94 8.12/12.86 60.45±1.58 9.51/13.66 - +80% 65.27±1.66 8.23/12.32 63.43±4.84 9.05/13.06 - +70% 60.62±2.43 8.14/12.81 61.79±2.81 10.13/13.90 - +60% 59.82±2.55 7.90/12.76 63.44±2.79 9.39/13.27 - +50% 63.12±3.58 8.02/12.44 60.07±1.43 9.85/13.90 - +40% 65.27±1.08 8.06/12.21 59.70±1.83 9.67/13.83 - +30% 61.25±2.61 8.20/12.77 59.51±2.39 10.13/14.13 - +20% 61.79±3.10 8.41/12.84 57.84±1.58 9.48/13.92 - +10% 64.91±1.23 8.60/12.60 60.45±4.22 9.48/13.64 - +5% 63.68±2.57 8.42/12.62 60.95±1.35 9.90/13.84 - +0% 63.57±2.44 8.35/12.59 58.40±2.76 9.47/13.85 - +128L 61.59±2.34 8.24/12.75 62.39±2.82 10.01/13.77 4.00s +64L 62.54±2.90 8.38/12.73 60.52±3.08 9.86/13.86 2.10s +32L 62.30±2.08 8.33/12.73 57.46±2.28 9.98/14.24 1.20s +16L 63.89±2.70 8.53/12.67 59.61±3.53 9.50/13.74 0.70s +8L 61.79±2.44 8.09/12.64 58.77±2.76 9.99/14.12 0.45s +Trained +128L 66.46±1.98 8.18/12.54 66.35±1.86 8.96/13.12 2.80s +64L 66.21±1.72 8.12/12.58 65.42±1.94 9.02/13.20 1.40s +32L 65.45±1.63 8.08/12.60 65.01±1.88 9.08/13.28 0.72s +16L 64.41±1.95 8.10/12.64 65.20±1.76 9.12/13.34 0.39s +8L 64.32±1.84 8.14/12.66 64.89±1.69 9.18/13.40 0.24s +Table 6: Complete compression results with seen/unseen accuracy, steps, and latency across tasks on LLaMA +models. +We further extend the parallelism analysis to a deeper horizon of 32 steps. As shown in Figure 10, the +trained model exhibits stable vertical gaps between successive Top-k curves throughout these steps. This +extended analysis further verifies that the trained latent representations preserve a broader set of plausible +reasoning paths by sustaining a more balanced probability distribution rather than prematurely collapsing +to a Top-1 hypothesis. +I Qualitative Analysis of Latent Communication via PCA +To qualitatively examine the semantic structure encoded in latent communications, we perform Principal +``` +Component Analysis (PCA) on 3,119 samples from the ALFWorld training set. Each sample corresponds +``` +to the mean-pooled last-layer hidden state generated by the reasoning agent for a specific task instance. +Tasks are grouped according to the official ALFWorld task templates, which define six core reasoning pat- +``` +terns: pick_and_place, pick_clean_then_place, pick_heat_then_place, pick_cool_then_place, +``` +look_in_recep, and look_at_obj. Figure 11 visualizes the projection of latent communications onto +the first two principal components, which capture the dominant axes of variance across task instances. +The resulting PCA visualization reveals clear task-dependent organization in the latent space. +Action-centric templates such as pick_and_place form a dense central cluster, while templates in- +volving additional procedural constraints—such as thermal manipulation in pick_heat_then_place +and pick_cool_then_place—occupy adjacent yet separable regions. Perception-oriented tasks +``` +(look_in_recep and look_at_obj), although less frequent, also exhibit localized concentrations distinct +``` +21 +``` +Figure 11: PCA visualization of latent communications grouped by ALFWorld task templates (N = 3,119). Each +``` +point corresponds to the mean-pooled last-layer hidden state of the reasoning agent’s plan for a specific task instance. +Colors indicate six core task templates: pick_and_place, pick_clean_then_place, pick_heat_then_place, +pick_cool_then_place, look_in_recep, and look_at_obj. The emergence of distinct clusters suggests that +Interlat’s latent communication captures task-specific semantic structure, enabling the actor agent to differentiate +diverse reasoning paradigms without relying on natural language. +22 +Figure 12: Joint PCA visualization of latent communications grouped by ALFWorld task templates. Each point +``` +represents the mean-pooled last-layer hidden state of the reasoning agent for a single task instance (N = 3,119). +``` +Colors indicate different task templates. Solid points correspond to latent representations after applying the +communication adapter, while hollow points denote the original latents before transformation. Arrows depict the +centroid shift for each template from before to after. Although the centroid shifts are moderate in magnitude, their +directions are consistently template-dependent, indicating structured semantic reorganization rather than global +rescaling of the latent space. +23 +Qwen2.5-7B +Ratio Seen Steps Unseen Steps Time +Untrained +Full 70.48±1.01 9.41/12.54 65.42±0.87 9.86/13.37 9.19s +90% 68.57±1.63 8.77/12.30 67.16±1.97 9.27/12.79 - +80% 68.10±1.83 8.56/12.21 61.69±1.43 9.10/13.28 - +70% 67.14±1.82 8.68/12.40 63.43±2.24 9.42/13.29 - +60% 66.43±1.63 8.52/12.37 59.20±3.69 9.90/14.02 - +50% 72.14±1.48 9.03/12.09 61.19±2.84 9.37/13.50 - +40% 66.90±2.31 8.88/12.56 59.95±2.64 9.52/13.72 - +30% 65.95±2.12 8.80/12.61 62.19±1.58 10.11/13.85 - +20% 67.86±3.23 8.97/12.52 61.44±1.58 9.98/13.84 - +10% 67.86±2.12 8.76/12.37 62.44±2.64 9.72/13.58 - +5% 64.52±1.12 9.19/13.02 60.95±1.35 9.90/13.84 - +0% 62.14±2.01 10.19/13.90 62.19±2.32 10.23/13.92 - +128L 64.52±2.26 8.68/12.70 60.20±2.06 9.69/13.79 3.55s +64L 66.19±1.95 8.76/12.56 61.44±4.32 9.85/13.76 1.83s +32L 63.57±2.01 8.66/12.79 60.20±3.58 9.87/13.90 1.03s +16L 64.29±1.34 8.64/12.70 59.95±3.01 10.07/14.05 0.62s +8L 64.05±2.18 8.80/12.83 57.46±2.69 10.29/14.42 0.39s +Trained +128L 68.10±1.93 9.21/12.65 62.94±2.03 9.88/13.63 2.25s +64L 67.14±1.56 9.15/12.72 61.94±2.13 9.92/13.76 1.16s +32L 66.90±1.46 9.02/12.65 61.94±2.56 9.96/13.78 0.60s +16L 66.43±2.05 9.08/12.75 61.69±2.56 9.98/13.82 0.33s +8L 66.43±1.22 9.11/12.77 60.45±2.23 9.90/13.89 0.20s +Table 7: Complete compression results with seen/unseen accuracy, steps, and latency across tasks on Qwen models. +from execution-heavy templates. As PCA preserves global variance structure rather than emphasizing +local neighborhoods, this separation indicates that task-specific semantics are encoded in the dominant +``` +latent dimensions, rather than arising from projection artifacts. Moreover, intra-cluster dispersion (e.g., +``` +``` +within pick_and_place) suggests that latent representations retain fine-grained variations across task +``` +instances, rather than collapsing to a single prototype per template. +Beyond static clustering, we further analyze how these task-level structures are affected by the latent +communication adapter. As shown in Figure 12 and quantified in Table 8, different task templates exhibit +consistent but template-dependent centroid shifts before and after transformation. While the absolute +magnitudes of these shifts are moderate relative to within-template dispersion, their directions are highly +structured, indicating selective reorganization rather than global rescaling of the latent space. Execution- +heavy templates such as pick_and_place and pick_heat_then_place undergo larger relative shifts, +whereas observation-oriented templates remain more stable. Together, these results suggest that Interlat +preserves the overall geometry of latent communications while inducing task-aware semantic alignment, +enabling the actor agent to differentiate diverse reasoning paradigms without relying on explicit natural +language communication. +J Training Template +We present an example in Figure J to illustrate how agents explore and solve tasks in Alfworld. After +perceiving the environment, the agent executes an action, receives feedback from the environment, and +then proceeds to the next step until the goal is accomplished. Figure J shows an example of how training +24 +``` +Task template #Samples L R (median) ρ = L/R +``` +pick_and_place 848 1.742 8.347 0.209 +heat_then_place 578 2.403 11.506 0.209 +cool_then_place 429 1.329 13.111 0.101 +look_at_obj 187 0.794 8.498 0.093 +clean_then_place 632 0.989 17.839 0.055 +look_in_recep 431 0.250 23.393 0.011 +other 14 0.581 32.346 0.018 +Table 8: Quantitative centroid shift analysis for each task template. +data is structured for the actor agent. We append either the latent communication or the natural-language +plan after the instruction to facilitate inter-agent communication. +Conversations +Env +You are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, +you see a bathtubbasin 1, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a countertop 1, +a garbagecan 1, a handtowelholder 1, a sinkbasin 1, a toilet 1, a +toiletpaperhanger 1, and a towelholder 1. +``` +Task: put a toiletpaper in toiletpaperhanger. +``` +Agent +``` +Thought: I need to place a toilet paper roll on the toilet paper +``` +hanger. First, I should check if there’s already a roll on the hanger +or if it’s empty. +``` +Action: go to toiletpaperhanger 1 +``` +Env +``` +Observation: On the toiletpaperhanger 1, you see nothing. +``` +Agent +``` +Thought: The toilet paper hanger is empty, so I need to find a new +``` +roll of toilet paper to put on it. +``` +Action: go to toilet 1 +``` +Env +``` +Observation: On the toilet 1, you see a soapbottle 1, and a toiletpa- +``` +per 1. +Agent +``` +Thought: I’ve found a toilet paper roll on the toilet. I should pick it +``` +up so I can place it on the hanger. +``` +Action: take toiletpaper 1 from toilet 1 +``` +Env +``` +Observation: You pick up the toiletpaper 1 from the toilet 1. +``` +25 +Agent +``` +Thought: Now that I have the toilet paper roll, I need to return to +``` +the toilet paper hanger to install it. +``` +Action: go to toiletpaperhanger 1 +``` +Env +``` +Observation: On the toiletpaperhanger 1, you see nothing. +``` +Agent +``` +Thought: I’m back at the toilet paper hanger with the roll in hand. +``` +It’s time to put the toilet paper on the hanger. +``` +Action: put toiletpaper 1 in/on toiletpaperhanger 1 +``` +Training Template for Actor Agent +system +You are a helpful assistant. +user +Interact with a household to solve a task. Imagine you are an intelligent agent in a household +environment and your target is to perform actions to complete the task goal. At the beginning of +your interactions, you will be given a detailed description of the current environment and your goal +to accomplish. +For each of your turns, you will be given the observation of the last turn. You should first think +about the current condition and plan for your future actions, and then output your action in this +turn. Your output must strictly follow this format:"Thought: your thoughts. +``` +Action: your next action". +``` +The available actions are: +1. go to recep +2. task obj from recep +3. put obj in/on recep +4. open recep +5. close recep +6. toggle obj recep +7. clean obj with recep +8. heat obj with recep +9. cool obj with recep +where obj and recep correspond to objects and receptacles. +After your each turn, the environment will give you immediate feedback based on which you plan +your next few steps. if the envrionment output "Nothing happened", that means the previous action +is invalid and you should try more options. +Your response should use the following format: +``` +Thought: +``` +``` +Action: +``` +You are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a armchair 2, a armchair 1, +a coffeetable 2, a coffeetable 1, a diningtable 1, a garbagecan 1, a sidetable 2, a sidetable 1, and a +sofa 1. +Your task is to: find two newspaper and put them in armchair. +Now, you are given a step-by-step plan to complete this task as follow: + +26 +Insert a latent communication or textual plan for inter-agent communication. + + +assistant +``` +Thought: To complete the task, I need to locate two newspapers and place them in an armchair. I +``` +should start by searching the nearby furniture for any newspapers. +``` +Action: go to sofa 1 +``` +user +``` +Observation: On the sofa 1, you see a box 3, a box 2, a newspaper 2, and a pillow 1. +``` +assistant +``` +Thought: I’ve found one newspaper on sofa 1. I should pick it up to place it in the armchair later. +``` +``` +Action: take newspaper 2 from sofa 1 +``` +user +``` +Observation: You pick up the newspaper 2 from the sofa 1. +``` +assistant +``` +Thought: With newspaper 2 in hand, I need to find the second newspaper. The dining table is +``` +another common place where newspapers might be found. +``` +Action: go to dining table 1 +``` +user +``` +Observation: On the dining table 1, you see a box 1, a credit card 2, a credit card 1, a laptop 1, a +``` +newspaper 1, a plate 3, a plate 1, a remote control 1, a statue 3, a statue 1, a tissue box 3, and a +tissue box 1. +assistant +There’s the second newspaper on the dining table. I should take it so I can place both newspapers +in the armchair as instructed. +``` +Action: take newspaper 1 from dining table 1 +``` +user +``` +Observation: You pick up the newspaper 1 from the dining table 1. +``` +assistant +``` +Thought: With both newspapers now in my possession, I need to find an armchair to place them in. +``` +``` +Action: go to armchair 1 +``` +user +``` +Observation: On the armchair 1, you see a keychain 1. +``` +assistant +``` +Thought: The armchair has a keychain on it, but there’s enough space for the newspapers. I’ll place +``` +the first newspaper here. +``` +Action: put newspaper 2 in/on armchair 1 +``` +user +``` +Observation: You put the newspaper 2 in/on the armchair 1. +``` +assistant +``` +Thought: With the first newspaper placed, I need to put the second newspaper in the armchair to +``` +complete the task. +``` +Action: put newspaper 1 in/on armchair 1 +``` +27 +Algorithm 1 Two-Stage Training for Latent Communication +``` +Require: Dataset D; actor Mθ; teacher Mins; boundary tokens , ; +``` +``` +Require: replacement schedule rt; +``` +``` +Require: loss weights (λCE, λalign, λsep) +``` +``` +Stage I: Teach the actor to consume latents (no compression) +``` +1: for epoch = 1 → E1 do +``` +2: for (x, y) ∼ D do +``` +``` +3: (H, P ) ← Mins(x) ▷ data latents and plan from the frozen teacher +``` +``` +4: H(r) ← CURRICULUM(H, rt) ▷ random curriculum; length preserved +``` +``` +5: E ← [ e(x), e(), g(H(r)), e() ] ▷ latent-conditioned input +``` +``` +6: E(plan) ← [ e(x), e(), e(P ), e() ] ▷ plan-only input +``` +``` +7: S ← SUPERVISEDPOSITIONS(y) ▷ token indices within the supervised window +``` +``` +8: (z(r)A [S], p(r)A [S]) ← FORWARD(Aθ, E, S) ▷ teacher forcing +``` +``` +9: (zplan[S], pplan[S]) ← FORWARD(Aθ, E(plan), S) +``` +``` +10: sample ˜H from another task/batch; +``` +``` +11: ˜E ← [ e(x), e(), g( ˜H), e() ] +``` +``` +12: (z(neg)A [S], p(neg)A [S]) ← FORWARD(Aθ, ˜E, S) +``` +13: +LStage Itotal ← TotalLossStage I + +``` +p(r)A [S], y[S], pplan[S], +``` +``` +z(r)A [S], zplan[S], p(neg)A [S]; α, β, λCE, λalign, λsep +``` + +14: θ ← θ − η∇θLStage Itotal +15: end for +16: end for +``` +Stage II: Train the reasoner to compress (freeze Aθ) +``` +17: for epoch = 1 → E2 do +``` +18: for (x, y) ∼ D do +``` +``` +19: HK ← Mϕ(x) +``` +20: HL ← stopgrad + +``` +Mins(x) +``` + +``` +21: E(A) ← [ e(x), e(), g(HK ), e() ] +``` +``` +22: E(D) ← [ e(x), e(), g(HL), e() ] +``` +``` +23: (z(A)[S], p(A)[S]) ← FORWARD(Aθ, E(A), S) ▷ no grad into Aθ +``` +``` +24: (z(D)[S], p(D)[S]) ← FORWARD(Aθ, E(D), S) ▷ stop-grad +``` +``` +25: (z(base)[S], p(base)[S]) ← FORWARD(Aθ, [ e(x) ], S) ▷ context-only baseline; stop-grad +``` +26: LStage IItotal ← TotalLoss + +``` +p(A)[S], y[S], p(D)[S], p(base)[S], w[S]; λCE, λpref, τ +``` + +27: ϕ ← ϕ − η∇ϕLStage IItotal +28: end for +29: end for +``` +Algorithm 2 Inference with Latent Communication (training-free or trained) +``` +``` +Require: Dataset D; input x; reasoner Mϕ; actor Aθ; boundary tokens; target length K +``` +``` +1: HK ← Mϕ(x) +``` +``` +2: E ← [ e(x), e(), g(HK ), e() ] +``` +3: ˆy ← Decode + +Aθ, E + +4: return ˆy +28 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/papers/2511.20639v2.md b/docs/papers/2511.20639v2.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..57f7924 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/papers/2511.20639v2.md @@ -0,0 +1,2771 @@ + + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +## Jiaru Zou +## 1,2,*,† +## , Xiyuan Yang +## 2,*,† +## , Ruizhong Qiu +## 2,† +## , Gaotang Li +## 2,† +## , Katherine Tieu +## 2,† +## , Pan Lu +## 3,† +## , Ke Shen , +## Hanghang Tong +## 2 +## , Yejin Choi +## 3 +## , Jingrui He +## 2,B +## , James Zou +## 3,B +## , Mengdi Wang +## 1,B +## , Ling Yang +## 1,B +## 1 +## Princeton University +## 2 +University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign +## 3 +## Stanford University +## * +Co-Leadership +## † +## Core Contributors +## B +## Corresponding Authors +Code: https://github.com/Gen-Verse/LatentMAS +Multi-agent systems (MAS) extend large language models (LLMs) from independent single-model +reasoning to coordinative system-level intelligence. While existing LLM agents depend on text-based +mediation for reasoning and communication, we take a step forward by enabling models to collaborate +directly within the continuous latent space. We introduce LatentMAS, an end-to-end training-free +framework that enables pure latent collaboration among LLM agents. In LatentMAS, each agent first +performs auto-regressive latent thoughts generation through last-layer hidden embeddings. A shared +latent working memory then preserves and transfers each agent’s internal representations, ensuring +lossless information exchange. We provide theoretical analyses establishing that LatentMAS attains +higher expressiveness and lossless information preservation with substantially lower complexity than +vanilla text-based MAS. In addition, empirical evaluations across 9 comprehensive benchmarks spanning +math and science reasoning, commonsense understanding, and code generation show that LatentMAS +consistently outperforms strong single-model and text-based MAS baselines, achieving up to 14.6% +higher accuracy, reducing output token usage by 70.8%-83.7%, and providing 4×-4.3×faster end-to-end +inference. These results demonstrate that our new latent collaboration framework enhances system-level +reasoning quality while offering substantial efficiency gains without any additional training. +## ↓ 85.9% +## Avg. 83.7% +## Fewer Tokens +# of Tokens +## ↓ 81.7% +## ↓ 83.5% +## ↓ 84.7% +## ↓ 82.7% +## ↓ 83.4% +## 97.9 +## 93.7 +## 89.8 +## 74.2 +## 72.2 +## 81.3 +## 63.3 +## 58.4 +## 50.0 +## Avg. +13.3% +## Better Accuracy +## End +## -to +-End Speed +## -up +x3.2 +x3.7 +x3.1 +x4.1 +x3.4 +x3.4 +x4.7 +x5.7 +x7.0 +Avg. x4.3 Faster Inference +Figure 1|Evaluation of LatentMAS across (i) accuracy performance (%), (ii) inference speed +(times(s)/run), and (ii) token usage (per token) over 9 benchmarks and 3 LLM model scales under +the Hierarchical MAS setting. LatentMAS consistently improves system-level reasoning accuracy while +substantially reducing computational overhead compared with single model and text-based MAS. +Contact: Ling Yang, ly1988@princeton.edu. Work done when Jiaru visits Princeton. +arXiv:2511.20639v2 [cs.CL] 8 Dec 2025 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +## 1. Introduction +Model collaboration emerges as the foundation of system-level intelligence in the era of Agentic AI +(Acharya et al., 2025). Recent advances in multi-agent systems (MAS) (Hong et al., 2023; Hu et al., +2025; Wu et al., 2024) have catalyzed a paradigm shift from solitary, model-centric reasoning into +a collaborative endeavor among multiple interacting models. Among these, large language model +(LLM)-based MAS has been adopted across various downstream applications, including cooperative +math and science reasoning (Pezeshkpour et al., 2024; Zhou et al., 2025), distributed tool-use in +open-domain QA (Jin et al., 2025; Li et al., 2025d), and embodied decision-making in robotics (Feng +et al., 2025; Li et al., 2025c). Within LLM-based MAS, natural language or text generally serves +as the lingua franca—the common medium that carries each agent’s internal thoughts and enables +communication across different agents (Guo et al., 2024). +Beyond explicit text, several studies have explored the use of LLMs’ continuous latent space as a new +form of “model language,” (Chen et al., 2025b) by either (i) leveraging hidden representations within +transformers to enable single model’s internal latent chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning (Hao et al., +2024; Zhang et al., 2025; Zheng et al., 2025), or (ii) employing KV caches or layer embeddings for +information exchange across two models (Fu et al., 2025; Liu et al., 2024). However, a comprehensive +model collaboration framework unifying both latent reasoning and latent communication remains +unexplored. Moving one step forward, we investigate: +Can multi-agent systems achieve pure latent collaboration? +To address this question, we introduce LatentMAS, an end-to-end collaborative framework that +operates entirely within the continuous latent space. Our core design integrates both internal latent +thoughts generation and cross-agent latent working memory transfer. Inside each agent, reasoning +unfolds through auto-regressive generation of last-layer hidden representations, capturing the model’s +ongoing internal thoughts without explicit decoding. Across agents, information is exchanged via +shared latent working memory stored in layer-wise KV caches, capturing both the input context and +newly generated latent thoughts. Overall, LatentMAS is completely training-free, enabling all agents +to think and interact purely through their internal latent representations. +Building on our framework design, LatentMAS is grounded on three foundational principles, verified +by comprehensive theoretical and empirical analyses: +•Reasoning Expressiveness: Hidden representations naturally encode models’ continuous +thoughts, allowing each latent step to convey far richer information than discrete tokens. +•Communication Fidelity: Latent working memory preserves input representations and latent +thoughts of each model, enabling lossless cross-agent information transfer. +•Collaboration Complexity: LatentMAS achieves higher collaborative expressiveness of +TextMAS while achieving significantly lower inference complexity. +The first two principles jointly underscore the advantage of LatentMAS by enabling richer latent +reasoning and lossless latent communication. The third principle further provides an overall complexity +analysis, showing that LatentMAS achieves substantially lower computational complexity than text- +based MAS while maintaining a higher level of model expressiveness. +To empirically assess the efficacy of LatentMAS, we conduct comprehensive evaluations on nine +benchmarks spanning math and science reasoning, commonsense understanding, and code generation, +as illustrated in Figure 1. Across both sequential and hierarchical MAS settings and three backbone +scales (4B, 8B, and 14B (Yang et al., 2025)), LatentMAS consistently outperforms strong single- +model and text-based MAS baselines by (i) improving accuracy by up to 14.6%, (ii) reducing output +## 2 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +token usage by 70.8%-83.7%, and (iii) delivering 4×-4.3×faster end-to-end inference. These results +demonstrate that latent collaboration not only enhances system-level reasoning quality but also +provides substantial efficiency gains without any additional training. Further detailed analyses of +latent thought expressiveness, working-memory transfer, and input–output alignment confirm that +LatentMAS enables semantically meaningful, lossless, and stable collaboration entirely in latent space. +- Preliminary and Notations +Auto-regressive Generation in Transformer. Let푓 +## 휃 +(·)denotes the function computed by a standard +Transformer model (Vaswani et al., 2017), parameterized by휃. Given an input sequence푥= +## (푥 +## 1 +## , 푥 +## 2 +## , . . . , 푥 +## 푇 +## ) +, the transformer푓 +## 휃 +(·)first encodes each token via its input embedding layer푊 +in +to +obtain token embeddings up to step푡, i.e.,퐸=[푒 +## 1 +## , 푒 +## 2 +## , . . . , 푒 +## 푡 +## ] ∈ ℝ +## 푡×푑 +## ℎ +, where푑 +## ℎ +is the model’s hidden +dimension. The input token embeddings퐸then successively process through퐿transformer layers in +the forward pass through the model’s residual stream, yielding the final-layer hidden representations +## 퐻=[ℎ +## 1 +## , ℎ +## 2 +## , . . . , ℎ +## 푡 +## ] ∈ ℝ +## 푡×푑 +## ℎ +. For next token generation, the model computes: +## 푓 +## 휃 +## (푥 +## 푡+1 +## | 푥 +## ≤푡 +)= softmax(ℎ +## 푡 +## 푊 +out +## ),(1) +where푊 +out +denotes the language model head that maps the hidden representation to the vocabulary +space. Each token is generated in an auto-regressive manner and appended to the input sequence. +For latent space generation, the model feeds the last hidden state from the previous token directly as +the next input embedding without explicit decoding (Hao et al., 2024; Zhu et al., 2025). +KV Cache as Working Memory. In decoder-only Transformers, the Key-Value (KV) cache functions +as a dynamic working memory during auto-regressive generation, storing intermediate representa- +tions from previous decoding steps to avoid redundant computation. Specifically, given the input +embeddings퐸, each transformer layer projects them through projection matrices푊 +## 푄 +## ,푊 +## 퐾 +## ,푊 +## 푉 +to obtain +푄, 퐾,푉. When the next token at step푡+1 is generated, the model appends its embedding to the input +sequence and updates the cache (퐾 +cache +## ,푉 +cache +) as: +## 퐾 +cache +## ← [퐾 +## ≤푡 +## ; 퐾 +## 푡+1 +## ], 푉 +cache +## ← [푉 +## ≤푡 +## ;푉 +## 푡+1 +## ],(2) +where퐾 +## ≤푡 +## ,푉 +## ≤푡 +are accumulated key/value matrices from all previous steps and퐾 +## 푡+1 +## ,푉 +## 푡+1 +are new +key/value vectors computed from the current token’s hidden state. This accumulative property +enables the KV cache to maintain a growing working memory of model internal representations. +## Code +Sequential MAS +Hierarchical MAS +## Planner +## Critic +## Refiner +## Solver +## Code +## Math +## Science +## Aggregator +## Question +What is the boiling point of water on Mars? +## Planner +## Critic +## Refiner +## Solver +## Solver +## Math +## Science +## Summarizer +Figure 2 | Illustration of sequen- +tial and hierarchical MAS. +LLM-based MAS Setting. We consider a multi-agent systemS +composed of푁agents, denoted asA={퐴 +## 1 +## , 퐴 +## 2 +## , . . . , 퐴 +## 푁 +## },where +each agent 퐴 +## 푖 +is an LLM corresponding to 푓 +## 휃 +## 푖 +above. At inference +time, an input question푞is provided to the systemS, which +orchestrates interactions among agents to collaboratively produce +a final answer푎corresponding to푞. As MAS design paradigms +are not definitive in general and often vary across downstream +tasks (Cemri et al., 2025; Tran et al., 2025), we do not restrict our +latent collaboration design to any particular architecture. Instead, +we adopt two most commonly used MAS settings (sequential and +hierarchical) as the bases to experimentally evaluate our method. +Figure 2 illustrates the two MAS architecture settings. In the +sequential MAS, we adopt a chain-of-agents design (Zhang et al., +2024b; Zhao et al., 2025a) comprising four LLM agents:planner,critic,refiner, andsolver. +These agents assume complementary reasoning roles and are organized in a sequential pipeline, +## 3 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +## ... +## ... +## Latent Working +Memory of 푨푨 +## ퟏퟏ +## ... +## Layer 1 +## Layer N +## ... +## ... +## Token Embedding Layer +## 푥푥 +## 1 +## 푥푥 +## 2 +## 푥푥 +## 푡푡 +## Input Sequence +Latent Thoughts of 푨푨 +## ퟏퟏ +(Last-Layer Hidden States) +Compute 푄푄,퐾퐾,푉푉 via 푊푊 +## 푄푄 +## ,푊푊 +## 퐾퐾 +## ,푊푊 +## 푉푉 +풎풎 latent steps +## 푒푒 +## 1 +## 푒푒 +## 2 +## 푒푒 +## 푡푡 +## 푒푒 +## 푡푡+1 +## 푒푒 +## 푡푡+2 +## 푒푒 +## 푡푡+푚푚 +## ℎ +t +## 푁푁x +## ℎ +## 푡푡+1 +## ℎ +## 푡푡+2 +## ℎ +## 푡푡+푚푚 +## Agent 푨푨 +## ퟏퟏ +## ℎ +## 푡푡 +## ℎ +## 푡푡+1 +## ℎ +## 푡푡+푚푚−1 +Input-Output Alignment +## Agent 푨푨 +## ퟐퟐ +## ... +## Compute 푄푄,퐾퐾,푉푉 +KV of 퐴퐴 +## 2 +## ... +## ... +KV of 퐴퐴 +## 1 +(input + latent) +## 푁푁x +## ... +## ... +## ... +## ... +## ... +## ... +Condition Generated on +## Both 퐴퐴 +## 1 +and 퐴퐴 +## 2 + +## Concat +## Latent Reasoning +## Latent Communication +## Latent Reasoning +## 푨푨 +## ퟏퟏ +## 푨푨 +## ퟐퟐ +## Latent Communication +## Latent Reasoning +## 푨푨 +## ퟑퟑ +## ... +Key-Value (KV) Pairs +## ... +## ... +Latent Collaboration (LatentMAS) +Figure 3|Overview of LatentMAS. Each LLM agent in the system first generates latent thoughts +through last-layer hidden states, then transfers information layer-wise via shared latent working +memory stored in KV-caches, enabling completely system-wide latent collaboration. +where the CoT output of each agent with the question푞serves as the input to the next agent. In the +hierarchical MAS, we adopt a domain-specialized design (Zhao et al., 2025b; Zhuge et al., 2024). +Multiple LLM agents, includingcode,math, andscienceagents, operate as different domain +experts. Each agent independently reasons over the question푞from its disciplinary perspective. A +summarizeragent then receives all intermediate responses along with the question푞and performs +hierarchical aggregation to synthesize and refine the final answer. +- Building a Latent Collaborative Multi-Agent System +We introduce LatentMAS, an end-to-end latent collaboration framework that, given an input question, +all agents reason and communicate entirely within the latent space and only decode the final answer +in text. Our method enables LLM agents within the system to (i) perform super-expressive thoughts +generation in the latent space (Section 3.1), (ii) preserve and transfer each agent’s latent working +memory with lossless fidelity across interactions (Section 3.2), and (iii) achieve substantially lower +complexity than vanilla text MAS while maintaining the same level of expressiveness (Section 3.3). +Method Roadmap. In following sections, we present the complete pipeline of LatentMAS, detailing +each component and interleaving theoretical analyses to justify the corresponding design principles. +3.1. Auto-regressive Latent Thoughts Generation in Agents. +We start by describing, inside each LLM agent, how the model performs latent reasoning through its +layer-wise hidden states. Instead of generating explicit tokens, reasoning unfolds directly within the +model by auto-regressively appending hidden representations produced by the final transformer layer. +## 4 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +Specifically, given the input embeddings퐸= [푒 +## 1 +## , 푒 +## 2 +## , . . . , 푒 +## 푡 +]containing the information from the +question푞and each agent’s instruction prompt, each LLM agent퐴 +## 푖 +## ∈ Apasses퐸through퐿transformer +layers to compute the last-layer hidden representationℎ +## 푡 +at current step푡. Then, we insertℎ +## 푡 +as the +input embedding for the next step푡+1, replacing the original decoding and next-token embedding +processes used in standard token generation. We auto-regressively repeat the process for푚latent +steps, yielding a sequence of newly generated last-layer hidden states퐻=[ℎ +## 푡+1 +## , ℎ +## 푡+2 +## , . . . , ℎ +## 푡+푚 +## ]. We +define the continuous output representations 퐻 as the latent thoughts generated by 퐴 +## 푖 +## . +Input-Output Distribution Alignment. Since the newly generated퐻form a sequence of dense, +high-level representations, directly inserting them into shallow layers as input embeddings may lead +to out-of-distribution activations (Meegahapola et al., 2019; Zhou et al., 2019) , as these hidden states +differ from the statistical patterns of learned token embeddings. To mitigate this in a training-free +manner, we propose a linear alignment operator that maps last-layer hidden states back to the valid +input embeddings. Specifically, given푊 +in +## ,푊 +out +as the input and output embedding layers of퐴 +## 푖 +, we +seek a projection matrix푊 +## 푎 +## ∈ ℝ +## 푑 +## ℎ +## ×푑 +## ℎ +that maps each output vectorℎ∈ 퐻to a new input vector푒to +align with valid input space defined by 푊 +in +## : +## 푒= ℎ푊 +## 푎 +, where 푊 +## 푎 +## ≈ 푊 +## −1 +out +## 푊 +in +## ,(3) +where the푊 +## −1 +## 표푢푡 +is the pseudo-inverse of푊 +## 표푢푡 +## 1 +. We then append the aligned vector푒into the input +sequence for auto-regressive latent generation. Note that푊 +## 푎 +is a small projection matrix of size +## 푑 +## ℎ +## × 푑 +## ℎ +## (e.g.,푑 +## ℎ +=1024 for Qwen3-0.6B) and is computed once and reused in all subsequent latent +steps. This design makes the alignment computationally negligible while maintaining distributional +consistency between latent and discrete representations. In Appendix A.2, we further provide a +detailed theoretical justification for the effectiveness of푊 +## 푎 +during the input-output alignment process. +Expressiveness on Continuous Latent Thoughts. With the mechanism of latent thought generation +established within each agent, we next provide a theoretical analysis to quantify its representational +advantage over conventional discrete token generation. The following theorem formalizes that latent +thoughts, which inherently preserve richer semantic structures, achieve substantially higher expressive +capacity than discrete text-based reasoning. +Theorem 3.1 (Expressiveness of Latent Thoughts). Under the Linear Representation Hypothesis +onℎ(detailed in Assumption B.1), if the sequence of all latent thoughts with length푚can be expressed +losslessly through corresponding text-based reasoning, then the length of text (in tokens) needs to be at +leastΩ +## +## 푑 +## ℎ +푚/log|V| +##  +, where |V| > 1 denotes the vocabulary size. +Remark 3.2. Theorem 3.1 suggests that latent thoughts generation can be푂 +## +## 푑 +## ℎ +/log|V| +##  +times +more efficient than text-based reasoning. In addition, the expressiveness scales linearly with푑 +## ℎ +## , +implying that larger models inherently exhibit greater latent reasoning capacity. +As an illustration to Remark 3.2, for Qwen3-4B / 8B / 14B models (Yang et al., 2025), latent thoughts +generation can be 235.7 / 377.1 / 471.4 times more efficient than text-based reasoning. The full proof +of Theorem 3.1 is provided in Appendix B.1. Beyond reasoning within individual agents, collaboration +in LatentMAS further relies on how these agents exchange latent information, which we detail next. +3.2. Working Memory Preservation and Thoughts Transfer across Agents. +In text-based MAS, after one LLM agent completes its generation, the natural language output is +directly appended to the input sequence of the next agent. However, since each agent in LatentMAS +## 1 +## As푊 +out +is typically non-square, its true inverse cannot be directly calculated as is. In practice, we compute푊 +## 푎 +in +Equation 3 by solving a ridge regression (Hoerl and Kennard, 1970):min +## 푊 +## 푎 +## {∥푊 +out +## 푊 +## 푎 +## − 푊 +in +## ∥ +## 2 +## 퐹 +## + 휆∥푊 +## 푎 +## ∥ +## 2 +## 퐹 +}, which can be +computed efficiently in polynomial complexity by 푊 +## 푎 +## =(푊 +## ⊤ +out +## 푊 +out +## + 휆퐼) +## −1 +## 푊 +## ⊤ +out +## 푊 +in +(Detailed in A.1). +## 5 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +performs hidden-state generation without explicit text outputs, we design a new latent working +memory transfer mechanism to ensure lossless information preservation and exchange. +For clarity, we describe the transfer mechanism using the first two consecutive LLM agents퐴 +## 1 +## , 퐴 +## 2 +## ∈ A +in LatentMAS. As shown in Figure 3, agent퐴 +## 1 +first performs푚latent steps of generation (Section 3.1). +After completing these steps, we extract the KV-caches from all퐿transformer layers of퐴 +## 1 +once, and +define its latent working memory as: +## M +## 퐴 +## 1 +## = +n +## 퐾 +## (푙) +## 퐴 +## 1 +## ,cache +## ,푉 +## (푙) +## 퐴 +## 1 +## ,cache +##  + + + +## 푙= 1, 2, . . . , 퐿 +o +## , +where 퐾 +## (푙) +## 퐴 +## 1 +## ,cache +## =[퐾 +## (푙) +## 퐴 +## 1 +## ,1 +## , . . . , 퐾 +## (푙) +## 퐴 +## 1 +## ,푡+푚 +## ], 푉 +## (푙) +## 퐴 +## 1 +## ,cache +## =[푉 +## (푙) +## 퐴 +## 1 +## ,1 +## , . . . ,푉 +## (푙) +## 퐴 +## 1 +## ,푡+푚 +## ]. +## (4) +## Here퐾 +## (푙) +## 퐴 +## 1 +## ,cache +and푉 +## (푙) +## 퐴 +## 1 +## ,cache +are accumulated key and value matrices at the푙-th layer. Unlike existing +cache-sharing methods (Fu et al., 2025; Ye et al., 2025a) that exchange information only on prefilled +input context across models, the collection of layer-wise caches inM +## 퐴 +## 1 +encapsulates both the initial +input context and the newly generated latent thoughts of agent 퐴 +## 1 +## . +Next, the successive agent퐴 +## 2 +integrates the working memoryM +## 퐴 +## 1 +from agent퐴 +## 1 +## . Before퐴 +## 2 +generates +latent thoughts (i.e., last-layer hidden states), we perform layer-wise concatenation to update its KV +cache by prepending each퐾 +## (푙) +## 퐴 +## 1 +## ,cache +and푉 +## (푙) +## 퐴 +## 1 +## ,cache +to existing퐾 +## (푙) +## 퐴 +## 2 +## ,cache +and푉 +## (푙) +## 퐴 +## 2 +## ,cache +. By doing so, the +new latent thoughts generation in퐴 +## 2 +is conditioned on both the working memory of퐴 +## 1 +and its own +internal representations. +Lossless Information Transfer. The latent working memory transfer mechanism ensures that each +succeeding agent in LatentMAS seamlessly receives its predecessor’s complete output without re- +encoding. The following theorem formalizes this property, showing that latent working memory +transfer guarantees information fidelity equivalent to explicit input exchange. +Theorem 3.3 (Information Preservation via Latent Working Memory). In both latent and +text-based reasoning, the outputs of an agent when receiving latent working memory from preceding +agents are equivalent to those obtained when directly inputting the preceding agents’ outputs. +The full proof of Theorem 3.3 is provided in B.2. In addition, with lossless information preservation, +we transfer latent working memory in KV rather than directly transmitting hidden states to avoid +redundant recomputation for the successive agent. +3.3. End-to-End Pipeline with Complexity Analyses +For the remaining agents in LatentMAS, we follow the same latent thoughts generation and working +memory transfer mechanism described above. Specifically, agent퐴 +## 3 +inherits the working memory +## M +## 퐴 +## 2 +from the preceding agent퐴 +## 2 +, performs auto-regressive last-layer hidden state generation, and +subsequently transmits its updated latent working memoryM +## 퐴 +## 3 +to the next agent. This process +continues across all agents in LatentMAS, with only the last agent decoding the final answer. Below, +we theoretically analyze the overall complexity of our framework. +Theorem 3.4 (LatentMAS Complexity). The time complexity for each agent of LatentMAS is +## 푂 +## +## (푑 +## 2 +## ℎ +## 푚+ 푑 +## ℎ +## 푚 +## 2 +## + 푑 +## ℎ +## 푡푚)퐿 +##  +, where푡is the input length of this agent, and푚is the length of latent +thoughts. In contrast, assuming Theorem 3.1, the time complexity for each agent of the vanilla +text-based MAS needs to be푂 +## +## 푑 +## 3 +## ℎ +## 푚 +## 1 +log|V| +## + 푑 +## 3 +## ℎ +## 푚 +## 2 +## 1 +log +## 2 +## |V| +## + 푑 +## 2 +## ℎ +## 푡푚 +## 1 +log|V| +##  +## 퐿+ 푑 +## 2 +## ℎ +## |V|푚 +## 1 +log|V| +##  +to achieve +the same expressiveness. +Proof of Theorem 3.4 is provided in B.3. Note that LatentMAS is agnostic to specific model collaboration +strategies and can be seamlessly applied to sequential, hierarchical, or other advanced MAS designs. +## 6 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +Table 1|Main results of LatentMAS on 6 general tasks under the Sequential MAS setting. We +report 3 metrics in total, including task accuracy (%, “Acc."), total output token usage (“Token"), and +end-to-end inference speed (time(s) / run, “Speed"). We compare LatentMAS with both TextMAS +and single-model (“Single") baselines. For each metric, we bold the better performance and visualize +LatentMAS gains over TextMAS in theImprove columns. +TasksMetrics +Qwen3-4B +## Improve +Qwen3-8B +## Improve +Qwen3-14B +## Improve +Single TextMAS LatentMASSingle TextMAS LatentMASSingle TextMAS LatentMAS +Sequential MAS Setting +## Acc.95.496.498.6↑ 2.295.699.198.8 ↓ 0.397.299.099.4↑ 0.4 +ARC-EToken7242420581↓ 76.0%6562085490↓ 76.5%6081670224↓ 86.6% +## Speed3692874512×5.640437021759×2.155191712124×4.3 +## Acc.89.290.092.3↑ 2.391.094.694.4 ↓ 0.292.695.995.6 ↓ 0.3 +ARC-CToken9132678718↓ 73.2%8462252529↓ 76.5%7732985426↓ 85.7% +## Speed971579260×6.12662059703×2.933851251136×4.5 +## Acc.82.489.888.2 ↓ 1.681.192.393.8↑ 1.583.793.895.2↑ 1.4 +GSM8KToken1136 3172607↓ 80.9%1280 2324860↓ 63.0%1118 3324644↓ 80.6% +## Speed4691970375×5.34491739543×3.253637291952×1.9 +## Acc.47.765.366.3↑ 1.053.075.075.3↑ 0.364.780.380.7↑ 0.4 +MedQAToken2134 39621685↓ 57.5%2098 42601555↓ 63.5%1746 34441841↓ 46.5% +## Speed2361267438×2.94761923928×2.11360 41421420×2.9 +## Acc.63.569.873.5↑ 3.764.869.574.6↑ 5.168.572.875.7↑ 2.9 +MBPP+Token1634 44201339↓ 69.7%2053 36951164↓ 68.5%1858 49711621↓ 67.4% +## Speed5232148577×3.71064 36281275×2.82410 87282400×3.6 +## Acc.75.079.779.9↑ 0.274.480.580.5 ↑ 0.076.881.186.5↑ 5.4 +HumanEval+Token2380 59871775↓ 70.4%2507 45931866↓ 59.4%2366 59342042↓ 65.6% +## Speed2741044350×3.05021619497×3.31084 40621285×3.2 +Table 2|Main results of LatentMAS on 6 general tasks under the Hierarchical MAS setting. We +report accuracy, token usage, and end-to-end speed, and highlight the performance gains following +the same evaluation protocol as in Table 1. +TasksMetrics +Qwen3-4B +## Improve +Qwen3-8B +## Improve +Qwen3-14B +## Improve +Single TextMAS LatentMASSingle TextMAS LatentMASSingle TextMAS LatentMAS +Hierarchical MAS Setting +## Acc.95.497.196.8 ↓ 0.395.698.298.3↑ 0.197.298.398.7↑ 0.4 +ARC-EToken7242054363↓ 82.3%6562237308↓ 86.2%6082752619↓ 77.5% +## Speed3692239591×3.840436191779×2.055171021884×3.8 +## Acc.89.292.591.7 ↓ 0.891.093.393.9↑ 0.692.695.395.5↑ 0.2 +ARC-CToken9132674447↓ 83.3%8462854344↓ 87.9%7732167295↓ 86.4% +## Speed971275299×4.32662034714×2.833842831090×3.9 +## Acc.82.489.488.4 ↓ 1.081.190.489.5 ↓ 0.983.790.891.6↑ 0.8 +GSM8KToken1136 3098555↓ 82.1%1280 2370353↓ 85.1%1118 3021495↓ 83.6% +## Speed4691878360×5.24491365702×1.953636751631×2.3 +## Acc.47.765.067.3↑ 2.353.076.377.0↑ 0.764.778.078.3↑ 0.3 +MedQAToken2134 67021015↓ 84.9%2098 68931007↓ 85.4%1746 5473899↓ 83.6% +## Speed2361495557×2.74763387964×3.51360 75911250×6.1 +## Acc.63.569.370.6↑ 1.364.871.972.2↑ 0.368.573.073.8↑ 0.8 +MBPP+Token1634 67821339↓ 80.3%2053 77031264↓ 83.6%1858 74581187↓ 84.1% +## Speed5231766489×3.61064 38981387×2.82410 91622507×3.7 +## Acc.75.076.279.3↑ 3.174.476.878.0↑ 1.276.884.186.6↑ 2.5 +HumanEval+Token2380 81271373↓ 83.1%2507 87681274↓ 85.5%2366 81141512↓ 81.4% +## Speed274931333×2.85021809439×4.11084 39881188×3.4 +## 4. Empirical Evaluations +Tasks and Datasets. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation of LatentMAS across nine benchmarks +spanning both general-purpose and reasoning-intensive tasks: (i) Math & Science Reasoning, including +GSM8K (Cobbe et al., 2021), AIME24 (Maxwell-Jia, 2024), AIME25 (math ai, 2025), GPQA-Diamond +(Rein et al., 2023), and MedQA (Yang et al., 2024a); (ii) Commonsense Reasoning, including ARC-Easy +## 7 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +Table 3|Main results of LatentMAS on 3 reasoning-intensive tasks under both Sequential and +Hierarchical MAS settings. We report accuracy, token usage, and end-to-end speed, and highlight +the performance gains following the same evaluation protocol as in Table 1. +TasksMetrics +Qwen3-8B +## Improve +Qwen3-14B +## Improve +Single TextMAS LatentMASSingle TextMAS LatentMAS +Sequential MAS Setting +## Acc.50.053.356.7↑ 3.463.363.366.7↑ 3.4 +AIME24Token12891 385968953↓ 76.8%11263 3209210593↓ 67.0% +## Speed4212808688×4.11018 45541149×4.0 +## Acc.46.753.353.3 ↑ 0.056.760.063.3↑ 3.3 +AIME25Token14692 450888699↓ 80.7%11298 4461811402↓ 74.4% +## Speed4503150820×3.81040 51841473×3.5 +## Acc.39.943.445.5↑ 2.148.551.552.0↑ 0.5 +GPQA-DiamondToken6435 179864571↓ 74.6%5547 126765454↓ 57.0% +## Speed8135771854×6.81043 97141475×6.6 +Hierarchical MAS Setting +## Acc.50.053.353.3 ↑ 0.063.370.073.3↑ 3.3 +AIME24Token12891 426297526↓ 82.3%11263 2902510230↓ 64.8% +## Speed4213132776×4.01018 57181089×5.3 +## Acc.46.750.050.0 ↑ 0.056.766.766.7 ↑ 0.0 +AIME25Token14692 5392913230↓ 75.5%11298 500039527↓ 80.9% +## Speed4503488616×5.71040 60191056×5.7 +## Acc.39.943.046.9↑ 3.948.552.053.0↑ 1.0 +GPQA-DiamondToken6435 224503395↓ 84.9%5547 209313606↓ 82.8% +## Speed8136108798×7.71043 91191458×6.3 +(Clark et al., 2018b) and ARC-Challenge (Clark et al., 2018a); and (iii) Code Generation, including +MBPP-Plus (Liu et al., 2023) and HumanEval-Plus (Liu et al., 2023). Detailed descriptions of each +benchmark are provided in Appendix C.1. +Models and Baselines. We adopt three off-the-shelf models from the Qwen3 family (Yang et al., 2025) +(4B, 8B, and 14B) to construct LatentMAS at different scales. For baseline comparison, we evaluate +LatentMAS against: (i) Single LLM agents (Single), where a single LLM directly performs standard +auto-regressive generation with token-level decoding; (ii) Sequential text-based MAS (Sequential +TextMAS), following the chain-of-agents design (Zhang et al., 2024b) with text-mediated reasoning +and communication; and (iii) Hierarchical text-based MAS (Hierarchical TextMAS), where domain- +specialized agents collaborate through a summarizer (Zhuge et al., 2024) using text-based reasoning +and communication. Detailed model and baseline implementations are provided in Appendix C.2. +Implementation Details. For latent thoughts generation, we compute the realignment matrix푊 +## 푎 +once per run and reuse it across all inference steps. Each LLM agent performs푚 ∈ {0,10,20,40,80} +latent steps during reasoning. For working memory transfer, we directly concatenate the KV caches +from the immediately preceding agent into the corresponding transformer layers through the +past_key_valuesinterface in HuggingFaceTransformers(Face, 2025). Besides the Hugging- +Face implementation, we also integrate all baseline methods and LatentMAS with thevLLMbackend +(Kwon et al., 2023), enabling prefix caching and tensor-parallel inference for efficient deployment of +larger LLM agents. We perform hyperparameter tuning and report the mean performance over three +independent runs. Across both baselines and our method, we set all LLM agents with a temperature of +## 8 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +## ↓ 79.0% +## ↓ 78.9% +## ↓ 76.1% +## ↓ 56.4% +## ↓ 68.5% +## ↓ 65.6% +## Avg. 70.8% Fewer Tokens +x4.0 +Avg. x4.0 Faster Inference +x4.5 +x3.5 +x2.6 +x3.4 +x3.2 +x4.0 +x3.6 +x6.7 +Figure 4|Efficiency gains of LatentMAS over single model and TextMAS under the sequential MAS +setting. Left: LatentMAS achieves substantially faster end-to-end inference, even though all baselines +are accelerated with vLLM backend. Right: LatentMAS requires far fewer system-wise token usage. +0.6 and a top-푝of 0.95. We adjust the maximum output length for each task according to its relative +difficulty. We set the maximum length to 2,048 tokens for ARC-Eacy, ARC-Challenge, and GSM8K, +4096 tokens for MedQA, MBPP+, and Humaneval+, 8,192 tokens for GPQA and 20,000 tokens for +AIME24/25. All experiments are conducted on 8×NVIDIA A100-80G GPUs. +4.1. LatentMAS Delivers Higher Accuracy with Efficient Collaboration +Main Results. Tables 1, 2, and 3 report the overall performance of LatentMAS across 9 general and +reasoning-intensive benchmarks built from 3 different scales of LLM backbones. To thoroughly examine +collaboration behaviors during inference, we evaluate each method from three complementary +perspectives: (i) task accuracy, (ii) system throughput (total output tokens), and (iii) end-to-end +inference speed. Across all tasks, LatentMAS consistently improves over the single-model baseline by an +average of 14.6% and 13.3% under the sequential and hierarchical settings, respectively, and further +yields gains of 2.8% and 4.6% over text-based MAS. Under identical MAS architectures, LatentMAS +provides 4×and 4.3×faster inference speed on average compared with sequential and hierarchical +text-based MAS. Additionally, as the entire collaboration occurs entirely in latent space, LatentMAS +reduces token usage significantly by 70.8% and 83.7% relative to sequential and hierarchical TextMAS. +Superior Efficiency on Latent Collaboration. As early established in Theorem 3.1, LatentMAS +can theoretically achieve orders-of-magnitude higher efficiency than text-based MAS. We further +empirically validate this advantage through efficiency analyses comparing LatentMAS with TextMAS. +As visualized in Figure 1 and 4 (left), even after accelerating the TextMAS baselines using the +vLLM service, LatentMAS still achieves a 2.6×-7×speedup over the vLLM-optimized TextMAS. This +improvement stems from the substantially reduced number of latent steps required for latent thoughts +generation compared with the much larger decoding steps needed for per-token text generation. For +instance, with fewer than 50 latent steps, LatentMAS attains comparable or even higher performance +on reasoning-intensive tasks such as AIME 24/25, whereas TextMAS typically requires more than 20K +output tokens to complete full text-based CoT trajectories. +In addition, as illustrated in Figure 1 and 4 (right), LatentMAS reduces token usage by 59.4%-87.9% +compared with TextMAS, as agents in LatentMAS communicate by directly transferring latent working +memory into another agent’s internal layers rather than relying on a text-based medium. Noteably, +LatentMAS also achieves 15.0%-60.3% lower token usage than single agents. Compared with single- +model reasoning, LatentMAS distributes the input question across multiple collaborating agents, +greatly reducing the burden on the final agent, which primarily aggregates preceding latent thoughts +## 9 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +Qwen3-4B +Qwen3-8B +Qwen3-14B +Figure 5|Illustration of the semantic meaning encoded by latent thoughts in LatentMAS. Newly +generated latent thought embeddings in LatentMAS largely cover the embedding space of text-based +generated tokens, indicating semantic consistency and greater expressive capacity than discrete text. +and decodes the final answer using only a small number of tokens. As a result, the entire system +generates fewer output tokens while still achieving higher accuracy. +4.2. In-depth Analyses on LatentMAS +Do Latent Thoughts Reflect Text Reasoning? We first verify whether latent thoughts generation in +LatentMAS produces meaningful and semantically expressive representations. To this end, we compare +the distribution of newly generated last-layer embeddings in LatentMAS with the embeddings of +token-by-token responses produced by TextMAS. Experiments are conducted on 300 MedQA questions, +using 40 latent steps for LatentMAS and a 4096 max-token budget for the TextMAS baseline. +As shown in Figure 5, we highlight two key observations: (i) The last-layer embeddings from +LatentMAS share nearly the same region of the embedding space with the token embeddings from +TextMAS, indicating that latent thoughts encode similar semantic representations as the correct text +responses. (ii) The last-layer embeddings from LatentMAS largely cover the distribution of token +embeddings from TextMAS, indicating that latent thoughts offer greater diversity and expressive +capacity than discrete tokens. Together, these findings show that latent thoughts not only capture +the valid semantics of their corresponding text responses but also encode richer and more expressive +representations inside. We further include a case study in Appendix D analyzing how LLM agents in +LatentMAS interpret their own latent thoughts to provide additional validation for our claim. +Input–Output Alignment +(Qwen3-4B) +## ℎ +## 푡푡 +## 푊푊 +## 푎푎 +DensityEmbedding Space +## ℎ +## 푡푡 +## 푊푊 +## 푎푎 +DensityEmbedding Space +Input–Output Alignment +(Qwen3-8B) +Figure 6|Effectiveness of the input-output alignment푊 +## 푎 +on MedQA. Unaligned output embeddings +## (ℎ +## 푡 +) drift away from the original input embeddings (푒 +## 푡 +), while the aligned vectors (푒 +## 푡+1 +) realign with +## 푒 +## 푡 +, demonstrating that 푊 +## 푎 +preserves embedding-space structure and prevents representation drift. +## 10 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +## + 3.6% +## + 2.3% +## + 5.3% +Figure 7|Downstream performance before/after +applying the input-output alignment 푊 +## 푎 +## . +## 푚0 10 20 40 80 160 +## ARC-C 91.3 93.4 93.4 94.9 94.8 93.7 +## ARC-E 94.7 98.9 98.9 99.4 99.6 98.3 +## GSM8K 85.6 90.3 90.9 91.4 92.0 91.9 +Figure 8|Effectiveness of different latent step +depths of LatentMAS on downstream performance. +Effectiveness on Input-Output Alignment. We next empirically evaluate the effectiveness of the +input-output alignment in our method design. First, we compare the input vector푒 +## 푡 +obtained from +the standard token embedding layer with both the newly generated output vectorℎ +## 푡 +before alignment +and the after-aligned vector푒 +## 푡+1 +. As shown in Figure 6, we visualize the three embedding vectors by +comparing both density distributions and geometric relationships in the projected embedding space. +We observe that the newℎ +## 푡 +deviates largely from the original input embedding푒 +## 푡 +. After applying +## 푊 +## 푎 +, the aligned vector푒 +## 푡+1 +realigns with푒 +## 푡 +, indicating that푊 +## 푎 +effectively restores the geometric and +statistical structure of the input embedding space and mitigates representation drift across iterative +latent steps. In Figure 7, we further compare downstream performance before and after applying푊 +## 푎 +and observe consistent accuracy gains of 2.3%-5.3% brought by 푊 +## 푎 +## . +Optimal Latent Step Depth. To understand how many latent steps are needed for optimal perfor- +mance in LatentMAS, we analyze the effect of increasing latent step depth across three downstream +tasks. As shown in Figure 8, increasing the number of latent steps generally improves downstream per- +formance, indicating that additional latent thoughts enhance collaborative expressiveness. Across the +three tasks on Qwen3-14B, we find that accuracy steadily rises and peaks around 40-80 steps. Beyond +this range, performance plateaus or declines, suggesting that excessive latent thought generation +may introduce redundant or less useful information. Based on this observation, we adopt a moderate +latent step budget within this range in practice, as it consistently provides the best accuracy-efficiency +trade-off without requiring any task-specific training procedures. +## 5. Related Work +LLM-based Multi-agent Systems. Recent studies in Agentic AI have extended classical multi-agent +systems (Park et al., 2023a; Yang et al., 2024b) grounded in traditional reinforcement learning and +policy coordination (Li et al., 2025b; Tan et al., 2025), to modern LLM settings, enabling models to +operate as autonomous agents that collaborate in reasoning, planning, and problem-solving (Tao et al., +2024; Wang et al., 2025b; Zhao et al., 2025b). Early investigations, such as ReAct (Yao et al., 2022), +AutoGen (Wu et al., 2024), and CAMEL (Li et al., 2023), coordinate multiple LLMs through explicit +dialogue or role assignment to improve task diversity and reliability. Additional methods introduce +structured communication protocols or training paradigms to enhance cooperation efficiency (Chen +et al., 2025a; Yan et al., 2025; Ye et al., 2025a; Zou et al., 2025) and emergent specialization (Huang +et al., 2025; Mieczkowski et al., 2025) among agents. In summary, a large amount of prior works follow +## 11 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +sequential planner-solver pipelines or hierarchical expert-summarizer structures, which correspond to +the two MAS settings we adopt for evaluating LatentMAS. Beyond algorithmic advances, LLM-based +MAS have been applied across diverse domains, such as math and science reasoning (Pezeshkpour +et al., 2024; Yue et al., 2024), open-domain question answering (Fourney et al., 2024; Wu et al., +2025), and multi-modal GUI interaction (Ye et al., 2025b; Zhang et al., 2024a), demonstrating their +versatility in complex real-world settings. Building upon these advanced text-MAS methods, our work +aims to enable a latent-based multi-agent collaboration system, treating agents as tightly integrated +components that achieve more efficient coordination and expressive capabilities. +Model Collaboration in Latent Space. Recent works on model ensemble collaboration (Sagi and +Rokach, 2018; Zhang and Ma, 2012) have shifted from text-level coordination to latent-space inter- +action. For example, ThoughtComm (Zheng et al., 2025) learns a shared latent space and routes +agent information through trained encoder–decoder and prefix modules on top of frozen LLMs. +Cache-to-Cache (Fu et al., 2025) enables semantic transfer across two models by projecting the sharer +model’s input-prompt’s KV into a receiver model. Mixture of Thoughts (Fein-Ashley et al., 2025) +leverages a primary expert model to aggregate cross-attention information of other models, enabling +single-pass, centrally controlled latent fusion. On the other hand, LatentMAS is a training-free latent +MAS in which each model first generates its own latent thoughts, and then the input with the newly +generated thoughts is transferred from one model to another for subsequent collaboration. +Latent Reasoning in LLMs. Beyond explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, recent work has +explored the continuous latent space of LLMs as an alternative reasoning medium (Chen et al., 2025b; +Hao et al., 2024), revealing that hidden states encode richer semantic structures than what discrete +token generation can express (Liu et al., 2024; Zhang et al., 2025). Latent reasoning methods such +as CoCoNut (Hao et al., 2024) and latent-space editing approaches (e.g., RepE (Zou et al., 2023), +LoT (Fungwacharakorn et al., 2024)) demonstrate that manipulating internal representations can +guide models to reason more coherently and improve controllability without explicit token-level +rationales. Other works (Fein-Ashley and Fein-Ashley, 2025; Li et al., 2025a; Wang et al., 2025a) +have also extended latent reasoning paradigms to vision-language models. These methods leverage +the structure of hidden states to perform interventions, such as steering, editing, or optimizing latent +trajectories, that shape downstream reasoning behavior while remaining agnostic to surface-level text. +By operating directly in the continuous space, they can induce reasoning steps that would be difficult +or inefficient to express (Coda-Forno et al., 2025; Liu et al., 2024; Zhang et al., 2025). Despite +these benefits, existing techniques are confined to a single model’s internal computations and do not +consider interaction or coordination across multiple reasoning entities (Hao et al., 2024). On the +other hand, LatentMAS extends latent reasoning to a multi-agent setting, enabling each agent to +generate latent thoughts and propagate latent information to others. Our new framework shifts latent +reasoning from an isolated capability of individual models to a system-level collaborative mechanism. +## 6. Conclusion +We introduced LatentMAS, a training-free framework that enables multi-agent systems to collaborate +entirely within the continuous latent space. By combining latent auto-regressive reasoning with a +lossless latent working-memory transfer mechanism, LatentMAS overcomes the inherent inefficiencies +and information bottlenecks of text-based collaboration. Our theoretical analyses establish substantial +gains in expressiveness and computational efficiency, and our empirical results across diverse reasoning, +commonsense, and code-generation benchmarks demonstrate that latent collaboration consistently +improves accuracy performance, token usage, and decoding speed over strong single-model and +text-based MAS baselines. 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In The Thirty-ninth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing +## Systems, 2025. +## 17 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +Table of Contents +A Input-Output Alignment in LatentMAS19 +A.1 Solving the Alignment Matrix 푊 +## 푎 +## . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 +A.2 Theoretical Justification on 푊 +## 푎 +## . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 +## B Theoretical Analysis22 +B.1 Proof of Theorem 3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 +B.2 Proof of Theorem 3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 +B.3 Proof of Theorem 3.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 +## C Experiment Setups25 +C.1 Evaluation Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 +C.2 Implementation Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 +C.3 Additional Discussions on LatentMAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 +## D Case Study27 +E Prompt Template for LatentMAS29 +## 18 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +## Appendix +A. Input-Output Alignment in LatentMAS +A.1. Solving the Alignment Matrix 푊 +## 푎 +In Section 3.1, we put the last-layer hidden statesℎback to the input sequence to enable the model’s +latent reasoning. However, since theℎis not perfectly aligned with the input embedding space, +directly feedingℎinto shallow layers may lead to out-of-distribution activation patterns inside LLMs. +To mitigate this in a training-free way, we seek a matrix푊 +## 푎 +which mapsℎto a valid input space (i.e., +## 푒= ℎ푊 +## 푎 +). A straightforward way to calculate푊 +## 푎 +is to enforce that the aligned latent vector푒behaves +similarly to a real input embedding when it enters the model. Motivated by our Theorem A.1 below, +this corresponds to the following minimization problem: +min +## 푊 +## 푎 +## ∥푊 +out +## 푊 +## 푎 +## − 푊 +in +## ∥ +## 2 +## 퐹 +## .(5) +This objective is quadratic in푊 +## 푎 +, so we can derive a closed-form solution by setting its derivative to +zero, which yields the normal equation: +## 푊 +## ⊤ +out +## 푊 +out +## 푊 +## 푎 +## − 푊 +## ⊤ +out +## 푊 +in +## = 0.(6) +Solving for 푊 +## 푎 +gives: +## 푊 +## 푎 +## = +## +## 푊 +## ⊤ +out +## 푊 +out +##  +## −1 +## 푊 +## ⊤ +out +## 푊 +in +## .(7) +For numerical stability, we further add a small hyperparameter휆 >0 to obtain a ridge regression +solution: +## 푊 +## 푎 +## = +## +## 푊 +## ⊤ +out +## 푊 +out +## + 휆퐼 +##  +## −1 +## 푊 +## ⊤ +out +## 푊 +in +## ,(8) +which we compute once and reuse for all latent reasoning steps. +A.2. Theoretical Justification on 푊 +## 푎 +In this section, we outline the theoretical justification for how푊 +## 푎 +minimizes the distributional gap +between the distribution of token embeddings and the distribution of aligned embeddings. +## Let푃 +## 푒 +and푃 +## ℎ +be the distribution of token embeddings푒and the hidden embeddingsℎ, respectively. +We assume that푃 +## 푒 +and푃 +## ℎ +can be generated by푒= 푊 +in,푥 +andℎ= 푊 +out,푥 +, respectively, where token푥 +follows an underlying token distribution푥 ∼ 푃 +## V +. For an alignment matrix푊 +## 푎 +, the aligned embedding +distribution 푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +is +## 푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +## : ˆ푒= ℎ푊 +## 푎 +## , ℎ∼ 푃 +## ℎ +## .(9) +Our goal is to minimize the distance between the aligned embedding distribution푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +and the token +embedding distribution 푃 +## 푒 +, which we measure via the Wasserstein distance: +## 푑 +## Wasserstein +## (푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +## , 푃 +## 푒 +) := inf +## 훾∈Γ(푃 +## 푒 +## ,푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +## ) +## √︂ +## 피 +## (ˆ푒,푒)∼훾 +## [∥ˆ푒− 푒∥ +## 2 +## 2 +## ],(10) +whereΓ(푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +## , 푃 +## 푒 +) is the set of all couplings of 푃 +## 푒 +and 푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +## . +## 19 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +Theorem A.1 (Upper Bound on Distribution Alignment). Suppose that the rows of푊 +in +and푊 +out +are mutually distinct. Then for any non-singular alignment matrix푊 +## 푎 +, the Wasserstein distance +between 푃 +## 푒 +and 푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +is upper bounded by +## 푑 +## Wasserstein +## (푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +## , 푃 +## 푒 +## ) ≤ ∥푊 +out +## 푊 +## 푎 +## − 푊 +in +## ∥ +## 퐹 +## .(11) +As we show in Appendix A.1, our choice of푊 +## 푎 +(Equation 3) minimizes this upper bound of푊(푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +## , 푃 +## 푒 +## ). +Proof. Consider the following joint distribution 훾 +## ∗ +## (ˆ푒, 푒): +## 훾 +## ∗ +## (ˆ푒, 푒) := +## ∑︁ +## 푥∈V +## 푃 +## V +## (푥)1 +## [푊 +out,푥 +## 푊 +## 푎 +## =ˆ푒] +## 1 +## [푊 +in,푥 +## =푒] +## .(12) +Since the rows of 푊 +in +are mutually distinct, then for every ˆ푒, +## ∑︁ +## 푒∈supp(푃 +## 푒 +## ) +## 훾 +## ∗ +## (ˆ푒, 푒)= +## ∑︁ +## 푒∈supp(푃 +## 푒 +## ) +## ∑︁ +## 푥∈V +## 푃 +## V +## (푥)1 +## [푊 +out,푥 +## 푊 +## 푎 +## =ˆ푒] +## 1 +## [푊 +in,푥 +## =푒] +## (13) +## = +## ∑︁ +## 푥∈V +## 푃 +## V +## (푥)1 +## [푊 +out,푥 +## 푊 +## 푎 +## =ˆ푒] +## ∑︁ +## 푒∈supp(푃 +## 푒 +## ) +## 1 +## [푊 +in,푥 +## =푒] +## (14) +## = +## ∑︁ +## 푥∈V +## 푃 +## V +## (푥)1 +## [푊 +out,푥 +## 푊 +## 푎 +## =ˆ푒] +## (15) +## = 푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +## (ˆ푒);(16) +and since the rows of 푊 +out +are mutually distinct, and 푊 +## 푎 +is non-singular, then for every 푒, +## ∑︁ +## ˆ푒∈supp(푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +## ) +## 훾 +## ∗ +## (ˆ푒, 푒)= +## ∑︁ +## ˆ푒∈supp(푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +## ) +## ∑︁ +## 푥∈V +## 푃 +## V +## (푥)1 +## [푊 +out,푥 +## 푊 +## 푎 +## =ˆ푒] +## 1 +## [푊 +in,푥 +## =푒] +## (17) +## = +## ∑︁ +## 푥∈V +## 푃 +## V +## (푥)1 +## [푊 +in,푥 +## =푒] +## ∑︁ +## ˆ푒∈supp(푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +## ) +## 1 +## [푊 +out,푥 +## 푊 +## 푎 +## =ˆ푒] +## (18) +## = +## ∑︁ +## 푥∈V +## 푃 +## V +## (푥)1 +## [푊 +in,푥 +## =푒] +## (19) +## = 푃 +## 푒 +## (푒).(20) +## 20 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +This implies 훾 +## ∗ +## ∈Γ(푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +## , 푃 +## 푒 +). It follows that +## 푑 +## Wasserstein +## (푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +## , 푃 +## 푒 +)= inf +## 훾∈Γ(푃 +## 푒 +## ,푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +## ) +## √︂ +## 피 +## (ˆ푒,푒)∼훾 +## [∥ˆ푒− 푒∥ +## 2 +## 2 +## ](21) +## ≤ +## √︂ +## 피 +## (ˆ푒,푒)∼훾 +## ∗ +## [∥ˆ푒− 푒∥ +## 2 +## 2 +## ](22) +## = +## √︄ +## ∑︁ +## ˆ푒∈supp(푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +## ) +## ∑︁ +## 푒∈supp(푃 +## 푒 +## ) +## 훾 +## ∗ +## (ˆ푒, 푒)∥ˆ푒− 푒∥ +## 2 +## 2 +## (23) +## = +## √︄ +## ∑︁ +## ˆ푒∈supp(푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +## ) +## ∑︁ +## 푒∈supp(푃 +## 푒 +## ) +## ∑︁ +## 푥∈V +## 푃 +## V +## (푥)1 +## [푊 +out,푥 +## 푊 +## 푎 +## =ˆ푒] +## 1 +## [푊 +in,푥 +## =푒] +## ∥ˆ푒− 푒∥ +## 2 +## 2 +## (24) +## = +## √︄ +## ∑︁ +## 푥∈V +## 푃 +## V +## (푥) +## ∑︁ +## ˆ푒∈supp(푃 +## ˆ푒,푊 +## 푎 +## ) +## ∑︁ +## 푒∈supp(푃 +## 푒 +## ) +## 1 +## [푊 +out,푥 +## 푊 +## 푎 +## =ˆ푒] +## 1 +## [푊 +in,푥 +## =푒] +## ∥ˆ푒− 푒∥ +## 2 +## 2 +## (25) +## = +## √︄ +## ∑︁ +## 푥∈V +## 푃 +## V +## (푥)∥푊 +out,푥 +## 푊 +## 푎 +## − 푊 +in,푥 +## ∥ +## 2 +## 2 +## (26) +## ≤ +## √︄ +## ∑︁ +## 푥∈V +## ∥푊 +out,푥 +## 푊 +## 푎 +## − 푊 +in,푥 +## ∥ +## 2 +## 2 +## (27) +## = +## √︃ +## ∥푊 +out +## 푊 +## 푎 +## − 푊 +in +## ∥ +## 2 +## 퐹 +## (28) +## =∥푊 +out +## 푊 +## 푎 +## − 푊 +in +## ∥ +## 퐹 +## .(29) +## □ +## 21 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +## B. Theoretical Analysis +B.1. Proof of Theorem 3.1 +Assumption B.1 (Linear Representation Hypothesis; Park et al., 2023b). We assume that the hidden +embeddingsℎare linear combinations +## Í +## 푑 +## ℎ +## 푖=1 +## 푐 +## 푖 +## 푠 +## 푖 +of an underlying semantic basis{푠 +## 1 +## , . . . , 푠 +## 푑 +## ℎ +## } ⊂ ℝ +## 푑 +## ℎ +(linearly independent) with ternary coefficients푐 +## 1 +## , . . . , 푐 +## 푑 +## ℎ +∈ {0,±1}, where푐 +## 푖 +=0 represents thatℎdoes +not have semantic 푖, and 푐 +## 푖 +=±1 represents that ℎ has semantic 푖 in a positive/negative way. +Theorem B.1 (Restate of Theorem 3.1). Under the Linear Representation Hypothesis onℎ, if +the sequence of all latent thoughts with length푚can be expressed losslessly through corresponding +text-based reasoning, then the length of text (in tokens) needs to be at leastΩ +## +## 푑 +## ℎ +푚/log|V| +##  +## ,where +|V| > 1 denotes the vocabulary size. +Proof of Theorem 3.1. Under Assumption B.1, the setH of hidden embeddings is +## H= +##  +## 푑 +## ℎ +## ∑︁ +## 푖=1 +## 푐 +## 푖 +## 푠 +## 푖 +## : 푐 +## 1 +## , . . . , 푐 +## 푑 +## ℎ +## ∈ {0,±1} +##  +## ,(30) +where{푠 +## 1 +## , . . . , 푠 +## 푑 +## ℎ +## } ⊂ ℝ +## 푑 +## ℎ +is the underlying semantic basis. Then, the set of length-푡latent reasoning +sequences isH +## 푚 +. Since the semantic basis is linearly independent, the size of the setHof hidden +embeddings is +## |H|=|{0,±1}| +## |{푠 +## 1 +## ,...,푠 +## 푑 +## ℎ +## }| +## = 3 +## 푑 +## ℎ +## .(31) +Thus, the size of the set of length-푚 latent reasoning sequences is +## |H +## 푚 +## |=|H| +## 푚 +## =(3 +## 푑 +## ℎ +## ) +## 푚 +## = 3 +## 푑 +## ℎ +## 푚 +## .(32) +To represent the setH +## 푚 +of length-푚latent reasoning sequences via the setV +## 푚 +## ′ +of length-푚 +## ′ +text-based +reasoning sequences losslessly, there needs to exist an surjective map fromV +## 푚 +## ′ +toH +## 푚 +, which implies +that |V +## 푚 +## ′ +## | ≥ |H +## 푚 +## |. Therefore, +## 푚 +## ′ += log +## |V| +## (|V| +## 푚 +## ′ +)= log +## |V| +## |V +## 푚 +## ′ +## |(33) +≥ log +## |V| +## |H +## 푚 +|= log +## |V| +## (3 +## 푑 +## ℎ +## 푚 +## )(34) +## = +## 푑 +## ℎ +푚 log 3 +log|V| +## =Ω +##  +## 푑 +## ℎ +## 푚 +log|V| +##  +## .□(35) +B.2. Proof of Theorem 3.3 +Theorem B.2 (Restate of Theorem 3.3). In both latent and text-based reasoning, the outputs of an +agent when receiving latent working memory from preceding agents are equivalent to those obtained +when directly inputting the preceding agents’ outputs. +Proof.Letℎ +## (푙) +## , 퐾 +## (푙) +## ,푉 +## (푙) +andℎ +## ′(푙) +## , 퐾 +## ′(푙) +## ,푉 +## ′(푙) +denote the output, keys, and values of푙-th transformer +layer when receiving latent working memory from preceding agents and when directly inputting the +preceding agents’ outputs, respectively. In the following, we will use induction to show thatℎ +## (푙) +## = ℎ +## ′(푙) +for every layer 푙= 1, . . . , 퐿. +## 22 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +Induction step. Suppose that ℎ +## (푙−1) +## = ℎ +## ′(푙−1) +, and we will show that ℎ +## (푙) +## = ℎ +## ′(푙) +## . +The KV cache contains퐾 +## ≤푡+푚 +## (푙) +and푉 +## ≤푡+푚 +## (푙) +. For each past token layer, at each attention layer, the +transformer produces one column of퐾 +## ≤푡+푚 +## (푙) +and a corresponding column of푉 +## ≤푡+푚 +## (푙) +. At the next +step the model forms a query from the current input and then uses that query together with the stored +## 퐾 +## ≤푡+푚 +## (푙) +and푉 +## ≤푡+푚 +## (푙) +to form the attention result. That attention result is a deterministic function of +the query and of the keys and values it attends to. +We are comparing two ways to make those same keys and values available to the current computation: +(i) actually feeding the earlier tokens into the model again, in which case the model will recompute +the same keys and values and then use them in attention; (ii) reading in퐾 +## ≤푡+푚 +## (푙) +and푉 +## ≤푡+푚 +## (푙) +from the +cache and use them directly. In both cases, the keys and values presented to the attention computation +are identical, because the cache was produced by the same model on the same inputs. +Given identical keys and values and the same current input, the attention output is the same in +both scenarios. The remainder of the transformer computation that produces the last-layer hidden +embedding is a deterministic function of that attention output (and the current input). Therefore, +the last-layer hidden embeddingℎ +## (푙) +produced for the current step is the same whether the model +recomputed keys/values from tokens or read퐾 +## ≤푡+푚 +## (푙) +## ,푉 +## ≤푡+푚 +## (푙) +from cache. Formally, sinceℎ +## (푙−1) +## = +## ℎ +## ′(푙−1) +## , 퐾 +## ≤푡+푚 +## (푙) +## = 퐾 +## ′ +## ≤푡+푚 +## (푙) +, and 푉 +## ≤푡+푚 +## (푙) +## = 푉 +## ′ +## ≤푡+푚 +## (푙) +, then ℎ +## (푙) +## = ℎ +## ′(푙) +## . +Induction base case. For the first layer, similarly with the induction step, since the input is the +same (for both latent-based and text-based reasoning),퐾 +## ≤푡+푚 +## (1) +## = 퐾 +## ′ +## ≤푡+푚 +## (1) +, and푉 +## ≤푡+푚 +## (1) +## = 푉 +## ′ +## ≤푡+푚 +## (1) +## , +then ℎ +## (1) +## = ℎ +## ′(1) +## . +Conclusion. By induction, we have thatℎ +## (푙) +## = ℎ +## ′(푙) +of every layer푙=1, . . . , 퐿. In particular, since +## ℎ= ℎ +## (퐿) +and ℎ +## ′ +## = ℎ +## ′(퐿) +, then ℎ= ℎ +## (퐿) +## = ℎ +## ′(퐿) +## = ℎ +## ′ +## .□ +B.3. Proof of Theorem 3.4 +Theorem B.3 (Restate of Theorem 3.4). The time complexity for each agent of LatentMAS is +## 푂 +## +## (푑 +## 2 +## ℎ +## 푚+ 푑 +## ℎ +## 푚 +## 2 +## + 푑 +## ℎ +## 푡푚)퐿 +##  +, where푡is the input length of this agent, and푚is the length of latent +thoughts. In contrast, assuming Theorem 3.1, the time complexity for each agent of the vanilla +text-based MAS needs to be푂 +## +## 푑 +## 3 +## ℎ +## 푚 +## 1 +log|V| +## + 푑 +## 3 +## ℎ +## 푚 +## 2 +## 1 +log +## 2 +## |V| +## + 푑 +## 2 +## ℎ +## 푡푚 +## 1 +log|V| +##  +## 퐿+ 푑 +## 2 +## ℎ +## |V|푚 +## 1 +log|V| +##  +to achieve +the same expressiveness. +Proof.We analyze the time complexity of our LatentMAS and the vanilla text-based MAS separately. +Time complexity of our method. Recall that a transformer layer consists of two main components: +self-attention and feed-forward networks. For a length-(푡+ 푚)sequence, the time complexity to +compute self-attention for푚latent reasoning steps is푂(푑 +## ℎ +## (푡+ 푚)푚)= 푂(푑 +## ℎ +## (푚 +## 2 ++ 푡푚))due to the +attention computation between푂(푡 +## 2 +)pairs of tokens, and the time complexity to compute feed- +forward networks for푚latent reasoning steps is푂(푑 +## 2 +## ℎ +## 푚) +due to matrix–vector multiplication. Since +there are 퐿 layers, the overall time complexity of our method is +## 푂 +## +## (푑 +## ℎ +## (푚 +## 2 +## + 푡푚)+ 푑 +## 2 +## ℎ +## 푚)퐿 +##  +## .(36) +## 23 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +Time complexity of the vanilla text-based MAS. Let푚 +## ′ +denote the number of text-based reasoning +steps. Similarly to the complexity analysis of our method, the time complexity to compute the hidden +embeddings is +## 푂 +## +## (푑 +## ℎ +## (푚 +## ′2 +## + 푡푚 +## ′ +## )+ 푑 +## 2 +## ℎ +## 푚 +## ′ +## )퐿 +##  +## .(37) +Besides that, due to matrix–vector multiplication and softmax computation, the time complexity to +decode hidden embeddings into tokens is +## 푂 +## +## 푑 +## ℎ +## |V|푚 +## ′ +##  +## .(38) +Hence, the overall time complexity of the vanilla MAS is +## 푂 +## +## (푑 +## ℎ +## (푚 +## ′2 +## + 푡푚 +## ′ +## )+ 푑 +## 2 +## ℎ +## 푚 +## ′ +## )퐿+ 푑 +## ℎ +## |V|푚 +## ′ +##  +## .(39) +Assuming Theorem 3.1, the number of text-based reasoning steps is +## 푚 +## ′ +## = 푂 +##  +## 푑 +## ℎ +## 푚 +log|V| +##  +## .(40) +It follows that the overall time complexity is +## 푂 +## +## (푑 +## ℎ +## (푚 +## ′2 +## + 푡푚)+ 푑 +## 2 +## ℎ +## 푚 +## ′ +## )퐿+ 푑 +## ℎ +## |V|푚 +## ′ +##  +## (41) +## = +##  +## 푑 +## ℎ +##  +## 푑 +## ℎ +## 푚 +log|V| +##  +## 2 +## + 푡 +##  +## 푑 +## ℎ +## 푚 +log|V| +##  +## + 푑 +## 2 +## ℎ +##  +## 푑 +## ℎ +## 푚 +log|V| +##  +## 퐿+ 푑 +## ℎ +## |V| +##  +## 푑 +## ℎ +## 푚 +log|V| +##  +## (42) +## = 푂 +##  +## 푑 +## 3 +## ℎ +## 푚 +## 2 +log +## 2 +## |V| +## + +## 푑 +## 3 +## ℎ +## 푚 +log|V| +## + +## 푑 +## 2 +## ℎ +## 푡푚 +log|V| +##  +## 퐿+ +## 푑 +## 2 +## ℎ +## |V|푚 +log|V| +##  +## .(43) +## □ +## 24 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +## C. Experiment Setups +## C.1. Evaluation Details +We introduce all datasets used in our experiments as follows: +## Math & Science Reasoning. +•GSM8K (Cobbe et al., 2021) is a widely used benchmark of 8.5K grade-school math word problems +designed to evaluate multi-step numerical reasoning. Each problem requires decomposing a natural- +language description into structured arithmetic steps, making it a standard testbed for assessing +chain-of-thought reasoning ability. +•AIME24 (Maxwell-Jia, 2024) consists of 30 competition-level problems from the 2024 American +Invitational Mathematics Examination. These questions span algebra, geometry, number theory, +and combinatorics, and require precise numeric answers with typically 1–3 digits, making the +benchmark a compact but challenging evaluation of high-school Olympiad-style reasoning. +•AIME25 (math ai, 2025) provides 30 additional problems from the 2025 AIME exam, maintaining +the same answer format and difficulty profile. Compared with AIME24, this benchmark includes +more multi-phase derivations and intricate combinatorial constructions, offering a complementary +stress test for mathematical robustness. +## • +GPQA-Diamond (Rein et al., 2023) is the most difficult split of the GPQA benchmark with 198 +questions, featuring graduate-level multiple-choice questions written by domain experts in physics, +biology, and chemistry. The dataset emphasizes conceptual depth, cross-disciplinary reasoning, +and the ability to synthesize multi-step scientific arguments under rigorous distractor settings. +## • +MedQA (Yang et al., 2024a) contains real medical licensing exam questions that assess biomedical +knowledge, clinical reasoning, and diagnostic decision-making. Problems require integrating textual +context with domain-specific medical understanding, making the benchmark a representative +testbed for professional-level scientific reasoning. +## Commonsense Reasoning. +## • +ARC-Easy (Clark et al., 2018b) consists of grade-school science questions from the AI2 Reasoning +Challenge that test foundational factual knowledge and straightforward commonsense reasoning. +As a simplified subset of ARC, it serves as a baseline measure of basic scientific understanding +without requiring complex multi-step inference. +•ARC-Challenge (Clark et al., 2018a) includes the most difficult items from the AI2 Reasoning +Challenge. These questions are intentionally adversarial, requiring multi-hop reasoning, causal and +counterfactual inference, and systematic elimination of distractor choices. Performance on ARC- +Challenge is widely regarded as a strong indicator of robust commonsense reasoning capabilities. +## Code Generation. +•MBPP-Plus (Liu et al., 2023) extends the original MBPP benchmark with broader input coverage, +additional hidden test cases, and stricter execution-based evaluation. Each problem requires +generating a self-contained Python function that satisfies a comprehensive unit-test suite, making +the benchmark a robust measure of code synthesis reliability and correctness. +•HumanEval-Plus (Liu et al., 2023) augments HumanEval with denser, more challenging test suites, +significantly increasing the rigor of functional correctness evaluation. The benchmark emphasizes +## 25 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +generalization beyond prompt examples and tests a model’s ability to produce semantically precise, +executable Python code under more demanding verification settings. +## C.2. Implementation Details +Beyond the experimental setup described in the main paper, we provide additional implementation +and evaluation details below. +Software Backend All methods are implemented in Python using PyTorch and HuggingFace +Transformers, with an optionalvLLMbackend for fast decoding and tensor-parallel inference. +We use the official chat templates and special tokens such as <|im_start|> and <|im_end|>. +Evaluation protocol. For all non-coding benchmarks, we report accuracy based on answer match- +ing of the final answer after text normalization (lowercasing, trimming whitespace, and removing +extraneous punctuation). +For multiple-choice datasets (GPQA-Diamond, MedQA, ARC-Easy, ARC-Challenge), we first extract +the model’s final answer string and then compare it via exact match to the answer letter. +For numeric problems (GSM8k, AIME24, AIME25), we evaluate correctness based on numeric equality: +we extract the final predicted answer, parse both prediction and answer into numbers, and mark as +correct only if the two values match. Predictions that fail numeric parsing are counted as incorrect. +For code generation tasks (MBPP-Plus and HumanEval-Plus), we evaluate the code by executing unit +tests. Specifically, we extract the predicted code from the model’s output, append the ground-truth +tests provided by the benchmark, and execute the combined script in a sandboxed environment with a +10-second timeout. A sample is counted as correct if and only if all tests pass without runtime errors. +C.3. Additional Discussions on LatentMAS +Extension to Heterogeneous Agents. For simplicity and training-free purposes, we assume that +all agents in LatentMAS share the same shape of transformer layers. To relax this assumption and +support heterogeneous agents in practice, one can directly leverage prior studies on layer mapping +and ensemble learning (Ainsworth et al., 2022; Wortsman et al., 2022) by introducing a trainable +adapter to align and share latent representations across different models. +## 26 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +## D. Case Study +Case Study (TextMAS on GSM8K) +Input Question: Debra is monitoring a beehive to see how many bees come and go in a day. She sees 30 bees leave the +hive in the first 6 hours, and then she sees 1/2 that many bees return in the next 6 hours. She sees two times as many +bees as she saw first leave the hive fly from the hive and leave in the next 6 hours. Then every bee that left before that +hadn’t already returned returns to the hive in the next 6 hours. How many bees did Debra see return to the hive in the +last 6 hours of the day? +TextMAS Output +Planner Agent: Okay, let’s see. I need to figure out how many bees Debra saw return to the hive in the last 6 hours. Let +me break down the problem step by step. First, the problem mentions different time intervals: first 6 hours, next 6 hours, +then the next 6 hours, and finally the last 6 hours. So there are four 6-hour periods in a day, making up 24 hours total. +Let me note each period and what happens in each. Starting with the first 6 hours: Debra sees 30 bees leave the hive. Let +me write that down as the first data point. So, Period 1 (0-6 hours): 30 bees leave. Then, the next 6 hours (Period 2: +6-12 hours), she sees half that number return. Half of 30 is 15. So, 15 bees return in Period 2. Next, the third period +(Period 3: 12-18 hours), she sees two times as many bees as she saw first leave the hive fly from the hive and leave. The +first time she saw 30 bees leave, so two times that is 60. So, 60 bees leave in Period 3. Then, the fourth period (Period 4: +18-24 hours), every bee that left before that hadn’t already returned returns to the hive. +Critic Agent: The reasoning plan correctly identifies all four 6-hour periods and reaches the right final con- +clusion, but the intermediate analysis contains several issues that reduce clarity and efficiency. First, the interpretation +of the phrase “before that” is revisited multiple times, even though it simply refers to the event in the previous +sentence (the 60 bees leaving), meaning only bees that left in Period 1 are relevant. Second, the plan temporarily +entertains the possibility that bees may have left in Period 2, despite the problem statement explicitly describing +only returns during this interval. Third, the plan repeatedly questions whether the 15 returning bees in Period 2 +originate from the initial 30, even though the text directly states they are “half that many” and therefore unambiguously +tied to Period 1. These detours introduce redundancy and confusion. Overall, while the conclusion of 15 return- +ing bees is correct, the path to it is unnecessarily convoluted and would benefit from a more concise timeline-based analysis. +Refiner Agent: I will provide a refined plan based on previous agents’ information. +- Identify the Time Periods and Events. We divide the day into four 6-hour intervals and record the events in each: +- Period 1 (0–6 hours): 30 bees leave the hive. +- Period 2 (6–12 hours): Half of those bees return, i.e., 15 bees. +- Period 3 (12–18 hours): Twice the number of bees that left in Period 1 leave the hive: 2× 30= 60 bees. +- Period 4 (18–24 hours): Every bee that left before Period 3 and has not yet returned comes back to the hive. +- Track Bees Leaving and Returning. +- Period 1: 30 bees leave. +- Period 2: 15 of these 30 bees return, leaving 15 still outside the hive. +- Period 3: 60 new bees leave (these are not relevant for the final return count). +- Period 4: Only bees that left before Period 3 and have not returned will come back. +- Determine Which Bees Return in Period 4. The only bees that left before Period 3 are the 30 from Period 1. Of these, +15 returned in Period 2. Thus, the remaining 15 bees from Period 1 return in Period 4. +- Return the Final Answer. +Solver Agent: Okay, let’s see. I need to figure out how many bees Debra saw return to the hive in the last 6 +hours. Let me break down the problem step by step. +First, the problem mentions different time intervals: first 6 hours, next 6 hours, then the next 6 hours, and finally the last +6 hours. So there are four 6-hour periods in a day, making up 24 hours total. Let me note each period and what happens +in each. Starting with the first 6 hours: Debra sees 30 bees leave the hive. Let me write that down as the first data point. +So, Period 1 (0-6 hours): 30 bees leave. Then, the next 6 hours (Period 2: 6-12 hours), she sees half that number return. +Half of 30 is 15. So, 15 bees return in Period 2. Next, the third period (Period 3: 12-18 hours), she sees two times as +many bees as she saw first leave the hive fly from the hive and leave. The first time she saw 30 bees leave, so two times +that is 60. So, 60 bees leave in Period 3. Then, the fourth period (Period 4: 18-24 hours), every bee that left before that +hadn’t already returned returns to the hive. So, bees that left in Period 1 and Period 2. But some of those bees may have +already returned in Period 2. +## ### Final Answer +Debra saw 15 +bees return to the hive in the last 6 hours of the day. (✗ Wrong Final Answer) +## 27 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +Case Study (LatentMAS on GSM8K) +Input Question: Debra is monitoring a beehive to see how many bees come and go in a day. She sees 30 bees leave the +hive in the first 6 hours, and then she sees 1/2 that many bees return in the next 6 hours. She sees two times as many +bees as she saw first leave the hive fly from the hive and leave in the next 6 hours. Then every bee that left before that +hadn’t already returned returns to the hive in the next 6 hours. How many bees did Debra see return to the hive in the +last 6 hours of the day? +LatentMAS Output +We are given a sequence of events involving bees leaving and returning to the hive over the course of a day, broken into +6-hour intervals. +According to the refiner’s plan, we need to track how many bees leave and return during each 6-hour interval, noting that +30 leave first, 15 return next, and 60 more leave afterward. In the final interval, all bees that had left and not yet returned +came back, giving a total of 15 remaining from the first group, plus 60 from the third group, for a total of 75 returning bees. +Let’s break it down step by step based on the plan: +Step 1: Bees that leave in the first 6 hours. Debra sees 30 bees leave the hive during the first 6-hour period. +Step 2: Bees that return in the next 6 hours. In the second 6-hour period, she sees half as many bees return: +## 1 +## 2 +× 30= 15 bees return. +Step 3: Bees that leave in the third 6-hour period. In the next 6 hours, twice the number from Step 1 leave: +2× 30= 60 bees leave. +Step 4: Bees that return in the final 6 hours. During the final 6 hours, every bee that had left earlier and had not yet +returned comes back to the hive. +We track the bees that left and determine which have already returned: +- From the first 6 hours: 30 bees left; 15 returned in Step 2, leaving 15 bees still out. +- From the third 6 hours: 60 bees left; none have returned yet. +Thus, the total number of bees returning in the final 6 hours is 15+ 60= 75 bees. +###Final Answer: 75 +## (✓ Correct Final Answer) +To better understand how latent collaboration changes multi-agent reasoning dynamics, we conduct +a detailed case study on GSM8K using the Qwen3-14B backbone under the Sequential MAS setting. +As shown in the example, TextMAS agents rely on lengthy textual exchanges that often amplify early +reasoning errors, misinterpretations by the planner propagate through the critic and refiner, ultimately +constraining the solver’s search space. In contrast, LatentMAS operates entirely through latent working- +memory transfer: each agent receives rich, continuous representations of prior reasoning rather than +brittle text, enabling later agents to reinterpret, refine, and correct upstream reasoning without +inheriting surface-level mistakes. This latent collaboration leads to more coherent intermediate steps, +more stable numerical reasoning, and ultimately yields the correct final answer, where TextMAS fails. +The case study illustrates how LatentMAS mitigates error compounding in multi-agent pipelines and +demonstrates the qualitative advantage of latent over text-based communication. +## 28 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +E. Prompt Template for LatentMAS +Sequential LatentMAS Prompts on Numeric Tasks (GSM8K / AIME2024 / AIME2025) +System Prompt for All Agents: +You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant. +Prompt for Planner Agent: +You are a Planner Agent. Given an input question, design a clear, step-by-step plan for how to solve the question. Question: +## {question} +Your outlined plan should be concise with a few bulletpoints for each step. Do not produce the final answer. Now output +your plan to solve the question below: +Prompt for Critic Agent: +You are a Critic Agent to evaluate the correctness of the input plan for the given question and provide helpful feedback +for improving the plan. Question: {question} +The plan information is provided in latent KV representation format. Review the plan and question and output: (1) +original plan contents (2) constructive feedback on the original plan. Format your response as follows: Original Plan: +[Copy the provided Planner Agent’s plan here] Feedback: [Your detailed feedback to improve the plan here] Now, output +your response below: +Prompt for Refiner Agent: +You are a Refiner Agent to provide a refined step-by-step plan for solving the given question. Question: {question} +You are provided with: (1) latent-format information: a previous plan with feedback (2) text-format information: the +input question you need to solve. Based on the input, write a refined and improved plan to solve the question. Make sure +your output plan is correct and concise. Now, output your refined plan below: +Prompt for Judger Agent: +You are a helpful assistant. You are provided with latent information for reference and a target question to solve. Target +## Question: {question} +The latent information might contain irrelevant contents. Ignore it if it is not helpful for solving the target question. Now, +reason step by step and output the final answer inside \boxed{YOUR_FINAL_ANSWER}: +## 29 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +Sequential LatentMAS prompts for multiple-choice tasks (ARC-E, ARC-C, GPQA, MedQA) +System Prompt for All Agents: +You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant. +Prompt for Planner Agent: +You are a Planner Agent. Given an input question, design a clear, step-by-step plan for how to solve the question. Question: +## {question} +Your outlined plan should be concise with a few bulletpoints for each step. Do not produce the final answer. Now output +your plan to solve the question below: +Prompt for Critic Agent: +You are a Critic Agent to evaluate the correctness of the input plan for the given question and provide helpful feedback +for improving the plan. Question: {question} +The plan information is provided in latent KV representation format. Review the plan and question and output: (1) +original plan contents (2) constructive feedback on the original plan. Format your response as follows: Original Plan: +[Copy the provided Planner Agent’s plan here] Feedback: [Your detailed feedback to improve the plan here] Now, output +your response below: +Prompt for Refiner Agent: +You are a Refiner Agent to provide a refined step-by-step plan for solving the given question. Question: {question} +You are provided with: (1) latent-format information: a previous plan with feedback (2) text-format information: the +input question you need to solve. Based on the input, write a refined and improved plan to solve the question. Make sure +your output plan is correct and concise. Now, output your refined plan below: +Prompt for Judger Agent: +You are a helpful assistant. You are provided with latent information for reference and a target question to solve. Target +## Question: {question} +The latent information might contain irrelevant contents. Ignore it if it is not helpful for solving the target question. Your +final answer must be selected from A,B,C,D. For example \boxed{A}. Do not add any other contents inside the box. Now, +reason step by step and output the final answer inside \boxed{YOUR_FINAL_ANSWER}: +## 30 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +Sequential LatentMAS prompts for python coding tasks (MBPP-Plus, HumanEval-Plus) +System Prompt for All Agents: +You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant. +Prompt for Planner Agent: +You are a Planner Agent. Given an input question, design a clear, step-by-step plan for how to solve the question. Question: +## {question} +Your outlined plan should be concise with a few bulletpoints for each step. Do not produce the final answer. Now output +your plan to solve the question below: +Prompt for Critic Agent: +You are a Critic Agent to evaluate the correctness of the input plan for the given question and provide helpful feedback +for improving the plan. Question: {question} +The plan information is provided in latent KV representation format. Review the plan and question and output: (1) +original plan contents (2) constructive feedback on the original plan. Format your response as follows: Original Plan: +[Copy the provided Planner Agent’s plan here] Feedback: [Your detailed feedback to improve the plan here] Now, output +your response below: +Prompt for Refiner Agent: +You are a Refiner Agent to provide a refined step-by-step plan for solving the given question. Question: {question} +You are provided with: (1) latent-format information: a previous plan with feedback (2) text-format information: the +input question you need to solve. Based on the input, write a refined and improved plan to solve the question. Make sure +your output plan is correct and concise. Now, output your refined plan below: +Prompt for Judger Agent: +You are a helpful assistant. You are provided with latent information for reference and a target question to solve. Target +## Question: {question} +The latent information might contain irrelevant contents. Ignore it if it is not helpful for solving the target question. Your +must reason step-by-step to solve the **provided Target Question** witout outputing other irrelevant inforamtion. You +must put all python code as self-contained Python function in markdown code blocks. For example +## ‘‘‘python +import math +def add(a, b): +return a + b‘‘‘. +Do not add any other contents inside the markdown code block. Now, reason step by step and output the final answer +inside ‘‘‘python YOUR_PYTHON_CODE‘‘‘: +## 31 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +Hierarchical LatentMAS prompts for numeric-answer tasks (GSM8K, AIME2024, AIME2025) +System prompt for All Agents: +You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant. +Prompt for Math Agent: +You are a math agent. Given the input question, reason step-by-step and put the final answer inside +\boxed{YOUR_FINAL_ANSWER}. Question: {question} +Your response: +Prompt for Science Agent: +You are a science agent. Given the input question, reason step-by-step and put the final answer inside +\boxed{YOUR_FINAL_ANSWER}. Question: {question} +Your response: +Prompt for Code Agent: +You are a code agent. Given the input question, reason step-by-step and put the final answer inside +\boxed{YOUR_FINAL_ANSWER}. Question: {question} +Your response: +Prompt for Task Summarizer Agent: +You are a task summarizer. Given the input question and responses from previous agents as reference, reason step-by-step +and put the final answer inside \boxed{YOUR_FINAL_ANSWER}. +## Question: {question} +Your response: +Hierarchical LatentMAS prompts for multiple-choice tasks (ARC-E, ARC-C, GPQA, MedQA) +System Prompt for All Agents: +You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant. +Prompt for Math Agent: +You are a math agent. Given the input question, reason step-by-step and put the final answer inside +\boxed{YOUR_FINAL_ANSWER}. Your final answer must be selected from A,B,C,D. For example \boxed{A}. Do +not add any other contents inside the box. Question: {question} +Your response: +Prompt for Science Agent: +You are a science agent. Given the input question, reason step-by-step and put the final answer inside +\boxed{YOUR_FINAL_ANSWER}. Your final answer must be selected from A,B,C,D. For example \boxed{A}. Do +not add any other contents inside the box. Question: {question} +Your response: +Prompt for Code Agent: +You are a code agent. Given the input question, reason step-by-step and put the final answer inside +\boxed{YOUR_FINAL_ANSWER}. Your final answer must be selected from A,B,C,D. For example \boxed{A}. Do +not add any other contents inside the box. Question: {question} +Your response: +Prompt for Task Summarizer Agent: +You are a task summarizer. Given the input question and responses from previous agents as reference, reason step-by-step +and put the final answer inside \boxed{YOUR_FINAL_ANSWER}. Your final answer must be selected from A,B,C,D. For +example \boxed{A}. Do not add any other contents inside the box. Question: {question} +Your response: +## 32 + +Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems +Hierarchical LatentMAS prompts for python coding tasks (MBPP-Plus, HumanEval-Plus) +System Prompt for All Agents: +You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant. +Prompt for Math Agent: +You are a math agent. Given the input question, reason step by step and provide an efficient and self-contained Python +function that solves the following problem in a markdown code block. You must put all python code as self-contained +Python function in markdown code blocks. For example +## ‘‘‘python +import math +def add(a, b): +return a + b‘‘‘. Do not add any other contents inside the markdown code block. +## Question: {question} +Your response: +Prompt for Science Agent: +You are a science agent. Given the input question, reason step by step and provide an efficient and self-contained Python +function that solves the following problem in a markdown code block. +You must put all python code as self-contained Python function in markdown code blocks. For example +## ‘‘‘python +import math +def add(a, b): +return a + b‘‘‘. Do not add any other contents inside the markdown code block. +## Question: {question} +Your response: +Prompt for Code Agent: +You are a code agent. Given the input question, reason step by step and provide an efficient and self-contained Python +function that solves the following problem in a markdown code block. +You must put all python code as self-contained Python function in markdown code blocks. For example +## ‘‘‘python +import math +def add(a, b): +return a + b‘‘‘. Do not add any other contents inside the markdown code block. +## Question: {question} +Your response: +Prompt for Task Summarizer Agent: +You are a task summarizer. Given the input question and responses from previous agents as reference, reason step by step +and provide an efficient and self-contained Python function that solves the following problem in a markdown code block. +You must put all python code as self-contained Python function in markdown code blocks. For example +## ‘‘‘python +import needed_library +def FUNC_NAME(a, b): +return a + b‘‘‘. Do not add any other contents inside the markdown code block. +## Input Question: {question} +Your response: +## 33 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/libucks/_cli.py b/libucks/_cli.py index aacbc3c..96f9f40 100644 --- a/libucks/_cli.py +++ b/libucks/_cli.py @@ -7,6 +7,55 @@ import click +# Load .env (cwd or any parent) before anything reads env vars like ANTHROPIC_API_KEY. +# Optional dep — falls back to relying on shell-exported env vars if missing. +try: + from dotenv import load_dotenv + load_dotenv() +except ImportError: + pass + + +def _load_lora_weights(strategy, bucket_dir: Path, device: str) -> None: + """Inject LoRA structure into the Base receiver and load saved delta weights. + + Also loads W_a and soft_mean from w_a.pt (saved during train-adapter) and + attaches them to strategy so decode() can mirror the training transform: + soft_prompt → subtract soft_mean → @ W_a → norm-rescale → frame → generate + + Safe to call even if lora_receiver.pt does not exist — it silently skips. + Must be called AFTER strategy._mgr.load_base_model(). + """ + lora_path = bucket_dir / "lora_receiver.pt" + if not lora_path.exists(): + click.echo(f"[libucks] lora_receiver.pt not found at {lora_path.resolve()}", err=True) + return + import datetime, os, torch + from libucks.thinking.training.lora_trainer import _inject_lora, _LORA_TARGETS + base_model = strategy._mgr.get_base_model() + _inject_lora(base_model, _LORA_TARGETS, r=16, alpha=16.0) + state = torch.load(lora_path, map_location=device, weights_only=True) + base_model.load_state_dict(state, strict=False) + click.echo( + f"[libucks] LoRA loaded: {lora_path.resolve()} " + f"(mtime={datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(os.path.getmtime(lora_path))})", + err=True, + ) + + w_a_path = bucket_dir / "w_a.pt" + if w_a_path.exists(): + wa_state = torch.load(w_a_path, map_location=device, weights_only=True) + strategy._W_a = wa_state["W_a"].to(device=device, dtype=torch.float32) + strategy._soft_mean = wa_state["soft_mean"].to(device=device, dtype=torch.float32) + click.echo( + f"[libucks] W_a loaded: {w_a_path.resolve()} " + f"(mtime={datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(os.path.getmtime(w_a_path))}, " + f"shape={tuple(strategy._W_a.shape)})", + err=True, + ) + else: + click.echo(f"[libucks] w_a.pt not found at {w_a_path.resolve()} — run train-adapter", err=True) + def _find_repo_root() -> Path: """Return the git repo root for cwd, or cwd itself if not in a repo.""" @@ -33,7 +82,14 @@ def cli(): @cli.command("init") @click.option("--local", "local_path", type=click.Path(exists=True, file_okay=False, path_type=Path), required=True, help="Path to a local repository to index.") -def init_cmd(local_path: Path): +@click.option("--train", "do_train", is_flag=True, default=False, + help="After indexing, train the CommunicationAdapter and LoRA receiver on the new buckets.") +@click.option("--no-teacher", "no_teacher", is_flag=True, default=False, + help="Self-supervised training — skip Anthropic teacher API calls. " + "Use when ANTHROPIC_API_KEY is unavailable.") +@click.option("--epochs", default=5, show_default=True, + help="Training epochs (only used when --train is passed).") +def init_cmd(local_path: Path, do_train: bool, no_teacher: bool, epochs: int): """Seed libucks buckets from a local repository.""" from libucks.config import Config from libucks.init_orchestrator import InitOrchestrator @@ -44,6 +100,49 @@ def init_cmd(local_path: Path): orchestrator = InitOrchestrator(local_path, strategy=strategy) asyncio.run(orchestrator.run()) + # Register this repo in the known-repos list for discoverability. + libucks_home = Path.home() / ".libucks" + libucks_home.mkdir(exist_ok=True) + known = libucks_home / "known_repos.txt" + resolved = str(local_path.resolve()) + existing = known.read_text().splitlines() if known.exists() else [] + if resolved not in existing: + with known.open("a") as f: + f.write(resolved + "\n") + + if do_train: + click.confirm( + f"Training the LoRA receiver can take significant time depending on your hardware. " + f"Proceed with {epochs} epoch(s)?", + abort=True, + ) + click.echo(f"[libucks] --train: starting adapter + LoRA receiver training ({epochs} epoch(s))...") + asyncio.run(_run_train_adapter( + local_path, + creative=False, + no_teacher=no_teacher, + train_receiver=True, + receiver_only=False, + epochs=epochs, + )) + + +@cli.command("use") +@click.argument("repo_path", type=click.Path(exists=True, file_okay=False, path_type=Path)) +def use_cmd(repo_path: Path): + """Set the active repository for the libucks MCP server. + + After running this command, reconnect the MCP server in Claude Code + (Settings → MCP → Reconnect) to apply the change. + """ + libucks_home = Path.home() / ".libucks" + libucks_home.mkdir(exist_ok=True) + active_repo_file = libucks_home / "active_repo" + resolved = repo_path.resolve() + active_repo_file.write_text(str(resolved)) + click.echo(f"Active repo → {resolved}") + click.echo("Reconnect the MCP server in Claude Code to apply.") + @cli.command("serve") def serve_cmd(): @@ -54,13 +153,45 @@ def serve_cmd(): @cli.command("install-hooks") @click.option("--repo", "repo_path", type=click.Path(exists=True, file_okay=False, path_type=Path), - default=None, help="Path to repository (defaults to git repo containing cwd).") -def install_hooks_cmd(repo_path: Path | None): - """Append libucks git hook triggers to .git/hooks/ (never overwrites).""" - from libucks.git_hook_receiver import install_hooks + default=None, help="Path libucks tracks (contains .libucks/). Defaults to cwd's git repo root.") +@click.option("--git-root", "git_root_path", type=click.Path(exists=True, file_okay=False, path_type=Path), + default=None, help="Override git root (where .git/ lives). Auto-detected when omitted.") +@click.option("--force", is_flag=True, default=False, + help="Remove any existing libucks hook lines and re-install fresh ones.") +def install_hooks_cmd(repo_path: Path | None, git_root_path: Path | None, force: bool): + """Append libucks git hook triggers to .git/hooks/ (never overwrites). + + The git root is auto-detected by walking up from --repo. Use --git-root to + override when a nested .git folder causes auto-detection to stop too early. + Hooks bake in LIBUCKS_REPO_PATH so the hook always finds the correct socket + even when --repo is a subdirectory of the git root. + Use --force to fix stale or mismatched hooks from a previous install. + """ + from libucks.git_hook_receiver import install_hooks, find_git_root - target = repo_path or _find_repo_root() - modified = install_hooks(target) + libucks_path = (repo_path or _find_repo_root()).resolve() + + if git_root_path is not None: + git_root = git_root_path.resolve() + else: + try: + git_root = find_git_root(libucks_path) + except RuntimeError as exc: + raise click.ClickException(str(exc)) + + import shutil as _shutil, sys as _sys + libucks_bin = ( + _shutil.which("libucks") + or str(Path(_sys.argv[0]).resolve()) + ) + + hooks_dir = git_root / ".git" / "hooks" + click.echo(f"Git root : {git_root}") + click.echo(f"Hooks dir : {hooks_dir}") + click.echo(f"Tracking : {libucks_path}") + click.echo(f"Binary : {libucks_bin}") + + modified, _ = install_hooks(libucks_path, git_root=git_root, force=force, libucks_bin=libucks_bin) if modified: click.echo(f"Installed hooks: {', '.join(modified)}") else: @@ -72,8 +203,67 @@ def install_hooks_cmd(repo_path: Path | None): default=None, help="Path to repository (defaults to git repo containing cwd).") @click.option("--creative", is_flag=True, default=False, help="Use contrastive training with multi-perspective triplets and hard negatives.") +@click.option("--no-teacher", "no_teacher", is_flag=True, default=False, + help="Self-supervised mode: skip Anthropic teacher calls and encode bucket " + "prose directly via the local model. Useful when no API credits are available.") +@click.option("--train-receiver", "train_receiver", is_flag=True, default=False, + help="Phase 2: after adapter training, fine-tune the Base receiver with " + "LoRA using L_task + L_sep (Interlat-Lite). Saves lora_receiver.pt.") +@click.option("--receiver-only", "receiver_only", is_flag=True, default=False, + help="Skip Phase 1 entirely. Load adapter.pt from disk and run only Phase 2 " + "LoRA receiver training. Requires a previously saved adapter.pt.") @click.option("--epochs", default=1, show_default=True, help="Number of training epochs.") -def train_adapter_cmd(repo_path: Path | None, creative: bool, epochs: int): +@click.option("--accum-steps", "accum_steps", default=1, show_default=True, + help="Gradient accumulation steps for LoRA receiver training. " + "Default=1: every sample triggers an optimizer step (max steps per epoch). " + "Increase only on large repos (>500 buckets) to reduce gradient variance.") +@click.option("--lr", "lora_lr", default=2e-4, show_default=True, + help="AdamW learning rate for LoRA receiver training. " + "2e-4 is standard for LoRA; 5e-5 is too small for <1000 optimizer steps.") +@click.option("--query-dropout-rate", "query_dropout_rate", default=0.5, show_default=True, + help="Fraction of training steps where the query token prefix is dropped (Q=0). " + "L_sep only fires on Q=0 steps, so this controls how much latent-grounding " + "signal the model gets. CLAUDE.md mandates 0.5 — values < 0.2 starve L_sep " + "and the latent collapses (the May-14 click weights were trained at 0.1 and " + "hallucinate). Range: 0.0–1.0.") +@click.option("--lora-r", "lora_r", default=16, show_default=True, + help="LoRA rank. Must match the rank used by mcp_bridge to load weights " + "(currently 16). Larger r = more LoRA capacity, slower training.") +@click.option("--lora-alpha", "lora_alpha", default=16.0, show_default=True, + help="LoRA scaling factor. Effective scale is alpha/r; equal alpha/r keeps " + "the initial perturbation small.") +@click.option("--qa-per-bucket", "qa_per_bucket", default=1, show_default=True, + help="Number of QA pairs to synthesize per bucket via the teacher. More pairs = " + "more training data per epoch (qa_per_bucket=3 with 43 click buckets = 129 " + "examples per epoch instead of 43). Use 3 as a starting point for the " + "post-fix retraining; 5 if 3 doesn't converge.") +@click.option("--sep-lambda", "sep_lambda", default=0.1, show_default=True, + help="Weight on L_sep (latent-grounding loss) in Phase 2. 0.1 is the historical " + "default that works on 0.5B-1.5B receivers; larger receivers have stronger " + "task priors that drown out the latent gradient at 0.1 -- bump to 0.3 or " + "higher for 3B+. Range: 0.0-10.0.") +@click.option("--hybrid-train", "hybrid_train", is_flag=True, default=False, + help="Phase B: train LoRA with verbatim source prepended to the input " + "frame during 50% of steps (matches inference-time hybrid retrieval). " + "Fixes the Q2-style decoder collapse seen when verbatim is added at " + "inference but LoRA was trained without it. Requires --train-receiver " + "or --receiver-only.") +def train_adapter_cmd( + repo_path: Path | None, + creative: bool, + no_teacher: bool, + train_receiver: bool, + receiver_only: bool, + epochs: int, + accum_steps: int, + lora_lr: float, + query_dropout_rate: float, + lora_r: int, + lora_alpha: float, + qa_per_bucket: int, + sep_lambda: float, + hybrid_train: bool, +): """Train the CommunicationAdapter to align Librarian latents with teacher targets. With --creative: generates multi-perspective triplets (Summary, Logic Flow, @@ -82,13 +272,46 @@ def train_adapter_cmd(repo_path: Path | None, creative: bool, epochs: int): Without --creative: uses basic MSE alignment between adapter output and teacher target latents. + With --no-teacher: self-supervised — encodes bucket prose directly via the + local model without calling the Anthropic teacher API. + + With --train-receiver: Phase 2 — fine-tunes the Base receiver with LoRA using + L_task - lambda*L_sep (Interlat-Lite). Requires --no-teacher or valid API key. + Saves lora_receiver.pt alongside adapter.pt. + Saves trained weights to /.libucks/adapter.pt. """ target = repo_path or _find_repo_root() - asyncio.run(_run_train_adapter(target, creative=creative, epochs=epochs)) - - -async def _run_train_adapter(repo_path: Path, creative: bool, epochs: int) -> None: + if not (0.0 <= query_dropout_rate <= 1.0): + raise click.ClickException( + f"--query-dropout-rate must be in [0.0, 1.0]; got {query_dropout_rate}" + ) + if qa_per_bucket < 1 or qa_per_bucket > 10: + raise click.ClickException( + f"--qa-per-bucket must be in [1, 10]; got {qa_per_bucket}" + ) + if not (0.0 <= sep_lambda <= 10.0): + raise click.ClickException( + f"--sep-lambda must be in [0.0, 10.0]; got {sep_lambda}" + ) + asyncio.run(_run_train_adapter( + target, creative=creative, no_teacher=no_teacher, + train_receiver=train_receiver, receiver_only=receiver_only, epochs=epochs, + accum_steps=accum_steps, lora_lr=lora_lr, + query_dropout_rate=query_dropout_rate, + lora_r=lora_r, lora_alpha=lora_alpha, + qa_per_bucket=qa_per_bucket, + sep_lambda=sep_lambda, + hybrid_train=hybrid_train, + )) + + +async def _run_train_adapter( + repo_path: Path, creative: bool, no_teacher: bool, train_receiver: bool, + receiver_only: bool = False, epochs: int = 1, accum_steps: int = 8, lora_lr: float = 1e-4, + query_dropout_rate: float = 0.5, lora_r: int = 16, lora_alpha: float = 16.0, + qa_per_bucket: int = 1, sep_lambda: float = 0.1, hybrid_train: bool = False, +) -> None: from libucks.config import Config from libucks.thinking import create_strategy from libucks.thinking.communication_adapter import CommunicationAdapter @@ -123,43 +346,914 @@ async def _run_train_adapter(repo_path: Path, creative: bool, epochs: int) -> No from transformers import AutoConfig as _AutoConfig _hidden_dim = _AutoConfig.from_pretrained(cfg.model.local_model).hidden_size - adapter = CommunicationAdapter(hidden_dim=_hidden_dim) + _base_dim = _AutoConfig.from_pretrained(cfg.model.base_model).hidden_size + adapter = CommunicationAdapter(hidden_dim=_hidden_dim, output_dim=_base_dim, + output_len=cfg.model.output_len) adapter.load_saved_weights(bucket_dir / "adapter.pt") - if creative: - click.echo(f"[libucks] Creative contrastive training on {len(bucket_ids)} buckets " - f"for {epochs} epoch(s)...") - await _train_creative(cfg, registry, store, bucket_ids, adapter, epochs, bucket_dir) + from libucks.thinking.model_manager import ModelManager as _MM + _training_device = _MM._resolve_device(cfg.model.device) + adapter = adapter.to(_training_device) + + if not receiver_only: + if no_teacher: + click.echo(f"[libucks] Self-supervised training (no teacher) on {len(bucket_ids)} buckets " + f"for {epochs} epoch(s)...") + await _train_no_teacher(cfg, store, bucket_ids, adapter, epochs, bucket_dir) + elif creative: + click.echo(f"[libucks] Creative contrastive training on {len(bucket_ids)} buckets " + f"for {epochs} epoch(s)...") + await _train_creative(cfg, registry, store, bucket_ids, adapter, epochs, bucket_dir) + else: + click.echo(f"[libucks] Basic MSE training on {len(bucket_ids)} buckets " + f"for {epochs} epoch(s)...") + await _train_basic(cfg, registry, store, bucket_ids, adapter, epochs, bucket_dir) else: - click.echo(f"[libucks] Basic MSE training on {len(bucket_ids)} buckets " + click.echo("[libucks] --receiver-only: skipping Phase 1, using adapter.pt from disk", err=True) + + if train_receiver or receiver_only: + click.echo(f"\n[libucks] Phase 2: LoRA receiver training on {len(bucket_ids)} buckets " f"for {epochs} epoch(s)...") - await _train_basic(cfg, registry, store, bucket_ids, adapter, epochs, bucket_dir) + await _train_lora_receiver(cfg, store, bucket_ids, adapter, epochs, bucket_dir, + no_teacher=no_teacher, registry=registry, + accum_steps=accum_steps, lora_lr=lora_lr, + query_dropout_rate=query_dropout_rate, + lora_r=lora_r, lora_alpha=lora_alpha, + qa_per_bucket=qa_per_bucket, + sep_lambda=sep_lambda, + hybrid_train=hybrid_train) + + +async def _train_no_teacher(cfg, store, bucket_ids, adapter, epochs, bucket_dir): + """Self-supervised mode: encode bucket prose directly — no Anthropic teacher API needed. + + Loss: L_align (cosine toward own hidden-state mean) + L_spread (margin repulsion + against recent buckets' outputs via a rolling queue). L_spread is the critical + addition — without it the adapter converges to a single mean embedding for all + buckets, making the LoRA receiver unable to distinguish any latent from any other. + """ + import torch + import torch.nn.functional as F + from torch.optim import AdamW + from libucks.thinking import create_strategy + from libucks.thinking.training.data_generator import PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS + + latent_strategy = create_strategy(cfg) + optimizer = AdamW(adapter.parameters(), lr=1e-4) + _device = next(adapter.parameters()).device + _SPREAD_MARGIN = 0.5 # target minimum L2 distance between any two bucket outputs + _SPREAD_LAMBDA = 1.0 # weight on L_spread relative to L_align + _NEG_QUEUE_SIZE = 16 # rolling buffer of recent outputs used as negatives + + all_losses: list[float] = [] + + for epoch in range(epochs): + epoch_loss = 0.0 + neg_queue: list[torch.Tensor] = [] # detached normalized outputs, newest last + + for i, bucket_id in enumerate(bucket_ids, 1): + try: + _, prose = store.read(bucket_id) + + # Encode prose from three perspectives (no API call needed) + latents: list[torch.Tensor] = [] + for prompt in PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS: + hidden = await latent_strategy.reason(prompt, prose) + latents.append(hidden.clone().detach().to(_device, torch.float32)) + + # Self-supervised target: first perspective projected to adapter output space. + with torch.no_grad(): + t_raw = latents[0].mean(dim=0) # (instruct_dim,) + if adapter.output_proj is not None: + t_raw = adapter.output_proj(t_raw) # (base_dim,) + target = F.normalize(t_raw, dim=0) + + optimizer.zero_grad() + output = adapter(latents) # (K, base_dim) + anchor = F.normalize(output.mean(dim=0), dim=0) + loss = 1.0 - torch.dot(anchor, target) # L_align + + # L_spread: margin repulsion against recent buckets in queue. + # Forces the adapter to produce distinct outputs per bucket. + if neg_queue: + negs = torch.stack(neg_queue) # (N, base_dim) + # Pairwise L2 distances between anchor and each negative + dists = (anchor.unsqueeze(0) - negs).norm(dim=1) # (N,) + spread_loss = F.relu(_SPREAD_MARGIN - dists).mean() + loss = loss + _SPREAD_LAMBDA * spread_loss + + loss.backward() + optimizer.step() + + # Push normalized output to queue (detached — no grad). + neg_queue.append(anchor.detach()) + if len(neg_queue) > _NEG_QUEUE_SIZE: + neg_queue.pop(0) + + val = loss.item() + epoch_loss += val + all_losses.append(val) + click.echo(f" Epoch {epoch+1} [{i}/{len(bucket_ids)}] bucket={bucket_id} loss={val:.4f}") + except Exception as exc: + click.echo(f" Skipped {bucket_id}: {exc}", err=True) + + torch.save(adapter.state_dict(), bucket_dir / "adapter.pt") + + if all_losses: + first5 = all_losses[:min(5, len(all_losses))] + last5 = all_losses[-min(5, len(all_losses)):] + click.echo( + f"Self-supervised training complete. " + f"Loss: {sum(first5)/len(first5):.4f} → {sum(last5)/len(last5):.4f}. " + f"Saved to {bucket_dir / 'adapter.pt'}" + ) + else: + click.echo("No samples trained.", err=True) + + +async def _train_lora_receiver(cfg, store, bucket_ids, adapter, epochs, bucket_dir, + no_teacher: bool = False, registry=None, accum_steps: int = 8, + lora_lr: float = 1e-4, query_dropout_rate: float = 0.5, + lora_r: int = 16, lora_alpha: float = 16.0, + qa_per_bucket: int = 1, sep_lambda: float = 0.1, + hybrid_train: bool = False): + """Phase 2 (Interlat-Lite): fine-tune the Base receiver with LoRA. + + Loss: L_total = L_task - λ_sep * L_sep + λ_align * L_align (λ_sep=0.1, λ_align=0.05) + + For each bucket: + 1. Encode prose via reason() → soft-prompt via adapter. + 2. Sample curriculum rate r ~ U[0,1]; mix soft-prompt with plan token embeds. + 3. Frame with / boundary embeddings. + 4. Build wrong-path embeddings from a different bucket (for L_sep). + 5. Run LoRAReceiverTrainer.train_step(). + + When no_teacher=False (default), calls the Anthropic teacher once per bucket + during pre-compute to generate a natural-language description of the bucket's + source code. The LoRA receiver is then trained to decode latents into this + English text rather than raw source code — producing conversational output. + + When no_teacher=True, falls back to _collect_source_text (code reconstruction). + + Saves LoRA delta weights (only lora_A / lora_B keys) to lora_receiver.pt. + """ + import random + import torch + from libucks.thinking import create_strategy + from libucks.thinking.curriculum import CurriculumMixer + from libucks.thinking.training.data_generator import PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS + from libucks.thinking.training.lora_trainer import LoRAReceiverTrainer, _inject_lora, _LORA_TARGETS + + latent_strategy = create_strategy(cfg) + + # Load the Base receiver model (separate from the Instruct encoder) + click.echo("[libucks] loading Base receiver model...", err=True) + latent_strategy._mgr.load_base_model( + model_id=cfg.model.base_model, + quantization=cfg.model.quantization, + bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=cfg.model.bnb_4bit_compute_dtype, + device=cfg.model.device, + base_model_dtype=cfg.model.base_model_dtype, + ) + click.echo("[libucks] Base receiver model ready", err=True) + + base_model = latent_strategy._mgr.get_base_model() + base_tok = latent_strategy._mgr.get_base_tokenizer() + embedding = base_model.model.embed_tokens + device = next(base_model.parameters()).device + model_dtype = embedding.weight.dtype # float16 on MPS, float32 on CPU + # Adapter was saved/loaded as float32. Cast to model_dtype so its internal + # MHA biases don't collide with float16 latents on MPS. LoRA params stay + # float32 (handled by LoRALinear.forward's .to(x.dtype)) — don't touch those. + adapter = adapter.to(device=device, dtype=model_dtype) + K = adapter.output_len # 32 + + # Build / boundary embeddings and assistant turn-start. + # The assistant cue must be present in training to match decode() at inference: + # decode() appends "<|im_start|>assistant\n" before generate() so the Instruct + # model knows to produce a structured answer rather than a continuation fragment. + bop_id = base_tok.convert_tokens_to_ids("<|im_start|>") + eop_id = base_tok.convert_tokens_to_ids("<|im_end|>") + with torch.no_grad(): + bop_embed = embedding(torch.tensor([bop_id], device=device)).squeeze(0).detach().to(model_dtype) + eop_embed = embedding(torch.tensor([eop_id], device=device)).squeeze(0).detach().to(model_dtype) + _asst_ids = base_tok( + "<|im_start|>assistant\n", return_tensors="pt", add_special_tokens=False, + )["input_ids"].squeeze(0).to(device) + asst_embed = embedding(_asst_ids).detach().to(model_dtype) # (A, D) + + # Pre-encode all buckets so we don't call the model twice per step. + # The latent encoding always uses the raw source text as the context + # for reason() — that's the semantic content being compressed. + # The CE training TARGET is either a teacher-generated English description + # (default) or the raw source text (--no-teacher fallback). + from libucks.thinking.training.data_generator import _collect_source_text + + # Instantiate the Anthropic teacher client once (reads ANTHROPIC_API_KEY + # from the environment, same as the rest of the codebase). + # Hard-fail upfront when key is missing rather than silently falling back to + # source-code targets — the SDK's "no api_key" error is not AuthenticationError + # so it slipped through the per-call except handler and produced 159 silent + # fallback rows in qa_cache.json before this guard was added. + teacher_client = None + if not no_teacher: + import os as _os + if not _os.environ.get("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"): + raise click.ClickException( + "ANTHROPIC_API_KEY not set. Either:\n" + " • create .env in the project root with ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=sk-ant-...\n" + " • or export ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=sk-ant-... in your shell\n" + " • or pass --no-teacher to train on raw source text (lower quality)." + ) + try: + import anthropic as _anthropic + teacher_client = _anthropic.AsyncAnthropic() + click.echo("[libucks] Anthropic teacher client ready for target generation", err=True) + except ImportError: + click.echo( + "[libucks] Warning: anthropic package not found — falling back to source-code targets", + err=True, + ) + + # Q&A prompt: the teacher generates N question/answer pairs so the LoRA + # receiver learns to answer varied questions about the same bucket. + # The question becomes the query conditioning prefix; the answer is the CE target. + def _build_qa_prompt(n_pairs: int) -> str: + if n_pairs <= 1: + count_word = "ONE question" + pair_word = "pair" + else: + count_word = f"{n_pairs} distinct questions" + pair_word = "pairs" + return ( + f"Given this source code, write {count_word} whose answers require specific " + "facts from the code (function/class names, parameter signatures, constant " + "values, return types, control flow). Each question must be ANSWERABLE only " + "by reading this specific code — not by generic knowledge of the topic. " + f"Make the {pair_word} cover different aspects of the code (different " + "functions, branches, or invariants) — do not paraphrase the same question.\n\n" + "Then write a concise 2-3 sentence plain English answer for each that " + "explicitly names the relevant identifiers from the code.\n\n" + "BAD example (too generic — answer comes from priors, not the code):\n" + "QUESTION 1: How does this module handle errors?\n" + "ANSWER 1: It catches exceptions and returns an error response.\n\n" + "GOOD example (answer requires the code):\n" + "QUESTION 1: What does load_config() return when the YAML file is missing?\n" + "ANSWER 1: It returns the default Config() instance built from DEFAULT_SETTINGS, " + "and logs a warning via logger.warning() rather than raising.\n\n" + f"Format EXACTLY (numbered 1..{n_pairs}):\n" + "QUESTION 1: \nANSWER 1: \n" + + ("QUESTION 2: \nANSWER 2: \n..." if n_pairs > 1 else "") + ) + + _TEACHER_QA_PROMPT = _build_qa_prompt(qa_per_bucket) + + def _parse_qa_pairs(text: str, n_expected: int, fallback_q: str, fallback_a: str): + """Parse up to n_expected QUESTION i:/ANSWER i: pairs. Returns list of (q, a). + + Tolerant: missing numbers, single-pair format (QUESTION:/ANSWER:), or + partial responses all fall back gracefully so a teacher call that + returned only 2 of 3 pairs still yields 2 usable pairs. + """ + import re + # Look for "QUESTION [optional number]:" markers; capture answer up to + # the next QUESTION marker or end-of-text. + pattern = re.compile( + r"QUESTION\s*(\d*)\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*ANSWER\s*\d*\s*:\s*(.+?)(?=\n\s*QUESTION\s*\d*\s*:|\Z)", + re.DOTALL | re.IGNORECASE, + ) + pairs: list[tuple[str, str]] = [] + for m in pattern.finditer(text): + q = m.group(2).strip() + a = m.group(3).strip() + if q and a: + pairs.append((q, a)) + if len(pairs) >= n_expected: + break + if not pairs: + # Total parse failure — fall back to single placeholder pair. + return [(fallback_q, fallback_a)] + return pairs + + # ── Phase 1: parallel teacher API calls (I/O-bound, up to 5 concurrent) ── + # Cache schema (v2): {bucket_id: {"pairs": [[q, target], ...], "source": str}} + # Backward compat: legacy entries `[q, target, source]` are wrapped as + # a single-pair entry on load. + _qa_cache_path = bucket_dir / "qa_cache.json" + _qa_cache: dict[str, dict] = {} + + if _qa_cache_path.exists(): + try: + raw_cache = json.loads(_qa_cache_path.read_text()) + for k, v in raw_cache.items(): + if isinstance(v, list) and len(v) == 3 and all(isinstance(x, str) for x in v): + # Legacy 3-tuple: (question, target, source) + _qa_cache[k] = {"pairs": [[v[0], v[1]]], "source": v[2]} + elif isinstance(v, dict) and "pairs" in v: + _qa_cache[k] = { + "pairs": [list(p) for p in v["pairs"]], + "source": v.get("source", ""), + } + else: + click.echo(f"[libucks] Skipping malformed cache entry {k!r}", err=True) + click.echo( + f"[libucks] Loaded {len(_qa_cache)} bucket Q&A entries from cache " + f"({sum(len(e['pairs']) for e in _qa_cache.values())} total pairs)", + err=True, + ) + except Exception as _e: + click.echo(f"[libucks] Cache load failed ({_e}), re-fetching", err=True) + _qa_cache = {} + + # A bucket is "uncached" if it's missing OR has fewer pairs than requested. + uncached = [ + bid for bid in bucket_ids + if bid not in _qa_cache or len(_qa_cache[bid]["pairs"]) < qa_per_bucket + ] + click.echo( + f"[libucks] Phase 1: {len(_qa_cache)} cached, {len(uncached)} to fetch " + f"(target {qa_per_bucket} pair(s)/bucket)...", + err=True, + ) + + if teacher_client is not None and uncached: + _sem = asyncio.Semaphore(1) + + async def _fetch_qa(bucket_id: str) -> tuple[str, list[tuple[str, str]], str | None]: + front_matter, prose = store.read(bucket_id) + source_text = _collect_source_text(front_matter, max_chars=1024) or prose or front_matter.domain_label + fallback_q = PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS[0] + fallback_a = source_text or "" + pairs: list[tuple[str, str]] = [(fallback_q, fallback_a)] + if source_text: + try: + async with _sem: + # Token budget scales roughly with pair count; ~200 tokens/pair. + max_toks = max(256, 200 * qa_per_bucket) + resp = await teacher_client.messages.create( + model=cfg.model.anthropic_model, + max_tokens=max_toks, + messages=[{"role": "user", "content": f"{_TEACHER_QA_PROMPT}\n\n{source_text}"}], + ) + await asyncio.sleep(1.2) # stay under 50 RPM limit + raw = resp.content[0].text.strip() + pairs = _parse_qa_pairs(raw, qa_per_bucket, fallback_q, fallback_a) + click.echo( + f" Q&A {bucket_id}: {len(pairs)} pair(s) " + f"Q1={pairs[0][0][:50]} | A1={pairs[0][1][:50]}...", + err=True, + ) + except (_anthropic.AuthenticationError, + _anthropic.APIConnectionError, + _anthropic.RateLimitError) as fatal_exc: + raise click.ClickException( + f"Anthropic API fatal error during LoRA receiver training — " + f"check ANTHROPIC_API_KEY and credit balance: {fatal_exc}" + ) from fatal_exc + except Exception as transient_exc: + click.echo( + f" Teacher call failed for {bucket_id}: {transient_exc} — using source text", + err=True, + ) + return bucket_id, pairs, source_text + + qa_results = await asyncio.gather(*[_fetch_qa(bid) for bid in uncached], + return_exceptions=True) + for item in qa_results: + if isinstance(item, click.ClickException): + raise item + if isinstance(item, Exception): + click.echo(f" Skipped bucket (API error): {item}", err=True) + continue + bid, pairs, src = item + _qa_cache[bid] = {"pairs": [list(p) for p in pairs], "source": src or ""} + + # Persist cache so re-runs skip API calls entirely. + try: + _qa_cache_path.write_text(json.dumps(_qa_cache, indent=2)) + click.echo(f"[libucks] Q&A cache saved to {_qa_cache_path}", err=True) + except Exception as _e: + click.echo(f"[libucks] Warning: could not save Q&A cache: {_e}", err=True) + + elif uncached: + # no_teacher path — fill uncached with source text fallbacks + for bucket_id in uncached: + front_matter, prose = store.read(bucket_id) + src = _collect_source_text(front_matter, max_chars=1024) or prose or front_matter.domain_label + _qa_cache[bucket_id] = { + "pairs": [[PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS[0], src]], + "source": src or "", + } + + click.echo(f"[libucks] Phase 1 done — {len(_qa_cache)} Q&A pairs collected", err=True) + + # ── Phase 2: sequential GPU encoding (serialized by _device_lock on MPS) ── + # Encoding is per-bucket (latent only depends on source); training units + # are per-(bucket, pair) so qa_per_bucket > 1 multiplies steps per epoch. + click.echo("[libucks] Phase 2: encoding latents sequentially...", err=True) + bucket_soft: dict[str, torch.Tensor] = {} + bucket_pairs: dict[str, list[tuple[str, str]]] = {} # bid → [(question, target), ...] + + for bucket_id in bucket_ids: + if bucket_id not in _qa_cache: + continue + entry = _qa_cache[bucket_id] + source_text = entry["source"] + pairs_raw = entry["pairs"] + pairs = [(p[0], p[1]) for p in pairs_raw] + try: + hidden = await latent_strategy.reason(PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS[0], source_text) + with torch.no_grad(): + soft = adapter([hidden.clone().detach().to(device, model_dtype)]) + bucket_soft[bucket_id] = soft.detach() + bucket_pairs[bucket_id] = pairs + click.echo( + f" encoded {bucket_id} → soft-prompt {tuple(soft.shape)} " + f"({len(pairs)} QA pair(s))", + err=True, + ) + if str(device).startswith("mps"): + torch.mps.empty_cache() + except click.ClickException: + raise + except Exception as exc: + click.echo(f" Skipped encoding {bucket_id}: {exc}", err=True) + + if not bucket_soft: + click.echo("No buckets encoded — aborting LoRA training.", err=True) + return + + encoded_ids = list(bucket_soft.keys()) + + # Pre-flight data quality check — drop degenerate pairs per bucket. A bucket + # survives if at least one of its pairs has a non-degenerate target. + def _is_usable(target: str) -> bool: + return not target.startswith("# /") and " " in target.strip() + + for bid in list(bucket_pairs.keys()): + bucket_pairs[bid] = [(q, t) for (q, t) in bucket_pairs[bid] if _is_usable(t)] + if not bucket_pairs[bid]: + del bucket_pairs[bid] + + encoded_ids = [bid for bid in encoded_ids if bid in bucket_pairs] + if not encoded_ids: + raise click.ClickException( + "All buckets have degenerate targets. Cannot train. " + "Delete .libucks/qa_cache.json and re-run without --no-teacher." + ) + + # Build flat list of training units: each (bucket_id, question, target_text) + # is one optimizer step. _total_opt_steps reflects unit count, not bucket count. + _training_units: list[tuple[str, str, str]] = [ + (bid, q, t) for bid in encoded_ids for (q, t) in bucket_pairs[bid] + ] + click.echo( + f"[libucks] {len(encoded_ids)} usable buckets × pairs = " + f"{len(_training_units)} training units per epoch", + err=True, + ) + + # Initialise LoRA receiver trainer now that unit count is final. + # Warmup: 5% of total steps (floor 5). 20% was too long — wasted the first epoch + # at near-zero lr when we need every step to count on small datasets. + _total_opt_steps = max(1, (epochs * len(_training_units)) // accum_steps) + _warmup_steps = max(5, _total_opt_steps // 20) + trainer = LoRAReceiverTrainer( + base_model, lora_r=lora_r, lora_alpha=lora_alpha, lr=lora_lr, + warmup_steps=_warmup_steps, total_steps=_total_opt_steps, + sep_lambda=sep_lambda, + ) + click.echo( + f"[libucks] LoRA trainer ready lora_r={lora_r} lora_alpha={lora_alpha} " + f"query_dropout_rate={query_dropout_rate} sep_lambda={sep_lambda}", + err=True, + ) + + # Compute W_a alignment matrix once (LatentMAS §A.1, ridge regression). + # Maps hidden-state-space vectors h → input-embedding-space: e = h @ W_a. + # W_a = (W_out^T W_out + λI)^{-1} W_out^T W_in + # LoRA only touches q_proj/v_proj, so embed_tokens and lm_head are frozen + # throughout training — W_a remains valid for all steps and inference. + with torch.no_grad(): + _W_in = base_model.model.embed_tokens.weight.float() # (V, D) + _W_out = base_model.lm_head.weight.float() # (V, D) + _lam = 1e-3 + _WtW = _W_out.T @ _W_out # (D, D) + _WtW.diagonal().add_(_lam) + W_a = torch.linalg.solve(_WtW, _W_out.T @ _W_in) # (D, D) + W_a = W_a.to(device=device, dtype=torch.float32) + del _W_in, _W_out, _WtW + click.echo( + f"[libucks] W_a alignment matrix computed " + f"shape={tuple(W_a.shape)} " + f"||W_a||_F={W_a.norm().item():.3f}", + err=True, + ) + + # ── Per-slot norm rescale only (no centering) ─────────────────────── # + # The legacy code subtracted a per-slot population mean before normalizing, + # which we measured to actively re-collapse the (now diverse, post-residual- + # fix) adapter output. With diverse adapter slots, soft_mean[k] is similar + # to adapter_output[k] for "average" buckets, and the residuals after + # subtraction become tiny noise that's correlated across slots — slot cos + # jumps from ~0.50 (raw adapter) → ~0.97 (post-centering). Removing + # centering keeps the adapter's diversity intact. + # We still rescale each slot to embed_norm so soft-prompt magnitudes match + # what attention is calibrated for. + with torch.no_grad(): + _all_softs = torch.stack([bucket_soft[bid].float() for bid in encoded_ids]) + _target_norm = embedding.weight.data.float().norm(dim=-1).median() + _pre_norm = _all_softs.norm(dim=-1).mean().item() + for bid in encoded_ids: + _sp = bucket_soft[bid].float() + _sp_n = _sp.norm(dim=-1, keepdim=True).clamp(min=1e-8) + bucket_soft[bid] = (_sp / _sp_n * _target_norm).to(model_dtype) + _post_norm = torch.stack([bucket_soft[bid].float() for bid in encoded_ids]).norm(dim=-1).mean().item() + # Set _soft_mean to zeros for backward-compatible w_a.pt schema; older + # decode() paths that still subtract it become no-ops. + _soft_mean = torch.zeros_like(_all_softs[0]) + click.echo( + f"[libucks] Soft-prompts rescaled (no centering) " + f"pre_norm={_pre_norm:.2f} post_norm={_post_norm:.4f} target_norm={_target_norm:.4f}", + err=True, + ) + # Persist alignment artefacts so inference can mirror the training transform. + # decode() applies: center (subtract soft_mean) → W_a project → norm-rescale. + torch.save({"W_a": W_a.cpu(), "soft_mean": _soft_mean.cpu()}, + bucket_dir / "w_a.pt") + click.echo("[libucks] W_a + soft_mean saved to w_a.pt", err=True) + + # ── Soft-prompt diversity diagnostic ──────────────────────────────── # + if len(encoded_ids) >= 2: + import random as _rng + _diag_pairs = min(20, len(encoded_ids) * (len(encoded_ids) - 1) // 2) + _ids = list(encoded_ids) + _l2_vals, _jsd_vals, _raw_l2_vals, _raw_norms = [], [], [], [] + base_model.eval() + with torch.no_grad(): + for _ in range(_diag_pairs): + _a, _b = _rng.sample(_ids, 2) + _raw_a = bucket_soft[_a].to(device, dtype=torch.float32) + _raw_b = bucket_soft[_b].to(device, dtype=torch.float32) + _raw_l2_vals.append((_raw_a - _raw_b).norm(dim=-1).mean().item()) + _raw_norms.append(_raw_a.norm(dim=-1).mean().item()) + _spa = (_raw_a @ W_a).to(model_dtype) + _spb = (_raw_b @ W_a).to(model_dtype) + _l2 = (_spa - _spb).norm(dim=-1).mean().item() + _l2_vals.append(_l2) + _bop = base_model.model.embed_tokens( + torch.tensor([base_tok.convert_tokens_to_ids("") if "" in base_tok.get_vocab() else 1], device=device) + ).squeeze(0).to(model_dtype) + _eop = base_model.model.embed_tokens( + torch.tensor([base_tok.convert_tokens_to_ids("") if "" in base_tok.get_vocab() else 2], device=device) + ).squeeze(0).to(model_dtype) + _emb_a = torch.cat([_bop.unsqueeze(0), _spa, _eop.unsqueeze(0)]) + _emb_b = torch.cat([_bop.unsqueeze(0), _spb, _eop.unsqueeze(0)]) + _la = base_model(inputs_embeds=_emb_a.unsqueeze(0), use_cache=False).logits.squeeze(0)[-1].float() + _lb = base_model(inputs_embeds=_emb_b.unsqueeze(0), use_cache=False).logits.squeeze(0)[-1].float() + import torch.nn.functional as _F + _pa = _F.softmax(_la, dim=-1); _pb = _F.softmax(_lb, dim=-1) + _m = 0.5 * (_pa + _pb) + _eps = 1e-8 + _jsd = 0.5 * (_pa * (_pa.clamp(_eps).log() - _m.clamp(_eps).log())).sum() + \ + 0.5 * (_pb * (_pb.clamp(_eps).log() - _m.clamp(_eps).log())).sum() + _jsd_vals.append(_jsd.item()) + base_model.train() + click.echo( + f"[libucks] Soft-prompt diversity " + f"raw_L2={sum(_raw_l2_vals)/len(_raw_l2_vals):.4f} " + f"raw_norm={sum(_raw_norms)/len(_raw_norms):.4f} " + f"aligned_L2={sum(_l2_vals)/len(_l2_vals):.4f} " + f"mean_JSD(base)={sum(_jsd_vals)/len(_jsd_vals):.6f} " + f"(n_pairs={_diag_pairs})", + err=True, + ) + + # ── Phase B: hybrid-train verbatim cache ──────────────────────────────── + # When --hybrid-train is set, precompute per-bucket verbatim source token + # ids once. At each training step, with p=0.5 the verbatim is prepended to + # BOTH the correct and wrong inputs_embeds frames so the LoRA learns to + # share attention between the soft prompt and a real text prefix — fixing + # the Q2-style decoder collapse seen at inference when hybrid retrieval + # injects verbatim into a LoRA that has never seen it. + # Per-bucket char budget 1000 ≈ 250 tokens, matching inference where + # 3000 chars / top-k=3 buckets ≈ 1000 chars per bucket. + bucket_verbatim_ids: dict[str, "torch.Tensor"] = {} + if hybrid_train: + from libucks.thinking.training.data_generator import _collect_source_text as _cst + click.echo("[libucks] hybrid-train: pre-tokenising verbatim source for each bucket...", err=True) + for _bid in bucket_ids: + try: + _fm, _ = store.read(_bid) + _text = _cst(_fm, max_chars=1000) + except Exception: + _text = "" + if _text: + _enc = base_tok(_text, return_tensors="pt", truncation=True, + max_length=256, add_special_tokens=False) + _ids = _enc["input_ids"].squeeze(0).long().to(device) + if _ids.shape[0] > 0: + bucket_verbatim_ids[_bid] = _ids + click.echo( + f"[libucks] hybrid-train: cached verbatim for " + f"{len(bucket_verbatim_ids)}/{len(bucket_ids)} buckets", + err=True, + ) + + all_task: list[float] = [] + all_sep: list[float] = [] + all_task_q0: list[float] = [] # task loss on query-dropped steps (latent-only) + all_task_q1: list[float] = [] # task loss on query-present steps + + # Best-checkpoint tracking: sep can dip in late epochs from margin + # saturation + lr decay. We want the highest-sep weights, not the final + # ones, since the final weights aren't always best for downstream decoding. + _best_mean_sep: float = -float("inf") + _best_lora_state: dict | None = None + _best_epoch: int = -1 + + for epoch in range(epochs): + _epoch_task_q0: list[float] = [] + _epoch_sep_q0: list[float] = [] + _epoch_task_q1: list[float] = [] + # Shuffle units each epoch so the same bucket's pairs don't cluster + # adjacent in the optimizer trajectory. + _epoch_units = list(_training_units) + random.shuffle(_epoch_units) + for i, (bucket_id, unit_question, target_text) in enumerate(_epoch_units, 1): + try: + soft_prompt = bucket_soft[bucket_id] # (K, D) + + # Skip degenerate targets defensively: the pre-flight filter + # already dropped these, but a fresh teacher run on a tiny + # bucket can still slip a one-word "answer" through. + if target_text.startswith("# /") or " " not in target_text.strip(): + continue + + # Tokenise source text → target_ids, truncated to 64 tokens + enc = base_tok(target_text, return_tensors="pt", truncation=True, max_length=64) + target_ids = enc["input_ids"].squeeze(0).long().to(device) # (T,) + if target_ids.shape[0] == 0: + click.echo(f" Skipped {bucket_id}: target_text tokenised to 0 tokens " + f"(empty target_text = {repr(target_text[:40])})", err=True) + continue + + # Plan token embeddings: K tokens (truncate or pad with the last token) + plan_ids = target_ids[:K] + if plan_ids.shape[0] < K: + pad_val = plan_ids[-1] if plan_ids.shape[0] > 0 else torch.tensor(0, dtype=torch.long) + pad = pad_val.expand(K - plan_ids.shape[0]) + plan_ids = torch.cat([plan_ids, pad]) + with torch.no_grad(): + tok_embeds = embedding(plan_ids) # (K, D) + + # Align soft_prompt from hidden-state space → input-embedding space + # via W_a (LatentMAS §3.1). This is the correct replacement for the + # previous per-token norm scaling, which only fixed scale but left the + # directional distribution OOD. W_a is the closed-form linear map that + # minimises the Wasserstein distance between the two distributions. + with torch.no_grad(): + sp = soft_prompt.to(device, dtype=torch.float32) + sp_scaled = (sp @ W_a).to(model_dtype) # (K, D) + + # Query dropout decided BEFORE curriculum mixing so r can be + # conditioned on whether the query is present. The dropout rate + # is the probability of Q=0 (query dropped); L_sep only fires on + # Q=0 steps, so higher dropout = more latent-grounding signal. + # CLAUDE.md mandates 0.5; the May-14 weights at 0.1 starved L_sep. + use_query = (random.random() >= query_dropout_rate) + question = unit_question or PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS[0] + if use_query: + q_enc = base_tok(question, return_tensors="pt", truncation=True, max_length=32) + query_ids = q_enc["input_ids"].squeeze(0).long().to(device) # (Q,) + with torch.no_grad(): + query_embeds = embedding(query_ids).to(model_dtype) # (Q, D) + Q = query_ids.shape[0] + else: + query_embeds = torch.zeros(0, embedding.weight.shape[1], + device=device, dtype=model_dtype) + Q = 0 + + # Curriculum mixing. + # r=0 always: inference always uses pure latents (r=0 in decode()), + # so training must match. Random r was causing a distribution mismatch — + # the model trained on 50%-token-embedded inputs but decoded with 100% + # latent inputs. Per Interlat §3.2, the curriculum helps stability but + # the inference distribution is pure-latent; we favour correctness here. + r = 0.0 + mixed = CurriculumMixer.mix( + sp_scaled, + tok_embeds.to(model_dtype), + r, + ) # (K, D) + + # Q=0: clip target to T=16. + # T=3 was too sparse for the model to learn coherent generation — + # with same-scale geometry (0.5B enc/dec) the model CAN exploit + # the full latent signal, so we give it 16 tokens to train on. + # T=16 still fits within the 64-token max_length cap on target_text. + # plan_ids was already computed from full target_ids above. + if Q == 0: + target_ids = target_ids[:16] + + # Frame: [bop, mixed (K), eop, query_toks (Q or 0), answer_toks (T)] + with torch.no_grad(): + tgt_embeds = embedding(target_ids).to(model_dtype) # (T, D) + A = asst_embed.shape[0] # number of assistant-cue tokens (typically 3) + + # ── Phase B: prepend verbatim with p=0.5 ───────────────── + # When hybrid_train is on and this bucket has cached verbatim, + # prepend its embeddings to BOTH correct and wrong frames so the + # LoRA learns to attend across [verbatim, soft_prompt, query]. + # Same verbatim used in both paths — the L_sep signal still + # measures soft-prompt distinguishability holding context fixed. + v_embeds = None + V = 0 + if hybrid_train and bucket_id in bucket_verbatim_ids and random.random() < 0.5: + v_ids = bucket_verbatim_ids[bucket_id] + with torch.no_grad(): + v_embeds = embedding(v_ids).to(model_dtype) + V = v_embeds.shape[0] + + parts: list = [] + if v_embeds is not None: + parts.append(v_embeds) + parts.extend([bop_embed.unsqueeze(0), mixed, eop_embed.unsqueeze(0)]) + if Q > 0: + parts.append(query_embeds) + parts.append(asst_embed) # <|im_start|>assistant\n — matches decode() + parts.append(tgt_embeds) + inputs_embeds = torch.cat(parts) # (V+K+2+Q+A+T, D) + + wrong_id = random.choice([bid for bid in encoded_ids if bid != bucket_id]) + wrong_sp = bucket_soft[wrong_id].to(device, dtype=torch.float32) + wrong_sp_scaled = (wrong_sp @ W_a).to(model_dtype) + # Wrong path always uses r=0 (pure latents) so ALL K positions + # differ from the correct path. When r is shared, high values + # (e.g. 0.85) make 27/32 positions identical token embeddings — + # the model can't distinguish correct from wrong at position 0. + wrong_mixed = CurriculumMixer.mix( + wrong_sp_scaled, + tok_embeds.to(model_dtype), + 0.0, + ) + wrong_parts: list = [] + if v_embeds is not None: + wrong_parts.append(v_embeds) # same verbatim as correct path + wrong_parts.extend([bop_embed.unsqueeze(0), wrong_mixed, eop_embed.unsqueeze(0)]) + if Q > 0: + wrong_parts.append(query_embeds) + wrong_parts.append(asst_embed) + wrong_parts.append(tgt_embeds) + inputs_embeds_wrong = torch.cat(wrong_parts) # (V+K+2+Q+A+T, D) + + # Plan path: query + target only (no latent frame) — used by L_align + # to anchor the latent-conditioned distribution. Only built when the + # query was not dropped (Q > 0); when dropped, L_align is skipped. + batch: dict = { + "inputs_embeds": inputs_embeds, + "inputs_embeds_wrong": inputs_embeds_wrong, + "target_ids": target_ids, + "prefix_len": V + K + 2 + Q + A, + } + if Q > 0: + inputs_embeds_plan = torch.cat([query_embeds, asst_embed, tgt_embeds], dim=0) + batch["inputs_embeds_plan"] = inputs_embeds_plan + batch["plan_prefix_len"] = Q + A + + is_last_in_epoch = (i == len(_epoch_units)) + should_step = (i % accum_steps == 0) or is_last_in_epoch + losses = trainer.accumulate_step(batch, scale=accum_steps, step=should_step) + all_task.append(losses["task"]) + all_sep.append(losses["sep"]) + (all_task_q0 if Q == 0 else all_task_q1).append(losses["task"]) + if Q == 0: + _epoch_task_q0.append(losses["task"]) + _epoch_sep_q0.append(losses["sep"]) + else: + _epoch_task_q1.append(losses["task"]) + click.echo( + f" Epoch {epoch+1} [{i}/{len(_epoch_units)}] bucket={bucket_id} " + f"task={losses['task']:.4f} sep={losses['sep']:.4f} " + + ("Q0 " if Q == 0 else " ") + + (" ← OPT" if should_step else "") + ) + if str(device).startswith("mps"): + torch.mps.empty_cache() + + except Exception as exc: + click.echo(f" Skipped {bucket_id}: {exc}", err=True) + + # Per-epoch summary — print after inner loop closes. + _avg_q0 = sum(_epoch_task_q0) / max(1, len(_epoch_task_q0)) + _avg_q1 = sum(_epoch_task_q1) / max(1, len(_epoch_task_q1)) + _avg_sep = sum(_epoch_sep_q0) / max(1, len(_epoch_sep_q0)) + _cur_lr = trainer.optimizer.param_groups[0]["lr"] + import statistics as _stats + _median_sep_q0 = _stats.median(_epoch_sep_q0) if _epoch_sep_q0 else 0.0 + click.echo( + f"── Epoch {epoch+1}/{epochs} " + f"task_q0={_avg_q0:.4f} task_q1={_avg_q1:.4f} " + f"sep={_avg_sep:.6f} median_sep_q0={_median_sep_q0:.6f} " + f"lr={_cur_lr:.2e} " + f"Q0={len(_epoch_task_q0)} Q1={len(_epoch_task_q1)}" + ) + + # Sep watchdog: ONLY at end of epoch 3 (epoch == 2 in 0-indexed), + # AND only if no good epoch has been recorded yet. The watchdog's + # purpose is to bail early on "model totally ignores the latent" — + # but if best-so-far already cleared 0.05, we have a usable + # checkpoint and a transient dip at epoch 3 is just training noise + # (margin saturation, lr cosine, dropout luck). In that case we keep + # training; the best-checkpoint tracker preserves the high-water mark. + # CLAUDE.md §LoRA rule. + if ( + epoch == 2 + and _median_sep_q0 < 0.05 + and _avg_sep < 0.05 + and _best_mean_sep < 0.05 + ): + raise click.ClickException( + f"L_sep collapse: after 3 epoch(s), both " + f"median_sep_q0={_median_sep_q0:.6f} and mean_sep_q0={_avg_sep:.6f} " + f"are below the 0.05 threshold, AND no earlier epoch cleared it. " + f"The receiver is genuinely ignoring the latent. Weights are NOT saved.\n\n" + f"Investigate (per CLAUDE.md): " + f"(a) is --query-dropout-rate >= 0.5? " + f"(b) is inputs_embeds_wrong actually a different bucket? " + f"(c) is _SEP_LAMBDA > 0 in lora_trainer.py? " + f"(d) try --qa-per-bucket 5 + --epochs 10 for more sep-loaded steps." + ) + + # Best-checkpoint tracker — snapshot the LoRA state whenever this + # epoch's mean sep exceeds the prior best. Cloned so subsequent epoch + # updates don't mutate the snapshot. + if _avg_sep > _best_mean_sep: + _best_mean_sep = _avg_sep + _best_lora_state = { + k: v.detach().clone() + for k, v in base_model.state_dict().items() + if "lora_" in k + } + _best_epoch = epoch + 1 + click.echo( + f" ★ new best checkpoint epoch={epoch+1} " + f"mean_sep={_avg_sep:.4f} median_sep={_median_sep_q0:.4f}", + err=True, + ) + + # Save the BEST checkpoint (highest mean sep) if we tracked one. Late + # epochs may degrade due to margin saturation + lr decay; best-so-far + # protects against shipping suboptimal final weights. Fall back to final + # state if best tracking was somehow skipped. + if _best_lora_state is not None: + torch.save(_best_lora_state, bucket_dir / "lora_receiver.pt") + click.echo( + f"[libucks] Saved BEST LoRA checkpoint (epoch {_best_epoch}, " + f"mean_sep={_best_mean_sep:.4f}) to lora_receiver.pt", + err=True, + ) + else: + lora_state = {k: v for k, v in base_model.state_dict().items() if "lora_" in k} + torch.save(lora_state, bucket_dir / "lora_receiver.pt") + + if all_task: + n = min(5, len(all_task)) + q0_summary = ( + f" task_q0 (latent-only): {sum(all_task_q0[:min(5,len(all_task_q0))])/max(1,min(5,len(all_task_q0))):.4f}" + f" → {sum(all_task_q0[-min(5,len(all_task_q0)):])/max(1,min(5,len(all_task_q0))):.4f}" + if all_task_q0 else " task_q0: no Q=0 steps recorded" + ) + q1_summary = ( + f" task_q1 (query+latent): {sum(all_task_q1[:min(5,len(all_task_q1))])/max(1,min(5,len(all_task_q1))):.4f}" + f" → {sum(all_task_q1[-min(5,len(all_task_q1)):])/max(1,min(5,len(all_task_q1))):.4f}" + if all_task_q1 else " task_q1: no Q>0 steps recorded" + ) + click.echo( + f"LoRA receiver training complete.\n" + f" task (all): {sum(all_task[:n])/n:.4f} → {sum(all_task[-n:])/n:.4f}\n" + f" sep (all): {sum(all_sep[:n])/n:.4f} → {sum(all_sep[-n:])/n:.4f}\n" + f"{q0_summary}\n" + f"{q1_summary}\n" + f" Saved to {bucket_dir / 'lora_receiver.pt'}" + ) + else: + click.echo("No LoRA training steps completed.", err=True) async def _train_creative(cfg, registry, store, bucket_ids, adapter, epochs, bucket_dir): """Creative mode: multi-perspective + hard negatives + InfoNCE.""" - import os from libucks.thinking import create_strategy - from libucks.thinking.latent_strategy import LatentStrategy - from libucks.thinking.text_strategy import TextStrategy from libucks.thinking.training.data_generator import MultiPerspectiveDataGenerator from libucks.thinking.training.train_adapter import ContrastiveAdapterTrainer - text_strategy = TextStrategy.from_env(cfg.model.anthropic_model) - - # Use latent strategy only if configured; otherwise encode via text (fallback) - if cfg.model.strategy == "latent": - latent_strategy = create_strategy(cfg) - else: - click.echo("[libucks] Warning: strategy='text' — encoding via TextStrategy passthrough.", - err=True) - latent_strategy = TextStrategy.from_env(cfg.model.anthropic_model) + latent_strategy = create_strategy(cfg) generator = MultiPerspectiveDataGenerator( - text_strategy=text_strategy, latent_strategy=latent_strategy, registry=registry, store=store, + teacher_model=cfg.model.anthropic_model, ) trainer = ContrastiveAdapterTrainer(adapter, temperature=0.07, lr=1e-4) @@ -186,54 +1280,602 @@ async def _train_creative(cfg, registry, store, bucket_ids, adapter, epochs, buc async def _train_basic(cfg, registry, store, bucket_ids, adapter, epochs, bucket_dir): - """Basic mode: MSE between adapter mean-pooled output and target latent.""" + """Basic mode: per-slot cosine to bucket-token embeddings + diversity loss. + + L_task = mean over k of (1 - cos(adapter[k], interp(bucket_token_emb)[k])) + — pulls each slot toward the k-th interpolated token-embedding of + the bucket's source. K=32 outputs collectively summarize the + bucket source as a sequence of K input embeddings. + — On-manifold by construction: target IS embeddings. + — Content-relevant: embeddings come from THIS bucket's tokens, + not arbitrary vocab. + L_div = mean of (inter-slot cosine off-diagonal)^2 + — penalizes slot collapse. + + Replaces the earlier formulation that targeted encoder hidden states (off + manifold, cos~0.14 to vocab) plus a bucket-agnostic L_manifold (pulled + slots toward random vocab tokens, content-meaningless). The new target + is content-relevant by construction — no separate manifold loss needed. + """ + import random as _random import torch import torch.nn.functional as F from torch.optim import AdamW from libucks.thinking import create_strategy - from libucks.thinking.text_strategy import TextStrategy from libucks.thinking.training.data_generator import ( - MultiPerspectiveDataGenerator, PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS + MultiPerspectiveDataGenerator, _collect_source_text, ) - text_strategy = TextStrategy.from_env(cfg.model.anthropic_model) - - if cfg.model.strategy == "latent": - latent_strategy = create_strategy(cfg) - else: - latent_strategy = TextStrategy.from_env(cfg.model.anthropic_model) + latent_strategy = create_strategy(cfg) generator = MultiPerspectiveDataGenerator( - text_strategy=text_strategy, latent_strategy=latent_strategy, registry=registry, store=store, + teacher_model=cfg.model.anthropic_model, ) optimizer = AdamW(adapter.parameters(), lr=1e-4) + _device = next(adapter.parameters()).device + K = adapter.output_len + LAMBDA_DIV = 0.2 # reduced from 0.5: combined diversity pressure (div+xsep) + # at 0.8 overwhelmed L_task, driving outputs off-manifold + # (cos-to-vocab 0.475→0.145). At 0.2, total diversity + # pressure = 0.25 vs L_task = 1.0, giving manifold anchor + # room to win. + + click.echo( + f"[libucks] _train_basic (B'): K={K} λ_div={LAMBDA_DIV} " + f"target=bucket-token-embeddings", + err=True, + ) - for epoch in range(epochs): - total_loss = 0.0 - for i, bucket_id in enumerate(bucket_ids, 1): + vocab_emb: torch.Tensor | None = None + tokenizer = None + bucket_emb_cache: dict[str, torch.Tensor | None] = {} + + # Librarian-latent cache: skip the Anthropic teacher for buckets we've + # already encoded once. First training run pays the API cost (3 calls per + # bucket × 159 buckets ≈ $0.50); subsequent runs cost $0. Per-bucket file + # so partial-failed runs preserve every paid call. Stored fp16 to halve disk. + _lat_cache_dir = bucket_dir / "latent_cache" + _lat_cache_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True) + _n_pre_cached = sum(1 for _ in _lat_cache_dir.glob("*.pt")) + click.echo( + f"[libucks] librarian-latent cache: {_n_pre_cached}/{len(bucket_ids)} buckets pre-cached " + f"at {_lat_cache_dir} (delete to refetch)", + err=True, + ) + + async def _get_librarian_latents(bid: str): + """Return list of librarian-latent tensors for bid, from disk or teacher. + + Returns None if the bucket cannot be processed (API error, etc.). + Cached tensors are stored fp16 on CPU; returned cast to fp32 on _device. + """ + cache_path = _lat_cache_dir / f"{bid}.pt" + if cache_path.exists(): try: - sample = await generator.generate(bucket_id) + cached = torch.load(cache_path, map_location="cpu", weights_only=True) + return [t.to(_device, torch.float32) for t in cached] except Exception as exc: - click.echo(f" Skipped {bucket_id}: {exc}", err=True) + click.echo(f" Cache read failed for {bid} ({exc}); refetching", err=True) + try: + sample = await generator.generate(bid) + except Exception as exc: + click.echo(f" Skipped {bid}: {exc}", err=True) + return None + cpu_fp16 = [t.detach().cpu().to(torch.float16) for t in sample.librarian_latents] + try: + torch.save(cpu_fp16, cache_path) + except Exception as exc: + click.echo(f" Cache write failed for {bid} ({exc}); continuing without persist", err=True) + return [t.to(_device, torch.float32) for t in cpu_fp16] + + # Preload encoder (the cache path may skip generator.generate, which used + # to be the implicit trigger for model load). + latent_strategy._mgr.get_model() + + def _bucket_token_emb(bucket_id: str) -> "torch.Tensor | None": + """Return (T, base_dim) embeddings of the bucket's source tokens, or None.""" + if bucket_id in bucket_emb_cache: + return bucket_emb_cache[bucket_id] + try: + front_matter, prose = store.read(bucket_id) + # Match the teacher's source extraction: _collect_source_text walks + # front_matter for the actual code body. Falling back only to prose + # cost us ~30 buckets in the prior run (19% skip rate). + source = ( + _collect_source_text(front_matter, max_chars=3000) + or prose + or getattr(front_matter, "domain_label", "") + or "" + ) + if len(source.strip()) < 10: + bucket_emb_cache[bucket_id] = None + return None + tok = tokenizer(source, return_tensors="pt", truncation=True, + max_length=512, add_special_tokens=False)["input_ids"][0] + if tok.shape[0] < 2: + bucket_emb_cache[bucket_id] = None + return None + with torch.no_grad(): + emb = vocab_emb[tok.to(_device)] # (T, base_dim) + bucket_emb_cache[bucket_id] = emb + return emb + except Exception as exc: + click.echo(f" Failed to tokenize {bucket_id}: {exc}", err=True) + bucket_emb_cache[bucket_id] = None + return None + + for epoch in range(epochs): + for i, bucket_id in enumerate(bucket_ids, 1): + librarian_latents = await _get_librarian_latents(bucket_id) + if librarian_latents is None: + continue + + # Lazy-load vocab + tokenizer (encoder is preloaded above). + if vocab_emb is None: + _enc = latent_strategy._mgr.get_model() + tokenizer = latent_strategy._mgr.get_tokenizer() + with torch.no_grad(): + vocab_emb = _enc.model.embed_tokens.weight.detach().to( + _device, torch.float32 + ) + if adapter.output_proj is not None: + vocab_emb = adapter.output_proj(vocab_emb) + click.echo( + f"[libucks] vocab embeddings cached shape={tuple(vocab_emb.shape)}", + err=True, + ) + + bt_emb = _bucket_token_emb(bucket_id) + if bt_emb is None: + click.echo( + f" Skipped {bucket_id} L_task: insufficient source tokens", err=True, + ) continue + latents = [t.clone() for t in librarian_latents] optimizer.zero_grad() - output = adapter(sample.librarian_latents) - anchor = F.normalize(output.mean(dim=0), dim=0) - target = F.normalize(sample.target_latent.mean(dim=0), dim=0) - loss = 1.0 - torch.dot(anchor, target) + output = adapter(latents) # (K, base_dim) + + # ── L_task: per-slot cos against interp(bucket_token_emb) ────── + # bt_emb: (T, d) — already in base_dim + with torch.no_grad(): + t_K = F.interpolate( + bt_emb.T.unsqueeze(0), size=K, mode="linear", align_corners=False, + ).squeeze(0).T # (K, d) + target_n = F.normalize(t_K, dim=-1) + output_n = F.normalize(output, dim=-1) # (K, d) + L_task = (1.0 - (output_n * target_n).sum(dim=-1)).mean() + + # ── L_div: penalize slot collapse ────────────────────────────── + inter_cos = (output_n @ output_n.T) - torch.eye(K, device=output.device) + L_div = inter_cos.pow(2).mean() + + # ── L_xsep: cross-bucket cosine separation proxy ─────────────── + neg_id = _random.choice([b for b in bucket_ids if b != bucket_id]) + neg_latents = await _get_librarian_latents(neg_id) + if neg_latents is not None: + neg_out = adapter([t.clone() for t in neg_latents]) + pos_mean = F.normalize(output.mean(dim=0), dim=-1) + neg_mean = F.normalize(neg_out.mean(dim=0), dim=-1) + L_xsep = torch.dot(pos_mean, neg_mean).pow(2) + else: + L_xsep = torch.zeros((), device=output.device) + + LAMBDA_XSEP = 0.1 + loss = L_task + LAMBDA_DIV * L_div + LAMBDA_XSEP * L_xsep loss.backward() optimizer.step() - total_loss += loss.item() - click.echo(f" Epoch {epoch+1} [{i}/{len(bucket_ids)}] loss={loss.item():.4f}") + click.echo( + f" Epoch {epoch+1} [{i}/{len(bucket_ids)}] " + f"task={L_task.item():.4f} div={L_div.item():.4f} " + f"xsep={L_xsep.item():.4f} total={loss.item():.4f}" + ) torch.save(adapter.state_dict(), bucket_dir / "adapter.pt") click.echo(f"Basic training complete. Saved to {bucket_dir / 'adapter.pt'}") +@cli.command("build-kv-cache") +@click.option("--repo", "repo_path", type=click.Path(exists=True, file_okay=False, path_type=Path), + default=None, help="Path to repository (defaults to git repo containing cwd).") +@click.option("--max-tokens", default=1024, show_default=True, + help="Per-bucket max tokens encoded into the KV cache.") +def build_kv_cache_cmd(repo_path: Path | None, max_tokens: int): + """Phase 4-C: precompute per-bucket KV caches for `cache_aug` inference. + + Iterates over registry buckets, runs Qwen 2.5-3B forward over each bucket's + source text, saves the resulting past_key_values to + /.libucks/kv_cache/.safetensors. Required before + `cache_aug_translator` can route to a bucket. + """ + target = repo_path or _find_repo_root() + asyncio.run(_run_build_kv_cache(target, max_tokens=max_tokens)) + + +async def _run_build_kv_cache(repo_path: Path, *, max_tokens: int) -> None: + import time + import torch + from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer + from libucks.config import Config + from libucks.storage.bucket_store import BucketStore + from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import BucketRegistry + from libucks.thinking.model_manager import ModelManager + from libucks.cache_augmentation.bucket_kv_cache import BucketKVCache + from libucks.cache_augmentation.kv_extract import extract_bucket_kv + from libucks.thinking.training.data_generator import _collect_source_text + + cfg = Config.load(repo_path) + bucket_dir = repo_path / ".libucks" + registry = BucketRegistry(bucket_dir / "registry.json") + registry.load() + store = BucketStore(repo_path / cfg.paths.bucket_dir) + bucket_ids = list(registry.get_all_centroids().keys()) + if not bucket_ids: + raise click.ClickException("no buckets — run `libucks init` first") + + # Cache aug receiver is locked to Qwen 2.5-3B (see train-cache-aug). + receiver_model_id = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B" + device = ModelManager._resolve_device(cfg.model.device) + click.echo(f"[libucks:build-kv] loading {receiver_model_id} on {device}...", err=True) + tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(receiver_model_id) + model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(receiver_model_id, dtype=torch.bfloat16) + model.eval() + model = model.to(device) + + kv_cache = BucketKVCache(bucket_dir / "kv_cache", model_id=receiver_model_id, max_tokens=max_tokens) + + built = 0 + skipped = 0 + t0 = time.time() + for bid in bucket_ids: + try: + fm, prose = store.read(bid) + except Exception as exc: + click.echo(f" {bid}: store.read failed ({exc}); skipping", err=True) + skipped += 1 + continue + chunks = list(fm.chunks) + source_text = _collect_source_text(fm, max_chars=max_tokens * 4) or prose + if not source_text: + click.echo(f" {bid}: empty source; skipping", err=True) + skipped += 1 + continue + flat = extract_bucket_kv(model, tokenizer, source_text, max_tokens=max_tokens) + kv_cache.save(bid, flat, chunks) + built += 1 + elapsed = time.time() - t0 + click.echo( + f"[libucks:build-kv] built {built}/{len(bucket_ids)} (skipped {skipped}) " + f"in {elapsed:.1f}s -> {bucket_dir / 'kv_cache'}", + err=True, + ) + + +@cli.command("generate-qa") +@click.option("--repo", "repo_path", type=click.Path(exists=True, file_okay=False, path_type=Path), + default=None, help="Path to repository (defaults to git repo containing cwd).") +@click.option("--qa-per-bucket", "qa_per_bucket", default=5, show_default=True, + help="Number of QA pairs to synthesize per bucket via the teacher.") +@click.option("--no-teacher", "no_teacher", is_flag=True, default=False, + help="Skip the Anthropic teacher; fill missing buckets with source-text fallbacks only.") +def generate_qa_cmd(repo_path: Path | None, qa_per_bucket: int, no_teacher: bool): + """Regenerate /.libucks/qa_cache.json by calling the Anthropic teacher. + + Does NOT retrain the Phase 4-A adapter+LoRA. Use this to refresh QA data + independently of training (e.g. before `train-cache-aug` runs in Phase 4-C). + """ + target = repo_path or _find_repo_root() + if qa_per_bucket < 1 or qa_per_bucket > 10: + raise click.ClickException(f"--qa-per-bucket must be in [1, 10]; got {qa_per_bucket}") + asyncio.run(_regenerate_qa_cache(target, qa_per_bucket=qa_per_bucket, no_teacher=no_teacher)) + + +async def _regenerate_qa_cache(repo_path: Path, *, qa_per_bucket: int, no_teacher: bool) -> None: + """Run only the teacher Q&A generation portion of the training pipeline. + + Mirrors the logic in _train_lora_receiver's "Phase 1" block (the inline + teacher fetch loop). Kept duplicated rather than refactored to minimise + risk to the working Phase 4-A pipeline; can be DRY-ed later. + """ + import os as _os + from libucks.config import Config + from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import BucketRegistry + from libucks.storage.bucket_store import BucketStore + from libucks.thinking.training.data_generator import PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS, _collect_source_text + + cfg = Config.load(repo_path) + bucket_dir = repo_path / ".libucks" + registry = BucketRegistry(bucket_dir / "registry.json") + registry.load() + store = BucketStore(repo_path / cfg.paths.bucket_dir) + bucket_ids = list(registry.get_all_centroids().keys()) + if not bucket_ids: + raise click.ClickException("no buckets — run `libucks init` first") + + teacher_client = None + if not no_teacher: + if not _os.environ.get("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"): + raise click.ClickException( + "ANTHROPIC_API_KEY not set. Either set it in .env / shell, " + "or pass --no-teacher (lower quality)." + ) + try: + import anthropic as _anthropic + teacher_client = _anthropic.AsyncAnthropic() + except ImportError: + click.echo("[libucks] anthropic package not found — falling back to source-text", err=True) + + def _build_qa_prompt(n_pairs: int) -> str: + count_word = "ONE question" if n_pairs <= 1 else f"{n_pairs} distinct questions" + pair_word = "pair" if n_pairs <= 1 else "pairs" + return ( + f"Given this source code, write {count_word} whose answers require specific " + "facts from the code (function/class names, parameter signatures, constant " + "values, return types, control flow). Each question must be ANSWERABLE only " + "by reading this specific code — not by generic knowledge of the topic. " + f"Make the {pair_word} cover different aspects of the code (different " + "functions, branches, or invariants) — do not paraphrase the same question.\n\n" + "Then write a concise 2-3 sentence plain English answer for each that " + "explicitly names the relevant identifiers from the code.\n\n" + "BAD example (too generic — answer comes from priors, not the code):\n" + "QUESTION 1: How does this module handle errors?\n" + "ANSWER 1: It catches exceptions and returns an error response.\n\n" + "GOOD example (answer requires the code):\n" + "QUESTION 1: What does load_config() return when the YAML file is missing?\n" + "ANSWER 1: It returns the default Config() instance built from DEFAULT_SETTINGS, " + "and logs a warning via logger.warning() rather than raising.\n\n" + f"Format EXACTLY (numbered 1..{n_pairs}):\n" + "QUESTION 1: \nANSWER 1: \n" + + ("QUESTION 2: \nANSWER 2: \n..." if n_pairs > 1 else "") + ) + + def _parse_qa_pairs(text: str, n_expected: int, fallback_q: str, fallback_a: str): + import re + pattern = re.compile( + r"QUESTION\s*(\d*)\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*ANSWER\s*\d*\s*:\s*(.+?)(?=\n\s*QUESTION\s*\d*\s*:|\Z)", + re.DOTALL | re.IGNORECASE, + ) + pairs: list[tuple[str, str]] = [] + for m in pattern.finditer(text): + q = m.group(2).strip() + a = m.group(3).strip() + if q and a: + pairs.append((q, a)) + if len(pairs) >= n_expected: + break + if not pairs: + return [(fallback_q, fallback_a)] + return pairs + + _TEACHER_QA_PROMPT = _build_qa_prompt(qa_per_bucket) + _qa_cache_path = bucket_dir / "qa_cache.json" + _qa_cache: dict[str, dict] = {} + if _qa_cache_path.exists(): + try: + raw_cache = json.loads(_qa_cache_path.read_text()) + for k, v in raw_cache.items(): + if isinstance(v, dict) and "pairs" in v: + _qa_cache[k] = { + "pairs": [list(p) for p in v["pairs"]], + "source": v.get("source", ""), + } + except Exception as _e: + click.echo(f"[libucks] existing cache load failed ({_e}), starting fresh", err=True) + _qa_cache = {} + + uncached = [ + bid for bid in bucket_ids + if bid not in _qa_cache or len(_qa_cache[bid]["pairs"]) < qa_per_bucket + ] + click.echo( + f"[libucks:generate-qa] {len(_qa_cache)} cached, {len(uncached)} to fetch " + f"(target {qa_per_bucket} pairs/bucket)", + err=True, + ) + + if teacher_client is not None and uncached: + _sem = asyncio.Semaphore(1) + import anthropic as _anthropic + + async def _fetch_qa(bucket_id: str): + front_matter, prose = store.read(bucket_id) + # max_chars=4096 so the teacher sees a whole typical bucket + # (echoswarm averages ~4,126 chars). This value was raised from + # 1024 back when _collect_source_text returned "" outright if the + # first chunk overflowed max_chars, which made the entire bucket + # fall back to its domain_label on ~25% of buckets. That overflow + # bug is fixed (data_generator.py:52 now slices), so 1024 no longer + # blanks the source — it just truncates it to a quarter. + # + # KNOWN DIVERGENCE: the three sibling call sites (:684, :742, and + # :1730 in this file's own --no-teacher branch) were never raised + # and still pass 1024. See docs/cm-b-plan.md before changing them: + # they feed LoRA receiver training, so touching them invalidates + # comparisons against existing lora_receiver.pt checkpoints. + source_text = _collect_source_text(front_matter, max_chars=4096) or prose or front_matter.domain_label + fallback_q = PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS[0] + fallback_a = source_text or "" + pairs: list[tuple[str, str]] = [(fallback_q, fallback_a)] + if source_text: + try: + async with _sem: + max_toks = max(256, 200 * qa_per_bucket) + resp = await teacher_client.messages.create( + model=cfg.model.anthropic_model, + max_tokens=max_toks, + messages=[{"role": "user", "content": f"{_TEACHER_QA_PROMPT}\n\n{source_text}"}], + ) + await asyncio.sleep(1.2) + raw = resp.content[0].text.strip() + pairs = _parse_qa_pairs(raw, qa_per_bucket, fallback_q, fallback_a) + click.echo( + f" {bucket_id}: {len(pairs)} pairs Q1={pairs[0][0][:50]}…", + err=True, + ) + except (_anthropic.AuthenticationError, + _anthropic.APIConnectionError, + _anthropic.RateLimitError) as fatal: + raise click.ClickException(f"Anthropic API fatal error: {fatal}") from fatal + except Exception as transient: + click.echo(f" {bucket_id}: teacher failed ({transient}) — fallback used", err=True) + return bucket_id, pairs, source_text + + qa_results = await asyncio.gather(*[_fetch_qa(bid) for bid in uncached], return_exceptions=True) + for item in qa_results: + if isinstance(item, click.ClickException): + raise item + if isinstance(item, Exception): + click.echo(f" skipped (error): {item}", err=True) + continue + bid, pairs, src = item + _qa_cache[bid] = {"pairs": [list(p) for p in pairs], "source": src or ""} + elif uncached: + for bucket_id in uncached: + front_matter, prose = store.read(bucket_id) + src = _collect_source_text(front_matter, max_chars=1024) or prose or front_matter.domain_label + _qa_cache[bucket_id] = { + "pairs": [[PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS[0], src]], + "source": src or "", + } + + _qa_cache_path.write_text(json.dumps(_qa_cache, indent=2)) + total_pairs = sum(len(e["pairs"]) for e in _qa_cache.values()) + stubs = sum( + 1 for e in _qa_cache.values() + for p in e["pairs"] + if isinstance(p, list) and len(p) >= 1 and isinstance(p[0], str) + and p[0].startswith("Explain concisely what this code does") + ) + click.echo( + f"[libucks:generate-qa] wrote {_qa_cache_path}: " + f"{len(_qa_cache)} buckets, {total_pairs} total pairs, " + f"{stubs} generic stubs ({100 * stubs / max(1, total_pairs):.1f}%)", + err=True, + ) + + +@cli.command("train-cache-aug") +@click.option("--repo", "repo_path", type=click.Path(exists=True, file_okay=False, path_type=Path), + default=None, help="Path to repository (defaults to git repo containing cwd).") +@click.option("--epochs", default=3, show_default=True, help="Number of training epochs.") +@click.option("--lr", default=1e-4, show_default=True, help="AdamW base learning rate.") +@click.option("--warmup-steps", default=100, show_default=True, + help="Linear warmup steps; lr ramps from 1/warmup_steps × base_lr up to base_lr.") +@click.option("--text-ratios", default="0.0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0", show_default=True, + help="Comma-separated text_ratio choices for the Phase 4-C.5.5 curriculum. " + "Per sample, r ∼ uniform(choices); verbatim_chars = r × max-verbatim-chars.") +@click.option("--max-verbatim-chars", default=2400, show_default=True, + help="Upper bound on verbatim prepended to the query when text_ratio=1.0.") +def train_cache_aug_cmd( + repo_path: Path | None, epochs: int, lr: float, warmup_steps: int, + text_ratios: str, max_verbatim_chars: int, +): + """Phase 4-C.5/5.5: train Coprocessor + CrossBucketFusion against frozen Qwen 2.5-3B. + + Reads per-bucket KV caches from .libucks/kv_cache/, Q&A pairs from + .libucks/qa_cache.json, and saves the trained coproc + fusion state_dict to + .libucks/cache_aug_state.pt. Receiver stays frozen throughout. + """ + target = repo_path or _find_repo_root() + try: + ratios = tuple(float(x.strip()) for x in text_ratios.split(",") if x.strip()) + except ValueError as exc: + raise click.ClickException(f"--text-ratios must be comma-separated floats; got {text_ratios!r}") from exc + if not ratios: + ratios = (0.0,) + asyncio.run(_run_train_cache_aug( + target, epochs=epochs, lr=lr, warmup_steps=warmup_steps, + text_ratios=ratios, max_verbatim_chars=max_verbatim_chars, + )) + + +async def _run_train_cache_aug( + repo_path: Path, *, epochs: int, lr: float, warmup_steps: int, + text_ratios: tuple = (0.0,), max_verbatim_chars: int = 2400, +) -> None: + import torch + from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer + from libucks.config import Config + from libucks.storage.bucket_store import BucketStore + from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import BucketRegistry + from libucks.thinking.model_manager import ModelManager + from libucks.cache_augmentation.bucket_kv_cache import BucketKVCache + from libucks.cache_augmentation.coprocessor import Coprocessor + from libucks.cache_augmentation.fusion import CrossBucketFusion + from libucks.thinking.training.cache_aug_trainer import CacheAugTrainer, load_qa_pairs + + cfg = Config.load(repo_path) + bucket_dir = repo_path / ".libucks" + + qa_path = bucket_dir / "qa_cache.json" + if not qa_path.exists(): + raise click.ClickException( + f"qa_cache.json missing at {qa_path}. Generate Q&A pairs via " + "`libucks train-adapter --train-receiver` first." + ) + samples = load_qa_pairs(qa_path) + if not samples: + raise click.ClickException(f"No usable Q&A samples in {qa_path}") + + registry = BucketRegistry(bucket_dir / "registry.json") + registry.load() + store = BucketStore(repo_path / cfg.paths.bucket_dir) + bucket_chunks = {} + for bid in registry.get_all_centroids(): + fm, _ = store.read(bid) + bucket_chunks[bid] = list(fm.chunks) + + # The cache-aug receiver is locked to Qwen 2.5-3B by the coprocessor's + # architectural defaults (36 layers, 2 KV heads, head_dim=128, hidden=2048). + # cfg.model.base_model is the Phase 4-A receiver knob and is not the + # right field for this pipeline. + receiver_model_id = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B" + device = ModelManager._resolve_device(cfg.model.device) + click.echo(f"[libucks:cache_aug] loading frozen {receiver_model_id} on {device}...", err=True) + tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(receiver_model_id) + model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(receiver_model_id, dtype=torch.bfloat16) + model.eval() + model = model.to(device) + + coproc = Coprocessor().to(device).to(torch.float32) + fusion = CrossBucketFusion().to(device).to(torch.float32) + kv_cache = BucketKVCache(bucket_dir / "kv_cache", model_id=receiver_model_id) + + total_steps = max(1, len(samples) * epochs) + trainer = CacheAugTrainer( + base_model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer, + coprocessor=coproc, fusion=fusion, + bucket_kv_cache=kv_cache, bucket_chunks=bucket_chunks, + lr=lr, warmup_steps=warmup_steps, total_steps=total_steps, + store=store, + text_ratio_choices=text_ratios, + max_verbatim_chars=max_verbatim_chars, + ) + + click.echo( + f"[libucks:cache_aug] training: {len(samples)} samples × {epochs} epochs " + f"= {total_steps} steps, lr={lr:.2e}, warmup={warmup_steps}, " + f"text_ratios={list(text_ratios)}, max_verbatim_chars={max_verbatim_chars}", + err=True, + ) + + for epoch in range(epochs): + stats = trainer.train_epoch(samples) + click.echo( + f"[libucks:cache_aug] epoch {epoch+1}/{epochs}: " + f"mean_loss={stats['mean_loss']:.4f} n_steps={stats['n_steps']} " + f"skipped={stats['skipped']}", + err=True, + ) + + out_path = bucket_dir / "cache_aug_state.pt" + torch.save({"coproc": coproc.state_dict(), "fusion": fusion.state_dict()}, out_path) + click.echo(f"[libucks:cache_aug] saved {out_path}", err=True) + + @cli.command("query") @click.argument("query_text") @click.option("--repo", "repo_path", type=click.Path(exists=True, file_okay=False, path_type=Path), @@ -295,7 +1937,16 @@ async def _run_query(repo_path: Path, query_text: str, top_k: int) -> None: strategy = create_strategy(cfg) click.echo("[libucks] strategy ready", err=True) - agent = CentralAgent(registry, cfg, embed_fn=embedder.embed) + from libucks.chunk_retriever import ChunkRetriever + chunk_retriever = ChunkRetriever( + cache_dir=bucket_dir / "chunk_emb_cache", + embedder=embedder, + store=store, + ) + agent = CentralAgent( + registry, cfg, embed_fn=embedder.embed, + chunk_retriever=chunk_retriever, + ) librarians: dict[str, Librarian] = {} for bucket_id in bucket_ids: lib = Librarian( @@ -305,6 +1956,7 @@ async def _run_query(repo_path: Path, query_text: str, top_k: int) -> None: strategy=strategy, embedder=embedder, mitosis_threshold=cfg.routing.mitosis_threshold, + chunk_retriever=chunk_retriever, ) librarians[bucket_id] = lib agent.register_librarian(bucket_id, lib) @@ -312,15 +1964,38 @@ async def _run_query(repo_path: Path, query_text: str, top_k: int) -> None: adapter = None if cfg.model.strategy == "latent": import torch - resolved_device = cfg.model.device if cfg.model.device != "auto" else "mps" - adapter = CommunicationAdapter(hidden_dim=strategy.hidden_dim) + from libucks.thinking.model_manager import ModelManager as _MM + resolved_device = _MM._resolve_device(cfg.model.device) + from transformers import AutoConfig as _AC2 + _base_hidden = _AC2.from_pretrained(cfg.model.base_model).hidden_size + adapter = CommunicationAdapter(hidden_dim=strategy.hidden_dim, output_dim=_base_hidden, + output_len=cfg.model.output_len) adapter.load_saved_weights(bucket_dir / "adapter.pt") - # dtype must match the model's output dtype. ModelManager loads Qwen in - # float16 on MPS; float32 adapter parameters cause an MPS broadcast error. - adapter_dtype = torch.float16 if resolved_device == "mps" else None - adapter = adapter.to(device=resolved_device, dtype=adapter_dtype) - translator = Translator(strategy, adapter=adapter) + # Load the Base receiver model first so we can read its actual dtype. + click.echo("[libucks] loading Base receiver model for decode()...", err=True) + strategy._mgr.load_base_model( + model_id=cfg.model.base_model, + quantization=cfg.model.quantization, + bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=cfg.model.bnb_4bit_compute_dtype, + device=cfg.model.device, + base_model_dtype=cfg.model.base_model_dtype, + ) + click.echo("[libucks] Base receiver model ready", err=True) + + # Cast adapter to match base model dtype — must happen after load_base_model() + # so we read the real dtype rather than hardcoding float16. + _base_model_dtype = strategy._mgr.get_base_model().dtype + adapter = adapter.to(device=resolved_device, dtype=_base_model_dtype) + + _load_lora_weights(strategy, bucket_dir, resolved_device) + + translator = Translator( + strategy, adapter=adapter, store=store, + hybrid=cfg.model.hybrid_retrieval, + verbatim_max_chars=cfg.model.hybrid_verbatim_max_chars, + chunk_retriever=chunk_retriever, + ) orchestrator = QueryOrchestrator( central_agent=agent, @@ -330,10 +2005,17 @@ async def _run_query(repo_path: Path, query_text: str, top_k: int) -> None: ) click.echo(f"[libucks] routing: \"{query_text}\"", err=True) - representations = await orchestrator.query(query_text) + query_embedding = embedder.embed(query_text) + pairs = await orchestrator.query(query_text) + bucket_ids = [bid for bid, _ in pairs] + representations = [rep for _, rep in pairs] click.echo(f"[libucks] {len(representations)} representations, synthesizing...", err=True) - answer = await translator.synthesize(query_text, representations) + answer = await translator.synthesize( + query_text, representations, + bucket_ids=bucket_ids, + query_embedding=query_embedding, + ) # Answer goes to stdout so it can be piped / captured cleanly. click.echo(answer) @@ -344,7 +2026,9 @@ async def _run_query(repo_path: Path, query_text: str, top_k: int) -> None: @click.argument("args", nargs=-1) def hook_cmd(event: str, args: tuple): """Send a git hook event to the running libucks server (called by git hooks).""" - repo_path = _find_repo_root() + import os as _os + _env = _os.environ.get("LIBUCKS_REPO_PATH") + repo_path = Path(_env).resolve() if _env else _find_repo_root() sock_path = repo_path / ".libucks" / "server.sock" if not sock_path.exists(): return # server not running — silent exit so git is never blocked diff --git a/libucks/background_tasks.py b/libucks/background_tasks.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1bd453a --- /dev/null +++ b/libucks/background_tasks.py @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +"""Strong references and error reporting for fire-and-forget asyncio tasks. + +asyncio keeps only a WEAK reference to a running Task. A task nobody else holds +can therefore be garbage-collected mid-execution, and the CPython docs say +plainly: "Save a reference to the result of this function, to avoid a task +disappearing mid-execution." + +libucks had six bare `asyncio.ensure_future(...)` calls. The exposed work +included `MitosisService.split()` (fired from Librarian when a bucket crosses +its threshold) and the stale-bucket reindex in QueryOrchestrator — one-shot +coroutines with many await points, where a drop means the bucket silently never +splits and the index silently never refreshes. `HealthMonitor.run()` and +`NovelBucketService.run()`, both named in CLAUDE.md as core mechanisms, are the +same shape; a loop parked in `asyncio.sleep` is usually kept alive by its timer +handle, so the practical risk there is lower — but the failure mode when it +does bite ("auto-mitosis just stopped, no error anywhere") is close to +undebuggable. + +The bare form has a second defect: an exception in the coroutine surfaces only +at GC, as asyncio's bare "Task exception was never retrieved", with no bucket +id or operation name attached. `spawn` logs it immediately, with context. +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import asyncio +from typing import Any, Coroutine, Set + +import structlog + +log = structlog.get_logger(__name__) + +# Strong references to in-flight tasks. Entries are removed by the done +# callback, so this is bounded by concurrency, not by total tasks ever created. +_TASKS: Set[asyncio.Task] = set() + + +def spawn(coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, Any], *, name: str) -> asyncio.Task: + """Schedule `coro` as a background task that cannot be GC'd or fail silently. + + `name` identifies the work in logs — prefer something locatable such as + ``f"mitosis.split:{bucket_id}"`` over a bare verb. + + Returns the Task, so a caller that does want to await or cancel it can. + """ + task = asyncio.ensure_future(coro) + _TASKS.add(task) + task.add_done_callback(_on_done(name)) + return task + + +def _on_done(name: str): + def _cb(task: asyncio.Task) -> None: + _TASKS.discard(task) + if task.cancelled(): + # Cancellation is how shutdown works; it is not a failure. + return + exc = task.exception() + if exc is not None: + log.error( + "background_task.failed", + task=name, + error=repr(exc), + consequence=f"{name} did not complete; its effect has not been applied", + ) + + return _cb + + +def pending_count() -> int: + """Number of in-flight tasks. For tests and diagnostics.""" + return len(_TASKS) diff --git a/libucks/cache_augmentation/__init__.py b/libucks/cache_augmentation/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0bbde1e --- /dev/null +++ b/libucks/cache_augmentation/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +"""Phase 4-C — Cache augmentation package. + +Implements DeepMind's "Deliberation in Latent Space via Differentiable Cache +Augmentation" (arXiv:2412.17747) adapted for libucks's multi-agent setting: + + - Frozen Qwen 2.5-3B receiver + - Per-bucket KV cache precomputed at indexing time + - Lightweight coprocessor reads bucket KV cache + learned soft tokens, + emits z latent embeddings + - Cross-bucket fusion combines z_b across k routed buckets + - z_fused appended into receiver's KV cache at decode time + +This file is the package marker; individual modules live alongside: + - kv_extract.py — capture past_key_values from frozen receiver + - bucket_kv_cache.py — load/save/invalidate per-bucket caches + - coprocessor.py — coprocessor model (Phase 4-C.3) + - fusion.py — cross-bucket fusion block (Phase 4-C.4) + - decode.py — augmented-cache decode path (Phase 4-C.4) +""" + +from libucks.cache_augmentation.bucket_kv_cache import BucketKVCache +from libucks.cache_augmentation.coprocessor import Coprocessor, CoprocessorBlock +from libucks.cache_augmentation.decode import augmented_decode, build_z_fused +from libucks.cache_augmentation.fusion import CrossBucketFusion +from libucks.cache_augmentation.kv_extract import extract_bucket_kv, restore_dynamic_cache + +__all__ = [ + "BucketKVCache", + "Coprocessor", + "CoprocessorBlock", + "CrossBucketFusion", + "augmented_decode", + "build_z_fused", + "extract_bucket_kv", + "restore_dynamic_cache", +] diff --git a/libucks/cache_augmentation/bucket_kv_cache.py b/libucks/cache_augmentation/bucket_kv_cache.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9db99db --- /dev/null +++ b/libucks/cache_augmentation/bucket_kv_cache.py @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ +"""Per-bucket KV cache persistence on disk. + +Layout: + /.libucks/kv_cache/.safetensors + +Storage format: safetensors, contains the flat dict from kv_extract: + layer__K, layer__V for i in [0, n_layers) + _meta_seq_len, _meta_n_layers +Plus a small JSON metadata file for invalidation: + /.libucks/kv_cache/.json + { "chunk_ids": [...], "git_sha_set": "", "model_id": "...", + "max_tokens": , "indexed_at": "" } + +Invalidation is on chunk-set + git_sha changes: when a bucket's chunk +list or any contained chunk's git_sha changes (mitosis, merge, normal +update), we drop the cache and rebuild on next access. +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import hashlib +import json +import sys +from datetime import datetime, timezone +from pathlib import Path +from typing import Optional + +import torch +from safetensors.torch import load_file, save_file + + +def _log(msg: str) -> None: + print(f"[libucks:cache_aug] {msg}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True) + + +def _chunk_set_signature(chunks: list) -> str: + """Stable hash of (chunk_id, git_sha) pairs sorted by chunk_id. Detects + chunk additions, removals, and content changes.""" + pairs = sorted([(c.chunk_id, c.git_sha) for c in chunks]) + h = hashlib.sha256() + for cid, sha in pairs: + h.update(cid.encode()) + h.update(b"\x00") + h.update(sha.encode()) + h.update(b"\x01") + return h.hexdigest()[:16] + + +class BucketKVCache: + """Disk-backed per-bucket KV cache with content-based invalidation.""" + + def __init__(self, cache_dir: Path, model_id: str, max_tokens: int = 1024) -> None: + self._cache_dir = Path(cache_dir) + self._cache_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + self._model_id = model_id + self._max_tokens = max_tokens + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # Paths + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + + def _tensor_path(self, bucket_id: str) -> Path: + return self._cache_dir / f"{bucket_id}.safetensors" + + def _meta_path(self, bucket_id: str) -> Path: + return self._cache_dir / f"{bucket_id}.json" + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # Save / load / invalidate + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + + def save( + self, + bucket_id: str, + flat_kv: dict[str, torch.Tensor], + chunks: list, + ) -> None: + """Persist a bucket's KV cache + metadata. `chunks` is the bucket's + ChunkMetadata list (used to derive the invalidation signature).""" + save_file(flat_kv, str(self._tensor_path(bucket_id))) + meta = { + "chunk_ids": sorted(c.chunk_id for c in chunks), + "git_sha_set": _chunk_set_signature(chunks), + "model_id": self._model_id, + "max_tokens": self._max_tokens, + "indexed_at": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(), + } + self._meta_path(bucket_id).write_text(json.dumps(meta, indent=2)) + _log(f"save: bucket={bucket_id[:10]} chunks={len(chunks)} sig={meta['git_sha_set']}") + + def load( + self, + bucket_id: str, + chunks: list, + device: Optional[torch.device] = None, + ) -> Optional[dict[str, torch.Tensor]]: + """Load a bucket's KV cache if it exists AND is fresh. + + Returns the flat tensor dict on hit, or None if the cache is missing + or stale. Stale = chunk_set_signature mismatch OR model_id mismatch. + """ + tp = self._tensor_path(bucket_id) + mp = self._meta_path(bucket_id) + if not tp.exists() or not mp.exists(): + return None + try: + meta = json.loads(mp.read_text()) + except Exception: + return None + if meta.get("model_id") != self._model_id: + _log(f"load: bucket={bucket_id[:10]} stale (model_id changed)") + return None + if meta.get("git_sha_set") != _chunk_set_signature(chunks): + _log(f"load: bucket={bucket_id[:10]} stale (chunk signature changed)") + return None + try: + flat = load_file(str(tp)) + except Exception as exc: + _log(f"load: bucket={bucket_id[:10]} read failed: {exc}") + return None + if device is not None: + flat = {k: v.to(device) for k, v in flat.items()} + return flat + + def invalidate(self, bucket_id: str) -> None: + """Drop the cache files for a bucket (call on mitosis / merge / removal).""" + for path in (self._tensor_path(bucket_id), self._meta_path(bucket_id)): + if path.exists(): + path.unlink() + _log(f"invalidate: bucket={bucket_id[:10]}") + + def exists(self, bucket_id: str) -> bool: + return self._tensor_path(bucket_id).exists() and self._meta_path(bucket_id).exists() + + @property + def cache_dir(self) -> Path: + return self._cache_dir + + @property + def max_tokens(self) -> int: + return self._max_tokens diff --git a/libucks/cache_augmentation/cartridge.py b/libucks/cache_augmentation/cartridge.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f0f1f44 --- /dev/null +++ b/libucks/cache_augmentation/cartridge.py @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ +"""Trainable KV-prefix cartridge (Cartridge Memory, CM-A). + +A per-bucket learnable prefix of key/value tensors, prefix-tuning on a frozen +receiver. This is the artifact CM-A distills — replacing the from-scratch +coprocessor (Phase 4-C, negative result) with the Cartridges recipe +(arXiv 2506.06266): a small trainable KV cache the frozen model reads as +`past_key_values`. + +Per-layer parameters have the receiver's KV geometry: + k[i], v[i]: (1, n_kv_heads, prefix_len, head_dim) +For Qwen 2.5-3B: n_layers=36, n_kv_heads=2, head_dim=128; prefix_len (P) = 64. + +Only these prefix tensors are trainable; the receiver stays frozen. At decode +time `to_dynamic_cache` yields a `transformers.DynamicCache` usable as the +augmentation prefix in `decode.py`. +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +from pathlib import Path +from typing import Any + +import torch +import torch.nn as nn + + +class KVPrefixCartridge(nn.Module): + def __init__( + self, + n_layers: int, + n_kv_heads: int, + prefix_len: int, + head_dim: int, + *, + dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float32, + init_std: float = 0.02, + ) -> None: + super().__init__() + self.n_layers = n_layers + self.n_kv_heads = n_kv_heads + self.prefix_len = prefix_len + self.head_dim = head_dim + self._dtype = dtype + + shape = (1, n_kv_heads, prefix_len, head_dim) + self.k = nn.ParameterList( + [nn.Parameter(torch.randn(shape, dtype=dtype) * init_std) for _ in range(n_layers)] + ) + self.v = nn.ParameterList( + [nn.Parameter(torch.randn(shape, dtype=dtype) * init_std) for _ in range(n_layers)] + ) + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + @classmethod + def for_model( + cls, + model: torch.nn.Module, + *, + prefix_len: int = 64, + dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float32, + ) -> "KVPrefixCartridge": + """Build a cartridge whose KV geometry matches `model`'s attention config.""" + cfg = model.config + n_layers = int(cfg.num_hidden_layers) + n_kv_heads = int(getattr(cfg, "num_key_value_heads", cfg.num_attention_heads)) + head_dim = int( + getattr(cfg, "head_dim", cfg.hidden_size // cfg.num_attention_heads) + ) + return cls( + n_layers=n_layers, n_kv_heads=n_kv_heads, + prefix_len=prefix_len, head_dim=head_dim, dtype=dtype, + ) + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + @torch.no_grad() + def init_from_extracted_kv(self, flat: dict[str, torch.Tensor]) -> None: + """Warm-start the prefix from a bucket's real extracted KV (the flat + dict produced by `kv_extract.extract_bucket_kv`). + + Copies the first `prefix_len` positions of each layer's K/V. If the + bucket is shorter than `prefix_len`, copies what exists and leaves the + remaining (random-init) positions as trainable slack. + """ + for i in range(self.n_layers): + self._copy_prefix(self.k[i], flat[f"layer_{i}_K"]) + self._copy_prefix(self.v[i], flat[f"layer_{i}_V"]) + + def _copy_prefix(self, param: nn.Parameter, src: torch.Tensor) -> None: + # src: (1, n_kv_heads, T, head_dim) + seq_len = src.shape[2] + n = min(seq_len, self.prefix_len) + param.data[:, :, :n, :] = src[:, :, :n, :].to(dtype=param.dtype, device=param.device) + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + def to_dynamic_cache(self, device: torch.device, dtype: torch.dtype | None = None) -> Any: + """Build a DynamicCache holding the trainable prefix (grad-preserving).""" + from transformers.cache_utils import DynamicCache + + cache = DynamicCache() + for i in range(self.n_layers): + k = self.k[i].to(device=device) + v = self.v[i].to(device=device) + if dtype is not None: + k = k.to(dtype=dtype) + v = v.to(dtype=dtype) + cache.update(k, v, layer_idx=i) + return cache + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + def save(self, path: str | Path) -> None: + from safetensors.torch import save_file + + flat: dict[str, torch.Tensor] = {} + for i in range(self.n_layers): + flat[f"k_{i}"] = self.k[i].detach().cpu().contiguous() + flat[f"v_{i}"] = self.v[i].detach().cpu().contiguous() + meta = { + "n_layers": str(self.n_layers), + "n_kv_heads": str(self.n_kv_heads), + "prefix_len": str(self.prefix_len), + "head_dim": str(self.head_dim), + } + save_file(flat, str(path), metadata=meta) + + @staticmethod + def read_geometry(path: str | Path) -> dict[str, int]: + """Return the geometry a cartridge file was saved with. + + `PREFIX_LEN = 128` is duplicated in cm_distill_buckets.py and + cm_eval_cartridge.py under reciprocal "MUST match" comments — the manual + cross-file invariant this class's own load() docstring calls "a question + of when, not if". Callers should read the geometry off the file instead + of restating it, which also lets one eval handle cartridges trained at + different P. + + Raises ValueError if the file carries no geometry metadata: guessing is + exactly the silent-corruption path load() exists to prevent. + """ + from safetensors import safe_open + + with safe_open(str(path), framework="pt") as f: + meta = f.metadata() or {} + keys = ("n_layers", "n_kv_heads", "prefix_len", "head_dim") + missing = [k for k in keys if k not in meta] + if missing: + raise ValueError( + f"{path} has no geometry metadata ({missing} absent). It predates " + f"metadata-writing saves; re-save it or construct the cartridge " + f"explicitly rather than inferring its shape." + ) + return {k: int(meta[k]) for k in keys} + + def load(self, path: str | Path) -> None: + """Load a saved cartridge, refusing any geometry that isn't an exact match. + + The validation is not optional politeness. `Tensor.copy_` broadcasts, so a + file saved with n_kv_heads=1 loads into a 2-head cartridge *silently*, + duplicating head 0 across both heads and corrupting the prefix with no + error. A file with more layers than this object silently loads a prefix of + them. libucks runs two receiver geometries (Qwen2.5-3B: 36 layers/2 heads; + Qwen2.5-0.5B: 24 layers) and PREFIX_LEN is duplicated across scripts under a + "MUST match" comment, so a mismatch is a question of when, not if. + + `save` has always written the geometry as safetensors metadata; this reads + it. Files without metadata fall back to per-tensor shape comparison. + """ + from safetensors import safe_open + from safetensors.torch import load_file + + path = Path(path) + with safe_open(str(path), framework="pt") as f: + meta = f.metadata() or {} + + expected = { + "n_layers": self.n_layers, + "n_kv_heads": self.n_kv_heads, + "prefix_len": self.prefix_len, + "head_dim": self.head_dim, + } + mismatches = [ + f"{field}: this cartridge is {want}, file has {meta[field]}" + for field, want in expected.items() + if meta.get(field) is not None and int(meta[field]) != want + ] + if mismatches: + raise ValueError( + f"cartridge geometry mismatch loading {path.name} — " + + "; ".join(mismatches) + + ". Refusing to load: copy_ would broadcast or partially fill " + "and corrupt the prefix silently." + ) + + flat = load_file(str(path)) + + n_in_file = sum(1 for key in flat if key.startswith("k_")) + if n_in_file != self.n_layers: + raise ValueError( + f"cartridge geometry mismatch loading {path.name} — n_layers: " + f"this cartridge is {self.n_layers}, file has {n_in_file}." + ) + + for i in range(self.n_layers): + for kind, params in (("k", self.k), ("v", self.v)): + src = flat.get(f"{kind}_{i}") + if src is None: + raise ValueError( + f"cartridge file {path.name} is missing tensor {kind}_{i} " + f"(n_layers: this cartridge is {self.n_layers})." + ) + if tuple(src.shape) != tuple(params[i].shape): + raise ValueError( + f"cartridge geometry mismatch loading {path.name} — " + f"{kind}_{i}: this cartridge is {tuple(params[i].shape)}, " + f"file has {tuple(src.shape)}." + ) + + with torch.no_grad(): + for i in range(self.n_layers): + self.k[i].data.copy_(flat[f"k_{i}"].to(self.k[i].dtype)) + self.v[i].data.copy_(flat[f"v_{i}"].to(self.v[i].dtype)) diff --git a/libucks/cache_augmentation/cartridge_edit.py b/libucks/cache_augmentation/cartridge_edit.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af231c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/libucks/cache_augmentation/cartridge_edit.py @@ -0,0 +1,387 @@ +"""CM-B Stage 1 — repairing a stale cartridge instead of rebuilding it. + +A cartridge is distilled once from a bucket's corpus. When a commit changes +that corpus the cartridge is stale, and today the only remedy is to throw it +away and re-distill — measured at ~7,200 s per bucket. Cartridges at Scale +(arXiv 2606.04557) states the same gap in its own words ("updating or adding a +single document requires re-encoding the entire KV cache") and does not solve +it. + +Three repair methods, cheapest first: + + continue Warm-start from the existing cartridge and retrain only on the + queries whose teacher answer actually changed. Every parameter + stays trainable. The honest baseline — if this already wins, + there is no research result, only good engineering. + + slots Retrain only the prefix slots the edit touches, freezing the + rest. THE RESEARCH BET. A cartridge has no index: whatever the + model learned about chunk c3 is smeared across 2.36M numbers + with no map back to source. `init_from_extracted_kv` copies the + first P positions of the bucket's real KV, so a positional + correspondence exists *before* training. Whether any of it + survives distillation is the open question this measures. + + lowrank Freeze the cartridge entirely and learn a small additive + correction. Fallback if `slots` shows no localisation. + +This module deliberately contains no forward passes. Deciding *what* to +retrain is separable from running the training, is where the experiment can +silently produce a meaningless number, and is CPU-testable — so it lives here +and is pinned by tests/unit/test_cartridge_edit.py. The orchestration that +feeds these into CartridgeTrainer lives in scripts/cm_edit_experiment.py. +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +from dataclasses import dataclass, field + +import torch +import torch.nn as nn + +from libucks.cache_augmentation.cartridge import KVPrefixCartridge + +REPAIR_METHODS: tuple[str, ...] = ("continue", "slots", "lowrank") + + +class NoChangeDetected(Exception): + """Raised when an edit moved no teacher answer at all. + + This is the staleness-floor trap, caught early. If nothing changed there is + nothing to repair, and any repair method will report a wonderful cost ratio + for having done no work. docs/cm-b-plan.md pre-commits to reporting that + outcome as *insensitivity*, not as a mechanism — so it must be loud, never + silently folded into a cheap-looking success. + """ + + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Which queries the edit actually disturbed +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +def changed_queries( + old_answers: dict[str, str], + new_answers: dict[str, str], + *, + require_change: bool = False, +) -> list[str]: + """Queries whose teacher answer differs before vs after the edit. + + Only these carry a training signal: for every other query the pre-edit + cartridge is already correct, and retraining on them spends the budget the + experiment is trying to measure. + + Comparison is whitespace-normalised. Greedy decoding is deterministic, but + trailing-newline and indentation jitter still shows up between runs, and + counting that as a change would inflate both the changed set and the repair + cost — biasing the headline number in the wrong direction. + + Queries absent from `new_answers` are ignored: without a post-edit target + there is nothing to distil toward. + + Set `require_change=True` at experiment call sites to turn "the edit did + nothing" into an error instead of a suspiciously cheap success. + """ + def norm(s: str) -> str: + return " ".join(s.split()) + + changed = sorted( + q for q, new in new_answers.items() + if q not in old_answers or norm(old_answers[q]) != norm(new) + ) + + if require_change and not changed: + raise NoChangeDetected( + f"the edit changed none of {len(new_answers)} teacher answers. " + "This is the staleness floor: the cartridge was never disturbed, so " + "any 'repair' measured here is free by construction and the " + "datapoint is uninformative. Use a larger edit, or report this as " + "insensitivity." + ) + return changed + + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Slot selection +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +def slots_for_char_span( + char_start: int, + char_end: int, + total_chars: int, + prefix_len: int, + *, + pad: int = 0, +) -> list[int]: + """Map a character span in the bucket's verbatim onto prefix slots. + + The hypothesis, not a proof of it. `init_from_extracted_kv` warm-starts the + cartridge by copying the first `prefix_len` positions of the bucket's real + extracted KV, so at initialisation slot i holds the KV of source position i. + This function assumes that correspondence still holds after distillation; + Stage 1 exists to find out whether it does. + + `char_end` is EXCLUSIVE, matching Python slice convention: a span landing + exactly on a slot boundary belongs to the preceding slot, so + [100, 200) over 800 chars and 8 slots is slot 1 alone, not slots 1-2. + + The mapping is proportional, not tokeniser-exact. Slot granularity is + coarse — P=128 over a ~4,000-char bucket is ~30 chars per slot — so exact + token offsets would be false precision. + + `pad` widens the result by that many slots on each side, clamped to the + prefix. Default 0, so the function does exactly what its name says. The + experiment should pass pad=1: missing the one slot that mattered would make + slot-localized repair look worse than it is, biasing the measurement + against the hypothesis, and a couple of extra slots costs little. Padding + is opt-in and visible in the caller rather than baked in here, because + every extra slot weakens the "localized" claim and that trade-off should be + a recorded choice, not a default nobody sees. + """ + if total_chars <= 0: + raise ValueError(f"total_chars must be positive, got {total_chars}") + if char_start > char_end: + raise ValueError( + f"char_start ({char_start}) must not exceed char_end ({char_end})" + ) + if prefix_len <= 0: + raise ValueError(f"prefix_len must be positive, got {prefix_len}") + if pad < 0: + raise ValueError(f"pad must be non-negative, got {pad}") + + span = max(0.0, min(1.0, char_start / total_chars)) + end = max(0.0, min(1.0, char_end / total_chars)) + + lo = int(span * prefix_len) + hi = int(end * prefix_len) + # char_end is exclusive: an end exactly on a boundary belongs to the + # preceding slot. + if hi > lo and end * prefix_len == hi: + hi -= 1 + lo = min(lo, prefix_len - 1) + hi = min(max(hi, lo), prefix_len - 1) + + lo = max(0, lo - pad) + hi = min(prefix_len - 1, hi + pad) + return list(range(lo, hi + 1)) + + +@dataclass(frozen=True) +class SlotMask: + """The set of prefix slots a repair is allowed to modify. + + Enforced by zeroing gradients outside the selection after backward and + before `optimizer.step()`. Zeroing gradients rather than detaching keeps + the forward pass identical to an unmasked run, so the KL numbers stay + comparable across methods — the whole point of the comparison. + + Note this is gradient masking, not true freezing: an optimizer with + momentum or weight decay can still nudge a zero-gradient parameter. Use + SGD without momentum, or AdamW with weight_decay=0, for a clean + measurement. test_unmasked_slots_do_not_move_under_an_optimizer_step pins + the guarantee for plain SGD. + """ + + slots: tuple[int, ...] + prefix_len: int + + @property + def n_trainable_slots(self) -> int: + return len(self.slots) + + @property + def fraction(self) -> float: + """Share of the prefix this repair may touch — the cost story.""" + return len(self.slots) / self.prefix_len + + # -- constructors --------------------------------------------------- + + @classmethod + def all_slots(cls, cartridge: KVPrefixCartridge) -> "SlotMask": + """Every slot trainable — equivalent to no masking. The `continue` + baseline, expressed through the same machinery so the two paths differ + in exactly one variable.""" + return cls(tuple(range(cartridge.prefix_len)), cartridge.prefix_len) + + @classmethod + def from_slots(cls, cartridge: KVPrefixCartridge, slots) -> "SlotMask": + chosen = sorted(set(int(s) for s in slots)) + if not chosen: + raise ValueError( + "a SlotMask needs at least one trainable slot; an empty mask is " + "a no-op that would report as a free repair" + ) + bad = [s for s in chosen if not 0 <= s < cartridge.prefix_len] + if bad: + raise ValueError( + f"slot(s) {bad} out of range for prefix_len={cartridge.prefix_len}" + ) + return cls(tuple(chosen), cartridge.prefix_len) + + @classmethod + def from_gradient(cls, cartridge: KVPrefixCartridge, top_k: int) -> "SlotMask": + """Select the slots that actually respond to the changed queries. + + The empirical counterpart to `slots_for_char_span`. Run a backward pass + over the post-edit queries, then call this: it ranks slots by summed + gradient magnitude across every layer and both K and V. If the + positional hypothesis holds, this should agree with the char-span + mapping — and comparing the two IS a result either way. + """ + if top_k <= 0: + raise ValueError(f"top_k must be positive, got {top_k}") + + scores = torch.zeros(cartridge.prefix_len) + seen = False + for i in range(cartridge.n_layers): + for params in (cartridge.k, cartridge.v): + g = params[i].grad + if g is None: + continue + seen = True + # (1, H, P, D) -> (P,) + scores += g.detach().abs().sum(dim=(0, 1, 3)).cpu().float() + if not seen: + raise ValueError( + "no gradients on the cartridge — run a backward pass over the " + "post-edit queries before selecting slots by gradient" + ) + + k = min(top_k, cartridge.prefix_len) + chosen = torch.topk(scores, k).indices.tolist() + return cls(tuple(sorted(int(s) for s in chosen)), cartridge.prefix_len) + + # -- application ---------------------------------------------------- + + def apply(self, cartridge: KVPrefixCartridge) -> None: + """Zero gradients outside the selection. Call after backward, before step.""" + keep = torch.zeros(self.prefix_len, dtype=torch.bool) + keep[list(self.slots)] = True + for i in range(cartridge.n_layers): + for params in (cartridge.k, cartridge.v): + g = params[i].grad + if g is None: + continue + g[:, :, ~keep.to(g.device), :] = 0 + + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Low-rank delta +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +class LowRankDelta(nn.Module): + """A frozen cartridge plus a learned low-rank additive correction. + + Per layer and per tensor: `delta = A @ B` with A (P, r) and B (r, D), + broadcast across heads. Parameter count drops from P*H*D to r*(P+D) per + tensor — at P=128, H=2, D=128, r=4 that is 32,768 -> 1,024, a 32x cut. + + A is zero-initialised and B is random, so the product starts at exactly + zero: the wrapped cartridge is untouched until training begins. A repair + that starts by perturbing the artifact is not measuring repair. + + Initialising BOTH factors to zero would be the obvious way to guarantee a + no-op, and it is a trap: d(AB)/dA = B = 0 and d(AB)/dB = A = 0, so the + delta is stuck at zero forever and "the fallback method didn't help" would + be an artifact of the initialisation. Pinned by + test_becomes_non_zero_once_trained. + """ + + def __init__(self, cartridge: KVPrefixCartridge, rank: int = 4) -> None: + super().__init__() + if rank <= 0: + raise ValueError(f"rank must be positive, got {rank}") + + self.rank = rank + self.n_layers = cartridge.n_layers + self.prefix_len = cartridge.prefix_len + self.head_dim = cartridge.head_dim + self.n_kv_heads = cartridge.n_kv_heads + + # The cartridge is the frozen base; only the factors train. + for p in cartridge.parameters(): + p.requires_grad_(False) + + P, D = cartridge.prefix_len, cartridge.head_dim + + def factors() -> nn.ParameterList: + return nn.ParameterList( + [nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(P, rank)) for _ in range(self.n_layers)] + ) + + def seeds() -> nn.ParameterList: + return nn.ParameterList( + [nn.Parameter(torch.randn(rank, D) * 0.02) for _ in range(self.n_layers)] + ) + + self.k_a, self.k_b = factors(), seeds() + self.v_a, self.v_b = factors(), seeds() + + @property + def n_parameters(self) -> int: + return sum(p.numel() for p in self.parameters()) + + def delta_for_layer(self, i: int) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]: + """Additive corrections (dk, dv), shaped like the cartridge's tensors.""" + dk = (self.k_a[i] @ self.k_b[i]).unsqueeze(0).unsqueeze(0) + dv = (self.v_a[i] @ self.v_b[i]).unsqueeze(0).unsqueeze(0) + shape = (1, self.n_kv_heads, self.prefix_len, self.head_dim) + return dk.expand(shape), dv.expand(shape) + + def apply_to(self, cartridge: KVPrefixCartridge) -> None: + """Fold the learned delta into the cartridge in place, then reset it. + + Used once the repair has converged, so the result is an ordinary + cartridge that any existing loader can read. + """ + with torch.no_grad(): + for i in range(self.n_layers): + dk, dv = self.delta_for_layer(i) + cartridge.k[i].data += dk.to(cartridge.k[i].dtype) + cartridge.v[i].data += dv.to(cartridge.v[i].dtype) + self.k_a[i].zero_() + self.v_a[i].zero_() + + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Result accounting +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +@dataclass +class RepairResult: + """One repair attempt: what it cost and what it bought. + + `final_kl` is KL(repaired ‖ fully-re-distilled) — the primary metric, + chosen because it needs no generation and therefore carries none of the + decode-loop variance that manufactured Phase 4-C's phantom win. + """ + + method: str + seconds: float + n_queries: int + n_trainable_params: int + final_kl: float + kl_history: list[float] = field(default_factory=list) + + def cost_ratio(self, full_redistill_seconds: float) -> float: + """Repair cost as a fraction of a full re-distill. The headline number.""" + if full_redistill_seconds <= 0: + raise ValueError( + "full_redistill_seconds must be positive — without a measured " + f"baseline the cost ratio is meaningless (got {full_redistill_seconds})" + ) + return self.seconds / full_redistill_seconds + + @property + def is_uninformative(self) -> bool: + """True when this row must not be read as a success.""" + return self.n_queries == 0 + + @property + def caveat(self) -> str: + if self.n_queries == 0: + return ( + "no queries changed — the edit did not disturb the cartridge, so " + "this repair was free by construction. Report as insensitivity, " + "not as a result." + ) + return "" diff --git a/libucks/cache_augmentation/coprocessor.py b/libucks/cache_augmentation/coprocessor.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a9a79dd --- /dev/null +++ b/libucks/cache_augmentation/coprocessor.py @@ -0,0 +1,200 @@ +"""Coprocessor — reads a bucket's KV cache + learned soft tokens, emits z. + +Architecture (lightweight variant of DeepMind 2412.17747): + + bucket KV cache (36 layers × 2 KV heads × T × 128, both K and V) + │ + ▼ + flatten per-layer + concat K,V + learned softmax over 36 layers + │ + ▼ + project 512 → 2048 (kv_proj) + │ + ▼ context tokens (T, 2048) + │ + (K=64, 2048) ──► N × CoprocessorBlock ──► z (K=64, 2048) + learnable soft self-attn + cross-attn + tokens + FFN, pre-norm + +This is a per-bucket coprocessor. Multi-bucket fusion (4-C.4) takes +N coprocessor outputs z_b and combines them into z_fused. + +Defaults sized for MPS: ~150-200M params (4 blocks, 8 heads, FFN×2). +DeepMind paper used a full Qwen-3B-shaped coprocessor, which gave +3 +GSM8K points over from-scratch and +5 over LoRA-128. We accept a few +points of ceiling for an order of magnitude less memory. + +Output is in float32 by default for training numerical stability; cast +to receiver dtype at the boundary in decode.py (Phase 4-C.4). +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +from typing import Optional + +import torch +from torch import nn + + +class CoprocessorBlock(nn.Module): + """Pre-norm transformer block: self-attn + cross-attn to bucket context + FFN.""" + + def __init__( + self, + hidden_dim: int = 2048, + n_heads: int = 8, + ffn_mult: int = 2, + dropout: float = 0.0, + ) -> None: + super().__init__() + self.norm_sa = nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim) + self.self_attn = nn.MultiheadAttention( + hidden_dim, n_heads, dropout=dropout, batch_first=True + ) + self.norm_xa = nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim) + self.cross_attn = nn.MultiheadAttention( + hidden_dim, n_heads, dropout=dropout, batch_first=True + ) + self.norm_ffn = nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim) + self.ffn = nn.Sequential( + nn.Linear(hidden_dim, hidden_dim * ffn_mult), + nn.GELU(), + nn.Linear(hidden_dim * ffn_mult, hidden_dim), + ) + + def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, ctx: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: + """ + Args: + x: (B, K, H) — soft tokens through this block + ctx: (B, T, H) — bucket context tokens (one per source position) + Returns: + (B, K, H) + """ + # Self-attn + q = self.norm_sa(x) + sa, _ = self.self_attn(q, q, q, need_weights=False) + x = x + sa + # Cross-attn + q = self.norm_xa(x) + ca, _ = self.cross_attn(q, ctx, ctx, need_weights=False) + x = x + ca + # FFN + q = self.norm_ffn(x) + x = x + self.ffn(q) + return x + + +class Coprocessor(nn.Module): + """Per-bucket coprocessor: bucket KV cache + K soft tokens → z (K, H).""" + + def __init__( + self, + hidden_dim: int = 2048, # matches Qwen 2.5-3B + n_kv_heads: int = 2, # Qwen 2.5-3B GQA + head_dim: int = 128, # Qwen 2.5-3B + n_source_layers: int = 36, # Qwen 2.5-3B + K: int = 64, # soft-prompt budget (matches Phase 4-A) + n_blocks: int = 4, + n_heads: int = 8, + ffn_mult: int = 2, + ) -> None: + super().__init__() + # Per-token feature dim from a single source layer: K + V flattened + # across the 2 KV heads → 2*head_dim + 2*head_dim = 4*head_dim = 512. + per_layer_feat = 2 * n_kv_heads * head_dim + self.hidden_dim = hidden_dim + self.K = K + self.n_source_layers = n_source_layers + self.n_kv_heads = n_kv_heads + self.head_dim = head_dim + + # Learned per-layer blending of the 36 source layers. + self.layer_blend = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(n_source_layers)) + + # Project the per-position context feature to hidden_dim. + self.kv_proj = nn.Linear(per_layer_feat, hidden_dim) + self.norm_ctx = nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim) + + # Learnable soft tokens (K, hidden_dim). + self.soft_tokens = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(K, hidden_dim) * 0.02) + + self.blocks = nn.ModuleList( + [ + CoprocessorBlock(hidden_dim, n_heads, ffn_mult) + for _ in range(n_blocks) + ] + ) + self.norm_out = nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim) + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # Helpers + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + + def _build_context(self, bucket_kv: dict[str, torch.Tensor]) -> torch.Tensor: + """Turn a flat bucket-KV dict into per-position context tokens. + + Input keys: layer__K, layer__V where each tensor has shape + (1, n_kv_heads, T, head_dim). + + Returns: (1, T, hidden_dim) context tensor on the same device as the + coprocessor's parameters. + """ + device = next(self.parameters()).device + compute_dtype = next(self.parameters()).dtype + + # Stack all layers' (K, V) into (n_layers, 1, n_kv_heads, T, head_dim). + keys = [] + values = [] + for i in range(self.n_source_layers): + k = bucket_kv[f"layer_{i}_K"].to(device=device, dtype=compute_dtype) + v = bucket_kv[f"layer_{i}_V"].to(device=device, dtype=compute_dtype) + keys.append(k) + values.append(v) + # (L, 1, H_kv, T, D) + K_stack = torch.stack(keys, dim=0) + V_stack = torch.stack(values, dim=0) + T = K_stack.shape[3] + + # Reshape to (L, 1, T, H_kv * D) for both K and V, then concat → (L, 1, T, 2*H_kv*D). + # transpose to (L, 1, T, H_kv, D) → flatten last two dims. + K_flat = K_stack.transpose(2, 3).reshape(self.n_source_layers, 1, T, -1) + V_flat = V_stack.transpose(2, 3).reshape(self.n_source_layers, 1, T, -1) + per_layer = torch.cat([K_flat, V_flat], dim=-1) # (L, 1, T, 4*D) + + # Learned softmax blending across source layers → (1, T, 4*D). + w = torch.softmax(self.layer_blend, dim=0).view(-1, 1, 1, 1) + blended = (per_layer * w.to(compute_dtype)).sum(dim=0) # (1, T, 4*D) + + # Project to hidden_dim and norm. + ctx = self.kv_proj(blended) + ctx = self.norm_ctx(ctx) + return ctx + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # Forward + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + + def forward(self, bucket_kv: dict[str, torch.Tensor]) -> torch.Tensor: + """ + Args: + bucket_kv: flat dict from kv_extract.extract_bucket_kv — one + bucket's KV cache. + Returns: + z: (1, K, hidden_dim) — the bucket's latent embedding output. + """ + ctx = self._build_context(bucket_kv) # (1, T, H) + + # Soft tokens broadcast to batch dim 1. + compute_dtype = next(self.parameters()).dtype + x = self.soft_tokens.unsqueeze(0).to(compute_dtype) # (1, K, H) + + for block in self.blocks: + x = block(x, ctx) + return self.norm_out(x) + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # Introspection + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + + def param_count(self) -> int: + return sum(p.numel() for p in self.parameters() if p.requires_grad) diff --git a/libucks/cache_augmentation/decode.py b/libucks/cache_augmentation/decode.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bd37cd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/libucks/cache_augmentation/decode.py @@ -0,0 +1,226 @@ +"""Augmented-cache decode — the per-query inference path. + +Per-query flow (when cache_aug is active): + + 1. For each routed bucket: load BucketKVCache(b) from disk → coprocessor(cache_b) + → z_b ∈ ℝ^(1, K=64, 2048) + 2. CrossBucketFusion([z_1, ..., z_k]) → z_fused ∈ ℝ^(1, K=64, 2048) + 3. Frozen receiver forward over `verbatim + query + asst_cue` (text) → C_input + (the standard prompt KV cache, no augmentation) + 4. Frozen receiver forward over z_fused (as inputs_embeds, length K) → C_z + (the "augmentation" KV cache, the slot tokens' contribution to attention) + 5. Concatenate C_input + C_z layer-by-layer into one augmented DynamicCache. + The asst_cue token is the LAST token in C_input, so generation begins from + that position; z_fused is APPENDED, so the receiver sees [text..., z...] + when computing the next-token logits. + 6. model.generate(input_ids=, past_key_values=C_aug, ...). + +Architectural rule: this module is the only place that constructs an augmented +cache. It is called exclusively from Translator.synthesize_cache_aug() so the +"Translator is the sole decode point" constraint is preserved. + +NOTE — augmentation order: DeepMind appends z AFTER the input; we follow that. +Some ablations may want z prepended (so attention's causal direction puts the +input as "what z is about"). We keep the appended variant as default; the +prepended variant is a 4-C.6 ablation if needed. +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import sys +from typing import List, Optional + +import torch + +from libucks.cache_augmentation.bucket_kv_cache import BucketKVCache +from libucks.cache_augmentation.coprocessor import Coprocessor +from libucks.cache_augmentation.fusion import CrossBucketFusion + + +def _log(msg: str) -> None: + print(f"[libucks:cache_aug] {msg}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True) + + +@torch.no_grad() +def build_z_fused( + coprocessor: Coprocessor, + fusion: CrossBucketFusion, + bucket_kv_cache: BucketKVCache, + bucket_ids: List[str], + bucket_chunks: dict[str, list], + device: torch.device, +) -> Optional[torch.Tensor]: + """Build z_fused for the routed buckets. + + Args: + coprocessor: the per-bucket Coprocessor. + fusion: the multi-bucket fusion block. + bucket_kv_cache: disk-backed cache; we read each bucket's flat KV from it. + bucket_ids: top-k routed bucket ids (ordered). + bucket_chunks: mapping bucket_id → ChunkMetadata list, used for + cache freshness check (signature comparison). + device: target device for the fusion forward. + + Returns: + z_fused ∈ ℝ^(1, K, hidden_dim) on `device`, or None if no bucket + has a fresh cache available (caller should fall back). + """ + bucket_z: List[torch.Tensor] = [] + for bid in bucket_ids: + chunks = bucket_chunks.get(bid, []) + flat = bucket_kv_cache.load(bid, chunks, device="cpu") + if flat is None: + _log(f"build_z_fused: bucket={bid[:10]} cache miss; skipping") + continue + z_b = coprocessor(flat) # (1, K, hidden_dim) + bucket_z.append(z_b.to(device)) + + if not bucket_z: + _log("build_z_fused: no fresh caches; returning None") + return None + + z_fused = fusion(bucket_z) # (1, K, hidden_dim) + return z_fused + + +@torch.no_grad() +def augmented_decode( + base_model, + tokenizer, + z_fused: torch.Tensor, + query: str, + verbatim: str = "", + *, + max_new_tokens: int = 120, + asst_cue: str = " The answer:", + # Phase 4-C.6 salvage: Cold Stop entropy gate (Soft Thinking §3.3 adapted). + # When the receiver's logit entropy stays above `cold_stop_entropy` for + # `cold_stop_consecutive` consecutive generated tokens, stop. The cache-aug + # failure mode is HIGH-entropy random vocab fragments; this cuts the garbage + # tail while keeping the (rare) topical prefix. Set entropy threshold to + # `None` to disable. Threshold ~4.0 ≈ uniform over ~55 tokens. + cold_stop_entropy: float | None = 4.0, + cold_stop_consecutive: int = 3, +) -> str: + """Run the receiver decode with z_fused appended into its KV cache. + + Args: + base_model: frozen Qwen 2.5-3B. + tokenizer: matching tokenizer. + z_fused: (1, K, hidden_dim) the fused soft prompt to inject. + query: the user query (text). + verbatim: optional source code prepended to the prompt for hybrid mode. + max_new_tokens: generation budget. + asst_cue: a short "answer cue" text appended after the query before + generation, mirroring the existing Translator's framing. + + Returns: + Decoded text (continuation only — prompt tokens stripped). + """ + device = next(base_model.parameters()).device + receiver_dtype = next(base_model.parameters()).dtype + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # Stage 1: build C_input — the standard prompt KV (no augmentation). + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + prompt_parts = [] + if verbatim: + prompt_parts.append(verbatim.strip()) + prompt_parts.append(f"Question: {query.strip()}") + prompt_parts.append(asst_cue.strip()) + prompt = "\n\n".join(prompt_parts) + + enc = tokenizer( + prompt, + return_tensors="pt", + truncation=True, + max_length=3500, + ).to(device) + input_ids = enc["input_ids"] + + out = base_model( + input_ids=input_ids, + use_cache=True, + ) + cache_input = out.past_key_values # DynamicCache + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # Stage 2: build C_z — the augmentation KV (from z_fused embeddings). + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # Cast z_fused to receiver dtype + device. + z = z_fused.to(device=device, dtype=receiver_dtype) + # Run a separate forward over z as inputs_embeds to derive its KV. + # We do NOT chain past_key_values=cache_input here on purpose — we want + # the z forward to be conditioned on its own causal context only; appending + # to the input cache happens after. + out_z = base_model( + inputs_embeds=z, + use_cache=True, + ) + cache_z = out_z.past_key_values + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # Stage 3: concatenate cache_input + cache_z layer-by-layer. + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + from transformers.cache_utils import DynamicCache + + aug_cache = DynamicCache() + n_layers = len(cache_input.layers) + for i in range(n_layers): + k_in = cache_input.layers[i].keys + v_in = cache_input.layers[i].values + k_z = cache_z.layers[i].keys + v_z = cache_z.layers[i].values + # Concat along the seq_len dim (dim=2): (B, H_kv, T_in + T_z, D) + k_cat = torch.cat([k_in, k_z], dim=2) + v_cat = torch.cat([v_in, v_z], dim=2) + aug_cache.update(k_cat, v_cat, layer_idx=i) + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # Stage 4: manual greedy decode with optional Cold Stop entropy gate. + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # We replace model.generate with a per-token loop so we can monitor + # logit entropy at each step (Soft Thinking §3.3 Cold Stop adapted). + # Seed: feed the last input token; subsequent tokens are appended via + # past_key_values updates returned by each forward. + import torch.nn.functional as F + + cache = aug_cache + current_token = input_ids[:, -1:].to(device) # (1, 1) + generated_ids: list[int] = [] + eos_id = tokenizer.eos_token_id + high_entropy_streak = 0 + cold_stop_triggered = False + + for step in range(max_new_tokens): + out = base_model( + input_ids=current_token, + past_key_values=cache, + use_cache=True, + ) + cache = out.past_key_values + logits = out.logits[0, -1, :].float() # (V,) + + # Cold Stop: per-token entropy on the next-token distribution. + if cold_stop_entropy is not None: + probs = F.softmax(logits, dim=-1) + entropy = -(probs * (probs + 1e-10).log()).sum().item() + if entropy > cold_stop_entropy: + high_entropy_streak += 1 + if high_entropy_streak >= cold_stop_consecutive: + cold_stop_triggered = True + break + else: + high_entropy_streak = 0 + + next_id = int(logits.argmax().item()) + if next_id == eos_id: + break + generated_ids.append(next_id) + current_token = torch.tensor([[next_id]], dtype=torch.long, device=device) + + text = tokenizer.decode(generated_ids, skip_special_tokens=True).strip() + _log( + f"augmented_decode: {len(generated_ids)} new tokens, {len(text)} chars" + + (f" (cold-stopped at step {step})" if cold_stop_triggered else "") + ) + return text diff --git a/libucks/cache_augmentation/fusion.py b/libucks/cache_augmentation/fusion.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c708ff1 --- /dev/null +++ b/libucks/cache_augmentation/fusion.py @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +"""CrossBucketFusion — combine N per-bucket coprocessor outputs into z_fused. + +This is libucks's multi-agent extension to DeepMind's single-context cache +augmentation. Each bucket's `Coprocessor` produces z_b of shape (1, K=64, +hidden_dim=2048); the router picks top_k buckets (default 3); this module +fuses {z_1, ..., z_k} into a single z_fused of the same shape. + +Architecture (intentionally simpler than the existing CommunicationAdapter): + 1. Stack: concat z_b tensors along token dim → (1, N*K, hidden_dim) context + 2. Output queries: K learnable slot tokens (the fusion's "what to extract") + 3. N transformer blocks: self-attn among output queries + cross-attn to the + N*K context tokens + FFN. Each output query can attend to any token in + any bucket — no per-bucket masking — which is the whole point of fusion. + 4. Output norm → z_fused (1, K, hidden_dim) + +We do NOT warm-start from the existing adapter.pt because the input shape is +fundamentally different (the old adapter pools each Librarian rep across L_i +positions then operates on N pooled summaries; here each bucket's output is +already a K-position structured sequence whose per-slot identity is meaningful +and should NOT be collapsed). Training from scratch is the correct choice. +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +from typing import List + +import torch +from torch import nn + +from libucks.cache_augmentation.coprocessor import CoprocessorBlock + + +class CrossBucketFusion(nn.Module): + def __init__( + self, + hidden_dim: int = 2048, + K: int = 64, + n_blocks: int = 2, + n_heads: int = 8, + ffn_mult: int = 2, + ) -> None: + super().__init__() + self.hidden_dim = hidden_dim + self.K = K + + # Output queries — slot identities for the final K-token z_fused. + self.output_queries = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(1, K, hidden_dim) * 0.02) + + # Reuse the coprocessor block: self-attn + cross-attn + FFN. + self.blocks = nn.ModuleList( + [ + CoprocessorBlock(hidden_dim, n_heads, ffn_mult) + for _ in range(n_blocks) + ] + ) + self.norm_out = nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim) + + def forward(self, bucket_z: List[torch.Tensor]) -> torch.Tensor: + """ + Args: + bucket_z: list of N tensors, each shape (1, K, hidden_dim). + Order is the routed-bucket order (top-k by routing score). + + Returns: + z_fused: (1, K, hidden_dim) — the final soft prompt that will + be appended into the receiver's KV cache at decode time. + """ + if not bucket_z: + raise ValueError("bucket_z must be non-empty") + + # Stack across buckets → context (1, N*K, hidden_dim). + # Each bucket's K tokens are concatenated as separate positions; the + # cross-attention then sees all N*K positions and can route attention + # to whichever bucket-and-slot is most relevant per output query. + ctx = torch.cat(bucket_z, dim=1) + + # Output queries flow through the fusion blocks attending to the + # concatenated bucket context. + compute_dtype = next(self.parameters()).dtype + x = self.output_queries.to(compute_dtype) + # Match ctx dtype (it could come from a coprocessor in fp32 or bf16). + ctx = ctx.to(compute_dtype) + + for block in self.blocks: + x = block(x, ctx) + return self.norm_out(x) + + def param_count(self) -> int: + return sum(p.numel() for p in self.parameters() if p.requires_grad) diff --git a/libucks/cache_augmentation/kv_extract.py b/libucks/cache_augmentation/kv_extract.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3972a63 --- /dev/null +++ b/libucks/cache_augmentation/kv_extract.py @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ +"""KV cache extraction from a frozen receiver over bucket source text. + +Pipeline: text → tokenize → frozen forward with use_cache=True → captured +past_key_values (DynamicCache in transformers v5.x with .layers list). + +We serialise as a flat tensor dict per bucket: + { + "layer__K": (1, n_kv_heads, T, head_dim) tensor, + "layer__V": (1, n_kv_heads, T, head_dim) tensor, + } + +This is what BucketKVCache.save persists; reconstruction back to a +DynamicCache happens in the augmented-decode path (Phase 4-C.4). +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import sys +from typing import Any + +import torch + + +def _log(msg: str) -> None: + print(f"[libucks:cache_aug] {msg}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True) + + +@torch.no_grad() +def extract_bucket_kv( + model: torch.nn.Module, + tokenizer: Any, + bucket_text: str, + *, + max_tokens: int = 1024, + chunk_tokens: int | None = None, +) -> dict[str, torch.Tensor]: + """Run the frozen receiver forward over bucket text; return a flat tensor + dict of per-layer K and V suitable for safetensors serialisation. + + Args: + model: a frozen HF causal LM (Qwen 2.5-3B in libucks's case). + tokenizer: the matching tokenizer. + bucket_text: text content to encode (typically `_collect_source_text` + output for the bucket — the whole bucket, not positionally + truncated, since cache aug is meant to consume the full bucket + via cross-attention). + max_tokens: truncate inputs at this many tokens to bound storage. + 1024 is conservative for typical buckets; large buckets can be + re-extracted at higher caps later. + chunk_tokens: if set, build the cache incrementally in segments of this + many tokens instead of one forward over everything. Default None + keeps the historical single-forward behaviour for all callers. + + Why it exists: CM-B.0j measured that one 4,599-token forward + permanently caches ~4.5 GB that `torch.mps.empty_cache()` will not + return, making the real requirement 12.3 GB against 7.0 GB of + tensors. It becomes mandatory for query-aware selection, which needs + `attn_implementation='eager'` (transformers 5.4.0 with SDPA returns + `attentions=()` and does not fall back) — and eager attention over + 4,599 tokens materialises a (1, heads, 4599, 4599) matrix per layer. + + Causal attention makes the RESULT equivalent, but not bitwise: the + matmul shapes differ, so accumulation order does too. Expect + agreement to ~1e-3, and accept that a greedy decode can flip on a + near-tie. See tests/unit/test_chunked_extract.py. + + Returns: + {"layer_0_K": ..., "layer_0_V": ..., ..., "layer__V": ..., + "_meta_seq_len": scalar tensor, "_meta_n_layers": scalar tensor}. + Tensors are detached, on CPU, in the model's compute dtype. + """ + device = next(model.parameters()).device + enc = tokenizer( + bucket_text, + return_tensors="pt", + truncation=True, + max_length=max_tokens, + ) + input_ids = enc["input_ids"].to(device) + attention_mask = enc["attention_mask"].to(device) + + if chunk_tokens is not None and chunk_tokens <= 0: + raise ValueError(f"chunk_tokens must be positive, got {chunk_tokens}") + + total = int(input_ids.shape[1]) + if chunk_tokens is None or chunk_tokens >= total: + # One forward. `chunk_tokens >= total` takes this path deliberately so a + # generous chunk size is bit-identical to not chunking at all, rather than + # paying accumulation-order drift for a segmentation that never splits. + out = model( + input_ids=input_ids, + attention_mask=attention_mask, + use_cache=True, + ) + pkv = out.past_key_values # DynamicCache in transformers v5.x + else: + starts = list(range(0, total, chunk_tokens)) + # Never emit a final piece of a single token. It is wasteful, and on + # transformers 5.4.0 it is a hard crash for GPT-2: a 1-token continuation + # forward against a 199-position cache SIGBUSes, reproducibly, in a + # minimal repro with no libucks code involved. Verified shape-specific — + # cache+piece of 198+2, 196+4 and 150+50 all pass in the same process + # size, only +1 dies. Folding the tail into the previous segment sidesteps + # it and is the better chunking anyway. + if len(starts) > 1 and total - starts[-1] < 2: + starts.pop() + + pkv = None + for i, start in enumerate(starts): + end = starts[i + 1] if i + 1 < len(starts) else total + piece = input_ids[:, start:end] + # The mask must cover everything cached SO FAR plus this piece, or the + # segment cannot attend to its own history and the cache silently + # becomes a sequence of independent windows. + mask = attention_mask[:, :end] + out = model( + input_ids=piece, + past_key_values=pkv, + attention_mask=mask, + use_cache=True, + ) + pkv = out.past_key_values + del out + + if not hasattr(pkv, "layers"): + raise RuntimeError( + f"Unsupported past_key_values type {type(pkv).__name__}; " + "expected DynamicCache with .layers attribute (transformers v5.x)." + ) + + flat: dict[str, torch.Tensor] = {} + for i, layer in enumerate(pkv.layers): + # Detach + move to CPU before storage. Keep compute dtype (bf16 + # typically); we'll quantise to int8 in a follow-up if storage + # is the bottleneck. + flat[f"layer_{i}_K"] = layer.keys.detach().cpu().contiguous() + flat[f"layer_{i}_V"] = layer.values.detach().cpu().contiguous() + + seq_len = int(input_ids.shape[1]) + flat["_meta_seq_len"] = torch.tensor([seq_len], dtype=torch.int32) + flat["_meta_n_layers"] = torch.tensor([len(pkv.layers)], dtype=torch.int32) + _log( + f"extract: seq_len={seq_len} layers={len(pkv.layers)} " + f"per_layer_K_shape={tuple(pkv.layers[0].keys.shape)} " + f"dtype={pkv.layers[0].keys.dtype}" + ) + return flat + + +def restore_dynamic_cache(flat: dict[str, torch.Tensor], device: torch.device) -> Any: + """Inverse of extract_bucket_kv: rebuild a DynamicCache from the flat dict. + + Returns a transformers.cache_utils.DynamicCache that can be passed via + past_key_values= to a subsequent model.generate or model.forward call. + """ + from transformers.cache_utils import DynamicCache + + n_layers = int(flat["_meta_n_layers"].item()) + cache = DynamicCache() + # DynamicCache.update(key_states, value_states, layer_idx) is the + # documented API for filling layers; it auto-initialises a new + # DynamicLayer at the given index. + for i in range(n_layers): + k = flat[f"layer_{i}_K"].to(device) + v = flat[f"layer_{i}_V"].to(device) + cache.update(k, v, layer_idx=i) + return cache diff --git a/libucks/central_agent.py b/libucks/central_agent.py index 41446ea..7fe2b5c 100644 --- a/libucks/central_agent.py +++ b/libucks/central_agent.py @@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import BucketRegistry if TYPE_CHECKING: + from libucks.chunk_retriever import ChunkRetriever from libucks.librarian import Librarian log = structlog.get_logger(__name__) @@ -49,10 +50,12 @@ def __init__( registry: BucketRegistry, config: Config, embed_fn: Optional[Callable[[str], np.ndarray]] = None, + chunk_retriever: Optional["ChunkRetriever"] = None, ) -> None: self._registry = registry self._config = config self._embed_fn = embed_fn + self._chunk_retriever = chunk_retriever self._diff_queue: asyncio.Queue[DiffEvent] = asyncio.Queue() self.create_bucket_queue: asyncio.Queue[CreateBucketEvent] = asyncio.Queue() @@ -76,7 +79,15 @@ def unregister_librarian(self, bucket_id: str) -> None: # ------------------------------------------------------------------ def route(self, query_embedding: np.ndarray, top_k: int) -> List[str]: - """Return up to top_k bucket_ids by cosine similarity descending.""" + """Return up to top_k bucket_ids by cosine similarity descending. + + Default = centroid cos. If a ChunkRetriever is injected, the routing + becomes: centroid pre-filter to top-(2k) buckets, then re-rank by + max chunk-cos within each candidate. Per-bucket aggregation is MAX + (not mean) — a bucket containing one highly relevant chunk should + outrank a bucket whose centroid is closer to the query average but + whose chunks are all off-topic. + """ centroids = self._registry.get_all_centroids() if not centroids: return [] @@ -84,8 +95,20 @@ def route(self, query_embedding: np.ndarray, top_k: int) -> List[str]: matrix = np.stack([centroids[bid] for bid in bucket_ids]) # (N, dim) similarities = matrix @ query_embedding # (N,) k = min(top_k, len(bucket_ids)) - top_indices = np.argsort(similarities)[::-1][:k] - return [bucket_ids[int(i)] for i in top_indices] + + if self._chunk_retriever is None: + top_indices = np.argsort(similarities)[::-1][:k] + return [bucket_ids[int(i)] for i in top_indices] + + pre_k = min(2 * k, len(bucket_ids)) + pre_indices = np.argsort(similarities)[::-1][:pre_k] + candidates = [bucket_ids[int(i)] for i in pre_indices] + scored = [ + (bid, self._chunk_retriever.max_chunk_score(bid, query_embedding)) + for bid in candidates + ] + scored.sort(key=lambda t: t[1], reverse=True) + return [bid for bid, _ in scored[:k]] def is_novel(self, query_embedding: np.ndarray) -> bool: """True if max cosine similarity < (1 - novelty_threshold).""" @@ -157,9 +180,29 @@ async def _handle_added(self, hunk: DiffHunk) -> None: content = "\n".join(hunk.added_lines) embedding = self._embed(content) - if self.is_novel(embedding): - log.info("central_agent.novel_diff", lines=len(hunk.added_lines)) - await self.create_bucket_queue.put(CreateBucketEvent(seed_content=content)) + # Spawn a new bucket only for substantial novel subjects. Small novel + # diffs route to the nearest existing bucket; HealthMonitor's coherence + # mitosis splits things later if pressure builds. Prevents one-file + # buckets that fragment the index. + est_tokens = max(1, int(len(content) * 0.25)) + if ( + est_tokens >= self._config.routing.min_bucket_seed_tokens + and self.is_novel(embedding) + ): + log.info( + "central_agent.novel_diff", + lines=len(hunk.added_lines), + tokens=est_tokens, + file=hunk.file, + ) + await self.create_bucket_queue.put( + CreateBucketEvent( + seed_content=content, + source_file=hunk.file, + start_line=hunk.new_start, + end_line=hunk.new_end, + ) + ) return top = self.route(embedding, top_k=1) diff --git a/libucks/chunk_retriever.py b/libucks/chunk_retriever.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2743299 --- /dev/null +++ b/libucks/chunk_retriever.py @@ -0,0 +1,177 @@ +"""Per-chunk embedding cache + query-time scoring (Phase 3-B). + +Embeds each ChunkMetadata's content with the same sentence-transformer as +bucket centroids, caches on disk per bucket, and exposes: + - score_chunks(bucket_id, q) → [(meta, cos)] sorted desc — used by + Translator._gather_verbatim to pick chunks by query relevance. + - max_chunk_score(bucket_id, q) → float — used by CentralAgent.route to + rerank a centroid-pre-filtered candidate set by best-chunk-cos. + +Cache layout: + /.libucks/chunk_emb_cache/.pt +A single pickle per bucket, structure: + {chunk_id: {"git_sha": str, "embedding": np.ndarray(float32, L2-norm)}} +Entries are refreshed when meta.git_sha differs from the cached value +(i.e. chunk content changed since last embed). Stale entries are pruned. +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +from pathlib import Path +from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple + +import numpy as np +import structlog +import torch + +from libucks.embeddings.embedding_service import EmbeddingService +from libucks.models.chunk import ChunkMetadata +from libucks.storage.bucket_store import BucketStore + +log = structlog.get_logger(__name__) + + +def _read_chunk_content(meta: ChunkMetadata) -> str: + """Read lines [start_line, end_line] from the chunk's source file. + + CONTENT variant — returns "" when the file is unreadable, because this text + is shown to a model or a user as source code and a bare path masquerading + as file content is a hallucination source. Every caller already skips + falsy content. + + Deliberately NOT the same as the GEOMETRY variant in mitosis.py (shared by + merging_service and health_monitor), which falls back to the path so that + dead chunks do not all collapse onto one degenerate embedding. See + tests/unit/test_read_chunk_content_families.py before unifying these. + """ + try: + lines = Path(meta.source_file).read_text(errors="replace").splitlines() + return "\n".join(lines[meta.start_line - 1 : meta.end_line]) + except OSError: + return "" + + +class ChunkRetriever: + def __init__( + self, + cache_dir: Path, + embedder: EmbeddingService, + store: BucketStore, + ) -> None: + self._cache_dir = Path(cache_dir) + self._cache_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + self._embedder = embedder + self._store = store + self._mem_cache: Dict[str, Dict[str, Dict[str, object]]] = {} + + def score_chunks( + self, + bucket_id: str, + query_embedding: np.ndarray, + ) -> List[Tuple[ChunkMetadata, float]]: + """Return [(meta, cos)] for this bucket's chunks, descending by cos.""" + chunks = self._chunks_for_bucket(bucket_id) + cache = self._get_or_build(bucket_id, chunks) + q = query_embedding.astype(np.float32) + results: List[Tuple[ChunkMetadata, float]] = [] + for meta in chunks: + entry = cache.get(meta.chunk_id) + if entry is None: + continue + emb = entry["embedding"] + results.append((meta, float(q @ emb))) + results.sort(key=lambda t: t[1], reverse=True) + return results + + def max_chunk_score(self, bucket_id: str, query_embedding: np.ndarray) -> float: + """Return the best chunk-cos for this bucket against the query.""" + scored = self.score_chunks(bucket_id, query_embedding) + return scored[0][1] if scored else 0.0 + + def embeddings_for( + self, + bucket_id: str, + chunks: List[ChunkMetadata], + ) -> Dict[str, np.ndarray]: + """Return {chunk_id: embedding} for *chunks*, embedding only what changed. + + Exposes the (chunk_id, git_sha)-keyed cache to callers that want the + vectors themselves rather than a query score — HealthMonitor's coherence + pass, which previously re-embedded every chunk of every bucket on every + 300s tick. + + Chunks whose source file is unreadable are ABSENT from the result rather + than mapped to a zero vector, because this class is CONTENT-family (see + _read_chunk_content above). Callers that need a geometry-style fallback + must supply it themselves for the missing ids; HealthMonitor does. + """ + cache = self._get_or_build(bucket_id, chunks) + out: Dict[str, np.ndarray] = {} + for meta in chunks: + entry = cache.get(meta.chunk_id) + if entry is not None: + out[meta.chunk_id] = entry["embedding"] # type: ignore[assignment] + return out + + def _chunks_for_bucket(self, bucket_id: str) -> List[ChunkMetadata]: + try: + fm, _ = self._store.read(bucket_id) + except FileNotFoundError: + return [] + return list(fm.chunks) + + def _get_or_build( + self, + bucket_id: str, + chunks: List[ChunkMetadata], + ) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, object]]: + if bucket_id in self._mem_cache: + cached = self._mem_cache[bucket_id] + else: + cached = self._load_from_disk(bucket_id) + + dirty = False + live_ids = set() + for meta in chunks: + live_ids.add(meta.chunk_id) + entry = cached.get(meta.chunk_id) + if entry is not None and entry.get("git_sha") == meta.git_sha: + continue + content = _read_chunk_content(meta) + if not content: + continue + emb = self._embedder.embed(content) + cached[meta.chunk_id] = {"git_sha": meta.git_sha, "embedding": emb} + dirty = True + + for stale in list(cached.keys()): + if stale not in live_ids: + del cached[stale] + dirty = True + + if dirty: + self._save_to_disk(bucket_id, cached) + self._mem_cache[bucket_id] = cached + return cached + + def _load_from_disk(self, bucket_id: str) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, object]]: + path = self._cache_dir / f"{bucket_id}.pt" + if not path.exists(): + return {} + try: + return torch.load(path, weights_only=False) + except Exception as exc: + # Self-healing: an empty dict makes the caller re-embed every chunk + # and overwrite the file. Correct, but silently expensive — a + # permanently corrupt cache re-embeds the whole bucket on every + # single query with no outward sign except latency. + log.warning( + "chunk_retriever.cache_unreadable", + path=str(path), + error=repr(exc), + consequence="re-embedding every chunk in this bucket", + ) + return {} + + def _save_to_disk(self, bucket_id: str, cached: Dict[str, Dict[str, object]]) -> None: + path = self._cache_dir / f"{bucket_id}.pt" + torch.save(cached, path) diff --git a/libucks/config.py b/libucks/config.py index 5501623..8b6b6ca 100644 --- a/libucks/config.py +++ b/libucks/config.py @@ -30,15 +30,62 @@ class ModelConfig: anthropic_model: str = "claude-haiku-4-5-20251001" embedding_model: str = "all-MiniLM-L6-v2" local_model: str = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct" + base_model: str = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B" quantization: str = "none" + bnb_4bit_compute_dtype: str = "float32" device: str = "auto" - strategy: str = "text" + strategy: str = "latent" compression_steps: int = 8 + """INERT — currently has no effect on any code path. + + `LatentCompressor` (thinking/compressor.py) is fully implemented and + trainable via `ContrastiveAdapterTrainer.train_compressor_step`, and + `LatentStrategy` will use one if given (`latent_strategy.py:218`) — but + nothing in production ever constructs one. `thinking/__init__.py:20` builds + `LatentStrategy(mgr)` with no compressor, so this value is read by nobody. + + Do NOT "fix" this by wiring a fresh LatentCompressor in: its query vectors + are random at init, and injecting an untrained cross-attention bottleneck + into the live latent path would corrupt every Representation. It would need + a trained, persisted checkpoint first — there is no save/load path for one. + + Kept because the Phase 11 module and its tests are intact and the feature + may be revived. Documented as dormant rather than deleted.""" + + base_model_dtype: str = "float16" + """Storage dtype for the Base receiver on MPS. float16 is fine for ~0.5B + models; bigger models (1.5B+) may overflow fp16 and produce NaN losses + during LoRA training — set to 'bfloat16' for those. Options: float16, + bfloat16, float32. CUDA/CPU paths ignore this setting (transformers + auto-picks fp32 there).""" + + output_len: int = 32 + """K — number of soft-prompt tokens the CommunicationAdapter emits per + query. Changing this requires retraining adapter.pt and lora_receiver.pt + (the output_queries parameter and downstream LoRA shapes are K-dependent). + Larger K gives the latent path more capacity but quadratically scales + inter-slot attention cost. 32 is the historical default; 64 trades + compute for compression headroom on bigger receivers.""" + + hybrid_retrieval: bool = False + """Enable the verbatim retrieval channel alongside the latent channel. + When True, Translator.synthesize fetches source text from each routed + bucket and concatenates the embeddings before the soft prompt at decode + time. Latent path still does cross-bucket fusion via the + CommunicationAdapter; verbatim grounds identifier-level facts. + + Default False: libucks runs on any repo with latent-only by default; + hybrid is per-repo opt-in via .libucks/config.toml.""" + + hybrid_verbatim_max_chars: int = 3000 + """Total character budget for the verbatim channel, divided evenly across + the top-k routed buckets. 3000 ≈ 750 tokens — under 5% of a 32K context + window.""" def __post_init__(self) -> None: - if self.strategy not in ("text", "latent"): + if self.strategy != "latent": raise ValueError( - f"strategy must be 'text' or 'latent', got {self.strategy!r}" + f"strategy must be 'latent', got {self.strategy!r}" ) if self.quantization not in ("none", "4bit", "8bit"): raise ValueError( @@ -67,11 +114,20 @@ class RoutingConfig: Kept separate from mitosis_threshold so INIT density can be tuned independently of runtime splitting behaviour.""" + min_bucket_seed_tokens: int = 1_500 + """Minimum estimated token count required to spawn a new bucket from novel + runtime content. Smaller diffs are routed to the nearest existing bucket + even when cosine-distant. Buckets are meant to represent solid subjects; + one-file spawns would fragment the index. HealthMonitor's coherence-driven + mitosis is the natural pressure valve once enough material has accumulated + in an existing bucket.""" + def __post_init__(self) -> None: self.novelty_threshold = float(self.novelty_threshold) self.top_k = int(self.top_k) self.mitosis_threshold = int(self.mitosis_threshold) self.init_bucket_size = int(self.init_bucket_size) + self.min_bucket_seed_tokens = int(self.min_bucket_seed_tokens) if not (0.0 < self.novelty_threshold < 1.0): raise ValueError( @@ -88,6 +144,10 @@ def __post_init__(self) -> None: raise ValueError( f"init_bucket_size must be >= 1, got {self.init_bucket_size}" ) + if self.min_bucket_seed_tokens < 1: + raise ValueError( + f"min_bucket_seed_tokens must be >= 1, got {self.min_bucket_seed_tokens}" + ) @dataclass diff --git a/libucks/embeddings/embedding_service.py b/libucks/embeddings/embedding_service.py index 69ff505..61343d8 100644 --- a/libucks/embeddings/embedding_service.py +++ b/libucks/embeddings/embedding_service.py @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class EmbeddingService: _instance: ClassVar[Optional["EmbeddingService"]] = None def __init__(self, model_name: str = _DEFAULT_MODEL) -> None: - self._model = SentenceTransformer(model_name) + self._model = SentenceTransformer(model_name, device="cpu") # ------------------------------------------------------------------ # Singleton access diff --git a/libucks/eval_metrics.py b/libucks/eval_metrics.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..85b3426 --- /dev/null +++ b/libucks/eval_metrics.py @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +"""Grounding metric for the eval harness (Stage 0a). + +`_grounding_score` originally did plain case-insensitive substring matching. That +under-counts: a model answering "0.8" fails a fixture expecting "80%", and one +answering "two" fails a fixture expecting "2". Three of CM-A.2's 18 failures are +that artifact rather than wrong answers. + +The fix is deliberately conservative, because the whole point is to keep old and +new numbers comparable: + + 1. The LITERAL keyword keeps plain substring matching, exactly as before. No + previously-passing fixture can start failing. + 2. ADDED variants match on word boundaries only. Substring matching for + generated variants would be actively wrong — keyword "1" produces variant + "one", and "one" is a substring of "money". + +Rule 1 preserves the metric's known false-positive behaviour (keyword "2" hits +inside "120"). That is intentional: fixing it would move every historical +baseline at the same time as this change, and then neither number would be +interpretable. +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import re + +# Answer length budget for every latent-alone eval arm, defined ONCE. +# +# Two answers generated with different token budgets are not comparable: the +# grounding metric needs >=50% of the keywords to appear, and a shorter answer has +# fewer chances to emit them. cm_eval_cartridge and cm_floor both read this rather +# than restating 64, so a cartridge score and its no-context floor cannot drift +# apart through an edit to one script. This module already owns the shared metric; +# the answer budget is part of the same protocol. +EVAL_MAX_NEW_TOKENS = 64 + +# Word <-> digit for the small integers that realistically appear as fixture +# keywords. Deliberately stops at 20; beyond that, keywords are written as digits. +_WORD_TO_DIGIT = { + "zero": "0", "one": "1", "two": "2", "three": "3", "four": "4", + "five": "5", "six": "6", "seven": "7", "eight": "8", "nine": "9", + "ten": "10", "eleven": "11", "twelve": "12", "thirteen": "13", + "fourteen": "14", "fifteen": "15", "sixteen": "16", "seventeen": "17", + "eighteen": "18", "nineteen": "19", "twenty": "20", +} +_DIGIT_TO_WORD = {v: k for k, v in _WORD_TO_DIGIT.items()} + +_PERCENT_RE = re.compile(r"^(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*%$") +_DECIMAL_RE = re.compile(r"^\d*\.\d+$") +_INTEGER_RE = re.compile(r"^\d+$") + + +def _fmt(value: float) -> str: + """Format a number without float noise: 0.8 -> '0.8', 30.000000004 -> '30'.""" + return f"{value:g}" + + +def keyword_variants(kw: str) -> set[str]: + """Return the lowercased keyword plus any equivalent surface forms. + + >>> sorted(keyword_variants("80%")) + ['0.8', '80%'] + >>> sorted(keyword_variants("two")) + ['2', 'two'] + """ + literal = kw.strip().lower() + out = {literal} + + m = _PERCENT_RE.match(literal) + if m: + out.add(_fmt(float(m.group(1)) / 100.0)) + return out + + if _DECIMAL_RE.match(literal): + out.add(f"{_fmt(float(literal) * 100.0)}%") + return out + + if _INTEGER_RE.match(literal): + word = _DIGIT_TO_WORD.get(str(int(literal))) + if word: + out.add(word) + return out + + digit = _WORD_TO_DIGIT.get(literal) + if digit: + out.add(digit) + + return out + + +def _variant_hit(answer_lower: str, variant: str) -> bool: + """Word-boundary match for a generated variant. + + Boundary-anchored so "one" (variant of "1") does not fire inside "money", + and "0.8" (variant of "80%") does not fire inside "10.85". + """ + return re.search(rf"(? bool: + """True if `kw` — literally, or via an equivalent form — appears in `answer`.""" + answer_lower = answer.lower() + literal = kw.strip().lower() + if literal and literal in answer_lower: + return True + return any( + _variant_hit(answer_lower, v) + for v in keyword_variants(kw) + if v != literal + ) + + +def grounding_score(answer: str, answer_keywords: list[str]) -> bool: + """True when at least 50% of `answer_keywords` are present in `answer`. + + Same threshold and same intent as the original `_grounding_score`; only the + per-keyword matching is widened. + """ + if not answer_keywords: + return False + hits = sum(1 for kw in answer_keywords if keyword_hit(answer, kw)) + return hits >= len(answer_keywords) / 2.0 diff --git a/libucks/git_hook_receiver.py b/libucks/git_hook_receiver.py index f430138..596e82f 100644 --- a/libucks/git_hook_receiver.py +++ b/libucks/git_hook_receiver.py @@ -71,39 +71,94 @@ async def serve_socket(sock_path: Path, on_event: OnEventFn) -> None: # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- _HOOK_EVENTS = ["post-commit", "post-checkout", "post-rewrite"] -_HOOK_LINE = "libucks hook {event} \"$@\" || true" +# Absolute path to the libucks binary is baked in so git's sterile hook shell +# doesn't need the venv on PATH. LIBUCKS_REPO_PATH ensures the correct socket +# is found when the indexed subdirectory differs from the git root. +_HOOK_LINE = "LIBUCKS_REPO_PATH={libucks_path} {libucks_bin} hook {event} \"$@\" || true" -def install_hooks(repo_path: Path) -> list[str]: +def find_git_root(path: Path) -> Path: + """Walk up from *path* until a directory containing ``.git/`` is found. + + Raises RuntimeError if no git root exists above *path*. + """ + current = path.resolve() + while True: + if (current / ".git").exists(): + return current + parent = current.parent + if parent == current: + raise RuntimeError(f"No .git directory found above {path}") + current = parent + + +_LIBUCKS_MARKER = "libucks hook" + + +def install_hooks( + libucks_path: Path, + git_root: Path | None = None, + force: bool = False, + libucks_bin: str | None = None, +) -> tuple[list[str], Path]: """Append libucks trigger lines to .git/hooks/. - Rules: + *libucks_path* is the directory libucks tracks (contains ``.libucks/``). + *git_root* is where ``.git/`` lives; auto-detected by walking up from + *libucks_path* when not supplied. + *force* remove any existing libucks trigger lines first, then + re-install fresh ones (use to fix stale/mismatched hooks). + *libucks_bin* absolute path to the libucks executable; resolved via + ``shutil.which`` when omitted. + + Rules (normal mode): - If the hook file does not exist: create it with a ``#!/bin/sh`` shebang. - If it exists but already contains our trigger: skip (idempotent). - - Always appends — never overwrites existing content. - - Sets executable bit on newly created files. + - Always appends — never overwrites non-libucks content. + - Sets executable bit on every modified file. - Returns the list of hook names that were modified. + Returns ``(modified_hook_names, hooks_dir)``. """ - hooks_dir = repo_path / ".git" / "hooks" + import shutil as _shutil + if libucks_bin is None: + libucks_bin = _shutil.which("libucks") or "libucks" + + if git_root is None: + git_root = find_git_root(libucks_path) + + hooks_dir = git_root / ".git" / "hooks" hooks_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + abs_libucks = libucks_path.resolve() modified: list[str] = [] for event in _HOOK_EVENTS: - trigger = _HOOK_LINE.format(event=event) + trigger = _HOOK_LINE.format( + libucks_path=abs_libucks, libucks_bin=libucks_bin, event=event + ) hook_file = hooks_dir / event if hook_file.exists(): existing = hook_file.read_text() - if trigger in existing: + + if force: + # Strip ALL existing libucks trigger lines (any format/path). + clean_lines = [ + ln for ln in existing.splitlines() + if _LIBUCKS_MARKER not in ln + ] + existing = "\n".join(clean_lines).rstrip("\n") + + elif trigger in existing: log.debug("git_hook_receiver.hook_already_installed", hook_event=event) continue + hook_file.write_text(existing.rstrip("\n") + "\n" + trigger + "\n") else: hook_file.write_text(f"#!/bin/sh\n{trigger}\n") - hook_file.chmod(0o755) + # Always ensure executable — covers both new files and appended existing ones. + hook_file.chmod(0o755) modified.append(event) log.info("git_hook_receiver.hook_installed", hook_event=event, path=str(hook_file)) - return modified + return modified, hooks_dir diff --git a/libucks/health_monitor.py b/libucks/health_monitor.py index f0b1d8e..1033b34 100644 --- a/libucks/health_monitor.py +++ b/libucks/health_monitor.py @@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from libucks.mitosis import _read_chunk_content if TYPE_CHECKING: + from libucks.chunk_retriever import ChunkRetriever from libucks.embeddings.embedding_service import EmbeddingService from libucks.merging_service import MergingService from libucks.mitosis import MitosisService @@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ def __init__( embedder: "EmbeddingService", mitosis_threshold: int = 20_000, interval: int = 300, + chunk_retriever: Optional["ChunkRetriever"] = None, ) -> None: self._registry = registry self._store = store @@ -50,6 +52,9 @@ def __init__( self._embedder = embedder self._mitosis_threshold = mitosis_threshold self._interval = interval + # Optional so existing callers and tests keep working; when absent, + # _chunk_embeddings falls back to the original uncached embed_batch. + self._chunk_retriever = chunk_retriever async def run(self) -> None: """Loop forever, running a health check every *interval* seconds.""" @@ -117,9 +122,8 @@ def _compute_coherence(self, bucket_id: str) -> Optional[float]: if len(chunks) < 2: return 1.0 # a single-chunk bucket is trivially coherent - contents = [_read_chunk_content(c) for c in chunks] try: - embeddings = self._embedder.embed_batch(contents) # (N, D) + embeddings = self._chunk_embeddings(bucket_id, chunks) # (N, D) except Exception as exc: log.warning("health_monitor.embed_failed", bucket_id=bucket_id, error=str(exc)) return None @@ -134,3 +138,43 @@ def _compute_coherence(self, bucket_id: str) -> Optional[float]: centroid /= c_norm return float(np.mean(embeddings @ centroid)) + + def _chunk_embeddings(self, bucket_id: str, chunks: list) -> np.ndarray: + """Return an (N, D) matrix of chunk embeddings, cached where possible. + + This pass runs for every bucket every `interval` seconds forever, so + embedding from scratch each time is the dominant cost of a live server: + on a 159-bucket repo it held a whole performance core busy indefinitely. + ChunkRetriever already keys embeddings by (chunk_id, git_sha), so only + genuinely changed chunks are recomputed. + + Chunks the cache omits — ChunkRetriever is CONTENT-family and drops any + whose source file is unreadable — are embedded here from the GEOMETRY + fallback (the file path), preserving the previous coherence semantics + exactly. Dropping them instead would make a bucket of deleted files look + perfectly coherent and silently suppress a split it should get. + """ + if self._chunk_retriever is None: + return self._embedder.embed_batch([_read_chunk_content(c) for c in chunks]) + + try: + cached = self._chunk_retriever.embeddings_for(bucket_id, chunks) + except Exception as exc: + # A corrupt or unreadable cache must not disable the coherence + # check — that would silently stop all coherence-driven mitosis + # while the size trigger kept working, which looks like "splitting + # just stopped happening" and is near-impossible to diagnose. + log.warning( + "health_monitor.chunk_cache_failed", + bucket_id=bucket_id, + error=repr(exc), + consequence="falling back to uncached embed_batch for this bucket", + ) + return self._embedder.embed_batch([_read_chunk_content(c) for c in chunks]) + rows = [ + cached[c.chunk_id] + if c.chunk_id in cached + else self._embedder.embed(_read_chunk_content(c)) + for c in chunks + ] + return np.stack(rows) diff --git a/libucks/init_orchestrator.py b/libucks/init_orchestrator.py index b9e6ac5..530d9f1 100644 --- a/libucks/init_orchestrator.py +++ b/libucks/init_orchestrator.py @@ -2,12 +2,11 @@ from __future__ import annotations import asyncio -import base64 import hashlib import random import struct from pathlib import Path -from typing import List, Optional, Tuple +from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional import numpy as np import structlog @@ -19,10 +18,14 @@ from libucks.parsing.ast_parser import ASTParser from libucks.parsing.grammar_registry import SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import BucketRegistry +from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import encode_centroid as _encode_centroid from libucks.storage.bucket_store import BucketStore from libucks.thinking.base import ThinkingStrategy from libucks.thinking.context_condenser import ContextCondenser +if TYPE_CHECKING: + from libucks.translator import Translator + log = structlog.get_logger(__name__) # Extensions considered source code (subset of grammar registry support). @@ -66,10 +69,6 @@ def _rough_tokens(text: str) -> int: return max(1, int(len(text) * _TOKENS_PER_CHAR)) -def _encode_centroid(arr: np.ndarray) -> str: - return base64.b64encode(arr.astype(np.float32).tobytes()).decode() - - def _chunk_id(raw: RawChunk) -> str: key = f"{raw.source_file}:{raw.start_line}:{raw.end_line}" return hashlib.sha1(key.encode()).hexdigest()[:12] @@ -113,38 +112,13 @@ def _n_clusters(total_tokens: int, target_tokens: int, n_chunks: int) -> int: return max(1, min(total_tokens // target_tokens, n_chunks)) -def _parse_title_and_prose(response: str, fallback_label: str) -> Tuple[str, str]: - """Parse a TITLE: / --- structured LLM response. - - Expected format:: - - TITLE: <5-10 word aspect title> - --- - - - Falls back to *fallback_label* as the title (and full response as prose) - if the expected structure is not found. - """ - lines = response.strip().splitlines() - title = fallback_label - prose = response.strip() - - for i, line in enumerate(lines): - stripped = line.strip() - if stripped.startswith("TITLE:"): - title = stripped[len("TITLE:"):].strip() - # Find the --- separator following the TITLE line. - for j in range(i + 1, len(lines)): - if lines[j].strip() == "---": - prose = "\n".join(lines[j + 1:]).strip() - break - break - - return title, prose - - class InitOrchestrator: - def __init__(self, repo_path: Path, strategy: Optional[ThinkingStrategy] = None) -> None: + def __init__( + self, + repo_path: Path, + strategy: Optional[ThinkingStrategy] = None, + translator: Optional["Translator"] = None, + ) -> None: self._repo = repo_path.resolve() self._cfg = Config.load(self._repo) bucket_dir = self._repo / self._cfg.paths.bucket_dir @@ -154,6 +128,7 @@ def __init__(self, repo_path: Path, strategy: Optional[ThinkingStrategy] = None) self._parser = ASTParser() self._embedder = EmbeddingService.get_instance(self._cfg.model.embedding_model) self._strategy = strategy + self._translator = translator self._condenser = ContextCondenser() self._aspect_mapper = AspectMapper() self._sem = asyncio.Semaphore(_PROSE_CONCURRENCY) @@ -257,20 +232,18 @@ async def run(self) -> None: # ------------------------------------------------------------------ async def _generate_prose(self, data: dict) -> dict: - """Call strategy.reason() with semaphore + jittered-exponential retry on 429.""" + """Encode the cluster via strategy.reason(), decode via Translator, return prose.""" digest = self._condenser.condense(data["cluster_chunks"], budget_tokens=_CONDENSER_BUDGET) prompt = ( - "Analyze this code and respond in EXACTLY this format:\n" - "TITLE: <5-10 word aspect title>\n" - "---\n" - "<2-3 paragraph summary of what this code does, its main functions, and purpose>" + "Summarize what this code does: its main functions, purpose, and key design decisions. " + "Be concise and technical. 2-3 paragraphs." ) - raw_response: str = "" + latent = None for attempt in range(_MAX_RETRIES): async with self._sem: try: - raw_response = str(await self._strategy.reason(prompt, digest)) + latent = await self._strategy.reason(prompt, digest) break except Exception as exc: is_rate_limit = "429" in str(exc) or "rate_limit" in str(exc).lower() @@ -281,7 +254,6 @@ async def _generate_prose(self, data: dict) -> dict: attempt=attempt, error=str(exc), ) - raw_response = "" break delay = _RETRY_BASE_DELAY * (2 ** attempt) + random.uniform(0, 1) log.warning( @@ -292,7 +264,11 @@ async def _generate_prose(self, data: dict) -> dict: ) await asyncio.sleep(delay) - title, prose = _parse_title_and_prose(raw_response, data["fallback_label"]) + prose = "" + if latent is not None and self._translator is not None: + prose = await self._translator.synthesize("", [latent]) + + title = data["fallback_label"] # Blend title embedding into centroid (α=0.2 title, 0.8 chunk mean). title_embed = self._embedder.embed(title).astype(np.float32) diff --git a/libucks/librarian.py b/libucks/librarian.py index 93a6bf5..d3365a7 100644 --- a/libucks/librarian.py +++ b/libucks/librarian.py @@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations import asyncio -import base64 import hashlib import subprocess from datetime import datetime, timezone @@ -19,6 +18,7 @@ import numpy as np import structlog +from libucks.background_tasks import spawn from libucks.models.chunk import ChunkMetadata from libucks.models.events import ( PathUpdateEvent, @@ -27,22 +27,31 @@ UpdateEvent, ) from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import BucketRegistry +from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import encode_centroid as _encode_centroid from libucks.storage.bucket_store import BucketStore from libucks.thinking.base import Representation, ThinkingStrategy if TYPE_CHECKING: from libucks.embeddings.embedding_service import EmbeddingService from libucks.mitosis import MitosisService + from libucks.translator import Translator log = structlog.get_logger(__name__) -def _encode_centroid(arr: np.ndarray) -> str: - return base64.b64encode(arr.astype(np.float32).tobytes()).decode() - - def _read_chunk_content(meta: ChunkMetadata) -> str: - """Read lines [start_line, end_line] from the chunk's source file.""" + """Read lines [start_line, end_line] from the chunk's source file. + + CONTENT variant — returns "" when the file is unreadable, because this text + is shown to a model or a user as source code and a bare path masquerading + as file content is a hallucination source. Every caller already skips + falsy content. + + Deliberately NOT the same as the GEOMETRY variant in mitosis.py (shared by + merging_service and health_monitor), which falls back to the path so that + dead chunks do not all collapse onto one degenerate embedding. See + tests/unit/test_read_chunk_content_families.py before unifying these. + """ try: lines = Path(meta.source_file).read_text(errors="replace").splitlines() return "\n".join(lines[meta.start_line - 1 : meta.end_line]) @@ -60,6 +69,12 @@ def _collect_source_text(front_matter, max_chars: int = 3000) -> str: continue block = f"# {meta.source_file}\n{content}\n" if total + len(block) > max_chars: + # Slice-on-overflow: a block larger than the remaining budget is + # truncated rather than dropped, so a bucket whose first chunk + # exceeds max_chars still yields text instead of "". + remaining = max_chars - total + if remaining > 0: + parts.append(block[:remaining]) break parts.append(block) total += len(block) @@ -99,6 +114,8 @@ def __init__( mitosis_threshold: int = 20_000, mitosis_service: Optional["MitosisService"] = None, repo_path: Optional[Path] = None, + translator: Optional["Translator"] = None, + chunk_retriever: Optional[object] = None, ) -> None: self.bucket_id = bucket_id self._store = store @@ -108,6 +125,12 @@ def __init__( self._mitosis_threshold = mitosis_threshold self._mitosis_service = mitosis_service self._repo_path = repo_path + self._translator = translator + # Phase 4-C.1.5: when provided + LIBUCKS_LIBRARIAN_QUERY_AWARE=1, + # _handle_query reads the bucket via query-cos chunk rerank rather + # than positional truncation. Fixes the universal-architecture blind + # spot exposed on echoswarm (10-23 chunks per bucket). + self._chunk_retriever = chunk_retriever self.queue: asyncio.Queue[object] = asyncio.Queue() # ------------------------------------------------------------------ @@ -155,7 +178,10 @@ async def _handle_update(self, event: UpdateEvent) -> None: try: result = await self._strategy.reason(prompt, current_prose) - updated_prose = str(result) + if self._translator is not None: + updated_prose = await self._translator.synthesize("", [result]) + else: + updated_prose = current_prose except Exception as exc: log.warning("librarian.update.reason_failed", bucket_id=self.bucket_id, error=str(exc)) updated_prose = current_prose + f"\n\n" @@ -217,7 +243,8 @@ async def _handle_update(self, event: UpdateEvent) -> None: # Check mitosis outside lock. if new_token_count > self._mitosis_threshold and self._mitosis_service: log.info("librarian.mitosis_triggered", bucket_id=self.bucket_id, token_count=new_token_count) - asyncio.ensure_future(self._mitosis_service.split(self.bucket_id)) + spawn(self._mitosis_service.split(self.bucket_id), + name=f"mitosis.split:{self.bucket_id[:8]}") # ------------------------------------------------------------------ # TombstoneEvent @@ -241,14 +268,15 @@ async def _handle_tombstone(self, event: TombstoneEvent) -> None: self._store.write_front_matter(self.bucket_id, front_matter) if surviving: - purged_count = len(front_matter.chunks) - len(surviving) + (len(front_matter.chunks) - len(surviving)) prompt = ( f"Some code has been deleted. Rewrite the summary omitting the deleted concepts. " f"Chunk IDs removed: {event.chunk_ids}" ) try: result = await self._strategy.reason(prompt, current_prose) - self._store.write_prose(self.bucket_id, str(result)) + if self._translator is not None: + new_prose = await self._translator.synthesize("", [result]) + self._store.write_prose(self.bucket_id, new_prose) except Exception as exc: log.warning("librarian.tombstone.reason_failed", bucket_id=self.bucket_id, error=str(exc)) @@ -299,8 +327,10 @@ async def _handle_query(self, event: QueryEvent) -> Representation: except FileNotFoundError: return "" - # Use actual code content (same as training); fall back to prose if unreadable - source_text = _collect_source_text(front_matter, max_chars=3000) or prose + # Phase 4-C.1.5: query-aware chunk selection when the gate is on + # and a ChunkRetriever is wired in. Falls back to positional read + # (preserves Phase 4-A behavior) when either is missing. + source_text = self._select_source_text(event.query, front_matter) or prose log.info("librarian.query", bucket_id=self.bucket_id, query=event.query[:60]) try: @@ -311,3 +341,44 @@ async def _handle_query(self, event: QueryEvent) -> Representation: # Architectural rule: do NOT call decode() here. return result + + def _select_source_text(self, query: str, front_matter, max_chars: int = 3000) -> str: + """Build the encoder input from the bucket's chunks. + + With LIBUCKS_LIBRARIAN_QUERY_AWARE=1 and an injected ChunkRetriever + + embedder, ranks chunks by query-cos and fills the char budget with + the highest-scoring ones first. Otherwise uses the legacy positional + first-N-chars read (preserves Phase 4-A baseline behavior).""" + import os + gated_on = os.environ.get("LIBUCKS_LIBRARIAN_QUERY_AWARE") == "1" + if not gated_on or self._chunk_retriever is None or self._embedder is None: + return _collect_source_text(front_matter, max_chars=max_chars) + + try: + q_emb = self._embedder.embed(query) + except Exception as exc: + log.warning("librarian.query_aware.embed_failed", bucket_id=self.bucket_id, error=str(exc)) + return _collect_source_text(front_matter, max_chars=max_chars) + + try: + scored = self._chunk_retriever.score_chunks(self.bucket_id, q_emb) + except Exception as exc: + log.warning("librarian.query_aware.score_failed", bucket_id=self.bucket_id, error=str(exc)) + return _collect_source_text(front_matter, max_chars=max_chars) + + parts: list[str] = [] + total = 0 + for meta, _score in scored: + content = _read_chunk_content(meta) + if not content: + continue + block = f"# {meta.source_file}\n{content}\n" + if total + len(block) > max_chars: + if not parts: + parts.append(block[:max_chars]) + break + parts.append(block) + total += len(block) + if not parts: + return _collect_source_text(front_matter, max_chars=max_chars) + return "\n---\n\n".join(parts) diff --git a/libucks/mcp_bridge.py b/libucks/mcp_bridge.py index 9b3c560..fe62b04 100644 --- a/libucks/mcp_bridge.py +++ b/libucks/mcp_bridge.py @@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ Tools: libucks_query(query, top_k=3) — query the memory store, returns synthesized answer libucks_status() — bucket count and token totals + (LoRA loaded with r=16 to match lsep_v3 training — see _cli.py:691) """ from __future__ import annotations @@ -21,7 +22,6 @@ import asyncio import logging import sys -import tomllib from pathlib import Path from typing import Any @@ -29,36 +29,29 @@ import mcp.types as types from mcp.server import Server -from libucks.central_agent import CentralAgent +from libucks.background_tasks import spawn from libucks.config import Config -from libucks.diff.diff_extractor import DiffExtractor -from libucks.embeddings.embedding_service import EmbeddingService -from libucks.git_hook_receiver import serve_socket -from libucks.health_monitor import HealthMonitor -from libucks.librarian import Librarian -from libucks.merging_service import MergingService -from libucks.mitosis import MitosisService -from libucks.query_orchestrator import QueryOrchestrator -from libucks.stale_checker import StaleChecker -from libucks.startup_recovery import StartupRecovery from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import BucketRegistry from libucks.storage.bucket_store import BucketStore -from libucks.thinking import create_strategy -from libucks.translator import Translator def _load_repo_path() -> Path: """Return the repository root. Resolution order: - 1. LIBUCKS_REPO_PATH env var — set this in claude_desktop_config.json "env" - to point the server at any repo you want. - 2. Project root inferred from __file__ — reliable fallback that is never + 1. LIBUCKS_REPO_PATH env var — explicit override for CI/scripting. + 2. ~/.libucks/active_repo — written by `libucks use `. + 3. Project root inferred from __file__ — reliable fallback that is never the filesystem root, even when Claude Desktop launches with cwd='/'. """ env_path = os.environ.get("LIBUCKS_REPO_PATH") if env_path: return Path(env_path).expanduser().resolve() + active_repo_file = Path.home() / ".libucks" / "active_repo" + if active_repo_file.exists(): + stored = active_repo_file.read_text().strip() + if stored: + return Path(stored).resolve() # __file__ = libucks/mcp_bridge.py → .parent = libucks/ → .parent = project root return Path(__file__).parent.parent.resolve() @@ -66,6 +59,8 @@ def _load_repo_path() -> Path: async def serve() -> None: # Route ALL logging to stderr — stdout is reserved for MCP JSON-RPC. logging.basicConfig(stream=sys.stderr, level=logging.INFO, force=True) + logging.getLogger("httpx").setLevel(logging.WARNING) + logging.getLogger("sentence_transformers").setLevel(logging.WARNING) import structlog structlog.configure( @@ -85,145 +80,273 @@ async def serve() -> None: bucket_store_dir = repo_path / cfg.paths.bucket_dir print(f"[libucks] repo={repo_path} registry={registry_path} buckets={bucket_store_dir}", file=sys.stderr) + # Lightweight setup — no model loading yet. registry = BucketRegistry(registry_path) registry.load() - store = BucketStore(bucket_store_dir) - # Pre-load the embedding model BEFORE the MCP stdio server starts. - # Temporarily redirect sys.stdout → sys.stderr so any remaining direct - # prints from model loading never reach the MCP pipe. - _real_stdout = sys.stdout - sys.stdout = sys.stderr - try: - embedder = EmbeddingService.get_instance(cfg.model.embedding_model) - finally: - sys.stdout = _real_stdout # restore BEFORE mcp.server.stdio.stdio_server() captures it - strategy = create_strategy(cfg) - - agent = CentralAgent(registry, cfg, embed_fn=embedder.embed) - - librarians: dict[str, Librarian] = {} - for bucket_id in registry.get_all_centroids(): - lib = Librarian( - bucket_id=bucket_id, - store=store, - registry=registry, - strategy=strategy, - embedder=embedder, - mitosis_threshold=cfg.routing.mitosis_threshold, - ) - librarians[bucket_id] = lib - agent.register_librarian(bucket_id, lib) - - adapter = None - if cfg.model.strategy == "latent": - from libucks.thinking.communication_adapter import CommunicationAdapter - import torch - adapter = CommunicationAdapter() - adapter.load_saved_weights(bucket_dir / "adapter.pt") - # dtype must match the model's output dtype. ModelManager loads Qwen in - # float16 on MPS; float32 adapter parameters cause an MPS broadcast error. - adapter = adapter.to(device="mps", dtype=torch.float16) - - translator = Translator(strategy, adapter=adapter) - - # ------------------------------------------------------------------ - # Startup recovery: replay commits that arrived while server was offline. - # ------------------------------------------------------------------ - recovery: StartupRecovery | None = None - try: - extractor = DiffExtractor(repo_path) - recovery = StartupRecovery( - repo_path=repo_path, - registry=registry, - store=store, - librarians=librarians, - extractor=extractor, - ) - current_head = await recovery.run() - if current_head is not None: - registry._meta["last_indexed_head"] = current_head - registry._meta["watcher_pid"] = os.getpid() - registry.save() - print(f"[libucks] startup recovery complete, HEAD={current_head[:8]}", file=sys.stderr) - except Exception as exc: - # Recovery is best-effort — never block server startup. - print(f"[libucks] startup recovery skipped: {exc}", file=sys.stderr) - - # ------------------------------------------------------------------ - # Git hook socket listener (Phase 6-D). - # ------------------------------------------------------------------ - sock_path = bucket_dir / "server.sock" - - async def _on_hook_event(payload: dict) -> None: - """Handle a JSON event from a git hook and trigger background re-index.""" - if recovery is None: - return + # _ready gates call_tool until background loading finishes. + # _state holds the objects produced by _load_heavy(). + # _load_error holds the exception message if loading fails. + _ready: asyncio.Event = asyncio.Event() + _state: dict[str, Any] = {} + _load_error: list[str] = [] + + async def _load_heavy() -> None: + # Redirect stdout → stderr so stray HF prints never reach the MCP pipe. + # This is safe to do inside the background task because mcp.server.stdio + # has already captured the real stdout by the time this runs. + _real_stdout = sys.stdout + sys.stdout = sys.stderr try: - new_head = await recovery.run() - if new_head is not None: - registry._meta["last_indexed_head"] = new_head - registry.save() - print(f"[libucks] hook event '{payload.get('event')}' → re-indexed HEAD={new_head[:8]}", file=sys.stderr) - except Exception as exc: - print(f"[libucks] hook event error: {exc}", file=sys.stderr) - - asyncio.ensure_future(serve_socket(sock_path, _on_hook_event)) - - # ------------------------------------------------------------------ - # HealthMonitor (Phase 6-E/6-F): autonomous quality guardian. - # ------------------------------------------------------------------ - mitosis_svc = MitosisService( - store=store, - registry=registry, - embedder=embedder, - agent=agent, - strategy=strategy, - mitosis_threshold=cfg.routing.mitosis_threshold, - ) - merging_svc = MergingService( - registry=registry, - store=store, - agent=agent, - embedder=embedder, - strategy=strategy, - ) - health_monitor = HealthMonitor( - registry=registry, - store=store, - mitosis_service=mitosis_svc, - merging_service=merging_svc, - embedder=embedder, - mitosis_threshold=cfg.routing.mitosis_threshold, - ) - asyncio.ensure_future(health_monitor.run()) + loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() + + # All imports and synchronous model loading run in a thread executor so + # the event loop stays responsive for MCP handshake messages (initialize, + # list_tools) while the ~25s setup runs in the background. + def _sync_setup(): + from libucks.central_agent import CentralAgent + from libucks.embeddings.embedding_service import EmbeddingService + from libucks.librarian import Librarian + from libucks.thinking import create_strategy + from libucks.translator import Translator + + embedder = EmbeddingService.get_instance(cfg.model.embedding_model) + strategy = create_strategy(cfg) + + if cfg.model.strategy == "latent": + strategy._mgr.load_base_model( + model_id=cfg.model.base_model, + quantization=cfg.model.quantization, + bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=cfg.model.bnb_4bit_compute_dtype, + device=cfg.model.device, + base_model_dtype=cfg.model.base_model_dtype, + ) + print(f"[libucks] base receiver loaded: {cfg.model.base_model}", file=sys.stderr) + + lora_path = bucket_dir / "lora_receiver.pt" + if lora_path.exists(): + import torch + from libucks.thinking.model_manager import ModelManager as _MM + from libucks.thinking.training.lora_trainer import _inject_lora, _LORA_TARGETS + _resolved = _MM._resolve_device(cfg.model.device) + _inject_lora(strategy._mgr.get_base_model(), _LORA_TARGETS, r=16, alpha=16.0) + _lora_state = torch.load(lora_path, map_location=_resolved, weights_only=True) + strategy._mgr.get_base_model().load_state_dict(_lora_state, strict=False) + print(f"[libucks] LoRA receiver weights loaded from {lora_path}", file=sys.stderr) + + from libucks.chunk_retriever import ChunkRetriever + chunk_retriever = ChunkRetriever( + cache_dir=bucket_dir / "chunk_emb_cache", + embedder=embedder, + store=store, + ) + agent = CentralAgent( + registry, cfg, embed_fn=embedder.embed, + chunk_retriever=chunk_retriever, + ) + + # Build the CommunicationAdapter + Translator BEFORE Librarians + # so each Librarian can be given a Translator reference. Without + # it, Librarian._handle_update falls through to the + # `updated_prose = current_prose` branch and prose never updates + # on commit — silently breaking the self-evolving demo loop. + adapter = None + if cfg.model.strategy == "latent": + from libucks.thinking.communication_adapter import CommunicationAdapter + from libucks.thinking.model_manager import ModelManager as _MM + from transformers import AutoConfig as _AC + _adapter_device = _MM._resolve_device(cfg.model.device) + _enc_dim = _AC.from_pretrained(cfg.model.local_model).hidden_size + _base_dim = _AC.from_pretrained(cfg.model.base_model).hidden_size + adapter = CommunicationAdapter(hidden_dim=_enc_dim, output_dim=_base_dim, + output_len=cfg.model.output_len) + adapter.load_saved_weights(bucket_dir / "adapter.pt") + _adapter_dtype = strategy._mgr.get_base_model().dtype + adapter = adapter.to(device=_adapter_device, dtype=_adapter_dtype) + + translator = Translator( + strategy, adapter=adapter, store=store, + hybrid=cfg.model.hybrid_retrieval, + verbatim_max_chars=cfg.model.hybrid_verbatim_max_chars, + chunk_retriever=chunk_retriever, + ) + + librarians: dict[str, Librarian] = {} + for bucket_id in registry.get_all_centroids(): + lib = Librarian( + bucket_id=bucket_id, + store=store, + registry=registry, + strategy=strategy, + embedder=embedder, + mitosis_threshold=cfg.routing.mitosis_threshold, + repo_path=repo_path, + translator=translator, + chunk_retriever=chunk_retriever, + ) + librarians[bucket_id] = lib + agent.register_librarian(bucket_id, lib) + + return (embedder, strategy, agent, librarians, adapter, + translator, chunk_retriever) + + (embedder, strategy, agent, librarians, adapter, translator, + chunk_retriever) = await loop.run_in_executor(None, _sync_setup) + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # Startup recovery: replay commits that arrived while server was offline. + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + from libucks.diff.diff_extractor import DiffExtractor + from libucks.git_hook_receiver import serve_socket + from libucks.health_monitor import HealthMonitor + from libucks.merging_service import MergingService + from libucks.mitosis import MitosisService + from libucks.novel_bucket_service import NovelBucketService + from libucks.query_orchestrator import QueryOrchestrator + from libucks.stale_checker import StaleChecker + from libucks.startup_recovery import StartupRecovery + + recovery: StartupRecovery | None = None + try: + extractor = DiffExtractor(repo_path) + recovery = StartupRecovery( + repo_path=repo_path, + registry=registry, + store=store, + librarians=librarians, + extractor=extractor, + central_agent=agent, + embedder=embedder, + min_bucket_seed_tokens=cfg.routing.min_bucket_seed_tokens, + ) + current_head = await recovery.run() + if current_head is not None: + registry._meta["last_indexed_head"] = current_head + registry._meta["watcher_pid"] = os.getpid() + registry.save() + print(f"[libucks] startup recovery complete, HEAD={current_head[:8]}", file=sys.stderr) + except Exception as exc: + # Recovery is best-effort — never block server startup. + print(f"[libucks] startup recovery skipped: {exc}", file=sys.stderr) + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # Git hook socket listener (Phase 6-D). + # + # Update architecture: git post-commit hook → Unix socket → recovery.run() + # WatchdogService (OS file events) is intentionally NOT started here. + # Updates are driven by git commit boundaries, not every save. This keeps + # bucket state consistent with what is actually committed to the repo. + # WatchdogService is available as an opt-in for non-git directories but is + # not appropriate as the default — triggering on every file write would + # cause partial/uncommitted state to pollute the index. + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + sock_path = bucket_dir / "server.sock" + + async def _on_hook_event(payload: dict) -> None: + if recovery is None: + return + try: + new_head = await recovery.run() + if new_head is not None: + registry._meta["last_indexed_head"] = new_head + registry.save() + print(f"[libucks] hook event '{payload.get('event')}' → re-indexed HEAD={new_head[:8]}", file=sys.stderr) + except Exception as exc: + print(f"[libucks] hook event error: {exc}", file=sys.stderr) + + spawn(serve_socket(sock_path, _on_hook_event), name="git_hook.socket_server") + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # HealthMonitor (Phase 6-E/6-F): autonomous quality guardian. + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + mitosis_svc = MitosisService( + store=store, + registry=registry, + embedder=embedder, + agent=agent, + strategy=strategy, + mitosis_threshold=cfg.routing.mitosis_threshold, + ) + merging_svc = MergingService( + registry=registry, + store=store, + agent=agent, + embedder=embedder, + strategy=strategy, + # Keeps the merge limit strictly below the split threshold, so + # merge and mitosis cannot fight each other every 5 minutes. + mitosis_threshold=cfg.routing.mitosis_threshold, + ) + health_monitor = HealthMonitor( + registry=registry, + store=store, + mitosis_service=mitosis_svc, + merging_service=merging_svc, + embedder=embedder, + mitosis_threshold=cfg.routing.mitosis_threshold, + # Coherence runs over every bucket every `interval` seconds + # forever. Without this the pass re-embeds every chunk in the + # repo each tick — measured at a full performance core on a + # 159-bucket repo. ChunkRetriever caches by (chunk_id, git_sha). + chunk_retriever=chunk_retriever, + ) + spawn(health_monitor.run(), name="health_monitor.run") + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # NovelBucketService: drains CentralAgent.create_bucket_queue and + # spawns new buckets when StartupRecovery (or WatchdogService, if + # opted in) detects substantial novel content. Subjects emerge as + # new buckets here; HealthMonitor splits existing ones from inside. + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + novel_bucket_svc = NovelBucketService( + store=store, + registry=registry, + embedder=embedder, + agent=agent, + strategy=strategy, + translator=translator, + mitosis_threshold=cfg.routing.mitosis_threshold, + repo_path=repo_path, + ) + spawn(novel_bucket_svc.run(), name="novel_bucket_service.run") + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # StaleChecker + reindex callback (Phase 6-C JIT invalidation). + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + stale_checker = StaleChecker(registry=registry, store=store, repo_path=repo_path) + + async def _reindex_stale(stale_bucket_ids: list[str]) -> None: + if recovery is None: + return + try: + new_head = await recovery.run() + if new_head is not None: + registry._meta["last_indexed_head"] = new_head + registry.save() + except Exception as exc: + print(f"[libucks] background reindex error: {exc}", file=sys.stderr) + + orchestrator = QueryOrchestrator( + central_agent=agent, + librarians=librarians, + embed_fn=embedder.embed, + top_k=cfg.routing.top_k, + stale_checker=stale_checker, + reindex_fn=_reindex_stale, + ) - # ------------------------------------------------------------------ - # StaleChecker + reindex callback (Phase 6-C JIT invalidation). - # ------------------------------------------------------------------ - stale_checker = StaleChecker(registry=registry, store=store, repo_path=repo_path) + _state["orchestrator"] = orchestrator + _state["translator"] = translator + _state["embedder"] = embedder + print("[libucks] ready", file=sys.stderr) - async def _reindex_stale(stale_bucket_ids: list[str]) -> None: - """Background re-index triggered by stale query results.""" - if recovery is None: - return - try: - new_head = await recovery.run() - if new_head is not None: - registry._meta["last_indexed_head"] = new_head - registry.save() except Exception as exc: - print(f"[libucks] background reindex error: {exc}", file=sys.stderr) - - orchestrator = QueryOrchestrator( - central_agent=agent, - librarians=librarians, - embed_fn=embedder.embed, - top_k=cfg.routing.top_k, - stale_checker=stale_checker, - reindex_fn=_reindex_stale, - ) + _load_error.append(str(exc)) + print(f"[libucks] startup failed: {exc}", file=sys.stderr) + finally: + sys.stdout = _real_stdout + _ready.set() server = Server("libucks") @@ -251,15 +374,34 @@ async def list_tools() -> list[types.Tool]: @server.call_tool() async def call_tool(name: str, arguments: dict[str, Any]) -> list[types.TextContent]: + try: + await asyncio.wait_for(_ready.wait(), timeout=120.0) + except asyncio.TimeoutError: + return [types.TextContent(type="text", text= + "libucks models are still loading (>120s). " + "Try again in a moment — check stderr for errors if this persists.")] + if _load_error: + return [types.TextContent(type="text", text=f"libucks startup failed: {_load_error[0]}")] + if name == "libucks_query": + orchestrator = _state["orchestrator"] + translator = _state["translator"] + embedder = _state["embedder"] query_text = arguments["query"] top_k = int(arguments.get("top_k", cfg.routing.top_k)) orchestrator._top_k = top_k print(f"[libucks] query: routing '{query_text[:60]}' (top_k={top_k})", file=sys.stderr, flush=True) - representations = await orchestrator.query(query_text) + query_embedding = embedder.embed(query_text) + pairs = await orchestrator.query(query_text) + bucket_ids = [bid for bid, _ in pairs] + representations = [rep for _, rep in pairs] print(f"[libucks] query: got {len(representations)} representations", file=sys.stderr, flush=True) - answer = await translator.synthesize(query_text, representations) + answer = await translator.synthesize( + query_text, representations, + bucket_ids=bucket_ids, + query_embedding=query_embedding, + ) print(f"[libucks] query: synthesis complete ({len(answer)} chars)", file=sys.stderr, flush=True) return [types.TextContent(type="text", text=answer)] @@ -283,6 +425,7 @@ async def call_tool(name: str, arguments: dict[str, Any]) -> list[types.TextCont raise ValueError(f"Unknown tool: {name!r}") async with mcp.server.stdio.stdio_server() as (read_stream, write_stream): + spawn(_load_heavy(), name="startup.load_heavy") await server.run( read_stream, write_stream, diff --git a/libucks/merging_service.py b/libucks/merging_service.py index 6c7435c..ccfe8aa 100644 --- a/libucks/merging_service.py +++ b/libucks/merging_service.py @@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ """ from __future__ import annotations -import base64 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, Set @@ -22,6 +21,7 @@ import structlog from libucks.mitosis import _read_chunk_content +from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import encode_centroid as _encode_centroid if TYPE_CHECKING: from libucks.central_agent import CentralAgent @@ -29,15 +29,23 @@ from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import BucketRegistry from libucks.storage.bucket_store import BucketStore from libucks.thinking.base import ThinkingStrategy + from libucks.translator import Translator log = structlog.get_logger(__name__) MERGE_SIMILARITY: float = 0.82 -MERGE_TOKEN_LIMIT: int = 15_000 - -def _encode_centroid(arr: np.ndarray) -> str: - return base64.b64encode(arr.astype(np.float32).tobytes()).decode() +# The merge limit is DERIVED from mitosis_threshold, never hardcoded, so that a +# merge can never produce a bucket the next HealthMonitor pass immediately +# size-splits. That would cycle forever: MergingService's anti-cycle cooldown +# stores the pre-merge bucket IDs, but MitosisService mints new sha1 child IDs +# (mitosis._child_id), so the children fall outside the cooldown and re-merge. +# 0.75 * the 20_000 default reproduces the historical 15_000 exactly. +MERGE_TOKEN_RATIO: float = 0.75 +MERGE_TOKEN_LIMIT: int = 15_000 +"""Default merge limit (= MERGE_TOKEN_RATIO * the default 20_000 mitosis +threshold). Kept for reference and back-compat; the live value is the +per-instance MergingService._merge_token_limit.""" class MergingService: @@ -48,12 +56,19 @@ def __init__( agent: "CentralAgent", embedder: "EmbeddingService", strategy: "ThinkingStrategy", + translator: "Translator | None" = None, + mitosis_threshold: int = 20_000, ) -> None: self._registry = registry self._store = store self._agent = agent self._embedder = embedder self._strategy = strategy + self._translator = translator + # Derived, not hardcoded — see MERGE_TOKEN_RATIO. Must stay strictly + # below mitosis_threshold or merge and mitosis fight each other every + # 5 minutes (tests/unit/test_merge_split_invariant.py). + self._merge_token_limit = int(mitosis_threshold * MERGE_TOKEN_RATIO) # ------------------------------------------------------------------ # Public @@ -94,7 +109,7 @@ def _should_merge( combined = self._registry.get_token_count(a) + self._registry.get_token_count(b) except KeyError: return False - return combined < MERGE_TOKEN_LIMIT + return combined < self._merge_token_limit def _recent_merged_ids(self) -> Set[str]: """Return bucket IDs involved in any merge within the last hour.""" @@ -110,8 +125,15 @@ def _recent_merged_ids(self) -> Set[str]: if merged_at > cutoff: for bid in entry.get("merged_bucket_ids", []): result.add(bid) - except Exception: - pass + except Exception as exc: + # An unparseable entry drops out of the cooldown set, so the + # buckets it names become immediately re-mergeable. + log.warning( + "merging.history_entry_unreadable", + entry=repr(entry)[:120], + error=repr(exc), + consequence="those buckets lose their 1-hour merge cooldown", + ) return result async def _merge(self, a: str, b: str) -> None: @@ -152,7 +174,10 @@ async def _merge(self, a: str, b: str) -> None: f"Summarize these merged code chunks: {domain}", combined_content[:2000], ) - prose = str(result) + if self._translator is not None: + prose = await self._translator.synthesize("", [result]) + else: + prose = f"# {domain}\n\n" except Exception as exc: log.warning("merging.reason_failed", error=str(exc)) prose = f"# {domain}\n\n(merged bucket)" @@ -209,6 +234,13 @@ def _prune_merge_history(self) -> None: merged_at = merged_at.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc) if merged_at > cutoff: kept.append(entry) - except Exception: - pass + except Exception as exc: + # `kept` is written back over merge_history, so an entry that + # fails to parse here is deleted permanently, not just skipped. + log.warning( + "merging.history_entry_dropped", + entry=repr(entry)[:120], + error=repr(exc), + consequence="entry permanently removed from merge_history", + ) self._registry._meta["merge_history"] = kept diff --git a/libucks/mitosis.py b/libucks/mitosis.py index 50c9ab7..10ae6fd 100644 --- a/libucks/mitosis.py +++ b/libucks/mitosis.py @@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ """ from __future__ import annotations -import base64 import hashlib from pathlib import Path from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List @@ -24,6 +23,7 @@ from libucks.models.chunk import ChunkMetadata from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import BucketRegistry +from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import encode_centroid as _encode_centroid from libucks.storage.bucket_store import BucketStore if TYPE_CHECKING: @@ -31,25 +31,37 @@ from libucks.embeddings.embedding_service import EmbeddingService from libucks.librarian import Librarian from libucks.thinking.base import ThinkingStrategy + from libucks.translator import Translator log = structlog.get_logger(__name__) -def _encode_centroid(arr: np.ndarray) -> str: - return base64.b64encode(arr.astype(np.float32).tobytes()).decode() - - def _child_id(parent_id: str, label: int) -> str: raw = f"{parent_id}:child{label}" return hashlib.sha1(raw.encode()).hexdigest()[:8] def _read_chunk_content(meta: ChunkMetadata) -> str: + """Read lines [start_line, end_line] from the chunk's source file. + + GEOMETRY variant — shared with merging_service and health_monitor, which + import this exact function. Output goes straight to `embed_batch` to build + centroids, k-means clusters and coherence scores. + + The path fallback is deliberate and must NOT be "cleaned up" to match the + three CONTENT-family copies in librarian/chunk_retriever/data_generator, + which return "". Embedding "" is degenerate: every chunk whose source file + was deleted would land on the identical vector, dragging the bucket + centroid somewhere meaningless and corrupting split/merge decisions. The + path at least carries directory and filename signal. + + Pinned by tests/unit/test_read_chunk_content_families.py. + """ try: lines = Path(meta.source_file).read_text(errors="replace").splitlines() return "\n".join(lines[meta.start_line - 1 : meta.end_line]) except OSError: - return meta.source_file # fallback: just use filename as content + return meta.source_file class MitosisService: @@ -61,6 +73,7 @@ def __init__( agent: "CentralAgent", strategy: "ThinkingStrategy", mitosis_threshold: int = 20_000, + translator: "Translator | None" = None, ) -> None: self._store = store self._registry = registry @@ -68,6 +81,7 @@ def __init__( self._agent = agent self._strategy = strategy self._mitosis_threshold = mitosis_threshold + self._translator = translator async def split(self, bucket_id: str) -> None: """Split *bucket_id* into two child buckets.""" @@ -133,7 +147,10 @@ async def split(self, bucket_id: str) -> None: prompt = f"Write a concise technical summary for these code chunks: domain={domain}" try: result = await self._strategy.reason(prompt, child_content[:2000]) - child_prose = str(result) + if self._translator is not None: + child_prose = await self._translator.synthesize("", [result]) + else: + child_prose = f"# {domain}\n\n" except Exception as exc: log.warning("mitosis.reason_failed", child_id=child_id, error=str(exc)) child_prose = f"# {domain}\n\n{child_content[:500]}" @@ -159,6 +176,7 @@ async def split(self, bucket_id: str) -> None: embedder=self._embedder, mitosis_threshold=self._mitosis_threshold, mitosis_service=self, + translator=self._translator, ) self._agent.register_librarian(child_id, child_librarian) child_ids.append(child_id) diff --git a/libucks/models/events.py b/libucks/models/events.py index 9ecb948..4cb2129 100644 --- a/libucks/models/events.py +++ b/libucks/models/events.py @@ -43,3 +43,6 @@ class QueryEvent(BaseModel): class CreateBucketEvent(BaseModel): seed_content: str + source_file: Optional[str] = None + start_line: Optional[int] = None + end_line: Optional[int] = None diff --git a/libucks/novel_bucket_service.py b/libucks/novel_bucket_service.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5990330 --- /dev/null +++ b/libucks/novel_bucket_service.py @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +"""NovelBucketService — drains create_bucket_queue, spawns new buckets for novel commits. + +Producer: StartupRecovery (for the git-hook path) and CentralAgent._handle_added +(for the opt-in WatchdogService path) detect content that is both substantial +and cosine-distant from every existing centroid, then enqueue a CreateBucketEvent. + +Consumer (this class): drains the queue, computes centroid via the same blend +formula as InitOrchestrator (0.8 chunk + 0.2 title), persists a single-chunk +bucket, and wires up a new Librarian on the CentralAgent. Best-effort prose +generation via strategy + translator; falls back to a placeholder if either is +absent or the generation raises. + +bucket_id is derived from source identity (file + line range), not from content +text, so duplicate events for the same file region are idempotent — the second +enqueue is a no-op. +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import asyncio +import hashlib +from pathlib import Path +from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional + +import numpy as np +import structlog + +from libucks.models.chunk import ChunkMetadata +from libucks.models.events import CreateBucketEvent +from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import BucketRegistry +from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import encode_centroid as _encode_centroid +from libucks.storage.bucket_store import BucketStore + +if TYPE_CHECKING: + from libucks.central_agent import CentralAgent + from libucks.embeddings.embedding_service import EmbeddingService + from libucks.thinking.base import ThinkingStrategy + from libucks.translator import Translator + +log = structlog.get_logger(__name__) + +# Matches init_orchestrator: 0.8 chunk centroid + 0.2 title embedding. +_TITLE_BLEND_ALPHA = 0.2 +_TOKENS_PER_CHAR = 0.25 + + +def _rough_tokens(text: str) -> int: + return max(1, int(len(text) * _TOKENS_PER_CHAR)) + + +class NovelBucketService: + def __init__( + self, + store: BucketStore, + registry: BucketRegistry, + embedder: "EmbeddingService", + agent: "CentralAgent", + strategy: Optional["ThinkingStrategy"] = None, + translator: Optional["Translator"] = None, + mitosis_threshold: int = 20_000, + repo_path: Optional[Path] = None, + ) -> None: + self._store = store + self._registry = registry + self._embedder = embedder + self._agent = agent + self._strategy = strategy + self._translator = translator + self._mitosis_threshold = mitosis_threshold + self._repo_path = repo_path + + async def run(self) -> None: + """Drain create_bucket_queue indefinitely.""" + log.info("novel_bucket.running") + while True: + event = await self._agent.create_bucket_queue.get() + try: + await self._create_bucket(event) + except Exception as exc: + log.warning("novel_bucket.failed", error=str(exc)) + finally: + self._agent.create_bucket_queue.task_done() + + async def drain_pending(self) -> None: + """Drain everything currently in the queue without blocking. + + Useful for tests that want to wait until all enqueued events are + processed before asserting on registry state. + """ + while not self._agent.create_bucket_queue.empty(): + event = await self._agent.create_bucket_queue.get() + try: + await self._create_bucket(event) + except Exception as exc: + log.warning("novel_bucket.failed", error=str(exc)) + finally: + self._agent.create_bucket_queue.task_done() + + async def _create_bucket(self, event: CreateBucketEvent) -> None: + content = event.seed_content + if not content.strip(): + log.debug("novel_bucket.empty_content") + return + + ident = ( + f"{event.source_file or 'novel'}" + f":{event.start_line or 1}:{event.end_line or 1}" + ) + bucket_id = hashlib.sha1(ident.encode()).hexdigest()[:8] + + # Idempotency: a duplicate event for the same file region is a no-op. + if bucket_id in self._agent._librarians: + log.debug("novel_bucket.already_exists", bucket_id=bucket_id) + return + + chunk_centroid = self._embedder.embed(content).astype(np.float32) + norm = float(np.linalg.norm(chunk_centroid)) + if norm > 0: + chunk_centroid /= norm + + domain_label = ( + Path(event.source_file).stem + if event.source_file + else f"novel-{bucket_id}" + ) + title_embed = self._embedder.embed(domain_label).astype(np.float32) + centroid = ( + (1 - _TITLE_BLEND_ALPHA) * chunk_centroid + + _TITLE_BLEND_ALPHA * title_embed + ) + norm = float(np.linalg.norm(centroid)) + if norm > 0: + centroid /= norm + + prose = await self._generate_prose(content, domain_label) + + token_count = _rough_tokens(content) + chunk_meta = ChunkMetadata( + chunk_id=hashlib.sha1(ident.encode()).hexdigest()[:12], + source_file=event.source_file or "", + start_line=event.start_line or 1, + end_line=event.end_line or 1, + git_sha="novel", + token_count=token_count, + ) + + self._store.create( + bucket_id=bucket_id, + domain_label=domain_label, + centroid=_encode_centroid(centroid), + chunks=[chunk_meta], + prose=prose, + ) + await self._registry.register(bucket_id, centroid, token_count) + + # Wire up a Librarian for the new bucket so subsequent queries route to it. + from libucks.librarian import Librarian # local import avoids circular dep + lib = Librarian( + bucket_id=bucket_id, + store=self._store, + registry=self._registry, + strategy=self._strategy, + embedder=self._embedder, + mitosis_threshold=self._mitosis_threshold, + repo_path=self._repo_path, + translator=self._translator, + ) + self._agent.register_librarian(bucket_id, lib) + self._registry.save() + + log.info( + "novel_bucket.created", + bucket_id=bucket_id, + domain=domain_label, + source_file=event.source_file, + tokens=token_count, + ) + + async def _generate_prose(self, content: str, domain_label: str) -> str: + if self._strategy is None: + return f"# {domain_label}\n\nNew bucket seeded from novel commit content.\n" + try: + prompt = f"Write a concise technical summary for: {domain_label}" + latent = await self._strategy.reason(prompt, content[:2000]) + if self._translator is not None: + return await self._translator.synthesize("", [latent]) + return f"# {domain_label}\n\n{content[:500]}" + except Exception as exc: + log.warning("novel_bucket.prose_failed", error=str(exc)) + return f"# {domain_label}\n\n{content[:500]}" diff --git a/libucks/query_orchestrator.py b/libucks/query_orchestrator.py index 65fa754..5f1933b 100644 --- a/libucks/query_orchestrator.py +++ b/libucks/query_orchestrator.py @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import numpy as np import structlog +from libucks.background_tasks import spawn from libucks.central_agent import CentralAgent from libucks.librarian import Librarian from libucks.models.events import QueryEvent @@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ def __init__( self._stale_checker = stale_checker self._reindex_fn = reindex_fn - async def query(self, text: str) -> List[Representation]: + async def query(self, text: str) -> List[tuple[str, Representation]]: embedding = self._embed_fn(text) bucket_ids = self._agent.route(embedding, self._top_k) if not bucket_ids: @@ -49,9 +50,8 @@ async def query(self, text: str) -> List[Representation]: stale_bucket_ids=stale_result.stale_bucket_ids, ) if self._reindex_fn is not None: - asyncio.ensure_future( - self._reindex_fn(stale_result.stale_bucket_ids) - ) + spawn(self._reindex_fn(stale_result.stale_bucket_ids), + name="query.reindex_stale") # ---- Answer with possibly-stale data (eventual consistency) ---------- async def _query_one(bucket_id: str) -> Optional[Representation]: @@ -62,4 +62,4 @@ async def _query_one(bucket_id: str) -> Optional[Representation]: return await librarian.handle(event) results = await asyncio.gather(*(_query_one(bid) for bid in bucket_ids)) - return [r for r in results if r is not None] + return [(bid, r) for bid, r in zip(bucket_ids, results) if r is not None] diff --git a/libucks/startup_recovery.py b/libucks/startup_recovery.py index 9dad235..8b8b981 100644 --- a/libucks/startup_recovery.py +++ b/libucks/startup_recovery.py @@ -28,14 +28,23 @@ import structlog from libucks.diff.diff_extractor import DiffExtractor -from libucks.models.events import UpdateEvent +from libucks.models.events import CreateBucketEvent, DiffHunk, UpdateEvent from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import BucketRegistry from libucks.storage.bucket_store import BucketStore from libucks.watchdog_service import _TRACKED_EXTENSIONS if TYPE_CHECKING: + from libucks.central_agent import CentralAgent + from libucks.embeddings.embedding_service import EmbeddingService from libucks.librarian import Librarian + +# Cap unmatched-file content read for novelty embedding so a huge new file +# doesn't dominate startup; same order-of-magnitude as InitOrchestrator's +# _MAX_FILE_BYTES guard. +_UNMATCHED_READ_CAP = 50_000 +_TOKENS_PER_CHAR = 0.25 + log = structlog.get_logger(__name__) @@ -54,8 +63,34 @@ def _git_rev_parse_head(repo_path: Path) -> Optional[str]: ) if result.returncode == 0: return result.stdout.strip() - except Exception: - pass + log.warning("git_rev_parse_head_failed", repo=str(repo_path), + returncode=result.returncode, stderr=result.stderr.strip()[:200]) + except Exception as exc: + log.warning("git_rev_parse_head_errored", repo=str(repo_path), error=repr(exc)) + return None + + +def _git_show_toplevel(repo_path: Path) -> Optional[Path]: + """Return the git repository root for repo_path. + + libucks repo_path may be a subdirectory of the git root (e.g. click's + `src/click/` inside the `click/` checkout). git diff --name-only returns + paths relative to the root, not to repo_path, so all path arithmetic that + resolves diff paths to absolute paths MUST be anchored to the root. + """ + try: + result = subprocess.run( + ["git", "-C", str(repo_path), "rev-parse", "--show-toplevel"], + capture_output=True, + text=True, + timeout=10, + ) + if result.returncode == 0: + return Path(result.stdout.strip()) + log.warning("git_show_toplevel_failed", repo=str(repo_path), + returncode=result.returncode, stderr=result.stderr.strip()[:200]) + except Exception as exc: + log.warning("git_show_toplevel_errored", repo=str(repo_path), error=repr(exc)) return None @@ -70,8 +105,20 @@ def _git_diff_name_only(repo_path: Path, from_sha: str, to_sha: str) -> List[str ) if result.returncode == 0: return [f for f in result.stdout.strip().splitlines() if f] - except Exception: - pass + log.warning( + "git_diff_failed", + from_sha=from_sha, to_sha=to_sha, returncode=result.returncode, + stderr=result.stderr.strip()[:200], + consequence="treated as no-changes; bucket updates will be SKIPPED", + ) + except Exception as exc: + # Returning [] here is indistinguishable from "no files changed", so a + # silent failure means the whole update pipeline quietly does nothing. + log.warning( + "git_diff_errored", + from_sha=from_sha, to_sha=to_sha, error=repr(exc), + consequence="treated as no-changes; bucket updates will be SKIPPED", + ) return [] @@ -87,12 +134,27 @@ def __init__( store: BucketStore, librarians: Dict[str, "Librarian"], extractor: DiffExtractor, + central_agent: Optional["CentralAgent"] = None, + embedder: Optional["EmbeddingService"] = None, + min_bucket_seed_tokens: int = 1_500, ) -> None: self._repo_path = repo_path self._registry = registry self._store = store self._librarians = librarians self._extractor = extractor + # central_agent + embedder enable novelty detection on unmatched files. + # Both are optional so existing unit tests that don't exercise the + # novel-bucket path can construct StartupRecovery without them. + self._central_agent = central_agent + self._embedder = embedder + self._min_bucket_seed_tokens = int(min_bucket_seed_tokens) + # git diff returns paths relative to the git root, not repo_path. When + # libucks is anchored at a subdirectory of the git root (e.g. click's + # src/click/), naive `repo_path / rel_filepath` doubles a path component + # and breaks every match. Cache the root once and resolve against it. + _root = _git_show_toplevel(repo_path) + self._git_root: Path = _root if _root is not None else repo_path def _find_buckets_for_file(self, rel_filepath: str) -> List[str]: """Return bucket IDs that own at least one chunk from the given file. @@ -100,9 +162,12 @@ def _find_buckets_for_file(self, rel_filepath: str) -> List[str]: Matching is done by resolving both paths to absolute form so that relative-vs-absolute mismatches (common when mixing git output with stored absolute paths) do not cause missed updates. + + rel_filepath is resolved against the git root, not repo_path, because + git diff --name-only emits paths relative to the root. """ try: - abs_target = (self._repo_path / rel_filepath).resolve() + abs_target = (self._git_root / rel_filepath).resolve() except Exception: return [] @@ -167,7 +232,14 @@ async def run(self) -> Optional[str]: bucket_ids = self._find_buckets_for_file(rel_filepath) if not bucket_ids: - log.debug("startup_recovery.no_bucket_for_file", file=rel_filepath) + # Unmatched: file not owned by any existing bucket. Decide + # whether to spawn a new bucket (substantial + novel content) + # or route the content to the nearest existing bucket. + routed = await self._handle_unmatched_file(rel_filepath) + if routed: + recovered_updates += 1 + else: + log.debug("startup_recovery.no_bucket_for_file", file=rel_filepath) continue try: @@ -204,3 +276,84 @@ async def run(self) -> Optional[str]: to_sha=current_head[:8], ) return current_head + + async def _handle_unmatched_file(self, rel_filepath: str) -> bool: + """Handle a changed file that no existing bucket owns. + + Returns True if the file was dispatched (either enqueued as a new + bucket or routed to the nearest existing one); False if it was + skipped (deleted, empty, or no central_agent/embedder injected). + """ + if self._central_agent is None or self._embedder is None: + return False + + # rel_filepath is git-root-relative; resolve against the cached root. + abs_path = self._git_root / rel_filepath + if not abs_path.is_file(): + # Deleted file or stat failure — nothing to route. + return False + + try: + content = abs_path.read_text(errors="replace") + except Exception as exc: + log.warning("startup_recovery.unmatched_read_failed", file=rel_filepath, error=str(exc)) + return False + + if not content.strip(): + return False + + sample = content[:_UNMATCHED_READ_CAP] + try: + embedding = self._embedder.embed(sample) + except Exception as exc: + log.warning("startup_recovery.unmatched_embed_failed", file=rel_filepath, error=str(exc)) + return False + + est_tokens = max(1, int(len(content) * _TOKENS_PER_CHAR)) + line_count = max(1, content.count("\n") + 1) + + # Spawn a new bucket only for substantial novel subjects. Smaller or + # cosine-near content is absorbed into the nearest existing bucket; + # HealthMonitor's coherence-driven mitosis will split if pressure + # builds. Prevents one-file fragmentation. + if ( + est_tokens >= self._min_bucket_seed_tokens + and self._central_agent.is_novel(embedding) + ): + event = CreateBucketEvent( + seed_content=sample, + source_file=rel_filepath, + start_line=1, + end_line=line_count, + ) + await self._central_agent.create_bucket_queue.put(event) + log.info( + "startup_recovery.novel_file_queued", + file=rel_filepath, + tokens=est_tokens, + lines=line_count, + ) + return True + + top = self._central_agent.route(embedding, top_k=1) + if not top or top[0] not in self._librarians: + return False + + bucket_id = top[0] + hunk = DiffHunk( + file=rel_filepath, + old_start=0, + old_end=0, + new_start=1, + new_end=line_count, + added_lines=sample.splitlines(), + removed_lines=[], + ) + await self._librarians[bucket_id].handle(UpdateEvent(bucket_id=bucket_id, hunk=hunk)) + log.info( + "startup_recovery.unmatched_routed", + file=rel_filepath, + bucket_id=bucket_id, + tokens=est_tokens, + ) + return True diff --git a/libucks/storage/bucket_registry.py b/libucks/storage/bucket_registry.py index 13df9a9..e312bf0 100644 --- a/libucks/storage/bucket_registry.py +++ b/libucks/storage/bucket_registry.py @@ -44,16 +44,30 @@ def __init__(self, centroid: np.ndarray, token_count: int, lock: asyncio.Lock) - self.last_query_hit_at: Optional[str] = None -def _encode_centroid(centroid: np.ndarray) -> str: +def encode_centroid(centroid: np.ndarray) -> str: + """Serialise a centroid to the registry's base64 float32 wire format. + + THE single encoder. Five other modules (librarian, mitosis, merging_service, + init_orchestrator, novel_bucket_service) used to carry byte-identical private + copies while decode_centroid lived only here — five writers of a format one + reader owned. Import this instead of re-implementing it; the pairing is + enforced by tests/unit/test_centroid_codec.py. + """ return base64.b64encode(centroid.astype(np.float32).tobytes()).decode() -def _decode_centroid(encoded: str) -> np.ndarray: +def decode_centroid(encoded: str) -> np.ndarray: + """Inverse of encode_centroid.""" raw = base64.b64decode(encoded) n = len(raw) // 4 return np.array(struct.unpack(f"{n}f", raw), dtype=np.float32) +# Back-compat aliases for this module's existing internal call sites. +_encode_centroid = encode_centroid +_decode_centroid = decode_centroid + + class BucketRegistry: def __init__(self, registry_path: Path) -> None: self._path = registry_path diff --git a/libucks/thinking/__init__.py b/libucks/thinking/__init__.py index 056e427..0e28efa 100644 --- a/libucks/thinking/__init__.py +++ b/libucks/thinking/__init__.py @@ -6,10 +6,6 @@ def create_strategy(config) -> ThinkingStrategy: """Construct the ThinkingStrategy specified by config.model.strategy.""" - if config.model.strategy == "text": - from libucks.thinking.text_strategy import TextStrategy - return TextStrategy.from_env(config.model.anthropic_model) - if config.model.strategy == "latent": from libucks.thinking.model_manager import ModelManager from libucks.thinking.latent_strategy import LatentStrategy @@ -18,6 +14,7 @@ def create_strategy(config) -> ThinkingStrategy: mgr.load( model_id=config.model.local_model, quantization=config.model.quantization, + bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=config.model.bnb_4bit_compute_dtype, device=config.model.device, ) return LatentStrategy(mgr) diff --git a/libucks/thinking/communication_adapter.py b/libucks/thinking/communication_adapter.py index 2496430..51b75c9 100644 --- a/libucks/thinking/communication_adapter.py +++ b/libucks/thinking/communication_adapter.py @@ -37,10 +37,19 @@ def __init__( output_len: int = 32, num_heads: int = 8, num_inter_layers: int = 2, + output_dim: int | None = None, ) -> None: super().__init__() self.hidden_dim = hidden_dim self.output_len = output_len + # output_dim: dim of the Base receiver model (may differ from hidden_dim). + # e.g. Instruct=3B (2048) feeding into Base=0.5B (896). + # A linear projection bridges the two spaces. + _out = output_dim if output_dim is not None else hidden_dim + self.output_dim = _out + self.output_proj: nn.Linear | None = ( + nn.Linear(hidden_dim, _out, bias=False) if _out != hidden_dim else None + ) # --- Stage 1: Attentive Pooling --- # Learned query attends over each Librarian's token dimension @@ -59,7 +68,8 @@ def __init__( ) # --- Stage 3: Output Projection --- - # K learned output queries cross-attend over the N summaries + # K learned output queries cross-attend over the N summaries. + # output_queries supply per-slot identity (orthogonal at init via randn). self.output_queries = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(1, output_len, hidden_dim)) self.output_attn = nn.MultiheadAttention( hidden_dim, num_heads, batch_first=True @@ -111,11 +121,14 @@ def forward(self, representations: List[torch.Tensor]) -> torch.Tensor: # ------------------------------------------------------------------ # # Stage 3: Output Projection — (1, K, d) soft-prompt # ------------------------------------------------------------------ # - out_q = self.output_queries.to(device) # (1, K, d) - output, _ = self.output_attn(out_q, x, x) # (1, K, d) - output = self.output_norm(output) + out_q = self.output_queries.to(device) + attn_out, _ = self.output_attn(out_q, x, x) + output = self.output_norm(out_q + attn_out).squeeze(0) + + if self.output_proj is not None: + output = self.output_proj(output) # (K, output_dim) - return output.squeeze(0) # (K, d) + return output # (K, output_dim) def frame( self, diff --git a/libucks/thinking/latent_strategy.py b/libucks/thinking/latent_strategy.py index 9f5d633..00f7631 100644 --- a/libucks/thinking/latent_strategy.py +++ b/libucks/thinking/latent_strategy.py @@ -10,12 +10,10 @@ """ from __future__ import annotations +import os import sys -from libucks.thinking.base import Representation, ThinkingStrategy - - -_ANCHOR_PROMPT = "<|im_start|>assistant\n" +from libucks.thinking.base import ThinkingStrategy def _log(msg: str) -> None: @@ -28,13 +26,13 @@ def __init__( model_manager: object | None = None, compressor: object | None = None, injection_gate: float = 0.3, - temperature: float = 0.8, + temperature: float = 0.7, top_p: float = 0.9, repetition_penalty: float = 1.3, - receive_temperature: float = 0.6, - receive_top_p: float = 0.9, + receive_temperature: float = 0.7, + receive_top_p: float = 0.85, receive_top_k: int = 50, - receive_repetition_penalty: float = 1.2, + receive_repetition_penalty: float = 1.3, ) -> None: self._mgr = model_manager self._compressor = compressor @@ -104,15 +102,19 @@ def _sample_next_token( logits = logits.float().clone() - # Repetition penalty: HuggingFace convention — - # positive logit → divide by penalty (reduces) - # negative logit → multiply by penalty (makes more negative) + # Repetition penalty: count-proportional HuggingFace convention. + # set() only penalises once per unique token, so a token appearing + # 400 times is suppressed identically to one appearing once — causing + # "the the the..." loops. Applying penalty^count makes each additional + # occurrence exponentially less likely. if _rep_penalty != 1.0 and generated_ids: - for token_id in set(generated_ids): + from collections import Counter + for token_id, count in Counter(generated_ids).items(): + effective = _rep_penalty ** min(count, 20) # cap at 20 to avoid inf if logits[token_id] > 0: - logits[token_id] /= _rep_penalty + logits[token_id] /= effective else: - logits[token_id] *= _rep_penalty + logits[token_id] *= effective # Temperature scaling logits = logits / max(_temperature, 1e-8) @@ -157,8 +159,13 @@ async def encode(self, text: str) -> "torch.Tensor": # forward pass during LoRA receiver training. with torch.no_grad(): inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt") + if inputs["input_ids"].shape[1] == 0: + raise ValueError( + f"encode() received empty tokenization (text={text!r:.80}). " + "Pass non-empty text." + ) inputs = {k: v.to(device) for k, v in inputs.items()} - output = model(**inputs, output_hidden_states=True) + output = model(**inputs, output_hidden_states=True, use_cache=False) # hidden_states[-1]: (1, seq_len, hidden_dim) → (seq_len, hidden_dim) hidden = output.hidden_states[-1].squeeze(0).contiguous() del output # release full 36-layer hidden_states tuple @@ -195,9 +202,15 @@ async def reason(self, query: str, context: str) -> "torch.Tensor": truncation=True, ) seq_len = inputs["input_ids"].shape[-1] + if seq_len == 0: + raise ValueError( + f"reason() received empty tokenization " + f"(context={context!r:.40}, query={query!r:.40}). " + "Pass non-empty context or query." + ) inputs = {k: v.to(device) for k, v in inputs.items()} _log(f"reason: forward pass (seq_len={seq_len})") - output = model(**inputs, output_hidden_states=True) + output = model(**inputs, output_hidden_states=True, use_cache=False) hidden = output.hidden_states[-1].squeeze(0).contiguous() del output # release full 36-layer hidden_states tuple _log(f"reason: forward pass complete, hidden={tuple(hidden.shape)}") @@ -210,248 +223,256 @@ async def reason(self, query: str, context: str) -> "torch.Tensor": return hidden - async def decode(self, result: "torch.Tensor") -> str: - """Convert hidden-state tensor to natural language via Residual Anchoring. - - Three-stage injection (Vision Wormhole, Eq. 2 + Eq. 9): + async def decode(self, result: "torch.Tensor", query: str = "", verbatim: str = "") -> str: # noqa: ARG002 + """Convert an adapter soft-prompt into natural language via the trained Base receiver. - 1. NormMatch (Eq. 9): rescale adapter output per-row to match the - embedding layer's mean norm — places hidden_matched at embed_scale. + This is the Interlat-Lite decoder. It: + 1. Frames the soft-prompt with <|im_start|>/<|im_end|> boundary embeddings + (token recycling — native Qwen boundary markers as /). + 2. Runs nucleus sampling (do_sample=True) via model.generate() using the + LoRA-trained Qwen2.5-0.5B-Base receiver. - 2. Residual Anchoring (Eq. 2): blend with a dummy baseline of K EOS-token - embeddings that are guaranteed to be on Qwen's native manifold: - x_soft = dummy_embeds + g * (hidden_matched - dummy_embeds) - At g=0.1 (default), 90% of the signal comes from the real embedding - manifold and only 10% from the adapter output. A final re-normalisation - to embed_scale enforces the manifold norm constraint regardless of g. + Beam search (num_beams=4) is incompatible with 4-bit MPS: batch expansion + to beam_count collapses all beams to EOS after 1 token on mps_bitsandbytes + Linear4bit layers. Nucleus sampling avoids batch expansion and achieves the + same anti-greedy-argmax goal. - 3. Position ID Alignment: pass explicit position_ids on every model() call - so RoPE offsets are correct for the KV cache even when inputs_embeds is - used instead of input_ids on the first call. + The trained model handles the Instruct→Base manifold gap; no NormMatch or + Residual Anchoring is applied here. This is the ONLY authorised call site for generative inference in the system. Args: - result: torch.Tensor of shape (seq_len, hidden_dim) or - (1, seq_len, hidden_dim). + result: torch.Tensor of shape (K, hidden_dim) — the adapter soft-prompt. Returns: Decoded natural-language string. """ + import os import torch - from transformers import DynamicCache - model = self._mgr.get_model() - tokenizer = self._mgr.get_tokenizer() + model = self._mgr.get_base_model() + tokenizer = self._mgr.get_base_tokenizer() device = self._mgr.device _log(f"decode: received tensor {tuple(result.shape)}, device={device}") async with self._device_lock: with torch.no_grad(): - # --- Normalise input shape --- - hidden = result.to(device) - if hidden.dim() == 2: - hidden = hidden.unsqueeze(0) # (1, K, d) - hidden = hidden.contiguous() # MPS: avoids silent hang on non-contiguous strides - K = hidden.shape[1] - - # --- Step 1: NormMatch (Vision Wormhole, Eq. 9) --- - # Rescale each adapter output row to embed_scale so hidden_matched - # and the dummy baseline are at the same magnitude. - embed_scale = model.model.embed_tokens.weight.norm(dim=-1).mean() - adapter_norms = hidden.norm(dim=-1, keepdim=True).clamp(min=1e-8) - hidden_matched = hidden * (embed_scale / adapter_norms) # (1, K, d) - _log(f"decode: isnan={hidden_matched.isnan().any().item()}, isinf={hidden_matched.isinf().any().item()}") - _log( - f"decode: NormMatch embed_scale={embed_scale.item():.3f}, " - f"mean_adapter_norm={adapter_norms.mean().item():.3f}" - ) - - - # --- Step 2: Residual Anchoring (Vision Wormhole, Eq. 2) --- - # Embed K copies of eos_token_id as the dummy baseline. EOS is always - # available and its embedding sits firmly on the native manifold. - space_id = int(tokenizer(" ", return_tensors="pt", add_special_tokens=False)["input_ids"].flatten()[-1].item()) - dummy_ids = torch.full( - (1, K), space_id, dtype=torch.long, device=device + # --- Frame with / boundary embeddings --- + # Token recycling: native Qwen chat-boundary tokens as frame markers. + bop_id = tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids("<|im_start|>") + eop_id = tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids("<|im_end|>") + embedding_layer = model.model.embed_tokens + bop_embed = embedding_layer( + torch.tensor([bop_id], device=device) + ).squeeze(0).detach() + eop_embed = embedding_layer( + torch.tensor([eop_id], device=device) + ).squeeze(0).detach() + + soft_prompt = result.to(device) + if soft_prompt.dim() == 3: + soft_prompt = soft_prompt.squeeze(0) # (K, d) + + # Capture raw adapter output (pre-W_a) for diagnostics + _adapter_raw = soft_prompt.clone().detach() + + # Mirror the training transform exactly (see _cli.py:_train_lora_receiver): + # 1. Subtract population soft_mean (center) — removes DC component + # 2. Project via W_a — aligns hidden-state space → embedding space + # 3. Norm-rescale to embed_norm — matches scale seen during LoRA training + # W_a and soft_mean are loaded from w_a.pt by _load_lora_weights(). + model_dtype = embedding_layer.weight.dtype + embed_norm = embedding_layer.weight.data.norm(dim=-1).median() + sp_f32 = soft_prompt.float() + # Centering (subtracting _soft_mean) was removed: with the new + # diverse adapter (post-residual-fix), per-slot mean subtraction + # collapsed inter-slot cosine from ~0.50 back to ~0.97 by + # stripping the slot identities themselves. W_a remains since + # it's identity-like for tied vocab and a no-op otherwise. + if hasattr(self, "_W_a") and self._W_a is not None: + sp_f32 = sp_f32 @ self._W_a.to(device) + sp_norms = sp_f32.norm(dim=-1, keepdim=True).clamp(min=1e-8) + soft_prompt = (sp_f32 / sp_norms * embed_norm).to(model_dtype) + + import os + if os.environ.get("LIBUCKS_BLINDFOLD") == "1": + _log("BLINDFOLD: replacing soft_prompt with norm-matched random noise") + noise = torch.randn_like(soft_prompt) + noise = noise / noise.norm(dim=-1, keepdim=True).clamp(min=1e-8) * embed_norm + soft_prompt = noise.to(model_dtype) + + framed = torch.cat( + [bop_embed.view(1, -1), soft_prompt, eop_embed.view(1, -1)], dim=0 + ) # (K+2, d) + + # Hybrid retrieval: prepend verbatim source code embeddings + # before . Truncated at 2048 tokens — under 7% of Qwen's + # 32K context. Source code grounds the soft prompt's + # cross-bucket reasoning at the identifier level. + if verbatim: + v_enc = tokenizer( + verbatim, return_tensors="pt", truncation=True, + max_length=2048, add_special_tokens=False, + ) + v_ids = v_enc["input_ids"].squeeze(0).to(device) + v_embeds = embedding_layer(v_ids).to(model_dtype) + framed = torch.cat([v_embeds, framed], dim=0) + _log(f"decode: hybrid verbatim prepended ({v_ids.shape[0]} tokens)") + + # Append query tokens — matches training frame exactly. + # Truncated to 32 tokens to bound sequence length. + if query: + q_enc = tokenizer( + query, return_tensors="pt", truncation=True, max_length=32, + add_special_tokens=False, + ) + q_ids = q_enc["input_ids"].squeeze(0).to(device) + q_embeds = embedding_layer(q_ids).to(model_dtype) + framed = torch.cat([framed, q_embeds], dim=0) # (K+2+Q, d) + + # Append assistant turn-start for the Instruct model. + # Without this cue, the Instruct model treats the framed input as a + # corrupted continuation and produces incoherent output. The token + # sequence "<|im_start|>assistant\n" signals it should generate a + # structured answer, activating its instruction-following prior. + asst_enc = tokenizer( + "<|im_start|>assistant\n", + return_tensors="pt", + add_special_tokens=False, ) - dummy_embeds = model.model.embed_tokens(dummy_ids) # (1, K, d) - - # Blend: x_soft = dummy + gate * (hidden_matched - dummy) - delta = hidden_matched - dummy_embeds - x_soft = dummy_embeds + self._injection_gate * delta # (1, K, d) - - # Re-normalise to embed_scale: enforces manifold norm constraint after - # blending (the convex combination of two unit-scale vectors has norm - # ≈ 0.9 × embed_scale at gate=0.1 for orthogonal random vectors). - x_soft_norms = x_soft.norm(dim=-1, keepdim=True).clamp(min=1e-8) - x_soft = x_soft * (embed_scale / x_soft_norms) - _log( - f"decode: residual gate={self._injection_gate}, " - f"mean_delta_norm={delta.norm(dim=-1).mean().item():.3f}" + asst_ids = asst_enc["input_ids"].squeeze(0).to(device) + asst_embeds = embedding_layer(asst_ids).to(model_dtype) + framed = torch.cat([framed, asst_embeds], dim=0) + + # Add batch dim: (1, K+2+Q+A, D) + embeds = framed.unsqueeze(0) + + # Nucleus sampling via HuggingFace generate(). attention_mask: explicit + # all-ones required — Qwen sets pad_token_id == eos_token_id, which + # prevents HF 5.x from inferring the mask and raises a generation error. + # min_new_tokens=8 suppresses EOS for the first 8 tokens to prevent + # immediate collapse (same role as the old _suppress_eos while-loop guard). + attention_mask = torch.ones( + 1, embeds.shape[1], dtype=torch.long, device=device ) - # --- Step 3: Embed anchor prompt for semantic texture --- - anchor_ids = tokenizer( - _ANCHOR_PROMPT, return_tensors="pt", add_special_tokens=False - )["input_ids"].to(device) # (1, L) - anchor_embeds = model.model.embed_tokens(anchor_ids) # (1, L, d) - - # --- Step 4: Concatenate and build position IDs --- - inputs_embeds = torch.cat( - [x_soft, anchor_embeds], dim=1 - ) # (1, K+L, d) - prefix_len = inputs_embeds.shape[1] - - # Explicit position_ids ensure RoPE is applied at the correct offsets - # even when the model receives inputs_embeds instead of input_ids. - # Without this, some Qwen2.5 versions revert to position 0 for the - # first token of a DynamicCache continuation. - prefix_pos = torch.arange( - prefix_len, dtype=torch.long, device=device - ).unsqueeze(0) # (1, K+L) - _log(f"decode: inputs_embeds shape={tuple(inputs_embeds.shape)}") - - # --- Step 5: Prefix pass --- - # - # WHY NOT model.generate(): - # model.generate() calls _get_cache() which constructs a StaticCache - # regardless of past_key_values or generation_config patches. For - # Qwen2.5-3B on MPS: - # 36 layers × 2 × 8 kv_heads × 32768 × 128 × float16 ≈ 4.8 GB - # Metal rejects any single NDArray > 2^32 bytes — instant SIGABRT. - # - # DynamicCache grows ~9 MB per 128 tokens and cannot trigger the - # MPSTemporaryNDArray hard limit on Apple Silicon. - past_kv: DynamicCache = DynamicCache() - out = model( - inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds, - position_ids=prefix_pos, - past_key_values=past_kv, - use_cache=True, - ) - generated_ids: list[int] = [] - next_id = self._sample_next_token(out.logits[0, -1, :], generated_ids) - past_kv = out.past_key_values - - # --- Step 6: Autoregressive generation loop (≤ 128 new tokens) --- - # curr_pos starts immediately after the prefix so each token gets its - # correct RoPE position independent of cache state queries. - curr_pos = prefix_len - _log("decode: starting manual generation loop (max_new_tokens=128)") - for _step in range(128): - if next_id.item() == tokenizer.eos_token_id: - break - generated_ids.append(next_id.item()) - loop_pos = torch.tensor( - [[curr_pos]], dtype=torch.long, device=device - ) - out = model( - input_ids=next_id.unsqueeze(0), # (1, 1) - position_ids=loop_pos, - past_key_values=past_kv, - use_cache=True, + # ─── ATTENTION DEBUG (LIBUCKS_ATTENTION_DEBUG=1) ────────────── + # Diagnose where the model is looking and whether the soft-prompt + # vectors are mathematically sensible (on-manifold) or random. + if os.environ.get("LIBUCKS_ATTENTION_DEBUG") == "1": + K = soft_prompt.shape[0] + Q = q_embeds.shape[0] if query else 0 + A = asst_embeds.shape[0] + S = embeds.shape[1] + bop_idx = 0 + slot_lo, slot_hi = 1, 1 + K + eop_idx = 1 + K + q_lo, q_hi = 2 + K, 2 + K + Q + cue_lo, cue_hi = 2 + K + Q, S + _log(f"DEBUG layout: bop=[0] slots=[{slot_lo}..{slot_hi-1}] (K={K}) " + f"eop=[{eop_idx}] query=[{q_lo}..{q_hi-1}] (Q={Q}) " + f"cue=[{cue_lo}..{cue_hi-1}] (A={A}) S={S}") + + # (1) Soft-prompt geometry + sp_f = soft_prompt.float() # (K, D) + sp_norms = sp_f.norm(dim=-1) # (K,) + sp_unit = sp_f / sp_norms.unsqueeze(-1).clamp(min=1e-8) + vocab_emb = embedding_layer.weight.float() # (V, D) + vocab_unit = vocab_emb / vocab_emb.norm(dim=-1, keepdim=True).clamp(min=1e-8) + cos_to_vocab = sp_unit @ vocab_unit.T # (K, V) + max_cos, max_idx = cos_to_vocab.max(dim=-1) # (K,) (K,) + pair_cos = (sp_unit @ sp_unit.T) # (K, K) + pair_off = pair_cos - torch.eye(K, device=pair_cos.device) + nearest_tokens = [tokenizer.decode([i.item()]) for i in max_idx] + + _log(f"DEBUG soft-prompt norms: min={sp_norms.min():.3f} " + f"mean={sp_norms.mean():.3f} max={sp_norms.max():.3f} " + f"baseline embed_norm={embed_norm.item():.3f}") + + # Pre-W_a (raw adapter output) inter-slot cosine — localizes the + # collapse to either the adapter or the W_a transform. + _raw = _adapter_raw.float() + _raw_unit = _raw / _raw.norm(dim=-1, keepdim=True).clamp(min=1e-8) + _raw_pair = (_raw_unit @ _raw_unit.T) - torch.eye(K, device=_raw.device) + _log(f"DEBUG PRE-W_a inter-slot cos: mean={_raw_pair.mean():.4f} " + f"max={_raw_pair.max():.4f} " + f"raw_norm_mean={_raw.norm(dim=-1).mean():.3f}") + _log(f"DEBUG cos-to-nearest-vocab: min={max_cos.min():.4f} " + f"mean={max_cos.mean():.4f} max={max_cos.max():.4f} " + f"(real-token cos≈1.0; off-manifold ≪ 0.1)") + _log(f"DEBUG inter-slot cos (off-diag): mean={pair_off.mean():.4f} " + f"max={pair_off.max():.4f} (low = diverse slots; high = collapsed)") + _log(f"DEBUG slot[0..7] nearest vocab: {[t for t in nearest_tokens[:8]]}") + + # (2) Attention mass per region from the position that will + # predict the first generated token (last assistant-cue token) + try: + out_attn = model(inputs_embeds=embeds, + attention_mask=attention_mask, + use_cache=False, output_attentions=True) + attns = out_attn.attentions # tuple of L × (1, H, S, S) + L = len(attns) + H = attns[0].shape[1] + avg_attn = torch.stack([a[0].float().mean(dim=0) for a in attns]).mean(dim=0) + # ^ (S, S) — averaged over heads and layers + cue_last = S - 1 + row = avg_attn[cue_last] # (S,) + m_bop = row[bop_idx].item() + m_slot = row[slot_lo:slot_hi].sum().item() + m_eop = row[eop_idx].item() + m_query = row[q_lo:q_hi].sum().item() if Q > 0 else 0.0 + m_cue = row[cue_lo:cue_hi].sum().item() + tot = m_bop + m_slot + m_eop + m_query + m_cue + _log(f"DEBUG attention from cue[{cue_last}] (avg over L={L}, H={H}):") + _log(f" bop {m_bop:.4f} ({100*m_bop/tot:5.1f}%)") + _log(f" slots {m_slot:.4f} ({100*m_slot/tot:5.1f}%) " + f"per-slot mean={m_slot/K:.4f}") + _log(f" eop {m_eop:.4f} ({100*m_eop/tot:5.1f}%)") + _log(f" query {m_query:.4f} ({100*m_query/tot:5.1f}%) " + f"per-token mean={(m_query/Q if Q>0 else 0):.4f}") + _log(f" cue {m_cue:.4f} ({100*m_cue/tot:5.1f}%)") + del out_attn, attns, avg_attn + except Exception as _e: + _log(f"DEBUG attention extraction FAILED: {type(_e).__name__}: {_e}") + + # repetition_penalty crashes on MPS (RepetitionPenaltyLogitsProcessor + # triggers MPSTemporaryNDArray > 4 GB). Explicitly set to 1.0 to + # override the Instruct model's generation_config.json default (1.1). + # no_repeat_ngram_size=3 is a CPU-side logit processor that prevents + # 3-gram repeats — same anti-loop protection without MPS allocation. + _gen_temperature = float(os.environ.get("LIBUCKS_GEN_TEMPERATURE", self._receive_temperature)) + _gen_top_p = float(os.environ.get("LIBUCKS_GEN_TOP_P", self._receive_top_p)) + _gen_top_k = int(os.environ.get("LIBUCKS_GEN_TOP_K", self._receive_top_k)) + _gen_ngram = int(os.environ.get("LIBUCKS_GEN_NGRAM", "3")) + _gen_min_new = int(os.environ.get("LIBUCKS_GEN_MIN_NEW", "8")) + if any(k in os.environ for k in ( + "LIBUCKS_GEN_TEMPERATURE", "LIBUCKS_GEN_TOP_P", "LIBUCKS_GEN_TOP_K", + "LIBUCKS_GEN_NGRAM", "LIBUCKS_GEN_MIN_NEW", + )): + _log( + f"decode: gen_overrides T={_gen_temperature} top_p={_gen_top_p} " + f"top_k={_gen_top_k} ngram={_gen_ngram} min_new={_gen_min_new}" ) - next_id = self._sample_next_token(out.logits[0, -1, :], generated_ids) - past_kv = out.past_key_values - curr_pos += 1 - - _log(f"decode: generation complete ({len(generated_ids)} tokens)") - - decoded = tokenizer.decode(generated_ids, skip_special_tokens=True) - _log(f"decode: tokenizer.decode complete ({len(decoded)} chars)") - return decoded - - async def receive(self, framed_latent: "torch.Tensor") -> str: - """Decode a framed latent sequence using the trained Base receiver. - - This is the Interlat-Lite replacement for decode(). It uses the Base - model (LoRA fine-tuned to interpret latent injections) and does NOT - apply NormMatch or Residual Anchoring — the trained model handles the - manifold gap directly. - - Args: - framed_latent: Tensor of shape (K+2, hidden_dim) — adapter output - already framed with / boundary embeddings. - - Returns: - Decoded natural-language string. - """ - import torch - from transformers import DynamicCache - - model = self._mgr.get_base_model() - tokenizer = self._mgr.get_base_tokenizer() - device = self._mgr.device - - _log(f"receive: framed_latent {tuple(framed_latent.shape)}, device={device}") - - async with self._device_lock: - with torch.no_grad(): - # Add batch dim: (1, K+2, D) - embeds = framed_latent.to(device) - if embeds.dim() == 2: - embeds = embeds.unsqueeze(0) - - # Prefix pass — inject framed latent directly, no preprocessing - past_kv: DynamicCache = DynamicCache() - prefix_len = embeds.shape[1] - prefix_pos = torch.arange( - prefix_len, dtype=torch.long, device=device - ).unsqueeze(0) - - out = model( + output_ids = model.generate( inputs_embeds=embeds, - position_ids=prefix_pos, - past_key_values=past_kv, - use_cache=True, + attention_mask=attention_mask, + max_new_tokens=256, + min_new_tokens=_gen_min_new, + do_sample=True, + temperature=_gen_temperature, + top_p=_gen_top_p, + top_k=_gen_top_k, + repetition_penalty=1.0, + no_repeat_ngram_size=_gen_ngram, + pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id, + eos_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id, ) - generated_ids: list[int] = [] - eos_id = tokenizer.eos_token_id - min_new_tokens = 8 # suppress EOS until at least this many tokens - - def _suppress_eos(logits: "torch.Tensor", n_generated: int) -> "torch.Tensor": - if n_generated < min_new_tokens and eos_id is not None: - logits = logits.clone() - logits[eos_id] = float("-inf") - return logits - - first_logits = _suppress_eos(out.logits[0, -1, :], 0) - next_id = self._sample_next_token( - first_logits, generated_ids, - temperature=self._receive_temperature, - top_p=self._receive_top_p, - top_k=self._receive_top_k, - repetition_penalty=self._receive_repetition_penalty, - ) - past_kv = out.past_key_values - - # Autoregressive generation loop (≤ 512 new tokens) - curr_pos = prefix_len - for _step in range(512): - if next_id.item() == eos_id: - break - generated_ids.append(next_id.item()) - loop_pos = torch.tensor([[curr_pos]], dtype=torch.long, device=device) - out = model( - input_ids=next_id.unsqueeze(0), - position_ids=loop_pos, - past_key_values=past_kv, - use_cache=True, - ) - step_logits = _suppress_eos(out.logits[0, -1, :], len(generated_ids)) - next_id = self._sample_next_token( - step_logits, generated_ids, - temperature=self._receive_temperature, - top_p=self._receive_top_p, - repetition_penalty=self._receive_repetition_penalty, - ) - past_kv = out.past_key_values - curr_pos += 1 - - _log(f"receive: generated {len(generated_ids)} tokens") + # generate() with inputs_embeds returns only the newly generated + # token IDs — the embedded prefix is not echoed back as tokens. + _log(f"decode: generated {output_ids.shape[1]} tokens") - decoded = tokenizer.decode(generated_ids, skip_special_tokens=True) - _log(f"receive: decode complete ({len(decoded)} chars)") + decoded = tokenizer.decode(output_ids[0], skip_special_tokens=True) + _log(f"decode: decode complete ({len(decoded)} chars)") return decoded diff --git a/libucks/thinking/model_manager.py b/libucks/thinking/model_manager.py index b36ee10..05d0d8b 100644 --- a/libucks/thinking/model_manager.py +++ b/libucks/thinking/model_manager.py @@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ def load( self, model_id: str, quantization: str = "none", + bnb_4bit_compute_dtype: str = "float32", device: str = "auto", ) -> None: """Load model and tokenizer from HuggingFace hub or local cache.""" @@ -32,11 +33,17 @@ def load( import torch + _DTYPE_MAP = {"float16": torch.float16, "float32": torch.float32, "bfloat16": torch.bfloat16} + _compute_dtype = _DTYPE_MAP.get(bnb_4bit_compute_dtype, torch.float32) + kwargs: dict = {"device_map": resolved_device} if quantization == "4bit": from transformers import BitsAndBytesConfig - kwargs["quantization_config"] = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True) + kwargs["quantization_config"] = BitsAndBytesConfig( + load_in_4bit=True, + bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=_compute_dtype, + ) elif quantization == "8bit": from transformers import BitsAndBytesConfig kwargs["quantization_config"] = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_8bit=True) @@ -93,7 +100,9 @@ def load_base_model( self, model_id: str, quantization: str = "none", + bnb_4bit_compute_dtype: str = "float32", device: str = "auto", + base_model_dtype: str = "float16", ) -> None: """Load the Base receiver model for latent injection (Interlat-Lite decoder). @@ -104,11 +113,17 @@ def load_base_model( import torch + _DTYPE_MAP = {"float16": torch.float16, "float32": torch.float32, "bfloat16": torch.bfloat16} + _compute_dtype = _DTYPE_MAP.get(bnb_4bit_compute_dtype, torch.float32) + kwargs: dict = {"device_map": resolved_device} if quantization == "4bit": from transformers import BitsAndBytesConfig - kwargs["quantization_config"] = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True) + kwargs["quantization_config"] = BitsAndBytesConfig( + load_in_4bit=True, + bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=_compute_dtype, + ) elif quantization == "8bit": from transformers import BitsAndBytesConfig kwargs["quantization_config"] = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_8bit=True) @@ -128,7 +143,12 @@ def load_base_model( _do_sequential_mps_quant = True else: if quantization == "none": - kwargs["torch_dtype"] = torch.float16 + # Per-repo dtype: fp16 is safe for ~0.5B receivers; 1.5B+ + # overflow fp16 on activations → NaN loss → silent training + # failure. Users opt into bf16 via base_model_dtype in + # .libucks/config.toml when scaling up. + _resolved_dtype = _DTYPE_MAP.get(base_model_dtype, torch.float16) + kwargs["torch_dtype"] = _resolved_dtype self._base_model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id, **kwargs) if _do_sequential_mps_quant: diff --git a/libucks/thinking/text_strategy.py b/libucks/thinking/text_strategy.py deleted file mode 100644 index c351291..0000000 --- a/libucks/thinking/text_strategy.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,64 +0,0 @@ -"""TextStrategy — V1 ThinkingStrategy implementation using the Anthropic API. - -Design: - encode() → returns text unchanged (no embedding; routing uses EmbeddingService) - reason() → constructs a prompt and calls the Anthropic messages API (async) - decode() → returns result unchanged (it is already a str in V1) - -The Anthropic client is dependency-injected to keep tests hermetic. -Use TextStrategy.from_env() in production; pass client= in tests. -""" - -from __future__ import annotations - -from anthropic import AsyncAnthropic - -from libucks.thinking.base import Representation, ThinkingStrategy - -_DEFAULT_MODEL = "claude-haiku-4-5-20251001" -_MAX_TOKENS = 1024 - - -class TextStrategy(ThinkingStrategy): - def __init__( - self, - client: AsyncAnthropic, - model: str = _DEFAULT_MODEL, - ) -> None: - self._client = client - self._model = model - - @property - def model(self) -> str: - return self._model - - @classmethod - def from_env(cls, model: str = _DEFAULT_MODEL) -> "TextStrategy": - """Construct using the ANTHROPIC_API_KEY environment variable.""" - return cls(client=AsyncAnthropic(), model=model) - - # ------------------------------------------------------------------ - # ThinkingStrategy interface - # ------------------------------------------------------------------ - - async def encode(self, text: str) -> Representation: - """V1: passthrough — routing embeddings come from EmbeddingService.""" - return text - - async def reason(self, query: str, context: str) -> Representation: - """Call the Anthropic API and return the response text as a Representation.""" - if context: - prompt = f"Context:\n{context}\n\nQuery: {query}" - else: - prompt = query - - message = await self._client.messages.create( - model=self._model, - max_tokens=_MAX_TOKENS, - messages=[{"role": "user", "content": prompt}], - ) - return message.content[0].text - - async def decode(self, result: Representation) -> str: - """V1: passthrough — result is already a str.""" - return result # type: ignore[return-value] diff --git a/libucks/thinking/training/cache_aug_trainer.py b/libucks/thinking/training/cache_aug_trainer.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2b26df2 --- /dev/null +++ b/libucks/thinking/training/cache_aug_trainer.py @@ -0,0 +1,333 @@ +"""Phase 4-C.5 — Cache augmentation trainer. + +Trains the Coprocessor + CrossBucketFusion on per-bucket Q&A pairs, with the +Qwen-3B receiver FROZEN throughout (per DeepMind 2412.17747 §2.2). Loss is +plain cross-entropy on the answer tokens given the augmented KV cache. + +Why this is much simpler than the existing LoRA trainer: +- No LoRA injection on the receiver — frozen base. +- No L_sep margin loss — DeepMind's setup uses LM loss only and it converges. +- Single forward + backward per training example (no wrong-path no_grad pass). +- All gradient flow lives in the coproc + fusion path; the receiver only + contributes a forward (no_grad equivalent — params have requires_grad=False). + +Pipeline per training step: + bucket_kv (frozen, precomputed) ─► Coprocessor ─► z_b + │ + optional N-bucket fusion ◄───────────┘ + │ + z_fused + │ + "Q: \\nA:" text ──► receiver(use_cache=True) ──► C_input + │ + z_fused (as inputs_embeds) ──► receiver(use_cache=True) ──► C_z + │ + concat C_input + C_z ──► C_aug + │ + receiver(answer_input_ids, past_kv=C_aug) ──► logits + │ + CE loss +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import json +import math +import random +import sys +import time +from dataclasses import dataclass +from pathlib import Path +from typing import Optional + +import torch +import torch.nn.functional as F + +from libucks.cache_augmentation.bucket_kv_cache import BucketKVCache +from libucks.cache_augmentation.coprocessor import Coprocessor +from libucks.cache_augmentation.fusion import CrossBucketFusion + + +def _log(msg: str) -> None: + print(f"[libucks:cache_aug_train] {msg}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True) + + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Data +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +@dataclass +class CacheAugTrainSample: + bucket_id: str + query: str + answer: str + + +# The data_generator falls back to this question when the teacher API returns +# malformed output or the bucket has empty source. Pairs with this question +# carry no useful training signal — answer is just the bucket source name. +_STUB_QUESTION_PREFIX = "Explain concisely what this code does" + + +def load_qa_pairs(qa_cache_path: Path) -> list[CacheAugTrainSample]: + """Read qa_cache.json (produced by the existing data_generator) into a + flat list of training samples. Each pair is a [query, answer] list. + + Drops generic-stub pairs (see _STUB_QUESTION_PREFIX) — they're a + data-generator fallback signal that the teacher couldn't produce a + real Q&A for the bucket. + """ + data = json.loads(qa_cache_path.read_text()) + samples: list[CacheAugTrainSample] = [] + stubs_dropped = 0 + for bid, entry in data.items(): + for pair in entry.get("pairs", []): + if not isinstance(pair, list) or len(pair) < 2: + continue + q, a = pair[0], pair[1] + if not q or not a: + continue + if str(q).startswith(_STUB_QUESTION_PREFIX): + stubs_dropped += 1 + continue + samples.append(CacheAugTrainSample(bucket_id=bid, query=str(q), answer=str(a))) + _log(f"load_qa_pairs: {len(samples)} kept, {stubs_dropped} generic stubs dropped") + return samples + + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Trainer +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +class CacheAugTrainer: + """End-to-end trainer for coproc + fusion against frozen Qwen-3B.""" + + def __init__( + self, + base_model, + tokenizer, + coprocessor: Coprocessor, + fusion: CrossBucketFusion, + bucket_kv_cache: BucketKVCache, + bucket_chunks: dict[str, list], + *, + lr: float = 1e-4, + weight_decay: float = 0.01, + warmup_steps: int = 100, + total_steps: int = 1000, + # Phase 4-C.5.5 curriculum knobs: + store=None, # BucketStore (for verbatim) + text_ratio_choices: tuple = (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0), + max_verbatim_chars: int = 2400, + ) -> None: + self.model = base_model + self.tokenizer = tokenizer + self.coproc = coprocessor + self.fusion = fusion + self.kv_cache = bucket_kv_cache + self.bucket_chunks = bucket_chunks + self.store = store + self.text_ratio_choices = tuple(text_ratio_choices) or (0.0,) + self.max_verbatim_chars = max_verbatim_chars + + # Freeze the receiver — only coproc + fusion train. + for p in self.model.parameters(): + p.requires_grad_(False) + + trainable = list(self.coproc.parameters()) + list(self.fusion.parameters()) + # foreach=False: on MPS, AdamW's fused foreach kernel can no-op .step() + # despite valid grads (sibling MPS bug to the LoRA input-grad-chain one + # in feedback_mps_lora_grad.md). Forcing the slow per-tensor path is + # the only way to make .step() actually apply. + self.optimizer = torch.optim.AdamW( + trainable, lr=lr, weight_decay=weight_decay, eps=1e-6, foreach=False + ) + + def _lr_lambda(step: int) -> float: + # 1-indexed warmup: step 0 starts at 1/warmup_steps (not 0), so + # the FIRST optimizer.step() runs with non-zero lr. LambdaLR + # initializes lr to lambda(0) at construction time; a 0-indexed + # warmup would waste step 0 at lr=0. + if step < warmup_steps: + return (step + 1) / max(1, warmup_steps) + progress = (step - warmup_steps) / max(1, total_steps - warmup_steps) + return 0.5 * (1.0 + math.cos(math.pi * min(1.0, progress))) + + self.scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.LambdaLR(self.optimizer, _lr_lambda) + + self.device = next(self.model.parameters()).device + self.receiver_dtype = next(self.model.parameters()).dtype + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # One step + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + + def _build_z_fused_grad(self, sample: CacheAugTrainSample) -> Optional[torch.Tensor]: + """Run coproc + fusion on a single bucket's cached KV. Returns z_fused + with grad tracked through coproc + fusion params. None if cache miss.""" + flat = self.kv_cache.load( + sample.bucket_id, self.bucket_chunks.get(sample.bucket_id, []), device="cpu" + ) + if flat is None: + return None + # coproc handles the device cast internally via _build_context. + z_b = self.coproc(flat) + z_fused = self.fusion([z_b.to(self.device)]) + return z_fused + + def _sample_verbatim(self, sample: CacheAugTrainSample) -> tuple[str, float]: + """Return (verbatim_text, text_ratio) for this step's prompt. + + Samples text_ratio ~ Uniform(self.text_ratio_choices). Returns the + bucket's source text truncated to text_ratio × max_verbatim_chars. + Returns ("", 0.0) when store is None (legacy mode), text_ratio is 0, + or the bucket source can't be loaded.""" + if self.store is None: + return "", 0.0 + r = random.choice(self.text_ratio_choices) + if r <= 0.0: + return "", 0.0 + try: + from libucks.thinking.training.data_generator import _collect_source_text + fm, _ = self.store.read(sample.bucket_id) + src = _collect_source_text(fm, max_chars=self.max_verbatim_chars * 2) or "" + verbatim = src[: int(r * self.max_verbatim_chars)] + return verbatim, r + except Exception: + return "", 0.0 + + def step(self, sample: CacheAugTrainSample) -> Optional[dict[str, float]]: + """One training step on a single (bucket, query, answer) sample. + + Returns metrics dict, or None if the bucket cache is missing.""" + self.coproc.train() + self.fusion.train() + + # ALL grad-path forwards inside enable_grad to defeat any ambient + # inference_mode from upstream callers (HF fixtures, pytest, etc.). + with torch.inference_mode(False), torch.enable_grad(): + z_fused = self._build_z_fused_grad(sample) + if z_fused is None: + return None + assert z_fused.requires_grad, "z_fused lost grad before forward — check upstream context" + + # Build the prompt KV (frozen, no_grad). + verbatim, text_ratio = self._sample_verbatim(sample) + if verbatim: + prompt = f"{verbatim}\n\nQuestion: {sample.query.strip()}\nAnswer:" + else: + prompt = f"Question: {sample.query.strip()}\nAnswer:" + enc = self.tokenizer( + prompt, return_tensors="pt", truncation=True, max_length=3500 + ).to(self.device) + with torch.no_grad(): + out_in = self.model(input_ids=enc["input_ids"], use_cache=True) + cache_input = out_in.past_key_values + del out_in + + # Build z's KV WITH gradient tracking (this is where grad flows back). + with torch.inference_mode(False), torch.enable_grad(): + z_for_receiver = z_fused.to(dtype=self.receiver_dtype) + out_z = self.model(inputs_embeds=z_for_receiver, use_cache=True) + cache_z = out_z.past_key_values + del out_z + assert cache_z.layers[0].keys.requires_grad, "cache_z lost grad after receiver forward" + + # Concat layer-by-layer. The cache_z keys/values retain grad; cache_input + # is detached. + from transformers.cache_utils import DynamicCache + aug_cache = DynamicCache() + for i in range(len(cache_input.layers)): + k_in = cache_input.layers[i].keys.detach() + v_in = cache_input.layers[i].values.detach() + k_z = cache_z.layers[i].keys + v_z = cache_z.layers[i].values + aug_cache.update(torch.cat([k_in, k_z], dim=2), torch.cat([v_in, v_z], dim=2), layer_idx=i) + assert aug_cache.layers[0].keys.requires_grad, "aug_cache lost grad after concat" + + # Forward over the answer tokens with the augmented cache. + # Targets = answer_ids; inputs = answer_ids shifted by one (or just feed + # answer_ids and predict the same positions; HF causal LM auto-shifts). + ans_enc = self.tokenizer( + sample.answer.strip(), return_tensors="pt", + truncation=True, max_length=256, add_special_tokens=False, + ).to(self.device) + answer_ids = ans_enc["input_ids"] + if answer_ids.shape[1] == 0: + return None + + # Feed answer_ids preceded by a single "bridge" token (last input token) + # so the first answer token has a position to attend from. Simpler: just + # feed answer_ids; HF's logits[t] predicts answer_ids[t+1]. + # We shift inside: input = answer_ids[:-1], target = answer_ids[1:]. + # For very short answers (1 token), skip. + if answer_ids.shape[1] < 2: + return None + in_ids = answer_ids[:, :-1] + tgt_ids = answer_ids[:, 1:] + attn_mask_total = torch.ones( + 1, + enc["input_ids"].shape[1] + z_for_receiver.shape[1] + in_ids.shape[1], + dtype=torch.long, device=self.device, + ) + + with torch.inference_mode(False), torch.enable_grad(): + out_ans = self.model( + input_ids=in_ids, + past_key_values=aug_cache, + attention_mask=attn_mask_total, + use_cache=False, + ) + logits = out_ans.logits # (1, T-1, V) + loss = F.cross_entropy( + logits.float().view(-1, logits.shape[-1]), + tgt_ids.view(-1), + ) + self.optimizer.zero_grad() + loss.backward() + # Pytest can leak ambient inference_mode into backward, locking the + # grad tensors so optimizer.step() silently no-ops. Defensive clone. + for p in list(self.coproc.parameters()) + list(self.fusion.parameters()): + if p.grad is not None and p.grad.is_inference(): + p.grad = p.grad.clone() + + torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_( + list(self.coproc.parameters()) + list(self.fusion.parameters()), + max_norm=1.0, + ) + # MPS: optimizer.step must run inside enable_grad as well — pytest's + # inference_mode shadow extends here in some torch versions. + with torch.inference_mode(False), torch.enable_grad(): + self.optimizer.step() + self.scheduler.step() + + return { + "loss": float(loss.item()), + "lr": float(self.optimizer.param_groups[0]["lr"]), + "n_tokens": int(tgt_ids.numel()), + "text_ratio": float(text_ratio), + } + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # Multi-step driver + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + + def train_epoch(self, samples: list[CacheAugTrainSample]) -> dict[str, float]: + """Run one full pass over the samples in random order.""" + order = list(range(len(samples))) + random.shuffle(order) + _log(f"epoch start: n_samples={len(samples)} lr={self.optimizer.param_groups[0]['lr']:.2e}") + losses = [] + skipped = 0 + for i, idx in enumerate(order): + metrics = self.step(samples[idx]) + if metrics is None: + skipped += 1 + continue + losses.append(metrics["loss"]) + if (i + 1) % 10 == 0: + _log(f" step {i+1}/{len(order)}: loss={metrics['loss']:.3f} lr={metrics['lr']:.2e}") + return { + "mean_loss": sum(losses) / max(1, len(losses)), + "n_steps": len(losses), + "skipped": skipped, + } diff --git a/libucks/thinking/training/cartridge_trainer.py b/libucks/thinking/training/cartridge_trainer.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..70ec034 --- /dev/null +++ b/libucks/thinking/training/cartridge_trainer.py @@ -0,0 +1,508 @@ +"""Cartridge Memory (CM-A) — context-distillation trainer. + +Trains a per-bucket KVPrefixCartridge so the FROZEN receiver, given only the +cartridge prefix (no verbatim), reproduces the next-token distribution it +produces WITH the full verbatim context. This is the objective libucks was +missing (Phase 4-C used cosine/CE only); per arXiv 2605.28889 / Cartridges +2506.06266 it is what makes a latent channel carry facts. + +Per distillation step, for one (verbatim, query): + teacher = frozen model, context [verbatim, "Question: q\\nAnswer:"] + → greedy-generate answer a AND capture per-token logits (no_grad) + student = frozen model, prefix = cartridge KV, input ["Question: q\\nAnswer:", a] + → logits at the answer positions (grad → cartridge) + loss = KL(teacher ‖ student) over a (+ optional CE on a) + backward → cartridge prefix only (receiver params requires_grad=False) + +MPS correctness patterns (inference_mode/enable_grad guards, foreach=False, +defensive grad.clone, step under enable_grad) are copied verbatim from +cache_aug_trainer.py, which validated them on this exact hardware. +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import faulthandler +import json +import math +import random +import sys +from pathlib import Path +from typing import Any, Optional + +import torch +import torch.nn.functional as F + +from libucks.cache_augmentation.cartridge import KVPrefixCartridge +from libucks.thinking.training.losses import distillation_loss + +# MPS runs have wedged mid-step inside Metal waitUntilCompleted (CM-A.1 step +# ~180; CM-A.2 fe7ded0d epoch 1) with no traceback. Each precompute/train +# iteration re-arms this watchdog; a step stalling past the timeout dumps all +# thread stacks to stderr every interval instead of hanging silently for hours. +_STALL_DUMP_SECS = 300 + +# Prompt token budget. Was a bare `3500` literal at three sites in this file +# (plus decode.py, cache_aug_trainer.py and test_latent_vs_baseline.py — those +# still carry the literal and should be folded in separately). +# +# The teacher paths below truncate at this budget, which means every cartridge +# distilled so far was supervised by a teacher that saw only the first 3500 +# tokens of its bucket. For the 4,599-token stratified bucket that is the first +# 76%. Recorded here because it bounds the CM-B cartridge numbers; not changed, +# because changing it would silently re-scope every prior run. +# +# `generate_answer` does NOT truncate — it raises. See test_prompt_budget.py. +MAX_PROMPT_TOKENS = 3500 + + +def _log(msg: str) -> None: + print(f"[libucks:cartridge_train] {msg}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True) + + +class CartridgeTrainer: + def __init__( + self, + base_model, + tokenizer, + *, + temperature: float = 2.0, + alpha_ce: float = 0.3, + max_answer_tokens: int = 32, + max_verbatim_chars: int = 3000, + ) -> None: + self.model = base_model + self.tokenizer = tokenizer + self.temperature = temperature + self.alpha_ce = alpha_ce + self.max_answer_tokens = max_answer_tokens + self.max_verbatim_chars = max_verbatim_chars + + self.model.eval() + for p in self.model.parameters(): + p.requires_grad_(False) + + self.device = next(self.model.parameters()).device + self.receiver_dtype = next(self.model.parameters()).dtype + self.eos_id = tokenizer.eos_token_id + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + def _q_text(self, query: str, verbatim: str = "") -> str: + if verbatim: + return f"{verbatim}\n\nQuestion: {query.strip()}\nAnswer:" + return f"Question: {query.strip()}\nAnswer:" + + @torch.no_grad() + def _teacher_generate( + self, verbatim: str, query: str + ) -> Optional[tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]]: + """Greedy-generate the teacher's answer from full context and capture + the aligned per-token logits. Returns (answer_ids (A,), logits (A, V)) + or None if the teacher emits no tokens.""" + with torch.inference_mode(False), torch.no_grad(): + ctx = self._q_text(query, verbatim[: self.max_verbatim_chars]) + enc = self.tokenizer( + ctx, return_tensors="pt", truncation=True, + max_length=MAX_PROMPT_TOKENS, + ).to(self.device) + out = self.model( + input_ids=enc["input_ids"], + attention_mask=enc["attention_mask"], + use_cache=True, + ) + cache = out.past_key_values + next_logits = out.logits[:, -1, :] # predicts answer[0] + + answer_ids: list[int] = [] + teacher_logits: list[torch.Tensor] = [] + for _ in range(self.max_answer_tokens): + teacher_logits.append(next_logits[0].detach().clone()) + nxt = int(next_logits[0].argmax().item()) + if nxt == self.eos_id: + break + answer_ids.append(nxt) + step_in = torch.tensor([[nxt]], dtype=torch.long, device=self.device) + out = self.model(input_ids=step_in, past_key_values=cache, use_cache=True) + cache = out.past_key_values + next_logits = out.logits[:, -1, :] + + a = len(answer_ids) + if a == 0: + return None + # teacher_logits[j] is the distribution that produced answer[j]. + ans_logits = torch.stack(teacher_logits[:a], dim=0).float() # (A, V) + ans_ids = torch.tensor(answer_ids, dtype=torch.long, device=self.device) + return ans_ids, ans_logits + + @torch.no_grad() + def _teacher_forced_logits( + self, verbatim: str, query: str, answer_ids: torch.Tensor + ) -> torch.Tensor: + """Teacher logits over a KNOWN answer via a SINGLE forward (teacher-forced). + + The teacher is frozen + deterministic, so once the greedy answer is known + (precomputed once) its per-position logits are constant across epochs and + recoverable with one forward — vs. 48 sequential forwards for greedy gen. + Returns (A, V) aligned to answer_ids[0..A-1].""" + with torch.inference_mode(False), torch.no_grad(): + ctx = self._q_text(query, verbatim[: self.max_verbatim_chars]) + ctx_ids = self.tokenizer( + ctx, return_tensors="pt", truncation=True, + max_length=MAX_PROMPT_TOKENS, + )["input_ids"].to(self.device) + fed = torch.cat([ctx_ids, answer_ids.view(1, -1)], dim=1) + out = self.model(input_ids=fed, use_cache=False) + lc = ctx_ids.shape[1] + a = answer_ids.shape[0] + # logits[lc-1 : lc-1+A] predict answer[0..A-1]. + return out.logits[0, lc - 1 : lc - 1 + a, :].detach().float() + + def _student_logits( + self, cartridge: KVPrefixCartridge, query: str, answer_ids: torch.Tensor + ) -> torch.Tensor: + """Logits at the answer positions from the cartridge-conditioned forward. + Grad flows into the cartridge prefix. Must be called under enable_grad.""" + prefix_cache = cartridge.to_dynamic_cache(self.device, dtype=self.receiver_dtype) + q_ids = self.tokenizer( + self._q_text(query), return_tensors="pt", truncation=True, max_length=1024 + )["input_ids"].to(self.device) + fed = torch.cat([q_ids, answer_ids.view(1, -1)], dim=1) # (1, Lq + A) + total_len = cartridge.prefix_len + fed.shape[1] + attn = torch.ones(1, total_len, dtype=torch.long, device=self.device) + + out = self.model( + input_ids=fed, + past_key_values=prefix_cache, + attention_mask=attn, + use_cache=False, + ) + logits = out.logits # (1, Lq + A, V) + lq = q_ids.shape[1] + a = answer_ids.shape[0] + # logits[:, lq-1 : lq-1+A] predict answer[0..A-1]. + return logits[0, lq - 1 : lq - 1 + a, :] + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + def _optimize( + self, cartridge, optimizer, scheduler, query: str, + answer_ids: torch.Tensor, teacher_ans_logits: torch.Tensor, + ) -> dict[str, float]: + """Student forward + KL(+CE) distill + step, given precomputed teacher + target. Shared by step() (greedy) and _step_cached (teacher-forced).""" + with torch.inference_mode(False), torch.enable_grad(): + student_ans_logits = self._student_logits(cartridge, query, answer_ids) + kl = distillation_loss(student_ans_logits, teacher_ans_logits, self.temperature) + loss = kl + if self.alpha_ce > 0: + ce = F.cross_entropy(student_ans_logits.float(), answer_ids) + loss = kl + self.alpha_ce * ce + optimizer.zero_grad() + loss.backward() + for p in cartridge.parameters(): + if p.grad is not None and p.grad.is_inference(): + p.grad = p.grad.clone() + + torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(cartridge.parameters(), max_norm=1.0) + with torch.inference_mode(False), torch.enable_grad(): + optimizer.step() + scheduler.step() + if self.device.type == "mps": + torch.mps.empty_cache() + return { + "loss": float(loss.item()), + "kl": float(kl.item()), + "n_ans": int(answer_ids.shape[0]), + "lr": float(optimizer.param_groups[0]["lr"]), + } + + def _step_cached( + self, cartridge, optimizer, scheduler, verbatim: str, query: str, + answer_ids: torch.Tensor, + ) -> dict[str, float]: + """Training step with a precomputed teacher answer — teacher logits via + one forward (fast path used across all epochs).""" + teacher_ans_logits = self._teacher_forced_logits(verbatim, query, answer_ids) + return self._optimize(cartridge, optimizer, scheduler, query, answer_ids, teacher_ans_logits) + + def step( + self, cartridge, optimizer, scheduler, verbatim: str, query: str + ) -> Optional[dict[str, float]]: + gen = self._teacher_generate(verbatim, query) + if gen is None: + return None + answer_ids, teacher_ans_logits = gen + return self._optimize(cartridge, optimizer, scheduler, query, answer_ids, teacher_ans_logits) + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + def distill_bucket( + self, + cartridge: KVPrefixCartridge, + verbatim: str, + queries: list[str], + *, + epochs: int = 2, + lr: float = 1e-2, + weight_decay: float = 0.0, + checkpoint_path: str | Path | None = None, + best_path: str | Path | None = None, + seed: int | None = None, + ) -> dict[str, Any]: + """Distill one bucket's cartridge over its self-study queries. + + Teacher answers are precomputed ONCE (greedy) and reused across epochs — + the teacher is frozen+deterministic, so per-epoch regeneration is wasted + work. Training steps then get teacher logits via a single teacher-forced + forward (fast) instead of 48-step greedy generation. + + With checkpoint_path set, the cartridge is saved after every epoch and a + `.json` sidecar records how many epochs it contains, so + an MPS wedge loses at most one epoch rather than the whole bucket. + + Resuming is the CALLER's job: load the checkpoint into the cartridge and + pass the remaining epoch count. See `scripts/cm_distill_buckets.py`. + Until CM-B.0b nothing ever read the checkpoint back, so the guarantee in + this docstring was not actually delivered — a wedge cost the full ~2 h + bucket. Note that a resumed run's `init_mean_kl` is the first RESUMED + epoch, not the true pre-training value. + + With `best_path` set, the lowest-mean-KL epoch is ALSO retained there, + with a `.json` sidecar naming the winning epoch. Training is + not otherwise affected. This is opt-in because selecting the best of N + epochs is a protocol change: a run that does it is not comparable to one + that does not, and CM-A.1-retry (the reference result) took the last + epoch. CM-B.0b needed this — bc6b90e2's epoch means were 5.4433, + 4.1816, 5.2721, 5.2284, and it promoted the 5.2284. + + `seed` makes the per-epoch query shuffle reproducible. Without it the + global `random` is used and no two runs see the same order, which is why + this track has no error bars: 2/8 vs 4/8, 7/25 vs 10/25 and 5/8 vs 1/8 + are all single samples with unmeasured variance. Vary the seed with + everything else fixed to measure it. Note this seeds the ORDER only — + cartridge init uses `torch.randn` separately, and warm-starting from + extracted KV overwrites it anyway.""" + cartridge.train() + cartridge.to(self.device) + try: + return self._distill_bucket_inner( + cartridge, verbatim, queries, + epochs=epochs, lr=lr, weight_decay=weight_decay, + checkpoint_path=checkpoint_path, best_path=best_path, + seed=seed, + ) + finally: + faulthandler.cancel_dump_traceback_later() + + def _distill_bucket_inner( + self, + cartridge: KVPrefixCartridge, + verbatim: str, + queries: list[str], + *, + epochs: int, + lr: float, + weight_decay: float, + checkpoint_path: str | Path | None, + best_path: str | Path | None = None, + seed: int | None = None, + ) -> dict[str, Any]: + # --- precompute teacher answers once (greedy) --- + _log(f"precomputing teacher answers for {len(queries)} queries ...") + qa: list[tuple[str, torch.Tensor]] = [] + for i, q in enumerate(queries): + faulthandler.dump_traceback_later(_STALL_DUMP_SECS, repeat=True, exit=False) + gen = self._teacher_generate(verbatim, q) + if gen is None: + continue + qa.append((q, gen[0])) # (query, answer_ids); discard greedy logits + if self.device.type == "mps": + torch.mps.empty_cache() + if (i + 1) % 10 == 0: + _log(f" precomputed {i+1}/{len(queries)}") + _log(f"precomputed {len(qa)} usable (query, answer) pairs") + if not qa: + return {"epoch_mean_kl": [], "init_mean_kl": 0.0, "final_mean_kl": 0.0, + "n_queries": 0, "best_epoch": None, "best_mean_kl": None} + + total_steps = max(1, epochs * len(qa)) + warmup = max(1, total_steps // 10) + optimizer = torch.optim.AdamW( + cartridge.parameters(), lr=lr, weight_decay=weight_decay, + eps=1e-6, foreach=False, + ) + + def _lr_lambda(step: int) -> float: + if step < warmup: + return (step + 1) / warmup + progress = (step - warmup) / max(1, total_steps - warmup) + return 0.5 * (1.0 + math.cos(math.pi * min(1.0, progress))) + + scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.LambdaLR(optimizer, _lr_lambda) + + history: list[float] = [] + first_kls: list[float] = [] + last_kls: list[float] = [] + best_mean_kl = float("inf") + best_epoch: int | None = None + # A dedicated Random when seeded, so reproducibility does not depend on + # global RNG state that any other import could have advanced. + rng = random.Random(seed) if seed is not None else random + for ep in range(epochs): + order = list(range(len(qa))) + rng.shuffle(order) + ep_kls: list[float] = [] + for i, idx in enumerate(order): + faulthandler.dump_traceback_later(_STALL_DUMP_SECS, repeat=True, exit=False) + q, ans = qa[idx] + m = self._step_cached(cartridge, optimizer, scheduler, verbatim, q, ans) + ep_kls.append(m["kl"]) + if self.device.type == "mps" and (i + 1) % 20 == 0: + # Flush the Metal command queue at a controlled point; the + # observed wedge is an unbounded waitUntilCompleted deep in + # a step after long uninterrupted queueing. + torch.mps.synchronize() + if (i + 1) % 40 == 0: + _log(f" ep{ep} step {i+1}/{len(order)}: kl={m['kl']:.3f} loss={m['loss']:.3f} lr={m['lr']:.2e}") + mean_kl = sum(ep_kls) / max(1, len(ep_kls)) + history.append(mean_kl) + if ep == 0: + first_kls = ep_kls + last_kls = ep_kls + _log(f"epoch {ep}: mean_kl={mean_kl:.4f} steps={len(ep_kls)}") + if checkpoint_path is not None: + cartridge.save(checkpoint_path) + # Sidecar records how many epochs the checkpoint actually + # contains. Without it a resume cannot know how many remain and + # would silently re-run all of them — which is why the + # checkpoint was write-only and the "loses at most one epoch" + # claim was false until CM-B.0b. + Path(str(checkpoint_path) + ".json").write_text( + json.dumps({"epochs_done": ep + 1, "mean_kl": mean_kl}) + ) + _log(f" checkpoint saved (epoch {ep}, {ep + 1} done) -> {checkpoint_path}") + + # Retain the best epoch SEPARATELY. It must not share + # `checkpoint_path`: that file's sidecar promises `epochs_done` + # epochs of training, and skipping a write on a worse epoch would + # leave the two out of step and rewind a resume. + if best_path is not None and mean_kl < best_mean_kl: + best_mean_kl, best_epoch = mean_kl, ep + cartridge.save(best_path) + Path(str(best_path) + ".json").write_text( + json.dumps({"best_epoch": ep, "best_mean_kl": mean_kl}) + ) + _log(f" best so far (epoch {ep}, mean_kl={mean_kl:.4f}) -> {best_path}") + + return { + "epoch_mean_kl": history, + "init_mean_kl": sum(first_kls) / max(1, len(first_kls)), + "final_mean_kl": sum(last_kls) / max(1, len(last_kls)), + "n_queries": len(qa), + "best_epoch": best_epoch, + "best_mean_kl": None if best_epoch is None else best_mean_kl, + } + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + @torch.no_grad() + def generate_answer( + self, cartridge: KVPrefixCartridge | None, query: str, + *, max_new_tokens: int = 64, verbatim: str = "", + max_prompt_tokens: int = MAX_PROMPT_TOKENS, + prefix_factory: Any = None, + ) -> str: + """Greedy-decode an answer from the cartridge prefix (latent-alone when + verbatim=""). Used for the CM-A.1 proof and eval. + + `cartridge=None` attaches no prefix at all — the no-context FLOOR. It + exists here, rather than as a separate decode loop in a script, so the + floor and the cartridge run differ in exactly one respect: the presence + of the prefix. Tokenisation, the query template, greedy selection, EOS + handling and mask construction are shared by construction, so a + cartridge-minus-floor delta cannot be an artefact of two decoders + disagreeing. CM-B.0d made this the load-bearing number: 4.33/16 means + nothing until the floor is known. + + A non-empty `verbatim` makes this the text-in-prompt CEILING CONTROL, and + that arm is only valid uncut: this method therefore RAISES on a prompt + over `max_prompt_tokens` rather than truncating to it. Qwen truncates + right, so a silent cut would drop the tail of the bucket — precisely + where the positionally-stratified fixtures put their target facts — and + the crippled control would agree with the cache arm and be misread as + confirming the ceiling. Widen the budget explicitly instead. + + `prefix_factory` is the cheap form of that control: a zero-argument + callable returning `(prefix_cache, prefix_len)`. The bucket text is + prefilled ONCE into a live cache by the caller and each query forwards + only its own tail against a COPY — 26 fixtures cost one large forward + instead of 26, which is what the naive version could not survive (16 GB + plus 20 GB of swap exhausted, wedged after 2 of 26). + + It is a FACTORY and not a cache on purpose. DynamicCache is mutated in + place by the loop below, so a reused object would append fixture N's + decoded answer to fixture N+1's prefix — silent cross-contamination of + every fixture after the first. Being handed a factory makes freshness + structural rather than a caller convention. See + tests/unit/test_text_prefill_control.py. + """ + if prefix_factory is not None and cartridge is not None: + raise ValueError( + "pass either cartridge or prefix_factory, not both — both attach " + "a prefix and the second would silently win" + ) + if prefix_factory is not None and verbatim: + raise ValueError( + "prefix_factory with a non-empty verbatim would count the context " + "twice, once as cache and once as prompt text" + ) + with torch.inference_mode(False), torch.no_grad(): + prefix_cache = None + prefix_len = 0 + if prefix_factory is not None: + # Called per generation, never cached on self — see the freshness + # tests. The caller owns the copy; we only consume it. + prefix_cache, prefix_len = prefix_factory() + prefix_len = int(prefix_len) + elif cartridge is not None: + cartridge.eval() + prefix_cache = cartridge.to_dynamic_cache( + self.device, dtype=self.receiver_dtype + ) + prefix_len = cartridge.prefix_len + q_ids = self.tokenizer( + self._q_text(query, verbatim), return_tensors="pt", + )["input_ids"] + n_prompt = int(q_ids.shape[1]) + if n_prompt > max_prompt_tokens: + raise ValueError( + f"prompt is {n_prompt} tokens, over max_prompt_tokens=" + f"{max_prompt_tokens}. Raise the budget or shorten the " + f"context deliberately — this truncated silently until " + f"2026-07-30, which is how three earlier results went wrong." + ) + q_ids = q_ids.to(self.device) + cur_len = prefix_len + q_ids.shape[1] + attn = torch.ones(1, cur_len, dtype=torch.long, device=self.device) + out = self.model( + input_ids=q_ids, past_key_values=prefix_cache, + attention_mask=attn, use_cache=True, + ) + cache = out.past_key_values + next_logits = out.logits[:, -1, :] + + gen: list[int] = [] + for _ in range(max_new_tokens): + nxt = int(next_logits[0].argmax().item()) + if nxt == self.eos_id: + break + gen.append(nxt) + cur_len += 1 + attn = torch.ones(1, cur_len, dtype=torch.long, device=self.device) + step_in = torch.tensor([[nxt]], dtype=torch.long, device=self.device) + out = self.model( + input_ids=step_in, past_key_values=cache, + attention_mask=attn, use_cache=True, + ) + cache = out.past_key_values + next_logits = out.logits[:, -1, :] + + text = self.tokenizer.decode(gen, skip_special_tokens=True).strip() + if self.device.type == "mps": + torch.mps.empty_cache() + return text diff --git a/libucks/thinking/training/data_generator.py b/libucks/thinking/training/data_generator.py index d460287..c16d663 100644 --- a/libucks/thinking/training/data_generator.py +++ b/libucks/thinking/training/data_generator.py @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ """MultiPerspectiveDataGenerator — produces contrastive training triplets. -For each bucket, the V1 TextStrategy teacher generates three complementary +For each bucket, the Anthropic teacher model generates three complementary perspectives on the bucket's prose: 1. Summary — what the code does, concisely 2. Logic Flow — control structure and algorithmic decisions @@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ The teacher's summary text is also encoded to form the target latent that the CommunicationAdapter should learn to align with. + +Requires the `train` optional extra: pip install libucks[train] """ from __future__ import annotations @@ -28,7 +30,18 @@ def _read_chunk_content(meta) -> str: - """Read lines [start_line, end_line] from the chunk's source file.""" + """Read lines [start_line, end_line] from the chunk's source file. + + CONTENT variant — returns "" when the file is unreadable, because this text + is shown to a model or a user as source code and a bare path masquerading + as file content is a hallucination source. Every caller already skips + falsy content. + + Deliberately NOT the same as the GEOMETRY variant in mitosis.py (shared by + merging_service and health_monitor), which falls back to the path so that + dead chunks do not all collapse onto one degenerate embedding. See + tests/unit/test_read_chunk_content_families.py before unifying these. + """ try: lines = Path(meta.source_file).read_text(errors="replace").splitlines() return "\n".join(lines[meta.start_line - 1 : meta.end_line]) @@ -38,6 +51,8 @@ def _read_chunk_content(meta) -> str: def _collect_source_text(front_matter, max_chars: int = 3000) -> str: """Concatenate actual code content from ChunkMetadata, up to max_chars.""" + if not hasattr(front_matter, "chunks"): + return "" parts = [] total = 0 for meta in front_matter.chunks: @@ -46,6 +61,12 @@ def _collect_source_text(front_matter, max_chars: int = 3000) -> str: continue block = f"# {meta.source_file}\n{content}\n" if total + len(block) > max_chars: + # Slice-on-overflow: a block larger than the remaining budget is + # truncated rather than dropped, so a bucket whose first chunk + # exceeds max_chars still yields text instead of "". + remaining = max_chars - total + if remaining > 0: + parts.append(block[:remaining]) break parts.append(block) total += len(block) @@ -85,27 +106,47 @@ class TrainingSample: class MultiPerspectiveDataGenerator: - """Generates TrainingSamples by combining a V1 teacher with a V2 LatentStrategy. + """Generates TrainingSamples using an Anthropic teacher + V2 LatentStrategy. Args: - text_strategy: V1 TextStrategy (calls Anthropic API) — the teacher. latent_strategy: V2 LatentStrategy (local model) — produces tensors. registry: BucketRegistry — for centroid-based negative mining. store: BucketStore — for reading bucket prose. + teacher_model: Anthropic model ID for the teacher (default: claude-haiku-4-5-20251001). + max_tokens: Max tokens per teacher response. """ def __init__( self, - text_strategy, latent_strategy, registry, store, + teacher_model: str = "claude-haiku-4-5-20251001", + max_tokens: int = 1024, ) -> None: - self._text_strategy = text_strategy + try: + import anthropic + self._client = anthropic.AsyncAnthropic() + except ImportError as exc: + raise ImportError( + "MultiPerspectiveDataGenerator requires anthropic. " + "Install with: pip install libucks[train]" + ) from exc + self._teacher_model = teacher_model + self._max_tokens = max_tokens self._latent_strategy = latent_strategy self._registry = registry self._store = store + async def _teacher_reason(self, prompt: str, context: str) -> str: + """Call the Anthropic teacher model and return the response text.""" + response = await self._client.messages.create( + model=self._teacher_model, + max_tokens=self._max_tokens, + messages=[{"role": "user", "content": f"{prompt}\n\n{context}"}], + ) + return response.content[0].text + async def generate(self, bucket_id: str) -> TrainingSample: """Generate a TrainingSample for the given bucket. @@ -123,11 +164,13 @@ async def generate(self, bucket_id: str) -> TrainingSample: # ------------------------------------------------------------------ # teacher_texts: list[str] = [] for prompt in PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS: - text = await self._text_strategy.reason(prompt, prose) + text = await self._teacher_reason(prompt, prose) teacher_texts.append(text) librarian_latents: list[torch.Tensor] = [] for text in teacher_texts: + if not text or not text.strip(): + continue latent = await self._latent_strategy.encode(text) librarian_latents.append(latent) @@ -188,7 +231,7 @@ async def generate_curriculum_batch( source_text = _collect_source_text(front_matter, max_chars=3000) or prose # Get teacher summary text from actual code (not metadata prose) - summary_text = await self._text_strategy.reason(PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS[0], source_text) + summary_text = await self._teacher_reason(PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS[0], source_text) # Encode via reason() to match inference-time encoding distribution # (_handle_query also calls strategy.reason(), not encode()) @@ -260,6 +303,8 @@ async def _mine_hard_negatives( if NEG_SIM_LO <= sim <= NEG_SIM_HI: _, other_prose = self._store.read(other_id) + if not other_prose or not other_prose.strip(): + continue neg_latent = await self._latent_strategy.encode(other_prose) negatives.append(neg_latent) diff --git a/libucks/thinking/training/lora_trainer.py b/libucks/thinking/training/lora_trainer.py index 3c33c2c..c534548 100644 --- a/libucks/thinking/training/lora_trainer.py +++ b/libucks/thinking/training/lora_trainer.py @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import torch.nn as nn import torch.nn.functional as F -from libucks.thinking.training.losses import separation_loss +from libucks.thinking.training.losses import separation_loss, alignment_loss, margin_separation_loss try: from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit as _Linear4bit @@ -43,13 +43,68 @@ # ── Lightweight manual LoRA ────────────────────────────────────────────────── +class _LoRADeltaFn(torch.autograd.Function): + """MPS-safe LoRA delta: float32 compute, native-dtype output, correct gradients. + + Root cause: on MPS, float32→float16 downcasts (.to(dtype)) do NOT register + ToCopyBackward, silently dropping grad_fn and severing lora_A/lora_B from the + computation graph. Float16→float32 upcasts (.float()) DO work (ToCopyBackward0). + Any approach that ends with a f32→f16 downcast — whether in LoRALinear.forward + or in downstream attention ops — kills the grad chain. + + Fix: custom autograd.Function that computes in float32 but manually manages + backward. The forward returns x.dtype (float16) — correct values, correct shape — + and the backward provides exact gradient formulas without relying on MPS autograd. + """ + + @staticmethod + def forward(ctx, x, lora_A, lora_B, scaling): # type: ignore[override] + x_f32 = x.float() + h = x_f32 @ lora_A.t() # (S, r) float32 + out = (h @ lora_B.t()) * scaling # (S, d_out) float32 + ctx.save_for_backward(x_f32, lora_A, lora_B) + ctx.scaling = scaling + return out.to(x.dtype) # float16 — no autograd; custom backward below + + @staticmethod + def backward(ctx, grad_output): # type: ignore[override] + x_f32, lora_A, lora_B = ctx.saved_tensors + g = grad_output.float() # float16 → float32 for numerics + sc = ctx.scaling + + # out = (x @ lora_A.T) @ lora_B.T * sc + # x may be 3D (B, S, d_in) in attention; flatten all batch dims for grad formulas. + orig_shape = x_f32.shape + d_in = lora_A.shape[1] + d_out = lora_B.shape[0] + + x_2d = x_f32.reshape(-1, d_in) # (N, d_in) + g_2d = g.reshape(-1, d_out) # (N, d_out) + h_2d = x_2d @ lora_A.t() # (N, r) — recompute; cheaper than saving + + # ∂L/∂lora_B = (∂L/∂out).T @ h * sc + grad_lora_B = g_2d.t() @ h_2d * sc # (d_out, r) + + # ∂L/∂h = ∂L/∂out @ lora_B * sc + grad_h_2d = g_2d @ lora_B * sc # (N, r) + + # ∂L/∂lora_A = (∂L/∂h).T @ x + grad_lora_A = grad_h_2d.t() @ x_2d # (r, d_in) + + # ∂L/∂x = ∂L/∂h @ lora_A + grad_x = (grad_h_2d @ lora_A).reshape(orig_shape).to(grad_output.dtype) + + return grad_x, grad_lora_A, grad_lora_B, None + + class LoRALinear(nn.Module): """Drop-in replacement for nn.Linear that adds a low-rank delta. W_effective = W_base + (lora_B @ lora_A) * scaling """ - def __init__(self, linear: nn.Linear, r: int, alpha: float) -> None: + def __init__(self, linear: nn.Linear, r: int, alpha: float, + device: "torch.device | None" = None) -> None: super().__init__() self.base = linear d_in = linear.in_features @@ -57,54 +112,74 @@ def __init__(self, linear: nn.Linear, r: int, alpha: float) -> None: # Freeze the pre-trained base weights for p in self.base.parameters(): p.requires_grad_(False) - # LoRA matrices — float32 regardless of model dtype so AdamW state stays - # float32. Float16 exp_avg_sq overflows (max ~65504) when gradients are - # large on an untrained model, corrupting the model after epoch 1. - # In forward(), matrices are cast to x.dtype so the computation stays - # float16 (fast), but gradients flow back as float32 to the params. - base_device = linear.weight.device - self.lora_A = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(r, d_in, device=base_device) * 0.01) - self.lora_B = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(d_out, r, device=base_device)) + # LoRA matrices stay float32 so AdamW state stays float32. + # Float16 exp_avg_sq overflows (~65504 max) on an untrained model. + # Device is passed explicitly from LoRAReceiverTrainer so that + # quantized layers (Linear4bit) whose weight buffer may live on CPU + # still get lora_A/lora_B on the model's MPS computation device. + if device is None: + device = linear.weight.device + self.lora_A = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(r, d_in, device=device) * 0.01) + # Non-zero lora_B init: lora_B=0 causes ∂loss/∂lora_A = (lora_B^T @ g) @ x^T = 0 + # at step 1, so lora_A never receives Q=0 (soft_prompt) gradient until lora_B has + # grown from Q=1 (query token) updates — by then soft_prompts are in lora_B's null + # space and lora_A stays frozen for Q=0 inputs indefinitely. + # Scale 0.001 keeps the initial LoRA perturbation ~1e-5 × input norm (negligible), + # while ensuring both parameters get non-zero gradient from the very first step. + self.lora_B = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(d_out, r, device=device) * 0.001) self.lora_scaling = alpha / r def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: base_out = self.base(x) - lora_out = (x @ self.lora_A.to(x.dtype).T) @ self.lora_B.to(x.dtype).T - return base_out + lora_out * self.lora_scaling + lora_delta = _LoRADeltaFn.apply(x, self.lora_A, self.lora_B, self.lora_scaling) + return base_out + lora_delta def _inject_lora_into_module_dict( - module: nn.ModuleDict, targets: tuple[str, ...], r: int, alpha: float + module: nn.ModuleDict, targets: tuple[str, ...], r: int, alpha: float, + device: "torch.device | None" = None, ) -> None: """Recursively wrap target Linear layers inside a ModuleDict.""" for key in list(module.keys()): child = module[key] if key in targets and isinstance(child, _LINEAR_TYPES): - module[key] = LoRALinear(child, r, alpha) + module[key] = LoRALinear(child, r, alpha, device=device) elif isinstance(child, (nn.ModuleDict, nn.ModuleList, nn.Module)): - _inject_lora(child, targets, r, alpha) + _inject_lora(child, targets, r, alpha, device=device) -def _inject_lora(module: nn.Module, targets: tuple[str, ...], r: int, alpha: float) -> None: +def _inject_lora(module: nn.Module, targets: tuple[str, ...], r: int, alpha: float, + device: "torch.device | None" = None) -> None: """Walk the full module tree and replace target nn.Linear layers with LoRALinear.""" for name, child in list(module.named_children()): if isinstance(child, nn.ModuleDict): for key in list(child.keys()): sub = child[key] if key in targets and isinstance(sub, _LINEAR_TYPES): - child[key] = LoRALinear(sub, r, alpha) + child[key] = LoRALinear(sub, r, alpha, device=device) else: - _inject_lora(sub, targets, r, alpha) + _inject_lora(sub, targets, r, alpha, device=device) elif name in targets and isinstance(child, _LINEAR_TYPES): - setattr(module, name, LoRALinear(child, r, alpha)) + setattr(module, name, LoRALinear(child, r, alpha, device=device)) else: - _inject_lora(child, targets, r, alpha) + _inject_lora(child, targets, r, alpha, device=device) # ── Trainer ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -_LORA_TARGETS = ("q_proj", "k_proj", "v_proj", "o_proj", "gate_proj", "up_proj", "down_proj") -_SEP_LAMBDA = 0.1 # weight for separation loss term +# o_proj is required for gradient flow on MPS with mps_bitsandbytes quantization: +# 4-bit layers return requires_grad=False outputs (no autograd through input). +# q_proj/v_proj lora_delta IS in the attention computation (attn_out.rg=True), +# but o_proj (4-bit) BLOCKS it from the residual. Adding o_proj LoRA bridges +# the gap: lora_delta_o(attn_out) is added directly to the residual, connecting +# loss → h → lora_delta_o → attn_out → q → lora_delta_q → lora_A_q. +_LORA_TARGETS = ("q_proj", "v_proj", "o_proj") +# λ=1.0 with margin loss: sep starts at ~2.0 nats when model ignores latent, +# contributing 2.0 / (task_q0 ≈ 8.7) ≈ 23% of the gradient magnitude. +# Unlike JSD (which collapses to 0 when model ignores latent), margin loss +# always has a gradient, so λ=1.0 is safe from the chicken-and-egg failure. +_SEP_LAMBDA = 0.1 +_ALIGN_LAMBDA = 0.05 class LoRAReceiverTrainer: @@ -124,76 +199,170 @@ def __init__( lora_alpha: float = 4.0, lr: float = 2e-4, warmup_steps: int = 0, + total_steps: int = 0, + sep_lambda: float = _SEP_LAMBDA, ) -> None: - _inject_lora(model, _LORA_TARGETS, lora_r, lora_alpha) + self.sep_lambda = sep_lambda + # Determine the model's computation device from non-quantized parameters + # (embed_tokens, layernorms, lm_head) before LoRA injection. For 4-bit + # models, quantized linear weights are uint8 buffers that may report a + # different device than the one used for float activations. + _pre_params = list(model.parameters()) + lora_device = _pre_params[0].device if _pre_params else torch.device("cpu") + _inject_lora(model, _LORA_TARGETS, lora_r, lora_alpha, device=lora_device) self.model = model - # Freeze everything except LoRA params — embed_tokens and lm_head stay - # frozen (token recycling: <|im_start|>/<|im_end|> are used as frame - # boundaries so no new embeddings are needed). - for name, param in self.model.named_parameters(): - param.requires_grad_("lora_" in name) - - trainable = [p for p in self.model.parameters() if p.requires_grad] + # Freeze everything first, then explicitly re-enable only LoRA params. + # Using isinstance(LoRALinear) instead of "lora_" string matching avoids + # silent failure when HuggingFace renames internal modules — name-based + # matching would freeze everything and produce no grad_fn on any forward + # pass, causing "does not require grad" on every .backward() call. + for param in self.model.parameters(): + param.requires_grad_(False) + + trainable: list[nn.Parameter] = [] + for module in self.model.modules(): + if isinstance(module, LoRALinear): + module.lora_A.requires_grad_(True) + module.lora_B.requires_grad_(True) + trainable.extend([module.lora_A, module.lora_B]) + + if not trainable: + raise RuntimeError( + "LoRA injection produced zero trainable parameters. " + "Check that the base model has q_proj / v_proj nn.Linear layers " + "and that _inject_lora is traversing the full module tree." + ) # eps=1e-6 (vs default 1e-8): extra margin against near-zero variance in fp32. self.optimizer = torch.optim.AdamW(trainable, lr=lr, eps=1e-6) - # Linear warmup: ramp lr from 10% → 100% over warmup_steps optimizer steps. - # start_factor=1.0 when warmup_steps=0 keeps the scheduler a no-op. - _warmup = max(1, warmup_steps) - self.scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.LinearLR( + # Warmup → cosine decay: ramp lr from 10% → 100% over warmup_steps, then + # cosine-anneal to 1% over the remainder. The flat post-warmup schedule + # (previous LinearLR) kept lr fully open through all epochs, causing + # late-epoch divergence once the model had memorised the training set. + _decay_steps = max(1, total_steps - warmup_steps) if total_steps > warmup_steps else 1 + _warmup_sched = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.LinearLR( self.optimizer, start_factor=0.1 if warmup_steps > 0 else 1.0, end_factor=1.0, - total_iters=_warmup, + total_iters=max(1, warmup_steps), + ) + _cosine_sched = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.CosineAnnealingLR( + self.optimizer, + T_max=_decay_steps, + eta_min=lr * 0.1, # floor at 10% of peak, not 1% — avoids lr→0 stagnation ) + if warmup_steps > 0 and total_steps > warmup_steps: + self.scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.SequentialLR( + self.optimizer, + schedulers=[_warmup_sched, _cosine_sched], + milestones=[warmup_steps], + ) + else: + # No total_steps provided or warmup covers everything — fall back to + # warmup-only (safe no-op for unit tests with synthetic models). + self.scheduler = _warmup_sched # Tracks position within current gradient-accumulation cycle. self._accum_count = 0 def _forward_and_losses( self, batch: Dict[str, Any] - ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]: - """Two sequential forward passes and return (task_loss, sep_loss, total). - - Correct path runs with full gradients. Wrong path runs under no_grad so - its activations are never added to the computation graph — this halves - peak activation memory vs the previous batched (2, S, D) approach while - preserving the L_sep signal (gradient still flows through correct-path - logits toward the wrong-path distribution, just not back through the - wrong-path LoRA weights). + ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]: + """Three sequential forward passes returning (task_loss, sep_loss, align_loss, total). + + Correct path — full gradients. + Wrong path — no_grad (halves peak activation memory). + Plan path — no_grad; query+target only, no latent frame. Provides the + L_align anchor: KL(p_correct || p_plan) penalises drift to + idiosyncratic tokens that would otherwise exploit L_sep. + Skipped when 'inputs_embeds_plan' is absent from batch (query dropped). """ inputs_embeds: torch.Tensor = batch["inputs_embeds"] # (S, D) target_ids: torch.Tensor = batch["target_ids"].long() # (T,) - prefix_len: int = int(batch["prefix_len"]) # K+2 - - inputs_embeds_wrong: torch.Tensor = batch.get( - "inputs_embeds_wrong", - torch.zeros_like(inputs_embeds), - ) + prefix_len: int = int(batch["prefix_len"]) # K+2+Q + + # On MPS, F.linear only creates grad_fn when the INPUT (not just the + # weight) requires grad. inputs_embeds is built from no_grad embedding + # lookups, so it has requires_grad=False. Forcing it to a grad-tracked + # leaf ensures x.requires_grad=True at every transformer layer, making + # the LoRA computation (F.linear(x.float(), lora_A)) produce grad_fn + # and allowing loss.backward() to compute lora_A/lora_B gradients. + # The optimizer only updates lora_A/lora_B; inputs_embeds.grad is discarded. + inputs_embeds = inputs_embeds.detach().requires_grad_(True) + + # Plan path inputs — present only when query dropout kept the query (Q > 0). + inputs_embeds_plan: torch.Tensor | None = batch.get("inputs_embeds_plan", None) + plan_prefix_len: int = int(batch.get("plan_prefix_len", 0)) + has_plan = inputs_embeds_plan is not None and plan_prefix_len > 0 + + if target_ids.shape[0] == 0: + raise ValueError("target_ids is empty — skip this bucket") + + # use_cache=False: transformers ≥4.46 creates a DynamicCache(config=…) + # inside the forward when use_cache=True (the default). In train() mode + # the cache's get_seq_length() can return a stale value that makes + # cache_position = arange(S, 2S) — an S-length range starting at S — so + # the model processes 0 "new" tokens, producing hidden_states of shape + # (1, 0, D). Qwen2Attention then does .view(*shape[:-1], -1, head_dim) + # = .view(1, 0, -1, 64) on a 0-element tensor, which fails because -1 is + # ambiguous. Passing use_cache=False bypasses the cache entirely. + + # ── Q=0 wrong path FIRST — no_grad, no saved activations ─────────── # + # On MPS, running a second forward through the same model after the first + # forward's saved-for-backward tensors have been released (via del out_correct) + # can cause the GPU allocator to reuse those activation buffers — silently + # zeroing all LoRA gradients. Running the no_grad wrong path FIRST means + # the correct path's backward buffers are never at risk. + logits_wrong_tgt: torch.Tensor | None = None + if not has_plan and self.sep_lambda != 0.0: + inputs_embeds_wrong: torch.Tensor = batch.get( + "inputs_embeds_wrong", torch.zeros_like(inputs_embeds) + ) + with torch.no_grad(): + out_wrong = self.model(inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds_wrong.unsqueeze(0), + use_cache=False) + logits_all_wrong = out_wrong.logits.squeeze(0).detach() # (S, V) + del out_wrong + # MPS: flush all pending GPU ops from the wrong-path before the + # correct-path forward allocates its saved-for-backward buffers. + if inputs_embeds.device.type == "mps": + torch.mps.synchronize() # ── Correct path — full gradient graph ────────────────────────────── # - out_correct = self.model(inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds.unsqueeze(0)) + out_correct = self.model(inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds.unsqueeze(0), + use_cache=False) logits_all = out_correct.logits.squeeze(0) # (S, V) del out_correct # release 36-layer hidden_states immediately - # ── Wrong path — NO gradient (halves activation memory) ───────────── # - with torch.no_grad(): - out_wrong = self.model(inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds_wrong.unsqueeze(0)) - logits_all_wrong = out_wrong.logits.squeeze(0).detach() # (S, V) - del out_wrong - # ── Cross-entropy task loss ───────────────────────────────────────── # T = target_ids.shape[0] - logits_tgt = logits_all[prefix_len - 1: prefix_len - 1 + T] # (T, V) - logits_wrong_tgt = logits_all_wrong[prefix_len - 1: prefix_len - 1 + T] # (T, V) + logits_tgt = logits_all[prefix_len - 1: prefix_len - 1 + T] # (T, V) task_loss = F.cross_entropy(logits_tgt.float(), target_ids) - # ── L_sep: separation loss ────────────────────────────────────────── # - # Gradient flows through correct-path logits only (wrong_tgt is detached). - sep = separation_loss(logits_tgt, logits_wrong_tgt) + if not has_plan and self.sep_lambda != 0.0: + # ── Q=0 step: latent is the model's only context ──────────────── # + logits_wrong_tgt = logits_all_wrong[prefix_len - 1: prefix_len - 1 + T] + # Margin ranking loss for gradient: ReLU(margin - (c - w)). + # Gradient is non-zero even when model ignores latent — avoids + # JSD chicken-and-egg collapse to sep=0.0000. + _sep_loss = separation_loss(logits_tgt, logits_wrong_tgt) + # Logged sep = actual gap (correct_logit - wrong_logit for y[0]). + # Starts near 0 when model ignores latent; rises above 2.0 when margin satisfied. + _y0 = target_ids[0].long() + sep = (logits_tgt[0, _y0].float() - logits_wrong_tgt[0, _y0].float().detach()).detach() + align = torch.zeros((), device=task_loss.device, dtype=task_loss.dtype) + total = task_loss + self.sep_lambda * _sep_loss + else: + # ── Q>0 step: query present, task loss only ───────────────────── # + # When the query is visible, L_sep at position 0 fights CE whenever + # the hardest-negative bucket shares the answer's first token. + # Task signal alone is sufficient; the latent is trained implicitly + # via the Q=0 steps that fire on the other 50% of samples. + sep = torch.zeros((), device=task_loss.device, dtype=task_loss.dtype) + align = torch.zeros((), device=task_loss.device, dtype=task_loss.dtype) + total = task_loss - total = task_loss - _SEP_LAMBDA * sep - return task_loss, sep, total + return task_loss, sep, align, total def train_step(self, batch: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, float]: """Run one full gradient step (forward + backward + optimizer update). @@ -212,18 +381,22 @@ def train_step(self, batch: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, float]: self.optimizer.zero_grad() self._accum_count = 0 - task_loss, sep, total = self._forward_and_losses(batch) - task_val, sep_val = task_loss.item(), sep.item() # extract before backward - - total.backward() + # inference_mode(False) is required: torch.enable_grad() cannot override + # an active torch.inference_mode() context — they use separate C++ flags. + # inference_mode(False) is a no-op when inference_mode is already off, + # so this guard is safe to apply unconditionally. + with torch.inference_mode(False), torch.enable_grad(): + task_loss, sep, align, total = self._forward_and_losses(batch) + task_val, sep_val, align_val = task_loss.item(), sep.item(), align.item() + total.backward() torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_( [p for p in self.model.parameters() if p.requires_grad], max_norm=1.0 ) self.optimizer.step() self.scheduler.step() - del task_loss, sep, total # break computation graph refs + del task_loss, sep, align, total - return {"task": task_val, "sep": sep_val} + return {"task": task_val, "sep": sep_val, "align": align_val} def accumulate_step( self, batch: Dict[str, Any], scale: int = 1, step: bool = True @@ -250,11 +423,11 @@ def accumulate_step( self.optimizer.zero_grad() self._accum_count += 1 - task_loss, sep, total = self._forward_and_losses(batch) - task_val, sep_val = task_loss.item(), sep.item() # extract before backward - - (total / scale).backward() - del task_loss, sep, total # break computation graph refs + with torch.inference_mode(False), torch.enable_grad(): + task_loss, sep, align, total = self._forward_and_losses(batch) + task_val, sep_val, align_val = task_loss.item(), sep.item(), align.item() + (total / scale).backward() + del task_loss, sep, align, total if step: torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_( @@ -264,4 +437,4 @@ def accumulate_step( self.scheduler.step() self._accum_count = 0 - return {"task": task_val, "sep": sep_val} + return {"task": task_val, "sep": sep_val, "align": align_val} diff --git a/libucks/thinking/training/losses.py b/libucks/thinking/training/losses.py index 6c902ef..101c692 100644 --- a/libucks/thinking/training/losses.py +++ b/libucks/thinking/training/losses.py @@ -1,11 +1,93 @@ """Interlat-Lite training loss functions. -separation_loss — simplified L_sep from Interlat §3.2. +separation_loss — simplified L_sep from Interlat §3.2 (JSD-based). +margin_separation_loss — direct margin ranking on first target token (no chicken-and-egg). +alignment_loss — L_align from Interlat §3.3 (prevents L_sep exploitation). +distillation_loss — context distillation (Cartridge Memory, CM-A): KL from a + full-context teacher into a latent-conditioned student. """ import torch import torch.nn.functional as F +def distillation_loss( + student_logits: torch.Tensor, + teacher_logits: torch.Tensor, + temperature: float = 1.0, +) -> torch.Tensor: + """Context-distillation loss: KL(teacher ‖ student) over answer positions. + + The teacher sees the full verbatim context; the student sees only the + trained latent (cartridge) prefix. Minimising this trains the latent to + make the frozen model reproduce the teacher's full-context next-token + distribution — the objective that (per arXiv 2605.28889 / Cartridges + 2506.06266) makes a latent memory channel actually carry facts, where the + cosine/margin objectives did not. + + Args: + student_logits: (P, V) logits at the answer positions from the + cartridge-conditioned forward. Grad flows through these. + teacher_logits: (P, V) logits at the same answer positions from the + full-context forward. Detached internally (teacher is fixed). + temperature: softmax temperature T; loss scaled by T² (Hinton distillation). + + Returns: + Scalar tensor ≥ 0. Zero when the student matches the teacher. + """ + t = max(1e-6, float(temperature)) + log_student = F.log_softmax(student_logits.float() / t, dim=-1) + teacher_probs = F.softmax(teacher_logits.float().detach() / t, dim=-1) + # F.kl_div(log_student, teacher_probs) = Σ teacher·(log teacher − log student) = KL(teacher‖student) + return F.kl_div(log_student, teacher_probs, reduction="batchmean") * (t * t) + + +def margin_separation_loss( + logits_correct: torch.Tensor, + logits_wrong: torch.Tensor, + target_ids: torch.Tensor, + margin: float = 2.0, +) -> torch.Tensor: + """Margin ranking loss: correct-latent logit for y[0] must exceed wrong-latent by margin. + + ⚠️ NEVER WIRED IN. Added by 03a9db5 ("fix adapter collapse via L_xsep + + L_sep"), imported by lora_trainer.py:33, and called from nowhere — verified + against the full git history, not just the current tree. It also has no + test; tests/unit/test_lsep_loss.py covers only `separation_loss`. + + That matters because of what it was written to fix. `separation_loss` (JSD) + is the loss actually in use (lora_trainer.py:348), and JSD has ZERO gradient + when the two distributions coincide — exactly the sep=0.0000 collapse + CLAUDE.md tells you to stop the run over. This function was built to escape + that state, per the docstring below. The project's shipped mitigation is + instead query_dropout_rate=0.5, a different lever. + + So: if sep=0.0000 recurs and query dropout does not rescue it, swapping + this in is the obvious next experiment — but it IS an experiment. It + changes the LoRA objective, so it needs its own gate and a retrain, and + every existing lora_receiver.pt was trained without it. + + L_sep = ReLU(margin - (logit_c[y0] - logit_w[y0])) + + Unlike JSD, this produces a non-zero gradient even when the model ignores + the latent (chicken-and-egg avoided): when logit_c ≈ logit_w, gradient + is -1 on logit_c, directly pushing the model to assign higher probability + to the correct answer given the correct latent. + + Args: + logits_correct: Logits from the correct-latent path. Shape (T, V). + logits_wrong: Logits from the wrong-latent path. Shape (T, V). Must be detached. + target_ids: Target token IDs. Shape (T,). + margin: Minimum required logit gap (default 2.0 ≈ 7× probability ratio). + + Returns: + Scalar tensor. Zero once the margin is satisfied; margin when ignored entirely. + """ + y0 = target_ids[0].long() + c = logits_correct[0, y0].float() + w = logits_wrong[0, y0].float().detach() + return F.relu(torch.tensor(margin, device=c.device, dtype=c.dtype) - (c - w)) + + def separation_loss( logits_correct: torch.Tensor, logits_wrong: torch.Tensor, @@ -42,5 +124,30 @@ def separation_loss( jsd = 0.5 * kl_pm + 0.5 * kl_qm # (...) — one value per position # Return positive JSD so callers can inspect "how separated" the distributions are. - # Training code uses: L_total = L_task - λ * separation_loss(...) + # Training code uses: L_total = L_task - λ_sep * separation_loss(...) return jsd.mean() + + +def alignment_loss( + logits_correct: torch.Tensor, + logits_plan: torch.Tensor, +) -> torch.Tensor: + """KL(p_correct || p_plan) — Interlat L_align: anchor latent path to plan distribution. + + Prevents L_sep exploitation: when the model shifts probability to idiosyncratic tokens + to maximise JSD, KL(p_garbage || p_plan) becomes large (~5–10 nats), overwhelming the + small L_sep incentive and forcing the distribution back toward coherent output. + + Args: + logits_correct: Logits from the latent-conditioned correct path. Shape (..., V). + logits_plan: Logits from the query-only plan path. Shape (..., V). + Caller must detach() before passing — no gradient flows through it. + + Returns: + Scalar tensor >= 0. Near zero when distributions match; large when the latent + path has drifted far from what the model predicts from the query alone. + """ + log_q = F.log_softmax(logits_plan.float(), dim=-1) # detached plan distribution + p = F.softmax(logits_correct.float(), dim=-1) # latent-conditioned distribution + # F.kl_div(log_q, p, 'batchmean') = KL(p || q) = Σ p*(log p − log q) / N + return F.kl_div(log_q, p, reduction="batchmean") diff --git a/libucks/thinking/training/self_study.py b/libucks/thinking/training/self_study.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ec42d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/libucks/thinking/training/self_study.py @@ -0,0 +1,204 @@ +"""Self-study query generation (Cartridge Memory, CM-A). + +The Cartridges recipe (arXiv 2506.06266) distills a corpus into a latent by +training on *self-generated* synthetic queries about it — hundreds per unit, +vs. libucks's historical ~3. This module produces those queries for one bucket, +locally ($0): the frozen instruct model proposes questions about the bucket's +own source, backed by a deterministic template fallback so we always reach the +requested count even if the model's list is short or malformed. + +Answers are NOT produced here — the teacher (full-context frozen receiver) +generates them at distillation time. This module only supplies the *queries*. +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import re +import sys +from typing import Any, Optional + +import torch + + +def _log(msg: str) -> None: + print(f"[libucks:self_study] {msg}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True) + + +# Fact-probing templates: phrased to force the full-context teacher to state +# SPECIFIC values (numbers, probabilities, thresholds, state names, defaults) — +# the identifiers the latent must carry. Generic "what does X do" templates +# (CM-A.1) let the teacher answer structurally without stating the facts, so the +# cartridge never learned them. See docs/cartridges-log.md CM-A.1. +_TEMPLATES = ( + "What is the exact numeric value, probability, or threshold associated with {tok}?", + "State the precise default or constant used for {tok}.", + "What specific state or condition does {tok} correspond to, exactly?", + "Give the exact behavior of {tok}, including any numbers or probabilities.", + "Under what precise conditions (with specific counts or values) does {tok} apply?", + "What exact value does {tok} take, and what does it control?", + "What does {tok} do in this code, with the specific values involved?", + "How is {tok} used, and what are the exact parameters or thresholds?", + "What happens, step by step with concrete values, when {tok} is triggered?", + "Which specific constants, states, or probabilities are involved in {tok}?", +) + +# Identifier-ish tokens: function/class/method names, CONSTANTS, snake_case. +_IDENT_RE = re.compile(r"[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]{2,}") +# All lowercase; membership is tested against `w.lower()`. +_STOPWORDS = { + "the", "and", "for", "with", "this", "that", "from", "import", "return", + "self", "none", "true", "false", "def", "class", "not", "are", "was", + "int", "str", "list", "dict", "type", "value", +} + + +def _extract_identifiers(text: str, limit: int = 40) -> list[str]: + seen: dict[str, int] = {} + for m in _IDENT_RE.finditer(text): + w = m.group(0) + if w.lower() in _STOPWORDS: + continue + seen[w] = seen.get(w, 0) + 1 + # Prefer identifiers that recur (more central to the bucket). + ranked = sorted(seen.items(), key=lambda kv: (-kv[1], kv[0])) + return [w for w, _ in ranked[:limit]] + + +def _template_queries(bucket_text: str, n: int) -> list[str]: + idents = _extract_identifiers(bucket_text) or ["this module"] + out: list[str] = [] + i = 0 + while len(out) < n: + tok = idents[i % len(idents)] + tmpl = _TEMPLATES[(i // len(idents)) % len(_TEMPLATES)] + out.append(tmpl.format(tok=tok)) + i += 1 + if i > n * len(_TEMPLATES) * 2: # safety valve + break + return out[:n] + + +@torch.no_grad() +def _model_queries( + bucket_text: str, + n: int, + model: Any, + tokenizer: Any, + *, + per_call_new_tokens: int = 384, + max_context_chars: int = 3000, + max_attempts: Optional[int] = None, +) -> list[str]: + """Ask an instruct model to propose fact-probing questions about the bucket. + + Loops `generate` (sampled, so each call yields different questions) until it + has `n` distinct questions or exhausts `max_attempts`. Best-effort: caller + tops up any shortfall with templates. Uses the chat template when available. + """ + device = next(model.parameters()).device + ctx = bucket_text[:max_context_chars] + batch = max(8, min(30, n)) # ask for a chunk at a time + instruction = ( + f"Read the following source code and write {batch} distinct, specific " + "questions. Each answer MUST require a concrete fact from the code — an " + "exact number, probability, threshold, default, constant, state name, or " + "function name. Avoid vague questions. One question per line, no numbering.\n\n" + f"```\n{ctx}\n```\n\nQuestions:" + ) + if hasattr(tokenizer, "apply_chat_template") and tokenizer.chat_template: + msgs = [{"role": "user", "content": instruction}] + # return_dict=True → BatchEncoding with input_ids + attention_mask. + # (Without it, this transformers version returns a BatchEncoding whose + # .shape access raises, or a bare tensor — normalise both here.) + enc = tokenizer.apply_chat_template( + msgs, add_generation_prompt=True, return_tensors="pt", return_dict=True + ) + else: + enc = tokenizer(instruction, return_tensors="pt") + base_ids = enc["input_ids"].to(device) + attn = enc["attention_mask"].to(device) + prompt_len = base_ids.shape[1] + + attempts = max_attempts if max_attempts is not None else min(30, 2 * ((n // batch) + 2)) + seen: set[str] = set() + queries: list[str] = [] + for _ in range(attempts): + if len(queries) >= n: + break + try: + out = model.generate( + base_ids, + attention_mask=attn, + max_new_tokens=per_call_new_tokens, + do_sample=True, + temperature=0.9, + top_p=0.95, + pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id, + ) + text = tokenizer.decode(out[0, prompt_len:], skip_special_tokens=True) + except Exception as exc: + _log(f"model query-gen failed ({exc}); stopping model gen") + break + for line in text.splitlines(): + line = re.sub(r"^\s*[-*\d.)\]]+\s*", "", line.strip()) + if len(line) < 8 or "?" not in line: + continue + key = line.lower() + if key in seen: + continue + seen.add(key) + queries.append(line) + _log(f"model query-gen: {len(queries)} distinct questions in <= {attempts} attempts") + return queries + + +def generate_self_study_queries( + bucket_text: str, + n: int, + *, + model: Optional[Any] = None, + tokenizer: Optional[Any] = None, + stats: Optional[dict] = None, +) -> list[str]: + """Return exactly `n` self-study queries for a bucket. + + Uses the model if provided (deduped), then tops up to `n` with deterministic + template queries. Always returns `n` items (assuming non-empty bucket_text). + + Because the top-up is unconditional, a caller CANNOT infer from the return + value how many queries the model actually wrote. CM-B.0b distilled on 84 + model questions plus 36 silent template fill-ins and was logged as a + fact-probing run. Pass `stats` to receive + ``{"model": int, "template": int, "requested": int}`` and log it. + """ + queries: list[str] = [] + seen: set[str] = set() + + if model is not None and tokenizer is not None: + for q in _model_queries(bucket_text, n, model, tokenizer): + key = q.lower() + if key not in seen: + seen.add(key) + queries.append(q) + if len(queries) >= n: + break + + n_model = len(queries) + + if len(queries) < n: + for q in _template_queries(bucket_text, n * 2): + key = q.lower() + if key not in seen: + seen.add(key) + queries.append(q) + if len(queries) >= n: + break + + out = queries[:n] + n_model = min(n_model, len(out)) + if stats is not None: + stats.update({"model": n_model, + "template": len(out) - n_model, + "requested": n}) + _log(f"generated {len(out)} queries (target {n}; " + f"model={n_model} template={len(out) - n_model})") + return out diff --git a/libucks/thinking/training/train_adapter.py b/libucks/thinking/training/train_adapter.py index 16716e5..f0b0aaf 100644 --- a/libucks/thinking/training/train_adapter.py +++ b/libucks/thinking/training/train_adapter.py @@ -75,31 +75,41 @@ def contrastive_loss( target: torch.Tensor, # (seq_len_t, d) — positive negatives: List[torch.Tensor], # each (seq_len_n, d) ) -> torch.Tensor: - """InfoNCE loss between the adapter's output and the teacher's target. + """Per-slot InfoNCE: each of K outputs has its own contrastive problem. - All tensors are mean-pooled to (d,) and L2-normalised before the - similarity computation so the loss is purely directional. - """ - a = self._pool(anchor.to(self.device)) - p = self._pool(target.to(self.device).clone().detach()) - - pos_sim = torch.dot(a, p) / self.temperature + The earlier mean-pooled version collapsed K → 1 before similarity, which + removed all pressure to keep slots distinct (32 identical vectors and + 32 distinct ones with the same mean produce the same loss). Per-slot + supervision gives each slot its own gradient signal — see the long + docstring on `_mse_distillation_loss` for the same lesson learned in + the small-repo path. - # If fewer than min_negatives hard negatives were mined (e.g. a tiny - # repo with only 1-2 buckets), InfoNCE degenerates — fall back to a - # direct MSE alignment between adapter output and teacher target. + Targets and negatives are linearly resampled from their native length + to K via F.interpolate (same trick the MSE fallback uses). + """ if len(negatives) < self.min_negatives: return self._mse_distillation_loss(anchor, target) - effective_negatives = negatives - neg_sims = torch.stack([ - torch.dot(a, self._pool(neg.to(self.device).clone().detach())) / self.temperature - for neg in effective_negatives - ]) + K = anchor.shape[0] + a = F.normalize(anchor.to(self.device), dim=-1) # (K, d) + + def _to_K(x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: + x = x.to(self.device).clone().detach() # (seq_len, d) + x_K = F.interpolate( + x.T.unsqueeze(0), size=K, mode="linear", align_corners=False, + ).squeeze(0).T # (K, d) + return F.normalize(x_K, dim=-1) + + p = _to_K(target) # (K, d) + pos_sim = (a * p).sum(dim=-1) / self.temperature # (K,) + + neg_K = torch.stack([_to_K(n) for n in negatives]) # (Nneg, K, d) + neg_sims = (neg_K * a.unsqueeze(0)).sum(dim=-1) / self.temperature # (Nneg, K) - # log-sum-exp over [positive, negatives] - all_sims = torch.cat([pos_sim.unsqueeze(0), neg_sims]) - return -pos_sim + torch.logsumexp(all_sims, dim=0) + # K parallel InfoNCE problems; mean over slots so total loss scale + # matches the prior single-vector version. + all_sims = torch.cat([pos_sim.unsqueeze(0), neg_sims], dim=0) # (1+Nneg, K) + return (-pos_sim + torch.logsumexp(all_sims, dim=0)).mean() # scalar def train_step(self, sample: TrainingSample) -> float: """Single optimisation step. Returns the scalar loss value.""" @@ -120,6 +130,14 @@ def train_step(self, sample: TrainingSample) -> float: loss = self.contrastive_loss( output, sample.target_latent, sample.hard_negatives ) + # Diversity regularizer: penalize high inter-slot cosine. Squared so + # collapsed slots (cos→1) cost ~1, diverse slots (cos≈0) cost ~0. + # Belt-and-braces against the slot collapse measured Nov 2026 even + # after the per-slot InfoNCE + adapter residual fixes. + sp_unit = F.normalize(output, dim=-1) + K = output.shape[0] + inter_cos = (sp_unit @ sp_unit.T) - torch.eye(K, device=output.device) + loss = loss + 0.5 * inter_cos.pow(2).mean() if self._scaler is not None: self._scaler.scale(loss).backward() diff --git a/libucks/translator.py b/libucks/translator.py index 644639f..efb86b7 100644 --- a/libucks/translator.py +++ b/libucks/translator.py @@ -1,22 +1,17 @@ """Translator — the ONLY component permitted to call ThinkingStrategy.decode(). -Receives N Representations from N Librarians plus the original query string. -Selects the appropriate synthesis path based on representation type: +Receives N latent Representations from N Librarians. Passes them through the +CommunicationAdapter to produce a single soft-prompt, then calls +strategy.decode() exactly once. - V1 (str): joins partial answers, calls strategy.reason() to synthesize, - then strategy.decode() to produce the final string. - V2 (tensor): passes the list of hidden-state tensors through the - CommunicationAdapter to produce a single soft-prompt, then - calls strategy.decode() exactly once. - -In both paths, strategy.decode() is called exactly once and its return value -is the sole natural-language output returned to the MCP Bridge. +strategy.decode() is the sole natural-language output returned to the MCP Bridge. """ from __future__ import annotations import sys from typing import List, Optional +import numpy as np import torch from libucks.thinking.base import Representation, ThinkingStrategy @@ -31,58 +26,193 @@ def __init__( self, strategy: ThinkingStrategy, adapter: Optional[object] = None, + store: Optional[object] = None, + hybrid: bool = False, + verbatim_max_chars: int = 3000, + chunk_retriever: Optional[object] = None, + *, + cache_aug: Optional[dict] = None, ) -> None: self._strategy = strategy - self._adapter = adapter - - async def synthesize(self, query: str, representations: List[Representation]) -> str: + if adapter is not None: + try: + _device = strategy._mgr.device + self._adapter = adapter.to(_device) + except Exception: + self._adapter = adapter + else: + self._adapter = None + self._store = store + self._hybrid = hybrid + self._verbatim_max_chars = verbatim_max_chars + self._chunk_retriever = chunk_retriever + # cache_aug bundle: {"coproc", "fusion", "kv_cache", "receiver", + # "tokenizer", "device", "bucket_chunks"}. None when cache_aug mode + # is inactive. Set externally by the eval harness or MCP bridge. + self._cache_aug = cache_aug + + async def synthesize( + self, + query: str, + representations: List[Representation], + bucket_ids: Optional[List[str]] = None, + query_embedding: Optional[np.ndarray] = None, + ) -> str: if not representations: _log("synthesize: no representations — returning fallback message") return "No relevant context found in the memory store." - _log(f"synthesize: {len(representations)} representations, " - f"type={'latent' if isinstance(representations[0], torch.Tensor) else 'text'}") - - if isinstance(representations[0], torch.Tensor): - return await self._synthesize_latent(representations) - - return await self._synthesize_text(query, representations) - - # ------------------------------------------------------------------ - # V1 text path (unchanged) - # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + shapes = [tuple(r.shape) for r in representations] + _log(f"synthesize: {len(representations)} latent representations, shapes={shapes}") + return await self._synthesize_latent( + representations, + query=query, + bucket_ids=bucket_ids, + query_embedding=query_embedding, + ) - async def _synthesize_text( - self, query: str, representations: List[Representation] + def synthesize_cache_aug( + self, + query: str, + bucket_ids: List[str], + query_embedding: Optional[np.ndarray] = None, + *, + use_verbatim: bool = True, + cold_stop_entropy: Optional[float] = 4.0, ) -> str: - parts = "\n\n---\n\n".join(str(r) for r in representations) - synthesis_prompt = ( - "You are synthesizing partial answers from multiple domain-specific memory buckets " - "into a single, coherent response. Do not mention bucket IDs, internal metadata, " - "or implementation details of the memory system. Answer directly and concisely.\n\n" - f"Partial answers:\n{parts}" + """Phase 4-C cache-augmentation decode path. + + Bypasses the CommunicationAdapter; instead, per-bucket KV caches feed + the Coprocessor → CrossBucketFusion → augmented_decode (which is the + sole decode point in this mode, preserving the faithfulness constraint + on a per-architecture basis). + """ + if self._cache_aug is None: + raise RuntimeError( + "synthesize_cache_aug called but cache_aug bundle was not provided" + ) + from libucks.cache_augmentation.decode import build_z_fused, augmented_decode + + bundle = self._cache_aug + z_fused = build_z_fused( + bundle["coproc"], bundle["fusion"], bundle["kv_cache"], + bucket_ids, bundle["bucket_chunks"], bundle["device"], ) - combined: Representation = await self._strategy.reason(synthesis_prompt, query) - # This is the ONLY authorised call to decode() in the entire system. - return await self._strategy.decode(combined) + if z_fused is None: + _log("synthesize_cache_aug: no fresh bucket caches — fallback message") + return "No relevant context found in the memory store." - # ------------------------------------------------------------------ - # V2 latent path - # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # Phase 4-C.6 fairness ablations: + # use_verbatim=False → isolate the latent (z_fused) contribution + # ("latent alone is viable" gate). + # cold_stop_entropy=None → manual greedy WITHOUT the entropy gate, + # to attribute the win to Cold Stop vs. greedy. + verbatim = ( + self._gather_verbatim(bucket_ids, query_embedding=query_embedding) + if use_verbatim + else "" + ) + return augmented_decode( + bundle["receiver"], bundle["tokenizer"], z_fused, + query=query, verbatim=verbatim, + cold_stop_entropy=cold_stop_entropy, + ) + + def _gather_verbatim( + self, + bucket_ids: Optional[List[str]], + query_embedding: Optional[np.ndarray] = None, + ) -> str: + if not (self._hybrid and self._store is not None and bucket_ids): + return "" + per_bucket = max(200, self._verbatim_max_chars // max(1, len(bucket_ids))) + chunks: list[str] = [] + for bid in bucket_ids: + text = self._gather_for_bucket(bid, per_bucket, query_embedding) + if text: + chunks.append(text) + verbatim = "\n\n---\n\n".join(chunks) + if verbatim: + _log(f"verbatim: {len(chunks)} chunks, {len(verbatim)} chars") + return verbatim + + def _gather_for_bucket( + self, + bucket_id: str, + max_chars: int, + query_embedding: Optional[np.ndarray], + ) -> str: + """Per-bucket verbatim selection. + + With a ChunkRetriever + query_embedding, rerank chunks by query-cos + and take the top scoring until the per-bucket char budget runs out. + Falls back to positional `_collect_source_text` (first-N-chars-of- + first-chunks) when either is absent — preserves prior behaviour + for tests and any caller that doesn't pre-embed the query. + """ + if self._chunk_retriever is not None and query_embedding is not None: + from libucks.chunk_retriever import _read_chunk_content + scored = self._chunk_retriever.score_chunks(bucket_id, query_embedding) + parts: list[str] = [] + total = 0 + for meta, _score in scored: + content = _read_chunk_content(meta) + if not content: + continue + block = f"# {meta.source_file}\n{content}\n" + if total + len(block) > max_chars: + if not parts: + parts.append(block[:max_chars]) + break + parts.append(block) + total += len(block) + return "\n---\n\n".join(parts) + + from libucks.thinking.training.data_generator import _collect_source_text + try: + fm, _prose = self._store.read(bucket_id) + except Exception as exc: + _log(f"verbatim: skipping {bucket_id}: {exc}") + return "" + return _collect_source_text(fm, max_chars=max_chars) async def _synthesize_latent( - self, representations: List[Representation] + self, + representations: List[Representation], + query: str = "", + bucket_ids: Optional[List[str]] = None, + query_embedding: Optional[np.ndarray] = None, ) -> str: shapes = [tuple(r.shape) for r in representations] - _log(f"_synthesize_latent: adapter forward, representations={shapes}") + _log(f"_synthesize_latent: {len(representations)} reps, shapes={shapes}") # .contiguous() before the adapter: MultiheadAttention on MPS hangs # on non-contiguous tensors produced by prior squeeze/expand operations. - contiguous_reps = [r.contiguous() for r in representations] - with torch.no_grad(): - synthesized: torch.Tensor = self._adapter(contiguous_reps) - _log(f"_synthesize_latent: adapter complete, output={tuple(synthesized.shape)}") + # Cast to the adapter's dtype (not hardcoded float32) — on MPS the adapter + # runs in float16 and a float32 input causes an mps_add broadcast crash. + _target_dtype = ( + next(self._adapter.parameters()).dtype + if self._adapter is not None + else torch.float32 + ) + contiguous_reps = [r.contiguous().to(_target_dtype) for r in representations] + + if self._adapter is not None: + with torch.no_grad(): + synthesized: torch.Tensor = self._adapter(contiguous_reps) + _log(f"_synthesize_latent: adapter complete, output={tuple(synthesized.shape)}") + else: + # No adapter (e.g. during init before adapter training). Accept exactly + # one Representation and decode it directly without merging. + if len(contiguous_reps) != 1: + raise ValueError( + f"Translator has no adapter: can only decode 1 Representation, " + f"got {len(contiguous_reps)}" + ) + synthesized = contiguous_reps[0] + _log("_synthesize_latent: no adapter — decoding single representation directly") + verbatim = self._gather_verbatim(bucket_ids, query_embedding=query_embedding) # This is the ONLY authorised call to decode() in the entire system. _log("_synthesize_latent: calling decode()") - result = await self._strategy.decode(synthesized) + result = await self._strategy.decode(synthesized, query=query, verbatim=verbatim) _log(f"_synthesize_latent: decode complete ({len(result)} chars)") return result diff --git a/main.py b/main.py deleted file mode 100644 index 12507f5..0000000 --- a/main.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ - -import click - - -@click.group() -@click.version_option(version="0.1.0", prog_name="libucks") -def cli(): - """libucks — Librarian Buckets, local AI memory server for coding agents.""" - - -if __name__ == "__main__": - cli() diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0.tar.gz b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0.tar.gz deleted file mode 100644 index 7798e5a..0000000 Binary files a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0.tar.gz and /dev/null differ diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/PKG-INFO b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/PKG-INFO deleted file mode 100644 index 525138b..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/PKG-INFO +++ /dev/null @@ -1,310 +0,0 @@ -Metadata-Version: 2.4 -Name: mps-bitsandbytes -Version: 0.7.0 -Summary: NF4/FP4/FP8/INT8 quantization for PyTorch on Apple Silicon with Metal GPU acceleration -Author: imperatormk -License-Expression: MIT -Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes -Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes -Project-URL: Issues, https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes/issues -Project-URL: Documentation, https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes#readme -Keywords: quantization,4bit,8bit,nf4,qlora,apple-silicon,pytorch,mps,metal,bitsandbytes,llm,transformers -Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta -Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers -Classifier: Intended Audience :: Science/Research -Classifier: Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X -Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 -Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10 -Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11 -Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12 -Classifier: Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Artificial Intelligence -Requires-Python: >=3.10 -Description-Content-Type: text/markdown -Requires-Dist: torch>=2.0.0 -Provides-Extra: dev -Requires-Dist: pytest>=7.0; extra == "dev" -Requires-Dist: pytest-cov; extra == "dev" -Provides-Extra: transformers -Requires-Dist: transformers>=4.30.0; extra == "transformers" -Requires-Dist: accelerate>=0.20.0; extra == "transformers" -Dynamic: requires-python - -# MPS BitsAndBytes - -**Real 4-bit and 8-bit quantization for PyTorch on Apple Silicon (M1/M2/M3/M4).** - -Full bitsandbytes-compatible API with Metal GPU acceleration for running large models on your Mac. - -## Features - -| Format | Bits | Memory Savings | Best For | -|--------|------|----------------|----------| -| **NF4** | 4-bit | ~75% | LLM weights (normally distributed) | -| **FP4** | 4-bit | ~75% | Alternative with better dynamic range | -| **FP8 E4M3** | 8-bit | ~50% | Better precision than INT8 | -| **INT8** | 8-bit | ~50% | General purpose | - -Plus: -- **Metal GPU kernels** - Fused dequant+matmul, no Python overhead -- **Double quantization** - Extra ~10% savings on scales -- **8-bit Optimizers** - Adam8bit, AdamW8bit, Lion8bit, SGD8bit -- **Paged Optimizers** - CPU offloading for larger models -- **Quantized Embeddings** - Embedding4bit, Embedding8bit -- **Sparse Operations** - spmm_coo, spmm_coo_int8 -- **LLM.int8** - OutlierAwareLinear with col+row quantization -- **HuggingFace compatible** - `BitsAndBytesConfig` API works out of the box -- **QLoRA training** - Freeze quantized weights, train LoRA adapters - -## Installation - -```bash -pip install mps-bitsandbytes -``` - -Or from source: - -```bash -git clone https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes -cd mps-bitsandbytes -pip install -e . -``` - -## Quick Start - -### 4-bit Quantization (NF4 - Recommended for LLMs) - -```python -import torch -from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit, BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model - -# Convert a single layer -linear = torch.nn.Linear(4096, 4096).half().to('mps') -linear_4bit = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear) # NF4 by default - -# Or use FP4 -linear_fp4 = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear, quant_type='fp4') - -# Quantize entire model -config = BitsAndBytesConfig( - load_in_4bit=True, - bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4", - bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16, -) -model = quantize_model(your_model, quantization_config=config, device='mps') -``` - -### 8-bit Quantization (FP8 or INT8) - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear8bit, LinearFP8 - -# INT8 (traditional) -linear_int8 = Linear8bit.from_linear(linear) - -# FP8 E4M3 (better precision) -linear_fp8 = LinearFP8.from_linear(linear) -``` - -### 8-bit Optimizers - -Memory-efficient optimizers that store momentum/variance in 8-bit: - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import Adam8bit, AdamW8bit, Lion8bit, SGD8bit - -# Drop-in replacement for torch optimizers -optimizer = Adam8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3) -optimizer = AdamW8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3, weight_decay=0.01) -optimizer = Lion8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) -optimizer = SGD8bit(model.parameters(), lr=0.1, momentum=0.9) -``` - -### Paged Optimizers - -Offload optimizer states to CPU for training larger models: - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import PagedAdam, PagedAdamW, PagedLion - -# States are stored on CPU, copied to GPU during step() -optimizer = PagedAdamW(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3, page_to_cpu=True) -``` - -### Quantized Embeddings - -Reduce embedding table memory by 50-75%: - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import Embedding4bit, Embedding8bit, EmbeddingNF4, EmbeddingFP4 - -# Convert existing embedding -embed = torch.nn.Embedding(50000, 4096).half().to('mps') -embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed) # NF4 by default -embed_fp4 = EmbeddingFP4.from_embedding(embed) # FP4 -embed_8bit = Embedding8bit.from_embedding(embed) # INT8 -``` - -### Functional API - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import ( - # 4-bit - quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4, matmul_nf4, - quantize_fp4, dequantize_fp4, matmul_fp4, - # 8-bit - quantize_fp8_e4m3, dequantize_fp8_e4m3, matmul_fp8_e4m3, - quantize_rowwise, dequantize_rowwise, matmul_int8, - # Col+Row INT8 (LLM.int8 style) - quantize_colrow, dequantize_colrow, matmul_colrow, - # Double quantization - double_quant, dequant_absmax, - # Sparse - spmm_coo, spmm_coo_int8, sparse_coo_from_dense, quantize_sparse_coo, -) - -# NF4 -weight = torch.randn(4096, 4096, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) -packed, absmax = quantize_nf4(weight, block_size=64) -output = matmul_nf4(input, packed, absmax) - -# Double quantization (quantize the scales too) -absmax_quant, absmax_scales = double_quant(absmax) -``` - -## Memory Savings - -| Model | FP16 | INT8/FP8 | NF4/FP4 | -|-------|------|----------|---------| -| 7B params | 14 GB | 7 GB | **3.5 GB** | -| 13B params | 26 GB | 13 GB | **6.5 GB** | -| 70B params | 140 GB | 70 GB | **35 GB** | - -## HuggingFace Integration - -```python -from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM -from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model - -model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained( - "meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf", - torch_dtype=torch.float16, -) - -config = BitsAndBytesConfig( - load_in_4bit=True, - bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4", - bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16, -) -model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config, device='mps') -``` - -## QLoRA Training - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model, Adam8bit -from peft import get_peft_model, LoraConfig - -# Load in 4-bit -config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True, bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4") -model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("model_name", torch_dtype=torch.float16) -model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config, device='mps') - -# Add LoRA adapters (train in fp16 while base stays quantized) -lora_config = LoraConfig(r=8, lora_alpha=16, target_modules=["q_proj", "v_proj"]) -model = get_peft_model(model, lora_config) - -# Use 8-bit optimizer for extra memory savings -optimizer = Adam8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) -trainer.train() -``` - -## API Reference - -### Linear Modules - -| Class | Format | Use Case | -|-------|--------|----------| -| `Linear4bit` | NF4 or FP4 | LLM inference, QLoRA | -| `Linear8bit` | INT8 | General quantization | -| `LinearFP8` | FP8 E4M3 | Better precision 8-bit | -| `OutlierAwareLinear` | INT8 + FP16 | LLM.int8 mixed precision | -| `SwitchBackLinear` | INT8 | Training with quantized forward | - -### Embedding Modules - -| Class | Format | Memory Savings | -|-------|--------|----------------| -| `Embedding4bit` | NF4 (default) | ~75% | -| `EmbeddingNF4` | NF4 | ~75% | -| `EmbeddingFP4` | FP4 | ~75% | -| `Embedding8bit` | INT8 | ~50% | - -### Optimizers - -| Class | Description | -|-------|-------------| -| `Adam8bit` | Adam with 8-bit states | -| `AdamW8bit` | AdamW with 8-bit states | -| `Lion8bit` | Lion optimizer with 8-bit momentum | -| `SGD8bit` | SGD with 8-bit momentum | -| `PagedAdam` | Adam with CPU offloading | -| `PagedAdamW` | AdamW with CPU offloading | -| `PagedLion` | Lion with CPU offloading | - -### Functional API - -**4-bit (NF4/FP4):** -- `quantize_nf4(tensor, block_size=64)` / `quantize_fp4(...)` -- `dequantize_nf4(packed, absmax, ...)` / `dequantize_fp4(...)` -- `matmul_nf4(input, weight_packed, weight_absmax, bias=None)` / `matmul_fp4(...)` - -**8-bit:** -- `quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor)` - FP8 quantization -- `quantize_rowwise(tensor)` - INT8 row-wise quantization -- `quantize_colrow(tensor)` - INT8 col+row quantization (LLM.int8) -- `matmul_fp8_e4m3(...)` / `matmul_int8(...)` / `matmul_colrow(...)` - -**Double Quantization:** -- `double_quant(absmax, double_quant_block=256)` - Quantize scales -- `dequant_absmax(absmax_quant, absmax_scales)` - Restore scales - -**Sparse Operations:** -- `sparse_coo_from_dense(tensor)` - Convert to COO format -- `spmm_coo(row_idx, col_idx, values, dense, rows, cols)` - Sparse matmul -- `spmm_coo_int8(...)` - INT8 sparse matmul -- `quantize_sparse_coo(row_idx, col_idx, values)` - Quantize sparse values - -**Utilities:** -- `is_available()` - Check MPS availability -- `has_native_kernels()` - Check Metal kernels loaded -- `get_memory_footprint(model)` - Calculate memory usage - -## Comparison with bitsandbytes - -| Feature | bitsandbytes (CUDA) | mps-bitsandbytes | -|---------|---------------------|------------------| -| NF4/FP4 | CUDA | Metal | -| INT8/FP8 | CUDA | Metal | -| Double quant | CUDA | Metal | -| 8-bit Optimizers | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| Paged Optimizers | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| Quantized Embeddings | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| Sparse matmul | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| LLM.int8 (col+row) | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| Platform | NVIDIA | Apple Silicon | - -## Demo - -```bash -# Chat with a quantized LLM -python demo/chat.py -``` - -## License - -MIT - -## Credits - -- [bitsandbytes](https://github.com/bitsandbytes-foundation/bitsandbytes) - Original CUDA implementation -- [QLoRA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.14314) - NF4 quantization paper diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/README.md b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/README.md deleted file mode 100644 index 098b367..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/README.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,279 +0,0 @@ -# MPS BitsAndBytes - -**Real 4-bit and 8-bit quantization for PyTorch on Apple Silicon (M1/M2/M3/M4).** - -Full bitsandbytes-compatible API with Metal GPU acceleration for running large models on your Mac. - -## Features - -| Format | Bits | Memory Savings | Best For | -|--------|------|----------------|----------| -| **NF4** | 4-bit | ~75% | LLM weights (normally distributed) | -| **FP4** | 4-bit | ~75% | Alternative with better dynamic range | -| **FP8 E4M3** | 8-bit | ~50% | Better precision than INT8 | -| **INT8** | 8-bit | ~50% | General purpose | - -Plus: -- **Metal GPU kernels** - Fused dequant+matmul, no Python overhead -- **Double quantization** - Extra ~10% savings on scales -- **8-bit Optimizers** - Adam8bit, AdamW8bit, Lion8bit, SGD8bit -- **Paged Optimizers** - CPU offloading for larger models -- **Quantized Embeddings** - Embedding4bit, Embedding8bit -- **Sparse Operations** - spmm_coo, spmm_coo_int8 -- **LLM.int8** - OutlierAwareLinear with col+row quantization -- **HuggingFace compatible** - `BitsAndBytesConfig` API works out of the box -- **QLoRA training** - Freeze quantized weights, train LoRA adapters - -## Installation - -```bash -pip install mps-bitsandbytes -``` - -Or from source: - -```bash -git clone https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes -cd mps-bitsandbytes -pip install -e . -``` - -## Quick Start - -### 4-bit Quantization (NF4 - Recommended for LLMs) - -```python -import torch -from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit, BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model - -# Convert a single layer -linear = torch.nn.Linear(4096, 4096).half().to('mps') -linear_4bit = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear) # NF4 by default - -# Or use FP4 -linear_fp4 = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear, quant_type='fp4') - -# Quantize entire model -config = BitsAndBytesConfig( - load_in_4bit=True, - bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4", - bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16, -) -model = quantize_model(your_model, quantization_config=config, device='mps') -``` - -### 8-bit Quantization (FP8 or INT8) - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear8bit, LinearFP8 - -# INT8 (traditional) -linear_int8 = Linear8bit.from_linear(linear) - -# FP8 E4M3 (better precision) -linear_fp8 = LinearFP8.from_linear(linear) -``` - -### 8-bit Optimizers - -Memory-efficient optimizers that store momentum/variance in 8-bit: - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import Adam8bit, AdamW8bit, Lion8bit, SGD8bit - -# Drop-in replacement for torch optimizers -optimizer = Adam8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3) -optimizer = AdamW8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3, weight_decay=0.01) -optimizer = Lion8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) -optimizer = SGD8bit(model.parameters(), lr=0.1, momentum=0.9) -``` - -### Paged Optimizers - -Offload optimizer states to CPU for training larger models: - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import PagedAdam, PagedAdamW, PagedLion - -# States are stored on CPU, copied to GPU during step() -optimizer = PagedAdamW(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3, page_to_cpu=True) -``` - -### Quantized Embeddings - -Reduce embedding table memory by 50-75%: - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import Embedding4bit, Embedding8bit, EmbeddingNF4, EmbeddingFP4 - -# Convert existing embedding -embed = torch.nn.Embedding(50000, 4096).half().to('mps') -embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed) # NF4 by default -embed_fp4 = EmbeddingFP4.from_embedding(embed) # FP4 -embed_8bit = Embedding8bit.from_embedding(embed) # INT8 -``` - -### Functional API - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import ( - # 4-bit - quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4, matmul_nf4, - quantize_fp4, dequantize_fp4, matmul_fp4, - # 8-bit - quantize_fp8_e4m3, dequantize_fp8_e4m3, matmul_fp8_e4m3, - quantize_rowwise, dequantize_rowwise, matmul_int8, - # Col+Row INT8 (LLM.int8 style) - quantize_colrow, dequantize_colrow, matmul_colrow, - # Double quantization - double_quant, dequant_absmax, - # Sparse - spmm_coo, spmm_coo_int8, sparse_coo_from_dense, quantize_sparse_coo, -) - -# NF4 -weight = torch.randn(4096, 4096, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) -packed, absmax = quantize_nf4(weight, block_size=64) -output = matmul_nf4(input, packed, absmax) - -# Double quantization (quantize the scales too) -absmax_quant, absmax_scales = double_quant(absmax) -``` - -## Memory Savings - -| Model | FP16 | INT8/FP8 | NF4/FP4 | -|-------|------|----------|---------| -| 7B params | 14 GB | 7 GB | **3.5 GB** | -| 13B params | 26 GB | 13 GB | **6.5 GB** | -| 70B params | 140 GB | 70 GB | **35 GB** | - -## HuggingFace Integration - -```python -from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM -from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model - -model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained( - "meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf", - torch_dtype=torch.float16, -) - -config = BitsAndBytesConfig( - load_in_4bit=True, - bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4", - bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16, -) -model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config, device='mps') -``` - -## QLoRA Training - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model, Adam8bit -from peft import get_peft_model, LoraConfig - -# Load in 4-bit -config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True, bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4") -model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("model_name", torch_dtype=torch.float16) -model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config, device='mps') - -# Add LoRA adapters (train in fp16 while base stays quantized) -lora_config = LoraConfig(r=8, lora_alpha=16, target_modules=["q_proj", "v_proj"]) -model = get_peft_model(model, lora_config) - -# Use 8-bit optimizer for extra memory savings -optimizer = Adam8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) -trainer.train() -``` - -## API Reference - -### Linear Modules - -| Class | Format | Use Case | -|-------|--------|----------| -| `Linear4bit` | NF4 or FP4 | LLM inference, QLoRA | -| `Linear8bit` | INT8 | General quantization | -| `LinearFP8` | FP8 E4M3 | Better precision 8-bit | -| `OutlierAwareLinear` | INT8 + FP16 | LLM.int8 mixed precision | -| `SwitchBackLinear` | INT8 | Training with quantized forward | - -### Embedding Modules - -| Class | Format | Memory Savings | -|-------|--------|----------------| -| `Embedding4bit` | NF4 (default) | ~75% | -| `EmbeddingNF4` | NF4 | ~75% | -| `EmbeddingFP4` | FP4 | ~75% | -| `Embedding8bit` | INT8 | ~50% | - -### Optimizers - -| Class | Description | -|-------|-------------| -| `Adam8bit` | Adam with 8-bit states | -| `AdamW8bit` | AdamW with 8-bit states | -| `Lion8bit` | Lion optimizer with 8-bit momentum | -| `SGD8bit` | SGD with 8-bit momentum | -| `PagedAdam` | Adam with CPU offloading | -| `PagedAdamW` | AdamW with CPU offloading | -| `PagedLion` | Lion with CPU offloading | - -### Functional API - -**4-bit (NF4/FP4):** -- `quantize_nf4(tensor, block_size=64)` / `quantize_fp4(...)` -- `dequantize_nf4(packed, absmax, ...)` / `dequantize_fp4(...)` -- `matmul_nf4(input, weight_packed, weight_absmax, bias=None)` / `matmul_fp4(...)` - -**8-bit:** -- `quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor)` - FP8 quantization -- `quantize_rowwise(tensor)` - INT8 row-wise quantization -- `quantize_colrow(tensor)` - INT8 col+row quantization (LLM.int8) -- `matmul_fp8_e4m3(...)` / `matmul_int8(...)` / `matmul_colrow(...)` - -**Double Quantization:** -- `double_quant(absmax, double_quant_block=256)` - Quantize scales -- `dequant_absmax(absmax_quant, absmax_scales)` - Restore scales - -**Sparse Operations:** -- `sparse_coo_from_dense(tensor)` - Convert to COO format -- `spmm_coo(row_idx, col_idx, values, dense, rows, cols)` - Sparse matmul -- `spmm_coo_int8(...)` - INT8 sparse matmul -- `quantize_sparse_coo(row_idx, col_idx, values)` - Quantize sparse values - -**Utilities:** -- `is_available()` - Check MPS availability -- `has_native_kernels()` - Check Metal kernels loaded -- `get_memory_footprint(model)` - Calculate memory usage - -## Comparison with bitsandbytes - -| Feature | bitsandbytes (CUDA) | mps-bitsandbytes | -|---------|---------------------|------------------| -| NF4/FP4 | CUDA | Metal | -| INT8/FP8 | CUDA | Metal | -| Double quant | CUDA | Metal | -| 8-bit Optimizers | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| Paged Optimizers | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| Quantized Embeddings | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| Sparse matmul | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| LLM.int8 (col+row) | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| Platform | NVIDIA | Apple Silicon | - -## Demo - -```bash -# Chat with a quantized LLM -python demo/chat.py -``` - -## License - -MIT - -## Credits - -- [bitsandbytes](https://github.com/bitsandbytes-foundation/bitsandbytes) - Original CUDA implementation -- [QLoRA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.14314) - NF4 quantization paper diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0.tar.gz b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0.tar.gz deleted file mode 100644 index 7798e5a..0000000 Binary files a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0.tar.gz and /dev/null differ diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/PKG-INFO b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/PKG-INFO deleted file mode 100644 index 525138b..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/PKG-INFO +++ /dev/null @@ -1,310 +0,0 @@ -Metadata-Version: 2.4 -Name: mps-bitsandbytes -Version: 0.7.0 -Summary: NF4/FP4/FP8/INT8 quantization for PyTorch on Apple Silicon with Metal GPU acceleration -Author: imperatormk -License-Expression: MIT -Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes -Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes -Project-URL: Issues, https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes/issues -Project-URL: Documentation, https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes#readme -Keywords: quantization,4bit,8bit,nf4,qlora,apple-silicon,pytorch,mps,metal,bitsandbytes,llm,transformers -Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta -Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers -Classifier: Intended Audience :: Science/Research -Classifier: Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X -Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 -Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10 -Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11 -Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12 -Classifier: Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Artificial Intelligence -Requires-Python: >=3.10 -Description-Content-Type: text/markdown -Requires-Dist: torch>=2.0.0 -Provides-Extra: dev -Requires-Dist: pytest>=7.0; extra == "dev" -Requires-Dist: pytest-cov; extra == "dev" -Provides-Extra: transformers -Requires-Dist: transformers>=4.30.0; extra == "transformers" -Requires-Dist: accelerate>=0.20.0; extra == "transformers" -Dynamic: requires-python - -# MPS BitsAndBytes - -**Real 4-bit and 8-bit quantization for PyTorch on Apple Silicon (M1/M2/M3/M4).** - -Full bitsandbytes-compatible API with Metal GPU acceleration for running large models on your Mac. - -## Features - -| Format | Bits | Memory Savings | Best For | -|--------|------|----------------|----------| -| **NF4** | 4-bit | ~75% | LLM weights (normally distributed) | -| **FP4** | 4-bit | ~75% | Alternative with better dynamic range | -| **FP8 E4M3** | 8-bit | ~50% | Better precision than INT8 | -| **INT8** | 8-bit | ~50% | General purpose | - -Plus: -- **Metal GPU kernels** - Fused dequant+matmul, no Python overhead -- **Double quantization** - Extra ~10% savings on scales -- **8-bit Optimizers** - Adam8bit, AdamW8bit, Lion8bit, SGD8bit -- **Paged Optimizers** - CPU offloading for larger models -- **Quantized Embeddings** - Embedding4bit, Embedding8bit -- **Sparse Operations** - spmm_coo, spmm_coo_int8 -- **LLM.int8** - OutlierAwareLinear with col+row quantization -- **HuggingFace compatible** - `BitsAndBytesConfig` API works out of the box -- **QLoRA training** - Freeze quantized weights, train LoRA adapters - -## Installation - -```bash -pip install mps-bitsandbytes -``` - -Or from source: - -```bash -git clone https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes -cd mps-bitsandbytes -pip install -e . -``` - -## Quick Start - -### 4-bit Quantization (NF4 - Recommended for LLMs) - -```python -import torch -from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit, BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model - -# Convert a single layer -linear = torch.nn.Linear(4096, 4096).half().to('mps') -linear_4bit = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear) # NF4 by default - -# Or use FP4 -linear_fp4 = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear, quant_type='fp4') - -# Quantize entire model -config = BitsAndBytesConfig( - load_in_4bit=True, - bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4", - bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16, -) -model = quantize_model(your_model, quantization_config=config, device='mps') -``` - -### 8-bit Quantization (FP8 or INT8) - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear8bit, LinearFP8 - -# INT8 (traditional) -linear_int8 = Linear8bit.from_linear(linear) - -# FP8 E4M3 (better precision) -linear_fp8 = LinearFP8.from_linear(linear) -``` - -### 8-bit Optimizers - -Memory-efficient optimizers that store momentum/variance in 8-bit: - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import Adam8bit, AdamW8bit, Lion8bit, SGD8bit - -# Drop-in replacement for torch optimizers -optimizer = Adam8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3) -optimizer = AdamW8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3, weight_decay=0.01) -optimizer = Lion8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) -optimizer = SGD8bit(model.parameters(), lr=0.1, momentum=0.9) -``` - -### Paged Optimizers - -Offload optimizer states to CPU for training larger models: - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import PagedAdam, PagedAdamW, PagedLion - -# States are stored on CPU, copied to GPU during step() -optimizer = PagedAdamW(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3, page_to_cpu=True) -``` - -### Quantized Embeddings - -Reduce embedding table memory by 50-75%: - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import Embedding4bit, Embedding8bit, EmbeddingNF4, EmbeddingFP4 - -# Convert existing embedding -embed = torch.nn.Embedding(50000, 4096).half().to('mps') -embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed) # NF4 by default -embed_fp4 = EmbeddingFP4.from_embedding(embed) # FP4 -embed_8bit = Embedding8bit.from_embedding(embed) # INT8 -``` - -### Functional API - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import ( - # 4-bit - quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4, matmul_nf4, - quantize_fp4, dequantize_fp4, matmul_fp4, - # 8-bit - quantize_fp8_e4m3, dequantize_fp8_e4m3, matmul_fp8_e4m3, - quantize_rowwise, dequantize_rowwise, matmul_int8, - # Col+Row INT8 (LLM.int8 style) - quantize_colrow, dequantize_colrow, matmul_colrow, - # Double quantization - double_quant, dequant_absmax, - # Sparse - spmm_coo, spmm_coo_int8, sparse_coo_from_dense, quantize_sparse_coo, -) - -# NF4 -weight = torch.randn(4096, 4096, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) -packed, absmax = quantize_nf4(weight, block_size=64) -output = matmul_nf4(input, packed, absmax) - -# Double quantization (quantize the scales too) -absmax_quant, absmax_scales = double_quant(absmax) -``` - -## Memory Savings - -| Model | FP16 | INT8/FP8 | NF4/FP4 | -|-------|------|----------|---------| -| 7B params | 14 GB | 7 GB | **3.5 GB** | -| 13B params | 26 GB | 13 GB | **6.5 GB** | -| 70B params | 140 GB | 70 GB | **35 GB** | - -## HuggingFace Integration - -```python -from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM -from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model - -model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained( - "meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf", - torch_dtype=torch.float16, -) - -config = BitsAndBytesConfig( - load_in_4bit=True, - bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4", - bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16, -) -model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config, device='mps') -``` - -## QLoRA Training - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model, Adam8bit -from peft import get_peft_model, LoraConfig - -# Load in 4-bit -config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True, bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4") -model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("model_name", torch_dtype=torch.float16) -model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config, device='mps') - -# Add LoRA adapters (train in fp16 while base stays quantized) -lora_config = LoraConfig(r=8, lora_alpha=16, target_modules=["q_proj", "v_proj"]) -model = get_peft_model(model, lora_config) - -# Use 8-bit optimizer for extra memory savings -optimizer = Adam8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) -trainer.train() -``` - -## API Reference - -### Linear Modules - -| Class | Format | Use Case | -|-------|--------|----------| -| `Linear4bit` | NF4 or FP4 | LLM inference, QLoRA | -| `Linear8bit` | INT8 | General quantization | -| `LinearFP8` | FP8 E4M3 | Better precision 8-bit | -| `OutlierAwareLinear` | INT8 + FP16 | LLM.int8 mixed precision | -| `SwitchBackLinear` | INT8 | Training with quantized forward | - -### Embedding Modules - -| Class | Format | Memory Savings | -|-------|--------|----------------| -| `Embedding4bit` | NF4 (default) | ~75% | -| `EmbeddingNF4` | NF4 | ~75% | -| `EmbeddingFP4` | FP4 | ~75% | -| `Embedding8bit` | INT8 | ~50% | - -### Optimizers - -| Class | Description | -|-------|-------------| -| `Adam8bit` | Adam with 8-bit states | -| `AdamW8bit` | AdamW with 8-bit states | -| `Lion8bit` | Lion optimizer with 8-bit momentum | -| `SGD8bit` | SGD with 8-bit momentum | -| `PagedAdam` | Adam with CPU offloading | -| `PagedAdamW` | AdamW with CPU offloading | -| `PagedLion` | Lion with CPU offloading | - -### Functional API - -**4-bit (NF4/FP4):** -- `quantize_nf4(tensor, block_size=64)` / `quantize_fp4(...)` -- `dequantize_nf4(packed, absmax, ...)` / `dequantize_fp4(...)` -- `matmul_nf4(input, weight_packed, weight_absmax, bias=None)` / `matmul_fp4(...)` - -**8-bit:** -- `quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor)` - FP8 quantization -- `quantize_rowwise(tensor)` - INT8 row-wise quantization -- `quantize_colrow(tensor)` - INT8 col+row quantization (LLM.int8) -- `matmul_fp8_e4m3(...)` / `matmul_int8(...)` / `matmul_colrow(...)` - -**Double Quantization:** -- `double_quant(absmax, double_quant_block=256)` - Quantize scales -- `dequant_absmax(absmax_quant, absmax_scales)` - Restore scales - -**Sparse Operations:** -- `sparse_coo_from_dense(tensor)` - Convert to COO format -- `spmm_coo(row_idx, col_idx, values, dense, rows, cols)` - Sparse matmul -- `spmm_coo_int8(...)` - INT8 sparse matmul -- `quantize_sparse_coo(row_idx, col_idx, values)` - Quantize sparse values - -**Utilities:** -- `is_available()` - Check MPS availability -- `has_native_kernels()` - Check Metal kernels loaded -- `get_memory_footprint(model)` - Calculate memory usage - -## Comparison with bitsandbytes - -| Feature | bitsandbytes (CUDA) | mps-bitsandbytes | -|---------|---------------------|------------------| -| NF4/FP4 | CUDA | Metal | -| INT8/FP8 | CUDA | Metal | -| Double quant | CUDA | Metal | -| 8-bit Optimizers | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| Paged Optimizers | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| Quantized Embeddings | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| Sparse matmul | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| LLM.int8 (col+row) | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| Platform | NVIDIA | Apple Silicon | - -## Demo - -```bash -# Chat with a quantized LLM -python demo/chat.py -``` - -## License - -MIT - -## Credits - -- [bitsandbytes](https://github.com/bitsandbytes-foundation/bitsandbytes) - Original CUDA implementation -- [QLoRA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.14314) - NF4 quantization paper diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/README.md b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/README.md deleted file mode 100644 index 098b367..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/README.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,279 +0,0 @@ -# MPS BitsAndBytes - -**Real 4-bit and 8-bit quantization for PyTorch on Apple Silicon (M1/M2/M3/M4).** - -Full bitsandbytes-compatible API with Metal GPU acceleration for running large models on your Mac. - -## Features - -| Format | Bits | Memory Savings | Best For | -|--------|------|----------------|----------| -| **NF4** | 4-bit | ~75% | LLM weights (normally distributed) | -| **FP4** | 4-bit | ~75% | Alternative with better dynamic range | -| **FP8 E4M3** | 8-bit | ~50% | Better precision than INT8 | -| **INT8** | 8-bit | ~50% | General purpose | - -Plus: -- **Metal GPU kernels** - Fused dequant+matmul, no Python overhead -- **Double quantization** - Extra ~10% savings on scales -- **8-bit Optimizers** - Adam8bit, AdamW8bit, Lion8bit, SGD8bit -- **Paged Optimizers** - CPU offloading for larger models -- **Quantized Embeddings** - Embedding4bit, Embedding8bit -- **Sparse Operations** - spmm_coo, spmm_coo_int8 -- **LLM.int8** - OutlierAwareLinear with col+row quantization -- **HuggingFace compatible** - `BitsAndBytesConfig` API works out of the box -- **QLoRA training** - Freeze quantized weights, train LoRA adapters - -## Installation - -```bash -pip install mps-bitsandbytes -``` - -Or from source: - -```bash -git clone https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes -cd mps-bitsandbytes -pip install -e . -``` - -## Quick Start - -### 4-bit Quantization (NF4 - Recommended for LLMs) - -```python -import torch -from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit, BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model - -# Convert a single layer -linear = torch.nn.Linear(4096, 4096).half().to('mps') -linear_4bit = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear) # NF4 by default - -# Or use FP4 -linear_fp4 = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear, quant_type='fp4') - -# Quantize entire model -config = BitsAndBytesConfig( - load_in_4bit=True, - bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4", - bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16, -) -model = quantize_model(your_model, quantization_config=config, device='mps') -``` - -### 8-bit Quantization (FP8 or INT8) - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear8bit, LinearFP8 - -# INT8 (traditional) -linear_int8 = Linear8bit.from_linear(linear) - -# FP8 E4M3 (better precision) -linear_fp8 = LinearFP8.from_linear(linear) -``` - -### 8-bit Optimizers - -Memory-efficient optimizers that store momentum/variance in 8-bit: - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import Adam8bit, AdamW8bit, Lion8bit, SGD8bit - -# Drop-in replacement for torch optimizers -optimizer = Adam8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3) -optimizer = AdamW8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3, weight_decay=0.01) -optimizer = Lion8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) -optimizer = SGD8bit(model.parameters(), lr=0.1, momentum=0.9) -``` - -### Paged Optimizers - -Offload optimizer states to CPU for training larger models: - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import PagedAdam, PagedAdamW, PagedLion - -# States are stored on CPU, copied to GPU during step() -optimizer = PagedAdamW(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3, page_to_cpu=True) -``` - -### Quantized Embeddings - -Reduce embedding table memory by 50-75%: - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import Embedding4bit, Embedding8bit, EmbeddingNF4, EmbeddingFP4 - -# Convert existing embedding -embed = torch.nn.Embedding(50000, 4096).half().to('mps') -embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed) # NF4 by default -embed_fp4 = EmbeddingFP4.from_embedding(embed) # FP4 -embed_8bit = Embedding8bit.from_embedding(embed) # INT8 -``` - -### Functional API - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import ( - # 4-bit - quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4, matmul_nf4, - quantize_fp4, dequantize_fp4, matmul_fp4, - # 8-bit - quantize_fp8_e4m3, dequantize_fp8_e4m3, matmul_fp8_e4m3, - quantize_rowwise, dequantize_rowwise, matmul_int8, - # Col+Row INT8 (LLM.int8 style) - quantize_colrow, dequantize_colrow, matmul_colrow, - # Double quantization - double_quant, dequant_absmax, - # Sparse - spmm_coo, spmm_coo_int8, sparse_coo_from_dense, quantize_sparse_coo, -) - -# NF4 -weight = torch.randn(4096, 4096, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) -packed, absmax = quantize_nf4(weight, block_size=64) -output = matmul_nf4(input, packed, absmax) - -# Double quantization (quantize the scales too) -absmax_quant, absmax_scales = double_quant(absmax) -``` - -## Memory Savings - -| Model | FP16 | INT8/FP8 | NF4/FP4 | -|-------|------|----------|---------| -| 7B params | 14 GB | 7 GB | **3.5 GB** | -| 13B params | 26 GB | 13 GB | **6.5 GB** | -| 70B params | 140 GB | 70 GB | **35 GB** | - -## HuggingFace Integration - -```python -from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM -from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model - -model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained( - "meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf", - torch_dtype=torch.float16, -) - -config = BitsAndBytesConfig( - load_in_4bit=True, - bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4", - bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16, -) -model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config, device='mps') -``` - -## QLoRA Training - -```python -from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model, Adam8bit -from peft import get_peft_model, LoraConfig - -# Load in 4-bit -config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True, bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4") -model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("model_name", torch_dtype=torch.float16) -model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config, device='mps') - -# Add LoRA adapters (train in fp16 while base stays quantized) -lora_config = LoraConfig(r=8, lora_alpha=16, target_modules=["q_proj", "v_proj"]) -model = get_peft_model(model, lora_config) - -# Use 8-bit optimizer for extra memory savings -optimizer = Adam8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) -trainer.train() -``` - -## API Reference - -### Linear Modules - -| Class | Format | Use Case | -|-------|--------|----------| -| `Linear4bit` | NF4 or FP4 | LLM inference, QLoRA | -| `Linear8bit` | INT8 | General quantization | -| `LinearFP8` | FP8 E4M3 | Better precision 8-bit | -| `OutlierAwareLinear` | INT8 + FP16 | LLM.int8 mixed precision | -| `SwitchBackLinear` | INT8 | Training with quantized forward | - -### Embedding Modules - -| Class | Format | Memory Savings | -|-------|--------|----------------| -| `Embedding4bit` | NF4 (default) | ~75% | -| `EmbeddingNF4` | NF4 | ~75% | -| `EmbeddingFP4` | FP4 | ~75% | -| `Embedding8bit` | INT8 | ~50% | - -### Optimizers - -| Class | Description | -|-------|-------------| -| `Adam8bit` | Adam with 8-bit states | -| `AdamW8bit` | AdamW with 8-bit states | -| `Lion8bit` | Lion optimizer with 8-bit momentum | -| `SGD8bit` | SGD with 8-bit momentum | -| `PagedAdam` | Adam with CPU offloading | -| `PagedAdamW` | AdamW with CPU offloading | -| `PagedLion` | Lion with CPU offloading | - -### Functional API - -**4-bit (NF4/FP4):** -- `quantize_nf4(tensor, block_size=64)` / `quantize_fp4(...)` -- `dequantize_nf4(packed, absmax, ...)` / `dequantize_fp4(...)` -- `matmul_nf4(input, weight_packed, weight_absmax, bias=None)` / `matmul_fp4(...)` - -**8-bit:** -- `quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor)` - FP8 quantization -- `quantize_rowwise(tensor)` - INT8 row-wise quantization -- `quantize_colrow(tensor)` - INT8 col+row quantization (LLM.int8) -- `matmul_fp8_e4m3(...)` / `matmul_int8(...)` / `matmul_colrow(...)` - -**Double Quantization:** -- `double_quant(absmax, double_quant_block=256)` - Quantize scales -- `dequant_absmax(absmax_quant, absmax_scales)` - Restore scales - -**Sparse Operations:** -- `sparse_coo_from_dense(tensor)` - Convert to COO format -- `spmm_coo(row_idx, col_idx, values, dense, rows, cols)` - Sparse matmul -- `spmm_coo_int8(...)` - INT8 sparse matmul -- `quantize_sparse_coo(row_idx, col_idx, values)` - Quantize sparse values - -**Utilities:** -- `is_available()` - Check MPS availability -- `has_native_kernels()` - Check Metal kernels loaded -- `get_memory_footprint(model)` - Calculate memory usage - -## Comparison with bitsandbytes - -| Feature | bitsandbytes (CUDA) | mps-bitsandbytes | -|---------|---------------------|------------------| -| NF4/FP4 | CUDA | Metal | -| INT8/FP8 | CUDA | Metal | -| Double quant | CUDA | Metal | -| 8-bit Optimizers | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| Paged Optimizers | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| Quantized Embeddings | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| Sparse matmul | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| LLM.int8 (col+row) | CUDA | Pure PyTorch | -| Platform | NVIDIA | Apple Silicon | - -## Demo - -```bash -# Chat with a quantized LLM -python demo/chat.py -``` - -## License - -MIT - -## Credits - -- [bitsandbytes](https://github.com/bitsandbytes-foundation/bitsandbytes) - Original CUDA implementation -- [QLoRA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.14314) - NF4 quantization paper diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/__init__.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/__init__.py deleted file mode 100644 index f6b2c1f..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/__init__.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,229 +0,0 @@ -""" -MPS BitsAndBytes - 4-bit and 8-bit quantization for PyTorch on Apple Silicon - -Enables QLoRA training and memory-efficient inference on MPS devices with -real NF4/FP4 4-bit and FP8/INT8 8-bit quantization using Metal GPU acceleration. - -Features: -- NF4 4-bit quantization (~4x memory reduction, optimal for neural network weights) -- FP4 4-bit quantization (alternative with better dynamic range) -- FP8 E4M3 8-bit quantization (better precision than INT8) -- INT8 8-bit quantization (~2x memory reduction) -- Double quantization support (~10% extra savings) -- Metal GPU kernels for fused dequant+matmul -- HuggingFace transformers compatible API -- QLoRA training support -- 8-bit optimizers (Adam8bit, SGD8bit, Lion8bit) -- Paged optimizers for CPU offloading -- Quantized embeddings (Embedding4bit, Embedding8bit) - -Example: - >>> import torch - >>> from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit, quantize_nf4 - >>> - >>> # Quantize a linear layer - >>> linear = torch.nn.Linear(4096, 4096).half().to('mps') - >>> linear_4bit = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear) - >>> - >>> # Or use the functional API - >>> weight = torch.randn(4096, 4096).half().to('mps') - >>> packed, absmax = quantize_nf4(weight) - -HuggingFace Integration: - >>> from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model - >>> from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM - >>> - >>> config = BitsAndBytesConfig( - ... load_in_4bit=True, - ... bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4", - ... bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16, - ... ) - >>> - >>> model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("model_name", torch_dtype=torch.float16) - >>> model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config, device='mps') -""" - -import torch as _torch - -__version__ = "0.7.0" - -# Core functional API (bitsandbytes-compatible) -from .functional import ( - # QuantState class for managing quantization state - QuantState, - # Generic 4-bit (bitsandbytes API) - quantize_4bit, - dequantize_4bit, - matmul_4bit, - # NF4 (4-bit NormalFloat - best for neural network weights) - quantize_nf4, - dequantize_nf4, - matmul_nf4, - NF4_CODEBOOK, - create_normal_map, - # FP4 (4-bit Floating Point - better dynamic range) - quantize_fp4, - dequantize_fp4, - matmul_fp4, - FP4_CODEBOOK, - create_fp4_map, - # Blockwise INT8 (bitsandbytes API) - quantize_blockwise, - dequantize_blockwise, - # FP8 E4M3 (8-bit - better precision than INT8) - quantize_fp8_e4m3, - dequantize_fp8_e4m3, - matmul_fp8_e4m3, - # INT8 (8-bit integer) - row-wise - quantize_rowwise, - dequantize_rowwise, - matmul_int8, - # INT8 with column+row statistics (LLM.int8 style) - quantize_colrow, - dequantize_colrow, - matmul_colrow, - # Double quantization (extra ~10% savings) - double_quant, - dequant_absmax, - # Sparse matrix operations (COO format) - spmm_coo, - spmm_coo_int8, - sparse_coo_from_dense, - quantize_sparse_coo, -) - -# Neural network modules -from .nn import ( - Linear4bit, Linear8bit, LinearFP8, - Embedding4bit, Embedding8bit, EmbeddingNF4, EmbeddingFP4, - OutlierAwareLinear, - SwitchBackLinear, SwitchBackLinearCallback, -) - -# 8-bit and paged optimizers -from .optim import ( - Adam8bit, AdamW8bit, Lion8bit, SGD8bit, - PagedAdam, PagedAdamW, PagedLion, - quantize_state, dequantize_state, -) - -# HuggingFace integration -from .integration import ( - BitsAndBytesConfig, - quantize_model, - replace_linear_with_4bit, - replace_linear_with_8bit, - get_memory_footprint, -) - - -def is_available() -> bool: - """Check if MPS is available for quantized operations.""" - return _torch.backends.mps.is_available() - - -def has_native_kernels() -> bool: - """Check if native Metal kernels are available.""" - try: - from . import _C - return True - except ImportError: - return False - - - - -# All public exports -__all__ = [ - # Version - '__version__', - - # Availability checks - 'is_available', - 'has_native_kernels', - - # QuantState class - 'QuantState', - - # Generic 4-bit (bitsandbytes API) - 'quantize_4bit', - 'dequantize_4bit', - 'matmul_4bit', - - # NF4 functional API (4-bit, optimal for NN weights) - 'quantize_nf4', - 'dequantize_nf4', - 'matmul_nf4', - 'NF4_CODEBOOK', - 'create_normal_map', - - # FP4 functional API (4-bit, better dynamic range) - 'quantize_fp4', - 'dequantize_fp4', - 'matmul_fp4', - 'FP4_CODEBOOK', - 'create_fp4_map', - - # Blockwise INT8 (bitsandbytes API) - 'quantize_blockwise', - 'dequantize_blockwise', - - # FP8 functional API (8-bit floating point) - 'quantize_fp8_e4m3', - 'dequantize_fp8_e4m3', - 'matmul_fp8_e4m3', - - # INT8 functional API - 'quantize_rowwise', - 'dequantize_rowwise', - 'matmul_int8', - - # INT8 with column+row statistics - 'quantize_colrow', - 'dequantize_colrow', - 'matmul_colrow', - - # Double quantization - 'double_quant', - 'dequant_absmax', - - # Sparse matrix operations (COO format) - 'spmm_coo', - 'spmm_coo_int8', - 'sparse_coo_from_dense', - 'quantize_sparse_coo', - - # Neural network modules - 'Linear4bit', - 'Linear8bit', - 'LinearFP8', - 'Embedding4bit', - 'Embedding8bit', - 'EmbeddingNF4', - 'EmbeddingFP4', - 'OutlierAwareLinear', - 'SwitchBackLinear', - 'SwitchBackLinearCallback', - - # 8-bit optimizers - 'Adam8bit', - 'AdamW8bit', - 'Lion8bit', - 'SGD8bit', - - # Paged optimizers - 'PagedAdam', - 'PagedAdamW', - 'PagedLion', - - # Optimizer utilities - 'quantize_state', - 'dequantize_state', - - # HuggingFace integration - 'BitsAndBytesConfig', - 'quantize_model', - 'replace_linear_with_4bit', - 'replace_linear_with_8bit', - 'get_memory_footprint', -] diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/csrc/mps_bitsandbytes.mm b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/csrc/mps_bitsandbytes.mm deleted file mode 100644 index 0d13d3c..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/csrc/mps_bitsandbytes.mm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2800 +0,0 @@ -/** - * MPS BitsAndBytes - PyTorch C++ Extension - * - * Quantization kernels for Apple Silicon: - * - INT8: 8-bit integer quantization - * - NF4: 4-bit NormalFloat (QLoRA) - * - FP4: 4-bit floating point - * - FP8: 8-bit floating point (E4M3/E5M2) - * - Double quantization support - */ - -#include -#include -#include - -#import -#import - -#include -#include -#include -#include -#include - -// ============================================================================= -// Metal Device and Libraries (Thread-Safe) -// ============================================================================= - -static id g_device = nil; -static id g_library = nil; -static std::unordered_map> g_pipelines; - -// Thread-safety primitives -static std::mutex g_init_mutex; -static std::atomic g_device_initialized{false}; - -static void ensure_device() { - // Fast path: already initialized - if (g_device_initialized.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) { - return; - } - - // Slow path: acquire lock and initialize - std::lock_guard lock(g_init_mutex); - - // Double-check after acquiring lock - if (g_device_initialized.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) { - return; - } - - g_device = MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice(); - if (!g_device) { - throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create Metal device"); - } - - g_device_initialized.store(true, std::memory_order_release); -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Embedded Shader Source (all kernels in one) -// ============================================================================= - -static const char* KERNELS_SOURCE = R"( -#include -using namespace metal; - -// ============================================================================= -// NF4 Codebook -// ============================================================================= - -constant float NF4_CODEBOOK[16] = { - -1.0f, -0.6961928009986877f, -0.5250730514526367f, -0.39491748809814453f, - -0.28444138169288635f, -0.18477343022823334f, -0.09105003625154495f, 0.0f, - 0.07958029955625534f, 0.16093020141124725f, 0.24611230194568634f, 0.33791524171829224f, - 0.44070982933044434f, 0.5626170039176941f, 0.7229568362236023f, 1.0f -}; - -// ============================================================================= -// FP4 Codebook (normalized to [-1, 1]) -// ============================================================================= - -constant float FP4_CODEBOOK[16] = { - 0.0f, 0.0625f, 0.125f, 0.25f, 0.375f, 0.5f, 0.75f, 1.0f, - -0.0f, -0.0625f, -0.125f, -0.25f, -0.375f, -0.5f, -0.75f, -1.0f -}; - -// Half (fp16) max representable value - values beyond this become Inf -constant float FP16_MAX_VAL = 65504.0f; - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 Conversion Functions -// ============================================================================= - -inline float fp8_e4m3_to_float(uchar fp8) { - uint sign = (fp8 >> 7) & 0x1; - uint exp = (fp8 >> 3) & 0xF; - uint mant = fp8 & 0x7; - - float result; - if (exp == 0) { - result = (mant == 0) ? 0.0f : ldexp(float(mant) / 8.0f, -6); - } else if (exp == 15 && mant == 7) { - result = NAN; - } else { - result = ldexp(1.0f + float(mant) / 8.0f, int(exp) - 7); - } - return sign ? -result : result; -} - -inline uchar float_to_fp8_e4m3(float val) { - if (isnan(val)) return 0x7F; - uint sign = val < 0 ? 1 : 0; - val = abs(val); - val = min(val, 448.0f); - if (val == 0.0f) return sign << 7; - - int exp; - float mant = frexp(val, exp); // Metal uses reference, not pointer - mant *= 2.0f; exp -= 1; // frexp returns [0.5, 1), we want [1, 2) - int biased_exp = exp + 7; - - if (biased_exp <= 0) { - // Subnormal - int shift = 1 - biased_exp; - if (shift > 3) return sign << 7; - uint mant_bits = uint((mant - 1.0f) * 8.0f + 0.5f) >> shift; - return (sign << 7) | min(mant_bits, 7u); - } else if (biased_exp >= 15) { - // Overflow to max - return (sign << 7) | (14 << 3) | 7; - } else { - uint mant_bits = uint((mant - 1.0f) * 8.0f + 0.5f); - return (sign << 7) | (biased_exp << 3) | min(mant_bits, 7u); - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Helper Functions -// ============================================================================= - -inline float dequant_nf4(uchar packed, uint pos, float scale) { - uchar idx = (pos == 0) ? (packed & 0x0F) : (packed >> 4); - return NF4_CODEBOOK[idx] * scale; -} - -inline float dequant_fp4(uchar packed, uint pos, float scale) { - uchar idx = (pos == 0) ? (packed & 0x0F) : (packed >> 4); - return FP4_CODEBOOK[idx] * scale; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// INT8 MatMul -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void int8_matmul_dequant( - device const char* A [[buffer(0)]], - device const char* B [[buffer(1)]], - device half* C [[buffer(2)]], - device const float* A_scales [[buffer(3)]], - device const float* B_scales [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - const uint TILE = 16; - threadgroup char As[16][16]; - threadgroup char Bs[16][16]; - - uint row = tgid.y * TILE + tid.y; - uint col = tgid.x * TILE + tid.x; - int acc = 0; - - for (uint t = 0; t < K; t += TILE) { - uint a_col = t + tid.x; - uint b_row = t + tid.y; - As[tid.y][tid.x] = (row < M && a_col < K) ? A[row * K + a_col] : 0; - Bs[tid.y][tid.x] = (b_row < K && col < N) ? B[b_row * N + col] : 0; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - for (uint k = 0; k < TILE; k++) { - acc += int(As[tid.y][k]) * int(Bs[k][tid.x]); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - if (row < M && col < N) { - float scale = (A_scales[row] * B_scales[col]) / (127.0f * 127.0f); - float result = float(acc) * scale; - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - result = clamp(result, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - C[row * N + col] = half(result); - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// INT8 MatMul with SIMD Group Matrix Operations (Apple Silicon optimized) -// Weight layout: [N, K] with row-wise scales[N] -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void int8_matmul_simd( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] half - device const char* weight [[buffer(1)]], // [N, K] int8 - device const float* weight_scales [[buffer(2)]], // [N] per-row scales - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], // [N] - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], // [M, N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(8)]], - uint simd_lane_id [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group_id [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint out_row_base = tgid.y * 8; - uint out_col_base = tgid.x * 8; - - threadgroup half A_tile[8][8]; - threadgroup half B_tile[8][8]; - - simdgroup_matrix C; - C = simdgroup_matrix(0.0f); - - for (uint k_base = 0; k_base < K; k_base += 8) { - // Load A tile - { - uint idx0 = simd_lane_id * 2; - uint idx1 = simd_lane_id * 2 + 1; - - uint r0 = idx0 / 8, c0 = idx0 % 8; - uint r1 = idx1 / 8, c1 = idx1 % 8; - - uint gr0 = out_row_base + r0, gc0 = k_base + c0; - uint gr1 = out_row_base + r1, gc1 = k_base + c1; - - A_tile[r0][c0] = (gr0 < M && gc0 < K) ? input[gr0 * K + gc0] : half(0); - A_tile[r1][c1] = (gr1 < M && gc1 < K) ? input[gr1 * K + gc1] : half(0); - } - - // Load + dequantize B tile (INT8) - { - uint idx0 = simd_lane_id * 2; - uint idx1 = simd_lane_id * 2 + 1; - - uint k0 = idx0 / 8, n0 = idx0 % 8; - uint k1 = idx1 / 8, n1 = idx1 % 8; - - uint gk0 = k_base + k0, gn0 = out_col_base + n0; - uint gk1 = k_base + k1, gn1 = out_col_base + n1; - - if (gk0 < K && gn0 < N) { - float scale = weight_scales[gn0]; - B_tile[k0][n0] = half(float(weight[gn0 * K + gk0]) * scale / 127.0f); - } else { - B_tile[k0][n0] = half(0); - } - - if (gk1 < K && gn1 < N) { - float scale = weight_scales[gn1]; - B_tile[k1][n1] = half(float(weight[gn1 * K + gk1]) * scale / 127.0f); - } else { - B_tile[k1][n1] = half(0); - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - simdgroup_matrix A_mat, B_mat; - simdgroup_load(A_mat, &A_tile[0][0], 8); - simdgroup_load(B_mat, &B_tile[0][0], 8); - simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(C, A_mat, B_mat, C); - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - // Store result - threadgroup float C_tile[8][8]; - simdgroup_store(C, &C_tile[0][0], 8); - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - for (uint idx = simd_lane_id * 2; idx < 64; idx += 64) { - uint r0 = idx / 8, c0 = idx % 8; - uint r1 = (idx + 1) / 8, c1 = (idx + 1) % 8; - - uint gr0 = out_row_base + r0, gc0 = out_col_base + c0; - uint gr1 = out_row_base + r1, gc1 = out_col_base + c1; - - if (gr0 < M && gc0 < N) { - float v = C_tile[r0][c0]; - if (has_bias) v += float(bias[gc0]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - v = clamp(v, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[gr0 * N + gc0] = half(v); - } - if (gr1 < M && gc1 < N) { - float v = C_tile[r1][c1]; - if (has_bias) v += float(bias[gc1]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - v = clamp(v, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[gr1 * N + gc1] = half(v); - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// NF4 Kernels -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void nf4_quantize( - device const float* input [[buffer(0)]], - device uchar* output [[buffer(1)]], - device float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint row = tgid.y; - if (row >= rows) return; - - uint num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - uint thread_id = tid.x; - - device const float* row_data = input + row * cols; - device uchar* row_out = output + row * (cols / 2); - device float* row_absmax = absmax + row * num_blocks; - - for (uint block = 0; block < num_blocks; block++) { - uint start = block * block_size; - uint end = min(start + block_size, cols); - uint len = end - start; - - float local_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < len; i += 256) { - local_max = max(local_max, abs(row_data[start + i])); - } - local_max = simd_max(local_max); - - threadgroup float shared[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) shared[simd_group] = local_max; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (thread_id == 0) { - float m = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) m = max(m, shared[i]); - row_absmax[block] = max(m, 1e-8f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - float bmax = row_absmax[block]; - - for (uint i = thread_id * 2; i < len; i += 512) { - uint i0 = start + i, i1 = start + i + 1; - float v0 = (i0 < cols) ? row_data[i0] / bmax : 0.0f; - float v1 = (i1 < cols) ? row_data[i1] / bmax : 0.0f; - - uchar q0 = 0, q1 = 0; - float d0 = INFINITY, d1 = INFINITY; - for (uchar c = 0; c < 16; c++) { - float dist0 = abs(v0 - NF4_CODEBOOK[c]); - float dist1 = abs(v1 - NF4_CODEBOOK[c]); - if (dist0 < d0) { d0 = dist0; q0 = c; } - if (dist1 < d1) { d1 = dist1; q1 = c; } - } - row_out[i0 / 2] = q0 | (q1 << 4); - } - } -} - -kernel void nf4_dequantize( - device const uchar* packed [[buffer(0)]], - device const float* absmax [[buffer(1)]], - device half* output [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint row = gid.y, col = gid.x; - if (row >= rows || col >= cols) return; - - uint num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - uint blk = col / block_size; - float scale = absmax[row * num_blocks + blk]; - output[row * cols + col] = half(dequant_nf4(packed[row * (cols/2) + col/2], col % 2, scale)); -} - -kernel void nf4_linear_simple( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& K_weight [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(9)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(10)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint m = gid.y, n = gid.x; - if (m >= M || n >= N) return; - - uint num_blocks = K_weight / block_size; - float acc = 0.0f; - - for (uint k = 0; k < K; k++) { - float in_val = float(input[m * K + k]); - float scale = absmax[n * num_blocks + k / block_size]; - float w_val = dequant_nf4(weight[n * (K_weight/2) + k/2], k % 2, scale); - acc += in_val * w_val; - } - - if (has_bias) acc += float(bias[n]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - acc = clamp(acc, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[m * N + n] = half(acc); -} - -constant uint TILE_M = 32; -constant uint TILE_N = 32; -constant uint TILE_K = 64; - -// ============================================================================= -// NF4 MatMul with SIMD Group Matrix Operations (Apple Silicon optimized) -// Uses hardware 8x8 matrix multiply for ~2-4x speedup -// -// Computes: C[M,N] = A[M,K] @ B[K,N] where B is dequantized from NF4 -// Weight is stored as [N, K] so B[k,n] = dequant(weight[n,k]) -// ============================================================================= - -// Simple version: one simdgroup handles one 8x8 output tile -// K = input dimension (original), K_weight = weight dimension (may be padded) -kernel void nf4_matmul_simd( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], // [N, K_weight/2] packed - device const float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], // [N, num_blocks] - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], // [N] - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], // [M, N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], // Input K (original) - constant uint& K_weight [[buffer(8)]], // Weight K (padded) - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(9)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(10)]], - uint simd_lane_id [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group_id [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - // Each threadgroup is 32 threads (1 simdgroup) - // Each threadgroup handles one 8x8 output tile - // tgid.x = output column block (0..N/8) - // tgid.y = output row block (0..M/8) - - uint out_row_base = tgid.y * 8; - uint out_col_base = tgid.x * 8; - - // Shared memory for tiles - threadgroup half A_tile[8][8]; // [8 rows, 8 cols of K] - threadgroup half B_tile[8][8]; // [8 rows of K, 8 cols] - - // Accumulator - simdgroup_matrix C; - C = simdgroup_matrix(0.0f); - - uint num_blocks = K_weight / block_size; // Use padded K for weight blocks - - // Loop over K in chunks of 8 - for (uint k_base = 0; k_base < K; k_base += 8) { - // Load A tile [8 x 8] - 64 elements, 32 threads = 2 per thread - { - uint idx0 = simd_lane_id * 2; - uint idx1 = simd_lane_id * 2 + 1; - - uint r0 = idx0 / 8, c0 = idx0 % 8; - uint r1 = idx1 / 8, c1 = idx1 % 8; - - uint gr0 = out_row_base + r0, gc0 = k_base + c0; - uint gr1 = out_row_base + r1, gc1 = k_base + c1; - - A_tile[r0][c0] = (gr0 < M && gc0 < K) ? input[gr0 * K + gc0] : half(0); - A_tile[r1][c1] = (gr1 < M && gc1 < K) ? input[gr1 * K + gc1] : half(0); - } - - // Load + dequantize B tile [8 x 8] - // B[k,n] = dequant(weight[n,k]) - { - uint idx0 = simd_lane_id * 2; - uint idx1 = simd_lane_id * 2 + 1; - - uint k0 = idx0 / 8, n0 = idx0 % 8; - uint k1 = idx1 / 8, n1 = idx1 % 8; - - uint gk0 = k_base + k0, gn0 = out_col_base + n0; - uint gk1 = k_base + k1, gn1 = out_col_base + n1; - - if (gk0 < K && gn0 < N) { - float scale = absmax[gn0 * num_blocks + gk0 / block_size]; - uchar packed = weight[gn0 * (K_weight/2) + gk0/2]; - B_tile[k0][n0] = half(dequant_nf4(packed, gk0 % 2, scale)); - } else { - B_tile[k0][n0] = half(0); - } - - if (gk1 < K && gn1 < N) { - float scale = absmax[gn1 * num_blocks + gk1 / block_size]; - uchar packed = weight[gn1 * (K_weight/2) + gk1/2]; - B_tile[k1][n1] = half(dequant_nf4(packed, gk1 % 2, scale)); - } else { - B_tile[k1][n1] = half(0); - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - // Load into simdgroup matrices and multiply - simdgroup_matrix A_mat, B_mat; - simdgroup_load(A_mat, &A_tile[0][0], 8); - simdgroup_load(B_mat, &B_tile[0][0], 8); - - simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(C, A_mat, B_mat, C); - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - // Store result - threadgroup float C_tile[8][8]; - simdgroup_store(C, &C_tile[0][0], 8); - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - // Each lane stores 2 elements - for (uint idx = simd_lane_id * 2; idx < 64; idx += 64) { - uint r0 = idx / 8, c0 = idx % 8; - uint r1 = (idx + 1) / 8, c1 = (idx + 1) % 8; - - uint gr0 = out_row_base + r0, gc0 = out_col_base + c0; - uint gr1 = out_row_base + r1, gc1 = out_col_base + c1; - - if (gr0 < M && gc0 < N) { - float v = C_tile[r0][c0]; - if (has_bias) v += float(bias[gc0]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - v = clamp(v, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[gr0 * N + gc0] = half(v); - } - if (gr1 < M && gc1 < N) { - float v = C_tile[r1][c1]; - if (has_bias) v += float(bias[gc1]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - v = clamp(v, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[gr1 * N + gc1] = half(v); - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// NF4 MatMul Large Tile - 64x64 output with 8 simdgroups using simdgroup_matrix -// Best for large M (>128) - reduces dispatch overhead, maximizes ALU utilization -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void nf4_matmul_large( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], // [N, K_weight/2] packed - device const float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], // [N, num_blocks] - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], // [N] - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], // [M, N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& K_weight [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(9)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(10)]], - uint simd_lane_id [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group_id [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - // 256 threads = 8 simdgroups - // Each threadgroup handles 64x64 output - // Each simdgroup handles 8x64 output (8 rows, 64 cols = 8 x 8x8 matrices) - // simd_group_id: 0-7 = rows 0-7, 8-15, ..., 56-63 - - const uint TILE_OUT = 64; - const uint TILE_K = 32; // K tile size - - uint out_row_base = tgid.y * TILE_OUT + simd_group_id * 8; - uint out_col_base = tgid.x * TILE_OUT; - - // Each simdgroup accumulates 8x64 = 1x8 grid of 8x8 simdgroup_matrices - simdgroup_matrix C[8]; - for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) - C[j] = simdgroup_matrix(0.0f); - - // Shared memory for tiles - threadgroup half A_shared[64][TILE_K + 1]; // [64 rows, 32 K] - threadgroup half B_shared[TILE_K][64 + 1]; // [32 K, 64 N] - - uint num_blocks = K_weight / block_size; - - // Loop over K dimension in chunks of TILE_K - for (uint k_base = 0; k_base < K; k_base += TILE_K) { - // === Cooperative load of A tile [64 x 32] === - // 256 threads, 2048 elements = 8 per thread - { - uint thread_id = simd_group_id * 32 + simd_lane_id; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 256; - uint local_row = flat_idx / TILE_K; - uint local_col = flat_idx % TILE_K; - uint global_row = tgid.y * TILE_OUT + local_row; - uint global_col = k_base + local_col; - - half val = half(0); - if (global_row < M && global_col < K) { - val = input[global_row * K + global_col]; - } - A_shared[local_row][local_col] = val; - } - } - - // === Cooperative load + dequantize B tile [32 x 64] === - // B[k,n] = dequant(weight[n,k]) - { - uint thread_id = simd_group_id * 32 + simd_lane_id; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 256; - uint local_k = flat_idx / 64; - uint local_n = flat_idx % 64; - uint global_k = k_base + local_k; - uint global_n = tgid.x * TILE_OUT + local_n; - - half val = half(0); - if (global_k < K && global_n < N) { - float scale = absmax[global_n * num_blocks + global_k / block_size]; - uchar packed = weight[global_n * (K_weight/2) + global_k/2]; - val = half(dequant_nf4(packed, global_k % 2, scale)); - } - B_shared[local_k][local_n] = val; - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - // === Each simdgroup computes its 8x64 output === - // Loop over K in chunks of 8 for simdgroup_matrix - for (uint k_inner = 0; k_inner < TILE_K; k_inner += 8) { - // Load A matrix for this simdgroup's rows [8x8] - simdgroup_matrix A_mat; - simdgroup_load(A_mat, &A_shared[simd_group_id * 8][k_inner], TILE_K + 1); - - // Load B matrices for all 8 columns [8x8 each] - simdgroup_matrix B_mat[8]; - for (int ni = 0; ni < 8; ni++) { - simdgroup_load(B_mat[ni], &B_shared[k_inner][ni * 8], 65); - } - - // Multiply-accumulate: C[ni] += A_mat * B_mat[ni] - for (int ni = 0; ni < 8; ni++) { - simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(C[ni], A_mat, B_mat[ni], C[ni]); - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - // === Store results directly to global memory === - // Each simdgroup stores its 8x64 (8 x 8x8 matrices) - // Use separate shared memory per simdgroup to avoid conflicts - threadgroup float C_all[8][8][65]; // [simdgroup][row][col] - - for (int ni = 0; ni < 8; ni++) { - simdgroup_store(C[ni], &C_all[simd_group_id][0][ni * 8], 65); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - // Each lane writes 16 elements (512 / 32 = 16) - for (uint i = 0; i < 16; i++) { - uint flat_idx = simd_lane_id + i * 32; - uint local_row = flat_idx / 64; - uint local_col = flat_idx % 64; - uint global_row = out_row_base + local_row; - uint global_col = out_col_base + local_col; - - if (global_row < M && global_col < N) { - float v = C_all[simd_group_id][local_row][local_col]; - if (has_bias) v += float(bias[global_col]); - v = clamp(v, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[global_row * N + global_col] = half(v); - } - } -} - -kernel void nf4_matmul_fused( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& K_weight [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(9)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(10)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - threadgroup half As[TILE_M][TILE_K + 1]; - threadgroup half Bs[TILE_K][TILE_N + 1]; - - uint tx = tid.x, ty = tid.y; - uint thread_id = ty * 8 + tx; - uint row_base = tgid.y * TILE_M + ty * 4; - uint col_base = tgid.x * TILE_N + tx * 4; - - float acc[4][4] = {{0.0f}}; - uint num_blocks = K_weight / block_size; - - for (uint t = 0; t < K; t += TILE_K) { - for (uint i = 0; i < (TILE_M * TILE_K) / 64; i++) { - uint fi = thread_id + i * 64; - uint lr = fi / TILE_K, lc = fi % TILE_K; - uint gr = tgid.y * TILE_M + lr, gc = t + lc; - As[lr][lc] = (gr < M && gc < K) ? input[gr * K + gc] : half(0); - } - - for (uint i = 0; i < (TILE_K * TILE_N) / 64; i++) { - uint fi = thread_id + i * 64; - uint lk = fi / TILE_N, ln = fi % TILE_N; - uint gk = t + lk, gn = tgid.x * TILE_N + ln; - if (gk < K && gn < N) { - float scale = absmax[gn * num_blocks + gk / block_size]; - Bs[lk][ln] = half(dequant_nf4(weight[gn * (K_weight/2) + gk/2], gk % 2, scale)); - } else { - Bs[lk][ln] = half(0); - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - for (uint k = 0; k < TILE_K; k++) { - half av[4], bv[4]; - for (uint m = 0; m < 4; m++) av[m] = As[ty * 4 + m][k]; - for (uint n = 0; n < 4; n++) bv[n] = Bs[k][tx * 4 + n]; - for (uint m = 0; m < 4; m++) - for (uint n = 0; n < 4; n++) - acc[m][n] += float(av[m]) * float(bv[n]); - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - for (uint m = 0; m < 4; m++) { - uint or_ = row_base + m; - if (or_ >= M) continue; - for (uint n = 0; n < 4; n++) { - uint oc = col_base + n; - if (oc >= N) continue; - float r = acc[m][n]; - if (has_bias) r += float(bias[oc]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - r = clamp(r, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[or_ * N + oc] = half(r); - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP4 Kernels -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void fp4_quantize( - device const float* input [[buffer(0)]], - device uchar* output [[buffer(1)]], - device float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint row = tgid.y; - if (row >= rows) return; - - uint num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - uint thread_id = tid.x; - - device const float* row_data = input + row * cols; - device uchar* row_out = output + row * (cols / 2); - device float* row_absmax = absmax + row * num_blocks; - - for (uint block = 0; block < num_blocks; block++) { - uint start = block * block_size; - uint end = min(start + block_size, cols); - uint len = end - start; - - float local_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < len; i += 256) { - local_max = max(local_max, abs(row_data[start + i])); - } - local_max = simd_max(local_max); - - threadgroup float shared[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) shared[simd_group] = local_max; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (thread_id == 0) { - float m = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) m = max(m, shared[i]); - row_absmax[block] = max(m, 1e-8f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - float bmax = row_absmax[block]; - - for (uint i = thread_id * 2; i < len; i += 512) { - uint i0 = start + i, i1 = start + i + 1; - float v0 = (i0 < cols) ? row_data[i0] / bmax : 0.0f; - float v1 = (i1 < cols) ? row_data[i1] / bmax : 0.0f; - - uchar q0 = 0, q1 = 0; - float d0 = INFINITY, d1 = INFINITY; - for (uchar c = 0; c < 16; c++) { - float dist0 = abs(v0 - FP4_CODEBOOK[c]); - float dist1 = abs(v1 - FP4_CODEBOOK[c]); - if (dist0 < d0) { d0 = dist0; q0 = c; } - if (dist1 < d1) { d1 = dist1; q1 = c; } - } - row_out[i0 / 2] = q0 | (q1 << 4); - } - } -} - -kernel void fp4_dequantize( - device const uchar* packed [[buffer(0)]], - device const float* absmax [[buffer(1)]], - device half* output [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint row = gid.y, col = gid.x; - if (row >= rows || col >= cols) return; - - uint num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - uint blk = col / block_size; - float scale = absmax[row * num_blocks + blk]; - output[row * cols + col] = half(dequant_fp4(packed[row * (cols/2) + col/2], col % 2, scale)); -} - -kernel void fp4_linear_simple( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& K_weight [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(9)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(10)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint m = gid.y, n = gid.x; - if (m >= M || n >= N) return; - - uint num_blocks = K_weight / block_size; - float acc = 0.0f; - - for (uint k = 0; k < K; k++) { - float in_val = float(input[m * K + k]); - float scale = absmax[n * num_blocks + k / block_size]; - float w_val = dequant_fp4(weight[n * (K_weight/2) + k/2], k % 2, scale); - acc += in_val * w_val; - } - - if (has_bias) acc += float(bias[n]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - acc = clamp(acc, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[m * N + n] = half(acc); -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP4 MatMul with SIMD Group Matrix Operations (Apple Silicon optimized) -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void fp4_matmul_simd( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], // [N, K_weight/2] packed - device const float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], // [N, num_blocks] - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], // [N] - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], // [M, N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& K_weight [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(9)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(10)]], - uint simd_lane_id [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group_id [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint out_row_base = tgid.y * 8; - uint out_col_base = tgid.x * 8; - - threadgroup half A_tile[8][8]; - threadgroup half B_tile[8][8]; - - simdgroup_matrix C; - C = simdgroup_matrix(0.0f); - - uint num_blocks = K_weight / block_size; - - for (uint k_base = 0; k_base < K; k_base += 8) { - // Load A tile - { - uint idx0 = simd_lane_id * 2; - uint idx1 = simd_lane_id * 2 + 1; - - uint r0 = idx0 / 8, c0 = idx0 % 8; - uint r1 = idx1 / 8, c1 = idx1 % 8; - - uint gr0 = out_row_base + r0, gc0 = k_base + c0; - uint gr1 = out_row_base + r1, gc1 = k_base + c1; - - A_tile[r0][c0] = (gr0 < M && gc0 < K) ? input[gr0 * K + gc0] : half(0); - A_tile[r1][c1] = (gr1 < M && gc1 < K) ? input[gr1 * K + gc1] : half(0); - } - - // Load + dequantize B tile (FP4) - { - uint idx0 = simd_lane_id * 2; - uint idx1 = simd_lane_id * 2 + 1; - - uint k0 = idx0 / 8, n0 = idx0 % 8; - uint k1 = idx1 / 8, n1 = idx1 % 8; - - uint gk0 = k_base + k0, gn0 = out_col_base + n0; - uint gk1 = k_base + k1, gn1 = out_col_base + n1; - - if (gk0 < K && gn0 < N) { - float scale = absmax[gn0 * num_blocks + gk0 / block_size]; - uchar packed = weight[gn0 * (K_weight/2) + gk0/2]; - B_tile[k0][n0] = half(dequant_fp4(packed, gk0 % 2, scale)); - } else { - B_tile[k0][n0] = half(0); - } - - if (gk1 < K && gn1 < N) { - float scale = absmax[gn1 * num_blocks + gk1 / block_size]; - uchar packed = weight[gn1 * (K_weight/2) + gk1/2]; - B_tile[k1][n1] = half(dequant_fp4(packed, gk1 % 2, scale)); - } else { - B_tile[k1][n1] = half(0); - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - simdgroup_matrix A_mat, B_mat; - simdgroup_load(A_mat, &A_tile[0][0], 8); - simdgroup_load(B_mat, &B_tile[0][0], 8); - simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(C, A_mat, B_mat, C); - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - // Store result - threadgroup float C_tile[8][8]; - simdgroup_store(C, &C_tile[0][0], 8); - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - for (uint idx = simd_lane_id * 2; idx < 64; idx += 64) { - uint r0 = idx / 8, c0 = idx % 8; - uint r1 = (idx + 1) / 8, c1 = (idx + 1) % 8; - - uint gr0 = out_row_base + r0, gc0 = out_col_base + c0; - uint gr1 = out_row_base + r1, gc1 = out_col_base + c1; - - if (gr0 < M && gc0 < N) { - float v = C_tile[r0][c0]; - if (has_bias) v += float(bias[gc0]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - v = clamp(v, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[gr0 * N + gc0] = half(v); - } - if (gr1 < M && gc1 < N) { - float v = C_tile[r1][c1]; - if (has_bias) v += float(bias[gc1]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - v = clamp(v, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[gr1 * N + gc1] = half(v); - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 Kernels -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void fp8_e4m3_quantize( - device const float* input [[buffer(0)]], - device uchar* output [[buffer(1)]], - device float* scales [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint row = tgid.y; - if (row >= rows) return; - - uint thread_id = tid.x; - device const float* row_data = input + row * cols; - device uchar* row_out = output + row * cols; - - float local_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < cols; i += 256) { - local_max = max(local_max, abs(row_data[i])); - } - local_max = simd_max(local_max); - - threadgroup float shared[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) shared[simd_group] = local_max; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (thread_id == 0) { - float m = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) m = max(m, shared[i]); - scales[row] = max(m / 448.0f, 1e-12f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - float scale = scales[row]; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < cols; i += 256) { - row_out[i] = float_to_fp8_e4m3(row_data[i] / scale); - } -} - -kernel void fp8_e4m3_dequantize( - device const uchar* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const float* scales [[buffer(1)]], - device half* output [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint row = gid.y, col = gid.x; - if (row >= rows || col >= cols) return; - - float scale = scales[row]; - float val = fp8_e4m3_to_float(input[row * cols + col]) * scale; - output[row * cols + col] = half(val); -} - -kernel void fp8_e4m3_linear( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* scales [[buffer(2)]], - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(8)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint m = gid.y, n = gid.x; - if (m >= M || n >= N) return; - - float scale = scales[n]; - float acc = 0.0f; - - for (uint k = 0; k < K; k++) { - float in_val = float(input[m * K + k]); - float w_val = fp8_e4m3_to_float(weight[n * K + k]) * scale; - acc += in_val * w_val; - } - - if (has_bias) acc += float(bias[n]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - acc = clamp(acc, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[m * N + n] = half(acc); -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 MatMul with SIMD Group Matrix Operations (Apple Silicon optimized) -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void fp8_matmul_simd( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], // [N, K] FP8 packed - device const float* scales [[buffer(2)]], // [N] per-row scales - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], // [N] - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], // [M, N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(8)]], - uint simd_lane_id [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group_id [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint out_row_base = tgid.y * 8; - uint out_col_base = tgid.x * 8; - - threadgroup half A_tile[8][8]; - threadgroup half B_tile[8][8]; - - simdgroup_matrix C; - C = simdgroup_matrix(0.0f); - - for (uint k_base = 0; k_base < K; k_base += 8) { - // Load A tile - { - uint idx0 = simd_lane_id * 2; - uint idx1 = simd_lane_id * 2 + 1; - - uint r0 = idx0 / 8, c0 = idx0 % 8; - uint r1 = idx1 / 8, c1 = idx1 % 8; - - uint gr0 = out_row_base + r0, gc0 = k_base + c0; - uint gr1 = out_row_base + r1, gc1 = k_base + c1; - - A_tile[r0][c0] = (gr0 < M && gc0 < K) ? input[gr0 * K + gc0] : half(0); - A_tile[r1][c1] = (gr1 < M && gc1 < K) ? input[gr1 * K + gc1] : half(0); - } - - // Load + dequantize B tile (FP8) - { - uint idx0 = simd_lane_id * 2; - uint idx1 = simd_lane_id * 2 + 1; - - uint k0 = idx0 / 8, n0 = idx0 % 8; - uint k1 = idx1 / 8, n1 = idx1 % 8; - - uint gk0 = k_base + k0, gn0 = out_col_base + n0; - uint gk1 = k_base + k1, gn1 = out_col_base + n1; - - if (gk0 < K && gn0 < N) { - float scale = scales[gn0]; - B_tile[k0][n0] = half(fp8_e4m3_to_float(weight[gn0 * K + gk0]) * scale); - } else { - B_tile[k0][n0] = half(0); - } - - if (gk1 < K && gn1 < N) { - float scale = scales[gn1]; - B_tile[k1][n1] = half(fp8_e4m3_to_float(weight[gn1 * K + gk1]) * scale); - } else { - B_tile[k1][n1] = half(0); - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - simdgroup_matrix A_mat, B_mat; - simdgroup_load(A_mat, &A_tile[0][0], 8); - simdgroup_load(B_mat, &B_tile[0][0], 8); - simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(C, A_mat, B_mat, C); - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - // Store result - threadgroup float C_tile[8][8]; - simdgroup_store(C, &C_tile[0][0], 8); - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - for (uint idx = simd_lane_id * 2; idx < 64; idx += 64) { - uint r0 = idx / 8, c0 = idx % 8; - uint r1 = (idx + 1) / 8, c1 = (idx + 1) % 8; - - uint gr0 = out_row_base + r0, gc0 = out_col_base + c0; - uint gr1 = out_row_base + r1, gc1 = out_col_base + c1; - - if (gr0 < M && gc0 < N) { - float v = C_tile[r0][c0]; - if (has_bias) v += float(bias[gc0]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - v = clamp(v, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[gr0 * N + gc0] = half(v); - } - if (gr1 < M && gc1 < N) { - float v = C_tile[r1][c1]; - if (has_bias) v += float(bias[gc1]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - v = clamp(v, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[gr1 * N + gc1] = half(v); - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Double Quantization (quantize absmax with INT8) -// ============================================================================= - -// ============================================================================= -// Embedding Kernels -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void embedding_4bit_nf4( - device const uint* indices [[buffer(0)]], - device const uchar* weight_packed [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], - device half* output [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& num_indices [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& embedding_dim [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& num_blocks [[buffer(7)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint idx_pos = tgid.y; - if (idx_pos >= num_indices) return; - - uint emb_idx = indices[idx_pos]; - uint thread_id = tid.x; - uint packed_dim = embedding_dim / 2; - - device const uchar* row_packed = weight_packed + emb_idx * packed_dim; - device const float* row_absmax = absmax + emb_idx * num_blocks; - device half* out_row = output + idx_pos * embedding_dim; - - for (uint col = thread_id; col < embedding_dim; col += 256) { - uint blk = col / block_size; - float scale = row_absmax[blk]; - uchar packed = row_packed[col / 2]; - float val = dequant_nf4(packed, col % 2, scale); - out_row[col] = half(val); - } -} - -kernel void embedding_4bit_fp4( - device const uint* indices [[buffer(0)]], - device const uchar* weight_packed [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], - device half* output [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& num_indices [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& embedding_dim [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& num_blocks [[buffer(7)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint idx_pos = tgid.y; - if (idx_pos >= num_indices) return; - - uint emb_idx = indices[idx_pos]; - uint thread_id = tid.x; - uint packed_dim = embedding_dim / 2; - - device const uchar* row_packed = weight_packed + emb_idx * packed_dim; - device const float* row_absmax = absmax + emb_idx * num_blocks; - device half* out_row = output + idx_pos * embedding_dim; - - for (uint col = thread_id; col < embedding_dim; col += 256) { - uint blk = col / block_size; - float scale = row_absmax[blk]; - uchar packed = row_packed[col / 2]; - float val = dequant_fp4(packed, col % 2, scale); - out_row[col] = half(val); - } -} - -kernel void embedding_8bit( - device const uint* indices [[buffer(0)]], - device const char* weight_int8 [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* weight_scales [[buffer(2)]], - device half* output [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& num_indices [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& embedding_dim [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint col = gid.x; - uint idx_pos = gid.y; - if (col >= embedding_dim || idx_pos >= num_indices) return; - - uint emb_idx = indices[idx_pos]; - float scale = weight_scales[emb_idx]; - float val = float(weight_int8[emb_idx * embedding_dim + col]) * scale / 127.0f; - output[idx_pos * embedding_dim + col] = half(val); -} - -// ============================================================================= -// 8-bit Optimizer Kernels -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void adam8bit_step( - device half* param [[buffer(0)]], - device const half* grad [[buffer(1)]], - device char* exp_avg_int8 [[buffer(2)]], - device float* exp_avg_absmax [[buffer(3)]], - device uchar* exp_avg_sq_u8 [[buffer(4)]], - device float* exp_avg_sq_max [[buffer(5)]], - constant float& beta1 [[buffer(6)]], - constant float& beta2 [[buffer(7)]], - constant float& eps [[buffer(8)]], - constant float& lr [[buffer(9)]], - constant float& weight_decay [[buffer(10)]], - constant uint& step [[buffer(11)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(12)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(13)]], - constant uint& is_adamw [[buffer(14)]], - uint tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint block_idx = tgid; - uint block_start = block_idx * block_size; - if (block_start >= N) return; - uint block_end = min(block_start + block_size, N); - uint block_len = block_end - block_start; - - // Dequantize exp_avg (signed int8) - float m_absmax = exp_avg_absmax[block_idx]; - // Dequantize exp_avg_sq (unsigned uint8 with sqrt compression) - float v_max = exp_avg_sq_max[block_idx]; - - // Bias correction - float bc1 = 1.0f - pow(beta1, float(step)); - float bc2 = 1.0f - pow(beta2, float(step)); - float step_size = lr / bc1; - - // Process elements in this block - // Phase 1: Update moments and param, track new absmax - float new_m_max = 0.0f; - float new_v_max = 0.0f; - - // We process multiple elements per thread - for (uint i = tid; i < block_len; i += 256) { - uint global_idx = block_start + i; - - // Load param and grad - float p = float(param[global_idx]); - float g = float(grad[global_idx]); - - // Dequantize m - float m = float(exp_avg_int8[global_idx]) * (m_absmax / 127.0f); - // Dequantize v (reverse sqrt compression) - float v_sqrt = float(exp_avg_sq_u8[global_idx]) / 255.0f; - float v = v_sqrt * v_sqrt * v_max; - - // Weight decay - if (is_adamw != 0) { - // AdamW: decoupled weight decay - p = p * (1.0f - lr * weight_decay); - } else { - // Adam: L2 regularization on gradient - g = g + weight_decay * p; - } - - // Update moments - m = beta1 * m + (1.0f - beta1) * g; - v = beta2 * v + (1.0f - beta2) * g * g; - - // Update param - float v_hat = v / bc2; - float update = m * step_size / (sqrt(v_hat) + eps); - p = p - update; - param[global_idx] = half(p); - - // Track absmax for requantization - new_m_max = max(new_m_max, abs(m)); - new_v_max = max(new_v_max, v); - - // Store float values temporarily in the int8 buffers - // We'll requantize after the reduction - // Use a two-pass approach: store to threadgroup memory - } - - // SIMD reduction for new_m_max - new_m_max = simd_max(new_m_max); - new_v_max = simd_max(new_v_max); - - threadgroup float shared_m[8]; - threadgroup float shared_v[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) { - shared_m[simd_group] = new_m_max; - shared_v[simd_group] = new_v_max; - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (tid == 0) { - float m_max = 0.0f, v_mx = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) { - m_max = max(m_max, shared_m[i]); - v_mx = max(v_mx, shared_v[i]); - } - exp_avg_absmax[block_idx] = max(m_max, 1e-8f); - exp_avg_sq_max[block_idx] = max(v_mx, 1e-12f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - // Phase 2: Requantize with new absmax - float final_m_max = exp_avg_absmax[block_idx]; - float final_v_max = exp_avg_sq_max[block_idx]; - - for (uint i = tid; i < block_len; i += 256) { - uint global_idx = block_start + i; - - // Re-compute moments (same math as above) - float p_orig = float(param[global_idx]); - // We need the updated m and v values - recompute from original - float g = float(grad[global_idx]); - float m = float(exp_avg_int8[global_idx]) * (m_absmax / 127.0f); - float v_sqrt = float(exp_avg_sq_u8[global_idx]) / 255.0f; - float v = v_sqrt * v_sqrt * v_max; - - if (is_adamw == 0) { - // Need to reconstruct the adjusted gradient for L2 - // But param already updated, so we just recompute moments - float p_before_update = p_orig; // already updated, get original - g = g + weight_decay * float(grad[global_idx]); // approx - } - - m = beta1 * m + (1.0f - beta1) * g; - v = beta2 * v + (1.0f - beta2) * g * g; - - // Requantize m -> int8 - exp_avg_int8[global_idx] = char(clamp(round(m / final_m_max * 127.0f), -127.0f, 127.0f)); - // Requantize v -> uint8 with sqrt compression - float v_norm = v / final_v_max; - exp_avg_sq_u8[global_idx] = uchar(clamp(round(sqrt(v_norm) * 255.0f), 0.0f, 255.0f)); - } -} - -kernel void lion8bit_step( - device half* param [[buffer(0)]], - device const half* grad [[buffer(1)]], - device char* exp_avg_int8 [[buffer(2)]], - device float* exp_avg_absmax [[buffer(3)]], - constant float& beta1 [[buffer(4)]], - constant float& beta2 [[buffer(5)]], - constant float& lr [[buffer(6)]], - constant float& weight_decay [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(9)]], - uint tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint block_idx = tgid; - uint block_start = block_idx * block_size; - if (block_start >= N) return; - uint block_end = min(block_start + block_size, N); - uint block_len = block_end - block_start; - - float m_absmax = exp_avg_absmax[block_idx]; - float new_m_max = 0.0f; - - for (uint i = tid; i < block_len; i += 256) { - uint global_idx = block_start + i; - - float p = float(param[global_idx]); - float g = float(grad[global_idx]); - - // Dequantize m - float m = float(exp_avg_int8[global_idx]) * (m_absmax / 127.0f); - - // Weight decay (decoupled) - p = p * (1.0f - lr * weight_decay); - - // Lion update: sign of interpolation - float u = beta1 * m + (1.0f - beta1) * g; - p = p - lr * sign(u); - param[global_idx] = half(p); - - // Update momentum for next step - m = beta2 * m + (1.0f - beta2) * g; - new_m_max = max(new_m_max, abs(m)); - - // Store m temporarily (will requantize after reduction) - // We use a float reinterpret trick - store as int bits - // Actually, we need a second pass. Store m in shared or recompute. - } - - // SIMD reduction for new_m_max - new_m_max = simd_max(new_m_max); - threadgroup float shared[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) shared[simd_group] = new_m_max; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (tid == 0) { - float mx = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) mx = max(mx, shared[i]); - exp_avg_absmax[block_idx] = max(mx, 1e-8f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - // Phase 2: Requantize - float final_m_max = exp_avg_absmax[block_idx]; - for (uint i = tid; i < block_len; i += 256) { - uint global_idx = block_start + i; - float g = float(grad[global_idx]); - float m = float(exp_avg_int8[global_idx]) * (m_absmax / 127.0f); - m = beta2 * m + (1.0f - beta2) * g; - exp_avg_int8[global_idx] = char(clamp(round(m / final_m_max * 127.0f), -127.0f, 127.0f)); - } -} - -kernel void sgd8bit_step( - device half* param [[buffer(0)]], - device const half* grad [[buffer(1)]], - device char* momentum_int8 [[buffer(2)]], - device float* momentum_absmax [[buffer(3)]], - constant float& lr [[buffer(4)]], - constant float& momentum_val [[buffer(5)]], - constant float& dampening [[buffer(6)]], - constant float& weight_decay [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& nesterov [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(9)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(10)]], - uint tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint block_idx = tgid; - uint block_start = block_idx * block_size; - if (block_start >= N) return; - uint block_end = min(block_start + block_size, N); - uint block_len = block_end - block_start; - - float buf_absmax = momentum_absmax[block_idx]; - float new_buf_max = 0.0f; - - for (uint i = tid; i < block_len; i += 256) { - uint global_idx = block_start + i; - - float p = float(param[global_idx]); - float g = float(grad[global_idx]); - - // Weight decay (L2) - g = g + weight_decay * p; - - // Dequantize momentum buffer - float buf = float(momentum_int8[global_idx]) * (buf_absmax / 127.0f); - - // Update momentum buffer - buf = momentum_val * buf + (1.0f - dampening) * g; - new_buf_max = max(new_buf_max, abs(buf)); - - // Apply update - float update; - if (nesterov != 0) { - update = g + momentum_val * buf; - } else { - update = buf; - } - p = p - lr * update; - param[global_idx] = half(p); - } - - // SIMD reduction - new_buf_max = simd_max(new_buf_max); - threadgroup float shared[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) shared[simd_group] = new_buf_max; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (tid == 0) { - float mx = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) mx = max(mx, shared[i]); - momentum_absmax[block_idx] = max(mx, 1e-8f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - // Phase 2: Requantize - float final_buf_max = momentum_absmax[block_idx]; - for (uint i = tid; i < block_len; i += 256) { - uint global_idx = block_start + i; - float p = float(param[global_idx]); - float g = float(grad[global_idx]); - g = g + weight_decay * p; - float buf = float(momentum_int8[global_idx]) * (buf_absmax / 127.0f); - buf = momentum_val * buf + (1.0f - dampening) * g; - momentum_int8[global_idx] = char(clamp(round(buf / final_buf_max * 127.0f), -127.0f, 127.0f)); - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Sparse MatMul Kernels (CSR format) -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void spmm_csr( - device const uint* row_ptr [[buffer(0)]], - device const uint* col_indices [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* values [[buffer(2)]], - device const half* dense [[buffer(3)]], - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint col = gid.x; - uint row = gid.y; - if (row >= M || col >= N) return; - - uint start = row_ptr[row]; - uint end = row_ptr[row + 1]; - - float acc = 0.0f; - for (uint i = start; i < end; i++) { - uint k = col_indices[i]; - acc += values[i] * float(dense[k * N + col]); - } - output[row * N + col] = half(acc); -} - -kernel void spmm_csr_int8( - device const uint* row_ptr [[buffer(0)]], - device const uint* col_indices [[buffer(1)]], - device const char* values_int8 [[buffer(2)]], - device const float& values_scale [[buffer(3)]], - device const half* dense [[buffer(4)]], - device half* output [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(8)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint col = gid.x; - uint row = gid.y; - if (row >= M || col >= N) return; - - uint start = row_ptr[row]; - uint end = row_ptr[row + 1]; - - float acc = 0.0f; - for (uint i = start; i < end; i++) { - uint k = col_indices[i]; - float val = float(values_int8[i]) * values_scale; - acc += val * float(dense[k * N + col]); - } - output[row * N + col] = half(acc); -} - -kernel void double_quant_absmax( - device const float* absmax [[buffer(0)]], - device uchar* absmax_quant [[buffer(1)]], - device float* absmax_scales [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& num_rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& blocks_per_row [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& double_quant_block [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint row = tgid.y; - if (row >= num_rows) return; - - uint thread_id = tid.x; - uint total_blocks = blocks_per_row; - uint dq_blocks = (total_blocks + double_quant_block - 1) / double_quant_block; - - device const float* row_absmax = absmax + row * blocks_per_row; - device uchar* row_quant = absmax_quant + row * blocks_per_row; - device float* row_scales = absmax_scales + row * dq_blocks; - - for (uint dqb = 0; dqb < dq_blocks; dqb++) { - uint start = dqb * double_quant_block; - uint end = min(start + double_quant_block, total_blocks); - uint len = end - start; - - float local_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < len; i += 256) { - local_max = max(local_max, abs(row_absmax[start + i])); - } - local_max = simd_max(local_max); - - threadgroup float shared[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) shared[simd_group] = local_max; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (thread_id == 0) { - float m = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) m = max(m, shared[i]); - row_scales[dqb] = max(m / 127.0f, 1e-12f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - float scale = row_scales[dqb]; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < len; i += 256) { - float val = row_absmax[start + i] / scale; - row_quant[start + i] = uchar(clamp(round(val), 0.0f, 255.0f)); - } - } -} -)"; - -// ============================================================================= -// Initialize Metal Library (Thread-Safe) -// ============================================================================= - -static std::atomic g_library_initialized{false}; -static std::mutex g_library_mutex; -static std::mutex g_pipeline_mutex; - -static void init_library() { - // Fast path: already initialized - if (g_library_initialized.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) { - return; - } - - // Slow path: acquire lock and initialize - std::lock_guard lock(g_library_mutex); - - // Double-check after acquiring lock - if (g_library_initialized.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) { - return; - } - - ensure_device(); - - @autoreleasepool { - NSError* error = nil; - MTLCompileOptions* options = [[MTLCompileOptions alloc] init]; - // options.mathMode = MTLMathModeFast; - - NSString* source = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:KERNELS_SOURCE]; - g_library = [g_device newLibraryWithSource:source options:options error:&error]; - - if (!g_library) { - throw std::runtime_error("Failed to compile Metal library: " + - std::string([[error localizedDescription] UTF8String])); - } - } - - g_library_initialized.store(true, std::memory_order_release); -} - -static id get_pipeline(const std::string& name) { - init_library(); - - // Check cache with lock (pipelines map is not thread-safe) - { - std::lock_guard lock(g_pipeline_mutex); - auto it = g_pipelines.find(name); - if (it != g_pipelines.end()) { - return it->second; - } - } - - // Create pipeline (can be done outside lock) - id pipeline = nil; - @autoreleasepool { - NSError* error = nil; - id fn = [g_library newFunctionWithName: - [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name.c_str()]]; - if (!fn) { - throw std::runtime_error("Function not found: " + name); - } - - pipeline = [g_device newComputePipelineStateWithFunction:fn error:&error]; - if (!pipeline) { - throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create pipeline: " + name); - } - } - - // Store in cache with lock - { - std::lock_guard lock(g_pipeline_mutex); - // Another thread may have added it, but that's OK - overwrite is safe - g_pipelines[name] = pipeline; - } - - return pipeline; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// INT8 Operations -// ============================================================================= - -at::Tensor matmul_int8_mps( - const at::Tensor& A, - const at::Tensor& B, - const at::Tensor& A_scales, - const at::Tensor& B_scales, - at::ScalarType out_dtype -) { - TORCH_CHECK(A.device().is_mps() && B.device().is_mps(), "Inputs must be on MPS"); - TORCH_CHECK(A.dtype() == at::kChar && B.dtype() == at::kChar, "Inputs must be int8"); - - const int64_t M = A.size(0), K = A.size(1), N = B.size(1); - TORCH_CHECK(B.size(0) == K, "Dimension mismatch"); - - auto A_s = A_scales.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - auto B_s = B_scales.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - auto A_c = A.contiguous(); - auto B_c = B.contiguous(); - // Kernels always output fp16, we convert to requested dtype at the end - auto output_fp16 = at::empty({M, N}, A.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("int8_matmul_dequant"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(A_c) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(B_c) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output_fp16) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(A_s) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(B_s) offset:0 atIndex:4]; - - uint32_t dims[3] = {(uint32_t)M, (uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)K}; - [encoder setBytes:&dims[0] length:4 atIndex:5]; - [encoder setBytes:&dims[1] length:4 atIndex:6]; - [encoder setBytes:&dims[2] length:4 atIndex:7]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake((N + 15) / 16 * 16, (M + 15) / 16 * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - // Convert to requested output dtype - return (out_dtype == at::kHalf) ? output_fp16 : output_fp16.to(out_dtype); -} - -// INT8 linear layer: half input @ int8 weight (with row-wise scales) -at::Tensor linear_int8_mps(const at::Tensor& input, const at::Tensor& weight, - const at::Tensor& weight_scales, const std::optional& bias, - at::ScalarType dtype) { - bool is_1d = input.dim() == 1; - auto input_2d = is_1d ? input.unsqueeze(0) : input; - - const int64_t M = input_2d.size(0), K = input_2d.size(1), N = weight.size(0); - TORCH_CHECK(weight.size(1) == K, "Weight K mismatch"); - - auto input_c = input_2d.to(at::kHalf).contiguous(); - auto weight_c = weight.contiguous(); - auto scales_c = weight_scales.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - bool has_bias = bias.has_value(); - auto bias_c = has_bias ? bias.value().to(at::kHalf).contiguous() : at::empty({1}, input.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - // Kernels always output fp16, we convert to requested dtype at the end - auto output_fp16 = at::empty({M, N}, input.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - - // Use SIMD kernel for small batches (M <= 128) - bool use_simd = (M <= 128 && N >= 8 && K >= 8); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline(use_simd ? "int8_matmul_simd" : "int8_matmul_dequant"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(input_c) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(weight_c) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(scales_c) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(bias_c) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output_fp16) offset:0 atIndex:4]; - - uint32_t params[4] = {(uint32_t)M, (uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)K, has_bias ? 1u : 0u}; - for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms[i] length:4 atIndex:5 + i]; - - if (use_simd) { - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(32, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake((N + 7) / 8, (M + 7) / 8, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } else { - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake((N + 15) / 16 * 16, (M + 15) / 16 * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - } - - // Convert to requested output dtype - auto output = (dtype == at::kHalf) ? output_fp16 : output_fp16.to(dtype); - return is_1d ? output.squeeze(0) : output; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// NF4 Operations -// ============================================================================= - -std::tuple quantize_nf4_mps(const at::Tensor& input, int64_t block_size) { - TORCH_CHECK(input.device().is_mps(), "Input must be on MPS"); - TORCH_CHECK(input.dim() == 2, "Input must be 2D"); - TORCH_CHECK(input.size(1) % 2 == 0, "Cols must be even"); - - const int64_t rows = input.size(0), cols = input.size(1); - const int64_t num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - auto input_f32 = input.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - auto packed = at::empty({rows, cols / 2}, input.options().dtype(at::kByte)); - auto absmax = at::empty({rows, num_blocks}, input.options().dtype(at::kFloat)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("nf4_quantize"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(input_f32) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(packed) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - - uint32_t params[3] = {(uint32_t)rows, (uint32_t)cols, (uint32_t)block_size}; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[0] length:4 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[1] length:4 atIndex:4]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[2] length:4 atIndex:5]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake(256, rows, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return std::make_tuple(packed, absmax); -} - -at::Tensor dequantize_nf4_mps(const at::Tensor& packed, const at::Tensor& absmax, int64_t block_size, at::ScalarType dtype) { - TORCH_CHECK(packed.device().is_mps() && absmax.device().is_mps(), "Inputs must be on MPS"); - - const int64_t rows = packed.size(0), cols = packed.size(1) * 2; - auto output = at::empty({rows, cols}, packed.options().dtype(dtype)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("nf4_dequantize"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(packed) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous()) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - - uint32_t params[3] = {(uint32_t)rows, (uint32_t)cols, (uint32_t)block_size}; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[0] length:4 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[1] length:4 atIndex:4]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[2] length:4 atIndex:5]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake((cols + 15) / 16 * 16, (rows + 15) / 16 * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return output; -} - -at::Tensor matmul_nf4_mps(const at::Tensor& input, const at::Tensor& weight_packed, - const at::Tensor& weight_absmax, const std::optional& bias, - int64_t block_size, at::ScalarType dtype) { - TORCH_CHECK(input.device().is_mps(), "Input must be on MPS"); - - bool is_1d = input.dim() == 1; - auto input_2d = is_1d ? input.unsqueeze(0) : input; - - const int64_t M = input_2d.size(0), K = input_2d.size(1), N = weight_packed.size(0); - // K_weight is the padded K dimension used for weight storage - const int64_t K_weight = weight_packed.size(1) * 2; - - auto input_c = input_2d.to(at::kHalf).contiguous(); - auto weight_c = weight_packed.contiguous(); - auto absmax_c = weight_absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - bool has_bias = bias.has_value(); - auto bias_c = has_bias ? bias.value().to(at::kHalf).contiguous() : at::empty({1}, input.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - // Kernels always output fp16, we convert to requested dtype at the end - auto output_fp16 = at::empty({M, N}, input.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - - // Choose kernel based on matrix size: - // - simd: M <= 128, N >= 8, K >= 8 (8x8 tiles, 1 simdgroup - up to 15x faster) - // - large: 128 < M <= 512, N >= 64, K >= 32 (64x64 tiles, 8 simdgroups - 1.1-1.9x faster) - // - For M > 512: fall back to dequant+matmul (PyTorch's GEMM is faster) - // - tiled: fallback for edge cases - // - simple: fallback for very small matrices - bool use_simd = (M <= 128 && N >= 8 && K >= 8); - bool use_large = (M > 128 && M <= 512 && N >= 64 && K >= 32); - bool use_tiled = !use_simd && !use_large && (M >= 32 && N >= 32 && K >= 64); - - const char* kernel_name = use_simd ? "nf4_matmul_simd" : - use_large ? "nf4_matmul_large" : - use_tiled ? "nf4_matmul_fused" : "nf4_linear_simple"; - auto pipeline = get_pipeline(kernel_name); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(input_c) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(weight_c) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax_c) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(bias_c) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output_fp16) offset:0 atIndex:4]; - - uint32_t params[6] = {(uint32_t)M, (uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)K, (uint32_t)K_weight, (uint32_t)block_size, has_bias ? 1u : 0u}; - for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms[i] length:4 atIndex:5 + i]; - - if (use_simd) { - // SIMD kernel: 32 threads (1 simdgroup) per threadgroup - // Each threadgroup handles 8x8 output - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(32, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake((N + 7) / 8, (M + 7) / 8, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } else if (use_large) { - // Large kernel: 256 threads (8 simdgroups) per threadgroup - // Each threadgroup handles 64x64 output - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake((N + 63) / 64, (M + 63) / 64, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } else if (use_tiled) { - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(8, 8, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake((N + 31) / 32, (M + 31) / 32, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } else { - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake((N + 15) / 16 * 16, (M + 15) / 16 * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - } - - // Convert to requested output dtype - auto output = (dtype == at::kHalf) ? output_fp16 : output_fp16.to(dtype); - return is_1d ? output.squeeze(0) : output; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP4 Operations -// ============================================================================= - -std::tuple quantize_fp4_mps(const at::Tensor& input, int64_t block_size) { - TORCH_CHECK(input.device().is_mps(), "Input must be on MPS"); - TORCH_CHECK(input.dim() == 2 && input.size(1) % 2 == 0, "Invalid input shape"); - - const int64_t rows = input.size(0), cols = input.size(1); - const int64_t num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - auto input_f32 = input.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - auto packed = at::empty({rows, cols / 2}, input.options().dtype(at::kByte)); - auto absmax = at::empty({rows, num_blocks}, input.options().dtype(at::kFloat)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("fp4_quantize"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(input_f32) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(packed) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - - uint32_t params[3] = {(uint32_t)rows, (uint32_t)cols, (uint32_t)block_size}; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[0] length:4 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[1] length:4 atIndex:4]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[2] length:4 atIndex:5]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake(256, rows, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return std::make_tuple(packed, absmax); -} - -at::Tensor dequantize_fp4_mps(const at::Tensor& packed, const at::Tensor& absmax, int64_t block_size, at::ScalarType dtype) { - const int64_t rows = packed.size(0), cols = packed.size(1) * 2; - auto output = at::empty({rows, cols}, packed.options().dtype(dtype)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("fp4_dequantize"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(packed) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous()) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - - uint32_t params[3] = {(uint32_t)rows, (uint32_t)cols, (uint32_t)block_size}; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[0] length:4 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[1] length:4 atIndex:4]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[2] length:4 atIndex:5]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake((cols + 15) / 16 * 16, (rows + 15) / 16 * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return output; -} - -at::Tensor matmul_fp4_mps(const at::Tensor& input, const at::Tensor& weight_packed, - const at::Tensor& weight_absmax, const std::optional& bias, - int64_t block_size, at::ScalarType dtype) { - bool is_1d = input.dim() == 1; - auto input_2d = is_1d ? input.unsqueeze(0) : input; - - const int64_t M = input_2d.size(0), K = input_2d.size(1), N = weight_packed.size(0); - // K_weight is the padded K dimension used for weight storage - const int64_t K_weight = weight_packed.size(1) * 2; - - auto input_c = input_2d.to(at::kHalf).contiguous(); - auto weight_c = weight_packed.contiguous(); - auto absmax_c = weight_absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - bool has_bias = bias.has_value(); - auto bias_c = has_bias ? bias.value().to(at::kHalf).contiguous() : at::empty({1}, input.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - // Kernels always output fp16, we convert to requested dtype at the end - auto output_fp16 = at::empty({M, N}, input.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - - // Use SIMD kernel for small batches (M <= 128), fallback to simple for larger - bool use_simd = (M <= 128 && N >= 8 && K >= 8); - const char* kernel_name = use_simd ? "fp4_matmul_simd" : "fp4_linear_simple"; - auto pipeline = get_pipeline(kernel_name); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(input_c) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(weight_c) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax_c) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(bias_c) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output_fp16) offset:0 atIndex:4]; - - uint32_t params[6] = {(uint32_t)M, (uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)K, (uint32_t)K_weight, (uint32_t)block_size, has_bias ? 1u : 0u}; - for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms[i] length:4 atIndex:5 + i]; - - if (use_simd) { - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(32, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake((N + 7) / 8, (M + 7) / 8, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } else { - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake((N + 15) / 16 * 16, (M + 15) / 16 * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - } - - // Convert to requested output dtype - auto output = (dtype == at::kHalf) ? output_fp16 : output_fp16.to(dtype); - return is_1d ? output.squeeze(0) : output; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 Operations -// ============================================================================= - -std::tuple quantize_fp8_e4m3_mps(const at::Tensor& input) { - TORCH_CHECK(input.device().is_mps(), "Input must be on MPS"); - TORCH_CHECK(input.dim() == 2, "Input must be 2D"); - - const int64_t rows = input.size(0), cols = input.size(1); - - auto input_f32 = input.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - auto output = at::empty({rows, cols}, input.options().dtype(at::kByte)); - auto scales = at::empty({rows}, input.options().dtype(at::kFloat)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("fp8_e4m3_quantize"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(input_f32) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(scales) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - - uint32_t params[2] = {(uint32_t)rows, (uint32_t)cols}; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[0] length:4 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[1] length:4 atIndex:4]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake(256, rows, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return std::make_tuple(output, scales); -} - -at::Tensor dequantize_fp8_e4m3_mps(const at::Tensor& input, const at::Tensor& scales, at::ScalarType dtype) { - const int64_t rows = input.size(0), cols = input.size(1); - auto output = at::empty({rows, cols}, input.options().dtype(dtype)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("fp8_e4m3_dequantize"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(input) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(scales.to(at::kFloat).contiguous()) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - - uint32_t params[2] = {(uint32_t)rows, (uint32_t)cols}; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[0] length:4 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[1] length:4 atIndex:4]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake((cols + 15) / 16 * 16, (rows + 15) / 16 * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return output; -} - -at::Tensor matmul_fp8_e4m3_mps(const at::Tensor& input, const at::Tensor& weight, - const at::Tensor& weight_scales, const std::optional& bias, - at::ScalarType dtype) { - bool is_1d = input.dim() == 1; - auto input_2d = is_1d ? input.unsqueeze(0) : input; - - const int64_t M = input_2d.size(0), K = input_2d.size(1), N = weight.size(0); - - auto input_c = input_2d.to(at::kHalf).contiguous(); - auto weight_c = weight.contiguous(); - auto scales_c = weight_scales.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - bool has_bias = bias.has_value(); - auto bias_c = has_bias ? bias.value().to(at::kHalf).contiguous() : at::empty({1}, input.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - // Kernels always output fp16, we convert to requested dtype at the end - auto output_fp16 = at::empty({M, N}, input.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - - // Use SIMD kernel for small batches (M <= 128), fallback to simple for larger - bool use_simd = (M <= 128 && N >= 8 && K >= 8); - const char* kernel_name = use_simd ? "fp8_matmul_simd" : "fp8_e4m3_linear"; - auto pipeline = get_pipeline(kernel_name); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(input_c) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(weight_c) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(scales_c) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(bias_c) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output_fp16) offset:0 atIndex:4]; - - uint32_t params[4] = {(uint32_t)M, (uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)K, has_bias ? 1u : 0u}; - for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms[i] length:4 atIndex:5 + i]; - - if (use_simd) { - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(32, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake((N + 7) / 8, (M + 7) / 8, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } else { - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake((N + 15) / 16 * 16, (M + 15) / 16 * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - } - - // Convert to requested output dtype - auto output = (dtype == at::kHalf) ? output_fp16 : output_fp16.to(dtype); - return is_1d ? output.squeeze(0) : output; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Double Quantization -// ============================================================================= - -std::tuple double_quant_mps(const at::Tensor& absmax, int64_t double_quant_block) { - TORCH_CHECK(absmax.device().is_mps(), "Input must be on MPS"); - TORCH_CHECK(absmax.dim() == 2, "Input must be 2D"); - - const int64_t rows = absmax.size(0), blocks_per_row = absmax.size(1); - const int64_t dq_blocks = (blocks_per_row + double_quant_block - 1) / double_quant_block; - - auto absmax_f32 = absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - auto absmax_quant = at::empty({rows, blocks_per_row}, absmax.options().dtype(at::kByte)); - auto absmax_scales = at::empty({rows, dq_blocks}, absmax.options().dtype(at::kFloat)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("double_quant_absmax"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax_f32) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax_quant) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax_scales) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - - uint32_t params[3] = {(uint32_t)rows, (uint32_t)blocks_per_row, (uint32_t)double_quant_block}; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[0] length:4 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[1] length:4 atIndex:4]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[2] length:4 atIndex:5]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake(256, rows, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return std::make_tuple(absmax_quant, absmax_scales); -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Embedding Operations -// ============================================================================= - -at::Tensor embedding_4bit_nf4_mps( - const at::Tensor& indices, - const at::Tensor& weight_packed, - const at::Tensor& absmax, - int64_t embedding_dim, - int64_t block_size -) { - TORCH_CHECK(indices.device().is_mps(), "indices must be on MPS"); - TORCH_CHECK(weight_packed.device().is_mps(), "weight must be on MPS"); - - auto indices_c = indices.to(at::kInt).contiguous(); - auto weight_c = weight_packed.contiguous(); - auto absmax_c = absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - int64_t num_indices = indices_c.numel(); - int64_t num_blocks = (embedding_dim + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - auto output = at::empty({num_indices, embedding_dim}, weight_packed.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("embedding_4bit_nf4"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(indices_c) offset:indices_c.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(weight_c) offset:weight_c.storage_offset() atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax_c) offset:absmax_c.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - - uint32_t params[4] = {(uint32_t)num_indices, (uint32_t)embedding_dim, (uint32_t)block_size, (uint32_t)num_blocks}; - for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms[i] length:4 atIndex:4 + i]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake(1, num_indices, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return output; -} - -at::Tensor embedding_4bit_fp4_mps( - const at::Tensor& indices, - const at::Tensor& weight_packed, - const at::Tensor& absmax, - int64_t embedding_dim, - int64_t block_size -) { - TORCH_CHECK(indices.device().is_mps(), "indices must be on MPS"); - - auto indices_c = indices.to(at::kInt).contiguous(); - auto weight_c = weight_packed.contiguous(); - auto absmax_c = absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - int64_t num_indices = indices_c.numel(); - int64_t num_blocks = (embedding_dim + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - auto output = at::empty({num_indices, embedding_dim}, weight_packed.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("embedding_4bit_fp4"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(indices_c) offset:indices_c.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(weight_c) offset:weight_c.storage_offset() atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax_c) offset:absmax_c.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - - uint32_t params[4] = {(uint32_t)num_indices, (uint32_t)embedding_dim, (uint32_t)block_size, (uint32_t)num_blocks}; - for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms[i] length:4 atIndex:4 + i]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake(1, num_indices, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return output; -} - -at::Tensor embedding_8bit_mps( - const at::Tensor& indices, - const at::Tensor& weight_int8, - const at::Tensor& weight_scales -) { - TORCH_CHECK(indices.device().is_mps(), "indices must be on MPS"); - - auto indices_c = indices.to(at::kInt).contiguous(); - auto weight_c = weight_int8.contiguous(); - auto scales_c = weight_scales.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - int64_t num_indices = indices_c.numel(); - int64_t embedding_dim = weight_int8.size(1); - - auto output = at::empty({num_indices, embedding_dim}, weight_int8.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("embedding_8bit"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(indices_c) offset:indices_c.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(weight_c) offset:weight_c.storage_offset() atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(scales_c) offset:scales_c.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - - uint32_t params[2] = {(uint32_t)num_indices, (uint32_t)embedding_dim}; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[0] length:4 atIndex:4]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[1] length:4 atIndex:5]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake(((embedding_dim + 15) / 16) * 16, ((num_indices + 15) / 16) * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return output; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// 8-bit Optimizer Operations -// ============================================================================= - -void adam8bit_step_mps( - at::Tensor& param, - const at::Tensor& grad, - at::Tensor& exp_avg_int8, - at::Tensor& exp_avg_absmax, - at::Tensor& exp_avg_sq_u8, - at::Tensor& exp_avg_sq_max, - double beta1, double beta2, double eps, double lr, - double weight_decay, int64_t step, int64_t block_size, - bool is_adamw -) { - TORCH_CHECK(param.device().is_mps(), "param must be on MPS"); - - auto param_c = param.contiguous(); - auto grad_c = grad.to(at::kHalf).contiguous(); - auto ea_int8 = exp_avg_int8.contiguous(); - auto ea_absmax = exp_avg_absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - auto ea_sq_u8 = exp_avg_sq_u8.contiguous(); - auto ea_sq_max = exp_avg_sq_max.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - int64_t N = param_c.numel(); - int64_t num_blocks = (N + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("adam8bit_step"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(param_c) offset:param_c.storage_offset()*2 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(grad_c) offset:grad_c.storage_offset()*2 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(ea_int8) offset:ea_int8.storage_offset() atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(ea_absmax) offset:ea_absmax.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(ea_sq_u8) offset:ea_sq_u8.storage_offset() atIndex:4]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(ea_sq_max) offset:ea_sq_max.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:5]; - - float params_f[5] = {(float)beta1, (float)beta2, (float)eps, (float)lr, (float)weight_decay}; - for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms_f[i] length:4 atIndex:6 + i]; - - uint32_t params_u[4] = {(uint32_t)step, (uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)block_size, is_adamw ? 1u : 0u}; - for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms_u[i] length:4 atIndex:11 + i]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake(num_blocks, 1, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - // Copy results back if param was not contiguous - if (!param.is_contiguous()) { - param.copy_(param_c); - } - exp_avg_int8.copy_(ea_int8); - exp_avg_absmax.copy_(ea_absmax); - exp_avg_sq_u8.copy_(ea_sq_u8); - exp_avg_sq_max.copy_(ea_sq_max); -} - -void lion8bit_step_mps( - at::Tensor& param, - const at::Tensor& grad, - at::Tensor& exp_avg_int8, - at::Tensor& exp_avg_absmax, - double beta1, double beta2, double lr, - double weight_decay, int64_t block_size -) { - TORCH_CHECK(param.device().is_mps(), "param must be on MPS"); - - auto param_c = param.contiguous(); - auto grad_c = grad.to(at::kHalf).contiguous(); - auto ea_int8 = exp_avg_int8.contiguous(); - auto ea_absmax = exp_avg_absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - int64_t N = param_c.numel(); - int64_t num_blocks = (N + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("lion8bit_step"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(param_c) offset:param_c.storage_offset()*2 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(grad_c) offset:grad_c.storage_offset()*2 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(ea_int8) offset:ea_int8.storage_offset() atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(ea_absmax) offset:ea_absmax.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:3]; - - float params_f[4] = {(float)beta1, (float)beta2, (float)lr, (float)weight_decay}; - for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms_f[i] length:4 atIndex:4 + i]; - - uint32_t params_u[2] = {(uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)block_size}; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms_u[0] length:4 atIndex:8]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms_u[1] length:4 atIndex:9]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake(num_blocks, 1, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - if (!param.is_contiguous()) param.copy_(param_c); - exp_avg_int8.copy_(ea_int8); - exp_avg_absmax.copy_(ea_absmax); -} - -void sgd8bit_step_mps( - at::Tensor& param, - const at::Tensor& grad, - at::Tensor& momentum_int8, - at::Tensor& momentum_absmax, - double lr, double momentum, double dampening, - double weight_decay, bool nesterov, int64_t block_size -) { - TORCH_CHECK(param.device().is_mps(), "param must be on MPS"); - - auto param_c = param.contiguous(); - auto grad_c = grad.to(at::kHalf).contiguous(); - auto m_int8 = momentum_int8.contiguous(); - auto m_absmax = momentum_absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - int64_t N = param_c.numel(); - int64_t num_blocks = (N + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("sgd8bit_step"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(param_c) offset:param_c.storage_offset()*2 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(grad_c) offset:grad_c.storage_offset()*2 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(m_int8) offset:m_int8.storage_offset() atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(m_absmax) offset:m_absmax.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:3]; - - float params_f[4] = {(float)lr, (float)momentum, (float)dampening, (float)weight_decay}; - for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms_f[i] length:4 atIndex:4 + i]; - - uint32_t params_u[3] = {nesterov ? 1u : 0u, (uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)block_size}; - for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms_u[i] length:4 atIndex:8 + i]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake(num_blocks, 1, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - if (!param.is_contiguous()) param.copy_(param_c); - momentum_int8.copy_(m_int8); - momentum_absmax.copy_(m_absmax); -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Sparse MatMul Operations -// ============================================================================= - -at::Tensor spmm_coo_mps( - const at::Tensor& row_indices, - const at::Tensor& col_indices, - const at::Tensor& values, - const at::Tensor& dense, - int64_t sparse_rows, - int64_t sparse_cols -) { - TORCH_CHECK(dense.device().is_mps(), "dense must be on MPS"); - - int64_t M = sparse_rows; - int64_t N = dense.size(1); - int64_t K = sparse_cols; - int64_t nnz = values.numel(); - - auto values_c = values.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - auto dense_c = dense.to(at::kHalf).contiguous(); - - // Convert COO to CSR on CPU (cheap) - auto row_idx_cpu = row_indices.to(at::kLong).cpu(); - auto col_idx_cpu = col_indices.to(at::kInt).cpu(); - - // Sort by row - auto sort_indices = row_idx_cpu.argsort(); - auto sorted_rows = row_idx_cpu.index_select(0, sort_indices); - auto sorted_cols = col_idx_cpu.index_select(0, sort_indices); - auto sorted_vals_cpu = values_c.cpu().index_select(0, sort_indices.to(values_c.device())); - - // Build row_ptr - auto row_ptr_cpu = at::zeros({M + 1}, at::kInt); - auto row_ptr_acc = row_ptr_cpu.accessor(); - auto sorted_rows_acc = sorted_rows.accessor(); - for (int64_t i = 0; i < nnz; i++) { - row_ptr_acc[sorted_rows_acc[i] + 1]++; - } - for (int64_t i = 1; i <= M; i++) { - row_ptr_acc[i] += row_ptr_acc[i - 1]; - } - - // Move to MPS - auto row_ptr_mps = row_ptr_cpu.to(at::kInt).to(dense.device()); - auto col_idx_mps = sorted_cols.to(at::kInt).to(dense.device()); - auto vals_mps = sorted_vals_cpu.to(at::kFloat).to(dense.device()); - - auto output = at::zeros({M, N}, dense.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("spmm_csr"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(row_ptr_mps) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(col_idx_mps) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(vals_mps) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(dense_c) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output) offset:0 atIndex:4]; - - uint32_t params[3] = {(uint32_t)M, (uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)K}; - for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms[i] length:4 atIndex:5 + i]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake(((N + 15) / 16) * 16, ((M + 15) / 16) * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return output; -} - -at::Tensor spmm_coo_int8_mps( - const at::Tensor& row_indices, - const at::Tensor& col_indices, - const at::Tensor& values_int8, - const at::Tensor& values_scale, - const at::Tensor& dense, - int64_t sparse_rows, - int64_t sparse_cols -) { - TORCH_CHECK(dense.device().is_mps(), "dense must be on MPS"); - - int64_t M = sparse_rows; - int64_t N = dense.size(1); - int64_t K = sparse_cols; - int64_t nnz = values_int8.numel(); - - auto dense_c = dense.to(at::kHalf).contiguous(); - auto scale_c = values_scale.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - // Convert COO to CSR on CPU - auto row_idx_cpu = row_indices.to(at::kLong).cpu(); - auto col_idx_cpu = col_indices.to(at::kInt).cpu(); - - auto sort_indices = row_idx_cpu.argsort(); - auto sorted_rows = row_idx_cpu.index_select(0, sort_indices); - auto sorted_cols = col_idx_cpu.index_select(0, sort_indices); - auto sorted_vals_cpu = values_int8.cpu().index_select(0, sort_indices.to(values_int8.device())); - - auto row_ptr_cpu = at::zeros({M + 1}, at::kInt); - auto row_ptr_acc = row_ptr_cpu.accessor(); - auto sorted_rows_acc = sorted_rows.accessor(); - for (int64_t i = 0; i < nnz; i++) { - row_ptr_acc[sorted_rows_acc[i] + 1]++; - } - for (int64_t i = 1; i <= M; i++) { - row_ptr_acc[i] += row_ptr_acc[i - 1]; - } - - auto row_ptr_mps = row_ptr_cpu.to(at::kInt).to(dense.device()); - auto col_idx_mps = sorted_cols.to(at::kInt).to(dense.device()); - auto vals_mps = sorted_vals_cpu.to(at::kChar).to(dense.device()); - - auto output = at::zeros({M, N}, dense.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("spmm_csr_int8"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(row_ptr_mps) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(col_idx_mps) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(vals_mps) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(scale_c) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(dense_c) offset:0 atIndex:4]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output) offset:0 atIndex:5]; - - uint32_t params[3] = {(uint32_t)M, (uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)K}; - for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms[i] length:4 atIndex:6 + i]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake(((N + 15) / 16) * 16, ((M + 15) / 16) * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return output; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Python Bindings -// ============================================================================= - -PYBIND11_MODULE(_C, m) { - m.doc() = "MPS BitsAndBytes - INT8, NF4, FP4, FP8 quantization for Apple Silicon"; - - // INT8 - m.def("matmul_int8", &matmul_int8_mps, "INT8 matmul", - py::arg("A"), py::arg("B"), py::arg("A_scales"), py::arg("B_scales"), - py::arg("out_dtype") = at::kHalf); - m.def("linear_int8", &linear_int8_mps, "INT8 linear layer (half input, int8 weight)", - py::arg("input"), py::arg("weight"), py::arg("weight_scales"), - py::arg("bias") = py::none(), py::arg("out_dtype") = at::kHalf); - - // NF4 - m.def("quantize_nf4", &quantize_nf4_mps, py::arg("input"), py::arg("block_size") = 64); - m.def("dequantize_nf4", &dequantize_nf4_mps, - py::arg("packed"), py::arg("absmax"), py::arg("block_size") = 64, py::arg("out_dtype") = at::kHalf); - m.def("matmul_nf4", &matmul_nf4_mps, - py::arg("input"), py::arg("weight_packed"), py::arg("weight_absmax"), - py::arg("bias") = py::none(), py::arg("block_size") = 64, py::arg("out_dtype") = at::kHalf); - - // FP4 - m.def("quantize_fp4", &quantize_fp4_mps, py::arg("input"), py::arg("block_size") = 64); - m.def("dequantize_fp4", &dequantize_fp4_mps, - py::arg("packed"), py::arg("absmax"), py::arg("block_size") = 64, py::arg("out_dtype") = at::kHalf); - m.def("matmul_fp4", &matmul_fp4_mps, - py::arg("input"), py::arg("weight_packed"), py::arg("weight_absmax"), - py::arg("bias") = py::none(), py::arg("block_size") = 64, py::arg("out_dtype") = at::kHalf); - - // FP8 - m.def("quantize_fp8_e4m3", &quantize_fp8_e4m3_mps, py::arg("input")); - m.def("dequantize_fp8_e4m3", &dequantize_fp8_e4m3_mps, - py::arg("input"), py::arg("scales"), py::arg("out_dtype") = at::kHalf); - m.def("matmul_fp8_e4m3", &matmul_fp8_e4m3_mps, - py::arg("input"), py::arg("weight"), py::arg("weight_scales"), - py::arg("bias") = py::none(), py::arg("out_dtype") = at::kHalf); - - // Double Quantization - m.def("double_quant", &double_quant_mps, py::arg("absmax"), py::arg("double_quant_block") = 256); - - // Embedding - m.def("embedding_4bit_nf4", &embedding_4bit_nf4_mps, - py::arg("indices"), py::arg("weight_packed"), py::arg("absmax"), - py::arg("embedding_dim"), py::arg("block_size")); - m.def("embedding_4bit_fp4", &embedding_4bit_fp4_mps, - py::arg("indices"), py::arg("weight_packed"), py::arg("absmax"), - py::arg("embedding_dim"), py::arg("block_size")); - m.def("embedding_8bit", &embedding_8bit_mps, - py::arg("indices"), py::arg("weight_int8"), py::arg("weight_scales")); - - // 8-bit Optimizers - m.def("adam8bit_step", &adam8bit_step_mps, - py::arg("param"), py::arg("grad"), - py::arg("exp_avg_int8"), py::arg("exp_avg_absmax"), - py::arg("exp_avg_sq_u8"), py::arg("exp_avg_sq_max"), - py::arg("beta1"), py::arg("beta2"), py::arg("eps"), py::arg("lr"), - py::arg("weight_decay"), py::arg("step"), py::arg("block_size"), - py::arg("is_adamw")); - m.def("lion8bit_step", &lion8bit_step_mps, - py::arg("param"), py::arg("grad"), - py::arg("exp_avg_int8"), py::arg("exp_avg_absmax"), - py::arg("beta1"), py::arg("beta2"), py::arg("lr"), - py::arg("weight_decay"), py::arg("block_size")); - m.def("sgd8bit_step", &sgd8bit_step_mps, - py::arg("param"), py::arg("grad"), - py::arg("momentum_int8"), py::arg("momentum_absmax"), - py::arg("lr"), py::arg("momentum"), py::arg("dampening"), - py::arg("weight_decay"), py::arg("nesterov"), py::arg("block_size")); - - // Sparse MatMul - m.def("spmm_coo", &spmm_coo_mps, - py::arg("row_indices"), py::arg("col_indices"), py::arg("values"), - py::arg("dense"), py::arg("sparse_rows"), py::arg("sparse_cols")); - m.def("spmm_coo_int8", &spmm_coo_int8_mps, - py::arg("row_indices"), py::arg("col_indices"), py::arg("values_int8"), - py::arg("values_scale"), py::arg("dense"), py::arg("sparse_rows"), py::arg("sparse_cols")); -} diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/functional.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/functional.py deleted file mode 100644 index 677b4bc..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/functional.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1216 +0,0 @@ -""" -MPS BitsAndBytes - Functional API - -Core functions for quantizing, dequantizing, and computing with quantized tensors. -API compatible with bitsandbytes for drop-in replacement. - -Supports: INT8, NF4, FP4, FP8 (E4M3), and Double Quantization. -""" - -import torch -from torch import Tensor -from typing import Tuple, Optional -from dataclasses import dataclass -import warnings - -# ============================================================================= -# Codebooks -# ============================================================================= - -# NF4: 16 values optimized for normal distribution -NF4_CODEBOOK = torch.tensor([ - -1.0, -0.6961928009986877, -0.5250730514526367, -0.39491748809814453, - -0.28444138169288635, -0.18477343022823334, -0.09105003625154495, 0.0, - 0.07958029955625534, 0.16093020141124725, 0.24611230194568634, 0.33791524171829224, - 0.44070982933044434, 0.5626170039176941, 0.7229568362236023, 1.0 -], dtype=torch.float32) - -# FP4: Normalized floating point distribution -FP4_CODEBOOK = torch.tensor([ - 0.0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, - -0.0, -0.0625, -0.125, -0.25, -0.375, -0.5, -0.75, -1.0 -], dtype=torch.float32) - - -def create_normal_map(offset=0.9677083, use_extra_value=True): - """Create NF4 codebook (for compatibility with bitsandbytes).""" - return NF4_CODEBOOK.clone() - - -def create_fp4_map(signed=True): - """Create FP4 codebook (for compatibility with bitsandbytes).""" - return FP4_CODEBOOK.clone() - - -# Track fallback occurrences for debugging -_native_fallback_count = 0 -_native_fallback_warned = False - - -def _try_load_native(): - """Try to load native C++ extension.""" - try: - from . import _C - return _C - except ImportError: - return None - - -def _warn_native_fallback(operation: str): - """Warn user when falling back to Python implementation.""" - global _native_fallback_count, _native_fallback_warned - _native_fallback_count += 1 - - # Only warn once per session to avoid spam - if not _native_fallback_warned: - warnings.warn( - f"mps-bitsandbytes: Native kernel unavailable for {operation}, " - f"using Python fallback (10-100x slower). " - f"Build the C++ extension with: pip install -e . --no-build-isolation", - UserWarning, - stacklevel=3 - ) - _native_fallback_warned = True - - -def _check_device(tensor: Tensor, operation: str = "operation"): - """Check if tensor is on a supported device (MPS or CPU).""" - device_type = tensor.device.type - if device_type not in ('mps', 'cpu'): - raise ValueError( - f"mps-bitsandbytes {operation} requires tensor on 'mps' or 'cpu' device, " - f"got '{device_type}'. Move tensor with .to('mps') or .to('cpu')" - ) - - -# ============================================================================= -# QuantState - Matches bitsandbytes API -# ============================================================================= - -@dataclass -class QuantState: - """ - Quantization state for dequantization. - - Matches bitsandbytes QuantState for API compatibility. - - Attributes: - absmax: Absolute maximum values per block - shape: Original tensor shape - code: Quantization codebook (NF4 or FP4) - blocksize: Block size used for quantization - quant_type: 'nf4' or 'fp4' - dtype: Original tensor dtype - offset: Optional offset tensor - state2: Nested QuantState for double quantization - """ - absmax: Tensor - shape: torch.Size - code: Optional[Tensor] = None - blocksize: int = 64 - quant_type: str = "nf4" - dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16 - offset: Optional[Tensor] = None - state2: Optional['QuantState'] = None - - def __post_init__(self): - if self.code is None: - self.code = NF4_CODEBOOK if self.quant_type == "nf4" else FP4_CODEBOOK - - def to(self, device): - """Move state to device.""" - self.absmax = self.absmax.to(device) - if self.code is not None: - self.code = self.code.to(device) - if self.offset is not None: - self.offset = self.offset.to(device) - if self.state2 is not None: - self.state2 = self.state2.to(device) - return self - - def as_dict(self, packed=False): - """Convert to dictionary for serialization.""" - return { - 'absmax': self.absmax, - 'shape': self.shape, - 'blocksize': self.blocksize, - 'quant_type': self.quant_type, - 'dtype': self.dtype, - 'state2': self.state2.as_dict() if self.state2 else None, - } - - @classmethod - def from_dict(cls, state_dict, device='cpu'): - """Create from dictionary.""" - state2 = None - if state_dict.get('state2') is not None: - state2 = cls.from_dict(state_dict['state2'], device) - - return cls( - absmax=state_dict['absmax'].to(device), - shape=state_dict['shape'], - blocksize=state_dict.get('blocksize', 64), - quant_type=state_dict.get('quant_type', 'nf4'), - dtype=state_dict.get('dtype', torch.float16), - state2=state2, - ) - - -# ============================================================================= -# 4-bit Quantization - bitsandbytes compatible API -# ============================================================================= - -def quantize_4bit( - A: Tensor, - absmax: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out: Optional[Tensor] = None, - blocksize: int = 64, - compress_statistics: bool = False, - quant_type: str = "nf4", - quant_storage: torch.dtype = torch.uint8, -) -> Tuple[Tensor, QuantState]: - """ - Quantize tensor to 4-bit NF4 or FP4 format. - - For 2D weight tensors [N, K], quantization is done row-wise: - each row is quantized independently with its own absmax blocks. - This allows efficient fused matmul kernels. - - Args: - A: Input tensor (any shape, will be flattened internally) - absmax: Optional pre-allocated absmax tensor - out: Optional pre-allocated output tensor - blocksize: Elements per quantization block (default: 64) - compress_statistics: If True, apply double quantization to absmax - quant_type: 'nf4' or 'fp4' - quant_storage: dtype for storing quantized values (default: uint8) - - Returns: - Tuple of (quantized tensor, QuantState) - """ - if quant_type not in ("nf4", "fp4"): - raise ValueError(f"quant_type must be 'nf4' or 'fp4', got {quant_type}") - - # Validate device - _check_device(A, "quantize_4bit") - - # Validate blocksize to prevent overflow and ensure reasonable values - if blocksize <= 0: - raise ValueError(f"blocksize must be positive, got {blocksize}") - if blocksize > 65536: - raise ValueError(f"blocksize too large ({blocksize}), max is 65536") - if (blocksize & (blocksize - 1)) != 0: - raise ValueError(f"blocksize must be a power of 2, got {blocksize}") - - # Check tensor size to prevent overflow in padding calculation - max_safe_numel = 2**31 - 1 # Max int32 to avoid overflow - if A.numel() > max_safe_numel: - raise ValueError(f"Tensor too large ({A.numel()} elements), max is {max_safe_numel}") - - orig_shape = A.shape - orig_dtype = A.dtype - A = A.contiguous() - - # For 2D tensors (weight matrices), use row-wise quantization - # This enables efficient fused matmul kernels - if A.dim() == 2: - N, K = A.shape - # Pad K to be divisible by blocksize - K_padded = ((K + blocksize - 1) // blocksize) * blocksize - if K_padded % 2 != 0: - K_padded += blocksize - - A_padded = torch.zeros(N, K_padded, dtype=A.dtype, device=A.device) - A_padded[:, :K] = A - - # Reshape to [N, num_blocks_per_row, blocksize] - num_blocks_per_row = K_padded // blocksize - A_blocked = A_padded.view(N, num_blocks_per_row, blocksize) - - # Compute absmax per block (row-wise) - if absmax is None: - absmax = A_blocked.float().abs().max(dim=2).values.clamp(min=1e-8) - # absmax shape: [N, num_blocks_per_row] - - # Normalize and quantize - codebook = NF4_CODEBOOK if quant_type == "nf4" else FP4_CODEBOOK - codebook = codebook.to(A.device) - - A_norm = A_blocked.float() / absmax.unsqueeze(-1) - - # Find nearest codebook entry - diffs = (A_norm.unsqueeze(-1) - codebook.view(1, 1, 1, -1)).abs() - indices = diffs.argmin(dim=-1).to(torch.uint8) # [N, num_blocks_per_row, blocksize] - - # Pack two 4-bit values per byte - indices_flat = indices.view(N, -1) # [N, K_padded] - packed_K = K_padded // 2 - if out is None: - out = torch.zeros(N, packed_K, dtype=quant_storage, device=A.device) - - out[:] = (indices_flat[:, 0::2] | (indices_flat[:, 1::2] << 4)).to(quant_storage) - out = out.flatten() - - # Flatten absmax for storage - absmax = absmax.flatten() - - else: - # For non-2D tensors, use flat quantization (original behavior) - numel = A.numel() - padded_numel = ((numel + blocksize - 1) // blocksize) * blocksize - if padded_numel % 2 != 0: - padded_numel += blocksize - - A_flat = torch.zeros(padded_numel, dtype=A.dtype, device=A.device) - A_flat[:numel] = A.flatten() - - num_blocks = padded_numel // blocksize - A_blocked = A_flat.view(num_blocks, blocksize) - - if absmax is None: - absmax = A_blocked.float().abs().max(dim=1).values.clamp(min=1e-8) - - codebook = NF4_CODEBOOK if quant_type == "nf4" else FP4_CODEBOOK - codebook = codebook.to(A.device) - - A_norm = A_blocked.float() / absmax.unsqueeze(1) - - diffs = (A_norm.unsqueeze(-1) - codebook.view(1, 1, -1)).abs() - indices = diffs.argmin(dim=-1).to(torch.uint8) - - indices_flat = indices.flatten() - packed_numel = padded_numel // 2 - if out is None: - out = torch.zeros(packed_numel, dtype=quant_storage, device=A.device) - - out[:] = (indices_flat[0::2] | (indices_flat[1::2] << 4)).to(quant_storage) - - # Double quantization - state2 = None - if compress_statistics: - absmax_quant, state2 = quantize_blockwise(absmax, blocksize=256) - absmax = absmax_quant - - quant_state = QuantState( - absmax=absmax, - shape=orig_shape, - blocksize=blocksize, - quant_type=quant_type, - dtype=orig_dtype, - state2=state2, - ) - - return out, quant_state - - -def dequantize_4bit( - A: Tensor, - quant_state: Optional[QuantState] = None, - absmax: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out: Optional[Tensor] = None, - blocksize: int = 64, - quant_type: str = "nf4", -) -> Tensor: - """ - Dequantize 4-bit tensor back to floating point. - - Args: - A: Quantized tensor (packed uint8) - quant_state: QuantState from quantize_4bit - absmax: Optional absmax (if quant_state not provided) - out: Optional pre-allocated output tensor - blocksize: Block size (if quant_state not provided) - quant_type: 'nf4' or 'fp4' (if quant_state not provided) - - Returns: - Dequantized tensor with original shape - """ - if quant_state is not None: - absmax = quant_state.absmax - blocksize = quant_state.blocksize - quant_type = quant_state.quant_type - shape = quant_state.shape - dtype = quant_state.dtype - - # Handle double quantization - if quant_state.state2 is not None: - absmax = dequantize_blockwise(absmax, quant_state.state2) - else: - if absmax is None: - raise ValueError("Either quant_state or absmax must be provided") - shape = None - dtype = torch.float16 - - codebook = NF4_CODEBOOK if quant_type == "nf4" else FP4_CODEBOOK - codebook = codebook.to(A.device) - - # For 2D weight matrices, use row-wise dequantization - if shape is not None and len(shape) == 2: - N, K = shape - K_padded = ((K + blocksize - 1) // blocksize) * blocksize - if K_padded % 2 != 0: - K_padded += blocksize - num_blocks_per_row = K_padded // blocksize - - # Reshape packed data to [N, K_padded/2] - packed_K = K_padded // 2 - A_2d = A.view(N, packed_K) - - # Unpack - low = (A_2d & 0x0F).long() - high = ((A_2d >> 4) & 0x0F).long() - - # Interleave to get [N, K_padded] - unpacked = torch.zeros(N, K_padded, dtype=torch.long, device=A.device) - unpacked[:, 0::2] = low - unpacked[:, 1::2] = high - - # Reshape to [N, num_blocks_per_row, blocksize] - unpacked = unpacked.view(N, num_blocks_per_row, blocksize) - - # Reshape absmax to [N, num_blocks_per_row] - absmax_2d = absmax.view(N, num_blocks_per_row) - - # Dequantize - values = codebook[unpacked] # [N, num_blocks_per_row, blocksize] - values = values * absmax_2d.unsqueeze(-1) - - # Reshape to [N, K] - values = values.view(N, K_padded)[:, :K] - - if out is None: - out = values.to(dtype) - else: - out[:] = values.to(dtype) - - return out - - # For non-2D tensors, use flat dequantization (original behavior) - # Unpack - low = (A & 0x0F).long() - high = ((A >> 4) & 0x0F).long() - - # Interleave - unpacked = torch.zeros(A.numel() * 2, dtype=torch.long, device=A.device) - unpacked[0::2] = low.flatten() - unpacked[1::2] = high.flatten() - - # Reshape to blocks - num_blocks = absmax.numel() - padded_numel = num_blocks * blocksize - unpacked = unpacked[:padded_numel].view(num_blocks, blocksize) - - # Dequantize - values = codebook[unpacked] # [num_blocks, blocksize] - values = values * absmax.view(-1, 1) - - # Reshape to original - if out is None: - if shape is not None: - out = values.flatten()[:torch.Size(shape).numel()].view(shape).to(dtype) - else: - out = values.flatten().to(dtype) - else: - out[:] = values.flatten()[:out.numel()].view(out.shape).to(dtype) - - return out - - -def quantize_nf4( - A: Tensor, - absmax: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out: Optional[Tensor] = None, - blocksize: int = 64, - compress_statistics: bool = False, - quant_storage: torch.dtype = torch.uint8, -) -> Tuple[Tensor, QuantState]: - """Quantize to NF4 format. Alias for quantize_4bit with quant_type='nf4'.""" - return quantize_4bit(A, absmax, out, blocksize, compress_statistics, "nf4", quant_storage) - - -def dequantize_nf4( - A: Tensor, - quant_state: Optional[QuantState] = None, - absmax: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out: Optional[Tensor] = None, - blocksize: int = 64, -) -> Tensor: - """Dequantize NF4 tensor. Alias for dequantize_4bit with quant_type='nf4'.""" - return dequantize_4bit(A, quant_state, absmax, out, blocksize, "nf4") - - -def quantize_fp4( - A: Tensor, - absmax: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out: Optional[Tensor] = None, - blocksize: int = 64, - compress_statistics: bool = False, - quant_storage: torch.dtype = torch.uint8, -) -> Tuple[Tensor, QuantState]: - """Quantize to FP4 format. Alias for quantize_4bit with quant_type='fp4'.""" - return quantize_4bit(A, absmax, out, blocksize, compress_statistics, "fp4", quant_storage) - - -def dequantize_fp4( - A: Tensor, - quant_state: Optional[QuantState] = None, - absmax: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out: Optional[Tensor] = None, - blocksize: int = 64, -) -> Tensor: - """Dequantize FP4 tensor. Alias for dequantize_4bit with quant_type='fp4'.""" - return dequantize_4bit(A, quant_state, absmax, out, blocksize, "fp4") - - -# ============================================================================= -# Blockwise Quantization (INT8) -# ============================================================================= - -def quantize_blockwise( - A: Tensor, - code: Optional[Tensor] = None, - absmax: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out: Optional[Tensor] = None, - blocksize: int = 4096, - nested: bool = False, -) -> Tuple[Tensor, QuantState]: - """ - Quantize tensor to INT8 using blockwise absmax scaling. - - Args: - A: Input tensor - code: Optional codebook (unused, for API compatibility) - absmax: Optional pre-allocated absmax tensor - out: Optional pre-allocated output tensor - blocksize: Elements per block - nested: If True, apply nested quantization - - Returns: - Tuple of (quantized tensor, QuantState) - """ - # Validate device - _check_device(A, "quantize_blockwise") - - # Validate blocksize - if blocksize <= 0: - raise ValueError(f"blocksize must be positive, got {blocksize}") - if blocksize > 65536: - raise ValueError(f"blocksize too large ({blocksize}), max is 65536") - - orig_shape = A.shape - orig_dtype = A.dtype - A = A.contiguous().flatten() - numel = A.numel() - - # Pad to blocksize - padded_numel = ((numel + blocksize - 1) // blocksize) * blocksize - A_padded = torch.zeros(padded_numel, dtype=A.dtype, device=A.device) - A_padded[:numel] = A - - num_blocks = padded_numel // blocksize - A_blocked = A_padded.view(num_blocks, blocksize) - - # Compute absmax per block - if absmax is None: - absmax = A_blocked.float().abs().max(dim=1).values.clamp(min=1e-8) - - # Quantize - scale = 127.0 / absmax.unsqueeze(1) - if out is None: - out = torch.clamp(torch.round(A_blocked.float() * scale), -127, 127).to(torch.int8) - else: - out[:] = torch.clamp(torch.round(A_blocked.float() * scale), -127, 127).to(torch.int8) - - out = out.flatten()[:numel].view(orig_shape) - - state2 = None - if nested: - absmax, state2 = quantize_blockwise(absmax, blocksize=256) - - quant_state = QuantState( - absmax=absmax, - shape=orig_shape, - blocksize=blocksize, - quant_type="int8", - dtype=orig_dtype, - state2=state2, - ) - - return out, quant_state - - -def dequantize_blockwise( - A: Tensor, - quant_state: Optional[QuantState] = None, - absmax: Optional[Tensor] = None, - code: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out: Optional[Tensor] = None, - blocksize: int = 4096, - nested: bool = False, -) -> Tensor: - """ - Dequantize blockwise INT8 tensor. - - Args: - A: Quantized int8 tensor - quant_state: QuantState from quantize_blockwise - absmax: Optional absmax (if quant_state not provided) - code: Unused, for API compatibility - out: Optional pre-allocated output tensor - blocksize: Block size (if quant_state not provided) - nested: If True, dequantize nested state first - - Returns: - Dequantized tensor - """ - if quant_state is not None: - absmax = quant_state.absmax - blocksize = quant_state.blocksize - shape = quant_state.shape - dtype = quant_state.dtype - - if quant_state.state2 is not None: - absmax = dequantize_blockwise(absmax, quant_state.state2) - else: - if absmax is None: - raise ValueError("Either quant_state or absmax must be provided") - shape = A.shape - dtype = torch.float16 - - A_flat = A.flatten().float() - numel = A_flat.numel() - - # Pad - padded_numel = ((numel + blocksize - 1) // blocksize) * blocksize - A_padded = torch.zeros(padded_numel, dtype=torch.float32, device=A.device) - A_padded[:numel] = A_flat - - num_blocks = padded_numel // blocksize - A_blocked = A_padded.view(num_blocks, blocksize) - - # Dequantize - scale = absmax.view(-1, 1) / 127.0 - dequant = A_blocked * scale - dequant = dequant.flatten()[:numel].view(shape).to(dtype) - - if out is not None: - out[:] = dequant - return out - - return dequant - - -# ============================================================================= -# Convenience aliases for old API (backward compatibility) -# ============================================================================= - -def quantize_rowwise(tensor: Tensor) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]: - """ - Quantize tensor to INT8 using row-wise absmax scaling. - - Returns: - Tuple of (quantized int8 tensor, scales) - """ - orig_shape = tensor.shape - tensor_2d = tensor.view(-1, tensor.shape[-1]) - - absmax = tensor_2d.float().abs().max(dim=-1).values - scales = absmax.clamp(min=1e-8) - - quantized = torch.clamp( - torch.round(tensor_2d.float() * (127.0 / scales.unsqueeze(-1))), - -127, 127 - ).to(torch.int8) - - return quantized.view(orig_shape), scales - - -def dequantize_rowwise(quantized: Tensor, scales: Tensor, - dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16) -> Tensor: - """Dequantize INT8 tensor with row-wise scales.""" - orig_shape = quantized.shape - quantized_2d = quantized.view(-1, quantized.shape[-1]) - scales_2d = scales.view(-1) - - dequantized = (quantized_2d.float() * (scales_2d.unsqueeze(-1) / 127.0)).to(dtype) - return dequantized.view(orig_shape) - - -# ============================================================================= -# FP8 (8-bit Floating Point) - E4M3 format -# ============================================================================= - -def quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor: Tensor) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]: - """ - Quantize tensor to FP8 E4M3 format. - - FP8 E4M3 (1 sign, 4 exponent, 3 mantissa) offers better precision - than INT8 with similar memory footprint. Range: +/-448. - - Args: - tensor: Input tensor - - Returns: - Tuple of (quantized uint8 tensor, row-wise scales) - """ - if tensor.dim() != 2: - raise ValueError("Input must be 2D") - - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and tensor.device.type == 'mps': - return _C.quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor) - _warn_native_fallback("quantize_fp8_e4m3") - return _quantize_fp8_e4m3_python(tensor) - - -def dequantize_fp8_e4m3(quantized: Tensor, scales: Tensor, - dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16) -> Tensor: - """Dequantize FP8 E4M3 tensor.""" - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and quantized.device.type == 'mps': - return _C.dequantize_fp8_e4m3(quantized, scales, dtype) - _warn_native_fallback("dequantize_fp8_e4m3") - return _dequantize_fp8_e4m3_python(quantized, scales, dtype) - - -# ============================================================================= -# Matrix multiplication with quantized weights -# ============================================================================= - -def matmul_4bit( - A: Tensor, - B: Tensor, - quant_state: QuantState, - bias: Optional[Tensor] = None, - compute_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype] = None, -) -> Tensor: - """ - Matrix multiplication with 4-bit quantized weights. - - Uses fused Metal kernel when available for ~2x speedup. - - Args: - A: Input tensor [..., in_features] - B: Quantized weight tensor (packed uint8) - quant_state: QuantState from quantize_4bit - bias: Optional bias tensor - compute_dtype: Output dtype (default: input dtype) - - Returns: - Output tensor [..., out_features] - """ - if compute_dtype is None: - compute_dtype = A.dtype - # Try native fused kernel - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and A.device.type == 'mps' and B.device.type == 'mps': - # Reshape input for matmul if needed - orig_shape = A.shape - if A.dim() > 2: - A_2d = A.reshape(-1, A.shape[-1]) - else: - A_2d = A - - # For M > 512, dequant+matmul is faster (PyTorch's GEMM wins) - M = A_2d.shape[0] - if M > 512: - pass # Fall through to unfused path - else: - # Handle double quantization - dequantize absmax first - absmax = quant_state.absmax - if quant_state.state2 is not None: - absmax = dequantize_blockwise(absmax, quant_state.state2) - - # Get dimensions from quant_state.shape (original weight shape) - out_features, in_features = quant_state.shape[0], quant_state.shape[1] - blocksize = quant_state.blocksize - - # Compute K_padded (matching quantize_4bit logic for 2D tensors) - K_padded = ((in_features + blocksize - 1) // blocksize) * blocksize - if K_padded % 2 != 0: - K_padded += blocksize - - # Reshape weight from flat to [N, K_padded/2] - packed_K = K_padded // 2 - weight_2d = B.reshape(out_features, packed_K) - - # Reshape absmax to [N, num_blocks_per_row] - num_blocks_per_row = K_padded // blocksize - absmax_2d = absmax.reshape(out_features, num_blocks_per_row) - - # Call native fused kernel (NF4 or FP4) - if quant_state.quant_type == "nf4": - output = _C.matmul_nf4(A_2d, weight_2d, absmax_2d, bias, blocksize, compute_dtype) - else: # fp4 - output = _C.matmul_fp4(A_2d, weight_2d, absmax_2d, bias, blocksize, compute_dtype) - - if len(orig_shape) > 2: - output = output.reshape(*orig_shape[:-1], -1) - - return output - - # Dequantize + matmul path (used for M > 512 where PyTorch GEMM is faster, or when native unavailable) - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is None or A.device.type != 'mps' or B.device.type != 'mps': - _warn_native_fallback("matmul_4bit") - weight = dequantize_4bit(B, quant_state) - - # Reshape for matmul if needed - orig_shape = A.shape - if A.dim() > 2: - A = A.reshape(-1, A.shape[-1]) - - # MPS requires all dtypes to match - A = A.to(weight.dtype) - if bias is not None: - bias = bias.to(weight.dtype) - output = torch.nn.functional.linear(A, weight, bias) - - if len(orig_shape) > 2: - output = output.reshape(*orig_shape[:-1], -1) - - # Cast to compute_dtype - return output.to(compute_dtype) - - -def matmul_nf4(input: Tensor, weight_packed: Tensor, weight_state: QuantState, - bias: Optional[Tensor] = None) -> Tensor: - """Matrix multiplication with NF4-quantized weights.""" - return matmul_4bit(input, weight_packed, weight_state, bias) - - -def matmul_fp4(input: Tensor, weight_packed: Tensor, weight_state: QuantState, - bias: Optional[Tensor] = None) -> Tensor: - """Matrix multiplication with FP4-quantized weights.""" - return matmul_4bit(input, weight_packed, weight_state, bias) - - -def matmul_int8(A: Tensor, B: Tensor, A_scales: Tensor, B_scales: Tensor, - dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16) -> Tensor: - """INT8 matmul with fused dequantization.""" - A_dequant = dequantize_rowwise(A, A_scales, dtype) - B_dequant = dequantize_rowwise(B.T, B_scales, dtype).T - return torch.matmul(A_dequant, B_dequant) - - -def matmul_fp8_e4m3(input: Tensor, weight: Tensor, weight_scales: Tensor, - bias: Optional[Tensor] = None, - dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16) -> Tensor: - """Matrix multiplication with FP8 E4M3 weights.""" - weight_dequant = dequantize_fp8_e4m3(weight, weight_scales, dtype) - - is_1d = input.dim() == 1 - if is_1d: - input = input.unsqueeze(0) - - output = torch.nn.functional.linear(input.to(dtype), weight_dequant, bias) - return output.squeeze(0) if is_1d else output - - -# ============================================================================= -# Double Quantization -# ============================================================================= - -def double_quant( - A: Tensor, - col_stats: Optional[Tensor] = None, - row_stats: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out_col: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out_row: Optional[Tensor] = None, - threshold: float = 0.0, -) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, Optional[Tensor]]: - """ - Apply double quantization with row and column statistics. - - This is the bitsandbytes-style double_quant that computes both - row and column statistics for LLM.int8() style quantization. - - Args: - A: Input tensor [rows, cols] - col_stats: Optional pre-computed column statistics - row_stats: Optional pre-computed row statistics - out_col: Optional output for column-quantized - out_row: Optional output for row-quantized - threshold: Outlier threshold (unused in this impl) - - Returns: - Tuple of (col_quantized, row_quantized, col_stats, row_stats, outliers) - """ - if A.dim() != 2: - raise ValueError("Input must be 2D") - - A_f32 = A.float() - - if row_stats is None: - row_stats = A_f32.abs().max(dim=1).values.clamp(min=1e-8) - if col_stats is None: - col_stats = A_f32.abs().max(dim=0).values.clamp(min=1e-8) - - # Row-wise quantization - if out_row is None: - out_row = torch.clamp( - torch.round(A_f32 * (127.0 / row_stats.unsqueeze(1))), - -127, 127 - ).to(torch.int8) - - # Column-wise quantization - if out_col is None: - out_col = torch.clamp( - torch.round(A_f32 * (127.0 / col_stats.unsqueeze(0))), - -127, 127 - ).to(torch.int8) - - return out_col, out_row, col_stats, row_stats, None - - -def dequant_absmax(absmax_quant: Tensor, absmax_scales: Tensor, - blocksize: int = 256) -> Tensor: - """Dequantize double-quantized absmax values.""" - # Handle QuantState - if isinstance(absmax_scales, QuantState): - return dequantize_blockwise(absmax_quant, absmax_scales) - - rows = absmax_quant.shape[0] if absmax_quant.dim() > 1 else 1 - num_blocks = absmax_quant.numel() // rows if rows > 0 else absmax_quant.numel() - dq_blocks = absmax_scales.numel() // rows if rows > 0 else absmax_scales.numel() - - if absmax_quant.dim() == 1: - absmax_quant = absmax_quant.unsqueeze(0) - absmax_scales = absmax_scales.unsqueeze(0) - - absmax = torch.zeros_like(absmax_quant, dtype=torch.float32) - - for dqb in range(dq_blocks): - start = dqb * blocksize - end = min(start + blocksize, num_blocks) - scale = absmax_scales[:, dqb:dqb+1] - absmax[:, start:end] = absmax_quant[:, start:end].float() * scale - - return absmax.squeeze(0) if rows == 1 else absmax - - -# ============================================================================= -# INT8 with Column + Row Statistics (LLM.int8 style) -# ============================================================================= - -def quantize_colrow(tensor: Tensor) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor, Tensor]: - """ - Quantize matrix using both column-wise and row-wise statistics. - - Uses the geometric mean of row and column absmax for better accuracy. - This is the approach used in LLM.int8() for handling varying magnitudes. - - Args: - tensor: Input [rows, cols] tensor - - Returns: - Tuple of (quantized int8, row_scales, col_scales) - """ - if tensor.dim() != 2: - raise ValueError("Input must be 2D") - - tensor_f32 = tensor.float() - - row_absmax = tensor_f32.abs().max(dim=1).values.clamp(min=1e-8) - col_absmax = tensor_f32.abs().max(dim=0).values.clamp(min=1e-8) - - scale_matrix = torch.sqrt(row_absmax.unsqueeze(1) * col_absmax.unsqueeze(0)) - - quantized = torch.clamp( - torch.round(tensor_f32 * (127.0 / scale_matrix)), - -127, 127 - ).to(torch.int8) - - return quantized, row_absmax, col_absmax - - -def dequantize_colrow(quantized: Tensor, row_scales: Tensor, col_scales: Tensor, - dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16) -> Tensor: - """Dequantize INT8 tensor with column+row statistics.""" - scale_matrix = torch.sqrt(row_scales.unsqueeze(1) * col_scales.unsqueeze(0)) - dequant = quantized.float() * (scale_matrix / 127.0) - return dequant.to(dtype) - - -def matmul_colrow(input: Tensor, weight_int8: Tensor, - weight_row_scales: Tensor, weight_col_scales: Tensor, - bias: Optional[Tensor] = None, - dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16) -> Tensor: - """Matrix multiplication with column+row quantized weights.""" - weight_dequant = dequantize_colrow(weight_int8, weight_row_scales, weight_col_scales, dtype) - # Ensure bias is cast to the same dtype to avoid type mismatch errors on MPS - if bias is not None: - bias = bias.to(dtype) - output = torch.nn.functional.linear(input.to(dtype), weight_dequant, bias) - return output - - -# ============================================================================= -# Sparse Matrix Multiplication (COO format) -# ============================================================================= - -def spmm_coo( - row_indices: Tensor, - col_indices: Tensor, - values: Tensor, - dense: Tensor, - sparse_rows: int, - sparse_cols: int, -) -> Tensor: - """ - Sparse-dense matrix multiplication in COO format. - - Computes: sparse @ dense where sparse is in COO format. - """ - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and dense.device.type == 'mps': - try: - return _C.spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense, sparse_rows, sparse_cols) - except Exception: - pass # Fall through to PyTorch path - - indices = torch.stack([row_indices, col_indices], dim=0) - sparse = torch.sparse_coo_tensor( - indices, values, - size=(sparse_rows, sparse_cols), - device=values.device, - dtype=values.dtype - ) - return torch.sparse.mm(sparse, dense) - - -def spmm_coo_int8( - row_indices: Tensor, - col_indices: Tensor, - values_int8: Tensor, - values_scale: Tensor, - dense: Tensor, - sparse_rows: int, - sparse_cols: int, - dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16, -) -> Tensor: - """Sparse-dense matrix multiplication with INT8 sparse values.""" - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and dense.device.type == 'mps': - try: - return _C.spmm_coo_int8(row_indices, col_indices, values_int8, values_scale, dense, sparse_rows, sparse_cols) - except Exception: - pass # Fall through to PyTorch path - - scale = values_scale.item() if values_scale.numel() == 1 else values_scale.to(dtype) - values = values_int8.to(dtype) * scale - return spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense.to(dtype), sparse_rows, sparse_cols) - - -def sparse_coo_from_dense(tensor: Tensor, threshold: float = 0.0) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, int, int]: - """Convert dense tensor to COO sparse format.""" - rows, cols = tensor.shape - - if threshold > 0: - mask = tensor.abs() >= threshold - sparse = tensor * mask - else: - sparse = tensor - - nonzero = sparse.nonzero() - row_indices = nonzero[:, 0] - col_indices = nonzero[:, 1] - values = sparse[row_indices, col_indices] - - return row_indices, col_indices, values, rows, cols - - -def quantize_sparse_coo( - row_indices: Tensor, - col_indices: Tensor, - values: Tensor, -) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, Tensor]: - """Quantize sparse COO values to INT8.""" - absmax = values.float().abs().max().clamp(min=1e-8) - scale = absmax / 127.0 - - values_int8 = torch.clamp( - torch.round(values.float() / scale), - -127, 127 - ).to(torch.int8) - - return row_indices, col_indices, values_int8, scale.view(1) - - -# ============================================================================= -# Python Fallback Implementations -# ============================================================================= - -def _fp8_e4m3_to_float(fp8: int) -> float: - """Convert single FP8 E4M3 value to float.""" - sign = (fp8 >> 7) & 0x1 - exp = (fp8 >> 3) & 0xF - mant = fp8 & 0x7 - - if exp == 0: - result = 0.0 if mant == 0 else (mant / 8.0) * (2 ** -6) - elif exp == 15 and mant == 7: - result = float('nan') - else: - result = (1.0 + mant / 8.0) * (2 ** (exp - 7)) - - return -result if sign else result - - -def _float_to_fp8_e4m3(val: float) -> int: - """Convert float to FP8 E4M3.""" - import math - if math.isnan(val): - return 0x7F - - sign = 1 if val < 0 else 0 - val = abs(val) - val = min(val, 448.0) - - if val == 0: - return sign << 7 - - exp = int(math.floor(math.log2(val))) - mant = val / (2 ** exp) - 1.0 - biased_exp = exp + 7 - - if biased_exp <= 0: - return sign << 7 - elif biased_exp >= 15: - return (sign << 7) | (14 << 3) | 7 - else: - mant_bits = min(int(mant * 8 + 0.5), 7) - return (sign << 7) | (biased_exp << 3) | mant_bits - - -def _quantize_fp8_e4m3_python(tensor: Tensor) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]: - """Python FP8 E4M3 quantization - vectorized implementation.""" - rows, cols = tensor.shape - tensor_f32 = tensor.float() - - absmax = tensor_f32.abs().max(dim=1).values - scales = (absmax / 448.0).clamp(min=1e-12) - - # Normalize values by row scales - normalized = tensor_f32 / scales.unsqueeze(1) - - # Clamp to FP8 E4M3 range [-448, 448] - normalized = normalized.clamp(-448.0, 448.0) - - # Vectorized FP8 E4M3 encoding - output = _float_to_fp8_e4m3_vectorized(normalized) - - return output, scales - - -def _float_to_fp8_e4m3_vectorized(values: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """ - Vectorized conversion of float tensor to FP8 E4M3 format. - - FP8 E4M3: 1 sign bit, 4 exponent bits, 3 mantissa bits - Range: +/- 448, special values: NaN = 0x7F - """ - # Handle NaN - nan_mask = torch.isnan(values) - - # Extract sign and work with absolute values - sign = (values < 0).to(torch.uint8) << 7 - abs_val = values.abs() - - # Clamp to max representable value - abs_val = abs_val.clamp(max=448.0) - - # Zero handling - zero_mask = abs_val == 0 - - # Compute exponent: floor(log2(x)) for x > 0 - # Use log2 and floor, handling zero specially - log2_val = torch.where(abs_val > 0, torch.log2(abs_val), torch.zeros_like(abs_val)) - exp = torch.floor(log2_val).to(torch.int32) - - # Compute biased exponent (bias = 7) - biased_exp = exp + 7 - - # Compute mantissa: (x / 2^exp) - 1, scaled to 3 bits - # mantissa_float = (abs_val / 2^exp) - 1 - pow2_exp = torch.pow(2.0, exp.float()) - pow2_exp = torch.where(abs_val > 0, pow2_exp, torch.ones_like(pow2_exp)) - mantissa_float = (abs_val / pow2_exp) - 1.0 - mantissa_bits = (mantissa_float * 8.0 + 0.5).clamp(0, 7).to(torch.uint8) - - # Handle subnormals (biased_exp <= 0) - subnormal_mask = biased_exp <= 0 - - # Handle overflow (biased_exp >= 15) - clamp to max - overflow_mask = biased_exp >= 15 - - # Build FP8 value for normal case - biased_exp_clamped = biased_exp.clamp(0, 15).to(torch.uint8) - fp8_normal = sign | (biased_exp_clamped << 3) | mantissa_bits - - # Subnormal: just sign bit (simplified - full subnormal support would need more work) - fp8_subnormal = sign - - # Overflow: max value = sign | (14 << 3) | 7 - fp8_overflow = sign | ((14 << 3) | 7) - - # Combine cases - result = torch.where(zero_mask, sign, fp8_normal) - result = torch.where(subnormal_mask & ~zero_mask, fp8_subnormal, result) - result = torch.where(overflow_mask, fp8_overflow, result) - result = torch.where(nan_mask, torch.full_like(result, 0x7F), result) - - return result - - -def _dequantize_fp8_e4m3_python(quantized: Tensor, scales: Tensor, - dtype: torch.dtype) -> Tensor: - """Python FP8 E4M3 dequantization - vectorized implementation.""" - # Vectorized FP8 to float conversion - float_values = _fp8_e4m3_to_float_vectorized(quantized) - - # Apply row-wise scales - output = float_values * scales.unsqueeze(1) - - return output.to(dtype) - - -def _fp8_e4m3_to_float_vectorized(fp8: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """ - Vectorized conversion of FP8 E4M3 tensor to float. - - FP8 E4M3: 1 sign bit, 4 exponent bits, 3 mantissa bits - """ - fp8_int = fp8.to(torch.int32) - - # Extract components - sign = (fp8_int >> 7) & 0x1 - exp = (fp8_int >> 3) & 0xF - mant = fp8_int & 0x7 - - # Normal case: (1 + mant/8) * 2^(exp-7) - # Compute 2^(exp-7) using ldexp equivalent - # ldexp(x, n) = x * 2^n - normal_result = (1.0 + mant.float() / 8.0) * torch.pow(2.0, (exp - 7).float()) - - # Subnormal case (exp == 0): (mant/8) * 2^(-6) - subnormal_result = (mant.float() / 8.0) * (2.0 ** -6) - - # Zero case (exp == 0, mant == 0) - zero_mask = (exp == 0) & (mant == 0) - - # NaN case (exp == 15, mant == 7) - nan_mask = (exp == 15) & (mant == 7) - - # Subnormal mask (exp == 0, mant != 0) - subnormal_mask = (exp == 0) & (mant != 0) - - # Combine cases - result = torch.where(exp == 0, subnormal_result, normal_result) - result = torch.where(zero_mask, torch.zeros_like(result), result) - result = torch.where(nan_mask, torch.full_like(result, float('nan')), result) - - # Apply sign - result = torch.where(sign == 1, -result, result) - - return result diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/integration.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/integration.py deleted file mode 100644 index 10b0522..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/integration.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,334 +0,0 @@ -""" -HuggingFace Transformers Integration - -Provides BitsAndBytesConfig compatible API for loading quantized models -on Apple Silicon MPS devices. -""" - -import torch -from torch import nn -from typing import Optional, Dict, Any, Union -from dataclasses import dataclass, field - -from .nn import Linear4bit, Linear8bit - - -@dataclass -class BitsAndBytesConfig: - """ - Configuration for loading models with bitsandbytes quantization on MPS. - - This class mimics the transformers BitsAndBytesConfig API for compatibility. - - Args: - load_in_8bit: Load model in 8-bit precision - load_in_4bit: Load model in 4-bit precision (NF4) - llm_int8_threshold: Threshold for outlier detection (not used on MPS) - llm_int8_skip_modules: Modules to skip for 8-bit quantization - llm_int8_enable_fp32_cpu_offload: Enable CPU offload (not used on MPS) - llm_int8_has_fp16_weight: Has FP16 weight (not used on MPS) - bnb_4bit_compute_dtype: Compute dtype for 4-bit (torch.float16 or torch.bfloat16) - bnb_4bit_quant_type: Quantization type ('nf4' or 'fp4') - bnb_4bit_use_double_quant: Use double quantization (not implemented yet) - bnb_4bit_quant_storage: Storage type for quantized weights - - Example: - >>> from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig - >>> config = BitsAndBytesConfig( - ... load_in_4bit=True, - ... bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4", - ... bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16, - ... ) - """ - - load_in_8bit: bool = False - load_in_4bit: bool = False - llm_int8_threshold: float = 6.0 - llm_int8_skip_modules: Optional[list] = None - llm_int8_enable_fp32_cpu_offload: bool = False - llm_int8_has_fp16_weight: bool = False - bnb_4bit_compute_dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16 - bnb_4bit_quant_type: str = "nf4" - bnb_4bit_use_double_quant: bool = False - bnb_4bit_quant_storage: torch.dtype = torch.uint8 - - def __post_init__(self): - if self.load_in_4bit and self.load_in_8bit: - raise ValueError("Cannot load in both 4-bit and 8-bit") - - if self.bnb_4bit_quant_type not in ('nf4', 'fp4'): - raise ValueError(f"bnb_4bit_quant_type must be 'nf4' or 'fp4', got {self.bnb_4bit_quant_type}") - - if self.llm_int8_skip_modules is None: - self.llm_int8_skip_modules = [] - - def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]: - """Convert config to dictionary.""" - return { - 'load_in_8bit': self.load_in_8bit, - 'load_in_4bit': self.load_in_4bit, - 'llm_int8_threshold': self.llm_int8_threshold, - 'llm_int8_skip_modules': self.llm_int8_skip_modules, - 'bnb_4bit_compute_dtype': str(self.bnb_4bit_compute_dtype), - 'bnb_4bit_quant_type': self.bnb_4bit_quant_type, - 'bnb_4bit_use_double_quant': self.bnb_4bit_use_double_quant, - } - - @classmethod - def from_dict(cls, config_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> 'BitsAndBytesConfig': - """Create config from dictionary.""" - # Handle dtype conversion - if 'bnb_4bit_compute_dtype' in config_dict: - dtype_str = config_dict['bnb_4bit_compute_dtype'] - if isinstance(dtype_str, str): - if 'float16' in dtype_str: - config_dict['bnb_4bit_compute_dtype'] = torch.float16 - elif 'bfloat16' in dtype_str: - config_dict['bnb_4bit_compute_dtype'] = torch.bfloat16 - else: - config_dict['bnb_4bit_compute_dtype'] = torch.float16 - - return cls(**{k: v for k, v in config_dict.items() if k in cls.__dataclass_fields__}) - - @property - def is_quantizable(self) -> bool: - """Check if config specifies quantization.""" - return self.load_in_4bit or self.load_in_8bit - - @property - def quantization_method(self) -> str: - """Get quantization method string.""" - if self.load_in_4bit: - return 'bitsandbytes_4bit' - elif self.load_in_8bit: - return 'bitsandbytes_8bit' - return 'none' - - -def replace_linear_with_4bit( - model: nn.Module, - quantization_config: BitsAndBytesConfig, - modules_to_not_convert: Optional[list] = None, - current_key_name: Optional[str] = None, -) -> nn.Module: - """ - Replace all nn.Linear layers with Linear4bit. - - Args: - model: Model to quantize - quantization_config: Quantization configuration - modules_to_not_convert: List of module names to skip - current_key_name: Current module path (for recursion) - - Returns: - Model with quantized linear layers - """ - if modules_to_not_convert is None: - modules_to_not_convert = [] - - for name, module in model.named_children(): - full_name = f"{current_key_name}.{name}" if current_key_name else name - - if isinstance(module, nn.Linear): - # Check if we should skip this module - should_skip = any(skip in full_name for skip in modules_to_not_convert) - if should_skip: - continue - - # Replace with 4-bit version - new_module = Linear4bit.from_linear( - module, - compute_dtype=quantization_config.bnb_4bit_compute_dtype, - quant_type=quantization_config.bnb_4bit_quant_type, - ) - setattr(model, name, new_module) - else: - # Recurse - replace_linear_with_4bit( - module, - quantization_config, - modules_to_not_convert, - full_name, - ) - - return model - - -def replace_linear_with_8bit( - model: nn.Module, - quantization_config: BitsAndBytesConfig, - modules_to_not_convert: Optional[list] = None, - current_key_name: Optional[str] = None, -) -> nn.Module: - """ - Replace all nn.Linear layers with Linear8bit. - - Args: - model: Model to quantize - quantization_config: Quantization configuration - modules_to_not_convert: List of module names to skip - current_key_name: Current module path (for recursion) - - Returns: - Model with quantized linear layers - """ - if modules_to_not_convert is None: - modules_to_not_convert = quantization_config.llm_int8_skip_modules or [] - - for name, module in model.named_children(): - full_name = f"{current_key_name}.{name}" if current_key_name else name - - if isinstance(module, nn.Linear): - should_skip = any(skip in full_name for skip in modules_to_not_convert) - if should_skip: - continue - - new_module = Linear8bit.from_linear(module) - setattr(model, name, new_module) - else: - replace_linear_with_8bit( - module, - quantization_config, - modules_to_not_convert, - full_name, - ) - - return model - - -def quantize_model( - model: nn.Module, - quantization_config: Optional[BitsAndBytesConfig] = None, - load_in_4bit: bool = False, - load_in_8bit: bool = False, - device: str = 'mps', - compute_dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16, - modules_to_not_convert: Optional[list] = None, -) -> nn.Module: - """ - Quantize a model for memory-efficient inference. - - This is the main entry point for quantizing models on MPS. - - Args: - model: Model to quantize - quantization_config: Optional BitsAndBytesConfig - load_in_4bit: Load in 4-bit (if no config provided) - load_in_8bit: Load in 8-bit (if no config provided) - device: Target device - compute_dtype: Compute dtype - modules_to_not_convert: Modules to skip - - Returns: - Quantized model - - Example: - >>> from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM - >>> from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_model, BitsAndBytesConfig - >>> - >>> model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf") - >>> config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True) - >>> model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config) - """ - # Create config if not provided - if quantization_config is None: - quantization_config = BitsAndBytesConfig( - load_in_4bit=load_in_4bit, - load_in_8bit=load_in_8bit, - bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=compute_dtype, - ) - - # Quantize on current device first (avoids loading full fp16 to GPU) - # Then move to target device - if quantization_config.load_in_4bit: - model = replace_linear_with_4bit(model, quantization_config, modules_to_not_convert) - elif quantization_config.load_in_8bit: - model = replace_linear_with_8bit(model, quantization_config, modules_to_not_convert) - - # Move quantized model to target device - model = model.to(device) - - return model - - -def get_memory_footprint(model: nn.Module) -> Dict[str, Any]: - """ - Calculate memory footprint of a model. - - Returns: - Dictionary with memory statistics - """ - total_bytes = 0 - total_params = 0 - quantized_params = 0 - - for name, param in model.named_parameters(): - total_params += param.numel() - total_bytes += param.numel() * param.element_size() - - for name, buf in model.named_buffers(): - total_params += buf.numel() - total_bytes += buf.numel() * buf.element_size() - - # Track quantized parameters - if 'weight_packed' in name or 'weight_int8' in name: - quantized_params += buf.numel() - - fp16_size = total_params * 2 / 1e9 # If all were fp16 - actual_size = total_bytes / 1e9 - - return { - 'total_params': total_params, - 'quantized_params': quantized_params, - 'fp16_size_gb': fp16_size, - 'actual_size_gb': actual_size, - 'savings_gb': fp16_size - actual_size, - 'savings_pct': (1 - actual_size / fp16_size) * 100 if fp16_size > 0 else 0, - } - - -# Monkey-patch hook for transformers integration -def _patch_transformers(): - """ - Attempt to patch transformers to use our quantization on MPS. - - This is called automatically on import if transformers is available. - """ - try: - import transformers - from transformers import modeling_utils - - # Store original - _original_load_pretrained = modeling_utils.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained.__func__ - - @classmethod - def _patched_from_pretrained(cls, *args, **kwargs): - # Check if MPS quantization is requested - quantization_config = kwargs.get('quantization_config') - device_map = kwargs.get('device_map') - - if (quantization_config is not None and - isinstance(quantization_config, BitsAndBytesConfig) and - (device_map == 'mps' or device_map == {'': 'mps'})): - - # Remove quantization_config to load in FP16 first - kwargs_copy = kwargs.copy() - kwargs_copy.pop('quantization_config', None) - kwargs_copy['device_map'] = None - kwargs_copy['torch_dtype'] = quantization_config.bnb_4bit_compute_dtype - - # Load model - model = _original_load_pretrained(cls, *args, **kwargs_copy) - - # Apply our quantization - model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config, device='mps') - - return model - - return _original_load_pretrained(cls, *args, **kwargs) - - # Apply patch - # modeling_utils.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained = _patched_from_pretrained - - except ImportError: - pass # transformers not installed diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/fp4_matmul.metal b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/fp4_matmul.metal deleted file mode 100644 index f74223a..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/fp4_matmul.metal +++ /dev/null @@ -1,311 +0,0 @@ -// FP4 (4-bit Floating Point) Quantization Kernels for Apple Silicon -// -// FP4 uses E2M1 format: 1 sign bit, 2 exponent bits, 1 mantissa bit -// This gives 16 possible values with floating-point-like distribution. -// -// Compared to NF4: -// - NF4: Codebook optimized for normal distribution (better for typical weights) -// - FP4: True floating point distribution (better dynamic range) - -#include -using namespace metal; - -// ============================================================================= -// FP4 E2M1 Codebook -// Format: SEEM (Sign, Exp, Exp, Mantissa) -// Values: ±{0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6} normalized -// ============================================================================= - -// FP4 E2M1 values (unsigned, will apply sign separately) -// Index 0-7: positive values, Index 8-15: negative values -constant float FP4_CODEBOOK[16] = { - 0.0f, // 0000: +0 - 0.001953125f, // 0001: smallest subnormal (acts as near-zero positive) - 0.25f, // 0010: 2^-2 - 0.5f, // 0011: 2^-1 - 1.0f, // 0100: 2^0 - 1.5f, // 0101: 1.5 * 2^0 - 2.0f, // 0110: 2^1 - 3.0f, // 0111: 1.5 * 2^1 - -0.0f, // 1000: -0 (treated same as +0) - -0.001953125f, // 1001: smallest subnormal negative - -0.25f, // 1010: -2^-2 - -0.5f, // 1011: -2^-1 - -1.0f, // 1100: -2^0 - -1.5f, // 1101: -1.5 * 2^0 - -2.0f, // 1110: -2^1 - -3.0f, // 1111: -1.5 * 2^1 -}; - -// Alternative normalized FP4 codebook (scaled to [-1, 1] like NF4) -constant float FP4_CODEBOOK_NORMALIZED[16] = { - 0.0f, - 0.0625f, - 0.125f, - 0.25f, - 0.375f, - 0.5f, - 0.75f, - 1.0f, - -0.0f, - -0.0625f, - -0.125f, - -0.25f, - -0.375f, - -0.5f, - -0.75f, - -1.0f, -}; - -// ============================================================================= -// Helper Functions -// ============================================================================= - -inline uchar extract_fp4_index(uchar packed, uint position) { - return (position == 0) ? (packed & 0x0F) : (packed >> 4); -} - -inline float dequantize_fp4_value(uchar packed, uint position, float absmax) { - uchar idx = extract_fp4_index(packed, position); - return FP4_CODEBOOK_NORMALIZED[idx] * absmax; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP4 Quantization Kernel -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void fp4_quantize( - device const float* input [[buffer(0)]], - device uchar* output [[buffer(1)]], - device float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint row = tgid.y; - if (row >= rows) return; - - uint num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - uint threads_per_row = 256; - uint thread_id = tid.x; - - device const float* row_data = input + row * cols; - device uchar* row_output = output + row * (cols / 2); - device float* row_absmax = absmax + row * num_blocks; - - for (uint block = 0; block < num_blocks; block++) { - uint block_start = block * block_size; - uint block_end = min(block_start + block_size, cols); - uint block_len = block_end - block_start; - - // Compute absmax - float local_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < block_len; i += threads_per_row) { - float val = row_data[block_start + i]; - local_max = max(local_max, abs(val)); - } - - local_max = simd_max(local_max); - - threadgroup float shared_max[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) shared_max[simd_group] = local_max; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (thread_id == 0) { - float final_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) final_max = max(final_max, shared_max[i]); - row_absmax[block] = max(final_max, 1e-8f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - float block_absmax = row_absmax[block]; - - // Quantize to FP4 - for (uint i = thread_id * 2; i < block_len; i += threads_per_row * 2) { - uint idx0 = block_start + i; - uint idx1 = block_start + i + 1; - - float v0 = (idx0 < cols) ? row_data[idx0] / block_absmax : 0.0f; - float v1 = (idx1 < cols) ? row_data[idx1] / block_absmax : 0.0f; - - // Find nearest FP4 codebook value - uchar q0 = 0, q1 = 0; - float best_dist0 = INFINITY, best_dist1 = INFINITY; - for (uchar c = 0; c < 16; c++) { - float dist0 = abs(v0 - FP4_CODEBOOK_NORMALIZED[c]); - float dist1 = abs(v1 - FP4_CODEBOOK_NORMALIZED[c]); - if (dist0 < best_dist0) { best_dist0 = dist0; q0 = c; } - if (dist1 < best_dist1) { best_dist1 = dist1; q1 = c; } - } - - uchar packed = q0 | (q1 << 4); - row_output[(idx0 / 2)] = packed; - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP4 Dequantization Kernel -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void fp4_dequantize( - device const uchar* packed [[buffer(0)]], - device const float* absmax [[buffer(1)]], - device half* output [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint row = gid.y; - uint col = gid.x; - if (row >= rows || col >= cols) return; - - uint num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - uint block_idx = col / block_size; - uint packed_idx = row * (cols / 2) + (col / 2); - uint position = col % 2; - - uchar packed_val = packed[packed_idx]; - float scale = absmax[row * num_blocks + block_idx]; - float dequant = dequantize_fp4_value(packed_val, position, scale); - output[row * cols + col] = half(dequant); -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP4 MatMul Fused Kernel -// ============================================================================= - -constant uint FP4_TILE_M = 32; -constant uint FP4_TILE_N = 32; -constant uint FP4_TILE_K = 64; -constant uint FP4_THREAD_M = 4; -constant uint FP4_THREAD_N = 4; - -kernel void fp4_matmul_fused( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const uchar* weight_packed [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* weight_absmax [[buffer(2)]], - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(9)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - threadgroup half As[FP4_TILE_M][FP4_TILE_K + 1]; - threadgroup half Bs[FP4_TILE_K][FP4_TILE_N + 1]; - - const uint tx = tid.x; - const uint ty = tid.y; - const uint thread_id = ty * 8 + tx; - const uint row_base = tgid.y * FP4_TILE_M + ty * FP4_THREAD_M; - const uint col_base = tgid.x * FP4_TILE_N + tx * FP4_THREAD_N; - - float acc[FP4_THREAD_M][FP4_THREAD_N] = {{0.0f}}; - const uint num_blocks = (K + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - for (uint t = 0; t < K; t += FP4_TILE_K) { - // Load input tile - for (uint i = 0; i < (FP4_TILE_M * FP4_TILE_K) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 64; - uint load_row = flat_idx / FP4_TILE_K; - uint load_col = flat_idx % FP4_TILE_K; - uint global_row = tgid.y * FP4_TILE_M + load_row; - uint global_col = t + load_col; - As[load_row][load_col] = (global_row < M && global_col < K) - ? input[global_row * K + global_col] : half(0.0f); - } - - // Load + dequantize weight tile - for (uint i = 0; i < (FP4_TILE_K * FP4_TILE_N) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 64; - uint load_k = flat_idx / FP4_TILE_N; - uint load_n = flat_idx % FP4_TILE_N; - uint global_k = t + load_k; - uint global_n = tgid.x * FP4_TILE_N + load_n; - - if (global_k < K && global_n < N) { - uint packed_idx = global_n * (K / 2) + (global_k / 2); - uchar packed = weight_packed[packed_idx]; - uint position = global_k % 2; - uint blk_idx = global_k / block_size; - float scale = weight_absmax[global_n * num_blocks + blk_idx]; - Bs[load_k][load_n] = half(dequantize_fp4_value(packed, position, scale)); - } else { - Bs[load_k][load_n] = half(0.0f); - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - for (uint k = 0; k < FP4_TILE_K; k++) { - half a_vals[FP4_THREAD_M]; - half b_vals[FP4_THREAD_N]; - for (uint m = 0; m < FP4_THREAD_M; m++) - a_vals[m] = As[ty * FP4_THREAD_M + m][k]; - for (uint n = 0; n < FP4_THREAD_N; n++) - b_vals[n] = Bs[k][tx * FP4_THREAD_N + n]; - for (uint m = 0; m < FP4_THREAD_M; m++) - for (uint n = 0; n < FP4_THREAD_N; n++) - acc[m][n] += float(a_vals[m]) * float(b_vals[n]); - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - for (uint m = 0; m < FP4_THREAD_M; m++) { - uint out_row = row_base + m; - if (out_row >= M) continue; - for (uint n = 0; n < FP4_THREAD_N; n++) { - uint out_col = col_base + n; - if (out_col >= N) continue; - float result = acc[m][n]; - if (has_bias) result += float(bias[out_col]); - output[out_row * N + out_col] = half(result); - } - } -} - -// Simple FP4 linear for small matrices -kernel void fp4_linear_simple( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const uchar* weight_packed [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* weight_absmax [[buffer(2)]], - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(9)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint m = gid.y; - uint n = gid.x; - if (m >= M || n >= N) return; - - uint num_blocks = (K + block_size - 1) / block_size; - float acc = 0.0f; - - for (uint k = 0; k < K; k++) { - float in_val = float(input[m * K + k]); - uint packed_idx = n * (K / 2) + (k / 2); - uchar packed = weight_packed[packed_idx]; - uint position = k % 2; - uint block_idx = k / block_size; - float scale = weight_absmax[n * num_blocks + block_idx]; - float w_val = dequantize_fp4_value(packed, position, scale); - acc += in_val * w_val; - } - - if (has_bias) acc += float(bias[n]); - output[m * N + n] = half(acc); -} diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/fp8_matmul.metal b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/fp8_matmul.metal deleted file mode 100644 index b71dfae..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/fp8_matmul.metal +++ /dev/null @@ -1,517 +0,0 @@ -// FP8 (8-bit Floating Point) Kernels for Apple Silicon -// -// Two formats supported: -// - E4M3: 1 sign, 4 exponent, 3 mantissa (better precision, used for weights) -// - E5M2: 1 sign, 5 exponent, 2 mantissa (better range, used for gradients) -// -// This bypasses PyTorch's lack of FP8 support on MPS by implementing -// custom quantization/dequantization in Metal. -// -// Note: M3/M4 chips have native FP8 in Neural Engine, but we use software -// emulation here for broader compatibility (M1/M2 support). - -#include -using namespace metal; - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 E4M3 Format -// Range: ±448, smallest normal: 2^-6 = 0.015625 -// Special: No infinity, NaN represented as 0x7F and 0xFF -// ============================================================================= - -// Convert FP8 E4M3 (stored as uchar) to float -inline float fp8_e4m3_to_float(uchar fp8) { - // Extract components - uint sign = (fp8 >> 7) & 0x1; - uint exp = (fp8 >> 3) & 0xF; // 4 bits - uint mant = fp8 & 0x7; // 3 bits - - float result; - - if (exp == 0) { - // Subnormal or zero - if (mant == 0) { - result = 0.0f; - } else { - // Subnormal: value = (-1)^s * 2^(-6) * (0.mant) - result = ldexp(float(mant) / 8.0f, -6); - } - } else if (exp == 15) { - // E4M3 uses exp=15, mant=7 as NaN, no infinity - if (mant == 7) { - result = NAN; - } else { - // Normal number at max exponent - result = ldexp(1.0f + float(mant) / 8.0f, int(exp) - 7); - } - } else { - // Normal: value = (-1)^s * 2^(exp-7) * (1.mant) - result = ldexp(1.0f + float(mant) / 8.0f, int(exp) - 7); - } - - return sign ? -result : result; -} - -// Convert float to FP8 E4M3 -inline uchar float_to_fp8_e4m3(float val) { - if (isnan(val)) return 0x7F; // NaN - - uint sign = val < 0 ? 1 : 0; - val = abs(val); - - // Clamp to FP8 E4M3 max (448) - val = min(val, 448.0f); - - if (val == 0.0f) return sign << 7; - - // Get exponent and mantissa - int exp; - float mant = frexp(val, &exp); // val = mant * 2^exp, 0.5 <= mant < 1 - mant *= 2.0f; // Now 1 <= mant < 2 - exp -= 1; // Adjust for the *2 - - // Bias exponent (bias = 7 for E4M3) - int biased_exp = exp + 7; - - if (biased_exp <= 0) { - // Subnormal - int shift = 1 - biased_exp; - if (shift > 3) return sign << 7; // Underflow to zero - uint mant_bits = uint((mant - 1.0f) * 8.0f + 0.5f) >> shift; - mant_bits = min(mant_bits, 7u); - return (sign << 7) | mant_bits; - } else if (biased_exp >= 15) { - // Overflow - clamp to max normal - return (sign << 7) | (14 << 3) | 7; - } else { - // Normal - uint mant_bits = uint((mant - 1.0f) * 8.0f + 0.5f); - mant_bits = min(mant_bits, 7u); - return (sign << 7) | (biased_exp << 3) | mant_bits; - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 E5M2 Format -// Range: ±57344, smallest normal: 2^-14 -// Has infinity and NaN like FP16 -// ============================================================================= - -inline float fp8_e5m2_to_float(uchar fp8) { - uint sign = (fp8 >> 7) & 0x1; - uint exp = (fp8 >> 2) & 0x1F; // 5 bits - uint mant = fp8 & 0x3; // 2 bits - - float result; - - if (exp == 0) { - if (mant == 0) { - result = 0.0f; - } else { - // Subnormal - result = ldexp(float(mant) / 4.0f, -14); - } - } else if (exp == 31) { - // Infinity or NaN - result = (mant == 0) ? INFINITY : NAN; - } else { - // Normal - result = ldexp(1.0f + float(mant) / 4.0f, int(exp) - 15); - } - - return sign ? -result : result; -} - -inline uchar float_to_fp8_e5m2(float val) { - if (isnan(val)) return 0x7F; // NaN - if (isinf(val)) return (val < 0 ? 0xFF : 0x7C); // ±Inf - - uint sign = val < 0 ? 1 : 0; - val = abs(val); - - if (val == 0.0f) return sign << 7; - - // Clamp to max normal - val = min(val, 57344.0f); - - int exp; - float mant = frexp(val, &exp); - mant *= 2.0f; - exp -= 1; - - int biased_exp = exp + 15; - - if (biased_exp <= 0) { - int shift = 1 - biased_exp; - if (shift > 2) return sign << 7; - uint mant_bits = uint((mant - 1.0f) * 4.0f + 0.5f) >> shift; - mant_bits = min(mant_bits, 3u); - return (sign << 7) | mant_bits; - } else if (biased_exp >= 31) { - return (sign << 7) | (30 << 2) | 3; // Max normal - } else { - uint mant_bits = uint((mant - 1.0f) * 4.0f + 0.5f); - mant_bits = min(mant_bits, 3u); - return (sign << 7) | (biased_exp << 2) | mant_bits; - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 Quantization Kernels (Row-wise scaling like INT8) -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void fp8_e4m3_quantize( - device const float* input [[buffer(0)]], - device uchar* output [[buffer(1)]], - device float* scales [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint row = tgid.y; - if (row >= rows) return; - - uint thread_id = tid.x; - uint threads_per_row = 256; - - device const float* row_data = input + row * cols; - device uchar* row_output = output + row * cols; - - // Find row max for scaling - float local_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < cols; i += threads_per_row) { - local_max = max(local_max, abs(row_data[i])); - } - - local_max = simd_max(local_max); - - threadgroup float shared_max[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) shared_max[simd_group] = local_max; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (thread_id == 0) { - float final_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) final_max = max(final_max, shared_max[i]); - // Scale to fit in E4M3 range (max ~448) - scales[row] = max(final_max / 448.0f, 1e-12f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - float scale = scales[row]; - - // Quantize - for (uint i = thread_id; i < cols; i += threads_per_row) { - float val = row_data[i] / scale; - row_output[i] = float_to_fp8_e4m3(val); - } -} - -kernel void fp8_e5m2_quantize( - device const float* input [[buffer(0)]], - device uchar* output [[buffer(1)]], - device float* scales [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint row = tgid.y; - if (row >= rows) return; - - uint thread_id = tid.x; - uint threads_per_row = 256; - - device const float* row_data = input + row * cols; - device uchar* row_output = output + row * cols; - - float local_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < cols; i += threads_per_row) { - local_max = max(local_max, abs(row_data[i])); - } - - local_max = simd_max(local_max); - - threadgroup float shared_max[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) shared_max[simd_group] = local_max; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (thread_id == 0) { - float final_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) final_max = max(final_max, shared_max[i]); - scales[row] = max(final_max / 57344.0f, 1e-12f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - float scale = scales[row]; - - for (uint i = thread_id; i < cols; i += threads_per_row) { - float val = row_data[i] / scale; - row_output[i] = float_to_fp8_e5m2(val); - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 Dequantization Kernels -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void fp8_e4m3_dequantize( - device const uchar* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const float* scales [[buffer(1)]], - device half* output [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint row = gid.y; - uint col = gid.x; - if (row >= rows || col >= cols) return; - - uchar fp8_val = input[row * cols + col]; - float scale = scales[row]; - float val = fp8_e4m3_to_float(fp8_val) * scale; - output[row * cols + col] = half(val); -} - -kernel void fp8_e5m2_dequantize( - device const uchar* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const float* scales [[buffer(1)]], - device half* output [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint row = gid.y; - uint col = gid.x; - if (row >= rows || col >= cols) return; - - uchar fp8_val = input[row * cols + col]; - float scale = scales[row]; - float val = fp8_e5m2_to_float(fp8_val) * scale; - output[row * cols + col] = half(val); -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 E4M3 MatMul with Fused Dequantization -// ============================================================================= - -constant uint FP8_TILE_M = 32; -constant uint FP8_TILE_N = 32; -constant uint FP8_TILE_K = 32; -constant uint FP8_THREAD_M = 4; -constant uint FP8_THREAD_N = 4; - -kernel void fp8_e4m3_matmul_fused( - device const uchar* A [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] FP8 - device const uchar* B [[buffer(1)]], // [K, N] FP8 - device half* C [[buffer(2)]], // [M, N] FP16 output - device const float* A_scales [[buffer(3)]], // [M] - device const float* B_scales [[buffer(4)]], // [N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - threadgroup float As[FP8_TILE_M][FP8_TILE_K + 1]; - threadgroup float Bs[FP8_TILE_K][FP8_TILE_N + 1]; - - const uint tx = tid.x; - const uint ty = tid.y; - const uint thread_id = ty * 8 + tx; - const uint row_base = tgid.y * FP8_TILE_M + ty * FP8_THREAD_M; - const uint col_base = tgid.x * FP8_TILE_N + tx * FP8_THREAD_N; - - float acc[FP8_THREAD_M][FP8_THREAD_N] = {{0.0f}}; - - for (uint t = 0; t < K; t += FP8_TILE_K) { - // Load A tile with dequantization - for (uint i = 0; i < (FP8_TILE_M * FP8_TILE_K) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 64; - uint load_row = flat_idx / FP8_TILE_K; - uint load_col = flat_idx % FP8_TILE_K; - uint global_row = tgid.y * FP8_TILE_M + load_row; - uint global_col = t + load_col; - - if (global_row < M && global_col < K) { - uchar fp8_val = A[global_row * K + global_col]; - float scale = A_scales[global_row]; - As[load_row][load_col] = fp8_e4m3_to_float(fp8_val) * scale; - } else { - As[load_row][load_col] = 0.0f; - } - } - - // Load B tile with dequantization - for (uint i = 0; i < (FP8_TILE_K * FP8_TILE_N) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 64; - uint load_row = flat_idx / FP8_TILE_N; - uint load_col = flat_idx % FP8_TILE_N; - uint global_row = t + load_row; - uint global_col = tgid.x * FP8_TILE_N + load_col; - - if (global_row < K && global_col < N) { - uchar fp8_val = B[global_row * N + global_col]; - float scale = B_scales[global_col]; - Bs[load_row][load_col] = fp8_e4m3_to_float(fp8_val) * scale; - } else { - Bs[load_row][load_col] = 0.0f; - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - for (uint k = 0; k < FP8_TILE_K; k++) { - float a_vals[FP8_THREAD_M]; - float b_vals[FP8_THREAD_N]; - - for (uint m = 0; m < FP8_THREAD_M; m++) - a_vals[m] = As[ty * FP8_THREAD_M + m][k]; - for (uint n = 0; n < FP8_THREAD_N; n++) - b_vals[n] = Bs[k][tx * FP8_THREAD_N + n]; - - for (uint m = 0; m < FP8_THREAD_M; m++) - for (uint n = 0; n < FP8_THREAD_N; n++) - acc[m][n] += a_vals[m] * b_vals[n]; - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - // Write output - for (uint m = 0; m < FP8_THREAD_M; m++) { - uint out_row = row_base + m; - if (out_row >= M) continue; - for (uint n = 0; n < FP8_THREAD_N; n++) { - uint out_col = col_base + n; - if (out_col >= N) continue; - C[out_row * N + out_col] = half(acc[m][n]); - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 Linear Layer (input FP16, weights FP8) -// For inference: input in FP16, weights stored as FP8 -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void fp8_e4m3_linear( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] FP16 - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], // [N, K] FP8 (transposed) - device const float* weight_scales [[buffer(2)]], // [N] - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], // [N] - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], // [M, N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(8)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint m = gid.y; - uint n = gid.x; - if (m >= M || n >= N) return; - - float scale = weight_scales[n]; - float acc = 0.0f; - - for (uint k = 0; k < K; k++) { - float in_val = float(input[m * K + k]); - uchar fp8_w = weight[n * K + k]; - float w_val = fp8_e4m3_to_float(fp8_w) * scale; - acc += in_val * w_val; - } - - if (has_bias) acc += float(bias[n]); - output[m * N + n] = half(acc); -} - -// Tiled version for larger matrices -kernel void fp8_e4m3_linear_tiled( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* weight_scales [[buffer(2)]], - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(8)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - threadgroup half As[FP8_TILE_M][FP8_TILE_K + 1]; - threadgroup float Bs[FP8_TILE_K][FP8_TILE_N + 1]; - - const uint tx = tid.x; - const uint ty = tid.y; - const uint thread_id = ty * 8 + tx; - const uint row_base = tgid.y * FP8_TILE_M + ty * FP8_THREAD_M; - const uint col_base = tgid.x * FP8_TILE_N + tx * FP8_THREAD_N; - - float acc[FP8_THREAD_M][FP8_THREAD_N] = {{0.0f}}; - - for (uint t = 0; t < K; t += FP8_TILE_K) { - // Load input tile (FP16) - for (uint i = 0; i < (FP8_TILE_M * FP8_TILE_K) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 64; - uint load_row = flat_idx / FP8_TILE_K; - uint load_col = flat_idx % FP8_TILE_K; - uint global_row = tgid.y * FP8_TILE_M + load_row; - uint global_col = t + load_col; - - As[load_row][load_col] = (global_row < M && global_col < K) - ? input[global_row * K + global_col] : half(0.0f); - } - - // Load weight tile (FP8) with dequantization - for (uint i = 0; i < (FP8_TILE_K * FP8_TILE_N) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 64; - uint load_k = flat_idx / FP8_TILE_N; - uint load_n = flat_idx % FP8_TILE_N; - uint global_k = t + load_k; - uint global_n = tgid.x * FP8_TILE_N + load_n; - - if (global_k < K && global_n < N) { - uchar fp8_w = weight[global_n * K + global_k]; - float scale = weight_scales[global_n]; - Bs[load_k][load_n] = fp8_e4m3_to_float(fp8_w) * scale; - } else { - Bs[load_k][load_n] = 0.0f; - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - for (uint k = 0; k < FP8_TILE_K; k++) { - half a_vals[FP8_THREAD_M]; - float b_vals[FP8_THREAD_N]; - - for (uint m = 0; m < FP8_THREAD_M; m++) - a_vals[m] = As[ty * FP8_THREAD_M + m][k]; - for (uint n = 0; n < FP8_THREAD_N; n++) - b_vals[n] = Bs[k][tx * FP8_THREAD_N + n]; - - for (uint m = 0; m < FP8_THREAD_M; m++) - for (uint n = 0; n < FP8_THREAD_N; n++) - acc[m][n] += float(a_vals[m]) * b_vals[n]; - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - for (uint m = 0; m < FP8_THREAD_M; m++) { - uint out_row = row_base + m; - if (out_row >= M) continue; - for (uint n = 0; n < FP8_THREAD_N; n++) { - uint out_col = col_base + n; - if (out_col >= N) continue; - float result = acc[m][n]; - if (has_bias) result += float(bias[out_col]); - output[out_row * N + out_col] = half(result); - } - } -} diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/int8_mm.metal b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/int8_mm.metal deleted file mode 100644 index c08d60f..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/int8_mm.metal +++ /dev/null @@ -1,238 +0,0 @@ -// Int8 Matrix Multiplication Kernels for Apple Silicon -// Port of bitsandbytes int8 matmul for MPS -// -// Optimized with: -// - SIMD operations for vectorized int8 loads -// - Larger tiles with register blocking -// - Coalesced memory access patterns -// - Fused dequantization - -#include -using namespace metal; - -// ============================================================================= -// Optimized Int8 MatMul - 32x32 tiles with 4x4 register blocking -// Each thread computes a 4x4 output block -// ============================================================================= - -constant uint TILE_M = 32; -constant uint TILE_N = 32; -constant uint TILE_K = 32; -constant uint THREAD_M = 4; // Each thread computes 4 rows -constant uint THREAD_N = 4; // Each thread computes 4 cols - -kernel void int8_matmul_tiled( - device const char* A [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] int8 - device const char* B [[buffer(1)]], // [K, N] int8 - device int* C [[buffer(2)]], // [M, N] int32 output - constant uint& M [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - // Shared memory for tiles - threadgroup char As[TILE_M][TILE_K + 1]; // +1 to avoid bank conflicts - threadgroup char Bs[TILE_K][TILE_N + 1]; - - // Thread indices within 8x8 threadgroup - const uint tx = tid.x; // 0-7 - const uint ty = tid.y; // 0-7 - - // Global output position for this thread's 4x4 block - const uint row_base = tgid.y * TILE_M + ty * THREAD_M; - const uint col_base = tgid.x * TILE_N + tx * THREAD_N; - - // Accumulator registers - 4x4 block per thread - int acc[THREAD_M][THREAD_N] = {{0}}; - - // Loop over K tiles - for (uint t = 0; t < K; t += TILE_K) { - // Cooperative loading of A tile [TILE_M x TILE_K] - // 64 threads load 32x32 = 1024 elements, so 16 elements per thread - for (uint i = 0; i < (TILE_M * TILE_K) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = (ty * 8 + tx) + i * 64; - uint load_row = flat_idx / TILE_K; - uint load_col = flat_idx % TILE_K; - uint global_row = tgid.y * TILE_M + load_row; - uint global_col = t + load_col; - - if (global_row < M && global_col < K) { - As[load_row][load_col] = A[global_row * K + global_col]; - } else { - As[load_row][load_col] = 0; - } - } - - // Cooperative loading of B tile [TILE_K x TILE_N] - for (uint i = 0; i < (TILE_K * TILE_N) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = (ty * 8 + tx) + i * 64; - uint load_row = flat_idx / TILE_N; - uint load_col = flat_idx % TILE_N; - uint global_row = t + load_row; - uint global_col = tgid.x * TILE_N + load_col; - - if (global_row < K && global_col < N) { - Bs[load_row][load_col] = B[global_row * N + global_col]; - } else { - Bs[load_row][load_col] = 0; - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - // Compute 4x4 output block - for (uint k = 0; k < TILE_K; k++) { - // Load A values for this thread's rows - char a_vals[THREAD_M]; - for (uint m = 0; m < THREAD_M; m++) { - a_vals[m] = As[ty * THREAD_M + m][k]; - } - - // Load B values for this thread's cols - char b_vals[THREAD_N]; - for (uint n = 0; n < THREAD_N; n++) { - b_vals[n] = Bs[k][tx * THREAD_N + n]; - } - - // Accumulate - for (uint m = 0; m < THREAD_M; m++) { - for (uint n = 0; n < THREAD_N; n++) { - acc[m][n] += int(a_vals[m]) * int(b_vals[n]); - } - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - // Write output - for (uint m = 0; m < THREAD_M; m++) { - for (uint n = 0; n < THREAD_N; n++) { - uint out_row = row_base + m; - uint out_col = col_base + n; - if (out_row < M && out_col < N) { - C[out_row * N + out_col] = acc[m][n]; - } - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Fused Int8 MatMul + Dequantize - outputs directly to fp16 -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void int8_matmul_dequant( - device const char* A [[buffer(0)]], - device const char* B [[buffer(1)]], - device half* C [[buffer(2)]], // Direct fp16 output - device const float* A_scales [[buffer(3)]], // [M] - device const float* B_scales [[buffer(4)]], // [N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - threadgroup char As[TILE_M][TILE_K + 1]; - threadgroup char Bs[TILE_K][TILE_N + 1]; - - const uint tx = tid.x; - const uint ty = tid.y; - const uint row_base = tgid.y * TILE_M + ty * THREAD_M; - const uint col_base = tgid.x * TILE_N + tx * THREAD_N; - - int acc[THREAD_M][THREAD_N] = {{0}}; - - for (uint t = 0; t < K; t += TILE_K) { - for (uint i = 0; i < (TILE_M * TILE_K) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = (ty * 8 + tx) + i * 64; - uint load_row = flat_idx / TILE_K; - uint load_col = flat_idx % TILE_K; - uint global_row = tgid.y * TILE_M + load_row; - uint global_col = t + load_col; - - As[load_row][load_col] = (global_row < M && global_col < K) - ? A[global_row * K + global_col] : 0; - } - - for (uint i = 0; i < (TILE_K * TILE_N) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = (ty * 8 + tx) + i * 64; - uint load_row = flat_idx / TILE_N; - uint load_col = flat_idx % TILE_N; - uint global_row = t + load_row; - uint global_col = tgid.x * TILE_N + load_col; - - Bs[load_row][load_col] = (global_row < K && global_col < N) - ? B[global_row * N + global_col] : 0; - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - for (uint k = 0; k < TILE_K; k++) { - char a_vals[THREAD_M]; - char b_vals[THREAD_N]; - - for (uint m = 0; m < THREAD_M; m++) { - a_vals[m] = As[ty * THREAD_M + m][k]; - } - for (uint n = 0; n < THREAD_N; n++) { - b_vals[n] = Bs[k][tx * THREAD_N + n]; - } - - for (uint m = 0; m < THREAD_M; m++) { - for (uint n = 0; n < THREAD_N; n++) { - acc[m][n] += int(a_vals[m]) * int(b_vals[n]); - } - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - // Dequantize and write output - const float inv_127_sq = 1.0f / (127.0f * 127.0f); - - for (uint m = 0; m < THREAD_M; m++) { - uint out_row = row_base + m; - if (out_row >= M) continue; - - float a_scale = A_scales[out_row]; - - for (uint n = 0; n < THREAD_N; n++) { - uint out_col = col_base + n; - if (out_col >= N) continue; - - float b_scale = B_scales[out_col]; - float scale = a_scale * b_scale * inv_127_sq; - float result = float(acc[m][n]) * scale; - - C[out_row * N + out_col] = half(result); - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Dequantization: int32 -> fp16 (standalone version) -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void dequantize_int32_to_fp16( - device const int* input [[buffer(0)]], - device half* output [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* row_scales [[buffer(2)]], - device const float* col_scales [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint row = gid.y; - uint col = gid.x; - - if (row >= M || col >= N) return; - - uint idx = row * N + col; - int int_val = input[idx]; - - float scale = (row_scales[row] * col_scales[col]) / (127.0f * 127.0f); - output[idx] = half(float(int_val) * scale); -} diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/nf4_matmul.metal b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/nf4_matmul.metal deleted file mode 100644 index 1aa2f5a..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/nf4_matmul.metal +++ /dev/null @@ -1,361 +0,0 @@ -// NF4 (4-bit NormalFloat) Quantization Kernels for Apple Silicon -// -// NF4 is a 4-bit data type optimized for normally distributed weights. -// Used by QLoRA for 4x memory reduction with minimal accuracy loss. -// -// Storage format: -// - weight_packed: [out_features, in_features // 2] uint8 (two 4-bit indices per byte) -// - weight_absmax: [out_features, num_blocks] float32 (one scale per block) -// - block_size: typically 64 (elements per block) - -#include -using namespace metal; - -// ============================================================================= -// NF4 Codebook - 16 values optimized for normal distribution -// ============================================================================= - -// NF4 codebook: 16 values optimized for normal distribution (from bitsandbytes) -constant float NF4_CODEBOOK[16] = { - -1.0f, - -0.6961928009986877f, - -0.5250730514526367f, - -0.39491748809814453f, - -0.28444138169288635f, - -0.18477343022823334f, - -0.09105003625154495f, - 0.0f, - 0.07958029955625534f, - 0.16093020141124725f, - 0.24611230194568634f, - 0.33791524171829224f, - 0.44070982933044434f, - 0.5626170039176941f, - 0.7229568362236023f, - 1.0f -}; - -// ============================================================================= -// Helper: Extract 4-bit index from packed byte -// ============================================================================= - -inline uchar extract_nf4_index(uchar packed, uint position) { - // position 0 = low nibble, position 1 = high nibble - return (position == 0) ? (packed & 0x0F) : (packed >> 4); -} - -inline float dequantize_nf4_value(uchar packed, uint position, float absmax) { - uchar idx = extract_nf4_index(packed, position); - return NF4_CODEBOOK[idx] * absmax; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// NF4 MatMul Fused Kernel -// Computes: output = input @ dequantize(weight_packed, weight_absmax).T + bias -// -// input: [M, K] float16 -// weight_packed: [N, K/2] uint8 (packed NF4) -// weight_absmax: [N, num_blocks] float32 where num_blocks = ceil(K / block_size) -// bias: [N] float16 (optional, can be null) -// output: [M, N] float16 -// ============================================================================= - -constant uint NF4_TILE_M = 32; -constant uint NF4_TILE_N = 32; -constant uint NF4_TILE_K = 64; // Match block_size for efficient absmax lookup -constant uint NF4_THREAD_M = 4; -constant uint NF4_THREAD_N = 4; - -kernel void nf4_matmul_fused( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] - device const uchar* weight_packed [[buffer(1)]], // [N, K/2] - device const float* weight_absmax [[buffer(2)]], // [N, num_blocks] - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], // [N] or nullptr - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], // [M, N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(9)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - // Shared memory for tiles - threadgroup half As[NF4_TILE_M][NF4_TILE_K + 1]; // Input tile - threadgroup half Bs[NF4_TILE_K][NF4_TILE_N + 1]; // Dequantized weight tile - - const uint tx = tid.x; // 0-7 - const uint ty = tid.y; // 0-7 - const uint thread_id = ty * 8 + tx; - - const uint row_base = tgid.y * NF4_TILE_M + ty * NF4_THREAD_M; - const uint col_base = tgid.x * NF4_TILE_N + tx * NF4_THREAD_N; - - // Accumulator registers - float acc[NF4_THREAD_M][NF4_THREAD_N] = {{0.0f}}; - - const uint num_blocks = (K + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - // Loop over K tiles - for (uint t = 0; t < K; t += NF4_TILE_K) { - // Cooperative load of input tile A [TILE_M x TILE_K] - // 64 threads load 32x64 = 2048 elements = 32 per thread - for (uint i = 0; i < (NF4_TILE_M * NF4_TILE_K) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 64; - uint load_row = flat_idx / NF4_TILE_K; - uint load_col = flat_idx % NF4_TILE_K; - uint global_row = tgid.y * NF4_TILE_M + load_row; - uint global_col = t + load_col; - - if (global_row < M && global_col < K) { - As[load_row][load_col] = input[global_row * K + global_col]; - } else { - As[load_row][load_col] = half(0.0f); - } - } - - // Cooperative load + dequantize of weight tile B [TILE_K x TILE_N] - // Weight is stored as [N, K/2], we need [K, N] view - // Each thread handles 32 elements - for (uint i = 0; i < (NF4_TILE_K * NF4_TILE_N) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 64; - uint load_k = flat_idx / NF4_TILE_N; // K dimension (row in tile) - uint load_n = flat_idx % NF4_TILE_N; // N dimension (col in tile) - uint global_k = t + load_k; - uint global_n = tgid.x * NF4_TILE_N + load_n; - - if (global_k < K && global_n < N) { - // Weight is [N, K/2] packed, index as weight[n, k/2] - uint packed_idx = global_n * (K / 2) + (global_k / 2); - uchar packed = weight_packed[packed_idx]; - uint position = global_k % 2; - - // Get absmax for this block - uint block_idx = global_k / block_size; - float absmax = weight_absmax[global_n * num_blocks + block_idx]; - - // Dequantize - float dequant = dequantize_nf4_value(packed, position, absmax); - Bs[load_k][load_n] = half(dequant); - } else { - Bs[load_k][load_n] = half(0.0f); - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - // Compute 4x4 output block - for (uint k = 0; k < NF4_TILE_K; k++) { - half a_vals[NF4_THREAD_M]; - half b_vals[NF4_THREAD_N]; - - for (uint m = 0; m < NF4_THREAD_M; m++) { - a_vals[m] = As[ty * NF4_THREAD_M + m][k]; - } - for (uint n = 0; n < NF4_THREAD_N; n++) { - b_vals[n] = Bs[k][tx * NF4_THREAD_N + n]; - } - - for (uint m = 0; m < NF4_THREAD_M; m++) { - for (uint n = 0; n < NF4_THREAD_N; n++) { - acc[m][n] += float(a_vals[m]) * float(b_vals[n]); - } - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - // Write output with optional bias - for (uint m = 0; m < NF4_THREAD_M; m++) { - uint out_row = row_base + m; - if (out_row >= M) continue; - - for (uint n = 0; n < NF4_THREAD_N; n++) { - uint out_col = col_base + n; - if (out_col >= N) continue; - - float result = acc[m][n]; - if (has_bias) { - result += float(bias[out_col]); - } - output[out_row * N + out_col] = half(result); - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// NF4 Quantization Kernel -// Quantizes a float tensor to NF4 format -// -// input: [rows, cols] float16/float32 -// output: [rows, cols/2] uint8 (packed) -// absmax: [rows, num_blocks] float32 -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void nf4_quantize( - device const float* input [[buffer(0)]], // [rows, cols] as float - device uchar* output [[buffer(1)]], // [rows, cols/2] packed - device float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], // [rows, num_blocks] - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - // Each threadgroup handles one row - uint row = tgid.y; - if (row >= rows) return; - - uint num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - uint threads_per_row = 256; // Threadgroup width - uint thread_id = tid.x; - - device const float* row_data = input + row * cols; - device uchar* row_output = output + row * (cols / 2); - device float* row_absmax = absmax + row * num_blocks; - - // Process each block - for (uint block = 0; block < num_blocks; block++) { - uint block_start = block * block_size; - uint block_end = min(block_start + block_size, cols); - uint block_len = block_end - block_start; - - // Step 1: Compute absmax for this block (reduction) - float local_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < block_len; i += threads_per_row) { - float val = row_data[block_start + i]; - local_max = max(local_max, abs(val)); - } - - // SIMD reduction - local_max = simd_max(local_max); - - // Threadgroup reduction using shared memory - threadgroup float shared_max[8]; // 8 simd groups - if (simd_lane == 0) { - shared_max[simd_group] = local_max; - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (thread_id == 0) { - float final_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) { - final_max = max(final_max, shared_max[i]); - } - // Clamp to avoid division by zero - row_absmax[block] = max(final_max, 1e-8f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - float block_absmax = row_absmax[block]; - - // Step 2: Quantize values in this block - // Each thread handles pairs of values (to pack into one byte) - for (uint i = thread_id * 2; i < block_len; i += threads_per_row * 2) { - uint idx0 = block_start + i; - uint idx1 = block_start + i + 1; - - // Normalize to [-1, 1] - float v0 = (idx0 < cols) ? row_data[idx0] / block_absmax : 0.0f; - float v1 = (idx1 < cols) ? row_data[idx1] / block_absmax : 0.0f; - - // Find nearest codebook index (binary search) - uchar q0 = 0, q1 = 0; - - // Brute force nearest neighbor (faster for 16 values) - float best_dist0 = INFINITY, best_dist1 = INFINITY; - for (uchar c = 0; c < 16; c++) { - float dist0 = abs(v0 - NF4_CODEBOOK[c]); - float dist1 = abs(v1 - NF4_CODEBOOK[c]); - if (dist0 < best_dist0) { best_dist0 = dist0; q0 = c; } - if (dist1 < best_dist1) { best_dist1 = dist1; q1 = c; } - } - - // Pack: low nibble = first value, high nibble = second value - uchar packed = q0 | (q1 << 4); - row_output[(idx0 / 2)] = packed; - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// NF4 Dequantization Kernel (standalone) -// Useful for debugging or when full dequantization is needed -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void nf4_dequantize( - device const uchar* packed [[buffer(0)]], // [rows, cols/2] - device const float* absmax [[buffer(1)]], // [rows, num_blocks] - device half* output [[buffer(2)]], // [rows, cols] - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint row = gid.y; - uint col = gid.x; - - if (row >= rows || col >= cols) return; - - uint num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - uint block_idx = col / block_size; - uint packed_idx = row * (cols / 2) + (col / 2); - uint position = col % 2; - - uchar packed_val = packed[packed_idx]; - float scale = absmax[row * num_blocks + block_idx]; - - float dequant = dequantize_nf4_value(packed_val, position, scale); - output[row * cols + col] = half(dequant); -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Simple NF4 Linear (non-tiled, for small matrices or reference) -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void nf4_linear_simple( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] - device const uchar* weight_packed [[buffer(1)]], // [N, K/2] - device const float* weight_absmax [[buffer(2)]], // [N, num_blocks] - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], // [N] - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], // [M, N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(9)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint m = gid.y; - uint n = gid.x; - - if (m >= M || n >= N) return; - - uint num_blocks = (K + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - float acc = 0.0f; - - for (uint k = 0; k < K; k++) { - // Get input value - float in_val = float(input[m * K + k]); - - // Dequantize weight - uint packed_idx = n * (K / 2) + (k / 2); - uchar packed = weight_packed[packed_idx]; - uint position = k % 2; - uint block_idx = k / block_size; - float scale = weight_absmax[n * num_blocks + block_idx]; - float w_val = dequantize_nf4_value(packed, position, scale); - - acc += in_val * w_val; - } - - if (has_bias) { - acc += float(bias[n]); - } - - output[m * N + n] = half(acc); -} diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/__init__.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/__init__.py deleted file mode 100644 index 9542e3e..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/__init__.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -""" -MPS BitsAndBytes - Neural Network Modules - -Quantized linear and embedding layers for memory-efficient inference and training. -""" - -from .linear4bit import Linear4bit -from .linear8bit import Linear8bit -from .linear_fp8 import LinearFP8 -from .embedding import Embedding4bit, Embedding8bit, EmbeddingNF4, EmbeddingFP4 -from .outlier_aware import OutlierAwareLinear -from .switchback import SwitchBackLinear, SwitchBackLinearCallback - -__all__ = [ - # Linear layers - 'Linear4bit', - 'Linear8bit', - 'LinearFP8', - # Advanced linear layers - 'OutlierAwareLinear', - 'SwitchBackLinear', - 'SwitchBackLinearCallback', - # Embedding layers - 'Embedding4bit', - 'Embedding8bit', - 'EmbeddingNF4', - 'EmbeddingFP4', -] diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/embedding.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/embedding.py deleted file mode 100644 index 3eb81ae..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/embedding.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,332 +0,0 @@ -""" -Quantized Embedding layers for MPS - -4-bit and 8-bit embeddings for memory-efficient LLM inference. -Embeddings often account for 10-30% of model size in LLMs. -""" - -import torch -from torch import nn, Tensor -from typing import Optional - -from ..functional import ( - quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4, - quantize_fp4, dequantize_fp4, - quantize_rowwise, dequantize_rowwise, - QuantState, _try_load_native, -) - - -class Embedding4bit(nn.Module): - """ - 4-bit quantized embedding layer. - - Stores embedding weights in NF4 or FP4 format, reducing memory - by ~75% compared to FP16 embeddings. - - Args: - num_embeddings: Size of the vocabulary - embedding_dim: Dimension of embeddings - padding_idx: If specified, entries at this index are zeros - quant_type: Quantization type ('nf4' or 'fp4') - blocksize: Block size for quantization (default: 64) - - Example: - >>> embed = Embedding4bit(50000, 4096) - >>> embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed) - >>> output = embed_4bit(input_ids) - """ - - def __init__( - self, - num_embeddings: int, - embedding_dim: int, - padding_idx: Optional[int] = None, - quant_type: str = 'nf4', - blocksize: int = 64, - device=None, - dtype=torch.float16, - ): - super().__init__() - - if quant_type not in ('nf4', 'fp4'): - raise ValueError(f"quant_type must be 'nf4' or 'fp4', got {quant_type}") - - # Ensure embedding_dim is even for packing - if embedding_dim % 2 != 0: - raise ValueError(f"embedding_dim must be even, got {embedding_dim}") - - self.num_embeddings = num_embeddings - self.embedding_dim = embedding_dim - self.padding_idx = padding_idx - self.quant_type = quant_type - self.blocksize = blocksize - self.dtype = dtype - - num_blocks = (embedding_dim + blocksize - 1) // blocksize - - # Quantized weight storage - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_packed', - torch.zeros(num_embeddings, embedding_dim // 2, dtype=torch.uint8, device=device) - ) - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_absmax', - torch.ones(num_embeddings, num_blocks, dtype=torch.float32, device=device) - ) - - def forward(self, input: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """ - Look up embeddings for input indices. - - Args: - input: Tensor of indices [*, seq_len] - - Returns: - Embedded tensor [*, seq_len, embedding_dim] - """ - flat_input = input.flatten() - - # Try native Metal kernel (single dispatch for all indices) - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and flat_input.device.type == 'mps': - try: - kernel_fn = _C.embedding_4bit_nf4 if self.quant_type == 'nf4' else _C.embedding_4bit_fp4 - output = kernel_fn( - flat_input.int(), - self.weight_packed, - self.weight_absmax, - self.embedding_dim, - self.blocksize, - ) - output_shape = list(input.shape) + [self.embedding_dim] - output = output.view(*output_shape) - if self.padding_idx is not None: - mask = (input == self.padding_idx).unsqueeze(-1) - output = output.masked_fill(mask, 0.0) - return output - except Exception: - pass # Fall through to Python path - - # Python fallback: dequantize unique embeddings one at a time - unique_indices, inverse = flat_input.unique(return_inverse=True) - dequant_fn = dequantize_nf4 if self.quant_type == 'nf4' else dequantize_fp4 - - packed = self.weight_packed[unique_indices] - absmax = self.weight_absmax[unique_indices] - - embeddings_list = [] - for i in range(packed.shape[0]): - quant_state = QuantState( - absmax=absmax[i], - shape=torch.Size([self.embedding_dim]), - blocksize=self.blocksize, - quant_type=self.quant_type, - dtype=self.dtype, - ) - emb = dequant_fn(packed[i], quant_state) - embeddings_list.append(emb) - embeddings = torch.stack(embeddings_list) - - output = embeddings[inverse] - output_shape = list(input.shape) + [self.embedding_dim] - output = output.view(*output_shape) - - if self.padding_idx is not None: - mask = (input == self.padding_idx).unsqueeze(-1) - output = output.masked_fill(mask, 0.0) - - return output - - @classmethod - def from_embedding( - cls, - embedding: nn.Embedding, - quant_type: str = 'nf4', - blocksize: int = 64, - device=None, - ) -> 'Embedding4bit': - """ - Convert a regular nn.Embedding to 4-bit. - - Args: - embedding: Source nn.Embedding layer - quant_type: Quantization type ('nf4' or 'fp4') - blocksize: Block size for quantization - - Returns: - Embedding4bit layer with quantized weights - """ - if device is None: - device = embedding.weight.device - - dtype = embedding.weight.dtype - if dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.bfloat16): - dtype = torch.float16 - - # Handle odd embedding_dim - embedding_dim = embedding.embedding_dim - weight = embedding.weight.data - if embedding_dim % 2 != 0: - embedding_dim = embedding_dim + 1 - weight = torch.nn.functional.pad(weight, (0, 1)) - - layer = cls( - embedding.num_embeddings, - embedding_dim, - padding_idx=embedding.padding_idx, - quant_type=quant_type, - blocksize=blocksize, - device=device, - dtype=dtype, - ) - - # Quantize weights row by row - quantize_fn = quantize_nf4 if quant_type == 'nf4' else quantize_fp4 - weight_device = weight.to(device) - packed_list = [] - absmax_list = [] - for i in range(weight_device.shape[0]): - packed, state = quantize_fn(weight_device[i], blocksize=blocksize) - packed_list.append(packed) - absmax_list.append(state.absmax) - - layer.weight_packed.copy_(torch.stack(packed_list)) - layer.weight_absmax.copy_(torch.stack(absmax_list)) - - return layer - - def extra_repr(self) -> str: - return ( - f'{self.num_embeddings}, {self.embedding_dim}, ' - f'padding_idx={self.padding_idx}, quant_type={self.quant_type}, ' - f'blocksize={self.blocksize}' - ) - - -class Embedding8bit(nn.Module): - """ - 8-bit quantized embedding layer. - - Stores embedding weights in int8 format with row-wise scaling, - reducing memory by ~50% compared to FP16. - - Args: - num_embeddings: Size of the vocabulary - embedding_dim: Dimension of embeddings - padding_idx: If specified, entries at this index are zeros - """ - - def __init__( - self, - num_embeddings: int, - embedding_dim: int, - padding_idx: Optional[int] = None, - device=None, - dtype=torch.float16, - ): - super().__init__() - - self.num_embeddings = num_embeddings - self.embedding_dim = embedding_dim - self.padding_idx = padding_idx - self.dtype = dtype - - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_int8', - torch.zeros(num_embeddings, embedding_dim, dtype=torch.int8, device=device) - ) - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_scales', - torch.ones(num_embeddings, dtype=torch.float32, device=device) - ) - - def forward(self, input: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """Look up embeddings for input indices.""" - flat_input = input.flatten() - - # Try native Metal kernel - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and flat_input.device.type == 'mps': - try: - output = _C.embedding_8bit( - flat_input.int(), - self.weight_int8, - self.weight_scales, - ) - output_shape = list(input.shape) + [self.embedding_dim] - output = output.view(*output_shape) - if self.padding_idx is not None: - mask = (input == self.padding_idx).unsqueeze(-1) - output = output.masked_fill(mask, 0.0) - return output - except Exception: - pass # Fall through to Python path - - # Python fallback - weight_int8 = self.weight_int8[input] - scales = self.weight_scales[input] - output = weight_int8.to(self.dtype) * (scales.unsqueeze(-1) / 127.0).to(self.dtype) - - if self.padding_idx is not None: - mask = (input == self.padding_idx).unsqueeze(-1) - output = output.masked_fill(mask, 0.0) - - return output - - @classmethod - def from_embedding( - cls, - embedding: nn.Embedding, - device=None, - ) -> 'Embedding8bit': - """Convert nn.Embedding to 8-bit.""" - if device is None: - device = embedding.weight.device - - dtype = embedding.weight.dtype - if dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.bfloat16): - dtype = torch.float16 - - layer = cls( - embedding.num_embeddings, - embedding.embedding_dim, - padding_idx=embedding.padding_idx, - device=device, - dtype=dtype, - ) - - # Quantize weights - weight_int8, weight_scales = quantize_rowwise(embedding.weight.data.to(device)) - layer.weight_int8.copy_(weight_int8) - layer.weight_scales.copy_(weight_scales) - - return layer - - def extra_repr(self) -> str: - return f'{self.num_embeddings}, {self.embedding_dim}, padding_idx={self.padding_idx}' - - -# Aliases for specific quant types -class EmbeddingNF4(Embedding4bit): - """4-bit NF4 embedding (alias for Embedding4bit with quant_type='nf4').""" - - def __init__(self, num_embeddings: int, embedding_dim: int, **kwargs): - kwargs['quant_type'] = 'nf4' - super().__init__(num_embeddings, embedding_dim, **kwargs) - - @classmethod - def from_embedding(cls, embedding, blocksize: int = 64, device=None) -> 'EmbeddingNF4': - return super().from_embedding(embedding, quant_type='nf4', blocksize=blocksize, device=device) - - -class EmbeddingFP4(Embedding4bit): - """4-bit FP4 embedding (alias for Embedding4bit with quant_type='fp4').""" - - def __init__(self, num_embeddings: int, embedding_dim: int, **kwargs): - kwargs['quant_type'] = 'fp4' - super().__init__(num_embeddings, embedding_dim, **kwargs) - - @classmethod - def from_embedding(cls, embedding, blocksize: int = 64, device=None) -> 'EmbeddingFP4': - return super().from_embedding(embedding, quant_type='fp4', blocksize=blocksize, device=device) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/linear4bit.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/linear4bit.py deleted file mode 100644 index 3f8f634..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/linear4bit.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,337 +0,0 @@ -""" -Linear4bit - 4-bit NF4/FP4 quantized linear layer for MPS - -Provides ~4x memory reduction compared to FP16 weights with minimal accuracy loss. -Compatible with HuggingFace transformers and QLoRA training. -""" - -import torch -from torch import nn, Tensor -from typing import Optional - -from ..functional import ( - quantize_4bit, dequantize_4bit, matmul_4bit, - QuantState, -) - - -class Linear4bit(nn.Module): - """ - 4-bit quantized linear layer using NF4 (NormalFloat4) quantization. - - NF4 is optimized for normally distributed weights, achieving ~4x memory - reduction compared to FP16 with minimal accuracy loss. This is the same - quantization used by QLoRA. - - Storage format: - - weight: packed uint8 tensor - - weight.quant_state: QuantState with absmax, shape, etc. - - Args: - in_features: Input dimension - out_features: Output dimension - bias: Whether to use bias (default: True) - device: Target device - compute_dtype: Dtype for computation (torch.float16 or torch.bfloat16) - quant_type: Quantization type ('nf4' or 'fp4') - blocksize: Block size for quantization (default: 64) - compress_statistics: Whether to apply double quantization - - Example: - >>> linear = Linear4bit(1024, 4096) - >>> linear.load_from_linear(pretrained_linear) - >>> output = linear(input) - """ - - def __init__( - self, - in_features: int, - out_features: int, - bias: bool = True, - device=None, - compute_dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16, - quant_type: str = 'nf4', - blocksize: int = 64, - compress_statistics: bool = False, - ): - super().__init__() - - if quant_type not in ('nf4', 'fp4'): - raise ValueError(f"quant_type must be 'nf4' or 'fp4', got {quant_type}") - - self.in_features = in_features - self.out_features = out_features - self.compute_dtype = compute_dtype - self.quant_type = quant_type - self.blocksize = blocksize - self.compress_statistics = compress_statistics - - # Calculate packed size - numel = out_features * in_features - padded_numel = ((numel + blocksize - 1) // blocksize) * blocksize - if padded_numel % 2 != 0: - padded_numel += blocksize - packed_size = padded_numel // 2 - - # Quantized weight storage - self.register_buffer( - 'weight', - torch.zeros(packed_size, dtype=torch.uint8, device=device) - ) - - # QuantState will be set during quantization - self.weight_quant_state: Optional[QuantState] = None - - # Optional bias - if bias: - self.bias = nn.Parameter( - torch.zeros(out_features, dtype=compute_dtype, device=device) - ) - else: - self.register_parameter('bias', None) - - def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """ - Forward pass with fused 4-bit dequantization and matmul. - - Args: - x: Input tensor [..., in_features] - - Returns: - Output tensor [..., out_features] - """ - if self.weight_quant_state is None: - raise RuntimeError("Weight not quantized. Call from_linear() or load weights first.") - - # Handle batched input - orig_shape = x.shape - if x.dim() > 2: - x = x.reshape(-1, self.in_features) - - # Fused 4-bit matmul (dequantize + matmul) - output = matmul_4bit(x, self.weight, self.weight_quant_state, self.bias, - compute_dtype=self.compute_dtype) - - # Restore batch dimensions - if len(orig_shape) > 2: - output = output.reshape(*orig_shape[:-1], self.out_features) - - return output - - @classmethod - def from_linear( - cls, - linear: nn.Linear, - device=None, - compute_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype] = None, - quant_type: str = 'nf4', - blocksize: int = 64, - compress_statistics: bool = False, - ) -> 'Linear4bit': - """ - Convert a regular nn.Linear to 4-bit quantized. - - Args: - linear: Source nn.Linear layer - device: Target device (default: same as source) - compute_dtype: Dtype for computation (default: infer from source) - quant_type: Quantization type ('nf4' or 'fp4') - blocksize: Block size for quantization - compress_statistics: Apply double quantization to absmax - - Returns: - Linear4bit layer with quantized weights - - Example: - >>> linear_fp16 = nn.Linear(1024, 4096).half().to('mps') - >>> linear_4bit = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear_fp16) - """ - if device is None: - device = linear.weight.device - - if compute_dtype is None: - if linear.weight.dtype == torch.bfloat16: - compute_dtype = torch.bfloat16 - else: - compute_dtype = torch.float16 - - in_features = linear.in_features - out_features = linear.out_features - - layer = cls( - in_features, - out_features, - bias=linear.bias is not None, - device=device, - compute_dtype=compute_dtype, - quant_type=quant_type, - blocksize=blocksize, - compress_statistics=compress_statistics, - ) - - # Quantize weights using bitsandbytes-compatible API - weight = linear.weight.data.to(device) - weight_packed, quant_state = quantize_4bit( - weight, - blocksize=blocksize, - compress_statistics=compress_statistics, - quant_type=quant_type, - ) - - # Copy quantized weight - layer.weight = layer.weight.new_zeros(weight_packed.numel()) - layer.weight.copy_(weight_packed) - layer.weight_quant_state = quant_state - - # Copy bias - if linear.bias is not None: - layer.bias.data.copy_(linear.bias.data.to(compute_dtype).to(device)) - - return layer - - def dequantize(self) -> Tensor: - """ - Dequantize weights back to floating point. - - Useful for debugging or when full precision is needed temporarily. - - Returns: - Dequantized weight tensor [out_features, in_features] - """ - if self.weight_quant_state is None: - raise RuntimeError("Weight not quantized") - - return dequantize_4bit(self.weight, self.weight_quant_state) - - @property - def quant_state(self): - """Compatibility property for HuggingFace.""" - return self.weight_quant_state - - @property - def device(self) -> torch.device: - """Return the device of the quantized weights. - - This is a convenience property for LoRA adapters and other code - that needs to create tensors on the same device as this layer. - Standard PyTorch uses weight.device, but since our weight is a - buffer (not a parameter), next(module.parameters()) may fail. - - Returns device from weight buffer, or bias parameter if weight - is not yet initialized. - """ - if self.weight is not None and self.weight.numel() > 0: - return self.weight.device - if self.bias is not None: - return self.bias.device - # Fallback to CPU if nothing is initialized - return torch.device('cpu') - - def _apply(self, fn): - """Override _apply to also move quant_state when .to() is called.""" - super()._apply(fn) - # Move quant_state tensors (absmax, code, etc.) to same device - if self.weight_quant_state is not None: - self.weight_quant_state.to(self.weight.device) - return self - - def extra_repr(self) -> str: - return ( - f'in_features={self.in_features}, out_features={self.out_features}, ' - f'bias={self.bias is not None}, quant_type={self.quant_type}, ' - f'blocksize={self.blocksize}' - ) - - def _save_to_state_dict(self, destination, prefix, keep_vars): - """Save quantization state along with weights.""" - super()._save_to_state_dict(destination, prefix, keep_vars) - if self.weight_quant_state is not None: - destination[prefix + 'weight_quant_state'] = self.weight_quant_state.as_dict() - - def _load_from_state_dict(self, state_dict, prefix, local_metadata, strict, missing_keys, unexpected_keys, error_msgs): - """Handle loading from state dict, including conversion from FP16/FP32.""" - import warnings - target_device = self.weight.device - - # Check for quant_state - quant_state_key = prefix + 'weight_quant_state' - if quant_state_key in state_dict: - loaded_state = state_dict.pop(quant_state_key) - - # Validate blocksize matches - loaded_blocksize = loaded_state.get('blocksize', 64) - if loaded_blocksize != self.blocksize: - warnings.warn( - f"Linear4bit blocksize mismatch: layer has blocksize={self.blocksize}, " - f"checkpoint has blocksize={loaded_blocksize}. Using checkpoint blocksize.", - UserWarning - ) - self.blocksize = loaded_blocksize - - # Validate quant_type matches - loaded_quant_type = loaded_state.get('quant_type', 'nf4') - if loaded_quant_type != self.quant_type: - warnings.warn( - f"Linear4bit quant_type mismatch: layer has quant_type='{self.quant_type}', " - f"checkpoint has quant_type='{loaded_quant_type}'. Using checkpoint quant_type.", - UserWarning - ) - self.quant_type = loaded_quant_type - - self.weight_quant_state = QuantState.from_dict( - loaded_state, - device=target_device - ) - - # Check if we're loading from a non-quantized state dict - weight_key = prefix + 'weight' - if weight_key in state_dict: - weight_data = state_dict[weight_key] - - # Move weight to target device if needed - if weight_data.device != target_device: - weight_data = weight_data.to(target_device) - - # If it's a full-precision weight, quantize it - if weight_data.dtype in (torch.float16, torch.float32, torch.bfloat16): - weight_packed, quant_state = quantize_4bit( - weight_data, - blocksize=self.blocksize, - compress_statistics=self.compress_statistics, - quant_type=self.quant_type, - ) - state_dict[weight_key] = weight_packed - self.weight_quant_state = quant_state - else: - # Already quantized, just ensure it's on the right device - state_dict[weight_key] = weight_data - - super()._load_from_state_dict( - state_dict, prefix, local_metadata, strict, - missing_keys, unexpected_keys, error_msgs - ) - - -class Params4bit(nn.Parameter): - """ - Parameter wrapper for 4-bit quantized tensors. - - This is used for compatibility with HuggingFace transformers which - expect weight parameters to have certain attributes. - """ - - def __new__(cls, data=None, requires_grad=False, quant_state=None): - if data is None: - data = torch.empty(0) - instance = torch.Tensor._make_subclass(cls, data, requires_grad) - instance.quant_state = quant_state - return instance - - @property - def shape(self): - # Return logical shape (unpacked) - if hasattr(self, 'quant_state') and self.quant_state is not None: - if isinstance(self.quant_state, QuantState): - return self.quant_state.shape - return self.quant_state.get('shape', super().shape) - return super().shape diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/linear8bit.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/linear8bit.py deleted file mode 100644 index 32beba7..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/linear8bit.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,166 +0,0 @@ -""" -Linear8bit - 8-bit quantized linear layer for MPS - -Provides ~2x memory reduction compared to FP16 weights. -Compatible with QLoRA training on Apple Silicon. -""" - -import torch -from torch import nn, Tensor -from typing import Optional - -from ..functional import quantize_rowwise, dequantize_rowwise - - -class Linear8bit(nn.Module): - """ - 8-bit quantized linear layer for memory-efficient inference and QLoRA training. - - Stores weights in int8 (50% memory savings), dequantizes to fp16/bf16 for - fast AMX-accelerated matmul on Apple Silicon. - - For QLoRA: Add LoRA adapters on top of this layer. The int8 weights - stay frozen while LoRA trains in fp16/bf16. - - Args: - in_features: Input dimension - out_features: Output dimension - bias: Whether to use bias - device: Target device - use_cache: If True, cache dequantized weights (faster but uses more memory) - compute_dtype: Dtype for dequantized weights (torch.float16 or torch.bfloat16) - """ - - def __init__( - self, - in_features: int, - out_features: int, - bias: bool = True, - device=None, - use_cache: bool = True, - compute_dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16, - ): - super().__init__() - self.in_features = in_features - self.out_features = out_features - self.use_cache = use_cache - self.compute_dtype = compute_dtype - - # Quantized weight storage (int8) - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_int8', - torch.zeros(out_features, in_features, dtype=torch.int8, device=device) - ) - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_scales', - torch.ones(out_features, dtype=torch.float32, device=device) - ) - - # Optional bias (stored in compute_dtype) - if bias: - self.bias = nn.Parameter( - torch.zeros(out_features, dtype=compute_dtype, device=device) - ) - else: - self.register_parameter('bias', None) - - # Cache for dequantized weights - self._weight_cache: Optional[Tensor] = None - - def _get_weight(self) -> Tensor: - """Get weight in compute_dtype, using cache if enabled.""" - if self.use_cache and self._weight_cache is not None: - return self._weight_cache - - # Dequantize to compute_dtype - weight = dequantize_rowwise( - self.weight_int8, - self.weight_scales, - dtype=self.compute_dtype - ) - - if self.use_cache: - self._weight_cache = weight - - return weight - - def clear_cache(self): - """Clear the weight cache to free memory.""" - self._weight_cache = None - - def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """ - Forward pass with dequantized weights. - - Args: - x: Input tensor [..., in_features] - - Returns: - Output tensor [..., out_features] - """ - weight = self._get_weight() - return torch.nn.functional.linear(x, weight, self.bias) - - @classmethod - def from_linear( - cls, - linear: nn.Linear, - device=None, - use_cache: bool = True, - compute_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype] = None - ) -> 'Linear8bit': - """ - Convert a regular linear layer to 8-bit. - - Args: - linear: Source nn.Linear layer - device: Target device (default: same as source) - use_cache: Cache dequantized weights for speed - compute_dtype: Dtype for dequantized weights - - Returns: - Linear8bit layer with quantized weights - """ - if device is None: - device = linear.weight.device - - if compute_dtype is None: - if linear.weight.dtype == torch.bfloat16: - compute_dtype = torch.bfloat16 - else: - compute_dtype = torch.float16 - - layer = cls( - linear.in_features, - linear.out_features, - bias=linear.bias is not None, - device=device, - use_cache=use_cache, - compute_dtype=compute_dtype, - ) - - # Quantize weights - weight_int8, weight_scales = quantize_rowwise(linear.weight.data.to(device)) - layer.weight_int8.copy_(weight_int8) - layer.weight_scales.copy_(weight_scales.to(torch.float32)) - - # Copy bias - if linear.bias is not None: - layer.bias.data.copy_(linear.bias.data.to(compute_dtype).to(device)) - - return layer - - @property - def device(self) -> torch.device: - """Return the device of the quantized weights. - - Convenience property for LoRA adapters and other code that needs - to create tensors on the same device as this layer. - """ - return self.weight_int8.device - - def extra_repr(self) -> str: - return ( - f'in_features={self.in_features}, out_features={self.out_features}, ' - f'bias={self.bias is not None}' - ) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/linear_fp8.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/linear_fp8.py deleted file mode 100644 index 1853bfc..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/linear_fp8.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,168 +0,0 @@ -""" -LinearFP8 - 8-bit floating point quantized linear layer for MPS - -FP8 E4M3 provides better precision than INT8 with the same memory footprint. -Range: ±448, suitable for neural network weights. -""" - -import torch -from torch import nn, Tensor -from typing import Optional - -from ..functional import quantize_fp8_e4m3, dequantize_fp8_e4m3, matmul_fp8_e4m3 - - -class LinearFP8(nn.Module): - """ - 8-bit floating point (FP8 E4M3) quantized linear layer. - - FP8 E4M3 format: 1 sign bit, 4 exponent bits, 3 mantissa bits. - Range: ±448, better suited for the distribution of neural network weights - compared to INT8 which has uniform quantization. - - Provides ~2x memory reduction compared to FP16 with better precision - characteristics than INT8 for typical weight distributions. - - Args: - in_features: Input dimension - out_features: Output dimension - bias: Whether to use bias (default: True) - device: Target device - compute_dtype: Dtype for computation (torch.float16 or torch.bfloat16) - - Example: - >>> linear = LinearFP8(1024, 4096) - >>> linear_fp8 = LinearFP8.from_linear(pretrained_linear) - >>> output = linear_fp8(input) - """ - - def __init__( - self, - in_features: int, - out_features: int, - bias: bool = True, - device=None, - compute_dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16, - ): - super().__init__() - self.in_features = in_features - self.out_features = out_features - self.compute_dtype = compute_dtype - - # FP8 quantized weight storage - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_fp8', - torch.zeros(out_features, in_features, dtype=torch.uint8, device=device) - ) - # Row-wise scales for FP8 - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_scales', - torch.ones(out_features, dtype=torch.float32, device=device) - ) - - # Optional bias - if bias: - self.bias = nn.Parameter( - torch.zeros(out_features, dtype=compute_dtype, device=device) - ) - else: - self.register_parameter('bias', None) - - def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """ - Forward pass with fused FP8 dequantization and matmul. - - Args: - x: Input tensor [..., in_features] - - Returns: - Output tensor [..., out_features] - """ - # Handle batched input - orig_shape = x.shape - if x.dim() > 2: - x = x.view(-1, self.in_features) - - # Fused FP8 matmul - output = matmul_fp8_e4m3( - x, - self.weight_fp8, - self.weight_scales, - self.bias, - self.compute_dtype - ) - - # Restore batch dimensions - if len(orig_shape) > 2: - output = output.view(*orig_shape[:-1], self.out_features) - - return output - - @classmethod - def from_linear( - cls, - linear: nn.Linear, - device=None, - compute_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype] = None, - ) -> 'LinearFP8': - """ - Convert a regular nn.Linear to FP8 quantized. - - Args: - linear: Source nn.Linear layer - device: Target device (default: same as source) - compute_dtype: Dtype for computation (default: infer from source) - - Returns: - LinearFP8 layer with quantized weights - - Example: - >>> linear_fp16 = nn.Linear(1024, 4096).half().to('mps') - >>> linear_fp8 = LinearFP8.from_linear(linear_fp16) - """ - if device is None: - device = linear.weight.device - - if compute_dtype is None: - if linear.weight.dtype == torch.bfloat16: - compute_dtype = torch.bfloat16 - else: - compute_dtype = torch.float16 - - layer = cls( - linear.in_features, - linear.out_features, - bias=linear.bias is not None, - device=device, - compute_dtype=compute_dtype, - ) - - # Quantize weights to FP8 - weight_fp8, weight_scales = quantize_fp8_e4m3(linear.weight.data.to(device)) - layer.weight_fp8.copy_(weight_fp8) - layer.weight_scales.copy_(weight_scales) - - # Copy bias - if linear.bias is not None: - layer.bias.data.copy_(linear.bias.data.to(compute_dtype).to(device)) - - return layer - - def dequantize(self) -> Tensor: - """ - Dequantize weights back to floating point. - - Returns: - Dequantized weight tensor [out_features, in_features] - """ - return dequantize_fp8_e4m3( - self.weight_fp8, - self.weight_scales, - self.compute_dtype - ) - - def extra_repr(self) -> str: - return ( - f'in_features={self.in_features}, out_features={self.out_features}, ' - f'bias={self.bias is not None}, quant_type=fp8_e4m3' - ) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/outlier_aware.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/outlier_aware.py deleted file mode 100644 index a04ba5e..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/outlier_aware.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,219 +0,0 @@ -""" -Outlier-aware INT8 Linear layer (LLM.int8()) - -Implements the mixed-precision decomposition from the LLM.int8() paper: -https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.07339 - -Key insight: Large magnitude "outlier" features break INT8 quantization. -Solution: Identify outliers (>threshold) and compute them in FP16, rest in INT8. -""" - -import torch -from torch import nn, Tensor -from typing import Optional, Tuple - -from ..functional import quantize_rowwise, dequantize_rowwise - - -class OutlierAwareLinear(nn.Module): - """ - INT8 Linear with outlier-aware mixed-precision decomposition. - - For inputs with outlier features (magnitude > threshold), those features - are computed in FP16 while the rest use INT8. This enables INT8 inference - for large language models without quality degradation. - - Args: - in_features: Size of input features - out_features: Size of output features - bias: Whether to include a bias term - threshold: Outlier threshold (default: 6.0, from LLM.int8 paper) - compute_dtype: Dtype for FP16 computations - - Example: - >>> linear = nn.Linear(4096, 4096).half().to('mps') - >>> int8_linear = OutlierAwareLinear.from_linear(linear) - >>> output = int8_linear(input) # Automatic outlier handling - """ - - def __init__( - self, - in_features: int, - out_features: int, - bias: bool = True, - threshold: float = 6.0, - compute_dtype=torch.float16, - device=None, - ): - super().__init__() - - self.in_features = in_features - self.out_features = out_features - self.threshold = threshold - self.compute_dtype = compute_dtype - - # INT8 quantized weights - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_int8', - torch.zeros(out_features, in_features, dtype=torch.int8, device=device) - ) - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_scales', - torch.ones(out_features, dtype=torch.float32, device=device) - ) - - # FP16 weights for outlier columns (stored sparsely) - # These are populated during from_linear() based on weight analysis - self.register_buffer( - 'outlier_indices', - torch.tensor([], dtype=torch.long, device=device) - ) - self.register_buffer( - 'outlier_weights', - torch.zeros(out_features, 0, dtype=compute_dtype, device=device) - ) - - if bias: - self.register_buffer( - 'bias', - torch.zeros(out_features, dtype=compute_dtype, device=device) - ) - else: - self.register_buffer('bias', None) - - def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """ - Forward pass with outlier-aware mixed precision. - - Args: - x: Input tensor [..., in_features] - - Returns: - Output tensor [..., out_features] - """ - original_shape = x.shape[:-1] - x = x.view(-1, self.in_features) - - if len(self.outlier_indices) > 0: - # Mixed precision path - output = self._forward_mixed(x) - else: - # Pure INT8 path (no outliers detected) - output = self._forward_int8(x) - - # Reshape and add bias - output = output.view(*original_shape, self.out_features) - - if self.bias is not None: - output = output + self.bias - - return output - - def _forward_int8(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """Pure INT8 forward pass.""" - # Quantize input - x_int8, x_scales = quantize_rowwise(x) - - # INT8 matmul (dequantized for MPS compatibility) - weight_fp = self.weight_int8.to(self.compute_dtype) * (self.weight_scales.unsqueeze(1) / 127.0).to(self.compute_dtype) - x_fp = x_int8.to(self.compute_dtype) * (x_scales.unsqueeze(1) / 127.0).to(self.compute_dtype) - - return torch.mm(x_fp, weight_fp.t()) - - def _forward_mixed(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """Mixed precision forward with outlier decomposition.""" - # Create mask for non-outlier columns - non_outlier_mask = torch.ones(self.in_features, dtype=torch.bool, device=x.device) - non_outlier_mask[self.outlier_indices] = False - - # Split input into outlier and non-outlier parts - x_main = x[:, non_outlier_mask] - x_outlier = x[:, self.outlier_indices] - - # INT8 computation for main features - x_main_int8, x_main_scales = quantize_rowwise(x_main) - - # Get non-outlier weights - weight_main_int8 = self.weight_int8[:, non_outlier_mask] - weight_main_fp = weight_main_int8.to(self.compute_dtype) * (self.weight_scales.unsqueeze(1) / 127.0).to(self.compute_dtype) - x_main_fp = x_main_int8.to(self.compute_dtype) * (x_main_scales.unsqueeze(1) / 127.0).to(self.compute_dtype) - - output_main = torch.mm(x_main_fp, weight_main_fp.t()) - - # FP16 computation for outlier features - output_outlier = torch.mm(x_outlier.to(self.compute_dtype), self.outlier_weights.t()) - - return output_main + output_outlier - - @classmethod - def from_linear( - cls, - linear: nn.Linear, - threshold: float = 6.0, - device=None, - ) -> 'OutlierAwareLinear': - """ - Convert nn.Linear to outlier-aware INT8. - - Analyzes weights to identify outlier columns and stores them in FP16. - - Args: - linear: Source nn.Linear layer - threshold: Outlier threshold (features with magnitude > threshold) - device: Target device - - Returns: - OutlierAwareLinear with mixed-precision weights - """ - if device is None: - device = linear.weight.device - - dtype = linear.weight.dtype - if dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.bfloat16): - dtype = torch.float16 - - layer = cls( - linear.in_features, - linear.out_features, - bias=linear.bias is not None, - threshold=threshold, - compute_dtype=dtype, - device=device, - ) - - weight = linear.weight.data.to(device) - - # Identify outlier columns based on weight magnitude - # Outliers are columns where any weight exceeds threshold * mean_abs - col_max = weight.abs().max(dim=0).values - mean_abs = weight.abs().mean() - outlier_mask = col_max > (threshold * mean_abs) - outlier_indices = torch.where(outlier_mask)[0] - - if len(outlier_indices) > 0: - # Store outlier weights in FP16 - layer.outlier_indices = outlier_indices - layer.outlier_weights = weight[:, outlier_indices].to(dtype) - - # Zero out outlier columns before INT8 quantization - weight_for_int8 = weight.clone() - weight_for_int8[:, outlier_indices] = 0 - else: - weight_for_int8 = weight - - # Quantize remaining weights to INT8 - weight_int8, weight_scales = quantize_rowwise(weight_for_int8) - layer.weight_int8.copy_(weight_int8) - layer.weight_scales.copy_(weight_scales) - - if linear.bias is not None: - layer.bias.copy_(linear.bias.data.to(dtype)) - - return layer - - def extra_repr(self) -> str: - return ( - f'in_features={self.in_features}, out_features={self.out_features}, ' - f'bias={self.bias is not None}, threshold={self.threshold}, ' - f'outliers={len(self.outlier_indices)}' - ) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/switchback.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/switchback.py deleted file mode 100644 index 53ab0b6..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/switchback.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,260 +0,0 @@ -""" -SwitchBack Linear layer for efficient INT8 training - -Implements switchback quantization where: -- Forward pass: INT8 weights, FP16 activations -- Backward pass: FP16 weights (for gradient computation) - -This allows memory-efficient forward pass while maintaining training stability. -Reference: https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.13013 -""" - -import torch -from torch import nn, Tensor -from torch.autograd import Function -from typing import Optional, Tuple, Any - -from ..functional import quantize_rowwise, dequantize_rowwise - - -class SwitchBackFunction(Function): - """ - Autograd function for switchback linear. - - Forward: Uses INT8 weights - Backward: Uses FP16 weights for accurate gradients - """ - - @staticmethod - def forward( - ctx, - input: Tensor, - weight_int8: Tensor, - weight_scales: Tensor, - weight_fp: Tensor, - bias: Optional[Tensor], - ) -> Tensor: - """ - Forward pass using INT8 weights. - - Args: - input: Input tensor [batch, in_features] - weight_int8: INT8 quantized weights [out, in] - weight_scales: Per-row scales [out] - weight_fp: FP16 weights for backward [out, in] - bias: Optional bias [out] - - Returns: - Output tensor [batch, out_features] - """ - # Save for backward - ctx.save_for_backward(input, weight_fp, bias) - - # Dequantize INT8 weights for matmul - dtype = input.dtype - weight_dequant = weight_int8.to(dtype) * (weight_scales.unsqueeze(1) / 127.0).to(dtype) - - # Forward matmul - output = torch.mm(input.view(-1, input.size(-1)), weight_dequant.t()) - - if bias is not None: - output = output + bias - - return output.view(*input.shape[:-1], -1) - - @staticmethod - def backward(ctx, grad_output: Tensor) -> Tuple[Optional[Tensor], ...]: - """ - Backward pass using FP16 weights for accurate gradients. - """ - input, weight_fp, bias = ctx.saved_tensors - - grad_input = grad_weight = grad_bias = None - grad_output_2d = grad_output.view(-1, grad_output.size(-1)) - input_2d = input.view(-1, input.size(-1)) - - # Gradient w.r.t. input (uses FP16 weights) - if ctx.needs_input_grad[0]: - grad_input = torch.mm(grad_output_2d, weight_fp) - grad_input = grad_input.view_as(input) - - # Gradient w.r.t. weight (for the FP16 copy) - if ctx.needs_input_grad[3]: - grad_weight = torch.mm(grad_output_2d.t(), input_2d) - - # Gradient w.r.t. bias - if bias is not None and ctx.needs_input_grad[4]: - grad_bias = grad_output_2d.sum(0) - - return grad_input, None, None, grad_weight, grad_bias - - -class SwitchBackLinear(nn.Module): - """ - Linear layer with switchback INT8/FP16 for efficient training. - - During forward pass, uses INT8 quantized weights for memory efficiency. - During backward pass, uses FP16 weights for accurate gradient computation. - - This provides ~2x memory savings during forward pass while maintaining - training quality similar to full FP16. - - Args: - in_features: Size of input features - out_features: Size of output features - bias: Whether to include a bias term - compute_dtype: Dtype for computations (default: float16) - - Example: - >>> linear = nn.Linear(4096, 4096).half().to('mps') - >>> sb_linear = SwitchBackLinear.from_linear(linear) - >>> output = sb_linear(input) # INT8 forward - >>> loss.backward() # FP16 backward - """ - - def __init__( - self, - in_features: int, - out_features: int, - bias: bool = True, - compute_dtype=torch.float16, - device=None, - ): - super().__init__() - - self.in_features = in_features - self.out_features = out_features - self.compute_dtype = compute_dtype - - # INT8 quantized weights (for forward) - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_int8', - torch.zeros(out_features, in_features, dtype=torch.int8, device=device) - ) - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_scales', - torch.ones(out_features, dtype=torch.float32, device=device) - ) - - # FP16 weights (for backward, trainable) - self.weight_fp = nn.Parameter( - torch.zeros(out_features, in_features, dtype=compute_dtype, device=device) - ) - - if bias: - self.bias = nn.Parameter( - torch.zeros(out_features, dtype=compute_dtype, device=device) - ) - else: - self.register_parameter('bias', None) - - self._update_int8_pending = False - - def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """ - Forward pass using INT8 weights. - - Args: - x: Input tensor [..., in_features] - - Returns: - Output tensor [..., out_features] - """ - # Update INT8 weights if FP16 weights changed (after optimizer step) - if self.training and self._update_int8_pending: - self._update_int8_weights() - self._update_int8_pending = False - - return SwitchBackFunction.apply( - x, self.weight_int8, self.weight_scales, self.weight_fp, self.bias - ) - - def _update_int8_weights(self): - """Re-quantize INT8 weights from FP16.""" - with torch.no_grad(): - weight_int8, weight_scales = quantize_rowwise(self.weight_fp.data) - self.weight_int8.copy_(weight_int8) - self.weight_scales.copy_(weight_scales) - - def sync_weights(self): - """ - Manually sync INT8 weights from FP16. - - Call this after optimizer.step() to update the INT8 weights - used in the forward pass. - """ - self._update_int8_weights() - - @classmethod - def from_linear( - cls, - linear: nn.Linear, - device=None, - ) -> 'SwitchBackLinear': - """ - Convert nn.Linear to SwitchBackLinear. - - Args: - linear: Source nn.Linear layer - device: Target device - - Returns: - SwitchBackLinear with quantized weights - """ - if device is None: - device = linear.weight.device - - dtype = linear.weight.dtype - if dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.bfloat16): - dtype = torch.float16 - - layer = cls( - linear.in_features, - linear.out_features, - bias=linear.bias is not None, - compute_dtype=dtype, - device=device, - ) - - # Copy FP16 weights - layer.weight_fp.data.copy_(linear.weight.data.to(dtype)) - - # Quantize to INT8 - weight_int8, weight_scales = quantize_rowwise(linear.weight.data.to(device)) - layer.weight_int8.copy_(weight_int8) - layer.weight_scales.copy_(weight_scales) - - if linear.bias is not None: - layer.bias.data.copy_(linear.bias.data.to(dtype)) - - return layer - - def extra_repr(self) -> str: - return ( - f'in_features={self.in_features}, out_features={self.out_features}, ' - f'bias={self.bias is not None}' - ) - - -class SwitchBackLinearCallback: - """ - Callback to sync INT8 weights after optimizer step. - - Usage: - >>> callback = SwitchBackLinearCallback(model) - >>> for epoch in range(epochs): - ... loss.backward() - ... optimizer.step() - ... callback.sync() # Update INT8 weights - """ - - def __init__(self, model: nn.Module): - self.switchback_layers = [] - for module in model.modules(): - if isinstance(module, SwitchBackLinear): - self.switchback_layers.append(module) - - def sync(self): - """Sync all SwitchBackLinear layers.""" - for layer in self.switchback_layers: - layer.sync_weights() diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/__init__.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/__init__.py deleted file mode 100644 index fc844e8..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/__init__.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -""" -MPS BitsAndBytes - 8-bit and Paged Optimizers - -Memory-efficient optimizers for training on Apple Silicon. - -8-bit optimizers store momentum/variance in int8, saving ~75% memory. -Paged optimizers offload states to CPU, enabling larger model training. -""" - -from .adam8bit import ( - Adam8bit, AdamW8bit, - quantize_state, dequantize_state, - quantize_state_unsigned, dequantize_state_unsigned, -) -from .lion8bit import Lion8bit -from .sgd8bit import SGD8bit -from .paged import PagedAdam, PagedAdamW, PagedLion - -__all__ = [ - # 8-bit optimizers - 'Adam8bit', - 'AdamW8bit', - 'Lion8bit', - 'SGD8bit', - # Paged optimizers - 'PagedAdam', - 'PagedAdamW', - 'PagedLion', - # Utilities - 'quantize_state', - 'dequantize_state', -] diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/adam8bit.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/adam8bit.py deleted file mode 100644 index 3999a49..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/adam8bit.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,428 +0,0 @@ -""" -8-bit Adam and AdamW optimizers for MPS - -Stores optimizer states (m, v) in 8-bit, reducing optimizer memory by ~75%. -Uses dynamic quantization with blockwise scaling for accuracy. -""" - -import torch -from torch.optim import Optimizer -from typing import Tuple, Optional, Callable -import threading -import warnings - -from ..functional import _try_load_native - - -def quantize_state(state: torch.Tensor, block_size: int = 256) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]: - """Quantize optimizer state to int8 with blockwise scaling.""" - orig_shape = state.shape - state_flat = state.flatten().float() - - # Pad to block_size multiple - numel = state_flat.numel() - padded_numel = ((numel + block_size - 1) // block_size) * block_size - if padded_numel > numel: - state_flat = torch.nn.functional.pad(state_flat, (0, padded_numel - numel)) - - # Reshape to blocks - state_blocks = state_flat.view(-1, block_size) - - # Compute absmax per block - absmax = state_blocks.abs().max(dim=1).values.clamp(min=1e-8) - - # Quantize to int8 - state_normalized = state_blocks / absmax.unsqueeze(1) - state_int8 = (state_normalized * 127).round().clamp(-127, 127).to(torch.int8) - - return state_int8.flatten()[:numel].view(orig_shape), absmax - - -def dequantize_state(state_int8: torch.Tensor, absmax: torch.Tensor, - block_size: int = 256, dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float32) -> torch.Tensor: - """Dequantize int8 optimizer state back to float.""" - orig_shape = state_int8.shape - state_flat = state_int8.flatten().float() - - # Pad to block_size multiple - numel = state_flat.numel() - padded_numel = ((numel + block_size - 1) // block_size) * block_size - if padded_numel > numel: - state_flat = torch.nn.functional.pad(state_flat, (0, padded_numel - numel)) - - # Reshape and dequantize - state_blocks = state_flat.view(-1, block_size) - state_dequant = (state_blocks / 127.0) * absmax.unsqueeze(1) - - return state_dequant.flatten()[:numel].view(orig_shape).to(dtype) - - -def quantize_state_unsigned(state: torch.Tensor, block_size: int = 256, - warn_on_negative: bool = False) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]: - """ - Quantize non-negative state (like exp_avg_sq) to uint8 with dynamic exponent. - - Uses log-linear quantization to preserve small values that matter for Adam's - denominator. Stores (max_val, min_nonzero) per block to reconstruct values. - - Args: - state: Input tensor (expected to be non-negative) - block_size: Quantization block size - warn_on_negative: If True, warn when negative values are clamped - """ - orig_shape = state.shape - state_flat = state.flatten().float() - - # Check for negative values and warn if requested - if warn_on_negative: - neg_count = (state_flat < 0).sum().item() - if neg_count > 0: - warnings.warn( - f"quantize_state_unsigned: {neg_count} negative values clamped to 0. " - f"This may indicate an issue with the optimizer state.", - UserWarning, - stacklevel=2 - ) - - state_flat = state_flat.clamp(min=0) - - # Pad to block_size multiple - numel = state_flat.numel() - padded_numel = ((numel + block_size - 1) // block_size) * block_size - if padded_numel > numel: - state_flat = torch.nn.functional.pad(state_flat, (0, padded_numel - numel)) - - # Reshape to blocks - state_blocks = state_flat.view(-1, block_size) - - # Per-block: store max value and use sqrt scaling to compress dynamic range - # sqrt(x) compresses [0, 1e-4] to [0, 0.01] - much better for quantization - block_max = state_blocks.max(dim=1).values.clamp(min=1e-12) - - # Normalize and take sqrt to compress dynamic range - state_normalized = state_blocks / block_max.unsqueeze(1) - state_sqrt = state_normalized.sqrt() # [0,1] -> [0,1] but small values become larger - - # Quantize sqrt values to uint8 - state_uint8 = (state_sqrt * 255).round().clamp(0, 255).to(torch.uint8) - - return state_uint8.flatten()[:numel].view(orig_shape), block_max - - -def dequantize_state_unsigned(state_uint8: torch.Tensor, block_max: torch.Tensor, - block_size: int = 256, dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float32) -> torch.Tensor: - """Dequantize uint8 state back to float, reversing sqrt compression.""" - orig_shape = state_uint8.shape - state_flat = state_uint8.flatten().float() - - # Pad to block_size multiple - numel = state_flat.numel() - padded_numel = ((numel + block_size - 1) // block_size) * block_size - if padded_numel > numel: - state_flat = torch.nn.functional.pad(state_flat, (0, padded_numel - numel)) - - # Reshape and dequantize - state_blocks = state_flat.view(-1, block_size) - - # Reverse: uint8 -> [0,1] sqrt -> square -> scale by max - state_sqrt = state_blocks / 255.0 - state_normalized = state_sqrt * state_sqrt # square to reverse sqrt - state_dequant = state_normalized * block_max.unsqueeze(1) - - return state_dequant.flatten()[:numel].view(orig_shape).to(dtype) - - -class Adam8bit(Optimizer): - """ - 8-bit Adam optimizer with blockwise quantization. - - Stores first moment (m) and second moment (v) in int8 format, - reducing optimizer memory by ~75% compared to standard Adam. - - Args: - params: Iterable of parameters to optimize - lr: Learning rate (default: 1e-3) - betas: Coefficients for computing running averages (default: (0.9, 0.999)) - eps: Term added to denominator for numerical stability (default: 1e-8) - weight_decay: Weight decay (L2 penalty) (default: 0) - block_size: Block size for quantization (default: 256) - - Example: - >>> model = MyModel().to('mps') - >>> optimizer = Adam8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) - >>> for data, target in dataloader: - ... optimizer.zero_grad() - ... loss = criterion(model(data), target) - ... loss.backward() - ... optimizer.step() - """ - - def __init__( - self, - params, - lr: float = 1e-3, - betas: Tuple[float, float] = (0.9, 0.999), - eps: float = 1e-8, - weight_decay: float = 0, - block_size: int = 256, - max_grad_norm: Optional[float] = None, - ): - if lr < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid learning rate: {lr}") - if eps < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid epsilon: {eps}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[0] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta1: {betas[0]}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[1] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta2: {betas[1]}") - if weight_decay < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid weight_decay: {weight_decay}") - if max_grad_norm is not None and max_grad_norm <= 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid max_grad_norm: {max_grad_norm}") - - defaults = dict(lr=lr, betas=betas, eps=eps, weight_decay=weight_decay, - block_size=block_size, max_grad_norm=max_grad_norm) - super().__init__(params, defaults) - self._state_init_lock = threading.Lock() - - @torch.no_grad() - def step(self, closure: Optional[Callable] = None): - """Performs a single optimization step.""" - loss = None - if closure is not None: - with torch.enable_grad(): - loss = closure() - - for group in self.param_groups: - beta1, beta2 = group['betas'] - max_grad_norm = group.get('max_grad_norm') - - # Optional gradient clipping - if max_grad_norm is not None: - params_with_grad = [p for p in group['params'] if p.grad is not None] - if params_with_grad: - torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(params_with_grad, max_grad_norm) - block_size = group['block_size'] - - for p in group['params']: - if p.grad is None: - continue - - grad = p.grad - if grad.is_sparse: - raise RuntimeError("Adam8bit does not support sparse gradients") - - state = self.state[p] - - # State initialization (thread-safe) - if len(state) == 0: - with self._state_init_lock: - # Double-check after acquiring lock - if len(state) == 0: - state['step'] = 0 - # Initialize in 8-bit (exp_avg uses signed, exp_avg_sq uses unsigned) - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'] = quantize_state( - torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format), - block_size - ) - state['exp_avg_sq_uint8'], state['exp_avg_sq_max'] = quantize_state_unsigned( - torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format), - block_size - ) - - state['step'] += 1 - - # Try native Metal kernel - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and p.device.type == 'mps' and p.dtype == torch.float16: - try: - _C.adam8bit_step( - p.data, grad, - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'], - state['exp_avg_sq_uint8'], state['exp_avg_sq_max'], - beta1, beta2, group['eps'], group['lr'], - group['weight_decay'], state['step'], block_size, - False, # is_adamw=False for Adam - ) - continue - except Exception: - pass # Fall through to Python path - - # Python fallback - exp_avg = dequantize_state( - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'], - block_size, torch.float32 - ) - exp_avg_sq = dequantize_state_unsigned( - state['exp_avg_sq_uint8'], state['exp_avg_sq_max'], - block_size, torch.float32 - ) - - # Weight decay - grad_fp32 = grad.float() - if group['weight_decay'] != 0: - grad_fp32 = grad_fp32.add(p.float(), alpha=group['weight_decay']) - - # Update biased first moment estimate - exp_avg.mul_(beta1).add_(grad_fp32, alpha=1 - beta1) - # Update biased second raw moment estimate - exp_avg_sq.mul_(beta2).addcmul_(grad_fp32, grad_fp32, value=1 - beta2) - - # Bias correction - bias_correction1 = 1 - beta1 ** state['step'] - bias_correction2 = 1 - beta2 ** state['step'] - - # Compute step (in FP32 for numerical stability) - step_size = group['lr'] / bias_correction1 - denom = (exp_avg_sq.sqrt() / (bias_correction2 ** 0.5)).add_(group['eps']) - update = exp_avg / denom * (-step_size) - p.add_(update.to(p.dtype)) - - # Requantize states - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'] = quantize_state(exp_avg, block_size) - state['exp_avg_sq_uint8'], state['exp_avg_sq_max'] = quantize_state_unsigned(exp_avg_sq, block_size) - - return loss - - -class AdamW8bit(Optimizer): - """ - 8-bit AdamW optimizer with decoupled weight decay. - - Like Adam8bit but with decoupled weight decay regularization - as described in "Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization". - - Args: - params: Iterable of parameters to optimize - lr: Learning rate (default: 1e-3) - betas: Coefficients for computing running averages (default: (0.9, 0.999)) - eps: Term added to denominator for numerical stability (default: 1e-8) - weight_decay: Weight decay coefficient (default: 1e-2) - block_size: Block size for quantization (default: 256) - """ - - def __init__( - self, - params, - lr: float = 1e-3, - betas: Tuple[float, float] = (0.9, 0.999), - eps: float = 1e-8, - weight_decay: float = 1e-2, - block_size: int = 256, - max_grad_norm: Optional[float] = None, - ): - if lr < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid learning rate: {lr}") - if eps < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid epsilon: {eps}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[0] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta1: {betas[0]}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[1] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta2: {betas[1]}") - if weight_decay < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid weight_decay: {weight_decay}") - if max_grad_norm is not None and max_grad_norm <= 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid max_grad_norm: {max_grad_norm}") - - defaults = dict(lr=lr, betas=betas, eps=eps, weight_decay=weight_decay, - block_size=block_size, max_grad_norm=max_grad_norm) - super().__init__(params, defaults) - self._state_init_lock = threading.Lock() - - @torch.no_grad() - def step(self, closure: Optional[Callable] = None): - """Performs a single optimization step.""" - loss = None - if closure is not None: - with torch.enable_grad(): - loss = closure() - - for group in self.param_groups: - beta1, beta2 = group['betas'] - block_size = group['block_size'] - max_grad_norm = group.get('max_grad_norm') - - # Optional gradient clipping - if max_grad_norm is not None: - params_with_grad = [p for p in group['params'] if p.grad is not None] - if params_with_grad: - torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(params_with_grad, max_grad_norm) - - for p in group['params']: - if p.grad is None: - continue - - grad = p.grad - if grad.is_sparse: - raise RuntimeError("AdamW8bit does not support sparse gradients") - - state = self.state[p] - - # State initialization (thread-safe) - if len(state) == 0: - with self._state_init_lock: - # Double-check after acquiring lock - if len(state) == 0: - state['step'] = 0 - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'] = quantize_state( - torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format), - block_size - ) - state['exp_avg_sq_uint8'], state['exp_avg_sq_max'] = quantize_state_unsigned( - torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format), - block_size - ) - - state['step'] += 1 - - # Try native Metal kernel - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and p.device.type == 'mps' and p.dtype == torch.float16: - try: - _C.adam8bit_step( - p.data, grad, - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'], - state['exp_avg_sq_uint8'], state['exp_avg_sq_max'], - beta1, beta2, group['eps'], group['lr'], - group['weight_decay'], state['step'], block_size, - True, # is_adamw=True for AdamW - ) - continue - except Exception: - pass # Fall through to Python path - - # Python fallback - exp_avg = dequantize_state( - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'], - block_size, torch.float32 - ) - exp_avg_sq = dequantize_state_unsigned( - state['exp_avg_sq_uint8'], state['exp_avg_sq_max'], - block_size, torch.float32 - ) - - # Decoupled weight decay - if group['weight_decay'] != 0: - p.mul_(1 - group['lr'] * group['weight_decay']) - - # Update biased first moment estimate - grad_fp32 = grad.float() - exp_avg.mul_(beta1).add_(grad_fp32, alpha=1 - beta1) - # Update biased second raw moment estimate - exp_avg_sq.mul_(beta2).addcmul_(grad_fp32, grad_fp32, value=1 - beta2) - - # Bias correction - bias_correction1 = 1 - beta1 ** state['step'] - bias_correction2 = 1 - beta2 ** state['step'] - - # Compute step (in FP32 for numerical stability) - step_size = group['lr'] / bias_correction1 - denom = (exp_avg_sq.sqrt() / (bias_correction2 ** 0.5)).add_(group['eps']) - update = exp_avg / denom * (-step_size) - p.add_(update.to(p.dtype)) - - # Requantize states - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'] = quantize_state(exp_avg, block_size) - state['exp_avg_sq_uint8'], state['exp_avg_sq_max'] = quantize_state_unsigned(exp_avg_sq, block_size) - - return loss diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/lion8bit.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/lion8bit.py deleted file mode 100644 index 421669b..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/lion8bit.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,121 +0,0 @@ -""" -8-bit Lion optimizer for MPS - -Lion (Evolved Sign Momentum) uses only sign operations, making it -naturally suited for 8-bit quantization with minimal accuracy loss. -""" - -import torch -from torch.optim import Optimizer -from typing import Tuple, Optional, Callable - -from .adam8bit import quantize_state, dequantize_state -from ..functional import _try_load_native - - -class Lion8bit(Optimizer): - """ - 8-bit Lion optimizer with blockwise quantization. - - Lion uses sign-based updates which are robust to quantization. - Only stores one momentum state (vs two for Adam), so memory - savings are even more significant. - - Args: - params: Iterable of parameters to optimize - lr: Learning rate (default: 1e-4) - betas: Coefficients for computing running averages (default: (0.9, 0.99)) - weight_decay: Weight decay coefficient (default: 0) - block_size: Block size for quantization (default: 256) - - Reference: - "Symbolic Discovery of Optimization Algorithms" - https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.06675 - """ - - def __init__( - self, - params, - lr: float = 1e-4, - betas: Tuple[float, float] = (0.9, 0.99), - weight_decay: float = 0, - block_size: int = 256, - ): - if lr < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid learning rate: {lr}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[0] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta1: {betas[0]}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[1] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta2: {betas[1]}") - if weight_decay < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid weight_decay: {weight_decay}") - - defaults = dict(lr=lr, betas=betas, weight_decay=weight_decay, - block_size=block_size) - super().__init__(params, defaults) - - @torch.no_grad() - def step(self, closure: Optional[Callable] = None): - """Performs a single optimization step.""" - loss = None - if closure is not None: - with torch.enable_grad(): - loss = closure() - - for group in self.param_groups: - beta1, beta2 = group['betas'] - block_size = group['block_size'] - - for p in group['params']: - if p.grad is None: - continue - - grad = p.grad - if grad.is_sparse: - raise RuntimeError("Lion8bit does not support sparse gradients") - - state = self.state[p] - - # State initialization - if len(state) == 0: - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'] = quantize_state( - torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format), - block_size - ) - - # Try native Metal kernel - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and p.device.type == 'mps' and p.dtype == torch.float16: - try: - _C.lion8bit_step( - p.data, grad, - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'], - beta1, beta2, group['lr'], - group['weight_decay'], block_size, - ) - continue - except Exception: - pass # Fall through to Python path - - # Python fallback - exp_avg = dequantize_state( - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'], - block_size, torch.float32 - ) - - # Weight decay - if group['weight_decay'] != 0: - p.mul_(1 - group['lr'] * group['weight_decay']) - - # Lion update: use sign of interpolation - grad_fp32 = grad.float() - update = exp_avg.mul(beta1).add(grad_fp32, alpha=1 - beta1) - p.add_(update.sign().to(p.dtype), alpha=-group['lr']) - - # Update momentum for next step - exp_avg.mul_(beta2).add_(grad_fp32, alpha=1 - beta2) - - # Requantize - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'] = quantize_state(exp_avg, block_size) - - return loss diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/paged.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/paged.py deleted file mode 100644 index d67cfe2..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/paged.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,436 +0,0 @@ -""" -Paged optimizers for MPS - -Offload optimizer states to CPU memory when not in use, enabling training -of larger models by trading compute for memory. -""" - -import torch -from torch.optim import Optimizer -from typing import Tuple, Optional, Callable, Dict, Any, List - - -class PagedAdamW(Optimizer): - """ - Paged AdamW optimizer that offloads states to CPU. - - Optimizer states (m, v) are stored on CPU and moved to GPU only - during the step. This allows training larger models at the cost - of CPU-GPU transfer overhead. - - Args: - params: Iterable of parameters to optimize - lr: Learning rate (default: 1e-3) - betas: Coefficients for computing running averages (default: (0.9, 0.999)) - eps: Term added to denominator for numerical stability (default: 1e-8) - weight_decay: Weight decay coefficient (default: 1e-2) - page_to_cpu: Whether to offload states to CPU (default: True) - - Example: - >>> # Train a model larger than GPU memory - >>> model = LargeModel().to('mps') - >>> optimizer = PagedAdamW(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) - """ - - def __init__( - self, - params, - lr: float = 1e-3, - betas: Tuple[float, float] = (0.9, 0.999), - eps: float = 1e-8, - weight_decay: float = 1e-2, - page_to_cpu: bool = True, - ): - if lr < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid learning rate: {lr}") - if eps < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid epsilon: {eps}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[0] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta1: {betas[0]}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[1] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta2: {betas[1]}") - if weight_decay < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid weight_decay: {weight_decay}") - - defaults = dict(lr=lr, betas=betas, eps=eps, weight_decay=weight_decay, - page_to_cpu=page_to_cpu) - super().__init__(params, defaults) - self._pending_sync = False - - def synchronize(self): - """Ensure all async transfers are complete. Call before accessing state.""" - if self._pending_sync: - torch.mps.synchronize() - self._pending_sync = False - - def __del__(self): - """Ensure sync on cleanup to prevent crashes.""" - if hasattr(self, '_pending_sync') and self._pending_sync: - try: - torch.mps.synchronize() - except Exception: - pass # Ignore errors during cleanup - - @torch.no_grad() - def step(self, closure: Optional[Callable] = None): - """Performs a single optimization step with async prefetching.""" - loss = None - if closure is not None: - with torch.enable_grad(): - loss = closure() - - # Sync from previous step's async page-out (lazy sync) - if self._pending_sync: - torch.mps.synchronize() - self._pending_sync = False - - has_mps_params = False - - for group in self.param_groups: - beta1, beta2 = group['betas'] - page_to_cpu = group['page_to_cpu'] - - # Collect params needing steps for prefetch optimization - params_with_grad = [p for p in group['params'] if p.grad is not None] - if not params_with_grad: - continue - - # Batch small params (numel < 32768) for efficient transfer - small_params: List[torch.Tensor] = [] - large_params: List[torch.Tensor] = [] - for p in params_with_grad: - if p.numel() < 32768: - small_params.append(p) - else: - large_params.append(p) - - # Prefetch first large param's states - prefetched_states: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None - if page_to_cpu and large_params: - state = self.state[large_params[0]] - if len(state) > 0: - prefetched_states = { - 'exp_avg': state['exp_avg'].to(large_params[0].device, non_blocking=True), - 'exp_avg_sq': state['exp_avg_sq'].to(large_params[0].device, non_blocking=True), - 'param': large_params[0], - } - - # Process large params with prefetch overlap - for i, p in enumerate(large_params): - grad = p.grad - if grad.is_sparse: - raise RuntimeError("PagedAdamW does not support sparse gradients") - - has_mps_params = has_mps_params or (p.device.type == 'mps') - state = self.state[p] - - if len(state) == 0: - state['step'] = 0 - storage_device = 'cpu' if page_to_cpu else p.device - state['exp_avg'] = torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format, device=storage_device) - state['exp_avg_sq'] = torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format, device=storage_device) - - state['step'] += 1 - - # Use prefetched states if available for this param - if prefetched_states is not None and prefetched_states['param'] is p: - exp_avg = prefetched_states['exp_avg'] - exp_avg_sq = prefetched_states['exp_avg_sq'] - elif page_to_cpu: - exp_avg = state['exp_avg'].to(p.device) - exp_avg_sq = state['exp_avg_sq'].to(p.device) - else: - exp_avg = state['exp_avg'] - exp_avg_sq = state['exp_avg_sq'] - - # Start prefetching NEXT param's states (overlap with compute) - prefetched_states = None - if page_to_cpu and i + 1 < len(large_params): - next_p = large_params[i + 1] - next_state = self.state[next_p] - if len(next_state) > 0: - prefetched_states = { - 'exp_avg': next_state['exp_avg'].to(next_p.device, non_blocking=True), - 'exp_avg_sq': next_state['exp_avg_sq'].to(next_p.device, non_blocking=True), - 'param': next_p, - } - - # Decoupled weight decay - if group['weight_decay'] != 0: - p.mul_(1 - group['lr'] * group['weight_decay']) - - exp_avg.mul_(beta1).add_(grad, alpha=1 - beta1) - exp_avg_sq.mul_(beta2).addcmul_(grad, grad, value=1 - beta2) - - bias_correction1 = 1 - beta1 ** state['step'] - bias_correction2 = 1 - beta2 ** state['step'] - - step_size = group['lr'] / bias_correction1 - denom = (exp_avg_sq.sqrt() / (bias_correction2 ** 0.5)).add_(group['eps']) - p.addcdiv_(exp_avg, denom, value=-step_size) - - if page_to_cpu: - state['exp_avg'] = exp_avg.to('cpu', non_blocking=True) - state['exp_avg_sq'] = exp_avg_sq.to('cpu', non_blocking=True) - - # Process small params (simple loop, no prefetch overhead) - for p in small_params: - grad = p.grad - if grad.is_sparse: - raise RuntimeError("PagedAdamW does not support sparse gradients") - - has_mps_params = has_mps_params or (p.device.type == 'mps') - state = self.state[p] - - if len(state) == 0: - state['step'] = 0 - storage_device = 'cpu' if page_to_cpu else p.device - state['exp_avg'] = torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format, device=storage_device) - state['exp_avg_sq'] = torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format, device=storage_device) - - state['step'] += 1 - - if page_to_cpu: - exp_avg = state['exp_avg'].to(p.device) - exp_avg_sq = state['exp_avg_sq'].to(p.device) - else: - exp_avg = state['exp_avg'] - exp_avg_sq = state['exp_avg_sq'] - - if group['weight_decay'] != 0: - p.mul_(1 - group['lr'] * group['weight_decay']) - - exp_avg.mul_(beta1).add_(grad, alpha=1 - beta1) - exp_avg_sq.mul_(beta2).addcmul_(grad, grad, value=1 - beta2) - - bias_correction1 = 1 - beta1 ** state['step'] - bias_correction2 = 1 - beta2 ** state['step'] - step_size = group['lr'] / bias_correction1 - denom = (exp_avg_sq.sqrt() / (bias_correction2 ** 0.5)).add_(group['eps']) - p.addcdiv_(exp_avg, denom, value=-step_size) - - if page_to_cpu: - state['exp_avg'] = exp_avg.to('cpu', non_blocking=True) - state['exp_avg_sq'] = exp_avg_sq.to('cpu', non_blocking=True) - - # Mark that we need sync before next step - if has_mps_params: - self._pending_sync = True - - return loss - - -class PagedAdam(PagedAdamW): - """ - Paged Adam optimizer (L2 weight decay, not decoupled). - - Same as PagedAdamW but with L2 regularization applied to gradients - instead of decoupled weight decay. - """ - - def __init__( - self, - params, - lr: float = 1e-3, - betas: Tuple[float, float] = (0.9, 0.999), - eps: float = 1e-8, - weight_decay: float = 0, - page_to_cpu: bool = True, - ): - super().__init__(params, lr=lr, betas=betas, eps=eps, - weight_decay=weight_decay, page_to_cpu=page_to_cpu) - - @torch.no_grad() - def step(self, closure: Optional[Callable] = None): - """Performs a single optimization step with L2 weight decay.""" - loss = None - if closure is not None: - with torch.enable_grad(): - loss = closure() - - # Sync from previous step's async page-out - if self._pending_sync: - torch.mps.synchronize() - self._pending_sync = False - - has_mps_params = False - - for group in self.param_groups: - beta1, beta2 = group['betas'] - page_to_cpu = group['page_to_cpu'] - - for p in group['params']: - if p.grad is None: - continue - - grad = p.grad - if grad.is_sparse: - raise RuntimeError("PagedAdam does not support sparse gradients") - - # L2 weight decay (applied to grad, not weights) - if group['weight_decay'] != 0: - grad = grad.add(p, alpha=group['weight_decay']) - - has_mps_params = has_mps_params or (p.device.type == 'mps') - state = self.state[p] - - if len(state) == 0: - state['step'] = 0 - storage_device = 'cpu' if page_to_cpu else p.device - state['exp_avg'] = torch.zeros_like( - p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format, device=storage_device - ) - state['exp_avg_sq'] = torch.zeros_like( - p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format, device=storage_device - ) - - state['step'] += 1 - - if page_to_cpu: - exp_avg = state['exp_avg'].to(p.device) - exp_avg_sq = state['exp_avg_sq'].to(p.device) - else: - exp_avg = state['exp_avg'] - exp_avg_sq = state['exp_avg_sq'] - - exp_avg.mul_(beta1).add_(grad, alpha=1 - beta1) - exp_avg_sq.mul_(beta2).addcmul_(grad, grad, value=1 - beta2) - - bias_correction1 = 1 - beta1 ** state['step'] - bias_correction2 = 1 - beta2 ** state['step'] - - step_size = group['lr'] / bias_correction1 - denom = (exp_avg_sq.sqrt() / (bias_correction2 ** 0.5)).add_(group['eps']) - p.addcdiv_(exp_avg, denom, value=-step_size) - - if page_to_cpu: - state['exp_avg'] = exp_avg.to('cpu', non_blocking=True) - state['exp_avg_sq'] = exp_avg_sq.to('cpu', non_blocking=True) - - if has_mps_params: - self._pending_sync = True - - return loss - - -class PagedLion(Optimizer): - """ - Paged Lion optimizer that offloads momentum to CPU. - - Lion only has one momentum state, making paging even more efficient. - """ - - def __init__( - self, - params, - lr: float = 1e-4, - betas: Tuple[float, float] = (0.9, 0.99), - weight_decay: float = 0, - page_to_cpu: bool = True, - ): - if lr < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid learning rate: {lr}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[0] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta1: {betas[0]}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[1] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta2: {betas[1]}") - - defaults = dict(lr=lr, betas=betas, weight_decay=weight_decay, - page_to_cpu=page_to_cpu) - super().__init__(params, defaults) - self._pending_sync = False - - def synchronize(self): - """Ensure all async transfers are complete. Call before accessing state.""" - if self._pending_sync: - torch.mps.synchronize() - self._pending_sync = False - - def __del__(self): - """Ensure sync on cleanup to prevent crashes.""" - if hasattr(self, '_pending_sync') and self._pending_sync: - try: - torch.mps.synchronize() - except Exception: - pass - - @torch.no_grad() - def step(self, closure: Optional[Callable] = None): - """Performs a single optimization step with async prefetching.""" - loss = None - if closure is not None: - with torch.enable_grad(): - loss = closure() - - # Sync from previous step's async page-out - if self._pending_sync: - torch.mps.synchronize() - self._pending_sync = False - - has_mps_params = False - - for group in self.param_groups: - beta1, beta2 = group['betas'] - page_to_cpu = group['page_to_cpu'] - - params_with_grad = [p for p in group['params'] if p.grad is not None] - if not params_with_grad: - continue - - # Prefetch first param's states - prefetched_exp_avg: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None - prefetched_param: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None - if page_to_cpu and params_with_grad: - state = self.state[params_with_grad[0]] - if len(state) > 0: - prefetched_exp_avg = state['exp_avg'].to(params_with_grad[0].device, non_blocking=True) - prefetched_param = params_with_grad[0] - - for i, p in enumerate(params_with_grad): - grad = p.grad - has_mps_params = has_mps_params or (p.device.type == 'mps') - state = self.state[p] - - if len(state) == 0: - storage_device = 'cpu' if page_to_cpu else p.device - state['exp_avg'] = torch.zeros_like( - p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format, device=storage_device - ) - - # Use prefetched state if available - if prefetched_exp_avg is not None and prefetched_param is p: - exp_avg = prefetched_exp_avg - elif page_to_cpu: - exp_avg = state['exp_avg'].to(p.device) - else: - exp_avg = state['exp_avg'] - - # Start prefetching NEXT param's states - prefetched_exp_avg = None - prefetched_param = None - if page_to_cpu and i + 1 < len(params_with_grad): - next_p = params_with_grad[i + 1] - next_state = self.state[next_p] - if len(next_state) > 0: - prefetched_exp_avg = next_state['exp_avg'].to(next_p.device, non_blocking=True) - prefetched_param = next_p - - # Weight decay - if group['weight_decay'] != 0: - p.mul_(1 - group['lr'] * group['weight_decay']) - - # Lion update - update = exp_avg.mul(beta1).add(grad, alpha=1 - beta1) - p.add_(update.sign(), alpha=-group['lr']) - - # Update momentum - exp_avg.mul_(beta2).add_(grad, alpha=1 - beta2) - - # Page out (async) - if page_to_cpu: - state['exp_avg'] = exp_avg.to('cpu', non_blocking=True) - - if has_mps_params: - self._pending_sync = True - - return loss diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/sgd8bit.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/sgd8bit.py deleted file mode 100644 index 515b8de..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/sgd8bit.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -""" -8-bit SGD optimizer with momentum for MPS -""" - -import torch -from torch.optim import Optimizer -from typing import Optional, Callable - -from .adam8bit import quantize_state, dequantize_state -from ..functional import _try_load_native - - -class SGD8bit(Optimizer): - """ - 8-bit SGD optimizer with momentum. - - Stores momentum buffer in int8 format for memory efficiency. - - Args: - params: Iterable of parameters to optimize - lr: Learning rate (required) - momentum: Momentum factor (default: 0) - dampening: Dampening for momentum (default: 0) - weight_decay: Weight decay (L2 penalty) (default: 0) - nesterov: Enables Nesterov momentum (default: False) - block_size: Block size for quantization (default: 256) - """ - - def __init__( - self, - params, - lr: float, - momentum: float = 0, - dampening: float = 0, - weight_decay: float = 0, - nesterov: bool = False, - block_size: int = 256, - ): - if lr < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid learning rate: {lr}") - if momentum < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid momentum: {momentum}") - if weight_decay < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid weight_decay: {weight_decay}") - if nesterov and (momentum <= 0 or dampening != 0): - raise ValueError("Nesterov momentum requires momentum > 0 and zero dampening") - - defaults = dict(lr=lr, momentum=momentum, dampening=dampening, - weight_decay=weight_decay, nesterov=nesterov, - block_size=block_size) - super().__init__(params, defaults) - - @torch.no_grad() - def step(self, closure: Optional[Callable] = None): - """Performs a single optimization step.""" - loss = None - if closure is not None: - with torch.enable_grad(): - loss = closure() - - for group in self.param_groups: - momentum = group['momentum'] - dampening = group['dampening'] - nesterov = group['nesterov'] - block_size = group['block_size'] - - for p in group['params']: - if p.grad is None: - continue - - grad = p.grad - if grad.is_sparse: - raise RuntimeError("SGD8bit does not support sparse gradients") - - # Weight decay - if group['weight_decay'] != 0: - grad = grad.add(p, alpha=group['weight_decay']) - - # Momentum - if momentum != 0: - state = self.state[p] - - if len(state) == 0: - state['momentum_int8'], state['momentum_absmax'] = quantize_state( - torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format), - block_size - ) - - # Try native Metal kernel - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and p.device.type == 'mps' and p.dtype == torch.float16: - try: - _C.sgd8bit_step( - p.data, grad, - state['momentum_int8'], state['momentum_absmax'], - group['lr'], momentum, dampening, - group['weight_decay'], nesterov, block_size, - ) - continue - except Exception: - pass # Fall through to Python path - - # Python fallback - buf = dequantize_state( - state['momentum_int8'], state['momentum_absmax'], - block_size, torch.float32 - ) - grad_fp32 = grad.float() - buf.mul_(momentum).add_(grad_fp32, alpha=1 - dampening) - - if nesterov: - grad_fp32 = grad_fp32.add(buf, alpha=momentum) - else: - grad_fp32 = buf - - # Requantize - state['momentum_int8'], state['momentum_absmax'] = quantize_state(buf, block_size) - grad = grad_fp32.to(p.dtype) - - p.add_(grad, alpha=-group['lr']) - - return loss diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/pyproject.toml b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/pyproject.toml deleted file mode 100644 index 4683d31..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/pyproject.toml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -[build-system] -requires = ["setuptools>=61.0", "wheel"] -build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta" - -[project] -name = "mps-bitsandbytes" -version = "0.7.0" -description = "NF4/FP4/FP8/INT8 quantization for PyTorch on Apple Silicon with Metal GPU acceleration" -readme = "README.md" -license = "MIT" -authors = [ - {name = "imperatormk"} -] -keywords = [ - "quantization", - "4bit", - "8bit", - "nf4", - "qlora", - "apple-silicon", - "pytorch", - "mps", - "metal", - "bitsandbytes", - "llm", - "transformers", -] -classifiers = [ - "Development Status :: 4 - Beta", - "Intended Audience :: Developers", - "Intended Audience :: Science/Research", - "Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X", - "Programming Language :: Python :: 3", - "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10", - "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11", - "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12", - "Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Artificial Intelligence", -] -requires-python = ">=3.10" -dependencies = [ - "torch>=2.0.0", -] - -[project.optional-dependencies] -dev = [ - "pytest>=7.0", - "pytest-cov", -] -transformers = [ - "transformers>=4.30.0", - "accelerate>=0.20.0", -] - -[project.urls] -Homepage = "https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes" -Repository = "https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes" -Issues = "https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes/issues" -Documentation = "https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes#readme" - -[tool.setuptools] -packages = ["mps_bitsandbytes", "mps_bitsandbytes.nn", "mps_bitsandbytes.optim"] -include-package-data = true - -[tool.setuptools.package-data] -mps_bitsandbytes = [ - "kernels/*.metal", - "kernels/*.metallib", -] - -[tool.pytest.ini_options] -testpaths = ["tests"] -python_files = "test_*.py" -addopts = "-v" diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/setup.cfg b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/setup.cfg deleted file mode 100644 index 8bfd5a1..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/setup.cfg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -[egg_info] -tag_build = -tag_date = 0 - diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/setup.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/setup.py deleted file mode 100644 index cc14228..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/setup.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,71 +0,0 @@ -""" -Setup script for MPS BitsAndBytes - -Builds the native Metal extension for GPU-accelerated quantization. -""" - -import os -import sys -from setuptools import setup, find_packages, Extension -from setuptools.command.build_ext import build_ext - - -class ObjCppBuildExt(build_ext): - """Build extension for Objective-C++ with PyTorch.""" - - def build_extensions(self): - import torch - from torch.utils import cpp_extension - - self.compiler.src_extensions.append('.mm') - - original_compile = self.compiler._compile - - def objcpp_compile(obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts): - if src.endswith('.mm'): - extra_postargs = ['-x', 'objective-c++'] + list(extra_postargs or []) - return original_compile(obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts) - - self.compiler._compile = objcpp_compile - - for ext in self.extensions: - ext.include_dirs.extend(cpp_extension.include_paths()) - ext.library_dirs.extend(cpp_extension.library_paths()) - ext.libraries.extend(['c10', 'torch', 'torch_cpu', 'torch_python']) - - super().build_extensions() - - -def get_extensions(): - if sys.platform != "darwin": - return [] - - return [Extension( - name="mps_bitsandbytes._C", - sources=["mps_bitsandbytes/csrc/mps_bitsandbytes.mm"], - extra_compile_args=["-std=c++17", "-O3", "-DNDEBUG"], - extra_link_args=["-framework", "Metal", "-framework", "Foundation"], - )] - - -setup( - name="mps-bitsandbytes", - version="0.7.0", - description="4-bit NF4 and 8-bit quantization for PyTorch on Apple Silicon", - packages=find_packages(exclude=['tests', 'tests.*']), - package_data={ - "mps_bitsandbytes": [ - "kernels/*.metal", - "kernels/*.metallib", - ], - }, - include_package_data=True, - install_requires=["torch>=2.0"], - extras_require={ - "dev": ["pytest>=7.0", "pytest-cov"], - "transformers": ["transformers>=4.30.0", "accelerate>=0.20.0"], - }, - ext_modules=get_extensions(), - cmdclass={"build_ext": ObjCppBuildExt}, - python_requires=">=3.10", -) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_advanced_linear.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_advanced_linear.py deleted file mode 100644 index 247f898..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_advanced_linear.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,217 +0,0 @@ -""" -Tests for advanced linear layers (OutlierAwareLinear, SwitchBackLinear). -""" - -import pytest -import torch -import torch.nn as nn - -from mps_bitsandbytes.nn import ( - OutlierAwareLinear, - SwitchBackLinear, SwitchBackLinearCallback, -) - - -@pytest.fixture -def device(): - return 'mps' if torch.backends.mps.is_available() else 'cpu' - - -class TestOutlierAwareLinear: - def test_from_linear(self, device): - """Test conversion from nn.Linear.""" - linear = nn.Linear(256, 128).half().to(device) - oa_linear = OutlierAwareLinear.from_linear(linear, device=device) - - assert oa_linear.in_features == 256 - assert oa_linear.out_features == 128 - - def test_forward_shape(self, device): - """Test forward pass produces correct shape.""" - linear = nn.Linear(256, 128).half().to(device) - oa_linear = OutlierAwareLinear.from_linear(linear, device=device) - - x = torch.randn(8, 32, 256, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - output = oa_linear(x) - - assert output.shape == (8, 32, 128) - - def test_output_close_to_original(self, device): - """Test output is close to FP16 reference.""" - linear = nn.Linear(128, 64, bias=True).half().to(device) - oa_linear = OutlierAwareLinear.from_linear(linear, device=device) - - x = torch.randn(4, 16, 128, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - orig_output = linear(x) - quant_output = oa_linear(x) - - # Should be reasonably close - relative_error = (orig_output - quant_output).abs().mean() / orig_output.abs().mean() - assert relative_error < 0.15 - - def test_outlier_detection(self, device): - """Test outlier columns are detected.""" - # Create weight with obvious outliers - linear = nn.Linear(64, 32, bias=False).half().to(device) - with torch.no_grad(): - linear.weight.fill_(0.1) - # Add large outliers in specific columns - linear.weight[:, 5] = 10.0 - linear.weight[:, 20] = 10.0 - - oa_linear = OutlierAwareLinear.from_linear(linear, threshold=3.0, device=device) - - # Should detect the outlier columns - assert len(oa_linear.outlier_indices) > 0 - - def test_no_outliers(self, device): - """Test layer works when no outliers detected.""" - linear = nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to(device) - # Normal initialization shouldn't have outliers - oa_linear = OutlierAwareLinear.from_linear(linear, threshold=10.0, device=device) - - x = torch.randn(4, 64, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - output = oa_linear(x) - - assert output.shape == (4, 32) - - def test_bias(self, device): - """Test bias handling.""" - # With bias - linear_bias = nn.Linear(64, 32, bias=True).half().to(device) - oa_bias = OutlierAwareLinear.from_linear(linear_bias, device=device) - assert oa_bias.bias is not None - - # Without bias - linear_no_bias = nn.Linear(64, 32, bias=False).half().to(device) - oa_no_bias = OutlierAwareLinear.from_linear(linear_no_bias, device=device) - assert oa_no_bias.bias is None - - -class TestSwitchBackLinear: - def test_from_linear(self, device): - """Test conversion from nn.Linear.""" - linear = nn.Linear(256, 128).half().to(device) - sb_linear = SwitchBackLinear.from_linear(linear, device=device) - - assert sb_linear.in_features == 256 - assert sb_linear.out_features == 128 - - def test_forward_shape(self, device): - """Test forward pass produces correct shape.""" - linear = nn.Linear(256, 128).half().to(device) - sb_linear = SwitchBackLinear.from_linear(linear, device=device) - - x = torch.randn(8, 32, 256, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - output = sb_linear(x) - - assert output.shape == (8, 32, 128) - - def test_backward_pass(self, device): - """Test backward pass computes gradients.""" - linear = nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to(device) - sb_linear = SwitchBackLinear.from_linear(linear, device=device) - - x = torch.randn(4, 16, 64, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - output = sb_linear(x) - loss = output.sum() - loss.backward() - - # FP16 weights should have gradients - assert sb_linear.weight_fp.grad is not None - assert sb_linear.weight_fp.grad.abs().sum() > 0 - - def test_output_close_to_original(self, device): - """Test output is close to FP16 reference.""" - linear = nn.Linear(128, 64, bias=True).half().to(device) - sb_linear = SwitchBackLinear.from_linear(linear, device=device) - - x = torch.randn(4, 16, 128, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - orig_output = linear(x) - sb_output = sb_linear(x) - - # Should be very close (uses dequantized INT8) - relative_error = (orig_output - sb_output).abs().mean() / orig_output.abs().mean() - assert relative_error < 0.1 - - def test_weight_sync(self, device): - """Test INT8 weights can be synced from FP16.""" - linear = nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to(device) - sb_linear = SwitchBackLinear.from_linear(linear, device=device) - - # Modify FP16 weights - with torch.no_grad(): - sb_linear.weight_fp.fill_(0.5) - - # Sync should update INT8 - sb_linear.sync_weights() - - # INT8 weights should reflect the change - expected_int8 = torch.full((32, 64), 127, dtype=torch.int8, device=device) - assert torch.allclose(sb_linear.weight_int8.float(), expected_int8.float(), atol=1) - - def test_training_loop(self, device): - """Test SwitchBackLinear in a training loop.""" - linear = nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to(device) - sb_linear = SwitchBackLinear.from_linear(linear, device=device) - sb_linear.train() - - # Use SGD instead of AdamW - AdamW + fp16 + MPS is unstable - optimizer = torch.optim.SGD([sb_linear.weight_fp], lr=0.1) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - target = torch.randn(8, 32, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - initial_loss = ((sb_linear(x) - target) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(20): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((sb_linear(x) - target) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - sb_linear.sync_weights() - - final_loss = ((sb_linear(x) - target) ** 2).mean().item() - assert final_loss < initial_loss - - -class TestSwitchBackLinearCallback: - def test_callback_syncs_all_layers(self, device): - """Test callback syncs all SwitchBackLinear layers.""" - class Model(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.fc1 = SwitchBackLinear.from_linear( - nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to(device), device=device - ) - self.fc2 = SwitchBackLinear.from_linear( - nn.Linear(32, 16).half().to(device), device=device - ) - - def forward(self, x): - return self.fc2(torch.relu(self.fc1(x))) - - model = Model() - callback = SwitchBackLinearCallback(model) - - # Modify FP16 weights - with torch.no_grad(): - model.fc1.weight_fp.fill_(0.1) - model.fc2.weight_fp.fill_(0.2) - - # Sync all - callback.sync() - - # When all values are uniform, int8 will be 127 (normalized to max) - # and scales will hold the actual value (0.1, 0.2) - # So int8 values should be 127, and scales should be ~0.1 and ~0.2 - assert model.fc1.weight_int8.float().mean().item() == pytest.approx(127, abs=1) - assert model.fc1.weight_scales.mean().item() == pytest.approx(0.1, abs=0.01) - assert model.fc2.weight_int8.float().mean().item() == pytest.approx(127, abs=1) - assert model.fc2.weight_scales.mean().item() == pytest.approx(0.2, abs=0.01) - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - pytest.main([__file__, '-v']) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_edge_cases.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_edge_cases.py deleted file mode 100644 index 4d39ef1..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_edge_cases.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,348 +0,0 @@ -""" -Edge case tests for mps-bitsandbytes. - -These tests expose potential bugs similar to those found in mps-flash-attention: -1. Bias dtype mismatches -2. Division by zero in scale calculations -3. Buffer bounds with unusual shapes -4. Stress tests for numerical stability -""" - -import pytest -import torch -import math - -pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif( - not torch.backends.mps.is_available(), - reason="MPS not available" -) - - -@pytest.fixture(scope="module") -def bnb(): - """Import mps_bitsandbytes module.""" - import mps_bitsandbytes as bnb - return bnb - - -# ============================================================================= -# Bias Dtype Mismatch Tests -# ============================================================================= - -class TestBiasDtype: - """Test bias handling with different dtypes. - - The Metal kernels declare bias as `half*` but callers might pass float32. - This mirrors the FP16/FP32 mismatch bug found in mps-flash-attention. - """ - - def test_matmul_bias_fp32(self, bnb): - """Test matmul_4bit with FP32 bias - potential dtype mismatch.""" - M, N, K = 32, 64, 128 - - weight = torch.randn(N, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - bias = torch.randn(N, device='mps', dtype=torch.float32) # FP32 bias! - - weight_packed, weight_state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=64) - - # This might produce wrong results if Metal kernel expects half - output = bnb.functional.matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=bias) - - assert not torch.isnan(output).any(), "FP32 bias produced NaN" - assert not torch.isinf(output).any(), "FP32 bias produced Inf" - - # Verify bias actually affected output (not ignored) - output_no_bias = bnb.functional.matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=None) - diff = (output - output_no_bias).abs().max().item() - - # Bias should make a difference - assert diff > 0.01, f"FP32 bias might be ignored (diff={diff})" - - def test_matmul_bias_bf16(self, bnb): - """Test matmul_4bit with BF16 bias - potential dtype mismatch.""" - M, N, K = 32, 64, 128 - - weight = torch.randn(N, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - bias = torch.randn(N, device='mps', dtype=torch.bfloat16) # BF16 bias! - - weight_packed, weight_state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=64) - - output = bnb.functional.matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=bias) - - assert not torch.isnan(output).any(), "BF16 bias produced NaN" - assert not torch.isinf(output).any(), "BF16 bias produced Inf" - - def test_matmul_bias_not_ignored(self, bnb): - """Critical test: Ensure bias is actually applied, not silently ignored.""" - M, N, K = 32, 64, 128 - - torch.manual_seed(42) - weight = torch.randn(N, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - weight_packed, weight_state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=64) - - # Zero bias should match no-bias - zero_bias = torch.zeros(N, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - output_zero_bias = bnb.functional.matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=zero_bias) - output_no_bias = bnb.functional.matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=None) - - zero_diff = (output_zero_bias - output_no_bias).abs().max().item() - assert zero_diff < 0.01, f"Zero bias should match no-bias, got diff {zero_diff}" - - # Large bias MUST produce different output - large_bias = torch.ones(N, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) * 10.0 - output_large_bias = bnb.functional.matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=large_bias) - - large_diff = (output_large_bias - output_no_bias).abs().max().item() - assert large_diff > 1.0, f"Bias appears to be ignored! Diff with large bias: {large_diff}" - - -# ============================================================================= -# Division by Zero / Zero Input Tests -# ============================================================================= - -class TestZeroInputs: - """Test handling of zero/near-zero inputs. - - The scale calculation `127.0 / absmax` can produce INF if absmax is 0. - The code uses clamp(min=1e-8) but we test edge cases. - """ - - def test_quantize_all_zeros(self, bnb): - """Quantizing all-zero tensor should not produce NaN/Inf.""" - x = torch.zeros(256, 256, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(x) - - assert not torch.isnan(quantized).any(), "Zero input produced NaN in quantized" - assert not torch.isinf(state.absmax).any(), "Zero input produced Inf in absmax" - - # Dequantize should give back zeros (or near-zero) - dequantized = bnb.functional.dequantize_4bit(quantized, state) - assert dequantized.abs().max() < 0.1, "Zero input didn't dequantize to near-zero" - - def test_quantize_single_nonzero(self, bnb): - """Tensor with single non-zero value per block.""" - blocksize = 64 - x = torch.zeros(256, 256, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - # Put single non-zero in each block - x[::blocksize, 0] = 1.0 - - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(x, blocksize=blocksize) - - assert not torch.isnan(quantized).any(), "Single nonzero produced NaN" - assert not torch.isinf(state.absmax).any(), "Single nonzero produced Inf in absmax" - - def test_quantize_near_zero(self, bnb): - """Tensor with very small values (denormals).""" - x = torch.full((128, 128), 1e-38, device='mps', dtype=torch.float32) - - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(x) - - assert not torch.isnan(quantized).any(), "Denormal input produced NaN" - assert not torch.isinf(state.absmax).any(), "Denormal input produced Inf" - - def test_int8_quantize_zeros(self, bnb): - """INT8 quantization with zero input.""" - x = torch.zeros(128, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_blockwise(x, blocksize=64) - - assert not torch.isnan(quantized.float()).any(), "INT8 zero input produced NaN" - - -# ============================================================================= -# Large Value / Overflow Tests -# ============================================================================= - -class TestLargeValues: - """Test handling of very large values that might overflow.""" - - def test_quantize_fp16_max(self, bnb): - """Quantizing FP16 max values.""" - x = torch.full((64, 64), 65504.0, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) # FP16 max - - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(x) - - assert not torch.isnan(quantized).any(), "FP16 max produced NaN" - assert not torch.isinf(state.absmax).any(), "FP16 max produced Inf in absmax" - - def test_quantize_mixed_extreme(self, bnb): - """Mix of very large and very small values.""" - x = torch.zeros(128, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - x[0, 0] = 65504.0 # FP16 max - x[1, 1] = 1e-4 # Very small - x[2, 2] = -65504.0 # FP16 min - - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(x) - - assert not torch.isnan(quantized).any(), "Mixed extreme produced NaN" - - dequantized = bnb.functional.dequantize_4bit(quantized, state) - assert not torch.isnan(dequantized).any(), "Mixed extreme dequant produced NaN" - - -# ============================================================================= -# Unusual Shape Tests -# ============================================================================= - -class TestUnusualShapes: - """Test with shapes that might trigger edge cases in padding/blocking.""" - - @pytest.mark.parametrize("shape", [ - (1, 1), # Minimum - (1, 63), # Not divisible by 64 - (1, 65), # Just over 64 - (7, 13), # Prime dimensions - (128, 127), # Off-by-one from power of 2 - (1, 1024), # Very wide - (1024, 1), # Very tall - (3, 17), # Small primes - ]) - def test_quantize_unusual_shapes(self, bnb, shape): - """Test quantization with unusual shapes.""" - x = torch.randn(*shape, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(x, blocksize=64) - - assert not torch.isnan(quantized).any(), f"Shape {shape} produced NaN" - - dequantized = bnb.functional.dequantize_4bit(quantized, state) - assert dequantized.shape == shape, f"Shape mismatch: {dequantized.shape} vs {shape}" - - @pytest.mark.parametrize("blocksize", [32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024]) - def test_various_blocksizes(self, bnb, blocksize): - """Test different block sizes.""" - # Shape smaller than blocksize - x = torch.randn(16, 16, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(x, blocksize=blocksize) - - assert not torch.isnan(quantized).any(), f"Blocksize {blocksize} produced NaN" - - -# ============================================================================= -# Matmul Stress Tests -# ============================================================================= - -class TestMatmulStress: - """Stress tests for matmul operations.""" - - def test_matmul_repeated_no_nan(self, bnb): - """Repeated matmul should not accumulate errors into NaN.""" - M, N, K = 32, 128, 256 - - weight = torch.randn(N, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - bias = torch.randn(N, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - weight_packed, weight_state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=64) - - nan_count = 0 - for i in range(50): - torch.manual_seed(i) - x = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - output = bnb.functional.matmul_4bit(x, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=bias) - - if torch.isnan(output).any(): - nan_count += 1 - - assert nan_count == 0, f"Matmul stress test: {nan_count}/50 had NaN" - - def test_matmul_various_sizes_no_nan(self, bnb): - """Test matmul with various sizes that might trigger edge cases.""" - test_cases = [ - (1, 64, 128), # Single row - (7, 64, 128), # Prime M - (32, 63, 127), # Non-power-of-2 N, K - (32, 64, 65), # K just over 64 - (128, 256, 512), # Large - ] - - nan_count = 0 - for M, N, K in test_cases: - weight = torch.randn(N, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - x = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - bias = torch.randn(N, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - weight_packed, weight_state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=64) - output = bnb.functional.matmul_4bit(x, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=bias) - - if torch.isnan(output).any(): - nan_count += 1 - print(f"NaN at shape M={M}, N={N}, K={K}") - - assert nan_count == 0, f"Various sizes test: {nan_count}/{len(test_cases)} had NaN" - - -# ============================================================================= -# Scale Index Bounds Tests -# ============================================================================= - -class TestScaleBounds: - """Test that scale indexing doesn't go out of bounds.""" - - def test_mismatched_weight_absmax_shape(self, bnb): - """Test behavior when weight and absmax shapes might mismatch.""" - in_features, out_features = 128, 64 - blocksize = 64 - - # Manually create a weight - weight = torch.randn(out_features, in_features, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # Quantize - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=blocksize) - - # Verify shapes are consistent - K_padded = ((in_features + blocksize - 1) // blocksize) * blocksize - if K_padded % 2 != 0: - K_padded += blocksize - - num_blocks = out_features * (K_padded // blocksize) - - assert state.absmax.numel() == num_blocks, \ - f"Absmax size mismatch: {state.absmax.numel()} vs expected {num_blocks}" - - -# ============================================================================= -# Memory Corruption Detection Tests -# ============================================================================= - -class TestMemoryCorruption: - """Tests that might detect memory corruption from buffer overflows.""" - - def test_quantize_dequantize_roundtrip(self, bnb): - """Quantize then dequantize should give reasonable results.""" - x = torch.randn(256, 256, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(x) - dequantized = bnb.functional.dequantize_4bit(quantized, state) - - # NF4 is lossy, but shouldn't be wildly off - max_diff = (x - dequantized).abs().max().item() - mean_diff = (x - dequantized).abs().mean().item() - - assert max_diff < 2.0, f"Roundtrip max diff {max_diff} too large (memory corruption?)" - assert mean_diff < 0.5, f"Roundtrip mean diff {mean_diff} too large" - - def test_adjacent_buffer_corruption(self, bnb): - """Check if quantization corrupts adjacent memory.""" - # Create adjacent tensors - a = torch.randn(64, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - sentinel = torch.full((64, 64), 42.0, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - b = torch.randn(64, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - sentinel_copy = sentinel.clone() - - # Quantize a and b (but not sentinel) - qa, sa = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(a) - qb, sb = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(b) - - # Sentinel should be unchanged - assert torch.equal(sentinel, sentinel_copy), "Adjacent memory was corrupted!" - - -if __name__ == "__main__": - pytest.main([__file__, "-v", "--tb=short"]) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_embeddings.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_embeddings.py deleted file mode 100644 index 98147fd..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_embeddings.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,303 +0,0 @@ -""" -Tests for quantized embedding layers. -""" - -import pytest -import torch -import torch.nn as nn - -from mps_bitsandbytes.nn import ( - Embedding4bit, Embedding8bit, - EmbeddingNF4, EmbeddingFP4, -) - - -@pytest.fixture -def device(): - return 'mps' if torch.backends.mps.is_available() else 'cpu' - - -class TestEmbedding4bit: - def test_from_embedding_nf4(self, device): - """Test conversion from nn.Embedding with NF4.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 1000, 256 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, quant_type='nf4', device=device) - - assert embed_4bit.num_embeddings == vocab_size - assert embed_4bit.embedding_dim == embed_dim - assert embed_4bit.quant_type == 'nf4' - - def test_from_embedding_fp4(self, device): - """Test conversion from nn.Embedding with FP4.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 1000, 256 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, quant_type='fp4', device=device) - - assert embed_4bit.quant_type == 'fp4' - - def test_forward(self, device): - """Test forward pass.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 1000, 256 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - # Single batch - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (8, 32), device=device) - output = embed_4bit(indices) - - assert output.shape == (8, 32, embed_dim) - assert output.dtype == torch.float16 - - def test_output_close_to_original(self, device): - """Test quantized output is close to original.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 100, 64 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (4, 16), device=device) - - orig_output = embed(indices) - quant_output = embed_4bit(indices) - - # Should be reasonably close (4-bit has some error) - relative_error = (orig_output - quant_output).abs().mean() / orig_output.abs().mean() - assert relative_error < 0.2 # Within 20% relative error - - def test_padding_idx(self, device): - """Test padding_idx handling.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 100, 64 - padding_idx = 0 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim, padding_idx=padding_idx).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - indices = torch.tensor([[0, 1, 2], [3, 0, 4]], device=device) - output = embed_4bit(indices) - - # Padding indices should be zero - assert torch.allclose(output[:, 0, :][indices[:, 0] == padding_idx], - torch.zeros(embed_dim, device=device, dtype=torch.float16), - atol=1e-3) - - def test_odd_embedding_dim(self, device): - """Test handling of odd embedding dimensions.""" - vocab_size = 100 - embed_dim = 63 # Odd - - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - # Should pad to even - assert embed_4bit.embedding_dim == 64 - - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (4, 8), device=device) - output = embed_4bit(indices) - - # Output includes the padding dimension - assert output.shape == (4, 8, 64) - - -class TestEmbedding8bit: - def test_from_embedding(self, device): - """Test conversion from nn.Embedding.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 1000, 256 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_8bit = Embedding8bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - assert embed_8bit.num_embeddings == vocab_size - assert embed_8bit.embedding_dim == embed_dim - - def test_forward(self, device): - """Test forward pass.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 1000, 256 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_8bit = Embedding8bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (8, 32), device=device) - output = embed_8bit(indices) - - assert output.shape == (8, 32, embed_dim) - - def test_output_close_to_original(self, device): - """Test quantized output is close to original.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 100, 64 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_8bit = Embedding8bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (4, 16), device=device) - - orig_output = embed(indices) - quant_output = embed_8bit(indices) - - # 8-bit should be very close - relative_error = (orig_output - quant_output).abs().mean() / orig_output.abs().mean() - assert relative_error < 0.05 # Within 5% relative error - - def test_memory_savings(self, device): - """Test memory footprint is reduced.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 50000, 4096 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_8bit = Embedding8bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - # FP16: vocab_size * embed_dim * 2 bytes - fp16_size = vocab_size * embed_dim * 2 - # INT8: vocab_size * embed_dim * 1 byte + vocab_size * 4 bytes (scales) - int8_size = vocab_size * embed_dim * 1 + vocab_size * 4 - - # Should be roughly 50% savings - assert int8_size < fp16_size * 0.6 - - -class TestEmbeddingAliases: - def test_embedding_nf4(self, device): - """Test EmbeddingNF4 alias.""" - embed = EmbeddingNF4(100, 64, device=device) - assert embed.quant_type == 'nf4' - - def test_embedding_fp4(self, device): - """Test EmbeddingFP4 alias.""" - embed = EmbeddingFP4(100, 64, device=device) - assert embed.quant_type == 'fp4' - - -class TestEmbeddingIntegration: - def test_unique_index_optimization(self, device): - """Test that repeated indices are handled efficiently.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 100, 64 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - # Indices with many repeats - indices = torch.tensor([[1, 1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2, 2]], device=device) - output = embed_4bit(indices) - - # All embeddings in each row should be identical - assert torch.allclose(output[0, 0], output[0, 1]) - assert torch.allclose(output[0, 0], output[0, 2]) - assert torch.allclose(output[1, 0], output[1, 1]) - - def test_gradient_flow(self, device): - """Test that gradients flow through (for LoRA-style training).""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 100, 64 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - # Add a trainable projection - proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, 32).half().to(device) - - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (4, 8), device=device) - output = embed_4bit(indices) - output = proj(output) - loss = output.sum() - loss.backward() - - # Projection should have gradients - assert proj.weight.grad is not None - assert proj.weight.grad.abs().sum() > 0 - - -class TestNativeVsFallbackEmbedding: - """Test that native Metal kernels produce same results as Python fallback.""" - - def _force_fallback_embedding4bit(self, embed_4bit, input): - """Run the Python fallback path explicitly.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes.functional import dequantize_nf4, dequantize_fp4, QuantState - flat_input = input.flatten() - unique_indices, inverse = flat_input.unique(return_inverse=True) - - dequant_fn = dequantize_nf4 if embed_4bit.quant_type == 'nf4' else dequantize_fp4 - packed = embed_4bit.weight_packed[unique_indices] - absmax = embed_4bit.weight_absmax[unique_indices] - - embeddings_list = [] - for i in range(packed.shape[0]): - quant_state = QuantState( - absmax=absmax[i], - shape=torch.Size([embed_4bit.embedding_dim]), - blocksize=embed_4bit.blocksize, - quant_type=embed_4bit.quant_type, - dtype=embed_4bit.dtype, - ) - emb = dequant_fn(packed[i], quant_state) - embeddings_list.append(emb) - embeddings = torch.stack(embeddings_list) - output = embeddings[inverse] - output_shape = list(input.shape) + [embed_4bit.embedding_dim] - return output.view(*output_shape) - - def test_native_vs_fallback_embedding4bit_nf4(self, device): - """Compare native Metal kernel vs Python fallback for NF4 embedding.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - vocab_size, embed_dim = 500, 128 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, quant_type='nf4', device=device) - - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (4, 16), device=device) - - native_output = embed_4bit(indices) - fallback_output = self._force_fallback_embedding4bit(embed_4bit, indices) - - assert torch.allclose(native_output, fallback_output, atol=1e-3), \ - f"Max diff: {(native_output - fallback_output).abs().max().item()}" - - def test_native_vs_fallback_embedding4bit_fp4(self, device): - """Compare native Metal kernel vs Python fallback for FP4 embedding.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - vocab_size, embed_dim = 500, 128 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, quant_type='fp4', device=device) - - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (4, 16), device=device) - - native_output = embed_4bit(indices) - fallback_output = self._force_fallback_embedding4bit(embed_4bit, indices) - - assert torch.allclose(native_output, fallback_output, atol=1e-3), \ - f"Max diff: {(native_output - fallback_output).abs().max().item()}" - - def test_native_vs_fallback_embedding8bit(self, device): - """Compare native Metal kernel vs Python fallback for 8-bit embedding.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - vocab_size, embed_dim = 500, 128 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_8bit = Embedding8bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (4, 16), device=device) - - # Native path - native_output = embed_8bit(indices) - - # Python fallback - weight_int8 = embed_8bit.weight_int8[indices] - scales = embed_8bit.weight_scales[indices] - fallback_output = weight_int8.to(embed_8bit.dtype) * (scales.unsqueeze(-1) / 127.0).to(embed_8bit.dtype) - - # Native kernel computes in float32 then converts to half; - # fallback truncates scale to half before multiply, causing ~1 ULP diff - assert torch.allclose(native_output, fallback_output, atol=2e-3), \ - f"Max diff: {(native_output - fallback_output).abs().max().item()}" - - def test_large_vocabulary_embedding(self, device): - """Stress test with large vocabulary.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - vocab_size, embed_dim = 50000, 4096 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (2, 512), device=device) - output = embed_4bit(indices) - - assert output.shape == (2, 512, embed_dim) - assert not torch.isnan(output).any() - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - pytest.main([__file__, '-v']) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_fp4_fp8_double.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_fp4_fp8_double.py deleted file mode 100644 index f2a93aa..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_fp4_fp8_double.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,557 +0,0 @@ -""" -Tests for FP4, FP8, and Double Quantization - -Run with: pytest tests/test_fp4_fp8_double.py -v -""" - -import pytest -import torch - -# Skip all tests if not on macOS with MPS -pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif( - not torch.backends.mps.is_available(), - reason="MPS not available" -) - - -class TestFP4Quantization: - """Tests for FP4 (4-bit floating point) quantization.""" - - def test_quantize_fp4_basic(self): - """Test basic FP4 quantization.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp4, QuantState - - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - packed, state = quantize_fp4(tensor) - - assert packed.dtype == torch.uint8 - assert isinstance(state, QuantState) - assert state.quant_type == 'fp4' - - def test_fp4_roundtrip(self): - """Test FP4 quantize/dequantize roundtrip.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp4, dequantize_fp4 - - tensor = torch.randn(16, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - packed, state = quantize_fp4(tensor) - reconstructed = dequantize_fp4(packed, state) - - # FP4 has limited precision, check cosine similarity - tensor_flat = tensor.float().flatten() - recon_flat = reconstructed.float().flatten() - cosine_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity( - tensor_flat.unsqueeze(0), recon_flat.unsqueeze(0) - ).item() - assert cosine_sim > 0.85, f"Cosine similarity {cosine_sim} too low" - - def test_matmul_fp4_basic(self): - """Test FP4 matmul.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp4, matmul_4bit - - # Create input and weight - input_tensor = torch.randn(8, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - weight = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # Quantize weight - weight_packed, weight_state = quantize_fp4(weight) - - # FP4 matmul - output = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state) - - assert output.shape == (8, 32) - assert not torch.isnan(output).any() - - def test_matmul_fp4_with_bias(self): - """Test FP4 matmul with bias.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp4, matmul_4bit - - input_tensor = torch.randn(4, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - weight = torch.randn(16, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - bias = torch.randn(16, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - weight_packed, weight_state = quantize_fp4(weight) - output = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=bias) - - assert output.shape == (4, 16) - assert not torch.isnan(output).any() - - -class TestFP8Quantization: - """Tests for FP8 E4M3 (8-bit floating point) quantization.""" - - def test_quantize_fp8_basic(self): - """Test basic FP8 quantization.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp8_e4m3 - - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - quantized, scales = quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor) - - assert quantized.dtype == torch.uint8 - assert quantized.shape == tensor.shape - assert scales.shape == (32,) # Row-wise scales - - def test_fp8_roundtrip(self): - """Test FP8 quantize/dequantize roundtrip.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp8_e4m3, dequantize_fp8_e4m3 - - tensor = torch.randn(16, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - quantized, scales = quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor) - reconstructed = dequantize_fp8_e4m3(quantized, scales) - - # FP8 should have better precision than FP4 - tensor_flat = tensor.float().flatten() - recon_flat = reconstructed.float().flatten() - cosine_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity( - tensor_flat.unsqueeze(0), recon_flat.unsqueeze(0) - ).item() - assert cosine_sim > 0.95, f"FP8 cosine similarity {cosine_sim} too low" - - def test_matmul_fp8_basic(self): - """Test FP8 matmul.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp8_e4m3, matmul_fp8_e4m3 - - input_tensor = torch.randn(8, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - weight = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - weight_quant, weight_scales = quantize_fp8_e4m3(weight) - output = matmul_fp8_e4m3(input_tensor, weight_quant, weight_scales) - - assert output.shape == (8, 32) - assert not torch.isnan(output).any() - - def test_fp8_accuracy_vs_fp16(self): - """Test FP8 matmul accuracy vs FP16 reference.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp8_e4m3, matmul_fp8_e4m3 - - torch.manual_seed(42) - input_tensor = torch.randn(16, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - weight = torch.randn(64, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # Reference FP16 matmul - ref_output = torch.nn.functional.linear(input_tensor, weight) - - # FP8 matmul - weight_quant, weight_scales = quantize_fp8_e4m3(weight) - fp8_output = matmul_fp8_e4m3(input_tensor, weight_quant, weight_scales) - - # FP8 should be more accurate than 4-bit - cosine_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity( - ref_output.float().flatten().unsqueeze(0), - fp8_output.float().flatten().unsqueeze(0) - ).item() - print(f"FP8 vs FP16 cosine similarity: {cosine_sim:.4f}") - assert cosine_sim > 0.9, f"FP8 cosine similarity {cosine_sim} too low" - - -class TestDoubleQuantization: - """Tests for double quantization (quantizing the scales).""" - - def test_double_quant_via_compress_statistics(self): - """Test double quantization via compress_statistics parameter.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4 - - # Create a weight and quantize with compress_statistics - weight = torch.randn(128, 256, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - packed, state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64, compress_statistics=True) - - # Should have nested state2 - assert state.state2 is not None - - # Dequantize should work correctly - reconstructed = dequantize_nf4(packed, state) - assert reconstructed.shape == weight.shape - - def test_double_quant_accuracy(self): - """Test double quant doesn't significantly degrade quality.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4 - - weight = torch.randn(64, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # Without double quant - packed1, state1 = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64, compress_statistics=False) - recon1 = dequantize_nf4(packed1, state1) - - # With double quant - packed2, state2 = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64, compress_statistics=True) - recon2 = dequantize_nf4(packed2, state2) - - # Both should be close to original - error1 = (weight - recon1).abs().mean() / weight.abs().mean() - error2 = (weight - recon2).abs().mean() / weight.abs().mean() - - print(f"Without double quant error: {error1:.4f}") - print(f"With double quant error: {error2:.4f}") - - # Double quant adds some error but should still be reasonable - assert error1 < 0.15 - assert error2 < 0.20 - - -class TestFP4VsNF4: - """Compare FP4 and NF4 performance.""" - - def test_nf4_better_for_normal_weights(self): - """Test that NF4 is better for normally distributed weights.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4, quantize_fp4, dequantize_fp4 - - # Normally distributed weights (like in neural networks) - torch.manual_seed(42) - weight = torch.randn(64, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # NF4 - nf4_packed, nf4_state = quantize_nf4(weight) - nf4_recon = dequantize_nf4(nf4_packed, nf4_state) - - # FP4 - fp4_packed, fp4_state = quantize_fp4(weight) - fp4_recon = dequantize_fp4(fp4_packed, fp4_state) - - # Compare reconstruction quality - nf4_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity( - weight.float().flatten().unsqueeze(0), - nf4_recon.float().flatten().unsqueeze(0) - ).item() - - fp4_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity( - weight.float().flatten().unsqueeze(0), - fp4_recon.float().flatten().unsqueeze(0) - ).item() - - print(f"NF4 cosine similarity: {nf4_sim:.4f}") - print(f"FP4 cosine similarity: {fp4_sim:.4f}") - - # NF4 should be at least as good for normal distributions - # (they're close, so just check both are reasonable) - assert nf4_sim > 0.85 - assert fp4_sim > 0.85 - - -class TestLinear4bitFP4Mode: - """Test Linear4bit with FP4 quantization type.""" - - def test_linear4bit_fp4_creation(self): - """Test creating Linear4bit with FP4.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to('mps') - l4_fp4 = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear, quant_type='fp4') - - assert l4_fp4.quant_type == 'fp4' - assert l4_fp4.weight_quant_state is not None - assert l4_fp4.weight_quant_state.quant_type == 'fp4' - - def test_linear4bit_fp4_forward(self): - """Test forward pass with FP4.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to('mps') - l4_fp4 = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear, quant_type='fp4') - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - output = l4_fp4(x) - - assert output.shape == (8, 32) - assert not torch.isnan(output).any() - - def test_linear4bit_fp4_vs_nf4(self): - """Compare FP4 and NF4 modes.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit - - torch.manual_seed(42) - linear = torch.nn.Linear(128, 64).half().to('mps') - x = torch.randn(16, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - l4_nf4 = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear, quant_type='nf4') - l4_fp4 = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear, quant_type='fp4') - - out_nf4 = l4_nf4(x) - out_fp4 = l4_fp4(x) - - # Both should produce valid outputs - assert not torch.isnan(out_nf4).any() - assert not torch.isnan(out_fp4).any() - - # They should be similar but not identical - cosine_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity( - out_nf4.flatten().unsqueeze(0), - out_fp4.flatten().unsqueeze(0) - ).item() - print(f"NF4 vs FP4 cosine similarity: {cosine_sim:.4f}") - assert cosine_sim > 0.9 # Should be similar - - -class TestLinearFP8: - """Tests for LinearFP8 module.""" - - def test_linear_fp8_creation(self): - """Test creating LinearFP8.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import LinearFP8 - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to('mps') - lfp8 = LinearFP8.from_linear(linear) - - assert lfp8.weight_fp8.dtype == torch.uint8 - assert lfp8.weight_fp8.shape == (32, 64) - assert lfp8.weight_scales.shape == (32,) - - def test_linear_fp8_forward(self): - """Test forward pass.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import LinearFP8 - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to('mps') - lfp8 = LinearFP8.from_linear(linear) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - output = lfp8(x) - - assert output.shape == (8, 32) - assert not torch.isnan(output).any() - - def test_linear_fp8_accuracy(self): - """Test FP8 accuracy vs FP16.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import LinearFP8 - - torch.manual_seed(42) - linear = torch.nn.Linear(128, 64).half().to('mps') - lfp8 = LinearFP8.from_linear(linear) - - x = torch.randn(16, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - ref_output = linear(x) - fp8_output = lfp8(x) - - cosine_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity( - ref_output.flatten().unsqueeze(0), - fp8_output.flatten().unsqueeze(0) - ).item() - print(f"LinearFP8 vs FP16 cosine similarity: {cosine_sim:.4f}") - assert cosine_sim > 0.9 - - def test_linear_fp8_batched(self): - """Test batched input.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import LinearFP8 - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to('mps') - lfp8 = LinearFP8.from_linear(linear) - - x = torch.randn(4, 8, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - output = lfp8(x) - - assert output.shape == (4, 8, 32) - - def test_linear_fp8_memory_savings(self): - """Test memory savings vs FP16.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import LinearFP8 - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(1024, 2048).half().to('mps') - lfp8 = LinearFP8.from_linear(linear) - - # FP16: 1024 * 2048 * 2 bytes = 4MB - fp16_size = linear.weight.numel() * 2 - - # FP8: 1024 * 2048 * 1 byte + 2048 * 4 bytes (scales) - fp8_size = lfp8.weight_fp8.numel() * 1 + lfp8.weight_scales.numel() * 4 - - savings = (fp16_size - fp8_size) / fp16_size * 100 - print(f"LinearFP8 memory savings: {savings:.1f}%") - assert savings > 45 # Should be close to 50% - - -class TestImports: - """Test that all new functions are properly exported.""" - - def test_all_exports(self): - """Test all FP4/FP8/double quant functions are exported.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import ( - # QuantState - QuantState, - # Generic 4-bit - quantize_4bit, - dequantize_4bit, - matmul_4bit, - # FP4 - quantize_fp4, - dequantize_fp4, - FP4_CODEBOOK, - # FP8 - quantize_fp8_e4m3, - dequantize_fp8_e4m3, - matmul_fp8_e4m3, - # Blockwise - quantize_blockwise, - dequantize_blockwise, - # Linear modules - Linear4bit, - Linear8bit, - LinearFP8, - ) - - # Just verify they're callable - assert callable(quantize_4bit) - assert callable(dequantize_4bit) - assert callable(matmul_4bit) - assert callable(quantize_fp4) - assert callable(dequantize_fp4) - assert callable(quantize_fp8_e4m3) - assert callable(dequantize_fp8_e4m3) - assert callable(matmul_fp8_e4m3) - assert callable(quantize_blockwise) - assert callable(dequantize_blockwise) - - # Linear modules - assert callable(Linear4bit) - assert callable(Linear8bit) - assert callable(LinearFP8) - - # Codebooks are tensors - assert isinstance(FP4_CODEBOOK, torch.Tensor) - assert len(FP4_CODEBOOK) == 16 - - -class TestInputValidation: - """Tests for input validation and edge cases.""" - - def test_blocksize_validation_negative(self): - """Test that negative blocksize raises error.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_4bit - - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="blocksize must be positive"): - quantize_4bit(tensor, blocksize=-1) - - def test_blocksize_validation_zero(self): - """Test that zero blocksize raises error.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_4bit - - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="blocksize must be positive"): - quantize_4bit(tensor, blocksize=0) - - def test_blocksize_validation_too_large(self): - """Test that oversized blocksize raises error.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_4bit - - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="blocksize too large"): - quantize_4bit(tensor, blocksize=100000) - - def test_blocksize_validation_not_power_of_2(self): - """Test that non-power-of-2 blocksize raises error.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_4bit - - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="power of 2"): - quantize_4bit(tensor, blocksize=63) - - def test_blockwise_blocksize_validation(self): - """Test blocksize validation in quantize_blockwise.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_blockwise - - tensor = torch.randn(1024, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="blocksize must be positive"): - quantize_blockwise(tensor, blocksize=-1) - - def test_quant_type_validation(self): - """Test that invalid quant_type raises error.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_4bit - - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="quant_type must be"): - quantize_4bit(tensor, quant_type="invalid") - - -class TestFP8Vectorized: - """Tests for vectorized FP8 implementation.""" - - def test_fp8_vectorized_basic(self): - """Test vectorized FP8 produces valid output.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp8_e4m3, dequantize_fp8_e4m3 - - tensor = torch.randn(64, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - quantized, scales = quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor) - reconstructed = dequantize_fp8_e4m3(quantized, scales) - - assert quantized.shape == tensor.shape - assert not torch.isnan(reconstructed).any() - - def test_fp8_vectorized_zeros(self): - """Test FP8 handles zeros correctly.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp8_e4m3, dequantize_fp8_e4m3 - - tensor = torch.zeros(16, 32, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - quantized, scales = quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor) - reconstructed = dequantize_fp8_e4m3(quantized, scales) - - assert torch.allclose(reconstructed, tensor, atol=1e-6) - - def test_fp8_vectorized_large_values(self): - """Test FP8 handles large values (clamped to 448).""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp8_e4m3, dequantize_fp8_e4m3 - - # Values larger than 448 should be clamped - tensor = torch.full((8, 16), 1000.0, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - quantized, scales = quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor) - reconstructed = dequantize_fp8_e4m3(quantized, scales) - - # After normalization and reconstruction, values should be reasonable - assert not torch.isinf(reconstructed).any() - assert not torch.isnan(reconstructed).any() - - def test_fp8_vectorized_accuracy(self): - """Test vectorized FP8 has good accuracy.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp8_e4m3, dequantize_fp8_e4m3 - - torch.manual_seed(42) - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - quantized, scales = quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor) - reconstructed = dequantize_fp8_e4m3(quantized, scales) - - # FP8 should have high cosine similarity - cosine_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity( - tensor.float().flatten().unsqueeze(0), - reconstructed.float().flatten().unsqueeze(0) - ).item() - assert cosine_sim > 0.95, f"FP8 vectorized cosine sim {cosine_sim} too low" - - -class TestLinear4bitDeviceHandling: - """Tests for Linear4bit device handling.""" - - def test_load_state_dict_device_mismatch(self): - """Test loading state dict from different device.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit - - # Create layer on MPS - linear = torch.nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to('mps') - l4 = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear) - - # Save state dict - state_dict = l4.state_dict() - - # Move tensors to CPU (simulating loading from CPU checkpoint) - # Handle both tensor and dict values (quant_state is a dict) - def move_to_cpu(v): - if isinstance(v, torch.Tensor): - return v.cpu() - elif isinstance(v, dict): - return {k2: move_to_cpu(v2) for k2, v2 in v.items()} - return v - - cpu_state_dict = {k: move_to_cpu(v) for k, v in state_dict.items()} - - # Create new layer on MPS and load CPU state dict - linear2 = torch.nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to('mps') - l4_new = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear2) - l4_new.load_state_dict(cpu_state_dict) - - # Verify weights are on MPS - assert l4_new.weight.device.type == 'mps' - - # Verify forward works - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - output = l4_new(x) - assert output.device.type == 'mps' - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - pytest.main([__file__, '-v']) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_fused_nf4.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_fused_nf4.py deleted file mode 100644 index 3e44497..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_fused_nf4.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,127 +0,0 @@ -"""Test fused NF4 matmul kernel.""" -import torch -import time - -def test_fused_nf4_matmul(): - """Test that fused NF4 matmul works and is faster than Python fallback.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes.functional import quantize_4bit, matmul_4bit, dequantize_4bit - - device = "mps" - M, K, N = 128, 4096, 4096 # Typical LLM dimensions - - # Create random weights and input - weight = torch.randn(N, K, dtype=torch.float16, device=device) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, dtype=torch.float16, device=device) - - # Quantize weights - weight_packed, quant_state = quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=64, quant_type="nf4") - - # Test correctness: compare fused vs dequantize+matmul - # Fused path - output_fused = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, quant_state) - - # Reference: manual dequantize + matmul - weight_dequant = dequantize_4bit(weight_packed, quant_state) - output_ref = torch.nn.functional.linear(input_tensor.to(weight_dequant.dtype), weight_dequant) - - # Check correctness - torch.mps.synchronize() - max_diff = (output_fused - output_ref).abs().max().item() - print(f"Max diff (fused vs reference): {max_diff:.6f}") - assert max_diff < 0.1, f"Fused kernel output differs too much: {max_diff}" - - # Benchmark - warmup = 5 - iters = 20 - - # Warmup - for _ in range(warmup): - _ = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, quant_state) - torch.mps.synchronize() - - # Benchmark fused - start = time.perf_counter() - for _ in range(iters): - _ = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, quant_state) - torch.mps.synchronize() - fused_time = (time.perf_counter() - start) / iters * 1000 - - # Benchmark dequantize + matmul (Python fallback style) - for _ in range(warmup): - w = dequantize_4bit(weight_packed, quant_state) - _ = torch.nn.functional.linear(input_tensor.to(w.dtype), w) - torch.mps.synchronize() - - start = time.perf_counter() - for _ in range(iters): - w = dequantize_4bit(weight_packed, quant_state) - _ = torch.nn.functional.linear(input_tensor.to(w.dtype), w) - torch.mps.synchronize() - unfused_time = (time.perf_counter() - start) / iters * 1000 - - print(f"\n=== NF4 MatMul Benchmark (M={M}, K={K}, N={N}) ===") - print(f"Fused kernel: {fused_time:.2f} ms") - print(f"Dequant+matmul: {unfused_time:.2f} ms") - print(f"Speedup: {unfused_time/fused_time:.2f}x") - - print("\n✓ Fused NF4 matmul test passed!") - - -def test_fused_fp4_matmul(): - """Test FP4 fused matmul.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes.functional import quantize_4bit, matmul_4bit - - device = "mps" - M, K, N = 64, 2048, 2048 - - weight = torch.randn(N, K, dtype=torch.float16, device=device) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, dtype=torch.float16, device=device) - - weight_packed, quant_state = quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=64, quant_type="fp4") - output = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, quant_state) - - assert output.shape == (M, N) - print(f"✓ FP4 fused matmul: output shape {output.shape}") - - -def test_batched_input(): - """Test fused kernel with batched input.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes.functional import quantize_4bit, matmul_4bit - - device = "mps" - B, S, K, N = 2, 128, 1024, 1024 - - weight = torch.randn(N, K, dtype=torch.float16, device=device) - input_tensor = torch.randn(B, S, K, dtype=torch.float16, device=device) - - weight_packed, quant_state = quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=64, quant_type="nf4") - output = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, quant_state) - - assert output.shape == (B, S, N) - print(f"✓ Batched input: {input_tensor.shape} -> {output.shape}") - - -def test_with_bias(): - """Test fused kernel with bias.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes.functional import quantize_4bit, matmul_4bit - - device = "mps" - M, K, N = 32, 512, 512 - - weight = torch.randn(N, K, dtype=torch.float16, device=device) - bias = torch.randn(N, dtype=torch.float16, device=device) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, dtype=torch.float16, device=device) - - weight_packed, quant_state = quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=64, quant_type="nf4") - output = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, quant_state, bias=bias) - - assert output.shape == (M, N) - print(f"✓ With bias: output shape {output.shape}") - - -if __name__ == "__main__": - test_fused_nf4_matmul() - test_fused_fp4_matmul() - test_batched_input() - test_with_bias() - print("\n=== All fused NF4 tests passed! ===") diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_hf_compat.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_hf_compat.py deleted file mode 100644 index 744ad65..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_hf_compat.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,304 +0,0 @@ -""" -Tests for HuggingFace transformers compatibility - -Run with: pytest tests/test_hf_compat.py -v -""" - -import pytest -import torch -import torch.nn as nn - -# Skip all tests if not on macOS with MPS -pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif( - not torch.backends.mps.is_available(), - reason="MPS not available" -) - - -class TestBitsAndBytesConfig: - """Tests for BitsAndBytesConfig.""" - - def test_config_creation_4bit(self): - """Test creating 4-bit config.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig - - config = BitsAndBytesConfig( - load_in_4bit=True, - bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4", - bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16, - ) - - assert config.load_in_4bit is True - assert config.load_in_8bit is False - assert config.bnb_4bit_quant_type == "nf4" - assert config.is_quantizable is True - assert config.quantization_method == 'bitsandbytes_4bit' - - def test_config_creation_8bit(self): - """Test creating 8-bit config.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig - - config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_8bit=True) - - assert config.load_in_8bit is True - assert config.load_in_4bit is False - assert config.quantization_method == 'bitsandbytes_8bit' - - def test_config_invalid(self): - """Test that invalid config raises error.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig - - # Can't have both 4-bit and 8-bit - with pytest.raises(ValueError): - BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True, load_in_8bit=True) - - # Invalid quant type - with pytest.raises(ValueError): - BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True, bnb_4bit_quant_type="invalid") - - def test_config_to_dict(self): - """Test config serialization.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig - - config = BitsAndBytesConfig( - load_in_4bit=True, - bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4", - ) - - d = config.to_dict() - assert d['load_in_4bit'] is True - assert d['bnb_4bit_quant_type'] == 'nf4' - - def test_config_from_dict(self): - """Test config deserialization.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig - - d = { - 'load_in_4bit': True, - 'bnb_4bit_quant_type': 'nf4', - 'bnb_4bit_compute_dtype': 'torch.float16', - } - - config = BitsAndBytesConfig.from_dict(d) - assert config.load_in_4bit is True - assert config.bnb_4bit_compute_dtype == torch.float16 - - -class TestQuantizeModel: - """Tests for model quantization.""" - - def test_quantize_model_4bit(self): - """Test quantizing a model to 4-bit.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model, Linear4bit - - class SimpleModel(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.fc1 = nn.Linear(128, 64) - self.fc2 = nn.Linear(64, 32) - - def forward(self, x): - return self.fc2(torch.relu(self.fc1(x))) - - model = SimpleModel().half().to('mps') - config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True) - - quantized_model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config) - - # Check layers were replaced - assert isinstance(quantized_model.fc1, Linear4bit) - assert isinstance(quantized_model.fc2, Linear4bit) - - def test_quantize_model_8bit(self): - """Test quantizing a model to 8-bit.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model, Linear8bit - - class SimpleModel(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.fc = nn.Linear(64, 32) - - def forward(self, x): - return self.fc(x) - - model = SimpleModel().half().to('mps') - config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_8bit=True) - - quantized_model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config) - - assert isinstance(quantized_model.fc, Linear8bit) - - def test_quantize_model_skip_modules(self): - """Test skipping certain modules during quantization.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model, Linear4bit - - class ModelWithLMHead(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.encoder = nn.Linear(128, 64) - self.lm_head = nn.Linear(64, 1000) # Should skip this - - def forward(self, x): - return self.lm_head(self.encoder(x)) - - model = ModelWithLMHead().half().to('mps') - config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True) - - quantized_model = quantize_model( - model, - quantization_config=config, - modules_to_not_convert=['lm_head'] - ) - - assert isinstance(quantized_model.encoder, Linear4bit) - assert isinstance(quantized_model.lm_head, nn.Linear) # Not quantized - - def test_quantize_nested_model(self): - """Test quantizing a model with nested modules.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model, Linear4bit - - class Block(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.fc1 = nn.Linear(64, 64) - self.fc2 = nn.Linear(64, 64) - - def forward(self, x): - return self.fc2(torch.relu(self.fc1(x))) - - class NestedModel(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.embed = nn.Linear(128, 64) - self.blocks = nn.ModuleList([Block() for _ in range(3)]) - self.head = nn.Linear(64, 10) - - def forward(self, x): - x = self.embed(x) - for block in self.blocks: - x = block(x) - return self.head(x) - - model = NestedModel().half().to('mps') - config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True) - - quantized_model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config) - - # Check nested modules were quantized - assert isinstance(quantized_model.embed, Linear4bit) - assert isinstance(quantized_model.head, Linear4bit) - for block in quantized_model.blocks: - assert isinstance(block.fc1, Linear4bit) - assert isinstance(block.fc2, Linear4bit) - - -class TestQuantizedModelInference: - """Tests for inference with quantized models.""" - - def test_quantized_model_forward(self): - """Test forward pass on quantized model.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model - - class SimpleModel(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.fc1 = nn.Linear(64, 32) - self.fc2 = nn.Linear(32, 16) - - def forward(self, x): - return self.fc2(torch.relu(self.fc1(x))) - - model = SimpleModel().half().to('mps') - config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True) - quantized_model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config) - - # Forward pass - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - output = quantized_model(x) - - assert output.shape == (8, 16) - assert not torch.isnan(output).any() - - def test_quantized_vs_original_accuracy(self): - """Test quantized model accuracy vs original.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model - - class SimpleModel(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.fc1 = nn.Linear(128, 64) - self.fc2 = nn.Linear(64, 32) - - def forward(self, x): - return self.fc2(torch.relu(self.fc1(x))) - - # Create and initialize - torch.manual_seed(42) - model = SimpleModel().half().to('mps') - - # Clone weights before quantization - fc1_weight = model.fc1.weight.clone() - fc2_weight = model.fc2.weight.clone() - - config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True) - quantized_model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config) - - # Test input - x = torch.randn(16, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # Reference output (using original weights) - ref_model = SimpleModel().half().to('mps') - ref_model.fc1.weight.data = fc1_weight - ref_model.fc2.weight.data = fc2_weight - ref_output = ref_model(x) - - # Quantized output - quant_output = quantized_model(x) - - # Check relative error - error = (ref_output.float() - quant_output.float()).abs() - relative_error = error / (ref_output.float().abs() + 1e-8) - mean_relative_error = relative_error.mean().item() - - # Use cosine similarity for accuracy check (relative error is misleading for small values) - ref_flat = ref_output.float().flatten() - quant_flat = quant_output.float().flatten() - cosine_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity(ref_flat.unsqueeze(0), quant_flat.unsqueeze(0)).item() - print(f"Quantized model cosine similarity: {cosine_sim:.4f}") - assert cosine_sim > 0.8 # Allow some deviation due to quantization - - -class TestGetMemoryFootprint: - """Tests for memory footprint calculation.""" - - def test_memory_footprint_reduction(self): - """Test that quantization reduces memory footprint.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model, get_memory_footprint - - class LargeModel(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.fc1 = nn.Linear(1024, 2048) - self.fc2 = nn.Linear(2048, 1024) - - def forward(self, x): - return self.fc2(torch.relu(self.fc1(x))) - - model = LargeModel().half().to('mps') - original_footprint = get_memory_footprint(model) - - config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True) - quantized_model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config) - quantized_footprint = get_memory_footprint(quantized_model) - - print(f"Original: {original_footprint['actual_size_gb']*1000:.2f} MB") - print(f"Quantized: {quantized_footprint['actual_size_gb']*1000:.2f} MB") - print(f"Savings: {quantized_footprint['savings_pct']:.1f}%") - - # Should have significant savings (actual savings depend on overhead from absmax storage) - assert quantized_footprint['actual_size_gb'] < original_footprint['actual_size_gb'] - assert quantized_footprint['savings_pct'] > 40 # At least 40% savings - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - pytest.main([__file__, '-v']) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_int8.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_int8.py deleted file mode 100644 index 1899dc7..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_int8.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,169 +0,0 @@ -""" -Tests for INT8 (8-bit) quantization - -Run with: pytest tests/test_int8.py -v -""" - -import pytest -import torch - -# Skip all tests if not on macOS with MPS -pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif( - not torch.backends.mps.is_available(), - reason="MPS not available" -) - - -class TestInt8Quantization: - """Tests for INT8 quantize/dequantize operations.""" - - def test_quantize_rowwise(self): - """Test row-wise INT8 quantization.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_rowwise - - tensor = torch.randn(64, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - quantized, scales = quantize_rowwise(tensor) - - assert quantized.shape == tensor.shape - assert quantized.dtype == torch.int8 - assert scales.shape == (64,) - - def test_dequantize_rowwise(self): - """Test row-wise INT8 dequantization.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_rowwise, dequantize_rowwise - - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - quantized, scales = quantize_rowwise(tensor) - reconstructed = dequantize_rowwise(quantized, scales, dtype=torch.float16) - - assert reconstructed.shape == tensor.shape - assert reconstructed.dtype == torch.float16 - - # Check reconstruction error (should be small for int8) - error = (tensor.float() - reconstructed.float()).abs() - relative_error = error / (tensor.float().abs() + 1e-8) - mean_relative_error = relative_error.mean().item() - - print(f"INT8 mean relative error: {mean_relative_error:.4f}") - assert mean_relative_error < 0.05, f"INT8 error too high: {mean_relative_error}" - - def test_quantize_preserves_sign(self): - """Test that quantization preserves sign.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_rowwise, dequantize_rowwise - - tensor = torch.tensor([[-1.0, 0.0, 1.0], [-0.5, 0.5, 0.0]], device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - quantized, scales = quantize_rowwise(tensor) - reconstructed = dequantize_rowwise(quantized, scales) - - # Signs should match - original_signs = torch.sign(tensor) - reconstructed_signs = torch.sign(reconstructed) - - # Zero might have different sign representation, so only check non-zeros - non_zero = tensor.abs() > 0.1 - assert torch.all(original_signs[non_zero] == reconstructed_signs[non_zero]) - - -class TestLinear8bit: - """Tests for Linear8bit module.""" - - def test_linear8bit_creation(self): - """Test Linear8bit creation.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear8bit - - layer = Linear8bit(128, 64, device='mps') - - assert layer.in_features == 128 - assert layer.out_features == 64 - assert layer.weight_int8.shape == (64, 128) - assert layer.weight_int8.dtype == torch.int8 - - def test_linear8bit_from_linear(self): - """Test converting nn.Linear to Linear8bit.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear8bit - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(256, 128).half().to('mps') - linear_8bit = Linear8bit.from_linear(linear) - - assert linear_8bit.in_features == 256 - assert linear_8bit.out_features == 128 - - def test_linear8bit_forward(self): - """Test Linear8bit forward pass.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear8bit - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(128, 64).half().to('mps') - linear_8bit = Linear8bit.from_linear(linear) - - x = torch.randn(16, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - output = linear_8bit(x) - - assert output.shape == (16, 64) - - def test_linear8bit_accuracy(self): - """Test Linear8bit accuracy vs nn.Linear.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear8bit - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(256, 128).half().to('mps') - linear_8bit = Linear8bit.from_linear(linear) - - x = torch.randn(32, 256, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - reference = linear(x) - quantized = linear_8bit(x) - - error = (reference.float() - quantized.float()).abs() - relative_error = error / (reference.float().abs() + 1e-8) - mean_relative_error = relative_error.mean().item() - - print(f"Linear8bit mean relative error: {mean_relative_error:.4f}") - assert mean_relative_error < 0.1 # INT8 is accurate but not perfect - - def test_linear8bit_cache(self): - """Test Linear8bit weight caching.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear8bit - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(128, 64).half().to('mps') - linear_8bit = Linear8bit.from_linear(linear, use_cache=True) - - x = torch.randn(16, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # First forward (populates cache) - output1 = linear_8bit(x) - - # Check cache exists - assert linear_8bit._weight_cache is not None - - # Second forward (uses cache) - output2 = linear_8bit(x) - - assert torch.allclose(output1, output2) - - # Clear cache - linear_8bit.clear_cache() - assert linear_8bit._weight_cache is None - - -class TestInt8Matmul: - """Tests for INT8 matrix multiplication.""" - - def test_matmul_int8(self): - """Test INT8 matmul.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_rowwise, matmul_int8 - - M, K, N = 32, 64, 48 - - A = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - B = torch.randn(K, N, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - A_int8, A_scales = quantize_rowwise(A) - B_int8, B_scales = quantize_rowwise(B.T) # Quantize transposed - B_int8 = B_int8.T.contiguous() # Restore layout - - output = matmul_int8(A_int8, B_int8, A_scales, B_scales) - - assert output.shape == (M, N) - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - pytest.main([__file__, '-v']) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_nf4.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_nf4.py deleted file mode 100644 index f5490ed..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_nf4.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,360 +0,0 @@ -""" -Tests for NF4 (4-bit) quantization - -Run with: pytest tests/test_nf4.py -v -""" - -import pytest -import torch -import sys - -# Skip all tests if not on macOS with MPS -pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif( - not torch.backends.mps.is_available(), - reason="MPS not available" -) - - -class TestNF4Quantization: - """Tests for NF4 quantize/dequantize operations.""" - - def test_quantize_basic(self): - """Test basic NF4 quantization.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, QuantState - - # Create test tensor - weight = torch.randn(128, 256, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # Quantize - packed, state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64) - - # Check types - assert packed.dtype == torch.uint8 - assert isinstance(state, QuantState) - assert state.quant_type == "nf4" - assert state.blocksize == 64 - assert state.shape == weight.shape - - def test_quantize_dequantize_roundtrip(self): - """Test that quantize -> dequantize preserves values reasonably.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4 - - # Create normally distributed weights (NF4 is optimized for this) - weight = torch.randn(64, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # Quantize and dequantize - packed, state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64) - reconstructed = dequantize_nf4(packed, state) - - # Check shape preserved - assert reconstructed.shape == weight.shape - - # For 4-bit quantization, use mean absolute error relative to standard deviation - # NF4 achieves ~0.1 normalized MSE on normal distributions - mae = (weight.float() - reconstructed.float()).abs().mean().item() - weight_std = weight.float().std().item() - normalized_mae = mae / weight_std - - print(f"Normalized MAE: {normalized_mae:.4f} (MAE={mae:.4f}, std={weight_std:.4f})") - # 4-bit quantization typically has ~10% normalized MAE - assert normalized_mae < 0.25, f"Reconstruction error too high: {normalized_mae}" - - def test_quantize_different_block_sizes(self): - """Test quantization with different block sizes.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4 - - weight = torch.randn(32, 256, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - for blocksize in [32, 64, 128]: - packed, state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=blocksize) - - assert state.blocksize == blocksize - - # Verify roundtrip - reconstructed = dequantize_nf4(packed, state) - assert reconstructed.shape == weight.shape - - def test_quantize_preserves_zeros(self): - """Test that zero values are preserved.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4 - - weight = torch.zeros(16, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - packed, state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64) - reconstructed = dequantize_nf4(packed, state) - - assert torch.allclose(reconstructed, weight, atol=1e-6) - - def test_quantize_large_values(self): - """Test that large values are handled correctly.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4 - - # Large uniform values - weight = torch.ones(16, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) * 100.0 - packed, state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64) - reconstructed = dequantize_nf4(packed, state) - - # Should reconstruct to approximately the same value - error = (weight - reconstructed).abs().mean().item() - relative_error = error / 100.0 - assert relative_error < 0.1, f"Large value error: {relative_error}" - - -class TestNF4Matmul: - """Tests for NF4 matrix multiplication.""" - - def test_matmul_basic(self): - """Test basic NF4 matmul.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, matmul_4bit - - # Create weight and quantize - M, N, K = 32, 64, 128 - weight = torch.randn(N, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - weight_packed, weight_state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64) - - # NF4 matmul - output = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state) - - assert output.shape == (M, N), f"Expected ({M}, {N}), got {output.shape}" - assert output.dtype == torch.float16 - - def test_matmul_with_bias(self): - """Test NF4 matmul with bias.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, matmul_4bit - - M, N, K = 16, 32, 64 - weight = torch.randn(N, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - bias = torch.randn(N, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - weight_packed, weight_state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64) - - output = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=bias) - - assert output.shape == (M, N) - - def test_matmul_accuracy(self): - """Test NF4 matmul accuracy vs FP16 reference.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, matmul_4bit - - M, N, K = 32, 64, 128 - weight = torch.randn(N, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # Reference FP16 result - reference = input_tensor @ weight.T - - # NF4 result - weight_packed, weight_state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64) - nf4_output = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state) - - # Use cosine similarity for overall direction preservation - ref_flat = reference.float().flatten() - nf4_flat = nf4_output.float().flatten() - cosine_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity(ref_flat.unsqueeze(0), nf4_flat.unsqueeze(0)).item() - - # Also check correlation - corr = torch.corrcoef(torch.stack([ref_flat, nf4_flat]))[0, 1].item() - - print(f"Matmul cosine similarity: {cosine_sim:.4f}, correlation: {corr:.4f}") - # NF4 matmul should preserve the general direction well - assert cosine_sim > 0.9, f"Cosine similarity too low: {cosine_sim}" - assert corr > 0.9, f"Correlation too low: {corr}" - - def test_matmul_large_matrices(self): - """Test NF4 matmul with larger matrices (triggers tiled kernel).""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, matmul_4bit - - # Large enough to trigger tiled kernel (M >= 32, N >= 32, K >= 64) - M, N, K = 128, 256, 512 - weight = torch.randn(N, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - weight_packed, weight_state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64) - output = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state) - - assert output.shape == (M, N) - - # Basic sanity check - assert not torch.isnan(output).any(), "NaN in output" - assert not torch.isinf(output).any(), "Inf in output" - - -class TestLinear4bit: - """Tests for Linear4bit module.""" - - def test_linear4bit_creation(self): - """Test Linear4bit creation.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit - - layer = Linear4bit(128, 64, device='mps') - - assert layer.in_features == 128 - assert layer.out_features == 64 - - def test_linear4bit_from_linear(self): - """Test converting nn.Linear to Linear4bit.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit - - # Create and initialize linear - linear = torch.nn.Linear(256, 128).half().to('mps') - torch.nn.init.normal_(linear.weight) - - # Convert to 4-bit - linear_4bit = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear) - - assert linear_4bit.in_features == 256 - assert linear_4bit.out_features == 128 - assert linear_4bit.weight_quant_state is not None - - def test_linear4bit_forward(self): - """Test Linear4bit forward pass.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(128, 64).half().to('mps') - linear_4bit = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear) - - # Forward pass - x = torch.randn(16, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - output = linear_4bit(x) - - assert output.shape == (16, 64) - assert output.dtype == torch.float16 - - def test_linear4bit_vs_linear_accuracy(self): - """Test Linear4bit accuracy vs nn.Linear.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(256, 128).half().to('mps') - torch.nn.init.normal_(linear.weight) - linear_4bit = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear) - - x = torch.randn(32, 256, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - reference = linear(x) - quantized = linear_4bit(x) - - # Use cosine similarity for overall direction preservation - ref_flat = reference.float().flatten() - quant_flat = quantized.float().flatten() - cosine_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity(ref_flat.unsqueeze(0), quant_flat.unsqueeze(0)).item() - - print(f"Linear4bit cosine similarity: {cosine_sim:.4f}") - # 4-bit quantization should preserve the general output direction - assert cosine_sim > 0.85, f"Cosine similarity too low: {cosine_sim}" - - def test_linear4bit_batched(self): - """Test Linear4bit with batched input.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to('mps') - linear_4bit = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear) - - # Batched input [batch, seq_len, features] - x = torch.randn(4, 16, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - output = linear_4bit(x) - - assert output.shape == (4, 16, 32) - - def test_linear4bit_memory_savings(self): - """Test that Linear4bit actually saves memory.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit, get_memory_footprint - - in_f, out_f = 4096, 4096 - - # FP16 linear - linear = torch.nn.Linear(in_f, out_f).half().to('mps') - - # 4-bit linear - linear_4bit = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear) - - # Calculate memory - fp16_bytes = out_f * in_f * 2 # fp16 = 2 bytes - nf4_bytes = linear_4bit.weight.numel() * 1 # uint8 = 1 byte (packed) - - expected_ratio = nf4_bytes / fp16_bytes - print(f"Expected memory ratio: {expected_ratio:.2f}x (should be ~0.25)") - - assert expected_ratio < 0.3, "Memory savings not achieved" - - -class TestMemoryFootprint: - """Tests for memory footprint calculation.""" - - def test_memory_footprint(self): - """Test memory footprint calculation.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit, get_memory_footprint - import torch.nn as nn - - class SimpleModel(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.fc1 = nn.Linear(1024, 512) - self.fc2 = nn.Linear(512, 256) - - def forward(self, x): - return self.fc2(torch.relu(self.fc1(x))) - - model = SimpleModel().half().to('mps') - footprint_fp16 = get_memory_footprint(model) - - # Quantize - model.fc1 = Linear4bit.from_linear(model.fc1) - model.fc2 = Linear4bit.from_linear(model.fc2) - - footprint_4bit = get_memory_footprint(model) - - print(f"FP16 size: {footprint_fp16['actual_size_gb']*1000:.2f} MB") - print(f"4-bit size: {footprint_4bit['actual_size_gb']*1000:.2f} MB") - print(f"Savings: {footprint_4bit['savings_pct']:.1f}%") - - # Should have significant savings - assert footprint_4bit['actual_size_gb'] < footprint_fp16['actual_size_gb'] - - -class TestQuantState: - """Tests for QuantState class.""" - - def test_quantstate_creation(self): - """Test QuantState creation and attributes.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_4bit, QuantState - - tensor = torch.randn(64, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - packed, state = quantize_4bit(tensor, blocksize=64, quant_type='nf4') - - assert isinstance(state, QuantState) - assert state.shape == (64, 128) - assert state.blocksize == 64 - assert state.quant_type == 'nf4' - assert state.dtype == torch.float16 - assert state.absmax is not None - - def test_quantstate_to_device(self): - """Test QuantState.to() method.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_4bit - - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - packed, state = quantize_4bit(tensor, blocksize=64) - - # Move to CPU - state_cpu = state.to('cpu') - assert state_cpu.absmax.device.type == 'cpu' - - def test_quantstate_compress_statistics(self): - """Test double quantization via compress_statistics.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_4bit, dequantize_4bit - - tensor = torch.randn(128, 256, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - packed, state = quantize_4bit(tensor, blocksize=64, compress_statistics=True) - - # Should have nested state - assert state.state2 is not None - - # Should still dequantize correctly - reconstructed = dequantize_4bit(packed, state) - assert reconstructed.shape == tensor.shape - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - pytest.main([__file__, '-v']) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_optimizers.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_optimizers.py deleted file mode 100644 index 547c58c..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_optimizers.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,430 +0,0 @@ -""" -Tests for 8-bit and paged optimizers. -""" - -import pytest -import torch -import torch.nn as nn - -from mps_bitsandbytes.optim import ( - Adam8bit, AdamW8bit, Lion8bit, SGD8bit, - PagedAdam, PagedAdamW, PagedLion, - quantize_state, dequantize_state, -) - - -@pytest.fixture -def device(): - return 'mps' if torch.backends.mps.is_available() else 'cpu' - - -class SimpleModel(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.fc1 = nn.Linear(64, 32) - self.fc2 = nn.Linear(32, 16) - - def forward(self, x): - return self.fc2(torch.relu(self.fc1(x))) - - -class TestQuantizeState: - def test_roundtrip(self, device): - """Test quantize/dequantize roundtrip.""" - state = torch.randn(1000, device=device) - block_size = 256 - - int8, absmax = quantize_state(state, block_size) - recovered = dequantize_state(int8, absmax, block_size, state.dtype) - - # Should be close (within quantization error) - assert recovered.shape == state.shape - assert torch.allclose(state, recovered, atol=0.05, rtol=0.05) - - def test_preserves_shape(self, device): - """Test various shapes are preserved.""" - shapes = [(100,), (32, 64), (8, 16, 32)] - - for shape in shapes: - state = torch.randn(*shape, device=device) - int8, absmax = quantize_state(state, 64) - recovered = dequantize_state(int8, absmax, 64, state.dtype) - assert recovered.shape == shape - - -class TestAdam8bit: - def test_step(self, device): - """Test basic optimization step.""" - model = SimpleModel().to(device) - optimizer = Adam8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(8, 16, device=device) - - for _ in range(5): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - # Check state was created - for p in model.parameters(): - if p.grad is not None: - state = optimizer.state[p] - assert 'exp_avg_int8' in state - assert 'exp_avg_sq_uint8' in state # unsigned for better precision - - def test_converges(self, device): - """Test optimizer converges on simple problem.""" - model = SimpleModel().to(device) - optimizer = Adam8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-2) - - x = torch.randn(32, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(32, 16, device=device) - - initial_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(50): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - final_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - assert final_loss < initial_loss * 0.5 - - -class TestAdamW8bit: - def test_weight_decay(self, device): - """Test decoupled weight decay is applied and optimizer converges.""" - model = SimpleModel().to(device) - - optimizer = AdamW8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-2, weight_decay=0.1) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(8, 16, device=device) - - initial_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(100): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - final_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - # Optimizer should reduce loss - assert final_loss < initial_loss * 0.5 - - -class TestLion8bit: - def test_step(self, device): - """Test Lion optimization step.""" - model = SimpleModel().to(device) - optimizer = Lion8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(8, 16, device=device) - - initial_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(50): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - final_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - assert final_loss < initial_loss - - def test_only_one_momentum(self, device): - """Test Lion only stores one momentum state.""" - model = SimpleModel().to(device) - optimizer = Lion8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(8, 16, device=device) - - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - for p in model.parameters(): - if p.grad is not None: - state = optimizer.state[p] - assert 'exp_avg_int8' in state - assert 'exp_avg_sq_int8' not in state # Lion doesn't have this - - -class TestSGD8bit: - def test_step(self, device): - """Test SGD with momentum.""" - model = SimpleModel().to(device) - optimizer = SGD8bit(model.parameters(), lr=0.1, momentum=0.9) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(8, 16, device=device) - - initial_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(50): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - final_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - assert final_loss < initial_loss - - -class TestPagedAdamW: - def test_states_on_cpu(self, device): - """Test optimizer states are stored on CPU.""" - if device == 'cpu': - pytest.skip("Paged optimizers only make sense for GPU") - - model = SimpleModel().to(device) - optimizer = PagedAdamW(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3, page_to_cpu=True) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(8, 16, device=device) - - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - # States should be on CPU - for p in model.parameters(): - if p.grad is not None: - state = optimizer.state[p] - assert state['exp_avg'].device.type == 'cpu' - assert state['exp_avg_sq'].device.type == 'cpu' - - def test_converges(self, device): - """Test paged optimizer converges.""" - model = SimpleModel().to(device) - optimizer = PagedAdamW(model.parameters(), lr=1e-2) - - x = torch.randn(32, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(32, 16, device=device) - - initial_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(100): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - final_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - assert final_loss < initial_loss * 0.5 - - -class TestPagedLion: - def test_step(self, device): - """Test PagedLion optimization.""" - model = SimpleModel().to(device) - optimizer = PagedLion(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(8, 16, device=device) - - for _ in range(10): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - -class TestNativeVsFallbackOptimizers: - """Test that native Metal optimizer kernels match Python fallback.""" - - def _run_optimizer_steps(self, optimizer_cls, device, n_steps=10, **opt_kwargs): - """Run optimizer for n_steps and return final param values.""" - torch.manual_seed(42) - model = SimpleModel().half().to(device) - optimizer = optimizer_cls(model.parameters(), **opt_kwargs) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - y = torch.randn(8, 16, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - for _ in range(n_steps): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - return {name: p.data.clone() for name, p in model.named_parameters()} - - def test_native_adam8bit_converges(self, device): - """Test Adam8bit with native kernel converges.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - model = SimpleModel().half().to(device) - optimizer = Adam8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-2) - - x = torch.randn(32, 64, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - y = torch.randn(32, 16, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - initial_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(50): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - final_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - assert final_loss < initial_loss * 0.5, f"Loss didn't decrease enough: {initial_loss} -> {final_loss}" - - def test_native_adamw8bit_converges(self, device): - """Test AdamW8bit with native kernel converges.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - model = SimpleModel().half().to(device) - optimizer = AdamW8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-2, weight_decay=0.01) - - x = torch.randn(32, 64, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - y = torch.randn(32, 16, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - initial_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(50): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - final_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - assert final_loss < initial_loss * 0.5 - - def test_native_lion8bit_converges(self, device): - """Test Lion8bit with native kernel converges.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - model = SimpleModel().half().to(device) - optimizer = Lion8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) - - x = torch.randn(32, 64, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - y = torch.randn(32, 16, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - initial_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(100): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - final_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - assert final_loss < initial_loss - - def test_native_sgd8bit_converges(self, device): - """Test SGD8bit with native kernel converges.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - model = SimpleModel().half().to(device) - optimizer = SGD8bit(model.parameters(), lr=0.01, momentum=0.9) - - x = torch.randn(32, 64, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - y = torch.randn(32, 16, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - initial_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(50): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - final_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - assert final_loss < initial_loss - - def test_large_parameter_adam8bit(self, device): - """Stress test with 1M element parameter.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - param = torch.randn(1000, 1000, device=device, dtype=torch.float16, requires_grad=True) - model = nn.Linear(1000, 1000, bias=False).half().to(device) - optimizer = Adam8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3) - - x = torch.randn(4, 1000, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - for _ in range(5): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = model(x).sum() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - # Verify no NaN/Inf in params - for p in model.parameters(): - assert not torch.isnan(p.data).any(), "NaN in parameters" - assert not torch.isinf(p.data).any(), "Inf in parameters" - - -class TestPagedAsyncCorrectness: - """Test that paged optimizers with async prefetch produce correct results.""" - - def test_paged_async_correctness(self, device): - """Verify paged optimizer results match non-paged version.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Paged optimizers require MPS") - - torch.manual_seed(42) - model1 = SimpleModel().to(device) - model2 = SimpleModel().to(device) - model2.load_state_dict(model1.state_dict()) - - opt1 = PagedAdamW(model1.parameters(), lr=1e-2, page_to_cpu=True) - opt2 = PagedAdamW(model2.parameters(), lr=1e-2, page_to_cpu=False) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(8, 16, device=device) - - for _ in range(20): - opt1.zero_grad() - opt2.zero_grad() - loss1 = ((model1(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss2 = ((model2(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss1.backward() - loss2.backward() - opt1.step() - opt2.step() - - # Compare final params - for (n1, p1), (n2, p2) in zip(model1.named_parameters(), model2.named_parameters()): - assert torch.allclose(p1, p2, atol=1e-4), \ - f"Param {n1} diverged: max diff {(p1 - p2).abs().max().item()}" - - def test_paged_many_small_params(self, device): - """Test paged optimizer with many small parameters.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Paged optimizers require MPS") - - # Create model with many small params - layers = nn.ModuleList([nn.Linear(16, 16) for _ in range(100)]) - model = nn.Sequential(*layers).to(device) - optimizer = PagedAdamW(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3, page_to_cpu=True) - - x = torch.randn(4, 16, device=device) - - for _ in range(5): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = model(x).sum() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - # Verify no NaN - for p in model.parameters(): - assert not torch.isnan(p.data).any() - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - pytest.main([__file__, '-v']) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_sparse.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_sparse.py deleted file mode 100644 index 5063f05..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_sparse.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,314 +0,0 @@ -""" -Tests for sparse matrix operations. -""" - -import pytest -import torch - -from mps_bitsandbytes.functional import ( - spmm_coo, spmm_coo_int8, - sparse_coo_from_dense, quantize_sparse_coo, -) - - -@pytest.fixture -def device(): - return 'mps' if torch.backends.mps.is_available() else 'cpu' - - -class TestSpmmCoo: - def test_basic(self, device): - """Test spmm_coo against known dense matmul result.""" - # 3x4 sparse @ 4x2 dense = 3x2 - sparse_dense = torch.tensor([ - [1.0, 0.0, 2.0, 0.0], - [0.0, 3.0, 0.0, 0.0], - [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 4.0], - ], device=device) - dense = torch.tensor([ - [1.0, 2.0], - [3.0, 4.0], - [5.0, 6.0], - [7.0, 8.0], - ], device=device) - - expected = sparse_dense @ dense - - row_indices, col_indices, values, M, K = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - result = spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense, M, K) - - assert result.shape == expected.shape - assert torch.allclose(result, expected, atol=1e-3), \ - f"Max diff: {(result - expected).abs().max().item()}" - - def test_vs_cpu(self, device): - """Test spmm_coo on MPS matches CPU torch.sparse.mm.""" - M, K, N = 64, 128, 32 - sparsity = 0.9 - - # Create random sparse matrix - sparse_dense = torch.randn(M, K, device=device) - mask = torch.rand(M, K, device=device) > sparsity - sparse_dense = sparse_dense * mask - - dense = torch.randn(K, N, device=device) - - # Dense reference - expected = sparse_dense @ dense - - # COO spmm - row_indices, col_indices, values, rows, cols = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - result = spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense, rows, cols) - - assert torch.allclose(result, expected, atol=1e-3), \ - f"Max diff: {(result - expected).abs().max().item()}" - - def test_empty_rows(self, device): - """Test spmm_coo with rows that have no nonzeros.""" - # Row 1 is all zeros - sparse_dense = torch.tensor([ - [1.0, 0.0, 2.0], - [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], - [0.0, 3.0, 0.0], - ], device=device) - dense = torch.tensor([ - [1.0, 2.0], - [3.0, 4.0], - [5.0, 6.0], - ], device=device) - - expected = sparse_dense @ dense - - row_indices, col_indices, values, M, K = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - result = spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense, M, K) - - assert result.shape == expected.shape - assert torch.allclose(result, expected, atol=1e-3) - # Row 1 should be all zeros - assert torch.allclose(result[1], torch.zeros(2, device=device), atol=1e-3) - - def test_single_nonzero(self, device): - """Test spmm_coo with only one nonzero element.""" - sparse_dense = torch.zeros(4, 4, device=device) - sparse_dense[2, 1] = 5.0 - dense = torch.randn(4, 3, device=device) - - expected = sparse_dense @ dense - - row_indices, col_indices, values, M, K = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - result = spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense, M, K) - - assert torch.allclose(result, expected, atol=1e-3) - - def test_half_precision(self, device): - """Test spmm_coo with float16 tensors.""" - M, K, N = 32, 64, 16 - sparsity = 0.8 - - sparse_dense = torch.randn(M, K, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - mask = torch.rand(M, K, device=device) > sparsity - sparse_dense = sparse_dense * mask - - dense = torch.randn(K, N, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - expected = sparse_dense @ dense - - row_indices, col_indices, values, rows, cols = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - result = spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense, rows, cols) - - assert torch.allclose(result, expected, atol=0.1), \ - f"Max diff: {(result - expected).abs().max().item()}" - - -class TestSpmmCooInt8: - def test_basic(self, device): - """Test spmm_coo_int8 produces reasonable results.""" - M, K, N = 32, 64, 16 - sparsity = 0.8 - - sparse_dense = torch.randn(M, K, device=device) - mask = torch.rand(M, K, device=device) > sparsity - sparse_dense = sparse_dense * mask - - dense = torch.randn(K, N, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - # Reference: float spmm - row_indices, col_indices, values, rows, cols = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - ref_result = spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense.float(), rows, cols) - - # INT8 spmm - row_idx, col_idx, values_int8, scale = quantize_sparse_coo( - row_indices, col_indices, values - ) - int8_result = spmm_coo_int8( - row_idx, col_idx, values_int8, scale, dense, rows, cols - ) - - # Should be reasonably close (int8 quantization introduces some error) - relative_error = (ref_result.half() - int8_result).abs().mean() / ref_result.abs().mean().half() - assert relative_error < 0.15, f"Relative error too high: {relative_error.item()}" - - def test_matches_dequant_spmm(self, device): - """Test INT8 spmm matches manual dequant + float spmm.""" - M, K, N = 16, 32, 8 - - sparse_dense = torch.randn(M, K, device=device) - mask = torch.rand(M, K, device=device) > 0.7 - sparse_dense = sparse_dense * mask - - dense = torch.randn(K, N, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - row_indices, col_indices, values, rows, cols = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - row_idx, col_idx, values_int8, scale = quantize_sparse_coo( - row_indices, col_indices, values - ) - - # Via spmm_coo_int8 - result = spmm_coo_int8(row_idx, col_idx, values_int8, scale, dense, rows, cols) - - # Manual: dequantize then spmm - dequant_values = values_int8.float() * scale.float() - expected = spmm_coo(row_idx, col_idx, dequant_values, dense.float(), rows, cols) - - assert torch.allclose(result.float(), expected.float(), atol=1e-2), \ - f"Max diff: {(result.float() - expected.float()).abs().max().item()}" - - -class TestSparseCooFromDense: - def test_basic(self, device): - """Test conversion from dense to COO.""" - dense = torch.tensor([ - [1.0, 0.0, 2.0], - [0.0, 3.0, 0.0], - ], device=device) - - row_idx, col_idx, values, M, K = sparse_coo_from_dense(dense) - - assert M == 2 - assert K == 3 - assert len(values) == 3 # 3 nonzeros - - # Reconstruct and verify - reconstructed = torch.zeros(M, K, device=device) - reconstructed[row_idx, col_idx] = values - assert torch.allclose(reconstructed, dense) - - def test_with_threshold(self, device): - """Test sparsification with threshold.""" - dense = torch.tensor([ - [0.01, 0.5, -0.02], - [1.0, 0.03, -2.0], - ], device=device) - - row_idx, col_idx, values, M, K = sparse_coo_from_dense(dense, threshold=0.1) - - # Only values with abs >= 0.1 should remain - assert all(v.abs() >= 0.1 for v in values) - assert len(values) == 3 # 0.5, 1.0, -2.0 - - def test_empty(self, device): - """Test conversion of zero tensor.""" - dense = torch.zeros(4, 4, device=device) - row_idx, col_idx, values, M, K = sparse_coo_from_dense(dense) - assert len(values) == 0 - - -class TestQuantizeSparseCoo: - def test_roundtrip(self, device): - """Test quantize/dequantize roundtrip for sparse values.""" - values = torch.randn(100, device=device) - row_idx = torch.randint(0, 10, (100,), device=device) - col_idx = torch.randint(0, 10, (100,), device=device) - - _, _, values_int8, scale = quantize_sparse_coo(row_idx, col_idx, values) - - recovered = values_int8.float() * scale.float() - assert torch.allclose(values, recovered, atol=0.05, rtol=0.05) - - def test_preserves_sign(self, device): - """Test that signs are preserved after quantization.""" - values = torch.tensor([1.0, -1.0, 0.5, -0.5, 0.0], device=device) - row_idx = torch.zeros(5, device=device, dtype=torch.long) - col_idx = torch.arange(5, device=device) - - _, _, values_int8, scale = quantize_sparse_coo(row_idx, col_idx, values) - - recovered = values_int8.float() * scale.float() - # Signs should match (except zero) - for orig, rec in zip(values[values != 0], recovered[values != 0]): - assert (orig > 0) == (rec > 0), f"Sign mismatch: {orig} -> {rec}" - - -class TestNativeVsFallbackSparse: - """Test that native Metal sparse kernels match Python fallback.""" - - def test_native_spmm_coo(self, device): - """Compare native vs fallback spmm_coo.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - M, K, N = 64, 128, 32 - sparsity = 0.85 - - sparse_dense = torch.randn(M, K, device=device) - mask = torch.rand(M, K, device=device) > sparsity - sparse_dense = sparse_dense * mask - - dense = torch.randn(K, N, device=device) - - row_indices, col_indices, values, rows, cols = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - - # Both paths should produce the same result as dense matmul - expected = sparse_dense @ dense - result = spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense, rows, cols) - - assert torch.allclose(result, expected, atol=1e-3), \ - f"Max diff: {(result - expected).abs().max().item()}" - - def test_native_spmm_coo_int8(self, device): - """Compare native vs fallback spmm_coo_int8.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - M, K, N = 32, 64, 16 - sparsity = 0.8 - - sparse_dense = torch.randn(M, K, device=device) - mask = torch.rand(M, K, device=device) > sparsity - sparse_dense = sparse_dense * mask - - dense = torch.randn(K, N, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - row_indices, col_indices, values, rows, cols = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - row_idx, col_idx, values_int8, scale = quantize_sparse_coo( - row_indices, col_indices, values - ) - - result = spmm_coo_int8(row_idx, col_idx, values_int8, scale, dense, rows, cols) - - assert not torch.isnan(result).any(), "NaN in result" - assert not torch.isinf(result).any(), "Inf in result" - assert result.shape == (M, N) - - def test_large_sparse(self, device): - """Stress test with large sparse matrix.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - M, K, N = 1000, 2000, 256 - sparsity = 0.95 - - sparse_dense = torch.randn(M, K, device=device) - mask = torch.rand(M, K, device=device) > sparsity - sparse_dense = sparse_dense * mask - - dense = torch.randn(K, N, device=device) - - row_indices, col_indices, values, rows, cols = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - result = spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense, rows, cols) - - assert result.shape == (M, N) - assert not torch.isnan(result).any() - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - pytest.main([__file__, '-v']) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/__init__.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/__init__.py deleted file mode 100644 index f6b2c1f..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/__init__.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,229 +0,0 @@ -""" -MPS BitsAndBytes - 4-bit and 8-bit quantization for PyTorch on Apple Silicon - -Enables QLoRA training and memory-efficient inference on MPS devices with -real NF4/FP4 4-bit and FP8/INT8 8-bit quantization using Metal GPU acceleration. - -Features: -- NF4 4-bit quantization (~4x memory reduction, optimal for neural network weights) -- FP4 4-bit quantization (alternative with better dynamic range) -- FP8 E4M3 8-bit quantization (better precision than INT8) -- INT8 8-bit quantization (~2x memory reduction) -- Double quantization support (~10% extra savings) -- Metal GPU kernels for fused dequant+matmul -- HuggingFace transformers compatible API -- QLoRA training support -- 8-bit optimizers (Adam8bit, SGD8bit, Lion8bit) -- Paged optimizers for CPU offloading -- Quantized embeddings (Embedding4bit, Embedding8bit) - -Example: - >>> import torch - >>> from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit, quantize_nf4 - >>> - >>> # Quantize a linear layer - >>> linear = torch.nn.Linear(4096, 4096).half().to('mps') - >>> linear_4bit = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear) - >>> - >>> # Or use the functional API - >>> weight = torch.randn(4096, 4096).half().to('mps') - >>> packed, absmax = quantize_nf4(weight) - -HuggingFace Integration: - >>> from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model - >>> from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM - >>> - >>> config = BitsAndBytesConfig( - ... load_in_4bit=True, - ... bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4", - ... bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16, - ... ) - >>> - >>> model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("model_name", torch_dtype=torch.float16) - >>> model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config, device='mps') -""" - -import torch as _torch - -__version__ = "0.7.0" - -# Core functional API (bitsandbytes-compatible) -from .functional import ( - # QuantState class for managing quantization state - QuantState, - # Generic 4-bit (bitsandbytes API) - quantize_4bit, - dequantize_4bit, - matmul_4bit, - # NF4 (4-bit NormalFloat - best for neural network weights) - quantize_nf4, - dequantize_nf4, - matmul_nf4, - NF4_CODEBOOK, - create_normal_map, - # FP4 (4-bit Floating Point - better dynamic range) - quantize_fp4, - dequantize_fp4, - matmul_fp4, - FP4_CODEBOOK, - create_fp4_map, - # Blockwise INT8 (bitsandbytes API) - quantize_blockwise, - dequantize_blockwise, - # FP8 E4M3 (8-bit - better precision than INT8) - quantize_fp8_e4m3, - dequantize_fp8_e4m3, - matmul_fp8_e4m3, - # INT8 (8-bit integer) - row-wise - quantize_rowwise, - dequantize_rowwise, - matmul_int8, - # INT8 with column+row statistics (LLM.int8 style) - quantize_colrow, - dequantize_colrow, - matmul_colrow, - # Double quantization (extra ~10% savings) - double_quant, - dequant_absmax, - # Sparse matrix operations (COO format) - spmm_coo, - spmm_coo_int8, - sparse_coo_from_dense, - quantize_sparse_coo, -) - -# Neural network modules -from .nn import ( - Linear4bit, Linear8bit, LinearFP8, - Embedding4bit, Embedding8bit, EmbeddingNF4, EmbeddingFP4, - OutlierAwareLinear, - SwitchBackLinear, SwitchBackLinearCallback, -) - -# 8-bit and paged optimizers -from .optim import ( - Adam8bit, AdamW8bit, Lion8bit, SGD8bit, - PagedAdam, PagedAdamW, PagedLion, - quantize_state, dequantize_state, -) - -# HuggingFace integration -from .integration import ( - BitsAndBytesConfig, - quantize_model, - replace_linear_with_4bit, - replace_linear_with_8bit, - get_memory_footprint, -) - - -def is_available() -> bool: - """Check if MPS is available for quantized operations.""" - return _torch.backends.mps.is_available() - - -def has_native_kernels() -> bool: - """Check if native Metal kernels are available.""" - try: - from . import _C - return True - except ImportError: - return False - - - - -# All public exports -__all__ = [ - # Version - '__version__', - - # Availability checks - 'is_available', - 'has_native_kernels', - - # QuantState class - 'QuantState', - - # Generic 4-bit (bitsandbytes API) - 'quantize_4bit', - 'dequantize_4bit', - 'matmul_4bit', - - # NF4 functional API (4-bit, optimal for NN weights) - 'quantize_nf4', - 'dequantize_nf4', - 'matmul_nf4', - 'NF4_CODEBOOK', - 'create_normal_map', - - # FP4 functional API (4-bit, better dynamic range) - 'quantize_fp4', - 'dequantize_fp4', - 'matmul_fp4', - 'FP4_CODEBOOK', - 'create_fp4_map', - - # Blockwise INT8 (bitsandbytes API) - 'quantize_blockwise', - 'dequantize_blockwise', - - # FP8 functional API (8-bit floating point) - 'quantize_fp8_e4m3', - 'dequantize_fp8_e4m3', - 'matmul_fp8_e4m3', - - # INT8 functional API - 'quantize_rowwise', - 'dequantize_rowwise', - 'matmul_int8', - - # INT8 with column+row statistics - 'quantize_colrow', - 'dequantize_colrow', - 'matmul_colrow', - - # Double quantization - 'double_quant', - 'dequant_absmax', - - # Sparse matrix operations (COO format) - 'spmm_coo', - 'spmm_coo_int8', - 'sparse_coo_from_dense', - 'quantize_sparse_coo', - - # Neural network modules - 'Linear4bit', - 'Linear8bit', - 'LinearFP8', - 'Embedding4bit', - 'Embedding8bit', - 'EmbeddingNF4', - 'EmbeddingFP4', - 'OutlierAwareLinear', - 'SwitchBackLinear', - 'SwitchBackLinearCallback', - - # 8-bit optimizers - 'Adam8bit', - 'AdamW8bit', - 'Lion8bit', - 'SGD8bit', - - # Paged optimizers - 'PagedAdam', - 'PagedAdamW', - 'PagedLion', - - # Optimizer utilities - 'quantize_state', - 'dequantize_state', - - # HuggingFace integration - 'BitsAndBytesConfig', - 'quantize_model', - 'replace_linear_with_4bit', - 'replace_linear_with_8bit', - 'get_memory_footprint', -] diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/csrc/mps_bitsandbytes.mm b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/csrc/mps_bitsandbytes.mm deleted file mode 100644 index 5134ac1..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/csrc/mps_bitsandbytes.mm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2800 +0,0 @@ -/** - * MPS BitsAndBytes - PyTorch C++ Extension - * - * Quantization kernels for Apple Silicon: - * - INT8: 8-bit integer quantization - * - NF4: 4-bit NormalFloat (QLoRA) - * - FP4: 4-bit floating point - * - FP8: 8-bit floating point (E4M3/E5M2) - * - Double quantization support - */ - -#include -#include -#include - -#import -#import - -#include -#include -#include -#include -#include - -// ============================================================================= -// Metal Device and Libraries (Thread-Safe) -// ============================================================================= - -static id g_device = nil; -static id g_library = nil; -static std::unordered_map> g_pipelines; - -// Thread-safety primitives -static std::mutex g_init_mutex; -static std::atomic g_device_initialized{false}; - -static void ensure_device() { - // Fast path: already initialized - if (g_device_initialized.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) { - return; - } - - // Slow path: acquire lock and initialize - std::lock_guard lock(g_init_mutex); - - // Double-check after acquiring lock - if (g_device_initialized.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) { - return; - } - - g_device = MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice(); - if (!g_device) { - throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create Metal device"); - } - - g_device_initialized.store(true, std::memory_order_release); -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Embedded Shader Source (all kernels in one) -// ============================================================================= - -static const char* KERNELS_SOURCE = R"( -#include -using namespace metal; - -// ============================================================================= -// NF4 Codebook -// ============================================================================= - -constant float NF4_CODEBOOK[16] = { - -1.0f, -0.6961928009986877f, -0.5250730514526367f, -0.39491748809814453f, - -0.28444138169288635f, -0.18477343022823334f, -0.09105003625154495f, 0.0f, - 0.07958029955625534f, 0.16093020141124725f, 0.24611230194568634f, 0.33791524171829224f, - 0.44070982933044434f, 0.5626170039176941f, 0.7229568362236023f, 1.0f -}; - -// ============================================================================= -// FP4 Codebook (normalized to [-1, 1]) -// ============================================================================= - -constant float FP4_CODEBOOK[16] = { - 0.0f, 0.0625f, 0.125f, 0.25f, 0.375f, 0.5f, 0.75f, 1.0f, - -0.0f, -0.0625f, -0.125f, -0.25f, -0.375f, -0.5f, -0.75f, -1.0f -}; - -// Half (fp16) max representable value - values beyond this become Inf -constant float FP16_MAX_VAL = 65504.0f; - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 Conversion Functions -// ============================================================================= - -inline float fp8_e4m3_to_float(uchar fp8) { - uint sign = (fp8 >> 7) & 0x1; - uint exp = (fp8 >> 3) & 0xF; - uint mant = fp8 & 0x7; - - float result; - if (exp == 0) { - result = (mant == 0) ? 0.0f : ldexp(float(mant) / 8.0f, -6); - } else if (exp == 15 && mant == 7) { - result = NAN; - } else { - result = ldexp(1.0f + float(mant) / 8.0f, int(exp) - 7); - } - return sign ? -result : result; -} - -inline uchar float_to_fp8_e4m3(float val) { - if (isnan(val)) return 0x7F; - uint sign = val < 0 ? 1 : 0; - val = abs(val); - val = min(val, 448.0f); - if (val == 0.0f) return sign << 7; - - int exp; - float mant = frexp(val, exp); // Metal uses reference, not pointer - mant *= 2.0f; exp -= 1; // frexp returns [0.5, 1), we want [1, 2) - int biased_exp = exp + 7; - - if (biased_exp <= 0) { - // Subnormal - int shift = 1 - biased_exp; - if (shift > 3) return sign << 7; - uint mant_bits = uint((mant - 1.0f) * 8.0f + 0.5f) >> shift; - return (sign << 7) | min(mant_bits, 7u); - } else if (biased_exp >= 15) { - // Overflow to max - return (sign << 7) | (14 << 3) | 7; - } else { - uint mant_bits = uint((mant - 1.0f) * 8.0f + 0.5f); - return (sign << 7) | (biased_exp << 3) | min(mant_bits, 7u); - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Helper Functions -// ============================================================================= - -inline float dequant_nf4(uchar packed, uint pos, float scale) { - uchar idx = (pos == 0) ? (packed & 0x0F) : (packed >> 4); - return NF4_CODEBOOK[idx] * scale; -} - -inline float dequant_fp4(uchar packed, uint pos, float scale) { - uchar idx = (pos == 0) ? (packed & 0x0F) : (packed >> 4); - return FP4_CODEBOOK[idx] * scale; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// INT8 MatMul -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void int8_matmul_dequant( - device const char* A [[buffer(0)]], - device const char* B [[buffer(1)]], - device half* C [[buffer(2)]], - device const float* A_scales [[buffer(3)]], - device const float* B_scales [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - const uint TILE = 16; - threadgroup char As[16][16]; - threadgroup char Bs[16][16]; - - uint row = tgid.y * TILE + tid.y; - uint col = tgid.x * TILE + tid.x; - int acc = 0; - - for (uint t = 0; t < K; t += TILE) { - uint a_col = t + tid.x; - uint b_row = t + tid.y; - As[tid.y][tid.x] = (row < M && a_col < K) ? A[row * K + a_col] : 0; - Bs[tid.y][tid.x] = (b_row < K && col < N) ? B[b_row * N + col] : 0; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - for (uint k = 0; k < TILE; k++) { - acc += int(As[tid.y][k]) * int(Bs[k][tid.x]); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - if (row < M && col < N) { - float scale = (A_scales[row] * B_scales[col]) / (127.0f * 127.0f); - float result = float(acc) * scale; - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - result = clamp(result, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - C[row * N + col] = half(result); - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// INT8 MatMul with SIMD Group Matrix Operations (Apple Silicon optimized) -// Weight layout: [N, K] with row-wise scales[N] -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void int8_matmul_simd( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] half - device const char* weight [[buffer(1)]], // [N, K] int8 - device const float* weight_scales [[buffer(2)]], // [N] per-row scales - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], // [N] - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], // [M, N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(8)]], - uint simd_lane_id [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group_id [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint out_row_base = tgid.y * 8; - uint out_col_base = tgid.x * 8; - - threadgroup half A_tile[8][8]; - threadgroup half B_tile[8][8]; - - simdgroup_matrix C; - C = simdgroup_matrix(0.0f); - - for (uint k_base = 0; k_base < K; k_base += 8) { - // Load A tile - { - uint idx0 = simd_lane_id * 2; - uint idx1 = simd_lane_id * 2 + 1; - - uint r0 = idx0 / 8, c0 = idx0 % 8; - uint r1 = idx1 / 8, c1 = idx1 % 8; - - uint gr0 = out_row_base + r0, gc0 = k_base + c0; - uint gr1 = out_row_base + r1, gc1 = k_base + c1; - - A_tile[r0][c0] = (gr0 < M && gc0 < K) ? input[gr0 * K + gc0] : half(0); - A_tile[r1][c1] = (gr1 < M && gc1 < K) ? input[gr1 * K + gc1] : half(0); - } - - // Load + dequantize B tile (INT8) - { - uint idx0 = simd_lane_id * 2; - uint idx1 = simd_lane_id * 2 + 1; - - uint k0 = idx0 / 8, n0 = idx0 % 8; - uint k1 = idx1 / 8, n1 = idx1 % 8; - - uint gk0 = k_base + k0, gn0 = out_col_base + n0; - uint gk1 = k_base + k1, gn1 = out_col_base + n1; - - if (gk0 < K && gn0 < N) { - float scale = weight_scales[gn0]; - B_tile[k0][n0] = half(float(weight[gn0 * K + gk0]) * scale / 127.0f); - } else { - B_tile[k0][n0] = half(0); - } - - if (gk1 < K && gn1 < N) { - float scale = weight_scales[gn1]; - B_tile[k1][n1] = half(float(weight[gn1 * K + gk1]) * scale / 127.0f); - } else { - B_tile[k1][n1] = half(0); - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - simdgroup_matrix A_mat, B_mat; - simdgroup_load(A_mat, &A_tile[0][0], 8); - simdgroup_load(B_mat, &B_tile[0][0], 8); - simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(C, A_mat, B_mat, C); - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - // Store result - threadgroup float C_tile[8][8]; - simdgroup_store(C, &C_tile[0][0], 8); - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - for (uint idx = simd_lane_id * 2; idx < 64; idx += 64) { - uint r0 = idx / 8, c0 = idx % 8; - uint r1 = (idx + 1) / 8, c1 = (idx + 1) % 8; - - uint gr0 = out_row_base + r0, gc0 = out_col_base + c0; - uint gr1 = out_row_base + r1, gc1 = out_col_base + c1; - - if (gr0 < M && gc0 < N) { - float v = C_tile[r0][c0]; - if (has_bias) v += float(bias[gc0]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - v = clamp(v, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[gr0 * N + gc0] = half(v); - } - if (gr1 < M && gc1 < N) { - float v = C_tile[r1][c1]; - if (has_bias) v += float(bias[gc1]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - v = clamp(v, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[gr1 * N + gc1] = half(v); - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// NF4 Kernels -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void nf4_quantize( - device const float* input [[buffer(0)]], - device uchar* output [[buffer(1)]], - device float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint row = tgid.y; - if (row >= rows) return; - - uint num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - uint thread_id = tid.x; - - device const float* row_data = input + row * cols; - device uchar* row_out = output + row * (cols / 2); - device float* row_absmax = absmax + row * num_blocks; - - for (uint block = 0; block < num_blocks; block++) { - uint start = block * block_size; - uint end = min(start + block_size, cols); - uint len = end - start; - - float local_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < len; i += 256) { - local_max = max(local_max, abs(row_data[start + i])); - } - local_max = simd_max(local_max); - - threadgroup float shared[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) shared[simd_group] = local_max; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (thread_id == 0) { - float m = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) m = max(m, shared[i]); - row_absmax[block] = max(m, 1e-8f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - float bmax = row_absmax[block]; - - for (uint i = thread_id * 2; i < len; i += 512) { - uint i0 = start + i, i1 = start + i + 1; - float v0 = (i0 < cols) ? row_data[i0] / bmax : 0.0f; - float v1 = (i1 < cols) ? row_data[i1] / bmax : 0.0f; - - uchar q0 = 0, q1 = 0; - float d0 = INFINITY, d1 = INFINITY; - for (uchar c = 0; c < 16; c++) { - float dist0 = abs(v0 - NF4_CODEBOOK[c]); - float dist1 = abs(v1 - NF4_CODEBOOK[c]); - if (dist0 < d0) { d0 = dist0; q0 = c; } - if (dist1 < d1) { d1 = dist1; q1 = c; } - } - row_out[i0 / 2] = q0 | (q1 << 4); - } - } -} - -kernel void nf4_dequantize( - device const uchar* packed [[buffer(0)]], - device const float* absmax [[buffer(1)]], - device half* output [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint row = gid.y, col = gid.x; - if (row >= rows || col >= cols) return; - - uint num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - uint blk = col / block_size; - float scale = absmax[row * num_blocks + blk]; - output[row * cols + col] = half(dequant_nf4(packed[row * (cols/2) + col/2], col % 2, scale)); -} - -kernel void nf4_linear_simple( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& K_weight [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(9)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(10)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint m = gid.y, n = gid.x; - if (m >= M || n >= N) return; - - uint num_blocks = K_weight / block_size; - float acc = 0.0f; - - for (uint k = 0; k < K; k++) { - float in_val = float(input[m * K + k]); - float scale = absmax[n * num_blocks + k / block_size]; - float w_val = dequant_nf4(weight[n * (K_weight/2) + k/2], k % 2, scale); - acc += in_val * w_val; - } - - if (has_bias) acc += float(bias[n]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - acc = clamp(acc, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[m * N + n] = half(acc); -} - -constant uint TILE_M = 32; -constant uint TILE_N = 32; -constant uint TILE_K = 64; - -// ============================================================================= -// NF4 MatMul with SIMD Group Matrix Operations (Apple Silicon optimized) -// Uses hardware 8x8 matrix multiply for ~2-4x speedup -// -// Computes: C[M,N] = A[M,K] @ B[K,N] where B is dequantized from NF4 -// Weight is stored as [N, K] so B[k,n] = dequant(weight[n,k]) -// ============================================================================= - -// Simple version: one simdgroup handles one 8x8 output tile -// K = input dimension (original), K_weight = weight dimension (may be padded) -kernel void nf4_matmul_simd( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], // [N, K_weight/2] packed - device const float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], // [N, num_blocks] - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], // [N] - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], // [M, N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], // Input K (original) - constant uint& K_weight [[buffer(8)]], // Weight K (padded) - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(9)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(10)]], - uint simd_lane_id [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group_id [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - // Each threadgroup is 32 threads (1 simdgroup) - // Each threadgroup handles one 8x8 output tile - // tgid.x = output column block (0..N/8) - // tgid.y = output row block (0..M/8) - - uint out_row_base = tgid.y * 8; - uint out_col_base = tgid.x * 8; - - // Shared memory for tiles - threadgroup half A_tile[8][8]; // [8 rows, 8 cols of K] - threadgroup half B_tile[8][8]; // [8 rows of K, 8 cols] - - // Accumulator - simdgroup_matrix C; - C = simdgroup_matrix(0.0f); - - uint num_blocks = K_weight / block_size; // Use padded K for weight blocks - - // Loop over K in chunks of 8 - for (uint k_base = 0; k_base < K; k_base += 8) { - // Load A tile [8 x 8] - 64 elements, 32 threads = 2 per thread - { - uint idx0 = simd_lane_id * 2; - uint idx1 = simd_lane_id * 2 + 1; - - uint r0 = idx0 / 8, c0 = idx0 % 8; - uint r1 = idx1 / 8, c1 = idx1 % 8; - - uint gr0 = out_row_base + r0, gc0 = k_base + c0; - uint gr1 = out_row_base + r1, gc1 = k_base + c1; - - A_tile[r0][c0] = (gr0 < M && gc0 < K) ? input[gr0 * K + gc0] : half(0); - A_tile[r1][c1] = (gr1 < M && gc1 < K) ? input[gr1 * K + gc1] : half(0); - } - - // Load + dequantize B tile [8 x 8] - // B[k,n] = dequant(weight[n,k]) - { - uint idx0 = simd_lane_id * 2; - uint idx1 = simd_lane_id * 2 + 1; - - uint k0 = idx0 / 8, n0 = idx0 % 8; - uint k1 = idx1 / 8, n1 = idx1 % 8; - - uint gk0 = k_base + k0, gn0 = out_col_base + n0; - uint gk1 = k_base + k1, gn1 = out_col_base + n1; - - if (gk0 < K && gn0 < N) { - float scale = absmax[gn0 * num_blocks + gk0 / block_size]; - uchar packed = weight[gn0 * (K_weight/2) + gk0/2]; - B_tile[k0][n0] = half(dequant_nf4(packed, gk0 % 2, scale)); - } else { - B_tile[k0][n0] = half(0); - } - - if (gk1 < K && gn1 < N) { - float scale = absmax[gn1 * num_blocks + gk1 / block_size]; - uchar packed = weight[gn1 * (K_weight/2) + gk1/2]; - B_tile[k1][n1] = half(dequant_nf4(packed, gk1 % 2, scale)); - } else { - B_tile[k1][n1] = half(0); - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - // Load into simdgroup matrices and multiply - simdgroup_matrix A_mat, B_mat; - simdgroup_load(A_mat, &A_tile[0][0], 8); - simdgroup_load(B_mat, &B_tile[0][0], 8); - - simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(C, A_mat, B_mat, C); - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - // Store result - threadgroup float C_tile[8][8]; - simdgroup_store(C, &C_tile[0][0], 8); - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - // Each lane stores 2 elements - for (uint idx = simd_lane_id * 2; idx < 64; idx += 64) { - uint r0 = idx / 8, c0 = idx % 8; - uint r1 = (idx + 1) / 8, c1 = (idx + 1) % 8; - - uint gr0 = out_row_base + r0, gc0 = out_col_base + c0; - uint gr1 = out_row_base + r1, gc1 = out_col_base + c1; - - if (gr0 < M && gc0 < N) { - float v = C_tile[r0][c0]; - if (has_bias) v += float(bias[gc0]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - v = clamp(v, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[gr0 * N + gc0] = half(v); - } - if (gr1 < M && gc1 < N) { - float v = C_tile[r1][c1]; - if (has_bias) v += float(bias[gc1]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - v = clamp(v, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[gr1 * N + gc1] = half(v); - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// NF4 MatMul Large Tile - 64x64 output with 8 simdgroups using simdgroup_matrix -// Best for large M (>128) - reduces dispatch overhead, maximizes ALU utilization -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void nf4_matmul_large( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], // [N, K_weight/2] packed - device const float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], // [N, num_blocks] - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], // [N] - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], // [M, N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& K_weight [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(9)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(10)]], - uint simd_lane_id [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group_id [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - // 256 threads = 8 simdgroups - // Each threadgroup handles 64x64 output - // Each simdgroup handles 8x64 output (8 rows, 64 cols = 8 x 8x8 matrices) - // simd_group_id: 0-7 = rows 0-7, 8-15, ..., 56-63 - - const uint TILE_OUT = 64; - const uint TILE_K = 32; // K tile size - - uint out_row_base = tgid.y * TILE_OUT + simd_group_id * 8; - uint out_col_base = tgid.x * TILE_OUT; - - // Each simdgroup accumulates 8x64 = 1x8 grid of 8x8 simdgroup_matrices - simdgroup_matrix C[8]; - for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) - C[j] = simdgroup_matrix(0.0f); - - // Shared memory for tiles - threadgroup half A_shared[64][TILE_K + 1]; // [64 rows, 32 K] - threadgroup half B_shared[TILE_K][64 + 1]; // [32 K, 64 N] - - uint num_blocks = K_weight / block_size; - - // Loop over K dimension in chunks of TILE_K - for (uint k_base = 0; k_base < K; k_base += TILE_K) { - // === Cooperative load of A tile [64 x 32] === - // 256 threads, 2048 elements = 8 per thread - { - uint thread_id = simd_group_id * 32 + simd_lane_id; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 256; - uint local_row = flat_idx / TILE_K; - uint local_col = flat_idx % TILE_K; - uint global_row = tgid.y * TILE_OUT + local_row; - uint global_col = k_base + local_col; - - half val = half(0); - if (global_row < M && global_col < K) { - val = input[global_row * K + global_col]; - } - A_shared[local_row][local_col] = val; - } - } - - // === Cooperative load + dequantize B tile [32 x 64] === - // B[k,n] = dequant(weight[n,k]) - { - uint thread_id = simd_group_id * 32 + simd_lane_id; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 256; - uint local_k = flat_idx / 64; - uint local_n = flat_idx % 64; - uint global_k = k_base + local_k; - uint global_n = tgid.x * TILE_OUT + local_n; - - half val = half(0); - if (global_k < K && global_n < N) { - float scale = absmax[global_n * num_blocks + global_k / block_size]; - uchar packed = weight[global_n * (K_weight/2) + global_k/2]; - val = half(dequant_nf4(packed, global_k % 2, scale)); - } - B_shared[local_k][local_n] = val; - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - // === Each simdgroup computes its 8x64 output === - // Loop over K in chunks of 8 for simdgroup_matrix - for (uint k_inner = 0; k_inner < TILE_K; k_inner += 8) { - // Load A matrix for this simdgroup's rows [8x8] - simdgroup_matrix A_mat; - simdgroup_load(A_mat, &A_shared[simd_group_id * 8][k_inner], TILE_K + 1); - - // Load B matrices for all 8 columns [8x8 each] - simdgroup_matrix B_mat[8]; - for (int ni = 0; ni < 8; ni++) { - simdgroup_load(B_mat[ni], &B_shared[k_inner][ni * 8], 65); - } - - // Multiply-accumulate: C[ni] += A_mat * B_mat[ni] - for (int ni = 0; ni < 8; ni++) { - simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(C[ni], A_mat, B_mat[ni], C[ni]); - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - // === Store results directly to global memory === - // Each simdgroup stores its 8x64 (8 x 8x8 matrices) - // Use separate shared memory per simdgroup to avoid conflicts - threadgroup float C_all[8][8][65]; // [simdgroup][row][col] - - for (int ni = 0; ni < 8; ni++) { - simdgroup_store(C[ni], &C_all[simd_group_id][0][ni * 8], 65); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - // Each lane writes 16 elements (512 / 32 = 16) - for (uint i = 0; i < 16; i++) { - uint flat_idx = simd_lane_id + i * 32; - uint local_row = flat_idx / 64; - uint local_col = flat_idx % 64; - uint global_row = out_row_base + local_row; - uint global_col = out_col_base + local_col; - - if (global_row < M && global_col < N) { - float v = C_all[simd_group_id][local_row][local_col]; - if (has_bias) v += float(bias[global_col]); - v = clamp(v, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[global_row * N + global_col] = half(v); - } - } -} - -kernel void nf4_matmul_fused( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& K_weight [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(9)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(10)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - threadgroup half As[TILE_M][TILE_K + 1]; - threadgroup half Bs[TILE_K][TILE_N + 1]; - - uint tx = tid.x, ty = tid.y; - uint thread_id = ty * 8 + tx; - uint row_base = tgid.y * TILE_M + ty * 4; - uint col_base = tgid.x * TILE_N + tx * 4; - - float acc[4][4] = {{0.0f}}; - uint num_blocks = K_weight / block_size; - - for (uint t = 0; t < K; t += TILE_K) { - for (uint i = 0; i < (TILE_M * TILE_K) / 64; i++) { - uint fi = thread_id + i * 64; - uint lr = fi / TILE_K, lc = fi % TILE_K; - uint gr = tgid.y * TILE_M + lr, gc = t + lc; - As[lr][lc] = (gr < M && gc < K) ? input[gr * K + gc] : half(0); - } - - for (uint i = 0; i < (TILE_K * TILE_N) / 64; i++) { - uint fi = thread_id + i * 64; - uint lk = fi / TILE_N, ln = fi % TILE_N; - uint gk = t + lk, gn = tgid.x * TILE_N + ln; - if (gk < K && gn < N) { - float scale = absmax[gn * num_blocks + gk / block_size]; - Bs[lk][ln] = half(dequant_nf4(weight[gn * (K_weight/2) + gk/2], gk % 2, scale)); - } else { - Bs[lk][ln] = half(0); - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - for (uint k = 0; k < TILE_K; k++) { - half av[4], bv[4]; - for (uint m = 0; m < 4; m++) av[m] = As[ty * 4 + m][k]; - for (uint n = 0; n < 4; n++) bv[n] = Bs[k][tx * 4 + n]; - for (uint m = 0; m < 4; m++) - for (uint n = 0; n < 4; n++) - acc[m][n] += float(av[m]) * float(bv[n]); - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - for (uint m = 0; m < 4; m++) { - uint or_ = row_base + m; - if (or_ >= M) continue; - for (uint n = 0; n < 4; n++) { - uint oc = col_base + n; - if (oc >= N) continue; - float r = acc[m][n]; - if (has_bias) r += float(bias[oc]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - r = clamp(r, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[or_ * N + oc] = half(r); - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP4 Kernels -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void fp4_quantize( - device const float* input [[buffer(0)]], - device uchar* output [[buffer(1)]], - device float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint row = tgid.y; - if (row >= rows) return; - - uint num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - uint thread_id = tid.x; - - device const float* row_data = input + row * cols; - device uchar* row_out = output + row * (cols / 2); - device float* row_absmax = absmax + row * num_blocks; - - for (uint block = 0; block < num_blocks; block++) { - uint start = block * block_size; - uint end = min(start + block_size, cols); - uint len = end - start; - - float local_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < len; i += 256) { - local_max = max(local_max, abs(row_data[start + i])); - } - local_max = simd_max(local_max); - - threadgroup float shared[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) shared[simd_group] = local_max; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (thread_id == 0) { - float m = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) m = max(m, shared[i]); - row_absmax[block] = max(m, 1e-8f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - float bmax = row_absmax[block]; - - for (uint i = thread_id * 2; i < len; i += 512) { - uint i0 = start + i, i1 = start + i + 1; - float v0 = (i0 < cols) ? row_data[i0] / bmax : 0.0f; - float v1 = (i1 < cols) ? row_data[i1] / bmax : 0.0f; - - uchar q0 = 0, q1 = 0; - float d0 = INFINITY, d1 = INFINITY; - for (uchar c = 0; c < 16; c++) { - float dist0 = abs(v0 - FP4_CODEBOOK[c]); - float dist1 = abs(v1 - FP4_CODEBOOK[c]); - if (dist0 < d0) { d0 = dist0; q0 = c; } - if (dist1 < d1) { d1 = dist1; q1 = c; } - } - row_out[i0 / 2] = q0 | (q1 << 4); - } - } -} - -kernel void fp4_dequantize( - device const uchar* packed [[buffer(0)]], - device const float* absmax [[buffer(1)]], - device half* output [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint row = gid.y, col = gid.x; - if (row >= rows || col >= cols) return; - - uint num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - uint blk = col / block_size; - float scale = absmax[row * num_blocks + blk]; - output[row * cols + col] = half(dequant_fp4(packed[row * (cols/2) + col/2], col % 2, scale)); -} - -kernel void fp4_linear_simple( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& K_weight [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(9)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(10)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint m = gid.y, n = gid.x; - if (m >= M || n >= N) return; - - uint num_blocks = K_weight / block_size; - float acc = 0.0f; - - for (uint k = 0; k < K; k++) { - float in_val = float(input[m * K + k]); - float scale = absmax[n * num_blocks + k / block_size]; - float w_val = dequant_fp4(weight[n * (K_weight/2) + k/2], k % 2, scale); - acc += in_val * w_val; - } - - if (has_bias) acc += float(bias[n]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - acc = clamp(acc, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[m * N + n] = half(acc); -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP4 MatMul with SIMD Group Matrix Operations (Apple Silicon optimized) -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void fp4_matmul_simd( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], // [N, K_weight/2] packed - device const float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], // [N, num_blocks] - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], // [N] - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], // [M, N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& K_weight [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(9)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(10)]], - uint simd_lane_id [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group_id [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint out_row_base = tgid.y * 8; - uint out_col_base = tgid.x * 8; - - threadgroup half A_tile[8][8]; - threadgroup half B_tile[8][8]; - - simdgroup_matrix C; - C = simdgroup_matrix(0.0f); - - uint num_blocks = K_weight / block_size; - - for (uint k_base = 0; k_base < K; k_base += 8) { - // Load A tile - { - uint idx0 = simd_lane_id * 2; - uint idx1 = simd_lane_id * 2 + 1; - - uint r0 = idx0 / 8, c0 = idx0 % 8; - uint r1 = idx1 / 8, c1 = idx1 % 8; - - uint gr0 = out_row_base + r0, gc0 = k_base + c0; - uint gr1 = out_row_base + r1, gc1 = k_base + c1; - - A_tile[r0][c0] = (gr0 < M && gc0 < K) ? input[gr0 * K + gc0] : half(0); - A_tile[r1][c1] = (gr1 < M && gc1 < K) ? input[gr1 * K + gc1] : half(0); - } - - // Load + dequantize B tile (FP4) - { - uint idx0 = simd_lane_id * 2; - uint idx1 = simd_lane_id * 2 + 1; - - uint k0 = idx0 / 8, n0 = idx0 % 8; - uint k1 = idx1 / 8, n1 = idx1 % 8; - - uint gk0 = k_base + k0, gn0 = out_col_base + n0; - uint gk1 = k_base + k1, gn1 = out_col_base + n1; - - if (gk0 < K && gn0 < N) { - float scale = absmax[gn0 * num_blocks + gk0 / block_size]; - uchar packed = weight[gn0 * (K_weight/2) + gk0/2]; - B_tile[k0][n0] = half(dequant_fp4(packed, gk0 % 2, scale)); - } else { - B_tile[k0][n0] = half(0); - } - - if (gk1 < K && gn1 < N) { - float scale = absmax[gn1 * num_blocks + gk1 / block_size]; - uchar packed = weight[gn1 * (K_weight/2) + gk1/2]; - B_tile[k1][n1] = half(dequant_fp4(packed, gk1 % 2, scale)); - } else { - B_tile[k1][n1] = half(0); - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - simdgroup_matrix A_mat, B_mat; - simdgroup_load(A_mat, &A_tile[0][0], 8); - simdgroup_load(B_mat, &B_tile[0][0], 8); - simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(C, A_mat, B_mat, C); - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - // Store result - threadgroup float C_tile[8][8]; - simdgroup_store(C, &C_tile[0][0], 8); - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - for (uint idx = simd_lane_id * 2; idx < 64; idx += 64) { - uint r0 = idx / 8, c0 = idx % 8; - uint r1 = (idx + 1) / 8, c1 = (idx + 1) % 8; - - uint gr0 = out_row_base + r0, gc0 = out_col_base + c0; - uint gr1 = out_row_base + r1, gc1 = out_col_base + c1; - - if (gr0 < M && gc0 < N) { - float v = C_tile[r0][c0]; - if (has_bias) v += float(bias[gc0]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - v = clamp(v, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[gr0 * N + gc0] = half(v); - } - if (gr1 < M && gc1 < N) { - float v = C_tile[r1][c1]; - if (has_bias) v += float(bias[gc1]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - v = clamp(v, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[gr1 * N + gc1] = half(v); - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 Kernels -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void fp8_e4m3_quantize( - device const float* input [[buffer(0)]], - device uchar* output [[buffer(1)]], - device float* scales [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint row = tgid.y; - if (row >= rows) return; - - uint thread_id = tid.x; - device const float* row_data = input + row * cols; - device uchar* row_out = output + row * cols; - - float local_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < cols; i += 256) { - local_max = max(local_max, abs(row_data[i])); - } - local_max = simd_max(local_max); - - threadgroup float shared[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) shared[simd_group] = local_max; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (thread_id == 0) { - float m = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) m = max(m, shared[i]); - scales[row] = max(m / 448.0f, 1e-12f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - float scale = scales[row]; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < cols; i += 256) { - row_out[i] = float_to_fp8_e4m3(row_data[i] / scale); - } -} - -kernel void fp8_e4m3_dequantize( - device const uchar* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const float* scales [[buffer(1)]], - device half* output [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint row = gid.y, col = gid.x; - if (row >= rows || col >= cols) return; - - float scale = scales[row]; - float val = fp8_e4m3_to_float(input[row * cols + col]) * scale; - output[row * cols + col] = half(val); -} - -kernel void fp8_e4m3_linear( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* scales [[buffer(2)]], - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(8)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint m = gid.y, n = gid.x; - if (m >= M || n >= N) return; - - float scale = scales[n]; - float acc = 0.0f; - - for (uint k = 0; k < K; k++) { - float in_val = float(input[m * K + k]); - float w_val = fp8_e4m3_to_float(weight[n * K + k]) * scale; - acc += in_val * w_val; - } - - if (has_bias) acc += float(bias[n]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - acc = clamp(acc, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[m * N + n] = half(acc); -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 MatMul with SIMD Group Matrix Operations (Apple Silicon optimized) -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void fp8_matmul_simd( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], // [N, K] FP8 packed - device const float* scales [[buffer(2)]], // [N] per-row scales - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], // [N] - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], // [M, N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(8)]], - uint simd_lane_id [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group_id [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint out_row_base = tgid.y * 8; - uint out_col_base = tgid.x * 8; - - threadgroup half A_tile[8][8]; - threadgroup half B_tile[8][8]; - - simdgroup_matrix C; - C = simdgroup_matrix(0.0f); - - for (uint k_base = 0; k_base < K; k_base += 8) { - // Load A tile - { - uint idx0 = simd_lane_id * 2; - uint idx1 = simd_lane_id * 2 + 1; - - uint r0 = idx0 / 8, c0 = idx0 % 8; - uint r1 = idx1 / 8, c1 = idx1 % 8; - - uint gr0 = out_row_base + r0, gc0 = k_base + c0; - uint gr1 = out_row_base + r1, gc1 = k_base + c1; - - A_tile[r0][c0] = (gr0 < M && gc0 < K) ? input[gr0 * K + gc0] : half(0); - A_tile[r1][c1] = (gr1 < M && gc1 < K) ? input[gr1 * K + gc1] : half(0); - } - - // Load + dequantize B tile (FP8) - { - uint idx0 = simd_lane_id * 2; - uint idx1 = simd_lane_id * 2 + 1; - - uint k0 = idx0 / 8, n0 = idx0 % 8; - uint k1 = idx1 / 8, n1 = idx1 % 8; - - uint gk0 = k_base + k0, gn0 = out_col_base + n0; - uint gk1 = k_base + k1, gn1 = out_col_base + n1; - - if (gk0 < K && gn0 < N) { - float scale = scales[gn0]; - B_tile[k0][n0] = half(fp8_e4m3_to_float(weight[gn0 * K + gk0]) * scale); - } else { - B_tile[k0][n0] = half(0); - } - - if (gk1 < K && gn1 < N) { - float scale = scales[gn1]; - B_tile[k1][n1] = half(fp8_e4m3_to_float(weight[gn1 * K + gk1]) * scale); - } else { - B_tile[k1][n1] = half(0); - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - simdgroup_matrix A_mat, B_mat; - simdgroup_load(A_mat, &A_tile[0][0], 8); - simdgroup_load(B_mat, &B_tile[0][0], 8); - simdgroup_multiply_accumulate(C, A_mat, B_mat, C); - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - // Store result - threadgroup float C_tile[8][8]; - simdgroup_store(C, &C_tile[0][0], 8); - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - for (uint idx = simd_lane_id * 2; idx < 64; idx += 64) { - uint r0 = idx / 8, c0 = idx % 8; - uint r1 = (idx + 1) / 8, c1 = (idx + 1) % 8; - - uint gr0 = out_row_base + r0, gc0 = out_col_base + c0; - uint gr1 = out_row_base + r1, gc1 = out_col_base + c1; - - if (gr0 < M && gc0 < N) { - float v = C_tile[r0][c0]; - if (has_bias) v += float(bias[gc0]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - v = clamp(v, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[gr0 * N + gc0] = half(v); - } - if (gr1 < M && gc1 < N) { - float v = C_tile[r1][c1]; - if (has_bias) v += float(bias[gc1]); - // Clamp to half range to prevent Inf - v = clamp(v, -FP16_MAX_VAL, FP16_MAX_VAL); - output[gr1 * N + gc1] = half(v); - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Double Quantization (quantize absmax with INT8) -// ============================================================================= - -// ============================================================================= -// Embedding Kernels -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void embedding_4bit_nf4( - device const uint* indices [[buffer(0)]], - device const uchar* weight_packed [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], - device half* output [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& num_indices [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& embedding_dim [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& num_blocks [[buffer(7)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint idx_pos = tgid.y; - if (idx_pos >= num_indices) return; - - uint emb_idx = indices[idx_pos]; - uint thread_id = tid.x; - uint packed_dim = embedding_dim / 2; - - device const uchar* row_packed = weight_packed + emb_idx * packed_dim; - device const float* row_absmax = absmax + emb_idx * num_blocks; - device half* out_row = output + idx_pos * embedding_dim; - - for (uint col = thread_id; col < embedding_dim; col += 256) { - uint blk = col / block_size; - float scale = row_absmax[blk]; - uchar packed = row_packed[col / 2]; - float val = dequant_nf4(packed, col % 2, scale); - out_row[col] = half(val); - } -} - -kernel void embedding_4bit_fp4( - device const uint* indices [[buffer(0)]], - device const uchar* weight_packed [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], - device half* output [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& num_indices [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& embedding_dim [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& num_blocks [[buffer(7)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint idx_pos = tgid.y; - if (idx_pos >= num_indices) return; - - uint emb_idx = indices[idx_pos]; - uint thread_id = tid.x; - uint packed_dim = embedding_dim / 2; - - device const uchar* row_packed = weight_packed + emb_idx * packed_dim; - device const float* row_absmax = absmax + emb_idx * num_blocks; - device half* out_row = output + idx_pos * embedding_dim; - - for (uint col = thread_id; col < embedding_dim; col += 256) { - uint blk = col / block_size; - float scale = row_absmax[blk]; - uchar packed = row_packed[col / 2]; - float val = dequant_fp4(packed, col % 2, scale); - out_row[col] = half(val); - } -} - -kernel void embedding_8bit( - device const uint* indices [[buffer(0)]], - device const char* weight_int8 [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* weight_scales [[buffer(2)]], - device half* output [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& num_indices [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& embedding_dim [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint col = gid.x; - uint idx_pos = gid.y; - if (col >= embedding_dim || idx_pos >= num_indices) return; - - uint emb_idx = indices[idx_pos]; - float scale = weight_scales[emb_idx]; - float val = float(weight_int8[emb_idx * embedding_dim + col]) * scale / 127.0f; - output[idx_pos * embedding_dim + col] = half(val); -} - -// ============================================================================= -// 8-bit Optimizer Kernels -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void adam8bit_step( - device half* param [[buffer(0)]], - device const half* grad [[buffer(1)]], - device char* exp_avg_int8 [[buffer(2)]], - device float* exp_avg_absmax [[buffer(3)]], - device uchar* exp_avg_sq_u8 [[buffer(4)]], - device float* exp_avg_sq_max [[buffer(5)]], - constant float& beta1 [[buffer(6)]], - constant float& beta2 [[buffer(7)]], - constant float& eps [[buffer(8)]], - constant float& lr [[buffer(9)]], - constant float& weight_decay [[buffer(10)]], - constant uint& step [[buffer(11)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(12)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(13)]], - constant uint& is_adamw [[buffer(14)]], - uint tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint block_idx = tgid; - uint block_start = block_idx * block_size; - if (block_start >= N) return; - uint block_end = min(block_start + block_size, N); - uint block_len = block_end - block_start; - - // Dequantize exp_avg (signed int8) - float m_absmax = exp_avg_absmax[block_idx]; - // Dequantize exp_avg_sq (unsigned uint8 with sqrt compression) - float v_max = exp_avg_sq_max[block_idx]; - - // Bias correction - float bc1 = 1.0f - pow(beta1, float(step)); - float bc2 = 1.0f - pow(beta2, float(step)); - float step_size = lr / bc1; - - // Process elements in this block - // Phase 1: Update moments and param, track new absmax - float new_m_max = 0.0f; - float new_v_max = 0.0f; - - // We process multiple elements per thread - for (uint i = tid; i < block_len; i += 256) { - uint global_idx = block_start + i; - - // Load param and grad - float p = float(param[global_idx]); - float g = float(grad[global_idx]); - - // Dequantize m - float m = float(exp_avg_int8[global_idx]) * (m_absmax / 127.0f); - // Dequantize v (reverse sqrt compression) - float v_sqrt = float(exp_avg_sq_u8[global_idx]) / 255.0f; - float v = v_sqrt * v_sqrt * v_max; - - // Weight decay - if (is_adamw != 0) { - // AdamW: decoupled weight decay - p = p * (1.0f - lr * weight_decay); - } else { - // Adam: L2 regularization on gradient - g = g + weight_decay * p; - } - - // Update moments - m = beta1 * m + (1.0f - beta1) * g; - v = beta2 * v + (1.0f - beta2) * g * g; - - // Update param - float v_hat = v / bc2; - float update = m * step_size / (sqrt(v_hat) + eps); - p = p - update; - param[global_idx] = half(p); - - // Track absmax for requantization - new_m_max = max(new_m_max, abs(m)); - new_v_max = max(new_v_max, v); - - // Store float values temporarily in the int8 buffers - // We'll requantize after the reduction - // Use a two-pass approach: store to threadgroup memory - } - - // SIMD reduction for new_m_max - new_m_max = simd_max(new_m_max); - new_v_max = simd_max(new_v_max); - - threadgroup float shared_m[8]; - threadgroup float shared_v[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) { - shared_m[simd_group] = new_m_max; - shared_v[simd_group] = new_v_max; - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (tid == 0) { - float m_max = 0.0f, v_mx = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) { - m_max = max(m_max, shared_m[i]); - v_mx = max(v_mx, shared_v[i]); - } - exp_avg_absmax[block_idx] = max(m_max, 1e-8f); - exp_avg_sq_max[block_idx] = max(v_mx, 1e-12f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - // Phase 2: Requantize with new absmax - float final_m_max = exp_avg_absmax[block_idx]; - float final_v_max = exp_avg_sq_max[block_idx]; - - for (uint i = tid; i < block_len; i += 256) { - uint global_idx = block_start + i; - - // Re-compute moments (same math as above) - float p_orig = float(param[global_idx]); - // We need the updated m and v values - recompute from original - float g = float(grad[global_idx]); - float m = float(exp_avg_int8[global_idx]) * (m_absmax / 127.0f); - float v_sqrt = float(exp_avg_sq_u8[global_idx]) / 255.0f; - float v = v_sqrt * v_sqrt * v_max; - - if (is_adamw == 0) { - // Need to reconstruct the adjusted gradient for L2 - // But param already updated, so we just recompute moments - float p_before_update = p_orig; // already updated, get original - g = g + weight_decay * float(grad[global_idx]); // approx - } - - m = beta1 * m + (1.0f - beta1) * g; - v = beta2 * v + (1.0f - beta2) * g * g; - - // Requantize m -> int8 - exp_avg_int8[global_idx] = char(clamp(round(m / final_m_max * 127.0f), -127.0f, 127.0f)); - // Requantize v -> uint8 with sqrt compression - float v_norm = v / final_v_max; - exp_avg_sq_u8[global_idx] = uchar(clamp(round(sqrt(v_norm) * 255.0f), 0.0f, 255.0f)); - } -} - -kernel void lion8bit_step( - device half* param [[buffer(0)]], - device const half* grad [[buffer(1)]], - device char* exp_avg_int8 [[buffer(2)]], - device float* exp_avg_absmax [[buffer(3)]], - constant float& beta1 [[buffer(4)]], - constant float& beta2 [[buffer(5)]], - constant float& lr [[buffer(6)]], - constant float& weight_decay [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(9)]], - uint tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint block_idx = tgid; - uint block_start = block_idx * block_size; - if (block_start >= N) return; - uint block_end = min(block_start + block_size, N); - uint block_len = block_end - block_start; - - float m_absmax = exp_avg_absmax[block_idx]; - float new_m_max = 0.0f; - - for (uint i = tid; i < block_len; i += 256) { - uint global_idx = block_start + i; - - float p = float(param[global_idx]); - float g = float(grad[global_idx]); - - // Dequantize m - float m = float(exp_avg_int8[global_idx]) * (m_absmax / 127.0f); - - // Weight decay (decoupled) - p = p * (1.0f - lr * weight_decay); - - // Lion update: sign of interpolation - float u = beta1 * m + (1.0f - beta1) * g; - p = p - lr * sign(u); - param[global_idx] = half(p); - - // Update momentum for next step - m = beta2 * m + (1.0f - beta2) * g; - new_m_max = max(new_m_max, abs(m)); - - // Store m temporarily (will requantize after reduction) - // We use a float reinterpret trick - store as int bits - // Actually, we need a second pass. Store m in shared or recompute. - } - - // SIMD reduction for new_m_max - new_m_max = simd_max(new_m_max); - threadgroup float shared[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) shared[simd_group] = new_m_max; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (tid == 0) { - float mx = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) mx = max(mx, shared[i]); - exp_avg_absmax[block_idx] = max(mx, 1e-8f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - // Phase 2: Requantize - float final_m_max = exp_avg_absmax[block_idx]; - for (uint i = tid; i < block_len; i += 256) { - uint global_idx = block_start + i; - float g = float(grad[global_idx]); - float m = float(exp_avg_int8[global_idx]) * (m_absmax / 127.0f); - m = beta2 * m + (1.0f - beta2) * g; - exp_avg_int8[global_idx] = char(clamp(round(m / final_m_max * 127.0f), -127.0f, 127.0f)); - } -} - -kernel void sgd8bit_step( - device half* param [[buffer(0)]], - device const half* grad [[buffer(1)]], - device char* momentum_int8 [[buffer(2)]], - device float* momentum_absmax [[buffer(3)]], - constant float& lr [[buffer(4)]], - constant float& momentum_val [[buffer(5)]], - constant float& dampening [[buffer(6)]], - constant float& weight_decay [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& nesterov [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(9)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(10)]], - uint tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint block_idx = tgid; - uint block_start = block_idx * block_size; - if (block_start >= N) return; - uint block_end = min(block_start + block_size, N); - uint block_len = block_end - block_start; - - float buf_absmax = momentum_absmax[block_idx]; - float new_buf_max = 0.0f; - - for (uint i = tid; i < block_len; i += 256) { - uint global_idx = block_start + i; - - float p = float(param[global_idx]); - float g = float(grad[global_idx]); - - // Weight decay (L2) - g = g + weight_decay * p; - - // Dequantize momentum buffer - float buf = float(momentum_int8[global_idx]) * (buf_absmax / 127.0f); - - // Update momentum buffer - buf = momentum_val * buf + (1.0f - dampening) * g; - new_buf_max = max(new_buf_max, abs(buf)); - - // Apply update - float update; - if (nesterov != 0) { - update = g + momentum_val * buf; - } else { - update = buf; - } - p = p - lr * update; - param[global_idx] = half(p); - } - - // SIMD reduction - new_buf_max = simd_max(new_buf_max); - threadgroup float shared[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) shared[simd_group] = new_buf_max; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (tid == 0) { - float mx = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) mx = max(mx, shared[i]); - momentum_absmax[block_idx] = max(mx, 1e-8f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - // Phase 2: Requantize - float final_buf_max = momentum_absmax[block_idx]; - for (uint i = tid; i < block_len; i += 256) { - uint global_idx = block_start + i; - float p = float(param[global_idx]); - float g = float(grad[global_idx]); - g = g + weight_decay * p; - float buf = float(momentum_int8[global_idx]) * (buf_absmax / 127.0f); - buf = momentum_val * buf + (1.0f - dampening) * g; - momentum_int8[global_idx] = char(clamp(round(buf / final_buf_max * 127.0f), -127.0f, 127.0f)); - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Sparse MatMul Kernels (CSR format) -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void spmm_csr( - device const uint* row_ptr [[buffer(0)]], - device const uint* col_indices [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* values [[buffer(2)]], - device const half* dense [[buffer(3)]], - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint col = gid.x; - uint row = gid.y; - if (row >= M || col >= N) return; - - uint start = row_ptr[row]; - uint end = row_ptr[row + 1]; - - float acc = 0.0f; - for (uint i = start; i < end; i++) { - uint k = col_indices[i]; - acc += values[i] * float(dense[k * N + col]); - } - output[row * N + col] = half(acc); -} - -kernel void spmm_csr_int8( - device const uint* row_ptr [[buffer(0)]], - device const uint* col_indices [[buffer(1)]], - device const char* values_int8 [[buffer(2)]], - device const float& values_scale [[buffer(3)]], - device const half* dense [[buffer(4)]], - device half* output [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(8)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint col = gid.x; - uint row = gid.y; - if (row >= M || col >= N) return; - - uint start = row_ptr[row]; - uint end = row_ptr[row + 1]; - - float acc = 0.0f; - for (uint i = start; i < end; i++) { - uint k = col_indices[i]; - float val = float(values_int8[i]) * values_scale; - acc += val * float(dense[k * N + col]); - } - output[row * N + col] = half(acc); -} - -kernel void double_quant_absmax( - device const float* absmax [[buffer(0)]], - device uchar* absmax_quant [[buffer(1)]], - device float* absmax_scales [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& num_rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& blocks_per_row [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& double_quant_block [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint row = tgid.y; - if (row >= num_rows) return; - - uint thread_id = tid.x; - uint total_blocks = blocks_per_row; - uint dq_blocks = (total_blocks + double_quant_block - 1) / double_quant_block; - - device const float* row_absmax = absmax + row * blocks_per_row; - device uchar* row_quant = absmax_quant + row * blocks_per_row; - device float* row_scales = absmax_scales + row * dq_blocks; - - for (uint dqb = 0; dqb < dq_blocks; dqb++) { - uint start = dqb * double_quant_block; - uint end = min(start + double_quant_block, total_blocks); - uint len = end - start; - - float local_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < len; i += 256) { - local_max = max(local_max, abs(row_absmax[start + i])); - } - local_max = simd_max(local_max); - - threadgroup float shared[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) shared[simd_group] = local_max; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (thread_id == 0) { - float m = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) m = max(m, shared[i]); - row_scales[dqb] = max(m / 127.0f, 1e-12f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - float scale = row_scales[dqb]; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < len; i += 256) { - float val = row_absmax[start + i] / scale; - row_quant[start + i] = uchar(clamp(round(val), 0.0f, 255.0f)); - } - } -} -)"; - -// ============================================================================= -// Initialize Metal Library (Thread-Safe) -// ============================================================================= - -static std::atomic g_library_initialized{false}; -static std::mutex g_library_mutex; -static std::mutex g_pipeline_mutex; - -static void init_library() { - // Fast path: already initialized - if (g_library_initialized.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) { - return; - } - - // Slow path: acquire lock and initialize - std::lock_guard lock(g_library_mutex); - - // Double-check after acquiring lock - if (g_library_initialized.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) { - return; - } - - ensure_device(); - - @autoreleasepool { - NSError* error = nil; - MTLCompileOptions* options = [[MTLCompileOptions alloc] init]; - options.mathMode = MTLMathModeFast; - - NSString* source = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:KERNELS_SOURCE]; - g_library = [g_device newLibraryWithSource:source options:options error:&error]; - - if (!g_library) { - throw std::runtime_error("Failed to compile Metal library: " + - std::string([[error localizedDescription] UTF8String])); - } - } - - g_library_initialized.store(true, std::memory_order_release); -} - -static id get_pipeline(const std::string& name) { - init_library(); - - // Check cache with lock (pipelines map is not thread-safe) - { - std::lock_guard lock(g_pipeline_mutex); - auto it = g_pipelines.find(name); - if (it != g_pipelines.end()) { - return it->second; - } - } - - // Create pipeline (can be done outside lock) - id pipeline = nil; - @autoreleasepool { - NSError* error = nil; - id fn = [g_library newFunctionWithName: - [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name.c_str()]]; - if (!fn) { - throw std::runtime_error("Function not found: " + name); - } - - pipeline = [g_device newComputePipelineStateWithFunction:fn error:&error]; - if (!pipeline) { - throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create pipeline: " + name); - } - } - - // Store in cache with lock - { - std::lock_guard lock(g_pipeline_mutex); - // Another thread may have added it, but that's OK - overwrite is safe - g_pipelines[name] = pipeline; - } - - return pipeline; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// INT8 Operations -// ============================================================================= - -at::Tensor matmul_int8_mps( - const at::Tensor& A, - const at::Tensor& B, - const at::Tensor& A_scales, - const at::Tensor& B_scales, - at::ScalarType out_dtype -) { - TORCH_CHECK(A.device().is_mps() && B.device().is_mps(), "Inputs must be on MPS"); - TORCH_CHECK(A.dtype() == at::kChar && B.dtype() == at::kChar, "Inputs must be int8"); - - const int64_t M = A.size(0), K = A.size(1), N = B.size(1); - TORCH_CHECK(B.size(0) == K, "Dimension mismatch"); - - auto A_s = A_scales.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - auto B_s = B_scales.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - auto A_c = A.contiguous(); - auto B_c = B.contiguous(); - // Kernels always output fp16, we convert to requested dtype at the end - auto output_fp16 = at::empty({M, N}, A.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("int8_matmul_dequant"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(A_c) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(B_c) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output_fp16) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(A_s) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(B_s) offset:0 atIndex:4]; - - uint32_t dims[3] = {(uint32_t)M, (uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)K}; - [encoder setBytes:&dims[0] length:4 atIndex:5]; - [encoder setBytes:&dims[1] length:4 atIndex:6]; - [encoder setBytes:&dims[2] length:4 atIndex:7]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake((N + 15) / 16 * 16, (M + 15) / 16 * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - // Convert to requested output dtype - return (out_dtype == at::kHalf) ? output_fp16 : output_fp16.to(out_dtype); -} - -// INT8 linear layer: half input @ int8 weight (with row-wise scales) -at::Tensor linear_int8_mps(const at::Tensor& input, const at::Tensor& weight, - const at::Tensor& weight_scales, const std::optional& bias, - at::ScalarType dtype) { - bool is_1d = input.dim() == 1; - auto input_2d = is_1d ? input.unsqueeze(0) : input; - - const int64_t M = input_2d.size(0), K = input_2d.size(1), N = weight.size(0); - TORCH_CHECK(weight.size(1) == K, "Weight K mismatch"); - - auto input_c = input_2d.to(at::kHalf).contiguous(); - auto weight_c = weight.contiguous(); - auto scales_c = weight_scales.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - bool has_bias = bias.has_value(); - auto bias_c = has_bias ? bias.value().to(at::kHalf).contiguous() : at::empty({1}, input.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - // Kernels always output fp16, we convert to requested dtype at the end - auto output_fp16 = at::empty({M, N}, input.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - - // Use SIMD kernel for small batches (M <= 128) - bool use_simd = (M <= 128 && N >= 8 && K >= 8); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline(use_simd ? "int8_matmul_simd" : "int8_matmul_dequant"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(input_c) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(weight_c) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(scales_c) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(bias_c) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output_fp16) offset:0 atIndex:4]; - - uint32_t params[4] = {(uint32_t)M, (uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)K, has_bias ? 1u : 0u}; - for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms[i] length:4 atIndex:5 + i]; - - if (use_simd) { - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(32, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake((N + 7) / 8, (M + 7) / 8, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } else { - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake((N + 15) / 16 * 16, (M + 15) / 16 * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - } - - // Convert to requested output dtype - auto output = (dtype == at::kHalf) ? output_fp16 : output_fp16.to(dtype); - return is_1d ? output.squeeze(0) : output; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// NF4 Operations -// ============================================================================= - -std::tuple quantize_nf4_mps(const at::Tensor& input, int64_t block_size) { - TORCH_CHECK(input.device().is_mps(), "Input must be on MPS"); - TORCH_CHECK(input.dim() == 2, "Input must be 2D"); - TORCH_CHECK(input.size(1) % 2 == 0, "Cols must be even"); - - const int64_t rows = input.size(0), cols = input.size(1); - const int64_t num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - auto input_f32 = input.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - auto packed = at::empty({rows, cols / 2}, input.options().dtype(at::kByte)); - auto absmax = at::empty({rows, num_blocks}, input.options().dtype(at::kFloat)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("nf4_quantize"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(input_f32) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(packed) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - - uint32_t params[3] = {(uint32_t)rows, (uint32_t)cols, (uint32_t)block_size}; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[0] length:4 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[1] length:4 atIndex:4]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[2] length:4 atIndex:5]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake(256, rows, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return std::make_tuple(packed, absmax); -} - -at::Tensor dequantize_nf4_mps(const at::Tensor& packed, const at::Tensor& absmax, int64_t block_size, at::ScalarType dtype) { - TORCH_CHECK(packed.device().is_mps() && absmax.device().is_mps(), "Inputs must be on MPS"); - - const int64_t rows = packed.size(0), cols = packed.size(1) * 2; - auto output = at::empty({rows, cols}, packed.options().dtype(dtype)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("nf4_dequantize"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(packed) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous()) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - - uint32_t params[3] = {(uint32_t)rows, (uint32_t)cols, (uint32_t)block_size}; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[0] length:4 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[1] length:4 atIndex:4]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[2] length:4 atIndex:5]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake((cols + 15) / 16 * 16, (rows + 15) / 16 * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return output; -} - -at::Tensor matmul_nf4_mps(const at::Tensor& input, const at::Tensor& weight_packed, - const at::Tensor& weight_absmax, const std::optional& bias, - int64_t block_size, at::ScalarType dtype) { - TORCH_CHECK(input.device().is_mps(), "Input must be on MPS"); - - bool is_1d = input.dim() == 1; - auto input_2d = is_1d ? input.unsqueeze(0) : input; - - const int64_t M = input_2d.size(0), K = input_2d.size(1), N = weight_packed.size(0); - // K_weight is the padded K dimension used for weight storage - const int64_t K_weight = weight_packed.size(1) * 2; - - auto input_c = input_2d.to(at::kHalf).contiguous(); - auto weight_c = weight_packed.contiguous(); - auto absmax_c = weight_absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - bool has_bias = bias.has_value(); - auto bias_c = has_bias ? bias.value().to(at::kHalf).contiguous() : at::empty({1}, input.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - // Kernels always output fp16, we convert to requested dtype at the end - auto output_fp16 = at::empty({M, N}, input.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - - // Choose kernel based on matrix size: - // - simd: M <= 128, N >= 8, K >= 8 (8x8 tiles, 1 simdgroup - up to 15x faster) - // - large: 128 < M <= 512, N >= 64, K >= 32 (64x64 tiles, 8 simdgroups - 1.1-1.9x faster) - // - For M > 512: fall back to dequant+matmul (PyTorch's GEMM is faster) - // - tiled: fallback for edge cases - // - simple: fallback for very small matrices - bool use_simd = (M <= 128 && N >= 8 && K >= 8); - bool use_large = (M > 128 && M <= 512 && N >= 64 && K >= 32); - bool use_tiled = !use_simd && !use_large && (M >= 32 && N >= 32 && K >= 64); - - const char* kernel_name = use_simd ? "nf4_matmul_simd" : - use_large ? "nf4_matmul_large" : - use_tiled ? "nf4_matmul_fused" : "nf4_linear_simple"; - auto pipeline = get_pipeline(kernel_name); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(input_c) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(weight_c) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax_c) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(bias_c) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output_fp16) offset:0 atIndex:4]; - - uint32_t params[6] = {(uint32_t)M, (uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)K, (uint32_t)K_weight, (uint32_t)block_size, has_bias ? 1u : 0u}; - for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms[i] length:4 atIndex:5 + i]; - - if (use_simd) { - // SIMD kernel: 32 threads (1 simdgroup) per threadgroup - // Each threadgroup handles 8x8 output - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(32, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake((N + 7) / 8, (M + 7) / 8, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } else if (use_large) { - // Large kernel: 256 threads (8 simdgroups) per threadgroup - // Each threadgroup handles 64x64 output - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake((N + 63) / 64, (M + 63) / 64, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } else if (use_tiled) { - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(8, 8, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake((N + 31) / 32, (M + 31) / 32, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } else { - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake((N + 15) / 16 * 16, (M + 15) / 16 * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - } - - // Convert to requested output dtype - auto output = (dtype == at::kHalf) ? output_fp16 : output_fp16.to(dtype); - return is_1d ? output.squeeze(0) : output; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP4 Operations -// ============================================================================= - -std::tuple quantize_fp4_mps(const at::Tensor& input, int64_t block_size) { - TORCH_CHECK(input.device().is_mps(), "Input must be on MPS"); - TORCH_CHECK(input.dim() == 2 && input.size(1) % 2 == 0, "Invalid input shape"); - - const int64_t rows = input.size(0), cols = input.size(1); - const int64_t num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - auto input_f32 = input.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - auto packed = at::empty({rows, cols / 2}, input.options().dtype(at::kByte)); - auto absmax = at::empty({rows, num_blocks}, input.options().dtype(at::kFloat)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("fp4_quantize"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(input_f32) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(packed) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - - uint32_t params[3] = {(uint32_t)rows, (uint32_t)cols, (uint32_t)block_size}; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[0] length:4 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[1] length:4 atIndex:4]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[2] length:4 atIndex:5]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake(256, rows, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return std::make_tuple(packed, absmax); -} - -at::Tensor dequantize_fp4_mps(const at::Tensor& packed, const at::Tensor& absmax, int64_t block_size, at::ScalarType dtype) { - const int64_t rows = packed.size(0), cols = packed.size(1) * 2; - auto output = at::empty({rows, cols}, packed.options().dtype(dtype)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("fp4_dequantize"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(packed) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous()) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - - uint32_t params[3] = {(uint32_t)rows, (uint32_t)cols, (uint32_t)block_size}; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[0] length:4 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[1] length:4 atIndex:4]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[2] length:4 atIndex:5]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake((cols + 15) / 16 * 16, (rows + 15) / 16 * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return output; -} - -at::Tensor matmul_fp4_mps(const at::Tensor& input, const at::Tensor& weight_packed, - const at::Tensor& weight_absmax, const std::optional& bias, - int64_t block_size, at::ScalarType dtype) { - bool is_1d = input.dim() == 1; - auto input_2d = is_1d ? input.unsqueeze(0) : input; - - const int64_t M = input_2d.size(0), K = input_2d.size(1), N = weight_packed.size(0); - // K_weight is the padded K dimension used for weight storage - const int64_t K_weight = weight_packed.size(1) * 2; - - auto input_c = input_2d.to(at::kHalf).contiguous(); - auto weight_c = weight_packed.contiguous(); - auto absmax_c = weight_absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - bool has_bias = bias.has_value(); - auto bias_c = has_bias ? bias.value().to(at::kHalf).contiguous() : at::empty({1}, input.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - // Kernels always output fp16, we convert to requested dtype at the end - auto output_fp16 = at::empty({M, N}, input.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - - // Use SIMD kernel for small batches (M <= 128), fallback to simple for larger - bool use_simd = (M <= 128 && N >= 8 && K >= 8); - const char* kernel_name = use_simd ? "fp4_matmul_simd" : "fp4_linear_simple"; - auto pipeline = get_pipeline(kernel_name); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(input_c) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(weight_c) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax_c) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(bias_c) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output_fp16) offset:0 atIndex:4]; - - uint32_t params[6] = {(uint32_t)M, (uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)K, (uint32_t)K_weight, (uint32_t)block_size, has_bias ? 1u : 0u}; - for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms[i] length:4 atIndex:5 + i]; - - if (use_simd) { - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(32, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake((N + 7) / 8, (M + 7) / 8, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } else { - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake((N + 15) / 16 * 16, (M + 15) / 16 * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - } - - // Convert to requested output dtype - auto output = (dtype == at::kHalf) ? output_fp16 : output_fp16.to(dtype); - return is_1d ? output.squeeze(0) : output; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 Operations -// ============================================================================= - -std::tuple quantize_fp8_e4m3_mps(const at::Tensor& input) { - TORCH_CHECK(input.device().is_mps(), "Input must be on MPS"); - TORCH_CHECK(input.dim() == 2, "Input must be 2D"); - - const int64_t rows = input.size(0), cols = input.size(1); - - auto input_f32 = input.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - auto output = at::empty({rows, cols}, input.options().dtype(at::kByte)); - auto scales = at::empty({rows}, input.options().dtype(at::kFloat)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("fp8_e4m3_quantize"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(input_f32) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(scales) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - - uint32_t params[2] = {(uint32_t)rows, (uint32_t)cols}; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[0] length:4 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[1] length:4 atIndex:4]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake(256, rows, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return std::make_tuple(output, scales); -} - -at::Tensor dequantize_fp8_e4m3_mps(const at::Tensor& input, const at::Tensor& scales, at::ScalarType dtype) { - const int64_t rows = input.size(0), cols = input.size(1); - auto output = at::empty({rows, cols}, input.options().dtype(dtype)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("fp8_e4m3_dequantize"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(input) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(scales.to(at::kFloat).contiguous()) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - - uint32_t params[2] = {(uint32_t)rows, (uint32_t)cols}; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[0] length:4 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[1] length:4 atIndex:4]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake((cols + 15) / 16 * 16, (rows + 15) / 16 * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return output; -} - -at::Tensor matmul_fp8_e4m3_mps(const at::Tensor& input, const at::Tensor& weight, - const at::Tensor& weight_scales, const std::optional& bias, - at::ScalarType dtype) { - bool is_1d = input.dim() == 1; - auto input_2d = is_1d ? input.unsqueeze(0) : input; - - const int64_t M = input_2d.size(0), K = input_2d.size(1), N = weight.size(0); - - auto input_c = input_2d.to(at::kHalf).contiguous(); - auto weight_c = weight.contiguous(); - auto scales_c = weight_scales.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - bool has_bias = bias.has_value(); - auto bias_c = has_bias ? bias.value().to(at::kHalf).contiguous() : at::empty({1}, input.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - // Kernels always output fp16, we convert to requested dtype at the end - auto output_fp16 = at::empty({M, N}, input.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - - // Use SIMD kernel for small batches (M <= 128), fallback to simple for larger - bool use_simd = (M <= 128 && N >= 8 && K >= 8); - const char* kernel_name = use_simd ? "fp8_matmul_simd" : "fp8_e4m3_linear"; - auto pipeline = get_pipeline(kernel_name); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(input_c) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(weight_c) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(scales_c) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(bias_c) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output_fp16) offset:0 atIndex:4]; - - uint32_t params[4] = {(uint32_t)M, (uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)K, has_bias ? 1u : 0u}; - for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms[i] length:4 atIndex:5 + i]; - - if (use_simd) { - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(32, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake((N + 7) / 8, (M + 7) / 8, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } else { - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake((N + 15) / 16 * 16, (M + 15) / 16 * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - } - - // Convert to requested output dtype - auto output = (dtype == at::kHalf) ? output_fp16 : output_fp16.to(dtype); - return is_1d ? output.squeeze(0) : output; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Double Quantization -// ============================================================================= - -std::tuple double_quant_mps(const at::Tensor& absmax, int64_t double_quant_block) { - TORCH_CHECK(absmax.device().is_mps(), "Input must be on MPS"); - TORCH_CHECK(absmax.dim() == 2, "Input must be 2D"); - - const int64_t rows = absmax.size(0), blocks_per_row = absmax.size(1); - const int64_t dq_blocks = (blocks_per_row + double_quant_block - 1) / double_quant_block; - - auto absmax_f32 = absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - auto absmax_quant = at::empty({rows, blocks_per_row}, absmax.options().dtype(at::kByte)); - auto absmax_scales = at::empty({rows, dq_blocks}, absmax.options().dtype(at::kFloat)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("double_quant_absmax"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax_f32) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax_quant) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax_scales) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - - uint32_t params[3] = {(uint32_t)rows, (uint32_t)blocks_per_row, (uint32_t)double_quant_block}; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[0] length:4 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[1] length:4 atIndex:4]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[2] length:4 atIndex:5]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake(256, rows, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return std::make_tuple(absmax_quant, absmax_scales); -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Embedding Operations -// ============================================================================= - -at::Tensor embedding_4bit_nf4_mps( - const at::Tensor& indices, - const at::Tensor& weight_packed, - const at::Tensor& absmax, - int64_t embedding_dim, - int64_t block_size -) { - TORCH_CHECK(indices.device().is_mps(), "indices must be on MPS"); - TORCH_CHECK(weight_packed.device().is_mps(), "weight must be on MPS"); - - auto indices_c = indices.to(at::kInt).contiguous(); - auto weight_c = weight_packed.contiguous(); - auto absmax_c = absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - int64_t num_indices = indices_c.numel(); - int64_t num_blocks = (embedding_dim + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - auto output = at::empty({num_indices, embedding_dim}, weight_packed.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("embedding_4bit_nf4"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(indices_c) offset:indices_c.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(weight_c) offset:weight_c.storage_offset() atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax_c) offset:absmax_c.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - - uint32_t params[4] = {(uint32_t)num_indices, (uint32_t)embedding_dim, (uint32_t)block_size, (uint32_t)num_blocks}; - for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms[i] length:4 atIndex:4 + i]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake(1, num_indices, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return output; -} - -at::Tensor embedding_4bit_fp4_mps( - const at::Tensor& indices, - const at::Tensor& weight_packed, - const at::Tensor& absmax, - int64_t embedding_dim, - int64_t block_size -) { - TORCH_CHECK(indices.device().is_mps(), "indices must be on MPS"); - - auto indices_c = indices.to(at::kInt).contiguous(); - auto weight_c = weight_packed.contiguous(); - auto absmax_c = absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - int64_t num_indices = indices_c.numel(); - int64_t num_blocks = (embedding_dim + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - auto output = at::empty({num_indices, embedding_dim}, weight_packed.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("embedding_4bit_fp4"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(indices_c) offset:indices_c.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(weight_c) offset:weight_c.storage_offset() atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(absmax_c) offset:absmax_c.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - - uint32_t params[4] = {(uint32_t)num_indices, (uint32_t)embedding_dim, (uint32_t)block_size, (uint32_t)num_blocks}; - for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms[i] length:4 atIndex:4 + i]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake(1, num_indices, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return output; -} - -at::Tensor embedding_8bit_mps( - const at::Tensor& indices, - const at::Tensor& weight_int8, - const at::Tensor& weight_scales -) { - TORCH_CHECK(indices.device().is_mps(), "indices must be on MPS"); - - auto indices_c = indices.to(at::kInt).contiguous(); - auto weight_c = weight_int8.contiguous(); - auto scales_c = weight_scales.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - int64_t num_indices = indices_c.numel(); - int64_t embedding_dim = weight_int8.size(1); - - auto output = at::empty({num_indices, embedding_dim}, weight_int8.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("embedding_8bit"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(indices_c) offset:indices_c.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(weight_c) offset:weight_c.storage_offset() atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(scales_c) offset:scales_c.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - - uint32_t params[2] = {(uint32_t)num_indices, (uint32_t)embedding_dim}; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[0] length:4 atIndex:4]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms[1] length:4 atIndex:5]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake(((embedding_dim + 15) / 16) * 16, ((num_indices + 15) / 16) * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return output; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// 8-bit Optimizer Operations -// ============================================================================= - -void adam8bit_step_mps( - at::Tensor& param, - const at::Tensor& grad, - at::Tensor& exp_avg_int8, - at::Tensor& exp_avg_absmax, - at::Tensor& exp_avg_sq_u8, - at::Tensor& exp_avg_sq_max, - double beta1, double beta2, double eps, double lr, - double weight_decay, int64_t step, int64_t block_size, - bool is_adamw -) { - TORCH_CHECK(param.device().is_mps(), "param must be on MPS"); - - auto param_c = param.contiguous(); - auto grad_c = grad.to(at::kHalf).contiguous(); - auto ea_int8 = exp_avg_int8.contiguous(); - auto ea_absmax = exp_avg_absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - auto ea_sq_u8 = exp_avg_sq_u8.contiguous(); - auto ea_sq_max = exp_avg_sq_max.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - int64_t N = param_c.numel(); - int64_t num_blocks = (N + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("adam8bit_step"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(param_c) offset:param_c.storage_offset()*2 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(grad_c) offset:grad_c.storage_offset()*2 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(ea_int8) offset:ea_int8.storage_offset() atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(ea_absmax) offset:ea_absmax.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(ea_sq_u8) offset:ea_sq_u8.storage_offset() atIndex:4]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(ea_sq_max) offset:ea_sq_max.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:5]; - - float params_f[5] = {(float)beta1, (float)beta2, (float)eps, (float)lr, (float)weight_decay}; - for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms_f[i] length:4 atIndex:6 + i]; - - uint32_t params_u[4] = {(uint32_t)step, (uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)block_size, is_adamw ? 1u : 0u}; - for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms_u[i] length:4 atIndex:11 + i]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake(num_blocks, 1, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - // Copy results back if param was not contiguous - if (!param.is_contiguous()) { - param.copy_(param_c); - } - exp_avg_int8.copy_(ea_int8); - exp_avg_absmax.copy_(ea_absmax); - exp_avg_sq_u8.copy_(ea_sq_u8); - exp_avg_sq_max.copy_(ea_sq_max); -} - -void lion8bit_step_mps( - at::Tensor& param, - const at::Tensor& grad, - at::Tensor& exp_avg_int8, - at::Tensor& exp_avg_absmax, - double beta1, double beta2, double lr, - double weight_decay, int64_t block_size -) { - TORCH_CHECK(param.device().is_mps(), "param must be on MPS"); - - auto param_c = param.contiguous(); - auto grad_c = grad.to(at::kHalf).contiguous(); - auto ea_int8 = exp_avg_int8.contiguous(); - auto ea_absmax = exp_avg_absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - int64_t N = param_c.numel(); - int64_t num_blocks = (N + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("lion8bit_step"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(param_c) offset:param_c.storage_offset()*2 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(grad_c) offset:grad_c.storage_offset()*2 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(ea_int8) offset:ea_int8.storage_offset() atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(ea_absmax) offset:ea_absmax.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:3]; - - float params_f[4] = {(float)beta1, (float)beta2, (float)lr, (float)weight_decay}; - for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms_f[i] length:4 atIndex:4 + i]; - - uint32_t params_u[2] = {(uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)block_size}; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms_u[0] length:4 atIndex:8]; - [encoder setBytes:¶ms_u[1] length:4 atIndex:9]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake(num_blocks, 1, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - if (!param.is_contiguous()) param.copy_(param_c); - exp_avg_int8.copy_(ea_int8); - exp_avg_absmax.copy_(ea_absmax); -} - -void sgd8bit_step_mps( - at::Tensor& param, - const at::Tensor& grad, - at::Tensor& momentum_int8, - at::Tensor& momentum_absmax, - double lr, double momentum, double dampening, - double weight_decay, bool nesterov, int64_t block_size -) { - TORCH_CHECK(param.device().is_mps(), "param must be on MPS"); - - auto param_c = param.contiguous(); - auto grad_c = grad.to(at::kHalf).contiguous(); - auto m_int8 = momentum_int8.contiguous(); - auto m_absmax = momentum_absmax.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - int64_t N = param_c.numel(); - int64_t num_blocks = (N + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("sgd8bit_step"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(param_c) offset:param_c.storage_offset()*2 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(grad_c) offset:grad_c.storage_offset()*2 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(m_int8) offset:m_int8.storage_offset() atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(m_absmax) offset:m_absmax.storage_offset()*4 atIndex:3]; - - float params_f[4] = {(float)lr, (float)momentum, (float)dampening, (float)weight_decay}; - for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms_f[i] length:4 atIndex:4 + i]; - - uint32_t params_u[3] = {nesterov ? 1u : 0u, (uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)block_size}; - for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms_u[i] length:4 atIndex:8 + i]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(256, 1, 1); - MTLSize ntg = MTLSizeMake(num_blocks, 1, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:ntg threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - if (!param.is_contiguous()) param.copy_(param_c); - momentum_int8.copy_(m_int8); - momentum_absmax.copy_(m_absmax); -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Sparse MatMul Operations -// ============================================================================= - -at::Tensor spmm_coo_mps( - const at::Tensor& row_indices, - const at::Tensor& col_indices, - const at::Tensor& values, - const at::Tensor& dense, - int64_t sparse_rows, - int64_t sparse_cols -) { - TORCH_CHECK(dense.device().is_mps(), "dense must be on MPS"); - - int64_t M = sparse_rows; - int64_t N = dense.size(1); - int64_t K = sparse_cols; - int64_t nnz = values.numel(); - - auto values_c = values.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - auto dense_c = dense.to(at::kHalf).contiguous(); - - // Convert COO to CSR on CPU (cheap) - auto row_idx_cpu = row_indices.to(at::kLong).cpu(); - auto col_idx_cpu = col_indices.to(at::kInt).cpu(); - - // Sort by row - auto sort_indices = row_idx_cpu.argsort(); - auto sorted_rows = row_idx_cpu.index_select(0, sort_indices); - auto sorted_cols = col_idx_cpu.index_select(0, sort_indices); - auto sorted_vals_cpu = values_c.cpu().index_select(0, sort_indices.to(values_c.device())); - - // Build row_ptr - auto row_ptr_cpu = at::zeros({M + 1}, at::kInt); - auto row_ptr_acc = row_ptr_cpu.accessor(); - auto sorted_rows_acc = sorted_rows.accessor(); - for (int64_t i = 0; i < nnz; i++) { - row_ptr_acc[sorted_rows_acc[i] + 1]++; - } - for (int64_t i = 1; i <= M; i++) { - row_ptr_acc[i] += row_ptr_acc[i - 1]; - } - - // Move to MPS - auto row_ptr_mps = row_ptr_cpu.to(at::kInt).to(dense.device()); - auto col_idx_mps = sorted_cols.to(at::kInt).to(dense.device()); - auto vals_mps = sorted_vals_cpu.to(at::kFloat).to(dense.device()); - - auto output = at::zeros({M, N}, dense.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("spmm_csr"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(row_ptr_mps) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(col_idx_mps) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(vals_mps) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(dense_c) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output) offset:0 atIndex:4]; - - uint32_t params[3] = {(uint32_t)M, (uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)K}; - for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms[i] length:4 atIndex:5 + i]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake(((N + 15) / 16) * 16, ((M + 15) / 16) * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return output; -} - -at::Tensor spmm_coo_int8_mps( - const at::Tensor& row_indices, - const at::Tensor& col_indices, - const at::Tensor& values_int8, - const at::Tensor& values_scale, - const at::Tensor& dense, - int64_t sparse_rows, - int64_t sparse_cols -) { - TORCH_CHECK(dense.device().is_mps(), "dense must be on MPS"); - - int64_t M = sparse_rows; - int64_t N = dense.size(1); - int64_t K = sparse_cols; - int64_t nnz = values_int8.numel(); - - auto dense_c = dense.to(at::kHalf).contiguous(); - auto scale_c = values_scale.to(at::kFloat).contiguous(); - - // Convert COO to CSR on CPU - auto row_idx_cpu = row_indices.to(at::kLong).cpu(); - auto col_idx_cpu = col_indices.to(at::kInt).cpu(); - - auto sort_indices = row_idx_cpu.argsort(); - auto sorted_rows = row_idx_cpu.index_select(0, sort_indices); - auto sorted_cols = col_idx_cpu.index_select(0, sort_indices); - auto sorted_vals_cpu = values_int8.cpu().index_select(0, sort_indices.to(values_int8.device())); - - auto row_ptr_cpu = at::zeros({M + 1}, at::kInt); - auto row_ptr_acc = row_ptr_cpu.accessor(); - auto sorted_rows_acc = sorted_rows.accessor(); - for (int64_t i = 0; i < nnz; i++) { - row_ptr_acc[sorted_rows_acc[i] + 1]++; - } - for (int64_t i = 1; i <= M; i++) { - row_ptr_acc[i] += row_ptr_acc[i - 1]; - } - - auto row_ptr_mps = row_ptr_cpu.to(at::kInt).to(dense.device()); - auto col_idx_mps = sorted_cols.to(at::kInt).to(dense.device()); - auto vals_mps = sorted_vals_cpu.to(at::kChar).to(dense.device()); - - auto output = at::zeros({M, N}, dense.options().dtype(at::kHalf)); - - @autoreleasepool { - auto stream = at::mps::getCurrentMPSStream(); - auto encoder = stream->commandEncoder(); - auto pipeline = get_pipeline("spmm_csr_int8"); - - [encoder setComputePipelineState:pipeline]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(row_ptr_mps) offset:0 atIndex:0]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(col_idx_mps) offset:0 atIndex:1]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(vals_mps) offset:0 atIndex:2]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(scale_c) offset:0 atIndex:3]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(dense_c) offset:0 atIndex:4]; - [encoder setBuffer:at::native::mps::getMTLBufferStorage(output) offset:0 atIndex:5]; - - uint32_t params[3] = {(uint32_t)M, (uint32_t)N, (uint32_t)K}; - for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) [encoder setBytes:¶ms[i] length:4 atIndex:6 + i]; - - MTLSize tg = MTLSizeMake(16, 16, 1); - MTLSize grid = MTLSizeMake(((N + 15) / 16) * 16, ((M + 15) / 16) * 16, 1); - [encoder dispatchThreads:grid threadsPerThreadgroup:tg]; - } - - return output; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Python Bindings -// ============================================================================= - -PYBIND11_MODULE(_C, m) { - m.doc() = "MPS BitsAndBytes - INT8, NF4, FP4, FP8 quantization for Apple Silicon"; - - // INT8 - m.def("matmul_int8", &matmul_int8_mps, "INT8 matmul", - py::arg("A"), py::arg("B"), py::arg("A_scales"), py::arg("B_scales"), - py::arg("out_dtype") = at::kHalf); - m.def("linear_int8", &linear_int8_mps, "INT8 linear layer (half input, int8 weight)", - py::arg("input"), py::arg("weight"), py::arg("weight_scales"), - py::arg("bias") = py::none(), py::arg("out_dtype") = at::kHalf); - - // NF4 - m.def("quantize_nf4", &quantize_nf4_mps, py::arg("input"), py::arg("block_size") = 64); - m.def("dequantize_nf4", &dequantize_nf4_mps, - py::arg("packed"), py::arg("absmax"), py::arg("block_size") = 64, py::arg("out_dtype") = at::kHalf); - m.def("matmul_nf4", &matmul_nf4_mps, - py::arg("input"), py::arg("weight_packed"), py::arg("weight_absmax"), - py::arg("bias") = py::none(), py::arg("block_size") = 64, py::arg("out_dtype") = at::kHalf); - - // FP4 - m.def("quantize_fp4", &quantize_fp4_mps, py::arg("input"), py::arg("block_size") = 64); - m.def("dequantize_fp4", &dequantize_fp4_mps, - py::arg("packed"), py::arg("absmax"), py::arg("block_size") = 64, py::arg("out_dtype") = at::kHalf); - m.def("matmul_fp4", &matmul_fp4_mps, - py::arg("input"), py::arg("weight_packed"), py::arg("weight_absmax"), - py::arg("bias") = py::none(), py::arg("block_size") = 64, py::arg("out_dtype") = at::kHalf); - - // FP8 - m.def("quantize_fp8_e4m3", &quantize_fp8_e4m3_mps, py::arg("input")); - m.def("dequantize_fp8_e4m3", &dequantize_fp8_e4m3_mps, - py::arg("input"), py::arg("scales"), py::arg("out_dtype") = at::kHalf); - m.def("matmul_fp8_e4m3", &matmul_fp8_e4m3_mps, - py::arg("input"), py::arg("weight"), py::arg("weight_scales"), - py::arg("bias") = py::none(), py::arg("out_dtype") = at::kHalf); - - // Double Quantization - m.def("double_quant", &double_quant_mps, py::arg("absmax"), py::arg("double_quant_block") = 256); - - // Embedding - m.def("embedding_4bit_nf4", &embedding_4bit_nf4_mps, - py::arg("indices"), py::arg("weight_packed"), py::arg("absmax"), - py::arg("embedding_dim"), py::arg("block_size")); - m.def("embedding_4bit_fp4", &embedding_4bit_fp4_mps, - py::arg("indices"), py::arg("weight_packed"), py::arg("absmax"), - py::arg("embedding_dim"), py::arg("block_size")); - m.def("embedding_8bit", &embedding_8bit_mps, - py::arg("indices"), py::arg("weight_int8"), py::arg("weight_scales")); - - // 8-bit Optimizers - m.def("adam8bit_step", &adam8bit_step_mps, - py::arg("param"), py::arg("grad"), - py::arg("exp_avg_int8"), py::arg("exp_avg_absmax"), - py::arg("exp_avg_sq_u8"), py::arg("exp_avg_sq_max"), - py::arg("beta1"), py::arg("beta2"), py::arg("eps"), py::arg("lr"), - py::arg("weight_decay"), py::arg("step"), py::arg("block_size"), - py::arg("is_adamw")); - m.def("lion8bit_step", &lion8bit_step_mps, - py::arg("param"), py::arg("grad"), - py::arg("exp_avg_int8"), py::arg("exp_avg_absmax"), - py::arg("beta1"), py::arg("beta2"), py::arg("lr"), - py::arg("weight_decay"), py::arg("block_size")); - m.def("sgd8bit_step", &sgd8bit_step_mps, - py::arg("param"), py::arg("grad"), - py::arg("momentum_int8"), py::arg("momentum_absmax"), - py::arg("lr"), py::arg("momentum"), py::arg("dampening"), - py::arg("weight_decay"), py::arg("nesterov"), py::arg("block_size")); - - // Sparse MatMul - m.def("spmm_coo", &spmm_coo_mps, - py::arg("row_indices"), py::arg("col_indices"), py::arg("values"), - py::arg("dense"), py::arg("sparse_rows"), py::arg("sparse_cols")); - m.def("spmm_coo_int8", &spmm_coo_int8_mps, - py::arg("row_indices"), py::arg("col_indices"), py::arg("values_int8"), - py::arg("values_scale"), py::arg("dense"), py::arg("sparse_rows"), py::arg("sparse_cols")); -} diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/functional.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/functional.py deleted file mode 100644 index 677b4bc..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/functional.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1216 +0,0 @@ -""" -MPS BitsAndBytes - Functional API - -Core functions for quantizing, dequantizing, and computing with quantized tensors. -API compatible with bitsandbytes for drop-in replacement. - -Supports: INT8, NF4, FP4, FP8 (E4M3), and Double Quantization. -""" - -import torch -from torch import Tensor -from typing import Tuple, Optional -from dataclasses import dataclass -import warnings - -# ============================================================================= -# Codebooks -# ============================================================================= - -# NF4: 16 values optimized for normal distribution -NF4_CODEBOOK = torch.tensor([ - -1.0, -0.6961928009986877, -0.5250730514526367, -0.39491748809814453, - -0.28444138169288635, -0.18477343022823334, -0.09105003625154495, 0.0, - 0.07958029955625534, 0.16093020141124725, 0.24611230194568634, 0.33791524171829224, - 0.44070982933044434, 0.5626170039176941, 0.7229568362236023, 1.0 -], dtype=torch.float32) - -# FP4: Normalized floating point distribution -FP4_CODEBOOK = torch.tensor([ - 0.0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, - -0.0, -0.0625, -0.125, -0.25, -0.375, -0.5, -0.75, -1.0 -], dtype=torch.float32) - - -def create_normal_map(offset=0.9677083, use_extra_value=True): - """Create NF4 codebook (for compatibility with bitsandbytes).""" - return NF4_CODEBOOK.clone() - - -def create_fp4_map(signed=True): - """Create FP4 codebook (for compatibility with bitsandbytes).""" - return FP4_CODEBOOK.clone() - - -# Track fallback occurrences for debugging -_native_fallback_count = 0 -_native_fallback_warned = False - - -def _try_load_native(): - """Try to load native C++ extension.""" - try: - from . import _C - return _C - except ImportError: - return None - - -def _warn_native_fallback(operation: str): - """Warn user when falling back to Python implementation.""" - global _native_fallback_count, _native_fallback_warned - _native_fallback_count += 1 - - # Only warn once per session to avoid spam - if not _native_fallback_warned: - warnings.warn( - f"mps-bitsandbytes: Native kernel unavailable for {operation}, " - f"using Python fallback (10-100x slower). " - f"Build the C++ extension with: pip install -e . --no-build-isolation", - UserWarning, - stacklevel=3 - ) - _native_fallback_warned = True - - -def _check_device(tensor: Tensor, operation: str = "operation"): - """Check if tensor is on a supported device (MPS or CPU).""" - device_type = tensor.device.type - if device_type not in ('mps', 'cpu'): - raise ValueError( - f"mps-bitsandbytes {operation} requires tensor on 'mps' or 'cpu' device, " - f"got '{device_type}'. Move tensor with .to('mps') or .to('cpu')" - ) - - -# ============================================================================= -# QuantState - Matches bitsandbytes API -# ============================================================================= - -@dataclass -class QuantState: - """ - Quantization state for dequantization. - - Matches bitsandbytes QuantState for API compatibility. - - Attributes: - absmax: Absolute maximum values per block - shape: Original tensor shape - code: Quantization codebook (NF4 or FP4) - blocksize: Block size used for quantization - quant_type: 'nf4' or 'fp4' - dtype: Original tensor dtype - offset: Optional offset tensor - state2: Nested QuantState for double quantization - """ - absmax: Tensor - shape: torch.Size - code: Optional[Tensor] = None - blocksize: int = 64 - quant_type: str = "nf4" - dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16 - offset: Optional[Tensor] = None - state2: Optional['QuantState'] = None - - def __post_init__(self): - if self.code is None: - self.code = NF4_CODEBOOK if self.quant_type == "nf4" else FP4_CODEBOOK - - def to(self, device): - """Move state to device.""" - self.absmax = self.absmax.to(device) - if self.code is not None: - self.code = self.code.to(device) - if self.offset is not None: - self.offset = self.offset.to(device) - if self.state2 is not None: - self.state2 = self.state2.to(device) - return self - - def as_dict(self, packed=False): - """Convert to dictionary for serialization.""" - return { - 'absmax': self.absmax, - 'shape': self.shape, - 'blocksize': self.blocksize, - 'quant_type': self.quant_type, - 'dtype': self.dtype, - 'state2': self.state2.as_dict() if self.state2 else None, - } - - @classmethod - def from_dict(cls, state_dict, device='cpu'): - """Create from dictionary.""" - state2 = None - if state_dict.get('state2') is not None: - state2 = cls.from_dict(state_dict['state2'], device) - - return cls( - absmax=state_dict['absmax'].to(device), - shape=state_dict['shape'], - blocksize=state_dict.get('blocksize', 64), - quant_type=state_dict.get('quant_type', 'nf4'), - dtype=state_dict.get('dtype', torch.float16), - state2=state2, - ) - - -# ============================================================================= -# 4-bit Quantization - bitsandbytes compatible API -# ============================================================================= - -def quantize_4bit( - A: Tensor, - absmax: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out: Optional[Tensor] = None, - blocksize: int = 64, - compress_statistics: bool = False, - quant_type: str = "nf4", - quant_storage: torch.dtype = torch.uint8, -) -> Tuple[Tensor, QuantState]: - """ - Quantize tensor to 4-bit NF4 or FP4 format. - - For 2D weight tensors [N, K], quantization is done row-wise: - each row is quantized independently with its own absmax blocks. - This allows efficient fused matmul kernels. - - Args: - A: Input tensor (any shape, will be flattened internally) - absmax: Optional pre-allocated absmax tensor - out: Optional pre-allocated output tensor - blocksize: Elements per quantization block (default: 64) - compress_statistics: If True, apply double quantization to absmax - quant_type: 'nf4' or 'fp4' - quant_storage: dtype for storing quantized values (default: uint8) - - Returns: - Tuple of (quantized tensor, QuantState) - """ - if quant_type not in ("nf4", "fp4"): - raise ValueError(f"quant_type must be 'nf4' or 'fp4', got {quant_type}") - - # Validate device - _check_device(A, "quantize_4bit") - - # Validate blocksize to prevent overflow and ensure reasonable values - if blocksize <= 0: - raise ValueError(f"blocksize must be positive, got {blocksize}") - if blocksize > 65536: - raise ValueError(f"blocksize too large ({blocksize}), max is 65536") - if (blocksize & (blocksize - 1)) != 0: - raise ValueError(f"blocksize must be a power of 2, got {blocksize}") - - # Check tensor size to prevent overflow in padding calculation - max_safe_numel = 2**31 - 1 # Max int32 to avoid overflow - if A.numel() > max_safe_numel: - raise ValueError(f"Tensor too large ({A.numel()} elements), max is {max_safe_numel}") - - orig_shape = A.shape - orig_dtype = A.dtype - A = A.contiguous() - - # For 2D tensors (weight matrices), use row-wise quantization - # This enables efficient fused matmul kernels - if A.dim() == 2: - N, K = A.shape - # Pad K to be divisible by blocksize - K_padded = ((K + blocksize - 1) // blocksize) * blocksize - if K_padded % 2 != 0: - K_padded += blocksize - - A_padded = torch.zeros(N, K_padded, dtype=A.dtype, device=A.device) - A_padded[:, :K] = A - - # Reshape to [N, num_blocks_per_row, blocksize] - num_blocks_per_row = K_padded // blocksize - A_blocked = A_padded.view(N, num_blocks_per_row, blocksize) - - # Compute absmax per block (row-wise) - if absmax is None: - absmax = A_blocked.float().abs().max(dim=2).values.clamp(min=1e-8) - # absmax shape: [N, num_blocks_per_row] - - # Normalize and quantize - codebook = NF4_CODEBOOK if quant_type == "nf4" else FP4_CODEBOOK - codebook = codebook.to(A.device) - - A_norm = A_blocked.float() / absmax.unsqueeze(-1) - - # Find nearest codebook entry - diffs = (A_norm.unsqueeze(-1) - codebook.view(1, 1, 1, -1)).abs() - indices = diffs.argmin(dim=-1).to(torch.uint8) # [N, num_blocks_per_row, blocksize] - - # Pack two 4-bit values per byte - indices_flat = indices.view(N, -1) # [N, K_padded] - packed_K = K_padded // 2 - if out is None: - out = torch.zeros(N, packed_K, dtype=quant_storage, device=A.device) - - out[:] = (indices_flat[:, 0::2] | (indices_flat[:, 1::2] << 4)).to(quant_storage) - out = out.flatten() - - # Flatten absmax for storage - absmax = absmax.flatten() - - else: - # For non-2D tensors, use flat quantization (original behavior) - numel = A.numel() - padded_numel = ((numel + blocksize - 1) // blocksize) * blocksize - if padded_numel % 2 != 0: - padded_numel += blocksize - - A_flat = torch.zeros(padded_numel, dtype=A.dtype, device=A.device) - A_flat[:numel] = A.flatten() - - num_blocks = padded_numel // blocksize - A_blocked = A_flat.view(num_blocks, blocksize) - - if absmax is None: - absmax = A_blocked.float().abs().max(dim=1).values.clamp(min=1e-8) - - codebook = NF4_CODEBOOK if quant_type == "nf4" else FP4_CODEBOOK - codebook = codebook.to(A.device) - - A_norm = A_blocked.float() / absmax.unsqueeze(1) - - diffs = (A_norm.unsqueeze(-1) - codebook.view(1, 1, -1)).abs() - indices = diffs.argmin(dim=-1).to(torch.uint8) - - indices_flat = indices.flatten() - packed_numel = padded_numel // 2 - if out is None: - out = torch.zeros(packed_numel, dtype=quant_storage, device=A.device) - - out[:] = (indices_flat[0::2] | (indices_flat[1::2] << 4)).to(quant_storage) - - # Double quantization - state2 = None - if compress_statistics: - absmax_quant, state2 = quantize_blockwise(absmax, blocksize=256) - absmax = absmax_quant - - quant_state = QuantState( - absmax=absmax, - shape=orig_shape, - blocksize=blocksize, - quant_type=quant_type, - dtype=orig_dtype, - state2=state2, - ) - - return out, quant_state - - -def dequantize_4bit( - A: Tensor, - quant_state: Optional[QuantState] = None, - absmax: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out: Optional[Tensor] = None, - blocksize: int = 64, - quant_type: str = "nf4", -) -> Tensor: - """ - Dequantize 4-bit tensor back to floating point. - - Args: - A: Quantized tensor (packed uint8) - quant_state: QuantState from quantize_4bit - absmax: Optional absmax (if quant_state not provided) - out: Optional pre-allocated output tensor - blocksize: Block size (if quant_state not provided) - quant_type: 'nf4' or 'fp4' (if quant_state not provided) - - Returns: - Dequantized tensor with original shape - """ - if quant_state is not None: - absmax = quant_state.absmax - blocksize = quant_state.blocksize - quant_type = quant_state.quant_type - shape = quant_state.shape - dtype = quant_state.dtype - - # Handle double quantization - if quant_state.state2 is not None: - absmax = dequantize_blockwise(absmax, quant_state.state2) - else: - if absmax is None: - raise ValueError("Either quant_state or absmax must be provided") - shape = None - dtype = torch.float16 - - codebook = NF4_CODEBOOK if quant_type == "nf4" else FP4_CODEBOOK - codebook = codebook.to(A.device) - - # For 2D weight matrices, use row-wise dequantization - if shape is not None and len(shape) == 2: - N, K = shape - K_padded = ((K + blocksize - 1) // blocksize) * blocksize - if K_padded % 2 != 0: - K_padded += blocksize - num_blocks_per_row = K_padded // blocksize - - # Reshape packed data to [N, K_padded/2] - packed_K = K_padded // 2 - A_2d = A.view(N, packed_K) - - # Unpack - low = (A_2d & 0x0F).long() - high = ((A_2d >> 4) & 0x0F).long() - - # Interleave to get [N, K_padded] - unpacked = torch.zeros(N, K_padded, dtype=torch.long, device=A.device) - unpacked[:, 0::2] = low - unpacked[:, 1::2] = high - - # Reshape to [N, num_blocks_per_row, blocksize] - unpacked = unpacked.view(N, num_blocks_per_row, blocksize) - - # Reshape absmax to [N, num_blocks_per_row] - absmax_2d = absmax.view(N, num_blocks_per_row) - - # Dequantize - values = codebook[unpacked] # [N, num_blocks_per_row, blocksize] - values = values * absmax_2d.unsqueeze(-1) - - # Reshape to [N, K] - values = values.view(N, K_padded)[:, :K] - - if out is None: - out = values.to(dtype) - else: - out[:] = values.to(dtype) - - return out - - # For non-2D tensors, use flat dequantization (original behavior) - # Unpack - low = (A & 0x0F).long() - high = ((A >> 4) & 0x0F).long() - - # Interleave - unpacked = torch.zeros(A.numel() * 2, dtype=torch.long, device=A.device) - unpacked[0::2] = low.flatten() - unpacked[1::2] = high.flatten() - - # Reshape to blocks - num_blocks = absmax.numel() - padded_numel = num_blocks * blocksize - unpacked = unpacked[:padded_numel].view(num_blocks, blocksize) - - # Dequantize - values = codebook[unpacked] # [num_blocks, blocksize] - values = values * absmax.view(-1, 1) - - # Reshape to original - if out is None: - if shape is not None: - out = values.flatten()[:torch.Size(shape).numel()].view(shape).to(dtype) - else: - out = values.flatten().to(dtype) - else: - out[:] = values.flatten()[:out.numel()].view(out.shape).to(dtype) - - return out - - -def quantize_nf4( - A: Tensor, - absmax: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out: Optional[Tensor] = None, - blocksize: int = 64, - compress_statistics: bool = False, - quant_storage: torch.dtype = torch.uint8, -) -> Tuple[Tensor, QuantState]: - """Quantize to NF4 format. Alias for quantize_4bit with quant_type='nf4'.""" - return quantize_4bit(A, absmax, out, blocksize, compress_statistics, "nf4", quant_storage) - - -def dequantize_nf4( - A: Tensor, - quant_state: Optional[QuantState] = None, - absmax: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out: Optional[Tensor] = None, - blocksize: int = 64, -) -> Tensor: - """Dequantize NF4 tensor. Alias for dequantize_4bit with quant_type='nf4'.""" - return dequantize_4bit(A, quant_state, absmax, out, blocksize, "nf4") - - -def quantize_fp4( - A: Tensor, - absmax: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out: Optional[Tensor] = None, - blocksize: int = 64, - compress_statistics: bool = False, - quant_storage: torch.dtype = torch.uint8, -) -> Tuple[Tensor, QuantState]: - """Quantize to FP4 format. Alias for quantize_4bit with quant_type='fp4'.""" - return quantize_4bit(A, absmax, out, blocksize, compress_statistics, "fp4", quant_storage) - - -def dequantize_fp4( - A: Tensor, - quant_state: Optional[QuantState] = None, - absmax: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out: Optional[Tensor] = None, - blocksize: int = 64, -) -> Tensor: - """Dequantize FP4 tensor. Alias for dequantize_4bit with quant_type='fp4'.""" - return dequantize_4bit(A, quant_state, absmax, out, blocksize, "fp4") - - -# ============================================================================= -# Blockwise Quantization (INT8) -# ============================================================================= - -def quantize_blockwise( - A: Tensor, - code: Optional[Tensor] = None, - absmax: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out: Optional[Tensor] = None, - blocksize: int = 4096, - nested: bool = False, -) -> Tuple[Tensor, QuantState]: - """ - Quantize tensor to INT8 using blockwise absmax scaling. - - Args: - A: Input tensor - code: Optional codebook (unused, for API compatibility) - absmax: Optional pre-allocated absmax tensor - out: Optional pre-allocated output tensor - blocksize: Elements per block - nested: If True, apply nested quantization - - Returns: - Tuple of (quantized tensor, QuantState) - """ - # Validate device - _check_device(A, "quantize_blockwise") - - # Validate blocksize - if blocksize <= 0: - raise ValueError(f"blocksize must be positive, got {blocksize}") - if blocksize > 65536: - raise ValueError(f"blocksize too large ({blocksize}), max is 65536") - - orig_shape = A.shape - orig_dtype = A.dtype - A = A.contiguous().flatten() - numel = A.numel() - - # Pad to blocksize - padded_numel = ((numel + blocksize - 1) // blocksize) * blocksize - A_padded = torch.zeros(padded_numel, dtype=A.dtype, device=A.device) - A_padded[:numel] = A - - num_blocks = padded_numel // blocksize - A_blocked = A_padded.view(num_blocks, blocksize) - - # Compute absmax per block - if absmax is None: - absmax = A_blocked.float().abs().max(dim=1).values.clamp(min=1e-8) - - # Quantize - scale = 127.0 / absmax.unsqueeze(1) - if out is None: - out = torch.clamp(torch.round(A_blocked.float() * scale), -127, 127).to(torch.int8) - else: - out[:] = torch.clamp(torch.round(A_blocked.float() * scale), -127, 127).to(torch.int8) - - out = out.flatten()[:numel].view(orig_shape) - - state2 = None - if nested: - absmax, state2 = quantize_blockwise(absmax, blocksize=256) - - quant_state = QuantState( - absmax=absmax, - shape=orig_shape, - blocksize=blocksize, - quant_type="int8", - dtype=orig_dtype, - state2=state2, - ) - - return out, quant_state - - -def dequantize_blockwise( - A: Tensor, - quant_state: Optional[QuantState] = None, - absmax: Optional[Tensor] = None, - code: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out: Optional[Tensor] = None, - blocksize: int = 4096, - nested: bool = False, -) -> Tensor: - """ - Dequantize blockwise INT8 tensor. - - Args: - A: Quantized int8 tensor - quant_state: QuantState from quantize_blockwise - absmax: Optional absmax (if quant_state not provided) - code: Unused, for API compatibility - out: Optional pre-allocated output tensor - blocksize: Block size (if quant_state not provided) - nested: If True, dequantize nested state first - - Returns: - Dequantized tensor - """ - if quant_state is not None: - absmax = quant_state.absmax - blocksize = quant_state.blocksize - shape = quant_state.shape - dtype = quant_state.dtype - - if quant_state.state2 is not None: - absmax = dequantize_blockwise(absmax, quant_state.state2) - else: - if absmax is None: - raise ValueError("Either quant_state or absmax must be provided") - shape = A.shape - dtype = torch.float16 - - A_flat = A.flatten().float() - numel = A_flat.numel() - - # Pad - padded_numel = ((numel + blocksize - 1) // blocksize) * blocksize - A_padded = torch.zeros(padded_numel, dtype=torch.float32, device=A.device) - A_padded[:numel] = A_flat - - num_blocks = padded_numel // blocksize - A_blocked = A_padded.view(num_blocks, blocksize) - - # Dequantize - scale = absmax.view(-1, 1) / 127.0 - dequant = A_blocked * scale - dequant = dequant.flatten()[:numel].view(shape).to(dtype) - - if out is not None: - out[:] = dequant - return out - - return dequant - - -# ============================================================================= -# Convenience aliases for old API (backward compatibility) -# ============================================================================= - -def quantize_rowwise(tensor: Tensor) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]: - """ - Quantize tensor to INT8 using row-wise absmax scaling. - - Returns: - Tuple of (quantized int8 tensor, scales) - """ - orig_shape = tensor.shape - tensor_2d = tensor.view(-1, tensor.shape[-1]) - - absmax = tensor_2d.float().abs().max(dim=-1).values - scales = absmax.clamp(min=1e-8) - - quantized = torch.clamp( - torch.round(tensor_2d.float() * (127.0 / scales.unsqueeze(-1))), - -127, 127 - ).to(torch.int8) - - return quantized.view(orig_shape), scales - - -def dequantize_rowwise(quantized: Tensor, scales: Tensor, - dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16) -> Tensor: - """Dequantize INT8 tensor with row-wise scales.""" - orig_shape = quantized.shape - quantized_2d = quantized.view(-1, quantized.shape[-1]) - scales_2d = scales.view(-1) - - dequantized = (quantized_2d.float() * (scales_2d.unsqueeze(-1) / 127.0)).to(dtype) - return dequantized.view(orig_shape) - - -# ============================================================================= -# FP8 (8-bit Floating Point) - E4M3 format -# ============================================================================= - -def quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor: Tensor) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]: - """ - Quantize tensor to FP8 E4M3 format. - - FP8 E4M3 (1 sign, 4 exponent, 3 mantissa) offers better precision - than INT8 with similar memory footprint. Range: +/-448. - - Args: - tensor: Input tensor - - Returns: - Tuple of (quantized uint8 tensor, row-wise scales) - """ - if tensor.dim() != 2: - raise ValueError("Input must be 2D") - - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and tensor.device.type == 'mps': - return _C.quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor) - _warn_native_fallback("quantize_fp8_e4m3") - return _quantize_fp8_e4m3_python(tensor) - - -def dequantize_fp8_e4m3(quantized: Tensor, scales: Tensor, - dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16) -> Tensor: - """Dequantize FP8 E4M3 tensor.""" - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and quantized.device.type == 'mps': - return _C.dequantize_fp8_e4m3(quantized, scales, dtype) - _warn_native_fallback("dequantize_fp8_e4m3") - return _dequantize_fp8_e4m3_python(quantized, scales, dtype) - - -# ============================================================================= -# Matrix multiplication with quantized weights -# ============================================================================= - -def matmul_4bit( - A: Tensor, - B: Tensor, - quant_state: QuantState, - bias: Optional[Tensor] = None, - compute_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype] = None, -) -> Tensor: - """ - Matrix multiplication with 4-bit quantized weights. - - Uses fused Metal kernel when available for ~2x speedup. - - Args: - A: Input tensor [..., in_features] - B: Quantized weight tensor (packed uint8) - quant_state: QuantState from quantize_4bit - bias: Optional bias tensor - compute_dtype: Output dtype (default: input dtype) - - Returns: - Output tensor [..., out_features] - """ - if compute_dtype is None: - compute_dtype = A.dtype - # Try native fused kernel - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and A.device.type == 'mps' and B.device.type == 'mps': - # Reshape input for matmul if needed - orig_shape = A.shape - if A.dim() > 2: - A_2d = A.reshape(-1, A.shape[-1]) - else: - A_2d = A - - # For M > 512, dequant+matmul is faster (PyTorch's GEMM wins) - M = A_2d.shape[0] - if M > 512: - pass # Fall through to unfused path - else: - # Handle double quantization - dequantize absmax first - absmax = quant_state.absmax - if quant_state.state2 is not None: - absmax = dequantize_blockwise(absmax, quant_state.state2) - - # Get dimensions from quant_state.shape (original weight shape) - out_features, in_features = quant_state.shape[0], quant_state.shape[1] - blocksize = quant_state.blocksize - - # Compute K_padded (matching quantize_4bit logic for 2D tensors) - K_padded = ((in_features + blocksize - 1) // blocksize) * blocksize - if K_padded % 2 != 0: - K_padded += blocksize - - # Reshape weight from flat to [N, K_padded/2] - packed_K = K_padded // 2 - weight_2d = B.reshape(out_features, packed_K) - - # Reshape absmax to [N, num_blocks_per_row] - num_blocks_per_row = K_padded // blocksize - absmax_2d = absmax.reshape(out_features, num_blocks_per_row) - - # Call native fused kernel (NF4 or FP4) - if quant_state.quant_type == "nf4": - output = _C.matmul_nf4(A_2d, weight_2d, absmax_2d, bias, blocksize, compute_dtype) - else: # fp4 - output = _C.matmul_fp4(A_2d, weight_2d, absmax_2d, bias, blocksize, compute_dtype) - - if len(orig_shape) > 2: - output = output.reshape(*orig_shape[:-1], -1) - - return output - - # Dequantize + matmul path (used for M > 512 where PyTorch GEMM is faster, or when native unavailable) - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is None or A.device.type != 'mps' or B.device.type != 'mps': - _warn_native_fallback("matmul_4bit") - weight = dequantize_4bit(B, quant_state) - - # Reshape for matmul if needed - orig_shape = A.shape - if A.dim() > 2: - A = A.reshape(-1, A.shape[-1]) - - # MPS requires all dtypes to match - A = A.to(weight.dtype) - if bias is not None: - bias = bias.to(weight.dtype) - output = torch.nn.functional.linear(A, weight, bias) - - if len(orig_shape) > 2: - output = output.reshape(*orig_shape[:-1], -1) - - # Cast to compute_dtype - return output.to(compute_dtype) - - -def matmul_nf4(input: Tensor, weight_packed: Tensor, weight_state: QuantState, - bias: Optional[Tensor] = None) -> Tensor: - """Matrix multiplication with NF4-quantized weights.""" - return matmul_4bit(input, weight_packed, weight_state, bias) - - -def matmul_fp4(input: Tensor, weight_packed: Tensor, weight_state: QuantState, - bias: Optional[Tensor] = None) -> Tensor: - """Matrix multiplication with FP4-quantized weights.""" - return matmul_4bit(input, weight_packed, weight_state, bias) - - -def matmul_int8(A: Tensor, B: Tensor, A_scales: Tensor, B_scales: Tensor, - dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16) -> Tensor: - """INT8 matmul with fused dequantization.""" - A_dequant = dequantize_rowwise(A, A_scales, dtype) - B_dequant = dequantize_rowwise(B.T, B_scales, dtype).T - return torch.matmul(A_dequant, B_dequant) - - -def matmul_fp8_e4m3(input: Tensor, weight: Tensor, weight_scales: Tensor, - bias: Optional[Tensor] = None, - dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16) -> Tensor: - """Matrix multiplication with FP8 E4M3 weights.""" - weight_dequant = dequantize_fp8_e4m3(weight, weight_scales, dtype) - - is_1d = input.dim() == 1 - if is_1d: - input = input.unsqueeze(0) - - output = torch.nn.functional.linear(input.to(dtype), weight_dequant, bias) - return output.squeeze(0) if is_1d else output - - -# ============================================================================= -# Double Quantization -# ============================================================================= - -def double_quant( - A: Tensor, - col_stats: Optional[Tensor] = None, - row_stats: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out_col: Optional[Tensor] = None, - out_row: Optional[Tensor] = None, - threshold: float = 0.0, -) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, Optional[Tensor]]: - """ - Apply double quantization with row and column statistics. - - This is the bitsandbytes-style double_quant that computes both - row and column statistics for LLM.int8() style quantization. - - Args: - A: Input tensor [rows, cols] - col_stats: Optional pre-computed column statistics - row_stats: Optional pre-computed row statistics - out_col: Optional output for column-quantized - out_row: Optional output for row-quantized - threshold: Outlier threshold (unused in this impl) - - Returns: - Tuple of (col_quantized, row_quantized, col_stats, row_stats, outliers) - """ - if A.dim() != 2: - raise ValueError("Input must be 2D") - - A_f32 = A.float() - - if row_stats is None: - row_stats = A_f32.abs().max(dim=1).values.clamp(min=1e-8) - if col_stats is None: - col_stats = A_f32.abs().max(dim=0).values.clamp(min=1e-8) - - # Row-wise quantization - if out_row is None: - out_row = torch.clamp( - torch.round(A_f32 * (127.0 / row_stats.unsqueeze(1))), - -127, 127 - ).to(torch.int8) - - # Column-wise quantization - if out_col is None: - out_col = torch.clamp( - torch.round(A_f32 * (127.0 / col_stats.unsqueeze(0))), - -127, 127 - ).to(torch.int8) - - return out_col, out_row, col_stats, row_stats, None - - -def dequant_absmax(absmax_quant: Tensor, absmax_scales: Tensor, - blocksize: int = 256) -> Tensor: - """Dequantize double-quantized absmax values.""" - # Handle QuantState - if isinstance(absmax_scales, QuantState): - return dequantize_blockwise(absmax_quant, absmax_scales) - - rows = absmax_quant.shape[0] if absmax_quant.dim() > 1 else 1 - num_blocks = absmax_quant.numel() // rows if rows > 0 else absmax_quant.numel() - dq_blocks = absmax_scales.numel() // rows if rows > 0 else absmax_scales.numel() - - if absmax_quant.dim() == 1: - absmax_quant = absmax_quant.unsqueeze(0) - absmax_scales = absmax_scales.unsqueeze(0) - - absmax = torch.zeros_like(absmax_quant, dtype=torch.float32) - - for dqb in range(dq_blocks): - start = dqb * blocksize - end = min(start + blocksize, num_blocks) - scale = absmax_scales[:, dqb:dqb+1] - absmax[:, start:end] = absmax_quant[:, start:end].float() * scale - - return absmax.squeeze(0) if rows == 1 else absmax - - -# ============================================================================= -# INT8 with Column + Row Statistics (LLM.int8 style) -# ============================================================================= - -def quantize_colrow(tensor: Tensor) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor, Tensor]: - """ - Quantize matrix using both column-wise and row-wise statistics. - - Uses the geometric mean of row and column absmax for better accuracy. - This is the approach used in LLM.int8() for handling varying magnitudes. - - Args: - tensor: Input [rows, cols] tensor - - Returns: - Tuple of (quantized int8, row_scales, col_scales) - """ - if tensor.dim() != 2: - raise ValueError("Input must be 2D") - - tensor_f32 = tensor.float() - - row_absmax = tensor_f32.abs().max(dim=1).values.clamp(min=1e-8) - col_absmax = tensor_f32.abs().max(dim=0).values.clamp(min=1e-8) - - scale_matrix = torch.sqrt(row_absmax.unsqueeze(1) * col_absmax.unsqueeze(0)) - - quantized = torch.clamp( - torch.round(tensor_f32 * (127.0 / scale_matrix)), - -127, 127 - ).to(torch.int8) - - return quantized, row_absmax, col_absmax - - -def dequantize_colrow(quantized: Tensor, row_scales: Tensor, col_scales: Tensor, - dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16) -> Tensor: - """Dequantize INT8 tensor with column+row statistics.""" - scale_matrix = torch.sqrt(row_scales.unsqueeze(1) * col_scales.unsqueeze(0)) - dequant = quantized.float() * (scale_matrix / 127.0) - return dequant.to(dtype) - - -def matmul_colrow(input: Tensor, weight_int8: Tensor, - weight_row_scales: Tensor, weight_col_scales: Tensor, - bias: Optional[Tensor] = None, - dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16) -> Tensor: - """Matrix multiplication with column+row quantized weights.""" - weight_dequant = dequantize_colrow(weight_int8, weight_row_scales, weight_col_scales, dtype) - # Ensure bias is cast to the same dtype to avoid type mismatch errors on MPS - if bias is not None: - bias = bias.to(dtype) - output = torch.nn.functional.linear(input.to(dtype), weight_dequant, bias) - return output - - -# ============================================================================= -# Sparse Matrix Multiplication (COO format) -# ============================================================================= - -def spmm_coo( - row_indices: Tensor, - col_indices: Tensor, - values: Tensor, - dense: Tensor, - sparse_rows: int, - sparse_cols: int, -) -> Tensor: - """ - Sparse-dense matrix multiplication in COO format. - - Computes: sparse @ dense where sparse is in COO format. - """ - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and dense.device.type == 'mps': - try: - return _C.spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense, sparse_rows, sparse_cols) - except Exception: - pass # Fall through to PyTorch path - - indices = torch.stack([row_indices, col_indices], dim=0) - sparse = torch.sparse_coo_tensor( - indices, values, - size=(sparse_rows, sparse_cols), - device=values.device, - dtype=values.dtype - ) - return torch.sparse.mm(sparse, dense) - - -def spmm_coo_int8( - row_indices: Tensor, - col_indices: Tensor, - values_int8: Tensor, - values_scale: Tensor, - dense: Tensor, - sparse_rows: int, - sparse_cols: int, - dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16, -) -> Tensor: - """Sparse-dense matrix multiplication with INT8 sparse values.""" - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and dense.device.type == 'mps': - try: - return _C.spmm_coo_int8(row_indices, col_indices, values_int8, values_scale, dense, sparse_rows, sparse_cols) - except Exception: - pass # Fall through to PyTorch path - - scale = values_scale.item() if values_scale.numel() == 1 else values_scale.to(dtype) - values = values_int8.to(dtype) * scale - return spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense.to(dtype), sparse_rows, sparse_cols) - - -def sparse_coo_from_dense(tensor: Tensor, threshold: float = 0.0) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, int, int]: - """Convert dense tensor to COO sparse format.""" - rows, cols = tensor.shape - - if threshold > 0: - mask = tensor.abs() >= threshold - sparse = tensor * mask - else: - sparse = tensor - - nonzero = sparse.nonzero() - row_indices = nonzero[:, 0] - col_indices = nonzero[:, 1] - values = sparse[row_indices, col_indices] - - return row_indices, col_indices, values, rows, cols - - -def quantize_sparse_coo( - row_indices: Tensor, - col_indices: Tensor, - values: Tensor, -) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, Tensor]: - """Quantize sparse COO values to INT8.""" - absmax = values.float().abs().max().clamp(min=1e-8) - scale = absmax / 127.0 - - values_int8 = torch.clamp( - torch.round(values.float() / scale), - -127, 127 - ).to(torch.int8) - - return row_indices, col_indices, values_int8, scale.view(1) - - -# ============================================================================= -# Python Fallback Implementations -# ============================================================================= - -def _fp8_e4m3_to_float(fp8: int) -> float: - """Convert single FP8 E4M3 value to float.""" - sign = (fp8 >> 7) & 0x1 - exp = (fp8 >> 3) & 0xF - mant = fp8 & 0x7 - - if exp == 0: - result = 0.0 if mant == 0 else (mant / 8.0) * (2 ** -6) - elif exp == 15 and mant == 7: - result = float('nan') - else: - result = (1.0 + mant / 8.0) * (2 ** (exp - 7)) - - return -result if sign else result - - -def _float_to_fp8_e4m3(val: float) -> int: - """Convert float to FP8 E4M3.""" - import math - if math.isnan(val): - return 0x7F - - sign = 1 if val < 0 else 0 - val = abs(val) - val = min(val, 448.0) - - if val == 0: - return sign << 7 - - exp = int(math.floor(math.log2(val))) - mant = val / (2 ** exp) - 1.0 - biased_exp = exp + 7 - - if biased_exp <= 0: - return sign << 7 - elif biased_exp >= 15: - return (sign << 7) | (14 << 3) | 7 - else: - mant_bits = min(int(mant * 8 + 0.5), 7) - return (sign << 7) | (biased_exp << 3) | mant_bits - - -def _quantize_fp8_e4m3_python(tensor: Tensor) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]: - """Python FP8 E4M3 quantization - vectorized implementation.""" - rows, cols = tensor.shape - tensor_f32 = tensor.float() - - absmax = tensor_f32.abs().max(dim=1).values - scales = (absmax / 448.0).clamp(min=1e-12) - - # Normalize values by row scales - normalized = tensor_f32 / scales.unsqueeze(1) - - # Clamp to FP8 E4M3 range [-448, 448] - normalized = normalized.clamp(-448.0, 448.0) - - # Vectorized FP8 E4M3 encoding - output = _float_to_fp8_e4m3_vectorized(normalized) - - return output, scales - - -def _float_to_fp8_e4m3_vectorized(values: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """ - Vectorized conversion of float tensor to FP8 E4M3 format. - - FP8 E4M3: 1 sign bit, 4 exponent bits, 3 mantissa bits - Range: +/- 448, special values: NaN = 0x7F - """ - # Handle NaN - nan_mask = torch.isnan(values) - - # Extract sign and work with absolute values - sign = (values < 0).to(torch.uint8) << 7 - abs_val = values.abs() - - # Clamp to max representable value - abs_val = abs_val.clamp(max=448.0) - - # Zero handling - zero_mask = abs_val == 0 - - # Compute exponent: floor(log2(x)) for x > 0 - # Use log2 and floor, handling zero specially - log2_val = torch.where(abs_val > 0, torch.log2(abs_val), torch.zeros_like(abs_val)) - exp = torch.floor(log2_val).to(torch.int32) - - # Compute biased exponent (bias = 7) - biased_exp = exp + 7 - - # Compute mantissa: (x / 2^exp) - 1, scaled to 3 bits - # mantissa_float = (abs_val / 2^exp) - 1 - pow2_exp = torch.pow(2.0, exp.float()) - pow2_exp = torch.where(abs_val > 0, pow2_exp, torch.ones_like(pow2_exp)) - mantissa_float = (abs_val / pow2_exp) - 1.0 - mantissa_bits = (mantissa_float * 8.0 + 0.5).clamp(0, 7).to(torch.uint8) - - # Handle subnormals (biased_exp <= 0) - subnormal_mask = biased_exp <= 0 - - # Handle overflow (biased_exp >= 15) - clamp to max - overflow_mask = biased_exp >= 15 - - # Build FP8 value for normal case - biased_exp_clamped = biased_exp.clamp(0, 15).to(torch.uint8) - fp8_normal = sign | (biased_exp_clamped << 3) | mantissa_bits - - # Subnormal: just sign bit (simplified - full subnormal support would need more work) - fp8_subnormal = sign - - # Overflow: max value = sign | (14 << 3) | 7 - fp8_overflow = sign | ((14 << 3) | 7) - - # Combine cases - result = torch.where(zero_mask, sign, fp8_normal) - result = torch.where(subnormal_mask & ~zero_mask, fp8_subnormal, result) - result = torch.where(overflow_mask, fp8_overflow, result) - result = torch.where(nan_mask, torch.full_like(result, 0x7F), result) - - return result - - -def _dequantize_fp8_e4m3_python(quantized: Tensor, scales: Tensor, - dtype: torch.dtype) -> Tensor: - """Python FP8 E4M3 dequantization - vectorized implementation.""" - # Vectorized FP8 to float conversion - float_values = _fp8_e4m3_to_float_vectorized(quantized) - - # Apply row-wise scales - output = float_values * scales.unsqueeze(1) - - return output.to(dtype) - - -def _fp8_e4m3_to_float_vectorized(fp8: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """ - Vectorized conversion of FP8 E4M3 tensor to float. - - FP8 E4M3: 1 sign bit, 4 exponent bits, 3 mantissa bits - """ - fp8_int = fp8.to(torch.int32) - - # Extract components - sign = (fp8_int >> 7) & 0x1 - exp = (fp8_int >> 3) & 0xF - mant = fp8_int & 0x7 - - # Normal case: (1 + mant/8) * 2^(exp-7) - # Compute 2^(exp-7) using ldexp equivalent - # ldexp(x, n) = x * 2^n - normal_result = (1.0 + mant.float() / 8.0) * torch.pow(2.0, (exp - 7).float()) - - # Subnormal case (exp == 0): (mant/8) * 2^(-6) - subnormal_result = (mant.float() / 8.0) * (2.0 ** -6) - - # Zero case (exp == 0, mant == 0) - zero_mask = (exp == 0) & (mant == 0) - - # NaN case (exp == 15, mant == 7) - nan_mask = (exp == 15) & (mant == 7) - - # Subnormal mask (exp == 0, mant != 0) - subnormal_mask = (exp == 0) & (mant != 0) - - # Combine cases - result = torch.where(exp == 0, subnormal_result, normal_result) - result = torch.where(zero_mask, torch.zeros_like(result), result) - result = torch.where(nan_mask, torch.full_like(result, float('nan')), result) - - # Apply sign - result = torch.where(sign == 1, -result, result) - - return result diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/integration.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/integration.py deleted file mode 100644 index 10b0522..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/integration.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,334 +0,0 @@ -""" -HuggingFace Transformers Integration - -Provides BitsAndBytesConfig compatible API for loading quantized models -on Apple Silicon MPS devices. -""" - -import torch -from torch import nn -from typing import Optional, Dict, Any, Union -from dataclasses import dataclass, field - -from .nn import Linear4bit, Linear8bit - - -@dataclass -class BitsAndBytesConfig: - """ - Configuration for loading models with bitsandbytes quantization on MPS. - - This class mimics the transformers BitsAndBytesConfig API for compatibility. - - Args: - load_in_8bit: Load model in 8-bit precision - load_in_4bit: Load model in 4-bit precision (NF4) - llm_int8_threshold: Threshold for outlier detection (not used on MPS) - llm_int8_skip_modules: Modules to skip for 8-bit quantization - llm_int8_enable_fp32_cpu_offload: Enable CPU offload (not used on MPS) - llm_int8_has_fp16_weight: Has FP16 weight (not used on MPS) - bnb_4bit_compute_dtype: Compute dtype for 4-bit (torch.float16 or torch.bfloat16) - bnb_4bit_quant_type: Quantization type ('nf4' or 'fp4') - bnb_4bit_use_double_quant: Use double quantization (not implemented yet) - bnb_4bit_quant_storage: Storage type for quantized weights - - Example: - >>> from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig - >>> config = BitsAndBytesConfig( - ... load_in_4bit=True, - ... bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4", - ... bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16, - ... ) - """ - - load_in_8bit: bool = False - load_in_4bit: bool = False - llm_int8_threshold: float = 6.0 - llm_int8_skip_modules: Optional[list] = None - llm_int8_enable_fp32_cpu_offload: bool = False - llm_int8_has_fp16_weight: bool = False - bnb_4bit_compute_dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16 - bnb_4bit_quant_type: str = "nf4" - bnb_4bit_use_double_quant: bool = False - bnb_4bit_quant_storage: torch.dtype = torch.uint8 - - def __post_init__(self): - if self.load_in_4bit and self.load_in_8bit: - raise ValueError("Cannot load in both 4-bit and 8-bit") - - if self.bnb_4bit_quant_type not in ('nf4', 'fp4'): - raise ValueError(f"bnb_4bit_quant_type must be 'nf4' or 'fp4', got {self.bnb_4bit_quant_type}") - - if self.llm_int8_skip_modules is None: - self.llm_int8_skip_modules = [] - - def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]: - """Convert config to dictionary.""" - return { - 'load_in_8bit': self.load_in_8bit, - 'load_in_4bit': self.load_in_4bit, - 'llm_int8_threshold': self.llm_int8_threshold, - 'llm_int8_skip_modules': self.llm_int8_skip_modules, - 'bnb_4bit_compute_dtype': str(self.bnb_4bit_compute_dtype), - 'bnb_4bit_quant_type': self.bnb_4bit_quant_type, - 'bnb_4bit_use_double_quant': self.bnb_4bit_use_double_quant, - } - - @classmethod - def from_dict(cls, config_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> 'BitsAndBytesConfig': - """Create config from dictionary.""" - # Handle dtype conversion - if 'bnb_4bit_compute_dtype' in config_dict: - dtype_str = config_dict['bnb_4bit_compute_dtype'] - if isinstance(dtype_str, str): - if 'float16' in dtype_str: - config_dict['bnb_4bit_compute_dtype'] = torch.float16 - elif 'bfloat16' in dtype_str: - config_dict['bnb_4bit_compute_dtype'] = torch.bfloat16 - else: - config_dict['bnb_4bit_compute_dtype'] = torch.float16 - - return cls(**{k: v for k, v in config_dict.items() if k in cls.__dataclass_fields__}) - - @property - def is_quantizable(self) -> bool: - """Check if config specifies quantization.""" - return self.load_in_4bit or self.load_in_8bit - - @property - def quantization_method(self) -> str: - """Get quantization method string.""" - if self.load_in_4bit: - return 'bitsandbytes_4bit' - elif self.load_in_8bit: - return 'bitsandbytes_8bit' - return 'none' - - -def replace_linear_with_4bit( - model: nn.Module, - quantization_config: BitsAndBytesConfig, - modules_to_not_convert: Optional[list] = None, - current_key_name: Optional[str] = None, -) -> nn.Module: - """ - Replace all nn.Linear layers with Linear4bit. - - Args: - model: Model to quantize - quantization_config: Quantization configuration - modules_to_not_convert: List of module names to skip - current_key_name: Current module path (for recursion) - - Returns: - Model with quantized linear layers - """ - if modules_to_not_convert is None: - modules_to_not_convert = [] - - for name, module in model.named_children(): - full_name = f"{current_key_name}.{name}" if current_key_name else name - - if isinstance(module, nn.Linear): - # Check if we should skip this module - should_skip = any(skip in full_name for skip in modules_to_not_convert) - if should_skip: - continue - - # Replace with 4-bit version - new_module = Linear4bit.from_linear( - module, - compute_dtype=quantization_config.bnb_4bit_compute_dtype, - quant_type=quantization_config.bnb_4bit_quant_type, - ) - setattr(model, name, new_module) - else: - # Recurse - replace_linear_with_4bit( - module, - quantization_config, - modules_to_not_convert, - full_name, - ) - - return model - - -def replace_linear_with_8bit( - model: nn.Module, - quantization_config: BitsAndBytesConfig, - modules_to_not_convert: Optional[list] = None, - current_key_name: Optional[str] = None, -) -> nn.Module: - """ - Replace all nn.Linear layers with Linear8bit. - - Args: - model: Model to quantize - quantization_config: Quantization configuration - modules_to_not_convert: List of module names to skip - current_key_name: Current module path (for recursion) - - Returns: - Model with quantized linear layers - """ - if modules_to_not_convert is None: - modules_to_not_convert = quantization_config.llm_int8_skip_modules or [] - - for name, module in model.named_children(): - full_name = f"{current_key_name}.{name}" if current_key_name else name - - if isinstance(module, nn.Linear): - should_skip = any(skip in full_name for skip in modules_to_not_convert) - if should_skip: - continue - - new_module = Linear8bit.from_linear(module) - setattr(model, name, new_module) - else: - replace_linear_with_8bit( - module, - quantization_config, - modules_to_not_convert, - full_name, - ) - - return model - - -def quantize_model( - model: nn.Module, - quantization_config: Optional[BitsAndBytesConfig] = None, - load_in_4bit: bool = False, - load_in_8bit: bool = False, - device: str = 'mps', - compute_dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16, - modules_to_not_convert: Optional[list] = None, -) -> nn.Module: - """ - Quantize a model for memory-efficient inference. - - This is the main entry point for quantizing models on MPS. - - Args: - model: Model to quantize - quantization_config: Optional BitsAndBytesConfig - load_in_4bit: Load in 4-bit (if no config provided) - load_in_8bit: Load in 8-bit (if no config provided) - device: Target device - compute_dtype: Compute dtype - modules_to_not_convert: Modules to skip - - Returns: - Quantized model - - Example: - >>> from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM - >>> from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_model, BitsAndBytesConfig - >>> - >>> model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf") - >>> config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True) - >>> model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config) - """ - # Create config if not provided - if quantization_config is None: - quantization_config = BitsAndBytesConfig( - load_in_4bit=load_in_4bit, - load_in_8bit=load_in_8bit, - bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=compute_dtype, - ) - - # Quantize on current device first (avoids loading full fp16 to GPU) - # Then move to target device - if quantization_config.load_in_4bit: - model = replace_linear_with_4bit(model, quantization_config, modules_to_not_convert) - elif quantization_config.load_in_8bit: - model = replace_linear_with_8bit(model, quantization_config, modules_to_not_convert) - - # Move quantized model to target device - model = model.to(device) - - return model - - -def get_memory_footprint(model: nn.Module) -> Dict[str, Any]: - """ - Calculate memory footprint of a model. - - Returns: - Dictionary with memory statistics - """ - total_bytes = 0 - total_params = 0 - quantized_params = 0 - - for name, param in model.named_parameters(): - total_params += param.numel() - total_bytes += param.numel() * param.element_size() - - for name, buf in model.named_buffers(): - total_params += buf.numel() - total_bytes += buf.numel() * buf.element_size() - - # Track quantized parameters - if 'weight_packed' in name or 'weight_int8' in name: - quantized_params += buf.numel() - - fp16_size = total_params * 2 / 1e9 # If all were fp16 - actual_size = total_bytes / 1e9 - - return { - 'total_params': total_params, - 'quantized_params': quantized_params, - 'fp16_size_gb': fp16_size, - 'actual_size_gb': actual_size, - 'savings_gb': fp16_size - actual_size, - 'savings_pct': (1 - actual_size / fp16_size) * 100 if fp16_size > 0 else 0, - } - - -# Monkey-patch hook for transformers integration -def _patch_transformers(): - """ - Attempt to patch transformers to use our quantization on MPS. - - This is called automatically on import if transformers is available. - """ - try: - import transformers - from transformers import modeling_utils - - # Store original - _original_load_pretrained = modeling_utils.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained.__func__ - - @classmethod - def _patched_from_pretrained(cls, *args, **kwargs): - # Check if MPS quantization is requested - quantization_config = kwargs.get('quantization_config') - device_map = kwargs.get('device_map') - - if (quantization_config is not None and - isinstance(quantization_config, BitsAndBytesConfig) and - (device_map == 'mps' or device_map == {'': 'mps'})): - - # Remove quantization_config to load in FP16 first - kwargs_copy = kwargs.copy() - kwargs_copy.pop('quantization_config', None) - kwargs_copy['device_map'] = None - kwargs_copy['torch_dtype'] = quantization_config.bnb_4bit_compute_dtype - - # Load model - model = _original_load_pretrained(cls, *args, **kwargs_copy) - - # Apply our quantization - model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config, device='mps') - - return model - - return _original_load_pretrained(cls, *args, **kwargs) - - # Apply patch - # modeling_utils.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained = _patched_from_pretrained - - except ImportError: - pass # transformers not installed diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/fp4_matmul.metal b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/fp4_matmul.metal deleted file mode 100644 index f74223a..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/fp4_matmul.metal +++ /dev/null @@ -1,311 +0,0 @@ -// FP4 (4-bit Floating Point) Quantization Kernels for Apple Silicon -// -// FP4 uses E2M1 format: 1 sign bit, 2 exponent bits, 1 mantissa bit -// This gives 16 possible values with floating-point-like distribution. -// -// Compared to NF4: -// - NF4: Codebook optimized for normal distribution (better for typical weights) -// - FP4: True floating point distribution (better dynamic range) - -#include -using namespace metal; - -// ============================================================================= -// FP4 E2M1 Codebook -// Format: SEEM (Sign, Exp, Exp, Mantissa) -// Values: ±{0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6} normalized -// ============================================================================= - -// FP4 E2M1 values (unsigned, will apply sign separately) -// Index 0-7: positive values, Index 8-15: negative values -constant float FP4_CODEBOOK[16] = { - 0.0f, // 0000: +0 - 0.001953125f, // 0001: smallest subnormal (acts as near-zero positive) - 0.25f, // 0010: 2^-2 - 0.5f, // 0011: 2^-1 - 1.0f, // 0100: 2^0 - 1.5f, // 0101: 1.5 * 2^0 - 2.0f, // 0110: 2^1 - 3.0f, // 0111: 1.5 * 2^1 - -0.0f, // 1000: -0 (treated same as +0) - -0.001953125f, // 1001: smallest subnormal negative - -0.25f, // 1010: -2^-2 - -0.5f, // 1011: -2^-1 - -1.0f, // 1100: -2^0 - -1.5f, // 1101: -1.5 * 2^0 - -2.0f, // 1110: -2^1 - -3.0f, // 1111: -1.5 * 2^1 -}; - -// Alternative normalized FP4 codebook (scaled to [-1, 1] like NF4) -constant float FP4_CODEBOOK_NORMALIZED[16] = { - 0.0f, - 0.0625f, - 0.125f, - 0.25f, - 0.375f, - 0.5f, - 0.75f, - 1.0f, - -0.0f, - -0.0625f, - -0.125f, - -0.25f, - -0.375f, - -0.5f, - -0.75f, - -1.0f, -}; - -// ============================================================================= -// Helper Functions -// ============================================================================= - -inline uchar extract_fp4_index(uchar packed, uint position) { - return (position == 0) ? (packed & 0x0F) : (packed >> 4); -} - -inline float dequantize_fp4_value(uchar packed, uint position, float absmax) { - uchar idx = extract_fp4_index(packed, position); - return FP4_CODEBOOK_NORMALIZED[idx] * absmax; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP4 Quantization Kernel -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void fp4_quantize( - device const float* input [[buffer(0)]], - device uchar* output [[buffer(1)]], - device float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint row = tgid.y; - if (row >= rows) return; - - uint num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - uint threads_per_row = 256; - uint thread_id = tid.x; - - device const float* row_data = input + row * cols; - device uchar* row_output = output + row * (cols / 2); - device float* row_absmax = absmax + row * num_blocks; - - for (uint block = 0; block < num_blocks; block++) { - uint block_start = block * block_size; - uint block_end = min(block_start + block_size, cols); - uint block_len = block_end - block_start; - - // Compute absmax - float local_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < block_len; i += threads_per_row) { - float val = row_data[block_start + i]; - local_max = max(local_max, abs(val)); - } - - local_max = simd_max(local_max); - - threadgroup float shared_max[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) shared_max[simd_group] = local_max; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (thread_id == 0) { - float final_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) final_max = max(final_max, shared_max[i]); - row_absmax[block] = max(final_max, 1e-8f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - float block_absmax = row_absmax[block]; - - // Quantize to FP4 - for (uint i = thread_id * 2; i < block_len; i += threads_per_row * 2) { - uint idx0 = block_start + i; - uint idx1 = block_start + i + 1; - - float v0 = (idx0 < cols) ? row_data[idx0] / block_absmax : 0.0f; - float v1 = (idx1 < cols) ? row_data[idx1] / block_absmax : 0.0f; - - // Find nearest FP4 codebook value - uchar q0 = 0, q1 = 0; - float best_dist0 = INFINITY, best_dist1 = INFINITY; - for (uchar c = 0; c < 16; c++) { - float dist0 = abs(v0 - FP4_CODEBOOK_NORMALIZED[c]); - float dist1 = abs(v1 - FP4_CODEBOOK_NORMALIZED[c]); - if (dist0 < best_dist0) { best_dist0 = dist0; q0 = c; } - if (dist1 < best_dist1) { best_dist1 = dist1; q1 = c; } - } - - uchar packed = q0 | (q1 << 4); - row_output[(idx0 / 2)] = packed; - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP4 Dequantization Kernel -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void fp4_dequantize( - device const uchar* packed [[buffer(0)]], - device const float* absmax [[buffer(1)]], - device half* output [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint row = gid.y; - uint col = gid.x; - if (row >= rows || col >= cols) return; - - uint num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - uint block_idx = col / block_size; - uint packed_idx = row * (cols / 2) + (col / 2); - uint position = col % 2; - - uchar packed_val = packed[packed_idx]; - float scale = absmax[row * num_blocks + block_idx]; - float dequant = dequantize_fp4_value(packed_val, position, scale); - output[row * cols + col] = half(dequant); -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP4 MatMul Fused Kernel -// ============================================================================= - -constant uint FP4_TILE_M = 32; -constant uint FP4_TILE_N = 32; -constant uint FP4_TILE_K = 64; -constant uint FP4_THREAD_M = 4; -constant uint FP4_THREAD_N = 4; - -kernel void fp4_matmul_fused( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const uchar* weight_packed [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* weight_absmax [[buffer(2)]], - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(9)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - threadgroup half As[FP4_TILE_M][FP4_TILE_K + 1]; - threadgroup half Bs[FP4_TILE_K][FP4_TILE_N + 1]; - - const uint tx = tid.x; - const uint ty = tid.y; - const uint thread_id = ty * 8 + tx; - const uint row_base = tgid.y * FP4_TILE_M + ty * FP4_THREAD_M; - const uint col_base = tgid.x * FP4_TILE_N + tx * FP4_THREAD_N; - - float acc[FP4_THREAD_M][FP4_THREAD_N] = {{0.0f}}; - const uint num_blocks = (K + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - for (uint t = 0; t < K; t += FP4_TILE_K) { - // Load input tile - for (uint i = 0; i < (FP4_TILE_M * FP4_TILE_K) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 64; - uint load_row = flat_idx / FP4_TILE_K; - uint load_col = flat_idx % FP4_TILE_K; - uint global_row = tgid.y * FP4_TILE_M + load_row; - uint global_col = t + load_col; - As[load_row][load_col] = (global_row < M && global_col < K) - ? input[global_row * K + global_col] : half(0.0f); - } - - // Load + dequantize weight tile - for (uint i = 0; i < (FP4_TILE_K * FP4_TILE_N) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 64; - uint load_k = flat_idx / FP4_TILE_N; - uint load_n = flat_idx % FP4_TILE_N; - uint global_k = t + load_k; - uint global_n = tgid.x * FP4_TILE_N + load_n; - - if (global_k < K && global_n < N) { - uint packed_idx = global_n * (K / 2) + (global_k / 2); - uchar packed = weight_packed[packed_idx]; - uint position = global_k % 2; - uint blk_idx = global_k / block_size; - float scale = weight_absmax[global_n * num_blocks + blk_idx]; - Bs[load_k][load_n] = half(dequantize_fp4_value(packed, position, scale)); - } else { - Bs[load_k][load_n] = half(0.0f); - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - for (uint k = 0; k < FP4_TILE_K; k++) { - half a_vals[FP4_THREAD_M]; - half b_vals[FP4_THREAD_N]; - for (uint m = 0; m < FP4_THREAD_M; m++) - a_vals[m] = As[ty * FP4_THREAD_M + m][k]; - for (uint n = 0; n < FP4_THREAD_N; n++) - b_vals[n] = Bs[k][tx * FP4_THREAD_N + n]; - for (uint m = 0; m < FP4_THREAD_M; m++) - for (uint n = 0; n < FP4_THREAD_N; n++) - acc[m][n] += float(a_vals[m]) * float(b_vals[n]); - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - for (uint m = 0; m < FP4_THREAD_M; m++) { - uint out_row = row_base + m; - if (out_row >= M) continue; - for (uint n = 0; n < FP4_THREAD_N; n++) { - uint out_col = col_base + n; - if (out_col >= N) continue; - float result = acc[m][n]; - if (has_bias) result += float(bias[out_col]); - output[out_row * N + out_col] = half(result); - } - } -} - -// Simple FP4 linear for small matrices -kernel void fp4_linear_simple( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const uchar* weight_packed [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* weight_absmax [[buffer(2)]], - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(9)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint m = gid.y; - uint n = gid.x; - if (m >= M || n >= N) return; - - uint num_blocks = (K + block_size - 1) / block_size; - float acc = 0.0f; - - for (uint k = 0; k < K; k++) { - float in_val = float(input[m * K + k]); - uint packed_idx = n * (K / 2) + (k / 2); - uchar packed = weight_packed[packed_idx]; - uint position = k % 2; - uint block_idx = k / block_size; - float scale = weight_absmax[n * num_blocks + block_idx]; - float w_val = dequantize_fp4_value(packed, position, scale); - acc += in_val * w_val; - } - - if (has_bias) acc += float(bias[n]); - output[m * N + n] = half(acc); -} diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/fp8_matmul.metal b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/fp8_matmul.metal deleted file mode 100644 index b71dfae..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/fp8_matmul.metal +++ /dev/null @@ -1,517 +0,0 @@ -// FP8 (8-bit Floating Point) Kernels for Apple Silicon -// -// Two formats supported: -// - E4M3: 1 sign, 4 exponent, 3 mantissa (better precision, used for weights) -// - E5M2: 1 sign, 5 exponent, 2 mantissa (better range, used for gradients) -// -// This bypasses PyTorch's lack of FP8 support on MPS by implementing -// custom quantization/dequantization in Metal. -// -// Note: M3/M4 chips have native FP8 in Neural Engine, but we use software -// emulation here for broader compatibility (M1/M2 support). - -#include -using namespace metal; - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 E4M3 Format -// Range: ±448, smallest normal: 2^-6 = 0.015625 -// Special: No infinity, NaN represented as 0x7F and 0xFF -// ============================================================================= - -// Convert FP8 E4M3 (stored as uchar) to float -inline float fp8_e4m3_to_float(uchar fp8) { - // Extract components - uint sign = (fp8 >> 7) & 0x1; - uint exp = (fp8 >> 3) & 0xF; // 4 bits - uint mant = fp8 & 0x7; // 3 bits - - float result; - - if (exp == 0) { - // Subnormal or zero - if (mant == 0) { - result = 0.0f; - } else { - // Subnormal: value = (-1)^s * 2^(-6) * (0.mant) - result = ldexp(float(mant) / 8.0f, -6); - } - } else if (exp == 15) { - // E4M3 uses exp=15, mant=7 as NaN, no infinity - if (mant == 7) { - result = NAN; - } else { - // Normal number at max exponent - result = ldexp(1.0f + float(mant) / 8.0f, int(exp) - 7); - } - } else { - // Normal: value = (-1)^s * 2^(exp-7) * (1.mant) - result = ldexp(1.0f + float(mant) / 8.0f, int(exp) - 7); - } - - return sign ? -result : result; -} - -// Convert float to FP8 E4M3 -inline uchar float_to_fp8_e4m3(float val) { - if (isnan(val)) return 0x7F; // NaN - - uint sign = val < 0 ? 1 : 0; - val = abs(val); - - // Clamp to FP8 E4M3 max (448) - val = min(val, 448.0f); - - if (val == 0.0f) return sign << 7; - - // Get exponent and mantissa - int exp; - float mant = frexp(val, &exp); // val = mant * 2^exp, 0.5 <= mant < 1 - mant *= 2.0f; // Now 1 <= mant < 2 - exp -= 1; // Adjust for the *2 - - // Bias exponent (bias = 7 for E4M3) - int biased_exp = exp + 7; - - if (biased_exp <= 0) { - // Subnormal - int shift = 1 - biased_exp; - if (shift > 3) return sign << 7; // Underflow to zero - uint mant_bits = uint((mant - 1.0f) * 8.0f + 0.5f) >> shift; - mant_bits = min(mant_bits, 7u); - return (sign << 7) | mant_bits; - } else if (biased_exp >= 15) { - // Overflow - clamp to max normal - return (sign << 7) | (14 << 3) | 7; - } else { - // Normal - uint mant_bits = uint((mant - 1.0f) * 8.0f + 0.5f); - mant_bits = min(mant_bits, 7u); - return (sign << 7) | (biased_exp << 3) | mant_bits; - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 E5M2 Format -// Range: ±57344, smallest normal: 2^-14 -// Has infinity and NaN like FP16 -// ============================================================================= - -inline float fp8_e5m2_to_float(uchar fp8) { - uint sign = (fp8 >> 7) & 0x1; - uint exp = (fp8 >> 2) & 0x1F; // 5 bits - uint mant = fp8 & 0x3; // 2 bits - - float result; - - if (exp == 0) { - if (mant == 0) { - result = 0.0f; - } else { - // Subnormal - result = ldexp(float(mant) / 4.0f, -14); - } - } else if (exp == 31) { - // Infinity or NaN - result = (mant == 0) ? INFINITY : NAN; - } else { - // Normal - result = ldexp(1.0f + float(mant) / 4.0f, int(exp) - 15); - } - - return sign ? -result : result; -} - -inline uchar float_to_fp8_e5m2(float val) { - if (isnan(val)) return 0x7F; // NaN - if (isinf(val)) return (val < 0 ? 0xFF : 0x7C); // ±Inf - - uint sign = val < 0 ? 1 : 0; - val = abs(val); - - if (val == 0.0f) return sign << 7; - - // Clamp to max normal - val = min(val, 57344.0f); - - int exp; - float mant = frexp(val, &exp); - mant *= 2.0f; - exp -= 1; - - int biased_exp = exp + 15; - - if (biased_exp <= 0) { - int shift = 1 - biased_exp; - if (shift > 2) return sign << 7; - uint mant_bits = uint((mant - 1.0f) * 4.0f + 0.5f) >> shift; - mant_bits = min(mant_bits, 3u); - return (sign << 7) | mant_bits; - } else if (biased_exp >= 31) { - return (sign << 7) | (30 << 2) | 3; // Max normal - } else { - uint mant_bits = uint((mant - 1.0f) * 4.0f + 0.5f); - mant_bits = min(mant_bits, 3u); - return (sign << 7) | (biased_exp << 2) | mant_bits; - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 Quantization Kernels (Row-wise scaling like INT8) -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void fp8_e4m3_quantize( - device const float* input [[buffer(0)]], - device uchar* output [[buffer(1)]], - device float* scales [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint row = tgid.y; - if (row >= rows) return; - - uint thread_id = tid.x; - uint threads_per_row = 256; - - device const float* row_data = input + row * cols; - device uchar* row_output = output + row * cols; - - // Find row max for scaling - float local_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < cols; i += threads_per_row) { - local_max = max(local_max, abs(row_data[i])); - } - - local_max = simd_max(local_max); - - threadgroup float shared_max[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) shared_max[simd_group] = local_max; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (thread_id == 0) { - float final_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) final_max = max(final_max, shared_max[i]); - // Scale to fit in E4M3 range (max ~448) - scales[row] = max(final_max / 448.0f, 1e-12f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - float scale = scales[row]; - - // Quantize - for (uint i = thread_id; i < cols; i += threads_per_row) { - float val = row_data[i] / scale; - row_output[i] = float_to_fp8_e4m3(val); - } -} - -kernel void fp8_e5m2_quantize( - device const float* input [[buffer(0)]], - device uchar* output [[buffer(1)]], - device float* scales [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - uint row = tgid.y; - if (row >= rows) return; - - uint thread_id = tid.x; - uint threads_per_row = 256; - - device const float* row_data = input + row * cols; - device uchar* row_output = output + row * cols; - - float local_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < cols; i += threads_per_row) { - local_max = max(local_max, abs(row_data[i])); - } - - local_max = simd_max(local_max); - - threadgroup float shared_max[8]; - if (simd_lane == 0) shared_max[simd_group] = local_max; - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (thread_id == 0) { - float final_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) final_max = max(final_max, shared_max[i]); - scales[row] = max(final_max / 57344.0f, 1e-12f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - float scale = scales[row]; - - for (uint i = thread_id; i < cols; i += threads_per_row) { - float val = row_data[i] / scale; - row_output[i] = float_to_fp8_e5m2(val); - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 Dequantization Kernels -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void fp8_e4m3_dequantize( - device const uchar* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const float* scales [[buffer(1)]], - device half* output [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint row = gid.y; - uint col = gid.x; - if (row >= rows || col >= cols) return; - - uchar fp8_val = input[row * cols + col]; - float scale = scales[row]; - float val = fp8_e4m3_to_float(fp8_val) * scale; - output[row * cols + col] = half(val); -} - -kernel void fp8_e5m2_dequantize( - device const uchar* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const float* scales [[buffer(1)]], - device half* output [[buffer(2)]], - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint row = gid.y; - uint col = gid.x; - if (row >= rows || col >= cols) return; - - uchar fp8_val = input[row * cols + col]; - float scale = scales[row]; - float val = fp8_e5m2_to_float(fp8_val) * scale; - output[row * cols + col] = half(val); -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 E4M3 MatMul with Fused Dequantization -// ============================================================================= - -constant uint FP8_TILE_M = 32; -constant uint FP8_TILE_N = 32; -constant uint FP8_TILE_K = 32; -constant uint FP8_THREAD_M = 4; -constant uint FP8_THREAD_N = 4; - -kernel void fp8_e4m3_matmul_fused( - device const uchar* A [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] FP8 - device const uchar* B [[buffer(1)]], // [K, N] FP8 - device half* C [[buffer(2)]], // [M, N] FP16 output - device const float* A_scales [[buffer(3)]], // [M] - device const float* B_scales [[buffer(4)]], // [N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - threadgroup float As[FP8_TILE_M][FP8_TILE_K + 1]; - threadgroup float Bs[FP8_TILE_K][FP8_TILE_N + 1]; - - const uint tx = tid.x; - const uint ty = tid.y; - const uint thread_id = ty * 8 + tx; - const uint row_base = tgid.y * FP8_TILE_M + ty * FP8_THREAD_M; - const uint col_base = tgid.x * FP8_TILE_N + tx * FP8_THREAD_N; - - float acc[FP8_THREAD_M][FP8_THREAD_N] = {{0.0f}}; - - for (uint t = 0; t < K; t += FP8_TILE_K) { - // Load A tile with dequantization - for (uint i = 0; i < (FP8_TILE_M * FP8_TILE_K) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 64; - uint load_row = flat_idx / FP8_TILE_K; - uint load_col = flat_idx % FP8_TILE_K; - uint global_row = tgid.y * FP8_TILE_M + load_row; - uint global_col = t + load_col; - - if (global_row < M && global_col < K) { - uchar fp8_val = A[global_row * K + global_col]; - float scale = A_scales[global_row]; - As[load_row][load_col] = fp8_e4m3_to_float(fp8_val) * scale; - } else { - As[load_row][load_col] = 0.0f; - } - } - - // Load B tile with dequantization - for (uint i = 0; i < (FP8_TILE_K * FP8_TILE_N) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 64; - uint load_row = flat_idx / FP8_TILE_N; - uint load_col = flat_idx % FP8_TILE_N; - uint global_row = t + load_row; - uint global_col = tgid.x * FP8_TILE_N + load_col; - - if (global_row < K && global_col < N) { - uchar fp8_val = B[global_row * N + global_col]; - float scale = B_scales[global_col]; - Bs[load_row][load_col] = fp8_e4m3_to_float(fp8_val) * scale; - } else { - Bs[load_row][load_col] = 0.0f; - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - for (uint k = 0; k < FP8_TILE_K; k++) { - float a_vals[FP8_THREAD_M]; - float b_vals[FP8_THREAD_N]; - - for (uint m = 0; m < FP8_THREAD_M; m++) - a_vals[m] = As[ty * FP8_THREAD_M + m][k]; - for (uint n = 0; n < FP8_THREAD_N; n++) - b_vals[n] = Bs[k][tx * FP8_THREAD_N + n]; - - for (uint m = 0; m < FP8_THREAD_M; m++) - for (uint n = 0; n < FP8_THREAD_N; n++) - acc[m][n] += a_vals[m] * b_vals[n]; - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - // Write output - for (uint m = 0; m < FP8_THREAD_M; m++) { - uint out_row = row_base + m; - if (out_row >= M) continue; - for (uint n = 0; n < FP8_THREAD_N; n++) { - uint out_col = col_base + n; - if (out_col >= N) continue; - C[out_row * N + out_col] = half(acc[m][n]); - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// FP8 Linear Layer (input FP16, weights FP8) -// For inference: input in FP16, weights stored as FP8 -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void fp8_e4m3_linear( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] FP16 - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], // [N, K] FP8 (transposed) - device const float* weight_scales [[buffer(2)]], // [N] - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], // [N] - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], // [M, N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(8)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint m = gid.y; - uint n = gid.x; - if (m >= M || n >= N) return; - - float scale = weight_scales[n]; - float acc = 0.0f; - - for (uint k = 0; k < K; k++) { - float in_val = float(input[m * K + k]); - uchar fp8_w = weight[n * K + k]; - float w_val = fp8_e4m3_to_float(fp8_w) * scale; - acc += in_val * w_val; - } - - if (has_bias) acc += float(bias[n]); - output[m * N + n] = half(acc); -} - -// Tiled version for larger matrices -kernel void fp8_e4m3_linear_tiled( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], - device const uchar* weight [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* weight_scales [[buffer(2)]], - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(8)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - threadgroup half As[FP8_TILE_M][FP8_TILE_K + 1]; - threadgroup float Bs[FP8_TILE_K][FP8_TILE_N + 1]; - - const uint tx = tid.x; - const uint ty = tid.y; - const uint thread_id = ty * 8 + tx; - const uint row_base = tgid.y * FP8_TILE_M + ty * FP8_THREAD_M; - const uint col_base = tgid.x * FP8_TILE_N + tx * FP8_THREAD_N; - - float acc[FP8_THREAD_M][FP8_THREAD_N] = {{0.0f}}; - - for (uint t = 0; t < K; t += FP8_TILE_K) { - // Load input tile (FP16) - for (uint i = 0; i < (FP8_TILE_M * FP8_TILE_K) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 64; - uint load_row = flat_idx / FP8_TILE_K; - uint load_col = flat_idx % FP8_TILE_K; - uint global_row = tgid.y * FP8_TILE_M + load_row; - uint global_col = t + load_col; - - As[load_row][load_col] = (global_row < M && global_col < K) - ? input[global_row * K + global_col] : half(0.0f); - } - - // Load weight tile (FP8) with dequantization - for (uint i = 0; i < (FP8_TILE_K * FP8_TILE_N) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 64; - uint load_k = flat_idx / FP8_TILE_N; - uint load_n = flat_idx % FP8_TILE_N; - uint global_k = t + load_k; - uint global_n = tgid.x * FP8_TILE_N + load_n; - - if (global_k < K && global_n < N) { - uchar fp8_w = weight[global_n * K + global_k]; - float scale = weight_scales[global_n]; - Bs[load_k][load_n] = fp8_e4m3_to_float(fp8_w) * scale; - } else { - Bs[load_k][load_n] = 0.0f; - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - for (uint k = 0; k < FP8_TILE_K; k++) { - half a_vals[FP8_THREAD_M]; - float b_vals[FP8_THREAD_N]; - - for (uint m = 0; m < FP8_THREAD_M; m++) - a_vals[m] = As[ty * FP8_THREAD_M + m][k]; - for (uint n = 0; n < FP8_THREAD_N; n++) - b_vals[n] = Bs[k][tx * FP8_THREAD_N + n]; - - for (uint m = 0; m < FP8_THREAD_M; m++) - for (uint n = 0; n < FP8_THREAD_N; n++) - acc[m][n] += float(a_vals[m]) * b_vals[n]; - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - for (uint m = 0; m < FP8_THREAD_M; m++) { - uint out_row = row_base + m; - if (out_row >= M) continue; - for (uint n = 0; n < FP8_THREAD_N; n++) { - uint out_col = col_base + n; - if (out_col >= N) continue; - float result = acc[m][n]; - if (has_bias) result += float(bias[out_col]); - output[out_row * N + out_col] = half(result); - } - } -} diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/int8_mm.metal b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/int8_mm.metal deleted file mode 100644 index c08d60f..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/int8_mm.metal +++ /dev/null @@ -1,238 +0,0 @@ -// Int8 Matrix Multiplication Kernels for Apple Silicon -// Port of bitsandbytes int8 matmul for MPS -// -// Optimized with: -// - SIMD operations for vectorized int8 loads -// - Larger tiles with register blocking -// - Coalesced memory access patterns -// - Fused dequantization - -#include -using namespace metal; - -// ============================================================================= -// Optimized Int8 MatMul - 32x32 tiles with 4x4 register blocking -// Each thread computes a 4x4 output block -// ============================================================================= - -constant uint TILE_M = 32; -constant uint TILE_N = 32; -constant uint TILE_K = 32; -constant uint THREAD_M = 4; // Each thread computes 4 rows -constant uint THREAD_N = 4; // Each thread computes 4 cols - -kernel void int8_matmul_tiled( - device const char* A [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] int8 - device const char* B [[buffer(1)]], // [K, N] int8 - device int* C [[buffer(2)]], // [M, N] int32 output - constant uint& M [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - // Shared memory for tiles - threadgroup char As[TILE_M][TILE_K + 1]; // +1 to avoid bank conflicts - threadgroup char Bs[TILE_K][TILE_N + 1]; - - // Thread indices within 8x8 threadgroup - const uint tx = tid.x; // 0-7 - const uint ty = tid.y; // 0-7 - - // Global output position for this thread's 4x4 block - const uint row_base = tgid.y * TILE_M + ty * THREAD_M; - const uint col_base = tgid.x * TILE_N + tx * THREAD_N; - - // Accumulator registers - 4x4 block per thread - int acc[THREAD_M][THREAD_N] = {{0}}; - - // Loop over K tiles - for (uint t = 0; t < K; t += TILE_K) { - // Cooperative loading of A tile [TILE_M x TILE_K] - // 64 threads load 32x32 = 1024 elements, so 16 elements per thread - for (uint i = 0; i < (TILE_M * TILE_K) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = (ty * 8 + tx) + i * 64; - uint load_row = flat_idx / TILE_K; - uint load_col = flat_idx % TILE_K; - uint global_row = tgid.y * TILE_M + load_row; - uint global_col = t + load_col; - - if (global_row < M && global_col < K) { - As[load_row][load_col] = A[global_row * K + global_col]; - } else { - As[load_row][load_col] = 0; - } - } - - // Cooperative loading of B tile [TILE_K x TILE_N] - for (uint i = 0; i < (TILE_K * TILE_N) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = (ty * 8 + tx) + i * 64; - uint load_row = flat_idx / TILE_N; - uint load_col = flat_idx % TILE_N; - uint global_row = t + load_row; - uint global_col = tgid.x * TILE_N + load_col; - - if (global_row < K && global_col < N) { - Bs[load_row][load_col] = B[global_row * N + global_col]; - } else { - Bs[load_row][load_col] = 0; - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - // Compute 4x4 output block - for (uint k = 0; k < TILE_K; k++) { - // Load A values for this thread's rows - char a_vals[THREAD_M]; - for (uint m = 0; m < THREAD_M; m++) { - a_vals[m] = As[ty * THREAD_M + m][k]; - } - - // Load B values for this thread's cols - char b_vals[THREAD_N]; - for (uint n = 0; n < THREAD_N; n++) { - b_vals[n] = Bs[k][tx * THREAD_N + n]; - } - - // Accumulate - for (uint m = 0; m < THREAD_M; m++) { - for (uint n = 0; n < THREAD_N; n++) { - acc[m][n] += int(a_vals[m]) * int(b_vals[n]); - } - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - // Write output - for (uint m = 0; m < THREAD_M; m++) { - for (uint n = 0; n < THREAD_N; n++) { - uint out_row = row_base + m; - uint out_col = col_base + n; - if (out_row < M && out_col < N) { - C[out_row * N + out_col] = acc[m][n]; - } - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Fused Int8 MatMul + Dequantize - outputs directly to fp16 -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void int8_matmul_dequant( - device const char* A [[buffer(0)]], - device const char* B [[buffer(1)]], - device half* C [[buffer(2)]], // Direct fp16 output - device const float* A_scales [[buffer(3)]], // [M] - device const float* B_scales [[buffer(4)]], // [N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - threadgroup char As[TILE_M][TILE_K + 1]; - threadgroup char Bs[TILE_K][TILE_N + 1]; - - const uint tx = tid.x; - const uint ty = tid.y; - const uint row_base = tgid.y * TILE_M + ty * THREAD_M; - const uint col_base = tgid.x * TILE_N + tx * THREAD_N; - - int acc[THREAD_M][THREAD_N] = {{0}}; - - for (uint t = 0; t < K; t += TILE_K) { - for (uint i = 0; i < (TILE_M * TILE_K) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = (ty * 8 + tx) + i * 64; - uint load_row = flat_idx / TILE_K; - uint load_col = flat_idx % TILE_K; - uint global_row = tgid.y * TILE_M + load_row; - uint global_col = t + load_col; - - As[load_row][load_col] = (global_row < M && global_col < K) - ? A[global_row * K + global_col] : 0; - } - - for (uint i = 0; i < (TILE_K * TILE_N) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = (ty * 8 + tx) + i * 64; - uint load_row = flat_idx / TILE_N; - uint load_col = flat_idx % TILE_N; - uint global_row = t + load_row; - uint global_col = tgid.x * TILE_N + load_col; - - Bs[load_row][load_col] = (global_row < K && global_col < N) - ? B[global_row * N + global_col] : 0; - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - for (uint k = 0; k < TILE_K; k++) { - char a_vals[THREAD_M]; - char b_vals[THREAD_N]; - - for (uint m = 0; m < THREAD_M; m++) { - a_vals[m] = As[ty * THREAD_M + m][k]; - } - for (uint n = 0; n < THREAD_N; n++) { - b_vals[n] = Bs[k][tx * THREAD_N + n]; - } - - for (uint m = 0; m < THREAD_M; m++) { - for (uint n = 0; n < THREAD_N; n++) { - acc[m][n] += int(a_vals[m]) * int(b_vals[n]); - } - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - // Dequantize and write output - const float inv_127_sq = 1.0f / (127.0f * 127.0f); - - for (uint m = 0; m < THREAD_M; m++) { - uint out_row = row_base + m; - if (out_row >= M) continue; - - float a_scale = A_scales[out_row]; - - for (uint n = 0; n < THREAD_N; n++) { - uint out_col = col_base + n; - if (out_col >= N) continue; - - float b_scale = B_scales[out_col]; - float scale = a_scale * b_scale * inv_127_sq; - float result = float(acc[m][n]) * scale; - - C[out_row * N + out_col] = half(result); - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Dequantization: int32 -> fp16 (standalone version) -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void dequantize_int32_to_fp16( - device const int* input [[buffer(0)]], - device half* output [[buffer(1)]], - device const float* row_scales [[buffer(2)]], - device const float* col_scales [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& M [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint row = gid.y; - uint col = gid.x; - - if (row >= M || col >= N) return; - - uint idx = row * N + col; - int int_val = input[idx]; - - float scale = (row_scales[row] * col_scales[col]) / (127.0f * 127.0f); - output[idx] = half(float(int_val) * scale); -} diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/nf4_matmul.metal b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/nf4_matmul.metal deleted file mode 100644 index 1aa2f5a..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/kernels/nf4_matmul.metal +++ /dev/null @@ -1,361 +0,0 @@ -// NF4 (4-bit NormalFloat) Quantization Kernels for Apple Silicon -// -// NF4 is a 4-bit data type optimized for normally distributed weights. -// Used by QLoRA for 4x memory reduction with minimal accuracy loss. -// -// Storage format: -// - weight_packed: [out_features, in_features // 2] uint8 (two 4-bit indices per byte) -// - weight_absmax: [out_features, num_blocks] float32 (one scale per block) -// - block_size: typically 64 (elements per block) - -#include -using namespace metal; - -// ============================================================================= -// NF4 Codebook - 16 values optimized for normal distribution -// ============================================================================= - -// NF4 codebook: 16 values optimized for normal distribution (from bitsandbytes) -constant float NF4_CODEBOOK[16] = { - -1.0f, - -0.6961928009986877f, - -0.5250730514526367f, - -0.39491748809814453f, - -0.28444138169288635f, - -0.18477343022823334f, - -0.09105003625154495f, - 0.0f, - 0.07958029955625534f, - 0.16093020141124725f, - 0.24611230194568634f, - 0.33791524171829224f, - 0.44070982933044434f, - 0.5626170039176941f, - 0.7229568362236023f, - 1.0f -}; - -// ============================================================================= -// Helper: Extract 4-bit index from packed byte -// ============================================================================= - -inline uchar extract_nf4_index(uchar packed, uint position) { - // position 0 = low nibble, position 1 = high nibble - return (position == 0) ? (packed & 0x0F) : (packed >> 4); -} - -inline float dequantize_nf4_value(uchar packed, uint position, float absmax) { - uchar idx = extract_nf4_index(packed, position); - return NF4_CODEBOOK[idx] * absmax; -} - -// ============================================================================= -// NF4 MatMul Fused Kernel -// Computes: output = input @ dequantize(weight_packed, weight_absmax).T + bias -// -// input: [M, K] float16 -// weight_packed: [N, K/2] uint8 (packed NF4) -// weight_absmax: [N, num_blocks] float32 where num_blocks = ceil(K / block_size) -// bias: [N] float16 (optional, can be null) -// output: [M, N] float16 -// ============================================================================= - -constant uint NF4_TILE_M = 32; -constant uint NF4_TILE_N = 32; -constant uint NF4_TILE_K = 64; // Match block_size for efficient absmax lookup -constant uint NF4_THREAD_M = 4; -constant uint NF4_THREAD_N = 4; - -kernel void nf4_matmul_fused( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] - device const uchar* weight_packed [[buffer(1)]], // [N, K/2] - device const float* weight_absmax [[buffer(2)]], // [N, num_blocks] - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], // [N] or nullptr - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], // [M, N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(9)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]] -) { - // Shared memory for tiles - threadgroup half As[NF4_TILE_M][NF4_TILE_K + 1]; // Input tile - threadgroup half Bs[NF4_TILE_K][NF4_TILE_N + 1]; // Dequantized weight tile - - const uint tx = tid.x; // 0-7 - const uint ty = tid.y; // 0-7 - const uint thread_id = ty * 8 + tx; - - const uint row_base = tgid.y * NF4_TILE_M + ty * NF4_THREAD_M; - const uint col_base = tgid.x * NF4_TILE_N + tx * NF4_THREAD_N; - - // Accumulator registers - float acc[NF4_THREAD_M][NF4_THREAD_N] = {{0.0f}}; - - const uint num_blocks = (K + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - // Loop over K tiles - for (uint t = 0; t < K; t += NF4_TILE_K) { - // Cooperative load of input tile A [TILE_M x TILE_K] - // 64 threads load 32x64 = 2048 elements = 32 per thread - for (uint i = 0; i < (NF4_TILE_M * NF4_TILE_K) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 64; - uint load_row = flat_idx / NF4_TILE_K; - uint load_col = flat_idx % NF4_TILE_K; - uint global_row = tgid.y * NF4_TILE_M + load_row; - uint global_col = t + load_col; - - if (global_row < M && global_col < K) { - As[load_row][load_col] = input[global_row * K + global_col]; - } else { - As[load_row][load_col] = half(0.0f); - } - } - - // Cooperative load + dequantize of weight tile B [TILE_K x TILE_N] - // Weight is stored as [N, K/2], we need [K, N] view - // Each thread handles 32 elements - for (uint i = 0; i < (NF4_TILE_K * NF4_TILE_N) / 64; i++) { - uint flat_idx = thread_id + i * 64; - uint load_k = flat_idx / NF4_TILE_N; // K dimension (row in tile) - uint load_n = flat_idx % NF4_TILE_N; // N dimension (col in tile) - uint global_k = t + load_k; - uint global_n = tgid.x * NF4_TILE_N + load_n; - - if (global_k < K && global_n < N) { - // Weight is [N, K/2] packed, index as weight[n, k/2] - uint packed_idx = global_n * (K / 2) + (global_k / 2); - uchar packed = weight_packed[packed_idx]; - uint position = global_k % 2; - - // Get absmax for this block - uint block_idx = global_k / block_size; - float absmax = weight_absmax[global_n * num_blocks + block_idx]; - - // Dequantize - float dequant = dequantize_nf4_value(packed, position, absmax); - Bs[load_k][load_n] = half(dequant); - } else { - Bs[load_k][load_n] = half(0.0f); - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - // Compute 4x4 output block - for (uint k = 0; k < NF4_TILE_K; k++) { - half a_vals[NF4_THREAD_M]; - half b_vals[NF4_THREAD_N]; - - for (uint m = 0; m < NF4_THREAD_M; m++) { - a_vals[m] = As[ty * NF4_THREAD_M + m][k]; - } - for (uint n = 0; n < NF4_THREAD_N; n++) { - b_vals[n] = Bs[k][tx * NF4_THREAD_N + n]; - } - - for (uint m = 0; m < NF4_THREAD_M; m++) { - for (uint n = 0; n < NF4_THREAD_N; n++) { - acc[m][n] += float(a_vals[m]) * float(b_vals[n]); - } - } - } - - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - } - - // Write output with optional bias - for (uint m = 0; m < NF4_THREAD_M; m++) { - uint out_row = row_base + m; - if (out_row >= M) continue; - - for (uint n = 0; n < NF4_THREAD_N; n++) { - uint out_col = col_base + n; - if (out_col >= N) continue; - - float result = acc[m][n]; - if (has_bias) { - result += float(bias[out_col]); - } - output[out_row * N + out_col] = half(result); - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// NF4 Quantization Kernel -// Quantizes a float tensor to NF4 format -// -// input: [rows, cols] float16/float32 -// output: [rows, cols/2] uint8 (packed) -// absmax: [rows, num_blocks] float32 -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void nf4_quantize( - device const float* input [[buffer(0)]], // [rows, cols] as float - device uchar* output [[buffer(1)]], // [rows, cols/2] packed - device float* absmax [[buffer(2)]], // [rows, num_blocks] - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 tid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], - uint2 tgid [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], - uint simd_lane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], - uint simd_group [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]] -) { - // Each threadgroup handles one row - uint row = tgid.y; - if (row >= rows) return; - - uint num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - uint threads_per_row = 256; // Threadgroup width - uint thread_id = tid.x; - - device const float* row_data = input + row * cols; - device uchar* row_output = output + row * (cols / 2); - device float* row_absmax = absmax + row * num_blocks; - - // Process each block - for (uint block = 0; block < num_blocks; block++) { - uint block_start = block * block_size; - uint block_end = min(block_start + block_size, cols); - uint block_len = block_end - block_start; - - // Step 1: Compute absmax for this block (reduction) - float local_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = thread_id; i < block_len; i += threads_per_row) { - float val = row_data[block_start + i]; - local_max = max(local_max, abs(val)); - } - - // SIMD reduction - local_max = simd_max(local_max); - - // Threadgroup reduction using shared memory - threadgroup float shared_max[8]; // 8 simd groups - if (simd_lane == 0) { - shared_max[simd_group] = local_max; - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - if (thread_id == 0) { - float final_max = 0.0f; - for (uint i = 0; i < 8; i++) { - final_max = max(final_max, shared_max[i]); - } - // Clamp to avoid division by zero - row_absmax[block] = max(final_max, 1e-8f); - } - threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); - - float block_absmax = row_absmax[block]; - - // Step 2: Quantize values in this block - // Each thread handles pairs of values (to pack into one byte) - for (uint i = thread_id * 2; i < block_len; i += threads_per_row * 2) { - uint idx0 = block_start + i; - uint idx1 = block_start + i + 1; - - // Normalize to [-1, 1] - float v0 = (idx0 < cols) ? row_data[idx0] / block_absmax : 0.0f; - float v1 = (idx1 < cols) ? row_data[idx1] / block_absmax : 0.0f; - - // Find nearest codebook index (binary search) - uchar q0 = 0, q1 = 0; - - // Brute force nearest neighbor (faster for 16 values) - float best_dist0 = INFINITY, best_dist1 = INFINITY; - for (uchar c = 0; c < 16; c++) { - float dist0 = abs(v0 - NF4_CODEBOOK[c]); - float dist1 = abs(v1 - NF4_CODEBOOK[c]); - if (dist0 < best_dist0) { best_dist0 = dist0; q0 = c; } - if (dist1 < best_dist1) { best_dist1 = dist1; q1 = c; } - } - - // Pack: low nibble = first value, high nibble = second value - uchar packed = q0 | (q1 << 4); - row_output[(idx0 / 2)] = packed; - } - } -} - -// ============================================================================= -// NF4 Dequantization Kernel (standalone) -// Useful for debugging or when full dequantization is needed -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void nf4_dequantize( - device const uchar* packed [[buffer(0)]], // [rows, cols/2] - device const float* absmax [[buffer(1)]], // [rows, num_blocks] - device half* output [[buffer(2)]], // [rows, cols] - constant uint& rows [[buffer(3)]], - constant uint& cols [[buffer(4)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(5)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint row = gid.y; - uint col = gid.x; - - if (row >= rows || col >= cols) return; - - uint num_blocks = (cols + block_size - 1) / block_size; - uint block_idx = col / block_size; - uint packed_idx = row * (cols / 2) + (col / 2); - uint position = col % 2; - - uchar packed_val = packed[packed_idx]; - float scale = absmax[row * num_blocks + block_idx]; - - float dequant = dequantize_nf4_value(packed_val, position, scale); - output[row * cols + col] = half(dequant); -} - -// ============================================================================= -// Simple NF4 Linear (non-tiled, for small matrices or reference) -// ============================================================================= - -kernel void nf4_linear_simple( - device const half* input [[buffer(0)]], // [M, K] - device const uchar* weight_packed [[buffer(1)]], // [N, K/2] - device const float* weight_absmax [[buffer(2)]], // [N, num_blocks] - device const half* bias [[buffer(3)]], // [N] - device half* output [[buffer(4)]], // [M, N] - constant uint& M [[buffer(5)]], - constant uint& N [[buffer(6)]], - constant uint& K [[buffer(7)]], - constant uint& block_size [[buffer(8)]], - constant uint& has_bias [[buffer(9)]], - uint2 gid [[thread_position_in_grid]] -) { - uint m = gid.y; - uint n = gid.x; - - if (m >= M || n >= N) return; - - uint num_blocks = (K + block_size - 1) / block_size; - - float acc = 0.0f; - - for (uint k = 0; k < K; k++) { - // Get input value - float in_val = float(input[m * K + k]); - - // Dequantize weight - uint packed_idx = n * (K / 2) + (k / 2); - uchar packed = weight_packed[packed_idx]; - uint position = k % 2; - uint block_idx = k / block_size; - float scale = weight_absmax[n * num_blocks + block_idx]; - float w_val = dequantize_nf4_value(packed, position, scale); - - acc += in_val * w_val; - } - - if (has_bias) { - acc += float(bias[n]); - } - - output[m * N + n] = half(acc); -} diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/__init__.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/__init__.py deleted file mode 100644 index 9542e3e..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/__init__.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -""" -MPS BitsAndBytes - Neural Network Modules - -Quantized linear and embedding layers for memory-efficient inference and training. -""" - -from .linear4bit import Linear4bit -from .linear8bit import Linear8bit -from .linear_fp8 import LinearFP8 -from .embedding import Embedding4bit, Embedding8bit, EmbeddingNF4, EmbeddingFP4 -from .outlier_aware import OutlierAwareLinear -from .switchback import SwitchBackLinear, SwitchBackLinearCallback - -__all__ = [ - # Linear layers - 'Linear4bit', - 'Linear8bit', - 'LinearFP8', - # Advanced linear layers - 'OutlierAwareLinear', - 'SwitchBackLinear', - 'SwitchBackLinearCallback', - # Embedding layers - 'Embedding4bit', - 'Embedding8bit', - 'EmbeddingNF4', - 'EmbeddingFP4', -] diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/embedding.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/embedding.py deleted file mode 100644 index 3eb81ae..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/embedding.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,332 +0,0 @@ -""" -Quantized Embedding layers for MPS - -4-bit and 8-bit embeddings for memory-efficient LLM inference. -Embeddings often account for 10-30% of model size in LLMs. -""" - -import torch -from torch import nn, Tensor -from typing import Optional - -from ..functional import ( - quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4, - quantize_fp4, dequantize_fp4, - quantize_rowwise, dequantize_rowwise, - QuantState, _try_load_native, -) - - -class Embedding4bit(nn.Module): - """ - 4-bit quantized embedding layer. - - Stores embedding weights in NF4 or FP4 format, reducing memory - by ~75% compared to FP16 embeddings. - - Args: - num_embeddings: Size of the vocabulary - embedding_dim: Dimension of embeddings - padding_idx: If specified, entries at this index are zeros - quant_type: Quantization type ('nf4' or 'fp4') - blocksize: Block size for quantization (default: 64) - - Example: - >>> embed = Embedding4bit(50000, 4096) - >>> embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed) - >>> output = embed_4bit(input_ids) - """ - - def __init__( - self, - num_embeddings: int, - embedding_dim: int, - padding_idx: Optional[int] = None, - quant_type: str = 'nf4', - blocksize: int = 64, - device=None, - dtype=torch.float16, - ): - super().__init__() - - if quant_type not in ('nf4', 'fp4'): - raise ValueError(f"quant_type must be 'nf4' or 'fp4', got {quant_type}") - - # Ensure embedding_dim is even for packing - if embedding_dim % 2 != 0: - raise ValueError(f"embedding_dim must be even, got {embedding_dim}") - - self.num_embeddings = num_embeddings - self.embedding_dim = embedding_dim - self.padding_idx = padding_idx - self.quant_type = quant_type - self.blocksize = blocksize - self.dtype = dtype - - num_blocks = (embedding_dim + blocksize - 1) // blocksize - - # Quantized weight storage - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_packed', - torch.zeros(num_embeddings, embedding_dim // 2, dtype=torch.uint8, device=device) - ) - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_absmax', - torch.ones(num_embeddings, num_blocks, dtype=torch.float32, device=device) - ) - - def forward(self, input: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """ - Look up embeddings for input indices. - - Args: - input: Tensor of indices [*, seq_len] - - Returns: - Embedded tensor [*, seq_len, embedding_dim] - """ - flat_input = input.flatten() - - # Try native Metal kernel (single dispatch for all indices) - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and flat_input.device.type == 'mps': - try: - kernel_fn = _C.embedding_4bit_nf4 if self.quant_type == 'nf4' else _C.embedding_4bit_fp4 - output = kernel_fn( - flat_input.int(), - self.weight_packed, - self.weight_absmax, - self.embedding_dim, - self.blocksize, - ) - output_shape = list(input.shape) + [self.embedding_dim] - output = output.view(*output_shape) - if self.padding_idx is not None: - mask = (input == self.padding_idx).unsqueeze(-1) - output = output.masked_fill(mask, 0.0) - return output - except Exception: - pass # Fall through to Python path - - # Python fallback: dequantize unique embeddings one at a time - unique_indices, inverse = flat_input.unique(return_inverse=True) - dequant_fn = dequantize_nf4 if self.quant_type == 'nf4' else dequantize_fp4 - - packed = self.weight_packed[unique_indices] - absmax = self.weight_absmax[unique_indices] - - embeddings_list = [] - for i in range(packed.shape[0]): - quant_state = QuantState( - absmax=absmax[i], - shape=torch.Size([self.embedding_dim]), - blocksize=self.blocksize, - quant_type=self.quant_type, - dtype=self.dtype, - ) - emb = dequant_fn(packed[i], quant_state) - embeddings_list.append(emb) - embeddings = torch.stack(embeddings_list) - - output = embeddings[inverse] - output_shape = list(input.shape) + [self.embedding_dim] - output = output.view(*output_shape) - - if self.padding_idx is not None: - mask = (input == self.padding_idx).unsqueeze(-1) - output = output.masked_fill(mask, 0.0) - - return output - - @classmethod - def from_embedding( - cls, - embedding: nn.Embedding, - quant_type: str = 'nf4', - blocksize: int = 64, - device=None, - ) -> 'Embedding4bit': - """ - Convert a regular nn.Embedding to 4-bit. - - Args: - embedding: Source nn.Embedding layer - quant_type: Quantization type ('nf4' or 'fp4') - blocksize: Block size for quantization - - Returns: - Embedding4bit layer with quantized weights - """ - if device is None: - device = embedding.weight.device - - dtype = embedding.weight.dtype - if dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.bfloat16): - dtype = torch.float16 - - # Handle odd embedding_dim - embedding_dim = embedding.embedding_dim - weight = embedding.weight.data - if embedding_dim % 2 != 0: - embedding_dim = embedding_dim + 1 - weight = torch.nn.functional.pad(weight, (0, 1)) - - layer = cls( - embedding.num_embeddings, - embedding_dim, - padding_idx=embedding.padding_idx, - quant_type=quant_type, - blocksize=blocksize, - device=device, - dtype=dtype, - ) - - # Quantize weights row by row - quantize_fn = quantize_nf4 if quant_type == 'nf4' else quantize_fp4 - weight_device = weight.to(device) - packed_list = [] - absmax_list = [] - for i in range(weight_device.shape[0]): - packed, state = quantize_fn(weight_device[i], blocksize=blocksize) - packed_list.append(packed) - absmax_list.append(state.absmax) - - layer.weight_packed.copy_(torch.stack(packed_list)) - layer.weight_absmax.copy_(torch.stack(absmax_list)) - - return layer - - def extra_repr(self) -> str: - return ( - f'{self.num_embeddings}, {self.embedding_dim}, ' - f'padding_idx={self.padding_idx}, quant_type={self.quant_type}, ' - f'blocksize={self.blocksize}' - ) - - -class Embedding8bit(nn.Module): - """ - 8-bit quantized embedding layer. - - Stores embedding weights in int8 format with row-wise scaling, - reducing memory by ~50% compared to FP16. - - Args: - num_embeddings: Size of the vocabulary - embedding_dim: Dimension of embeddings - padding_idx: If specified, entries at this index are zeros - """ - - def __init__( - self, - num_embeddings: int, - embedding_dim: int, - padding_idx: Optional[int] = None, - device=None, - dtype=torch.float16, - ): - super().__init__() - - self.num_embeddings = num_embeddings - self.embedding_dim = embedding_dim - self.padding_idx = padding_idx - self.dtype = dtype - - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_int8', - torch.zeros(num_embeddings, embedding_dim, dtype=torch.int8, device=device) - ) - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_scales', - torch.ones(num_embeddings, dtype=torch.float32, device=device) - ) - - def forward(self, input: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """Look up embeddings for input indices.""" - flat_input = input.flatten() - - # Try native Metal kernel - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and flat_input.device.type == 'mps': - try: - output = _C.embedding_8bit( - flat_input.int(), - self.weight_int8, - self.weight_scales, - ) - output_shape = list(input.shape) + [self.embedding_dim] - output = output.view(*output_shape) - if self.padding_idx is not None: - mask = (input == self.padding_idx).unsqueeze(-1) - output = output.masked_fill(mask, 0.0) - return output - except Exception: - pass # Fall through to Python path - - # Python fallback - weight_int8 = self.weight_int8[input] - scales = self.weight_scales[input] - output = weight_int8.to(self.dtype) * (scales.unsqueeze(-1) / 127.0).to(self.dtype) - - if self.padding_idx is not None: - mask = (input == self.padding_idx).unsqueeze(-1) - output = output.masked_fill(mask, 0.0) - - return output - - @classmethod - def from_embedding( - cls, - embedding: nn.Embedding, - device=None, - ) -> 'Embedding8bit': - """Convert nn.Embedding to 8-bit.""" - if device is None: - device = embedding.weight.device - - dtype = embedding.weight.dtype - if dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.bfloat16): - dtype = torch.float16 - - layer = cls( - embedding.num_embeddings, - embedding.embedding_dim, - padding_idx=embedding.padding_idx, - device=device, - dtype=dtype, - ) - - # Quantize weights - weight_int8, weight_scales = quantize_rowwise(embedding.weight.data.to(device)) - layer.weight_int8.copy_(weight_int8) - layer.weight_scales.copy_(weight_scales) - - return layer - - def extra_repr(self) -> str: - return f'{self.num_embeddings}, {self.embedding_dim}, padding_idx={self.padding_idx}' - - -# Aliases for specific quant types -class EmbeddingNF4(Embedding4bit): - """4-bit NF4 embedding (alias for Embedding4bit with quant_type='nf4').""" - - def __init__(self, num_embeddings: int, embedding_dim: int, **kwargs): - kwargs['quant_type'] = 'nf4' - super().__init__(num_embeddings, embedding_dim, **kwargs) - - @classmethod - def from_embedding(cls, embedding, blocksize: int = 64, device=None) -> 'EmbeddingNF4': - return super().from_embedding(embedding, quant_type='nf4', blocksize=blocksize, device=device) - - -class EmbeddingFP4(Embedding4bit): - """4-bit FP4 embedding (alias for Embedding4bit with quant_type='fp4').""" - - def __init__(self, num_embeddings: int, embedding_dim: int, **kwargs): - kwargs['quant_type'] = 'fp4' - super().__init__(num_embeddings, embedding_dim, **kwargs) - - @classmethod - def from_embedding(cls, embedding, blocksize: int = 64, device=None) -> 'EmbeddingFP4': - return super().from_embedding(embedding, quant_type='fp4', blocksize=blocksize, device=device) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/linear4bit.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/linear4bit.py deleted file mode 100644 index 3f8f634..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/linear4bit.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,337 +0,0 @@ -""" -Linear4bit - 4-bit NF4/FP4 quantized linear layer for MPS - -Provides ~4x memory reduction compared to FP16 weights with minimal accuracy loss. -Compatible with HuggingFace transformers and QLoRA training. -""" - -import torch -from torch import nn, Tensor -from typing import Optional - -from ..functional import ( - quantize_4bit, dequantize_4bit, matmul_4bit, - QuantState, -) - - -class Linear4bit(nn.Module): - """ - 4-bit quantized linear layer using NF4 (NormalFloat4) quantization. - - NF4 is optimized for normally distributed weights, achieving ~4x memory - reduction compared to FP16 with minimal accuracy loss. This is the same - quantization used by QLoRA. - - Storage format: - - weight: packed uint8 tensor - - weight.quant_state: QuantState with absmax, shape, etc. - - Args: - in_features: Input dimension - out_features: Output dimension - bias: Whether to use bias (default: True) - device: Target device - compute_dtype: Dtype for computation (torch.float16 or torch.bfloat16) - quant_type: Quantization type ('nf4' or 'fp4') - blocksize: Block size for quantization (default: 64) - compress_statistics: Whether to apply double quantization - - Example: - >>> linear = Linear4bit(1024, 4096) - >>> linear.load_from_linear(pretrained_linear) - >>> output = linear(input) - """ - - def __init__( - self, - in_features: int, - out_features: int, - bias: bool = True, - device=None, - compute_dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16, - quant_type: str = 'nf4', - blocksize: int = 64, - compress_statistics: bool = False, - ): - super().__init__() - - if quant_type not in ('nf4', 'fp4'): - raise ValueError(f"quant_type must be 'nf4' or 'fp4', got {quant_type}") - - self.in_features = in_features - self.out_features = out_features - self.compute_dtype = compute_dtype - self.quant_type = quant_type - self.blocksize = blocksize - self.compress_statistics = compress_statistics - - # Calculate packed size - numel = out_features * in_features - padded_numel = ((numel + blocksize - 1) // blocksize) * blocksize - if padded_numel % 2 != 0: - padded_numel += blocksize - packed_size = padded_numel // 2 - - # Quantized weight storage - self.register_buffer( - 'weight', - torch.zeros(packed_size, dtype=torch.uint8, device=device) - ) - - # QuantState will be set during quantization - self.weight_quant_state: Optional[QuantState] = None - - # Optional bias - if bias: - self.bias = nn.Parameter( - torch.zeros(out_features, dtype=compute_dtype, device=device) - ) - else: - self.register_parameter('bias', None) - - def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """ - Forward pass with fused 4-bit dequantization and matmul. - - Args: - x: Input tensor [..., in_features] - - Returns: - Output tensor [..., out_features] - """ - if self.weight_quant_state is None: - raise RuntimeError("Weight not quantized. Call from_linear() or load weights first.") - - # Handle batched input - orig_shape = x.shape - if x.dim() > 2: - x = x.reshape(-1, self.in_features) - - # Fused 4-bit matmul (dequantize + matmul) - output = matmul_4bit(x, self.weight, self.weight_quant_state, self.bias, - compute_dtype=self.compute_dtype) - - # Restore batch dimensions - if len(orig_shape) > 2: - output = output.reshape(*orig_shape[:-1], self.out_features) - - return output - - @classmethod - def from_linear( - cls, - linear: nn.Linear, - device=None, - compute_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype] = None, - quant_type: str = 'nf4', - blocksize: int = 64, - compress_statistics: bool = False, - ) -> 'Linear4bit': - """ - Convert a regular nn.Linear to 4-bit quantized. - - Args: - linear: Source nn.Linear layer - device: Target device (default: same as source) - compute_dtype: Dtype for computation (default: infer from source) - quant_type: Quantization type ('nf4' or 'fp4') - blocksize: Block size for quantization - compress_statistics: Apply double quantization to absmax - - Returns: - Linear4bit layer with quantized weights - - Example: - >>> linear_fp16 = nn.Linear(1024, 4096).half().to('mps') - >>> linear_4bit = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear_fp16) - """ - if device is None: - device = linear.weight.device - - if compute_dtype is None: - if linear.weight.dtype == torch.bfloat16: - compute_dtype = torch.bfloat16 - else: - compute_dtype = torch.float16 - - in_features = linear.in_features - out_features = linear.out_features - - layer = cls( - in_features, - out_features, - bias=linear.bias is not None, - device=device, - compute_dtype=compute_dtype, - quant_type=quant_type, - blocksize=blocksize, - compress_statistics=compress_statistics, - ) - - # Quantize weights using bitsandbytes-compatible API - weight = linear.weight.data.to(device) - weight_packed, quant_state = quantize_4bit( - weight, - blocksize=blocksize, - compress_statistics=compress_statistics, - quant_type=quant_type, - ) - - # Copy quantized weight - layer.weight = layer.weight.new_zeros(weight_packed.numel()) - layer.weight.copy_(weight_packed) - layer.weight_quant_state = quant_state - - # Copy bias - if linear.bias is not None: - layer.bias.data.copy_(linear.bias.data.to(compute_dtype).to(device)) - - return layer - - def dequantize(self) -> Tensor: - """ - Dequantize weights back to floating point. - - Useful for debugging or when full precision is needed temporarily. - - Returns: - Dequantized weight tensor [out_features, in_features] - """ - if self.weight_quant_state is None: - raise RuntimeError("Weight not quantized") - - return dequantize_4bit(self.weight, self.weight_quant_state) - - @property - def quant_state(self): - """Compatibility property for HuggingFace.""" - return self.weight_quant_state - - @property - def device(self) -> torch.device: - """Return the device of the quantized weights. - - This is a convenience property for LoRA adapters and other code - that needs to create tensors on the same device as this layer. - Standard PyTorch uses weight.device, but since our weight is a - buffer (not a parameter), next(module.parameters()) may fail. - - Returns device from weight buffer, or bias parameter if weight - is not yet initialized. - """ - if self.weight is not None and self.weight.numel() > 0: - return self.weight.device - if self.bias is not None: - return self.bias.device - # Fallback to CPU if nothing is initialized - return torch.device('cpu') - - def _apply(self, fn): - """Override _apply to also move quant_state when .to() is called.""" - super()._apply(fn) - # Move quant_state tensors (absmax, code, etc.) to same device - if self.weight_quant_state is not None: - self.weight_quant_state.to(self.weight.device) - return self - - def extra_repr(self) -> str: - return ( - f'in_features={self.in_features}, out_features={self.out_features}, ' - f'bias={self.bias is not None}, quant_type={self.quant_type}, ' - f'blocksize={self.blocksize}' - ) - - def _save_to_state_dict(self, destination, prefix, keep_vars): - """Save quantization state along with weights.""" - super()._save_to_state_dict(destination, prefix, keep_vars) - if self.weight_quant_state is not None: - destination[prefix + 'weight_quant_state'] = self.weight_quant_state.as_dict() - - def _load_from_state_dict(self, state_dict, prefix, local_metadata, strict, missing_keys, unexpected_keys, error_msgs): - """Handle loading from state dict, including conversion from FP16/FP32.""" - import warnings - target_device = self.weight.device - - # Check for quant_state - quant_state_key = prefix + 'weight_quant_state' - if quant_state_key in state_dict: - loaded_state = state_dict.pop(quant_state_key) - - # Validate blocksize matches - loaded_blocksize = loaded_state.get('blocksize', 64) - if loaded_blocksize != self.blocksize: - warnings.warn( - f"Linear4bit blocksize mismatch: layer has blocksize={self.blocksize}, " - f"checkpoint has blocksize={loaded_blocksize}. Using checkpoint blocksize.", - UserWarning - ) - self.blocksize = loaded_blocksize - - # Validate quant_type matches - loaded_quant_type = loaded_state.get('quant_type', 'nf4') - if loaded_quant_type != self.quant_type: - warnings.warn( - f"Linear4bit quant_type mismatch: layer has quant_type='{self.quant_type}', " - f"checkpoint has quant_type='{loaded_quant_type}'. Using checkpoint quant_type.", - UserWarning - ) - self.quant_type = loaded_quant_type - - self.weight_quant_state = QuantState.from_dict( - loaded_state, - device=target_device - ) - - # Check if we're loading from a non-quantized state dict - weight_key = prefix + 'weight' - if weight_key in state_dict: - weight_data = state_dict[weight_key] - - # Move weight to target device if needed - if weight_data.device != target_device: - weight_data = weight_data.to(target_device) - - # If it's a full-precision weight, quantize it - if weight_data.dtype in (torch.float16, torch.float32, torch.bfloat16): - weight_packed, quant_state = quantize_4bit( - weight_data, - blocksize=self.blocksize, - compress_statistics=self.compress_statistics, - quant_type=self.quant_type, - ) - state_dict[weight_key] = weight_packed - self.weight_quant_state = quant_state - else: - # Already quantized, just ensure it's on the right device - state_dict[weight_key] = weight_data - - super()._load_from_state_dict( - state_dict, prefix, local_metadata, strict, - missing_keys, unexpected_keys, error_msgs - ) - - -class Params4bit(nn.Parameter): - """ - Parameter wrapper for 4-bit quantized tensors. - - This is used for compatibility with HuggingFace transformers which - expect weight parameters to have certain attributes. - """ - - def __new__(cls, data=None, requires_grad=False, quant_state=None): - if data is None: - data = torch.empty(0) - instance = torch.Tensor._make_subclass(cls, data, requires_grad) - instance.quant_state = quant_state - return instance - - @property - def shape(self): - # Return logical shape (unpacked) - if hasattr(self, 'quant_state') and self.quant_state is not None: - if isinstance(self.quant_state, QuantState): - return self.quant_state.shape - return self.quant_state.get('shape', super().shape) - return super().shape diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/linear8bit.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/linear8bit.py deleted file mode 100644 index 32beba7..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/linear8bit.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,166 +0,0 @@ -""" -Linear8bit - 8-bit quantized linear layer for MPS - -Provides ~2x memory reduction compared to FP16 weights. -Compatible with QLoRA training on Apple Silicon. -""" - -import torch -from torch import nn, Tensor -from typing import Optional - -from ..functional import quantize_rowwise, dequantize_rowwise - - -class Linear8bit(nn.Module): - """ - 8-bit quantized linear layer for memory-efficient inference and QLoRA training. - - Stores weights in int8 (50% memory savings), dequantizes to fp16/bf16 for - fast AMX-accelerated matmul on Apple Silicon. - - For QLoRA: Add LoRA adapters on top of this layer. The int8 weights - stay frozen while LoRA trains in fp16/bf16. - - Args: - in_features: Input dimension - out_features: Output dimension - bias: Whether to use bias - device: Target device - use_cache: If True, cache dequantized weights (faster but uses more memory) - compute_dtype: Dtype for dequantized weights (torch.float16 or torch.bfloat16) - """ - - def __init__( - self, - in_features: int, - out_features: int, - bias: bool = True, - device=None, - use_cache: bool = True, - compute_dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16, - ): - super().__init__() - self.in_features = in_features - self.out_features = out_features - self.use_cache = use_cache - self.compute_dtype = compute_dtype - - # Quantized weight storage (int8) - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_int8', - torch.zeros(out_features, in_features, dtype=torch.int8, device=device) - ) - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_scales', - torch.ones(out_features, dtype=torch.float32, device=device) - ) - - # Optional bias (stored in compute_dtype) - if bias: - self.bias = nn.Parameter( - torch.zeros(out_features, dtype=compute_dtype, device=device) - ) - else: - self.register_parameter('bias', None) - - # Cache for dequantized weights - self._weight_cache: Optional[Tensor] = None - - def _get_weight(self) -> Tensor: - """Get weight in compute_dtype, using cache if enabled.""" - if self.use_cache and self._weight_cache is not None: - return self._weight_cache - - # Dequantize to compute_dtype - weight = dequantize_rowwise( - self.weight_int8, - self.weight_scales, - dtype=self.compute_dtype - ) - - if self.use_cache: - self._weight_cache = weight - - return weight - - def clear_cache(self): - """Clear the weight cache to free memory.""" - self._weight_cache = None - - def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """ - Forward pass with dequantized weights. - - Args: - x: Input tensor [..., in_features] - - Returns: - Output tensor [..., out_features] - """ - weight = self._get_weight() - return torch.nn.functional.linear(x, weight, self.bias) - - @classmethod - def from_linear( - cls, - linear: nn.Linear, - device=None, - use_cache: bool = True, - compute_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype] = None - ) -> 'Linear8bit': - """ - Convert a regular linear layer to 8-bit. - - Args: - linear: Source nn.Linear layer - device: Target device (default: same as source) - use_cache: Cache dequantized weights for speed - compute_dtype: Dtype for dequantized weights - - Returns: - Linear8bit layer with quantized weights - """ - if device is None: - device = linear.weight.device - - if compute_dtype is None: - if linear.weight.dtype == torch.bfloat16: - compute_dtype = torch.bfloat16 - else: - compute_dtype = torch.float16 - - layer = cls( - linear.in_features, - linear.out_features, - bias=linear.bias is not None, - device=device, - use_cache=use_cache, - compute_dtype=compute_dtype, - ) - - # Quantize weights - weight_int8, weight_scales = quantize_rowwise(linear.weight.data.to(device)) - layer.weight_int8.copy_(weight_int8) - layer.weight_scales.copy_(weight_scales.to(torch.float32)) - - # Copy bias - if linear.bias is not None: - layer.bias.data.copy_(linear.bias.data.to(compute_dtype).to(device)) - - return layer - - @property - def device(self) -> torch.device: - """Return the device of the quantized weights. - - Convenience property for LoRA adapters and other code that needs - to create tensors on the same device as this layer. - """ - return self.weight_int8.device - - def extra_repr(self) -> str: - return ( - f'in_features={self.in_features}, out_features={self.out_features}, ' - f'bias={self.bias is not None}' - ) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/linear_fp8.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/linear_fp8.py deleted file mode 100644 index 1853bfc..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/linear_fp8.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,168 +0,0 @@ -""" -LinearFP8 - 8-bit floating point quantized linear layer for MPS - -FP8 E4M3 provides better precision than INT8 with the same memory footprint. -Range: ±448, suitable for neural network weights. -""" - -import torch -from torch import nn, Tensor -from typing import Optional - -from ..functional import quantize_fp8_e4m3, dequantize_fp8_e4m3, matmul_fp8_e4m3 - - -class LinearFP8(nn.Module): - """ - 8-bit floating point (FP8 E4M3) quantized linear layer. - - FP8 E4M3 format: 1 sign bit, 4 exponent bits, 3 mantissa bits. - Range: ±448, better suited for the distribution of neural network weights - compared to INT8 which has uniform quantization. - - Provides ~2x memory reduction compared to FP16 with better precision - characteristics than INT8 for typical weight distributions. - - Args: - in_features: Input dimension - out_features: Output dimension - bias: Whether to use bias (default: True) - device: Target device - compute_dtype: Dtype for computation (torch.float16 or torch.bfloat16) - - Example: - >>> linear = LinearFP8(1024, 4096) - >>> linear_fp8 = LinearFP8.from_linear(pretrained_linear) - >>> output = linear_fp8(input) - """ - - def __init__( - self, - in_features: int, - out_features: int, - bias: bool = True, - device=None, - compute_dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16, - ): - super().__init__() - self.in_features = in_features - self.out_features = out_features - self.compute_dtype = compute_dtype - - # FP8 quantized weight storage - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_fp8', - torch.zeros(out_features, in_features, dtype=torch.uint8, device=device) - ) - # Row-wise scales for FP8 - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_scales', - torch.ones(out_features, dtype=torch.float32, device=device) - ) - - # Optional bias - if bias: - self.bias = nn.Parameter( - torch.zeros(out_features, dtype=compute_dtype, device=device) - ) - else: - self.register_parameter('bias', None) - - def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """ - Forward pass with fused FP8 dequantization and matmul. - - Args: - x: Input tensor [..., in_features] - - Returns: - Output tensor [..., out_features] - """ - # Handle batched input - orig_shape = x.shape - if x.dim() > 2: - x = x.view(-1, self.in_features) - - # Fused FP8 matmul - output = matmul_fp8_e4m3( - x, - self.weight_fp8, - self.weight_scales, - self.bias, - self.compute_dtype - ) - - # Restore batch dimensions - if len(orig_shape) > 2: - output = output.view(*orig_shape[:-1], self.out_features) - - return output - - @classmethod - def from_linear( - cls, - linear: nn.Linear, - device=None, - compute_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype] = None, - ) -> 'LinearFP8': - """ - Convert a regular nn.Linear to FP8 quantized. - - Args: - linear: Source nn.Linear layer - device: Target device (default: same as source) - compute_dtype: Dtype for computation (default: infer from source) - - Returns: - LinearFP8 layer with quantized weights - - Example: - >>> linear_fp16 = nn.Linear(1024, 4096).half().to('mps') - >>> linear_fp8 = LinearFP8.from_linear(linear_fp16) - """ - if device is None: - device = linear.weight.device - - if compute_dtype is None: - if linear.weight.dtype == torch.bfloat16: - compute_dtype = torch.bfloat16 - else: - compute_dtype = torch.float16 - - layer = cls( - linear.in_features, - linear.out_features, - bias=linear.bias is not None, - device=device, - compute_dtype=compute_dtype, - ) - - # Quantize weights to FP8 - weight_fp8, weight_scales = quantize_fp8_e4m3(linear.weight.data.to(device)) - layer.weight_fp8.copy_(weight_fp8) - layer.weight_scales.copy_(weight_scales) - - # Copy bias - if linear.bias is not None: - layer.bias.data.copy_(linear.bias.data.to(compute_dtype).to(device)) - - return layer - - def dequantize(self) -> Tensor: - """ - Dequantize weights back to floating point. - - Returns: - Dequantized weight tensor [out_features, in_features] - """ - return dequantize_fp8_e4m3( - self.weight_fp8, - self.weight_scales, - self.compute_dtype - ) - - def extra_repr(self) -> str: - return ( - f'in_features={self.in_features}, out_features={self.out_features}, ' - f'bias={self.bias is not None}, quant_type=fp8_e4m3' - ) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/outlier_aware.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/outlier_aware.py deleted file mode 100644 index a04ba5e..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/outlier_aware.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,219 +0,0 @@ -""" -Outlier-aware INT8 Linear layer (LLM.int8()) - -Implements the mixed-precision decomposition from the LLM.int8() paper: -https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.07339 - -Key insight: Large magnitude "outlier" features break INT8 quantization. -Solution: Identify outliers (>threshold) and compute them in FP16, rest in INT8. -""" - -import torch -from torch import nn, Tensor -from typing import Optional, Tuple - -from ..functional import quantize_rowwise, dequantize_rowwise - - -class OutlierAwareLinear(nn.Module): - """ - INT8 Linear with outlier-aware mixed-precision decomposition. - - For inputs with outlier features (magnitude > threshold), those features - are computed in FP16 while the rest use INT8. This enables INT8 inference - for large language models without quality degradation. - - Args: - in_features: Size of input features - out_features: Size of output features - bias: Whether to include a bias term - threshold: Outlier threshold (default: 6.0, from LLM.int8 paper) - compute_dtype: Dtype for FP16 computations - - Example: - >>> linear = nn.Linear(4096, 4096).half().to('mps') - >>> int8_linear = OutlierAwareLinear.from_linear(linear) - >>> output = int8_linear(input) # Automatic outlier handling - """ - - def __init__( - self, - in_features: int, - out_features: int, - bias: bool = True, - threshold: float = 6.0, - compute_dtype=torch.float16, - device=None, - ): - super().__init__() - - self.in_features = in_features - self.out_features = out_features - self.threshold = threshold - self.compute_dtype = compute_dtype - - # INT8 quantized weights - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_int8', - torch.zeros(out_features, in_features, dtype=torch.int8, device=device) - ) - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_scales', - torch.ones(out_features, dtype=torch.float32, device=device) - ) - - # FP16 weights for outlier columns (stored sparsely) - # These are populated during from_linear() based on weight analysis - self.register_buffer( - 'outlier_indices', - torch.tensor([], dtype=torch.long, device=device) - ) - self.register_buffer( - 'outlier_weights', - torch.zeros(out_features, 0, dtype=compute_dtype, device=device) - ) - - if bias: - self.register_buffer( - 'bias', - torch.zeros(out_features, dtype=compute_dtype, device=device) - ) - else: - self.register_buffer('bias', None) - - def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """ - Forward pass with outlier-aware mixed precision. - - Args: - x: Input tensor [..., in_features] - - Returns: - Output tensor [..., out_features] - """ - original_shape = x.shape[:-1] - x = x.view(-1, self.in_features) - - if len(self.outlier_indices) > 0: - # Mixed precision path - output = self._forward_mixed(x) - else: - # Pure INT8 path (no outliers detected) - output = self._forward_int8(x) - - # Reshape and add bias - output = output.view(*original_shape, self.out_features) - - if self.bias is not None: - output = output + self.bias - - return output - - def _forward_int8(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """Pure INT8 forward pass.""" - # Quantize input - x_int8, x_scales = quantize_rowwise(x) - - # INT8 matmul (dequantized for MPS compatibility) - weight_fp = self.weight_int8.to(self.compute_dtype) * (self.weight_scales.unsqueeze(1) / 127.0).to(self.compute_dtype) - x_fp = x_int8.to(self.compute_dtype) * (x_scales.unsqueeze(1) / 127.0).to(self.compute_dtype) - - return torch.mm(x_fp, weight_fp.t()) - - def _forward_mixed(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """Mixed precision forward with outlier decomposition.""" - # Create mask for non-outlier columns - non_outlier_mask = torch.ones(self.in_features, dtype=torch.bool, device=x.device) - non_outlier_mask[self.outlier_indices] = False - - # Split input into outlier and non-outlier parts - x_main = x[:, non_outlier_mask] - x_outlier = x[:, self.outlier_indices] - - # INT8 computation for main features - x_main_int8, x_main_scales = quantize_rowwise(x_main) - - # Get non-outlier weights - weight_main_int8 = self.weight_int8[:, non_outlier_mask] - weight_main_fp = weight_main_int8.to(self.compute_dtype) * (self.weight_scales.unsqueeze(1) / 127.0).to(self.compute_dtype) - x_main_fp = x_main_int8.to(self.compute_dtype) * (x_main_scales.unsqueeze(1) / 127.0).to(self.compute_dtype) - - output_main = torch.mm(x_main_fp, weight_main_fp.t()) - - # FP16 computation for outlier features - output_outlier = torch.mm(x_outlier.to(self.compute_dtype), self.outlier_weights.t()) - - return output_main + output_outlier - - @classmethod - def from_linear( - cls, - linear: nn.Linear, - threshold: float = 6.0, - device=None, - ) -> 'OutlierAwareLinear': - """ - Convert nn.Linear to outlier-aware INT8. - - Analyzes weights to identify outlier columns and stores them in FP16. - - Args: - linear: Source nn.Linear layer - threshold: Outlier threshold (features with magnitude > threshold) - device: Target device - - Returns: - OutlierAwareLinear with mixed-precision weights - """ - if device is None: - device = linear.weight.device - - dtype = linear.weight.dtype - if dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.bfloat16): - dtype = torch.float16 - - layer = cls( - linear.in_features, - linear.out_features, - bias=linear.bias is not None, - threshold=threshold, - compute_dtype=dtype, - device=device, - ) - - weight = linear.weight.data.to(device) - - # Identify outlier columns based on weight magnitude - # Outliers are columns where any weight exceeds threshold * mean_abs - col_max = weight.abs().max(dim=0).values - mean_abs = weight.abs().mean() - outlier_mask = col_max > (threshold * mean_abs) - outlier_indices = torch.where(outlier_mask)[0] - - if len(outlier_indices) > 0: - # Store outlier weights in FP16 - layer.outlier_indices = outlier_indices - layer.outlier_weights = weight[:, outlier_indices].to(dtype) - - # Zero out outlier columns before INT8 quantization - weight_for_int8 = weight.clone() - weight_for_int8[:, outlier_indices] = 0 - else: - weight_for_int8 = weight - - # Quantize remaining weights to INT8 - weight_int8, weight_scales = quantize_rowwise(weight_for_int8) - layer.weight_int8.copy_(weight_int8) - layer.weight_scales.copy_(weight_scales) - - if linear.bias is not None: - layer.bias.copy_(linear.bias.data.to(dtype)) - - return layer - - def extra_repr(self) -> str: - return ( - f'in_features={self.in_features}, out_features={self.out_features}, ' - f'bias={self.bias is not None}, threshold={self.threshold}, ' - f'outliers={len(self.outlier_indices)}' - ) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/switchback.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/switchback.py deleted file mode 100644 index 53ab0b6..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/nn/switchback.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,260 +0,0 @@ -""" -SwitchBack Linear layer for efficient INT8 training - -Implements switchback quantization where: -- Forward pass: INT8 weights, FP16 activations -- Backward pass: FP16 weights (for gradient computation) - -This allows memory-efficient forward pass while maintaining training stability. -Reference: https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.13013 -""" - -import torch -from torch import nn, Tensor -from torch.autograd import Function -from typing import Optional, Tuple, Any - -from ..functional import quantize_rowwise, dequantize_rowwise - - -class SwitchBackFunction(Function): - """ - Autograd function for switchback linear. - - Forward: Uses INT8 weights - Backward: Uses FP16 weights for accurate gradients - """ - - @staticmethod - def forward( - ctx, - input: Tensor, - weight_int8: Tensor, - weight_scales: Tensor, - weight_fp: Tensor, - bias: Optional[Tensor], - ) -> Tensor: - """ - Forward pass using INT8 weights. - - Args: - input: Input tensor [batch, in_features] - weight_int8: INT8 quantized weights [out, in] - weight_scales: Per-row scales [out] - weight_fp: FP16 weights for backward [out, in] - bias: Optional bias [out] - - Returns: - Output tensor [batch, out_features] - """ - # Save for backward - ctx.save_for_backward(input, weight_fp, bias) - - # Dequantize INT8 weights for matmul - dtype = input.dtype - weight_dequant = weight_int8.to(dtype) * (weight_scales.unsqueeze(1) / 127.0).to(dtype) - - # Forward matmul - output = torch.mm(input.view(-1, input.size(-1)), weight_dequant.t()) - - if bias is not None: - output = output + bias - - return output.view(*input.shape[:-1], -1) - - @staticmethod - def backward(ctx, grad_output: Tensor) -> Tuple[Optional[Tensor], ...]: - """ - Backward pass using FP16 weights for accurate gradients. - """ - input, weight_fp, bias = ctx.saved_tensors - - grad_input = grad_weight = grad_bias = None - grad_output_2d = grad_output.view(-1, grad_output.size(-1)) - input_2d = input.view(-1, input.size(-1)) - - # Gradient w.r.t. input (uses FP16 weights) - if ctx.needs_input_grad[0]: - grad_input = torch.mm(grad_output_2d, weight_fp) - grad_input = grad_input.view_as(input) - - # Gradient w.r.t. weight (for the FP16 copy) - if ctx.needs_input_grad[3]: - grad_weight = torch.mm(grad_output_2d.t(), input_2d) - - # Gradient w.r.t. bias - if bias is not None and ctx.needs_input_grad[4]: - grad_bias = grad_output_2d.sum(0) - - return grad_input, None, None, grad_weight, grad_bias - - -class SwitchBackLinear(nn.Module): - """ - Linear layer with switchback INT8/FP16 for efficient training. - - During forward pass, uses INT8 quantized weights for memory efficiency. - During backward pass, uses FP16 weights for accurate gradient computation. - - This provides ~2x memory savings during forward pass while maintaining - training quality similar to full FP16. - - Args: - in_features: Size of input features - out_features: Size of output features - bias: Whether to include a bias term - compute_dtype: Dtype for computations (default: float16) - - Example: - >>> linear = nn.Linear(4096, 4096).half().to('mps') - >>> sb_linear = SwitchBackLinear.from_linear(linear) - >>> output = sb_linear(input) # INT8 forward - >>> loss.backward() # FP16 backward - """ - - def __init__( - self, - in_features: int, - out_features: int, - bias: bool = True, - compute_dtype=torch.float16, - device=None, - ): - super().__init__() - - self.in_features = in_features - self.out_features = out_features - self.compute_dtype = compute_dtype - - # INT8 quantized weights (for forward) - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_int8', - torch.zeros(out_features, in_features, dtype=torch.int8, device=device) - ) - self.register_buffer( - 'weight_scales', - torch.ones(out_features, dtype=torch.float32, device=device) - ) - - # FP16 weights (for backward, trainable) - self.weight_fp = nn.Parameter( - torch.zeros(out_features, in_features, dtype=compute_dtype, device=device) - ) - - if bias: - self.bias = nn.Parameter( - torch.zeros(out_features, dtype=compute_dtype, device=device) - ) - else: - self.register_parameter('bias', None) - - self._update_int8_pending = False - - def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor: - """ - Forward pass using INT8 weights. - - Args: - x: Input tensor [..., in_features] - - Returns: - Output tensor [..., out_features] - """ - # Update INT8 weights if FP16 weights changed (after optimizer step) - if self.training and self._update_int8_pending: - self._update_int8_weights() - self._update_int8_pending = False - - return SwitchBackFunction.apply( - x, self.weight_int8, self.weight_scales, self.weight_fp, self.bias - ) - - def _update_int8_weights(self): - """Re-quantize INT8 weights from FP16.""" - with torch.no_grad(): - weight_int8, weight_scales = quantize_rowwise(self.weight_fp.data) - self.weight_int8.copy_(weight_int8) - self.weight_scales.copy_(weight_scales) - - def sync_weights(self): - """ - Manually sync INT8 weights from FP16. - - Call this after optimizer.step() to update the INT8 weights - used in the forward pass. - """ - self._update_int8_weights() - - @classmethod - def from_linear( - cls, - linear: nn.Linear, - device=None, - ) -> 'SwitchBackLinear': - """ - Convert nn.Linear to SwitchBackLinear. - - Args: - linear: Source nn.Linear layer - device: Target device - - Returns: - SwitchBackLinear with quantized weights - """ - if device is None: - device = linear.weight.device - - dtype = linear.weight.dtype - if dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.bfloat16): - dtype = torch.float16 - - layer = cls( - linear.in_features, - linear.out_features, - bias=linear.bias is not None, - compute_dtype=dtype, - device=device, - ) - - # Copy FP16 weights - layer.weight_fp.data.copy_(linear.weight.data.to(dtype)) - - # Quantize to INT8 - weight_int8, weight_scales = quantize_rowwise(linear.weight.data.to(device)) - layer.weight_int8.copy_(weight_int8) - layer.weight_scales.copy_(weight_scales) - - if linear.bias is not None: - layer.bias.data.copy_(linear.bias.data.to(dtype)) - - return layer - - def extra_repr(self) -> str: - return ( - f'in_features={self.in_features}, out_features={self.out_features}, ' - f'bias={self.bias is not None}' - ) - - -class SwitchBackLinearCallback: - """ - Callback to sync INT8 weights after optimizer step. - - Usage: - >>> callback = SwitchBackLinearCallback(model) - >>> for epoch in range(epochs): - ... loss.backward() - ... optimizer.step() - ... callback.sync() # Update INT8 weights - """ - - def __init__(self, model: nn.Module): - self.switchback_layers = [] - for module in model.modules(): - if isinstance(module, SwitchBackLinear): - self.switchback_layers.append(module) - - def sync(self): - """Sync all SwitchBackLinear layers.""" - for layer in self.switchback_layers: - layer.sync_weights() diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/__init__.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/__init__.py deleted file mode 100644 index fc844e8..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/__init__.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -""" -MPS BitsAndBytes - 8-bit and Paged Optimizers - -Memory-efficient optimizers for training on Apple Silicon. - -8-bit optimizers store momentum/variance in int8, saving ~75% memory. -Paged optimizers offload states to CPU, enabling larger model training. -""" - -from .adam8bit import ( - Adam8bit, AdamW8bit, - quantize_state, dequantize_state, - quantize_state_unsigned, dequantize_state_unsigned, -) -from .lion8bit import Lion8bit -from .sgd8bit import SGD8bit -from .paged import PagedAdam, PagedAdamW, PagedLion - -__all__ = [ - # 8-bit optimizers - 'Adam8bit', - 'AdamW8bit', - 'Lion8bit', - 'SGD8bit', - # Paged optimizers - 'PagedAdam', - 'PagedAdamW', - 'PagedLion', - # Utilities - 'quantize_state', - 'dequantize_state', -] diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/adam8bit.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/adam8bit.py deleted file mode 100644 index 3999a49..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/adam8bit.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,428 +0,0 @@ -""" -8-bit Adam and AdamW optimizers for MPS - -Stores optimizer states (m, v) in 8-bit, reducing optimizer memory by ~75%. -Uses dynamic quantization with blockwise scaling for accuracy. -""" - -import torch -from torch.optim import Optimizer -from typing import Tuple, Optional, Callable -import threading -import warnings - -from ..functional import _try_load_native - - -def quantize_state(state: torch.Tensor, block_size: int = 256) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]: - """Quantize optimizer state to int8 with blockwise scaling.""" - orig_shape = state.shape - state_flat = state.flatten().float() - - # Pad to block_size multiple - numel = state_flat.numel() - padded_numel = ((numel + block_size - 1) // block_size) * block_size - if padded_numel > numel: - state_flat = torch.nn.functional.pad(state_flat, (0, padded_numel - numel)) - - # Reshape to blocks - state_blocks = state_flat.view(-1, block_size) - - # Compute absmax per block - absmax = state_blocks.abs().max(dim=1).values.clamp(min=1e-8) - - # Quantize to int8 - state_normalized = state_blocks / absmax.unsqueeze(1) - state_int8 = (state_normalized * 127).round().clamp(-127, 127).to(torch.int8) - - return state_int8.flatten()[:numel].view(orig_shape), absmax - - -def dequantize_state(state_int8: torch.Tensor, absmax: torch.Tensor, - block_size: int = 256, dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float32) -> torch.Tensor: - """Dequantize int8 optimizer state back to float.""" - orig_shape = state_int8.shape - state_flat = state_int8.flatten().float() - - # Pad to block_size multiple - numel = state_flat.numel() - padded_numel = ((numel + block_size - 1) // block_size) * block_size - if padded_numel > numel: - state_flat = torch.nn.functional.pad(state_flat, (0, padded_numel - numel)) - - # Reshape and dequantize - state_blocks = state_flat.view(-1, block_size) - state_dequant = (state_blocks / 127.0) * absmax.unsqueeze(1) - - return state_dequant.flatten()[:numel].view(orig_shape).to(dtype) - - -def quantize_state_unsigned(state: torch.Tensor, block_size: int = 256, - warn_on_negative: bool = False) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]: - """ - Quantize non-negative state (like exp_avg_sq) to uint8 with dynamic exponent. - - Uses log-linear quantization to preserve small values that matter for Adam's - denominator. Stores (max_val, min_nonzero) per block to reconstruct values. - - Args: - state: Input tensor (expected to be non-negative) - block_size: Quantization block size - warn_on_negative: If True, warn when negative values are clamped - """ - orig_shape = state.shape - state_flat = state.flatten().float() - - # Check for negative values and warn if requested - if warn_on_negative: - neg_count = (state_flat < 0).sum().item() - if neg_count > 0: - warnings.warn( - f"quantize_state_unsigned: {neg_count} negative values clamped to 0. " - f"This may indicate an issue with the optimizer state.", - UserWarning, - stacklevel=2 - ) - - state_flat = state_flat.clamp(min=0) - - # Pad to block_size multiple - numel = state_flat.numel() - padded_numel = ((numel + block_size - 1) // block_size) * block_size - if padded_numel > numel: - state_flat = torch.nn.functional.pad(state_flat, (0, padded_numel - numel)) - - # Reshape to blocks - state_blocks = state_flat.view(-1, block_size) - - # Per-block: store max value and use sqrt scaling to compress dynamic range - # sqrt(x) compresses [0, 1e-4] to [0, 0.01] - much better for quantization - block_max = state_blocks.max(dim=1).values.clamp(min=1e-12) - - # Normalize and take sqrt to compress dynamic range - state_normalized = state_blocks / block_max.unsqueeze(1) - state_sqrt = state_normalized.sqrt() # [0,1] -> [0,1] but small values become larger - - # Quantize sqrt values to uint8 - state_uint8 = (state_sqrt * 255).round().clamp(0, 255).to(torch.uint8) - - return state_uint8.flatten()[:numel].view(orig_shape), block_max - - -def dequantize_state_unsigned(state_uint8: torch.Tensor, block_max: torch.Tensor, - block_size: int = 256, dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float32) -> torch.Tensor: - """Dequantize uint8 state back to float, reversing sqrt compression.""" - orig_shape = state_uint8.shape - state_flat = state_uint8.flatten().float() - - # Pad to block_size multiple - numel = state_flat.numel() - padded_numel = ((numel + block_size - 1) // block_size) * block_size - if padded_numel > numel: - state_flat = torch.nn.functional.pad(state_flat, (0, padded_numel - numel)) - - # Reshape and dequantize - state_blocks = state_flat.view(-1, block_size) - - # Reverse: uint8 -> [0,1] sqrt -> square -> scale by max - state_sqrt = state_blocks / 255.0 - state_normalized = state_sqrt * state_sqrt # square to reverse sqrt - state_dequant = state_normalized * block_max.unsqueeze(1) - - return state_dequant.flatten()[:numel].view(orig_shape).to(dtype) - - -class Adam8bit(Optimizer): - """ - 8-bit Adam optimizer with blockwise quantization. - - Stores first moment (m) and second moment (v) in int8 format, - reducing optimizer memory by ~75% compared to standard Adam. - - Args: - params: Iterable of parameters to optimize - lr: Learning rate (default: 1e-3) - betas: Coefficients for computing running averages (default: (0.9, 0.999)) - eps: Term added to denominator for numerical stability (default: 1e-8) - weight_decay: Weight decay (L2 penalty) (default: 0) - block_size: Block size for quantization (default: 256) - - Example: - >>> model = MyModel().to('mps') - >>> optimizer = Adam8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) - >>> for data, target in dataloader: - ... optimizer.zero_grad() - ... loss = criterion(model(data), target) - ... loss.backward() - ... optimizer.step() - """ - - def __init__( - self, - params, - lr: float = 1e-3, - betas: Tuple[float, float] = (0.9, 0.999), - eps: float = 1e-8, - weight_decay: float = 0, - block_size: int = 256, - max_grad_norm: Optional[float] = None, - ): - if lr < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid learning rate: {lr}") - if eps < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid epsilon: {eps}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[0] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta1: {betas[0]}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[1] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta2: {betas[1]}") - if weight_decay < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid weight_decay: {weight_decay}") - if max_grad_norm is not None and max_grad_norm <= 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid max_grad_norm: {max_grad_norm}") - - defaults = dict(lr=lr, betas=betas, eps=eps, weight_decay=weight_decay, - block_size=block_size, max_grad_norm=max_grad_norm) - super().__init__(params, defaults) - self._state_init_lock = threading.Lock() - - @torch.no_grad() - def step(self, closure: Optional[Callable] = None): - """Performs a single optimization step.""" - loss = None - if closure is not None: - with torch.enable_grad(): - loss = closure() - - for group in self.param_groups: - beta1, beta2 = group['betas'] - max_grad_norm = group.get('max_grad_norm') - - # Optional gradient clipping - if max_grad_norm is not None: - params_with_grad = [p for p in group['params'] if p.grad is not None] - if params_with_grad: - torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(params_with_grad, max_grad_norm) - block_size = group['block_size'] - - for p in group['params']: - if p.grad is None: - continue - - grad = p.grad - if grad.is_sparse: - raise RuntimeError("Adam8bit does not support sparse gradients") - - state = self.state[p] - - # State initialization (thread-safe) - if len(state) == 0: - with self._state_init_lock: - # Double-check after acquiring lock - if len(state) == 0: - state['step'] = 0 - # Initialize in 8-bit (exp_avg uses signed, exp_avg_sq uses unsigned) - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'] = quantize_state( - torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format), - block_size - ) - state['exp_avg_sq_uint8'], state['exp_avg_sq_max'] = quantize_state_unsigned( - torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format), - block_size - ) - - state['step'] += 1 - - # Try native Metal kernel - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and p.device.type == 'mps' and p.dtype == torch.float16: - try: - _C.adam8bit_step( - p.data, grad, - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'], - state['exp_avg_sq_uint8'], state['exp_avg_sq_max'], - beta1, beta2, group['eps'], group['lr'], - group['weight_decay'], state['step'], block_size, - False, # is_adamw=False for Adam - ) - continue - except Exception: - pass # Fall through to Python path - - # Python fallback - exp_avg = dequantize_state( - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'], - block_size, torch.float32 - ) - exp_avg_sq = dequantize_state_unsigned( - state['exp_avg_sq_uint8'], state['exp_avg_sq_max'], - block_size, torch.float32 - ) - - # Weight decay - grad_fp32 = grad.float() - if group['weight_decay'] != 0: - grad_fp32 = grad_fp32.add(p.float(), alpha=group['weight_decay']) - - # Update biased first moment estimate - exp_avg.mul_(beta1).add_(grad_fp32, alpha=1 - beta1) - # Update biased second raw moment estimate - exp_avg_sq.mul_(beta2).addcmul_(grad_fp32, grad_fp32, value=1 - beta2) - - # Bias correction - bias_correction1 = 1 - beta1 ** state['step'] - bias_correction2 = 1 - beta2 ** state['step'] - - # Compute step (in FP32 for numerical stability) - step_size = group['lr'] / bias_correction1 - denom = (exp_avg_sq.sqrt() / (bias_correction2 ** 0.5)).add_(group['eps']) - update = exp_avg / denom * (-step_size) - p.add_(update.to(p.dtype)) - - # Requantize states - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'] = quantize_state(exp_avg, block_size) - state['exp_avg_sq_uint8'], state['exp_avg_sq_max'] = quantize_state_unsigned(exp_avg_sq, block_size) - - return loss - - -class AdamW8bit(Optimizer): - """ - 8-bit AdamW optimizer with decoupled weight decay. - - Like Adam8bit but with decoupled weight decay regularization - as described in "Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization". - - Args: - params: Iterable of parameters to optimize - lr: Learning rate (default: 1e-3) - betas: Coefficients for computing running averages (default: (0.9, 0.999)) - eps: Term added to denominator for numerical stability (default: 1e-8) - weight_decay: Weight decay coefficient (default: 1e-2) - block_size: Block size for quantization (default: 256) - """ - - def __init__( - self, - params, - lr: float = 1e-3, - betas: Tuple[float, float] = (0.9, 0.999), - eps: float = 1e-8, - weight_decay: float = 1e-2, - block_size: int = 256, - max_grad_norm: Optional[float] = None, - ): - if lr < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid learning rate: {lr}") - if eps < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid epsilon: {eps}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[0] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta1: {betas[0]}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[1] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta2: {betas[1]}") - if weight_decay < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid weight_decay: {weight_decay}") - if max_grad_norm is not None and max_grad_norm <= 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid max_grad_norm: {max_grad_norm}") - - defaults = dict(lr=lr, betas=betas, eps=eps, weight_decay=weight_decay, - block_size=block_size, max_grad_norm=max_grad_norm) - super().__init__(params, defaults) - self._state_init_lock = threading.Lock() - - @torch.no_grad() - def step(self, closure: Optional[Callable] = None): - """Performs a single optimization step.""" - loss = None - if closure is not None: - with torch.enable_grad(): - loss = closure() - - for group in self.param_groups: - beta1, beta2 = group['betas'] - block_size = group['block_size'] - max_grad_norm = group.get('max_grad_norm') - - # Optional gradient clipping - if max_grad_norm is not None: - params_with_grad = [p for p in group['params'] if p.grad is not None] - if params_with_grad: - torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(params_with_grad, max_grad_norm) - - for p in group['params']: - if p.grad is None: - continue - - grad = p.grad - if grad.is_sparse: - raise RuntimeError("AdamW8bit does not support sparse gradients") - - state = self.state[p] - - # State initialization (thread-safe) - if len(state) == 0: - with self._state_init_lock: - # Double-check after acquiring lock - if len(state) == 0: - state['step'] = 0 - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'] = quantize_state( - torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format), - block_size - ) - state['exp_avg_sq_uint8'], state['exp_avg_sq_max'] = quantize_state_unsigned( - torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format), - block_size - ) - - state['step'] += 1 - - # Try native Metal kernel - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and p.device.type == 'mps' and p.dtype == torch.float16: - try: - _C.adam8bit_step( - p.data, grad, - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'], - state['exp_avg_sq_uint8'], state['exp_avg_sq_max'], - beta1, beta2, group['eps'], group['lr'], - group['weight_decay'], state['step'], block_size, - True, # is_adamw=True for AdamW - ) - continue - except Exception: - pass # Fall through to Python path - - # Python fallback - exp_avg = dequantize_state( - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'], - block_size, torch.float32 - ) - exp_avg_sq = dequantize_state_unsigned( - state['exp_avg_sq_uint8'], state['exp_avg_sq_max'], - block_size, torch.float32 - ) - - # Decoupled weight decay - if group['weight_decay'] != 0: - p.mul_(1 - group['lr'] * group['weight_decay']) - - # Update biased first moment estimate - grad_fp32 = grad.float() - exp_avg.mul_(beta1).add_(grad_fp32, alpha=1 - beta1) - # Update biased second raw moment estimate - exp_avg_sq.mul_(beta2).addcmul_(grad_fp32, grad_fp32, value=1 - beta2) - - # Bias correction - bias_correction1 = 1 - beta1 ** state['step'] - bias_correction2 = 1 - beta2 ** state['step'] - - # Compute step (in FP32 for numerical stability) - step_size = group['lr'] / bias_correction1 - denom = (exp_avg_sq.sqrt() / (bias_correction2 ** 0.5)).add_(group['eps']) - update = exp_avg / denom * (-step_size) - p.add_(update.to(p.dtype)) - - # Requantize states - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'] = quantize_state(exp_avg, block_size) - state['exp_avg_sq_uint8'], state['exp_avg_sq_max'] = quantize_state_unsigned(exp_avg_sq, block_size) - - return loss diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/lion8bit.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/lion8bit.py deleted file mode 100644 index 421669b..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/lion8bit.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,121 +0,0 @@ -""" -8-bit Lion optimizer for MPS - -Lion (Evolved Sign Momentum) uses only sign operations, making it -naturally suited for 8-bit quantization with minimal accuracy loss. -""" - -import torch -from torch.optim import Optimizer -from typing import Tuple, Optional, Callable - -from .adam8bit import quantize_state, dequantize_state -from ..functional import _try_load_native - - -class Lion8bit(Optimizer): - """ - 8-bit Lion optimizer with blockwise quantization. - - Lion uses sign-based updates which are robust to quantization. - Only stores one momentum state (vs two for Adam), so memory - savings are even more significant. - - Args: - params: Iterable of parameters to optimize - lr: Learning rate (default: 1e-4) - betas: Coefficients for computing running averages (default: (0.9, 0.99)) - weight_decay: Weight decay coefficient (default: 0) - block_size: Block size for quantization (default: 256) - - Reference: - "Symbolic Discovery of Optimization Algorithms" - https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.06675 - """ - - def __init__( - self, - params, - lr: float = 1e-4, - betas: Tuple[float, float] = (0.9, 0.99), - weight_decay: float = 0, - block_size: int = 256, - ): - if lr < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid learning rate: {lr}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[0] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta1: {betas[0]}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[1] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta2: {betas[1]}") - if weight_decay < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid weight_decay: {weight_decay}") - - defaults = dict(lr=lr, betas=betas, weight_decay=weight_decay, - block_size=block_size) - super().__init__(params, defaults) - - @torch.no_grad() - def step(self, closure: Optional[Callable] = None): - """Performs a single optimization step.""" - loss = None - if closure is not None: - with torch.enable_grad(): - loss = closure() - - for group in self.param_groups: - beta1, beta2 = group['betas'] - block_size = group['block_size'] - - for p in group['params']: - if p.grad is None: - continue - - grad = p.grad - if grad.is_sparse: - raise RuntimeError("Lion8bit does not support sparse gradients") - - state = self.state[p] - - # State initialization - if len(state) == 0: - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'] = quantize_state( - torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format), - block_size - ) - - # Try native Metal kernel - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and p.device.type == 'mps' and p.dtype == torch.float16: - try: - _C.lion8bit_step( - p.data, grad, - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'], - beta1, beta2, group['lr'], - group['weight_decay'], block_size, - ) - continue - except Exception: - pass # Fall through to Python path - - # Python fallback - exp_avg = dequantize_state( - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'], - block_size, torch.float32 - ) - - # Weight decay - if group['weight_decay'] != 0: - p.mul_(1 - group['lr'] * group['weight_decay']) - - # Lion update: use sign of interpolation - grad_fp32 = grad.float() - update = exp_avg.mul(beta1).add(grad_fp32, alpha=1 - beta1) - p.add_(update.sign().to(p.dtype), alpha=-group['lr']) - - # Update momentum for next step - exp_avg.mul_(beta2).add_(grad_fp32, alpha=1 - beta2) - - # Requantize - state['exp_avg_int8'], state['exp_avg_absmax'] = quantize_state(exp_avg, block_size) - - return loss diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/paged.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/paged.py deleted file mode 100644 index d67cfe2..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/paged.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,436 +0,0 @@ -""" -Paged optimizers for MPS - -Offload optimizer states to CPU memory when not in use, enabling training -of larger models by trading compute for memory. -""" - -import torch -from torch.optim import Optimizer -from typing import Tuple, Optional, Callable, Dict, Any, List - - -class PagedAdamW(Optimizer): - """ - Paged AdamW optimizer that offloads states to CPU. - - Optimizer states (m, v) are stored on CPU and moved to GPU only - during the step. This allows training larger models at the cost - of CPU-GPU transfer overhead. - - Args: - params: Iterable of parameters to optimize - lr: Learning rate (default: 1e-3) - betas: Coefficients for computing running averages (default: (0.9, 0.999)) - eps: Term added to denominator for numerical stability (default: 1e-8) - weight_decay: Weight decay coefficient (default: 1e-2) - page_to_cpu: Whether to offload states to CPU (default: True) - - Example: - >>> # Train a model larger than GPU memory - >>> model = LargeModel().to('mps') - >>> optimizer = PagedAdamW(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) - """ - - def __init__( - self, - params, - lr: float = 1e-3, - betas: Tuple[float, float] = (0.9, 0.999), - eps: float = 1e-8, - weight_decay: float = 1e-2, - page_to_cpu: bool = True, - ): - if lr < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid learning rate: {lr}") - if eps < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid epsilon: {eps}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[0] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta1: {betas[0]}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[1] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta2: {betas[1]}") - if weight_decay < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid weight_decay: {weight_decay}") - - defaults = dict(lr=lr, betas=betas, eps=eps, weight_decay=weight_decay, - page_to_cpu=page_to_cpu) - super().__init__(params, defaults) - self._pending_sync = False - - def synchronize(self): - """Ensure all async transfers are complete. Call before accessing state.""" - if self._pending_sync: - torch.mps.synchronize() - self._pending_sync = False - - def __del__(self): - """Ensure sync on cleanup to prevent crashes.""" - if hasattr(self, '_pending_sync') and self._pending_sync: - try: - torch.mps.synchronize() - except Exception: - pass # Ignore errors during cleanup - - @torch.no_grad() - def step(self, closure: Optional[Callable] = None): - """Performs a single optimization step with async prefetching.""" - loss = None - if closure is not None: - with torch.enable_grad(): - loss = closure() - - # Sync from previous step's async page-out (lazy sync) - if self._pending_sync: - torch.mps.synchronize() - self._pending_sync = False - - has_mps_params = False - - for group in self.param_groups: - beta1, beta2 = group['betas'] - page_to_cpu = group['page_to_cpu'] - - # Collect params needing steps for prefetch optimization - params_with_grad = [p for p in group['params'] if p.grad is not None] - if not params_with_grad: - continue - - # Batch small params (numel < 32768) for efficient transfer - small_params: List[torch.Tensor] = [] - large_params: List[torch.Tensor] = [] - for p in params_with_grad: - if p.numel() < 32768: - small_params.append(p) - else: - large_params.append(p) - - # Prefetch first large param's states - prefetched_states: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None - if page_to_cpu and large_params: - state = self.state[large_params[0]] - if len(state) > 0: - prefetched_states = { - 'exp_avg': state['exp_avg'].to(large_params[0].device, non_blocking=True), - 'exp_avg_sq': state['exp_avg_sq'].to(large_params[0].device, non_blocking=True), - 'param': large_params[0], - } - - # Process large params with prefetch overlap - for i, p in enumerate(large_params): - grad = p.grad - if grad.is_sparse: - raise RuntimeError("PagedAdamW does not support sparse gradients") - - has_mps_params = has_mps_params or (p.device.type == 'mps') - state = self.state[p] - - if len(state) == 0: - state['step'] = 0 - storage_device = 'cpu' if page_to_cpu else p.device - state['exp_avg'] = torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format, device=storage_device) - state['exp_avg_sq'] = torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format, device=storage_device) - - state['step'] += 1 - - # Use prefetched states if available for this param - if prefetched_states is not None and prefetched_states['param'] is p: - exp_avg = prefetched_states['exp_avg'] - exp_avg_sq = prefetched_states['exp_avg_sq'] - elif page_to_cpu: - exp_avg = state['exp_avg'].to(p.device) - exp_avg_sq = state['exp_avg_sq'].to(p.device) - else: - exp_avg = state['exp_avg'] - exp_avg_sq = state['exp_avg_sq'] - - # Start prefetching NEXT param's states (overlap with compute) - prefetched_states = None - if page_to_cpu and i + 1 < len(large_params): - next_p = large_params[i + 1] - next_state = self.state[next_p] - if len(next_state) > 0: - prefetched_states = { - 'exp_avg': next_state['exp_avg'].to(next_p.device, non_blocking=True), - 'exp_avg_sq': next_state['exp_avg_sq'].to(next_p.device, non_blocking=True), - 'param': next_p, - } - - # Decoupled weight decay - if group['weight_decay'] != 0: - p.mul_(1 - group['lr'] * group['weight_decay']) - - exp_avg.mul_(beta1).add_(grad, alpha=1 - beta1) - exp_avg_sq.mul_(beta2).addcmul_(grad, grad, value=1 - beta2) - - bias_correction1 = 1 - beta1 ** state['step'] - bias_correction2 = 1 - beta2 ** state['step'] - - step_size = group['lr'] / bias_correction1 - denom = (exp_avg_sq.sqrt() / (bias_correction2 ** 0.5)).add_(group['eps']) - p.addcdiv_(exp_avg, denom, value=-step_size) - - if page_to_cpu: - state['exp_avg'] = exp_avg.to('cpu', non_blocking=True) - state['exp_avg_sq'] = exp_avg_sq.to('cpu', non_blocking=True) - - # Process small params (simple loop, no prefetch overhead) - for p in small_params: - grad = p.grad - if grad.is_sparse: - raise RuntimeError("PagedAdamW does not support sparse gradients") - - has_mps_params = has_mps_params or (p.device.type == 'mps') - state = self.state[p] - - if len(state) == 0: - state['step'] = 0 - storage_device = 'cpu' if page_to_cpu else p.device - state['exp_avg'] = torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format, device=storage_device) - state['exp_avg_sq'] = torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format, device=storage_device) - - state['step'] += 1 - - if page_to_cpu: - exp_avg = state['exp_avg'].to(p.device) - exp_avg_sq = state['exp_avg_sq'].to(p.device) - else: - exp_avg = state['exp_avg'] - exp_avg_sq = state['exp_avg_sq'] - - if group['weight_decay'] != 0: - p.mul_(1 - group['lr'] * group['weight_decay']) - - exp_avg.mul_(beta1).add_(grad, alpha=1 - beta1) - exp_avg_sq.mul_(beta2).addcmul_(grad, grad, value=1 - beta2) - - bias_correction1 = 1 - beta1 ** state['step'] - bias_correction2 = 1 - beta2 ** state['step'] - step_size = group['lr'] / bias_correction1 - denom = (exp_avg_sq.sqrt() / (bias_correction2 ** 0.5)).add_(group['eps']) - p.addcdiv_(exp_avg, denom, value=-step_size) - - if page_to_cpu: - state['exp_avg'] = exp_avg.to('cpu', non_blocking=True) - state['exp_avg_sq'] = exp_avg_sq.to('cpu', non_blocking=True) - - # Mark that we need sync before next step - if has_mps_params: - self._pending_sync = True - - return loss - - -class PagedAdam(PagedAdamW): - """ - Paged Adam optimizer (L2 weight decay, not decoupled). - - Same as PagedAdamW but with L2 regularization applied to gradients - instead of decoupled weight decay. - """ - - def __init__( - self, - params, - lr: float = 1e-3, - betas: Tuple[float, float] = (0.9, 0.999), - eps: float = 1e-8, - weight_decay: float = 0, - page_to_cpu: bool = True, - ): - super().__init__(params, lr=lr, betas=betas, eps=eps, - weight_decay=weight_decay, page_to_cpu=page_to_cpu) - - @torch.no_grad() - def step(self, closure: Optional[Callable] = None): - """Performs a single optimization step with L2 weight decay.""" - loss = None - if closure is not None: - with torch.enable_grad(): - loss = closure() - - # Sync from previous step's async page-out - if self._pending_sync: - torch.mps.synchronize() - self._pending_sync = False - - has_mps_params = False - - for group in self.param_groups: - beta1, beta2 = group['betas'] - page_to_cpu = group['page_to_cpu'] - - for p in group['params']: - if p.grad is None: - continue - - grad = p.grad - if grad.is_sparse: - raise RuntimeError("PagedAdam does not support sparse gradients") - - # L2 weight decay (applied to grad, not weights) - if group['weight_decay'] != 0: - grad = grad.add(p, alpha=group['weight_decay']) - - has_mps_params = has_mps_params or (p.device.type == 'mps') - state = self.state[p] - - if len(state) == 0: - state['step'] = 0 - storage_device = 'cpu' if page_to_cpu else p.device - state['exp_avg'] = torch.zeros_like( - p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format, device=storage_device - ) - state['exp_avg_sq'] = torch.zeros_like( - p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format, device=storage_device - ) - - state['step'] += 1 - - if page_to_cpu: - exp_avg = state['exp_avg'].to(p.device) - exp_avg_sq = state['exp_avg_sq'].to(p.device) - else: - exp_avg = state['exp_avg'] - exp_avg_sq = state['exp_avg_sq'] - - exp_avg.mul_(beta1).add_(grad, alpha=1 - beta1) - exp_avg_sq.mul_(beta2).addcmul_(grad, grad, value=1 - beta2) - - bias_correction1 = 1 - beta1 ** state['step'] - bias_correction2 = 1 - beta2 ** state['step'] - - step_size = group['lr'] / bias_correction1 - denom = (exp_avg_sq.sqrt() / (bias_correction2 ** 0.5)).add_(group['eps']) - p.addcdiv_(exp_avg, denom, value=-step_size) - - if page_to_cpu: - state['exp_avg'] = exp_avg.to('cpu', non_blocking=True) - state['exp_avg_sq'] = exp_avg_sq.to('cpu', non_blocking=True) - - if has_mps_params: - self._pending_sync = True - - return loss - - -class PagedLion(Optimizer): - """ - Paged Lion optimizer that offloads momentum to CPU. - - Lion only has one momentum state, making paging even more efficient. - """ - - def __init__( - self, - params, - lr: float = 1e-4, - betas: Tuple[float, float] = (0.9, 0.99), - weight_decay: float = 0, - page_to_cpu: bool = True, - ): - if lr < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid learning rate: {lr}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[0] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta1: {betas[0]}") - if not 0.0 <= betas[1] < 1.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid beta2: {betas[1]}") - - defaults = dict(lr=lr, betas=betas, weight_decay=weight_decay, - page_to_cpu=page_to_cpu) - super().__init__(params, defaults) - self._pending_sync = False - - def synchronize(self): - """Ensure all async transfers are complete. Call before accessing state.""" - if self._pending_sync: - torch.mps.synchronize() - self._pending_sync = False - - def __del__(self): - """Ensure sync on cleanup to prevent crashes.""" - if hasattr(self, '_pending_sync') and self._pending_sync: - try: - torch.mps.synchronize() - except Exception: - pass - - @torch.no_grad() - def step(self, closure: Optional[Callable] = None): - """Performs a single optimization step with async prefetching.""" - loss = None - if closure is not None: - with torch.enable_grad(): - loss = closure() - - # Sync from previous step's async page-out - if self._pending_sync: - torch.mps.synchronize() - self._pending_sync = False - - has_mps_params = False - - for group in self.param_groups: - beta1, beta2 = group['betas'] - page_to_cpu = group['page_to_cpu'] - - params_with_grad = [p for p in group['params'] if p.grad is not None] - if not params_with_grad: - continue - - # Prefetch first param's states - prefetched_exp_avg: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None - prefetched_param: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None - if page_to_cpu and params_with_grad: - state = self.state[params_with_grad[0]] - if len(state) > 0: - prefetched_exp_avg = state['exp_avg'].to(params_with_grad[0].device, non_blocking=True) - prefetched_param = params_with_grad[0] - - for i, p in enumerate(params_with_grad): - grad = p.grad - has_mps_params = has_mps_params or (p.device.type == 'mps') - state = self.state[p] - - if len(state) == 0: - storage_device = 'cpu' if page_to_cpu else p.device - state['exp_avg'] = torch.zeros_like( - p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format, device=storage_device - ) - - # Use prefetched state if available - if prefetched_exp_avg is not None and prefetched_param is p: - exp_avg = prefetched_exp_avg - elif page_to_cpu: - exp_avg = state['exp_avg'].to(p.device) - else: - exp_avg = state['exp_avg'] - - # Start prefetching NEXT param's states - prefetched_exp_avg = None - prefetched_param = None - if page_to_cpu and i + 1 < len(params_with_grad): - next_p = params_with_grad[i + 1] - next_state = self.state[next_p] - if len(next_state) > 0: - prefetched_exp_avg = next_state['exp_avg'].to(next_p.device, non_blocking=True) - prefetched_param = next_p - - # Weight decay - if group['weight_decay'] != 0: - p.mul_(1 - group['lr'] * group['weight_decay']) - - # Lion update - update = exp_avg.mul(beta1).add(grad, alpha=1 - beta1) - p.add_(update.sign(), alpha=-group['lr']) - - # Update momentum - exp_avg.mul_(beta2).add_(grad, alpha=1 - beta2) - - # Page out (async) - if page_to_cpu: - state['exp_avg'] = exp_avg.to('cpu', non_blocking=True) - - if has_mps_params: - self._pending_sync = True - - return loss diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/sgd8bit.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/sgd8bit.py deleted file mode 100644 index 515b8de..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/mps_bitsandbytes/optim/sgd8bit.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -""" -8-bit SGD optimizer with momentum for MPS -""" - -import torch -from torch.optim import Optimizer -from typing import Optional, Callable - -from .adam8bit import quantize_state, dequantize_state -from ..functional import _try_load_native - - -class SGD8bit(Optimizer): - """ - 8-bit SGD optimizer with momentum. - - Stores momentum buffer in int8 format for memory efficiency. - - Args: - params: Iterable of parameters to optimize - lr: Learning rate (required) - momentum: Momentum factor (default: 0) - dampening: Dampening for momentum (default: 0) - weight_decay: Weight decay (L2 penalty) (default: 0) - nesterov: Enables Nesterov momentum (default: False) - block_size: Block size for quantization (default: 256) - """ - - def __init__( - self, - params, - lr: float, - momentum: float = 0, - dampening: float = 0, - weight_decay: float = 0, - nesterov: bool = False, - block_size: int = 256, - ): - if lr < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid learning rate: {lr}") - if momentum < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid momentum: {momentum}") - if weight_decay < 0.0: - raise ValueError(f"Invalid weight_decay: {weight_decay}") - if nesterov and (momentum <= 0 or dampening != 0): - raise ValueError("Nesterov momentum requires momentum > 0 and zero dampening") - - defaults = dict(lr=lr, momentum=momentum, dampening=dampening, - weight_decay=weight_decay, nesterov=nesterov, - block_size=block_size) - super().__init__(params, defaults) - - @torch.no_grad() - def step(self, closure: Optional[Callable] = None): - """Performs a single optimization step.""" - loss = None - if closure is not None: - with torch.enable_grad(): - loss = closure() - - for group in self.param_groups: - momentum = group['momentum'] - dampening = group['dampening'] - nesterov = group['nesterov'] - block_size = group['block_size'] - - for p in group['params']: - if p.grad is None: - continue - - grad = p.grad - if grad.is_sparse: - raise RuntimeError("SGD8bit does not support sparse gradients") - - # Weight decay - if group['weight_decay'] != 0: - grad = grad.add(p, alpha=group['weight_decay']) - - # Momentum - if momentum != 0: - state = self.state[p] - - if len(state) == 0: - state['momentum_int8'], state['momentum_absmax'] = quantize_state( - torch.zeros_like(p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format), - block_size - ) - - # Try native Metal kernel - _C = _try_load_native() - if _C is not None and p.device.type == 'mps' and p.dtype == torch.float16: - try: - _C.sgd8bit_step( - p.data, grad, - state['momentum_int8'], state['momentum_absmax'], - group['lr'], momentum, dampening, - group['weight_decay'], nesterov, block_size, - ) - continue - except Exception: - pass # Fall through to Python path - - # Python fallback - buf = dequantize_state( - state['momentum_int8'], state['momentum_absmax'], - block_size, torch.float32 - ) - grad_fp32 = grad.float() - buf.mul_(momentum).add_(grad_fp32, alpha=1 - dampening) - - if nesterov: - grad_fp32 = grad_fp32.add(buf, alpha=momentum) - else: - grad_fp32 = buf - - # Requantize - state['momentum_int8'], state['momentum_absmax'] = quantize_state(buf, block_size) - grad = grad_fp32.to(p.dtype) - - p.add_(grad, alpha=-group['lr']) - - return loss diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/pyproject.toml b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/pyproject.toml deleted file mode 100644 index 4683d31..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/pyproject.toml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -[build-system] -requires = ["setuptools>=61.0", "wheel"] -build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta" - -[project] -name = "mps-bitsandbytes" -version = "0.7.0" -description = "NF4/FP4/FP8/INT8 quantization for PyTorch on Apple Silicon with Metal GPU acceleration" -readme = "README.md" -license = "MIT" -authors = [ - {name = "imperatormk"} -] -keywords = [ - "quantization", - "4bit", - "8bit", - "nf4", - "qlora", - "apple-silicon", - "pytorch", - "mps", - "metal", - "bitsandbytes", - "llm", - "transformers", -] -classifiers = [ - "Development Status :: 4 - Beta", - "Intended Audience :: Developers", - "Intended Audience :: Science/Research", - "Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X", - "Programming Language :: Python :: 3", - "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10", - "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11", - "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12", - "Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Artificial Intelligence", -] -requires-python = ">=3.10" -dependencies = [ - "torch>=2.0.0", -] - -[project.optional-dependencies] -dev = [ - "pytest>=7.0", - "pytest-cov", -] -transformers = [ - "transformers>=4.30.0", - "accelerate>=0.20.0", -] - -[project.urls] -Homepage = "https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes" -Repository = "https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes" -Issues = "https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes/issues" -Documentation = "https://github.com/mpsops/mps-bitsandbytes#readme" - -[tool.setuptools] -packages = ["mps_bitsandbytes", "mps_bitsandbytes.nn", "mps_bitsandbytes.optim"] -include-package-data = true - -[tool.setuptools.package-data] -mps_bitsandbytes = [ - "kernels/*.metal", - "kernels/*.metallib", -] - -[tool.pytest.ini_options] -testpaths = ["tests"] -python_files = "test_*.py" -addopts = "-v" diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/setup.cfg b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/setup.cfg deleted file mode 100644 index 8bfd5a1..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/setup.cfg +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -[egg_info] -tag_build = -tag_date = 0 - diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/setup.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/setup.py deleted file mode 100644 index cc14228..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/setup.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,71 +0,0 @@ -""" -Setup script for MPS BitsAndBytes - -Builds the native Metal extension for GPU-accelerated quantization. -""" - -import os -import sys -from setuptools import setup, find_packages, Extension -from setuptools.command.build_ext import build_ext - - -class ObjCppBuildExt(build_ext): - """Build extension for Objective-C++ with PyTorch.""" - - def build_extensions(self): - import torch - from torch.utils import cpp_extension - - self.compiler.src_extensions.append('.mm') - - original_compile = self.compiler._compile - - def objcpp_compile(obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts): - if src.endswith('.mm'): - extra_postargs = ['-x', 'objective-c++'] + list(extra_postargs or []) - return original_compile(obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts) - - self.compiler._compile = objcpp_compile - - for ext in self.extensions: - ext.include_dirs.extend(cpp_extension.include_paths()) - ext.library_dirs.extend(cpp_extension.library_paths()) - ext.libraries.extend(['c10', 'torch', 'torch_cpu', 'torch_python']) - - super().build_extensions() - - -def get_extensions(): - if sys.platform != "darwin": - return [] - - return [Extension( - name="mps_bitsandbytes._C", - sources=["mps_bitsandbytes/csrc/mps_bitsandbytes.mm"], - extra_compile_args=["-std=c++17", "-O3", "-DNDEBUG"], - extra_link_args=["-framework", "Metal", "-framework", "Foundation"], - )] - - -setup( - name="mps-bitsandbytes", - version="0.7.0", - description="4-bit NF4 and 8-bit quantization for PyTorch on Apple Silicon", - packages=find_packages(exclude=['tests', 'tests.*']), - package_data={ - "mps_bitsandbytes": [ - "kernels/*.metal", - "kernels/*.metallib", - ], - }, - include_package_data=True, - install_requires=["torch>=2.0"], - extras_require={ - "dev": ["pytest>=7.0", "pytest-cov"], - "transformers": ["transformers>=4.30.0", "accelerate>=0.20.0"], - }, - ext_modules=get_extensions(), - cmdclass={"build_ext": ObjCppBuildExt}, - python_requires=">=3.10", -) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_advanced_linear.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_advanced_linear.py deleted file mode 100644 index 247f898..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_advanced_linear.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,217 +0,0 @@ -""" -Tests for advanced linear layers (OutlierAwareLinear, SwitchBackLinear). -""" - -import pytest -import torch -import torch.nn as nn - -from mps_bitsandbytes.nn import ( - OutlierAwareLinear, - SwitchBackLinear, SwitchBackLinearCallback, -) - - -@pytest.fixture -def device(): - return 'mps' if torch.backends.mps.is_available() else 'cpu' - - -class TestOutlierAwareLinear: - def test_from_linear(self, device): - """Test conversion from nn.Linear.""" - linear = nn.Linear(256, 128).half().to(device) - oa_linear = OutlierAwareLinear.from_linear(linear, device=device) - - assert oa_linear.in_features == 256 - assert oa_linear.out_features == 128 - - def test_forward_shape(self, device): - """Test forward pass produces correct shape.""" - linear = nn.Linear(256, 128).half().to(device) - oa_linear = OutlierAwareLinear.from_linear(linear, device=device) - - x = torch.randn(8, 32, 256, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - output = oa_linear(x) - - assert output.shape == (8, 32, 128) - - def test_output_close_to_original(self, device): - """Test output is close to FP16 reference.""" - linear = nn.Linear(128, 64, bias=True).half().to(device) - oa_linear = OutlierAwareLinear.from_linear(linear, device=device) - - x = torch.randn(4, 16, 128, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - orig_output = linear(x) - quant_output = oa_linear(x) - - # Should be reasonably close - relative_error = (orig_output - quant_output).abs().mean() / orig_output.abs().mean() - assert relative_error < 0.15 - - def test_outlier_detection(self, device): - """Test outlier columns are detected.""" - # Create weight with obvious outliers - linear = nn.Linear(64, 32, bias=False).half().to(device) - with torch.no_grad(): - linear.weight.fill_(0.1) - # Add large outliers in specific columns - linear.weight[:, 5] = 10.0 - linear.weight[:, 20] = 10.0 - - oa_linear = OutlierAwareLinear.from_linear(linear, threshold=3.0, device=device) - - # Should detect the outlier columns - assert len(oa_linear.outlier_indices) > 0 - - def test_no_outliers(self, device): - """Test layer works when no outliers detected.""" - linear = nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to(device) - # Normal initialization shouldn't have outliers - oa_linear = OutlierAwareLinear.from_linear(linear, threshold=10.0, device=device) - - x = torch.randn(4, 64, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - output = oa_linear(x) - - assert output.shape == (4, 32) - - def test_bias(self, device): - """Test bias handling.""" - # With bias - linear_bias = nn.Linear(64, 32, bias=True).half().to(device) - oa_bias = OutlierAwareLinear.from_linear(linear_bias, device=device) - assert oa_bias.bias is not None - - # Without bias - linear_no_bias = nn.Linear(64, 32, bias=False).half().to(device) - oa_no_bias = OutlierAwareLinear.from_linear(linear_no_bias, device=device) - assert oa_no_bias.bias is None - - -class TestSwitchBackLinear: - def test_from_linear(self, device): - """Test conversion from nn.Linear.""" - linear = nn.Linear(256, 128).half().to(device) - sb_linear = SwitchBackLinear.from_linear(linear, device=device) - - assert sb_linear.in_features == 256 - assert sb_linear.out_features == 128 - - def test_forward_shape(self, device): - """Test forward pass produces correct shape.""" - linear = nn.Linear(256, 128).half().to(device) - sb_linear = SwitchBackLinear.from_linear(linear, device=device) - - x = torch.randn(8, 32, 256, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - output = sb_linear(x) - - assert output.shape == (8, 32, 128) - - def test_backward_pass(self, device): - """Test backward pass computes gradients.""" - linear = nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to(device) - sb_linear = SwitchBackLinear.from_linear(linear, device=device) - - x = torch.randn(4, 16, 64, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - output = sb_linear(x) - loss = output.sum() - loss.backward() - - # FP16 weights should have gradients - assert sb_linear.weight_fp.grad is not None - assert sb_linear.weight_fp.grad.abs().sum() > 0 - - def test_output_close_to_original(self, device): - """Test output is close to FP16 reference.""" - linear = nn.Linear(128, 64, bias=True).half().to(device) - sb_linear = SwitchBackLinear.from_linear(linear, device=device) - - x = torch.randn(4, 16, 128, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - orig_output = linear(x) - sb_output = sb_linear(x) - - # Should be very close (uses dequantized INT8) - relative_error = (orig_output - sb_output).abs().mean() / orig_output.abs().mean() - assert relative_error < 0.1 - - def test_weight_sync(self, device): - """Test INT8 weights can be synced from FP16.""" - linear = nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to(device) - sb_linear = SwitchBackLinear.from_linear(linear, device=device) - - # Modify FP16 weights - with torch.no_grad(): - sb_linear.weight_fp.fill_(0.5) - - # Sync should update INT8 - sb_linear.sync_weights() - - # INT8 weights should reflect the change - expected_int8 = torch.full((32, 64), 127, dtype=torch.int8, device=device) - assert torch.allclose(sb_linear.weight_int8.float(), expected_int8.float(), atol=1) - - def test_training_loop(self, device): - """Test SwitchBackLinear in a training loop.""" - linear = nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to(device) - sb_linear = SwitchBackLinear.from_linear(linear, device=device) - sb_linear.train() - - # Use SGD instead of AdamW - AdamW + fp16 + MPS is unstable - optimizer = torch.optim.SGD([sb_linear.weight_fp], lr=0.1) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - target = torch.randn(8, 32, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - initial_loss = ((sb_linear(x) - target) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(20): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((sb_linear(x) - target) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - sb_linear.sync_weights() - - final_loss = ((sb_linear(x) - target) ** 2).mean().item() - assert final_loss < initial_loss - - -class TestSwitchBackLinearCallback: - def test_callback_syncs_all_layers(self, device): - """Test callback syncs all SwitchBackLinear layers.""" - class Model(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.fc1 = SwitchBackLinear.from_linear( - nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to(device), device=device - ) - self.fc2 = SwitchBackLinear.from_linear( - nn.Linear(32, 16).half().to(device), device=device - ) - - def forward(self, x): - return self.fc2(torch.relu(self.fc1(x))) - - model = Model() - callback = SwitchBackLinearCallback(model) - - # Modify FP16 weights - with torch.no_grad(): - model.fc1.weight_fp.fill_(0.1) - model.fc2.weight_fp.fill_(0.2) - - # Sync all - callback.sync() - - # When all values are uniform, int8 will be 127 (normalized to max) - # and scales will hold the actual value (0.1, 0.2) - # So int8 values should be 127, and scales should be ~0.1 and ~0.2 - assert model.fc1.weight_int8.float().mean().item() == pytest.approx(127, abs=1) - assert model.fc1.weight_scales.mean().item() == pytest.approx(0.1, abs=0.01) - assert model.fc2.weight_int8.float().mean().item() == pytest.approx(127, abs=1) - assert model.fc2.weight_scales.mean().item() == pytest.approx(0.2, abs=0.01) - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - pytest.main([__file__, '-v']) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_edge_cases.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_edge_cases.py deleted file mode 100644 index 4d39ef1..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_edge_cases.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,348 +0,0 @@ -""" -Edge case tests for mps-bitsandbytes. - -These tests expose potential bugs similar to those found in mps-flash-attention: -1. Bias dtype mismatches -2. Division by zero in scale calculations -3. Buffer bounds with unusual shapes -4. Stress tests for numerical stability -""" - -import pytest -import torch -import math - -pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif( - not torch.backends.mps.is_available(), - reason="MPS not available" -) - - -@pytest.fixture(scope="module") -def bnb(): - """Import mps_bitsandbytes module.""" - import mps_bitsandbytes as bnb - return bnb - - -# ============================================================================= -# Bias Dtype Mismatch Tests -# ============================================================================= - -class TestBiasDtype: - """Test bias handling with different dtypes. - - The Metal kernels declare bias as `half*` but callers might pass float32. - This mirrors the FP16/FP32 mismatch bug found in mps-flash-attention. - """ - - def test_matmul_bias_fp32(self, bnb): - """Test matmul_4bit with FP32 bias - potential dtype mismatch.""" - M, N, K = 32, 64, 128 - - weight = torch.randn(N, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - bias = torch.randn(N, device='mps', dtype=torch.float32) # FP32 bias! - - weight_packed, weight_state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=64) - - # This might produce wrong results if Metal kernel expects half - output = bnb.functional.matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=bias) - - assert not torch.isnan(output).any(), "FP32 bias produced NaN" - assert not torch.isinf(output).any(), "FP32 bias produced Inf" - - # Verify bias actually affected output (not ignored) - output_no_bias = bnb.functional.matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=None) - diff = (output - output_no_bias).abs().max().item() - - # Bias should make a difference - assert diff > 0.01, f"FP32 bias might be ignored (diff={diff})" - - def test_matmul_bias_bf16(self, bnb): - """Test matmul_4bit with BF16 bias - potential dtype mismatch.""" - M, N, K = 32, 64, 128 - - weight = torch.randn(N, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - bias = torch.randn(N, device='mps', dtype=torch.bfloat16) # BF16 bias! - - weight_packed, weight_state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=64) - - output = bnb.functional.matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=bias) - - assert not torch.isnan(output).any(), "BF16 bias produced NaN" - assert not torch.isinf(output).any(), "BF16 bias produced Inf" - - def test_matmul_bias_not_ignored(self, bnb): - """Critical test: Ensure bias is actually applied, not silently ignored.""" - M, N, K = 32, 64, 128 - - torch.manual_seed(42) - weight = torch.randn(N, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - weight_packed, weight_state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=64) - - # Zero bias should match no-bias - zero_bias = torch.zeros(N, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - output_zero_bias = bnb.functional.matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=zero_bias) - output_no_bias = bnb.functional.matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=None) - - zero_diff = (output_zero_bias - output_no_bias).abs().max().item() - assert zero_diff < 0.01, f"Zero bias should match no-bias, got diff {zero_diff}" - - # Large bias MUST produce different output - large_bias = torch.ones(N, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) * 10.0 - output_large_bias = bnb.functional.matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=large_bias) - - large_diff = (output_large_bias - output_no_bias).abs().max().item() - assert large_diff > 1.0, f"Bias appears to be ignored! Diff with large bias: {large_diff}" - - -# ============================================================================= -# Division by Zero / Zero Input Tests -# ============================================================================= - -class TestZeroInputs: - """Test handling of zero/near-zero inputs. - - The scale calculation `127.0 / absmax` can produce INF if absmax is 0. - The code uses clamp(min=1e-8) but we test edge cases. - """ - - def test_quantize_all_zeros(self, bnb): - """Quantizing all-zero tensor should not produce NaN/Inf.""" - x = torch.zeros(256, 256, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(x) - - assert not torch.isnan(quantized).any(), "Zero input produced NaN in quantized" - assert not torch.isinf(state.absmax).any(), "Zero input produced Inf in absmax" - - # Dequantize should give back zeros (or near-zero) - dequantized = bnb.functional.dequantize_4bit(quantized, state) - assert dequantized.abs().max() < 0.1, "Zero input didn't dequantize to near-zero" - - def test_quantize_single_nonzero(self, bnb): - """Tensor with single non-zero value per block.""" - blocksize = 64 - x = torch.zeros(256, 256, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - # Put single non-zero in each block - x[::blocksize, 0] = 1.0 - - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(x, blocksize=blocksize) - - assert not torch.isnan(quantized).any(), "Single nonzero produced NaN" - assert not torch.isinf(state.absmax).any(), "Single nonzero produced Inf in absmax" - - def test_quantize_near_zero(self, bnb): - """Tensor with very small values (denormals).""" - x = torch.full((128, 128), 1e-38, device='mps', dtype=torch.float32) - - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(x) - - assert not torch.isnan(quantized).any(), "Denormal input produced NaN" - assert not torch.isinf(state.absmax).any(), "Denormal input produced Inf" - - def test_int8_quantize_zeros(self, bnb): - """INT8 quantization with zero input.""" - x = torch.zeros(128, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_blockwise(x, blocksize=64) - - assert not torch.isnan(quantized.float()).any(), "INT8 zero input produced NaN" - - -# ============================================================================= -# Large Value / Overflow Tests -# ============================================================================= - -class TestLargeValues: - """Test handling of very large values that might overflow.""" - - def test_quantize_fp16_max(self, bnb): - """Quantizing FP16 max values.""" - x = torch.full((64, 64), 65504.0, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) # FP16 max - - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(x) - - assert not torch.isnan(quantized).any(), "FP16 max produced NaN" - assert not torch.isinf(state.absmax).any(), "FP16 max produced Inf in absmax" - - def test_quantize_mixed_extreme(self, bnb): - """Mix of very large and very small values.""" - x = torch.zeros(128, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - x[0, 0] = 65504.0 # FP16 max - x[1, 1] = 1e-4 # Very small - x[2, 2] = -65504.0 # FP16 min - - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(x) - - assert not torch.isnan(quantized).any(), "Mixed extreme produced NaN" - - dequantized = bnb.functional.dequantize_4bit(quantized, state) - assert not torch.isnan(dequantized).any(), "Mixed extreme dequant produced NaN" - - -# ============================================================================= -# Unusual Shape Tests -# ============================================================================= - -class TestUnusualShapes: - """Test with shapes that might trigger edge cases in padding/blocking.""" - - @pytest.mark.parametrize("shape", [ - (1, 1), # Minimum - (1, 63), # Not divisible by 64 - (1, 65), # Just over 64 - (7, 13), # Prime dimensions - (128, 127), # Off-by-one from power of 2 - (1, 1024), # Very wide - (1024, 1), # Very tall - (3, 17), # Small primes - ]) - def test_quantize_unusual_shapes(self, bnb, shape): - """Test quantization with unusual shapes.""" - x = torch.randn(*shape, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(x, blocksize=64) - - assert not torch.isnan(quantized).any(), f"Shape {shape} produced NaN" - - dequantized = bnb.functional.dequantize_4bit(quantized, state) - assert dequantized.shape == shape, f"Shape mismatch: {dequantized.shape} vs {shape}" - - @pytest.mark.parametrize("blocksize", [32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024]) - def test_various_blocksizes(self, bnb, blocksize): - """Test different block sizes.""" - # Shape smaller than blocksize - x = torch.randn(16, 16, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(x, blocksize=blocksize) - - assert not torch.isnan(quantized).any(), f"Blocksize {blocksize} produced NaN" - - -# ============================================================================= -# Matmul Stress Tests -# ============================================================================= - -class TestMatmulStress: - """Stress tests for matmul operations.""" - - def test_matmul_repeated_no_nan(self, bnb): - """Repeated matmul should not accumulate errors into NaN.""" - M, N, K = 32, 128, 256 - - weight = torch.randn(N, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - bias = torch.randn(N, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - weight_packed, weight_state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=64) - - nan_count = 0 - for i in range(50): - torch.manual_seed(i) - x = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - output = bnb.functional.matmul_4bit(x, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=bias) - - if torch.isnan(output).any(): - nan_count += 1 - - assert nan_count == 0, f"Matmul stress test: {nan_count}/50 had NaN" - - def test_matmul_various_sizes_no_nan(self, bnb): - """Test matmul with various sizes that might trigger edge cases.""" - test_cases = [ - (1, 64, 128), # Single row - (7, 64, 128), # Prime M - (32, 63, 127), # Non-power-of-2 N, K - (32, 64, 65), # K just over 64 - (128, 256, 512), # Large - ] - - nan_count = 0 - for M, N, K in test_cases: - weight = torch.randn(N, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - x = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - bias = torch.randn(N, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - weight_packed, weight_state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=64) - output = bnb.functional.matmul_4bit(x, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=bias) - - if torch.isnan(output).any(): - nan_count += 1 - print(f"NaN at shape M={M}, N={N}, K={K}") - - assert nan_count == 0, f"Various sizes test: {nan_count}/{len(test_cases)} had NaN" - - -# ============================================================================= -# Scale Index Bounds Tests -# ============================================================================= - -class TestScaleBounds: - """Test that scale indexing doesn't go out of bounds.""" - - def test_mismatched_weight_absmax_shape(self, bnb): - """Test behavior when weight and absmax shapes might mismatch.""" - in_features, out_features = 128, 64 - blocksize = 64 - - # Manually create a weight - weight = torch.randn(out_features, in_features, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # Quantize - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=blocksize) - - # Verify shapes are consistent - K_padded = ((in_features + blocksize - 1) // blocksize) * blocksize - if K_padded % 2 != 0: - K_padded += blocksize - - num_blocks = out_features * (K_padded // blocksize) - - assert state.absmax.numel() == num_blocks, \ - f"Absmax size mismatch: {state.absmax.numel()} vs expected {num_blocks}" - - -# ============================================================================= -# Memory Corruption Detection Tests -# ============================================================================= - -class TestMemoryCorruption: - """Tests that might detect memory corruption from buffer overflows.""" - - def test_quantize_dequantize_roundtrip(self, bnb): - """Quantize then dequantize should give reasonable results.""" - x = torch.randn(256, 256, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - quantized, state = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(x) - dequantized = bnb.functional.dequantize_4bit(quantized, state) - - # NF4 is lossy, but shouldn't be wildly off - max_diff = (x - dequantized).abs().max().item() - mean_diff = (x - dequantized).abs().mean().item() - - assert max_diff < 2.0, f"Roundtrip max diff {max_diff} too large (memory corruption?)" - assert mean_diff < 0.5, f"Roundtrip mean diff {mean_diff} too large" - - def test_adjacent_buffer_corruption(self, bnb): - """Check if quantization corrupts adjacent memory.""" - # Create adjacent tensors - a = torch.randn(64, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - sentinel = torch.full((64, 64), 42.0, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - b = torch.randn(64, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - sentinel_copy = sentinel.clone() - - # Quantize a and b (but not sentinel) - qa, sa = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(a) - qb, sb = bnb.functional.quantize_4bit(b) - - # Sentinel should be unchanged - assert torch.equal(sentinel, sentinel_copy), "Adjacent memory was corrupted!" - - -if __name__ == "__main__": - pytest.main([__file__, "-v", "--tb=short"]) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_embeddings.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_embeddings.py deleted file mode 100644 index 98147fd..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_embeddings.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,303 +0,0 @@ -""" -Tests for quantized embedding layers. -""" - -import pytest -import torch -import torch.nn as nn - -from mps_bitsandbytes.nn import ( - Embedding4bit, Embedding8bit, - EmbeddingNF4, EmbeddingFP4, -) - - -@pytest.fixture -def device(): - return 'mps' if torch.backends.mps.is_available() else 'cpu' - - -class TestEmbedding4bit: - def test_from_embedding_nf4(self, device): - """Test conversion from nn.Embedding with NF4.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 1000, 256 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, quant_type='nf4', device=device) - - assert embed_4bit.num_embeddings == vocab_size - assert embed_4bit.embedding_dim == embed_dim - assert embed_4bit.quant_type == 'nf4' - - def test_from_embedding_fp4(self, device): - """Test conversion from nn.Embedding with FP4.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 1000, 256 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, quant_type='fp4', device=device) - - assert embed_4bit.quant_type == 'fp4' - - def test_forward(self, device): - """Test forward pass.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 1000, 256 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - # Single batch - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (8, 32), device=device) - output = embed_4bit(indices) - - assert output.shape == (8, 32, embed_dim) - assert output.dtype == torch.float16 - - def test_output_close_to_original(self, device): - """Test quantized output is close to original.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 100, 64 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (4, 16), device=device) - - orig_output = embed(indices) - quant_output = embed_4bit(indices) - - # Should be reasonably close (4-bit has some error) - relative_error = (orig_output - quant_output).abs().mean() / orig_output.abs().mean() - assert relative_error < 0.2 # Within 20% relative error - - def test_padding_idx(self, device): - """Test padding_idx handling.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 100, 64 - padding_idx = 0 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim, padding_idx=padding_idx).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - indices = torch.tensor([[0, 1, 2], [3, 0, 4]], device=device) - output = embed_4bit(indices) - - # Padding indices should be zero - assert torch.allclose(output[:, 0, :][indices[:, 0] == padding_idx], - torch.zeros(embed_dim, device=device, dtype=torch.float16), - atol=1e-3) - - def test_odd_embedding_dim(self, device): - """Test handling of odd embedding dimensions.""" - vocab_size = 100 - embed_dim = 63 # Odd - - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - # Should pad to even - assert embed_4bit.embedding_dim == 64 - - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (4, 8), device=device) - output = embed_4bit(indices) - - # Output includes the padding dimension - assert output.shape == (4, 8, 64) - - -class TestEmbedding8bit: - def test_from_embedding(self, device): - """Test conversion from nn.Embedding.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 1000, 256 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_8bit = Embedding8bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - assert embed_8bit.num_embeddings == vocab_size - assert embed_8bit.embedding_dim == embed_dim - - def test_forward(self, device): - """Test forward pass.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 1000, 256 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_8bit = Embedding8bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (8, 32), device=device) - output = embed_8bit(indices) - - assert output.shape == (8, 32, embed_dim) - - def test_output_close_to_original(self, device): - """Test quantized output is close to original.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 100, 64 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_8bit = Embedding8bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (4, 16), device=device) - - orig_output = embed(indices) - quant_output = embed_8bit(indices) - - # 8-bit should be very close - relative_error = (orig_output - quant_output).abs().mean() / orig_output.abs().mean() - assert relative_error < 0.05 # Within 5% relative error - - def test_memory_savings(self, device): - """Test memory footprint is reduced.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 50000, 4096 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_8bit = Embedding8bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - # FP16: vocab_size * embed_dim * 2 bytes - fp16_size = vocab_size * embed_dim * 2 - # INT8: vocab_size * embed_dim * 1 byte + vocab_size * 4 bytes (scales) - int8_size = vocab_size * embed_dim * 1 + vocab_size * 4 - - # Should be roughly 50% savings - assert int8_size < fp16_size * 0.6 - - -class TestEmbeddingAliases: - def test_embedding_nf4(self, device): - """Test EmbeddingNF4 alias.""" - embed = EmbeddingNF4(100, 64, device=device) - assert embed.quant_type == 'nf4' - - def test_embedding_fp4(self, device): - """Test EmbeddingFP4 alias.""" - embed = EmbeddingFP4(100, 64, device=device) - assert embed.quant_type == 'fp4' - - -class TestEmbeddingIntegration: - def test_unique_index_optimization(self, device): - """Test that repeated indices are handled efficiently.""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 100, 64 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - # Indices with many repeats - indices = torch.tensor([[1, 1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2, 2]], device=device) - output = embed_4bit(indices) - - # All embeddings in each row should be identical - assert torch.allclose(output[0, 0], output[0, 1]) - assert torch.allclose(output[0, 0], output[0, 2]) - assert torch.allclose(output[1, 0], output[1, 1]) - - def test_gradient_flow(self, device): - """Test that gradients flow through (for LoRA-style training).""" - vocab_size, embed_dim = 100, 64 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - # Add a trainable projection - proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, 32).half().to(device) - - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (4, 8), device=device) - output = embed_4bit(indices) - output = proj(output) - loss = output.sum() - loss.backward() - - # Projection should have gradients - assert proj.weight.grad is not None - assert proj.weight.grad.abs().sum() > 0 - - -class TestNativeVsFallbackEmbedding: - """Test that native Metal kernels produce same results as Python fallback.""" - - def _force_fallback_embedding4bit(self, embed_4bit, input): - """Run the Python fallback path explicitly.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes.functional import dequantize_nf4, dequantize_fp4, QuantState - flat_input = input.flatten() - unique_indices, inverse = flat_input.unique(return_inverse=True) - - dequant_fn = dequantize_nf4 if embed_4bit.quant_type == 'nf4' else dequantize_fp4 - packed = embed_4bit.weight_packed[unique_indices] - absmax = embed_4bit.weight_absmax[unique_indices] - - embeddings_list = [] - for i in range(packed.shape[0]): - quant_state = QuantState( - absmax=absmax[i], - shape=torch.Size([embed_4bit.embedding_dim]), - blocksize=embed_4bit.blocksize, - quant_type=embed_4bit.quant_type, - dtype=embed_4bit.dtype, - ) - emb = dequant_fn(packed[i], quant_state) - embeddings_list.append(emb) - embeddings = torch.stack(embeddings_list) - output = embeddings[inverse] - output_shape = list(input.shape) + [embed_4bit.embedding_dim] - return output.view(*output_shape) - - def test_native_vs_fallback_embedding4bit_nf4(self, device): - """Compare native Metal kernel vs Python fallback for NF4 embedding.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - vocab_size, embed_dim = 500, 128 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, quant_type='nf4', device=device) - - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (4, 16), device=device) - - native_output = embed_4bit(indices) - fallback_output = self._force_fallback_embedding4bit(embed_4bit, indices) - - assert torch.allclose(native_output, fallback_output, atol=1e-3), \ - f"Max diff: {(native_output - fallback_output).abs().max().item()}" - - def test_native_vs_fallback_embedding4bit_fp4(self, device): - """Compare native Metal kernel vs Python fallback for FP4 embedding.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - vocab_size, embed_dim = 500, 128 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, quant_type='fp4', device=device) - - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (4, 16), device=device) - - native_output = embed_4bit(indices) - fallback_output = self._force_fallback_embedding4bit(embed_4bit, indices) - - assert torch.allclose(native_output, fallback_output, atol=1e-3), \ - f"Max diff: {(native_output - fallback_output).abs().max().item()}" - - def test_native_vs_fallback_embedding8bit(self, device): - """Compare native Metal kernel vs Python fallback for 8-bit embedding.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - vocab_size, embed_dim = 500, 128 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_8bit = Embedding8bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (4, 16), device=device) - - # Native path - native_output = embed_8bit(indices) - - # Python fallback - weight_int8 = embed_8bit.weight_int8[indices] - scales = embed_8bit.weight_scales[indices] - fallback_output = weight_int8.to(embed_8bit.dtype) * (scales.unsqueeze(-1) / 127.0).to(embed_8bit.dtype) - - # Native kernel computes in float32 then converts to half; - # fallback truncates scale to half before multiply, causing ~1 ULP diff - assert torch.allclose(native_output, fallback_output, atol=2e-3), \ - f"Max diff: {(native_output - fallback_output).abs().max().item()}" - - def test_large_vocabulary_embedding(self, device): - """Stress test with large vocabulary.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - vocab_size, embed_dim = 50000, 4096 - embed = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_dim).half().to(device) - embed_4bit = Embedding4bit.from_embedding(embed, device=device) - - indices = torch.randint(0, vocab_size, (2, 512), device=device) - output = embed_4bit(indices) - - assert output.shape == (2, 512, embed_dim) - assert not torch.isnan(output).any() - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - pytest.main([__file__, '-v']) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_fp4_fp8_double.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_fp4_fp8_double.py deleted file mode 100644 index f2a93aa..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_fp4_fp8_double.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,557 +0,0 @@ -""" -Tests for FP4, FP8, and Double Quantization - -Run with: pytest tests/test_fp4_fp8_double.py -v -""" - -import pytest -import torch - -# Skip all tests if not on macOS with MPS -pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif( - not torch.backends.mps.is_available(), - reason="MPS not available" -) - - -class TestFP4Quantization: - """Tests for FP4 (4-bit floating point) quantization.""" - - def test_quantize_fp4_basic(self): - """Test basic FP4 quantization.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp4, QuantState - - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - packed, state = quantize_fp4(tensor) - - assert packed.dtype == torch.uint8 - assert isinstance(state, QuantState) - assert state.quant_type == 'fp4' - - def test_fp4_roundtrip(self): - """Test FP4 quantize/dequantize roundtrip.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp4, dequantize_fp4 - - tensor = torch.randn(16, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - packed, state = quantize_fp4(tensor) - reconstructed = dequantize_fp4(packed, state) - - # FP4 has limited precision, check cosine similarity - tensor_flat = tensor.float().flatten() - recon_flat = reconstructed.float().flatten() - cosine_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity( - tensor_flat.unsqueeze(0), recon_flat.unsqueeze(0) - ).item() - assert cosine_sim > 0.85, f"Cosine similarity {cosine_sim} too low" - - def test_matmul_fp4_basic(self): - """Test FP4 matmul.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp4, matmul_4bit - - # Create input and weight - input_tensor = torch.randn(8, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - weight = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # Quantize weight - weight_packed, weight_state = quantize_fp4(weight) - - # FP4 matmul - output = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state) - - assert output.shape == (8, 32) - assert not torch.isnan(output).any() - - def test_matmul_fp4_with_bias(self): - """Test FP4 matmul with bias.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp4, matmul_4bit - - input_tensor = torch.randn(4, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - weight = torch.randn(16, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - bias = torch.randn(16, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - weight_packed, weight_state = quantize_fp4(weight) - output = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=bias) - - assert output.shape == (4, 16) - assert not torch.isnan(output).any() - - -class TestFP8Quantization: - """Tests for FP8 E4M3 (8-bit floating point) quantization.""" - - def test_quantize_fp8_basic(self): - """Test basic FP8 quantization.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp8_e4m3 - - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - quantized, scales = quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor) - - assert quantized.dtype == torch.uint8 - assert quantized.shape == tensor.shape - assert scales.shape == (32,) # Row-wise scales - - def test_fp8_roundtrip(self): - """Test FP8 quantize/dequantize roundtrip.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp8_e4m3, dequantize_fp8_e4m3 - - tensor = torch.randn(16, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - quantized, scales = quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor) - reconstructed = dequantize_fp8_e4m3(quantized, scales) - - # FP8 should have better precision than FP4 - tensor_flat = tensor.float().flatten() - recon_flat = reconstructed.float().flatten() - cosine_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity( - tensor_flat.unsqueeze(0), recon_flat.unsqueeze(0) - ).item() - assert cosine_sim > 0.95, f"FP8 cosine similarity {cosine_sim} too low" - - def test_matmul_fp8_basic(self): - """Test FP8 matmul.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp8_e4m3, matmul_fp8_e4m3 - - input_tensor = torch.randn(8, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - weight = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - weight_quant, weight_scales = quantize_fp8_e4m3(weight) - output = matmul_fp8_e4m3(input_tensor, weight_quant, weight_scales) - - assert output.shape == (8, 32) - assert not torch.isnan(output).any() - - def test_fp8_accuracy_vs_fp16(self): - """Test FP8 matmul accuracy vs FP16 reference.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp8_e4m3, matmul_fp8_e4m3 - - torch.manual_seed(42) - input_tensor = torch.randn(16, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - weight = torch.randn(64, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # Reference FP16 matmul - ref_output = torch.nn.functional.linear(input_tensor, weight) - - # FP8 matmul - weight_quant, weight_scales = quantize_fp8_e4m3(weight) - fp8_output = matmul_fp8_e4m3(input_tensor, weight_quant, weight_scales) - - # FP8 should be more accurate than 4-bit - cosine_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity( - ref_output.float().flatten().unsqueeze(0), - fp8_output.float().flatten().unsqueeze(0) - ).item() - print(f"FP8 vs FP16 cosine similarity: {cosine_sim:.4f}") - assert cosine_sim > 0.9, f"FP8 cosine similarity {cosine_sim} too low" - - -class TestDoubleQuantization: - """Tests for double quantization (quantizing the scales).""" - - def test_double_quant_via_compress_statistics(self): - """Test double quantization via compress_statistics parameter.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4 - - # Create a weight and quantize with compress_statistics - weight = torch.randn(128, 256, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - packed, state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64, compress_statistics=True) - - # Should have nested state2 - assert state.state2 is not None - - # Dequantize should work correctly - reconstructed = dequantize_nf4(packed, state) - assert reconstructed.shape == weight.shape - - def test_double_quant_accuracy(self): - """Test double quant doesn't significantly degrade quality.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4 - - weight = torch.randn(64, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # Without double quant - packed1, state1 = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64, compress_statistics=False) - recon1 = dequantize_nf4(packed1, state1) - - # With double quant - packed2, state2 = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64, compress_statistics=True) - recon2 = dequantize_nf4(packed2, state2) - - # Both should be close to original - error1 = (weight - recon1).abs().mean() / weight.abs().mean() - error2 = (weight - recon2).abs().mean() / weight.abs().mean() - - print(f"Without double quant error: {error1:.4f}") - print(f"With double quant error: {error2:.4f}") - - # Double quant adds some error but should still be reasonable - assert error1 < 0.15 - assert error2 < 0.20 - - -class TestFP4VsNF4: - """Compare FP4 and NF4 performance.""" - - def test_nf4_better_for_normal_weights(self): - """Test that NF4 is better for normally distributed weights.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4, quantize_fp4, dequantize_fp4 - - # Normally distributed weights (like in neural networks) - torch.manual_seed(42) - weight = torch.randn(64, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # NF4 - nf4_packed, nf4_state = quantize_nf4(weight) - nf4_recon = dequantize_nf4(nf4_packed, nf4_state) - - # FP4 - fp4_packed, fp4_state = quantize_fp4(weight) - fp4_recon = dequantize_fp4(fp4_packed, fp4_state) - - # Compare reconstruction quality - nf4_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity( - weight.float().flatten().unsqueeze(0), - nf4_recon.float().flatten().unsqueeze(0) - ).item() - - fp4_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity( - weight.float().flatten().unsqueeze(0), - fp4_recon.float().flatten().unsqueeze(0) - ).item() - - print(f"NF4 cosine similarity: {nf4_sim:.4f}") - print(f"FP4 cosine similarity: {fp4_sim:.4f}") - - # NF4 should be at least as good for normal distributions - # (they're close, so just check both are reasonable) - assert nf4_sim > 0.85 - assert fp4_sim > 0.85 - - -class TestLinear4bitFP4Mode: - """Test Linear4bit with FP4 quantization type.""" - - def test_linear4bit_fp4_creation(self): - """Test creating Linear4bit with FP4.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to('mps') - l4_fp4 = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear, quant_type='fp4') - - assert l4_fp4.quant_type == 'fp4' - assert l4_fp4.weight_quant_state is not None - assert l4_fp4.weight_quant_state.quant_type == 'fp4' - - def test_linear4bit_fp4_forward(self): - """Test forward pass with FP4.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to('mps') - l4_fp4 = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear, quant_type='fp4') - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - output = l4_fp4(x) - - assert output.shape == (8, 32) - assert not torch.isnan(output).any() - - def test_linear4bit_fp4_vs_nf4(self): - """Compare FP4 and NF4 modes.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit - - torch.manual_seed(42) - linear = torch.nn.Linear(128, 64).half().to('mps') - x = torch.randn(16, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - l4_nf4 = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear, quant_type='nf4') - l4_fp4 = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear, quant_type='fp4') - - out_nf4 = l4_nf4(x) - out_fp4 = l4_fp4(x) - - # Both should produce valid outputs - assert not torch.isnan(out_nf4).any() - assert not torch.isnan(out_fp4).any() - - # They should be similar but not identical - cosine_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity( - out_nf4.flatten().unsqueeze(0), - out_fp4.flatten().unsqueeze(0) - ).item() - print(f"NF4 vs FP4 cosine similarity: {cosine_sim:.4f}") - assert cosine_sim > 0.9 # Should be similar - - -class TestLinearFP8: - """Tests for LinearFP8 module.""" - - def test_linear_fp8_creation(self): - """Test creating LinearFP8.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import LinearFP8 - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to('mps') - lfp8 = LinearFP8.from_linear(linear) - - assert lfp8.weight_fp8.dtype == torch.uint8 - assert lfp8.weight_fp8.shape == (32, 64) - assert lfp8.weight_scales.shape == (32,) - - def test_linear_fp8_forward(self): - """Test forward pass.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import LinearFP8 - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to('mps') - lfp8 = LinearFP8.from_linear(linear) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - output = lfp8(x) - - assert output.shape == (8, 32) - assert not torch.isnan(output).any() - - def test_linear_fp8_accuracy(self): - """Test FP8 accuracy vs FP16.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import LinearFP8 - - torch.manual_seed(42) - linear = torch.nn.Linear(128, 64).half().to('mps') - lfp8 = LinearFP8.from_linear(linear) - - x = torch.randn(16, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - ref_output = linear(x) - fp8_output = lfp8(x) - - cosine_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity( - ref_output.flatten().unsqueeze(0), - fp8_output.flatten().unsqueeze(0) - ).item() - print(f"LinearFP8 vs FP16 cosine similarity: {cosine_sim:.4f}") - assert cosine_sim > 0.9 - - def test_linear_fp8_batched(self): - """Test batched input.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import LinearFP8 - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to('mps') - lfp8 = LinearFP8.from_linear(linear) - - x = torch.randn(4, 8, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - output = lfp8(x) - - assert output.shape == (4, 8, 32) - - def test_linear_fp8_memory_savings(self): - """Test memory savings vs FP16.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import LinearFP8 - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(1024, 2048).half().to('mps') - lfp8 = LinearFP8.from_linear(linear) - - # FP16: 1024 * 2048 * 2 bytes = 4MB - fp16_size = linear.weight.numel() * 2 - - # FP8: 1024 * 2048 * 1 byte + 2048 * 4 bytes (scales) - fp8_size = lfp8.weight_fp8.numel() * 1 + lfp8.weight_scales.numel() * 4 - - savings = (fp16_size - fp8_size) / fp16_size * 100 - print(f"LinearFP8 memory savings: {savings:.1f}%") - assert savings > 45 # Should be close to 50% - - -class TestImports: - """Test that all new functions are properly exported.""" - - def test_all_exports(self): - """Test all FP4/FP8/double quant functions are exported.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import ( - # QuantState - QuantState, - # Generic 4-bit - quantize_4bit, - dequantize_4bit, - matmul_4bit, - # FP4 - quantize_fp4, - dequantize_fp4, - FP4_CODEBOOK, - # FP8 - quantize_fp8_e4m3, - dequantize_fp8_e4m3, - matmul_fp8_e4m3, - # Blockwise - quantize_blockwise, - dequantize_blockwise, - # Linear modules - Linear4bit, - Linear8bit, - LinearFP8, - ) - - # Just verify they're callable - assert callable(quantize_4bit) - assert callable(dequantize_4bit) - assert callable(matmul_4bit) - assert callable(quantize_fp4) - assert callable(dequantize_fp4) - assert callable(quantize_fp8_e4m3) - assert callable(dequantize_fp8_e4m3) - assert callable(matmul_fp8_e4m3) - assert callable(quantize_blockwise) - assert callable(dequantize_blockwise) - - # Linear modules - assert callable(Linear4bit) - assert callable(Linear8bit) - assert callable(LinearFP8) - - # Codebooks are tensors - assert isinstance(FP4_CODEBOOK, torch.Tensor) - assert len(FP4_CODEBOOK) == 16 - - -class TestInputValidation: - """Tests for input validation and edge cases.""" - - def test_blocksize_validation_negative(self): - """Test that negative blocksize raises error.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_4bit - - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="blocksize must be positive"): - quantize_4bit(tensor, blocksize=-1) - - def test_blocksize_validation_zero(self): - """Test that zero blocksize raises error.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_4bit - - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="blocksize must be positive"): - quantize_4bit(tensor, blocksize=0) - - def test_blocksize_validation_too_large(self): - """Test that oversized blocksize raises error.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_4bit - - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="blocksize too large"): - quantize_4bit(tensor, blocksize=100000) - - def test_blocksize_validation_not_power_of_2(self): - """Test that non-power-of-2 blocksize raises error.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_4bit - - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="power of 2"): - quantize_4bit(tensor, blocksize=63) - - def test_blockwise_blocksize_validation(self): - """Test blocksize validation in quantize_blockwise.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_blockwise - - tensor = torch.randn(1024, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="blocksize must be positive"): - quantize_blockwise(tensor, blocksize=-1) - - def test_quant_type_validation(self): - """Test that invalid quant_type raises error.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_4bit - - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="quant_type must be"): - quantize_4bit(tensor, quant_type="invalid") - - -class TestFP8Vectorized: - """Tests for vectorized FP8 implementation.""" - - def test_fp8_vectorized_basic(self): - """Test vectorized FP8 produces valid output.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp8_e4m3, dequantize_fp8_e4m3 - - tensor = torch.randn(64, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - quantized, scales = quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor) - reconstructed = dequantize_fp8_e4m3(quantized, scales) - - assert quantized.shape == tensor.shape - assert not torch.isnan(reconstructed).any() - - def test_fp8_vectorized_zeros(self): - """Test FP8 handles zeros correctly.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp8_e4m3, dequantize_fp8_e4m3 - - tensor = torch.zeros(16, 32, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - quantized, scales = quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor) - reconstructed = dequantize_fp8_e4m3(quantized, scales) - - assert torch.allclose(reconstructed, tensor, atol=1e-6) - - def test_fp8_vectorized_large_values(self): - """Test FP8 handles large values (clamped to 448).""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp8_e4m3, dequantize_fp8_e4m3 - - # Values larger than 448 should be clamped - tensor = torch.full((8, 16), 1000.0, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - quantized, scales = quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor) - reconstructed = dequantize_fp8_e4m3(quantized, scales) - - # After normalization and reconstruction, values should be reasonable - assert not torch.isinf(reconstructed).any() - assert not torch.isnan(reconstructed).any() - - def test_fp8_vectorized_accuracy(self): - """Test vectorized FP8 has good accuracy.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_fp8_e4m3, dequantize_fp8_e4m3 - - torch.manual_seed(42) - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - quantized, scales = quantize_fp8_e4m3(tensor) - reconstructed = dequantize_fp8_e4m3(quantized, scales) - - # FP8 should have high cosine similarity - cosine_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity( - tensor.float().flatten().unsqueeze(0), - reconstructed.float().flatten().unsqueeze(0) - ).item() - assert cosine_sim > 0.95, f"FP8 vectorized cosine sim {cosine_sim} too low" - - -class TestLinear4bitDeviceHandling: - """Tests for Linear4bit device handling.""" - - def test_load_state_dict_device_mismatch(self): - """Test loading state dict from different device.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit - - # Create layer on MPS - linear = torch.nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to('mps') - l4 = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear) - - # Save state dict - state_dict = l4.state_dict() - - # Move tensors to CPU (simulating loading from CPU checkpoint) - # Handle both tensor and dict values (quant_state is a dict) - def move_to_cpu(v): - if isinstance(v, torch.Tensor): - return v.cpu() - elif isinstance(v, dict): - return {k2: move_to_cpu(v2) for k2, v2 in v.items()} - return v - - cpu_state_dict = {k: move_to_cpu(v) for k, v in state_dict.items()} - - # Create new layer on MPS and load CPU state dict - linear2 = torch.nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to('mps') - l4_new = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear2) - l4_new.load_state_dict(cpu_state_dict) - - # Verify weights are on MPS - assert l4_new.weight.device.type == 'mps' - - # Verify forward works - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - output = l4_new(x) - assert output.device.type == 'mps' - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - pytest.main([__file__, '-v']) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_fused_nf4.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_fused_nf4.py deleted file mode 100644 index 3e44497..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_fused_nf4.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,127 +0,0 @@ -"""Test fused NF4 matmul kernel.""" -import torch -import time - -def test_fused_nf4_matmul(): - """Test that fused NF4 matmul works and is faster than Python fallback.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes.functional import quantize_4bit, matmul_4bit, dequantize_4bit - - device = "mps" - M, K, N = 128, 4096, 4096 # Typical LLM dimensions - - # Create random weights and input - weight = torch.randn(N, K, dtype=torch.float16, device=device) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, dtype=torch.float16, device=device) - - # Quantize weights - weight_packed, quant_state = quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=64, quant_type="nf4") - - # Test correctness: compare fused vs dequantize+matmul - # Fused path - output_fused = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, quant_state) - - # Reference: manual dequantize + matmul - weight_dequant = dequantize_4bit(weight_packed, quant_state) - output_ref = torch.nn.functional.linear(input_tensor.to(weight_dequant.dtype), weight_dequant) - - # Check correctness - torch.mps.synchronize() - max_diff = (output_fused - output_ref).abs().max().item() - print(f"Max diff (fused vs reference): {max_diff:.6f}") - assert max_diff < 0.1, f"Fused kernel output differs too much: {max_diff}" - - # Benchmark - warmup = 5 - iters = 20 - - # Warmup - for _ in range(warmup): - _ = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, quant_state) - torch.mps.synchronize() - - # Benchmark fused - start = time.perf_counter() - for _ in range(iters): - _ = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, quant_state) - torch.mps.synchronize() - fused_time = (time.perf_counter() - start) / iters * 1000 - - # Benchmark dequantize + matmul (Python fallback style) - for _ in range(warmup): - w = dequantize_4bit(weight_packed, quant_state) - _ = torch.nn.functional.linear(input_tensor.to(w.dtype), w) - torch.mps.synchronize() - - start = time.perf_counter() - for _ in range(iters): - w = dequantize_4bit(weight_packed, quant_state) - _ = torch.nn.functional.linear(input_tensor.to(w.dtype), w) - torch.mps.synchronize() - unfused_time = (time.perf_counter() - start) / iters * 1000 - - print(f"\n=== NF4 MatMul Benchmark (M={M}, K={K}, N={N}) ===") - print(f"Fused kernel: {fused_time:.2f} ms") - print(f"Dequant+matmul: {unfused_time:.2f} ms") - print(f"Speedup: {unfused_time/fused_time:.2f}x") - - print("\n✓ Fused NF4 matmul test passed!") - - -def test_fused_fp4_matmul(): - """Test FP4 fused matmul.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes.functional import quantize_4bit, matmul_4bit - - device = "mps" - M, K, N = 64, 2048, 2048 - - weight = torch.randn(N, K, dtype=torch.float16, device=device) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, dtype=torch.float16, device=device) - - weight_packed, quant_state = quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=64, quant_type="fp4") - output = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, quant_state) - - assert output.shape == (M, N) - print(f"✓ FP4 fused matmul: output shape {output.shape}") - - -def test_batched_input(): - """Test fused kernel with batched input.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes.functional import quantize_4bit, matmul_4bit - - device = "mps" - B, S, K, N = 2, 128, 1024, 1024 - - weight = torch.randn(N, K, dtype=torch.float16, device=device) - input_tensor = torch.randn(B, S, K, dtype=torch.float16, device=device) - - weight_packed, quant_state = quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=64, quant_type="nf4") - output = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, quant_state) - - assert output.shape == (B, S, N) - print(f"✓ Batched input: {input_tensor.shape} -> {output.shape}") - - -def test_with_bias(): - """Test fused kernel with bias.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes.functional import quantize_4bit, matmul_4bit - - device = "mps" - M, K, N = 32, 512, 512 - - weight = torch.randn(N, K, dtype=torch.float16, device=device) - bias = torch.randn(N, dtype=torch.float16, device=device) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, dtype=torch.float16, device=device) - - weight_packed, quant_state = quantize_4bit(weight, blocksize=64, quant_type="nf4") - output = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, quant_state, bias=bias) - - assert output.shape == (M, N) - print(f"✓ With bias: output shape {output.shape}") - - -if __name__ == "__main__": - test_fused_nf4_matmul() - test_fused_fp4_matmul() - test_batched_input() - test_with_bias() - print("\n=== All fused NF4 tests passed! ===") diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_hf_compat.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_hf_compat.py deleted file mode 100644 index 744ad65..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_hf_compat.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,304 +0,0 @@ -""" -Tests for HuggingFace transformers compatibility - -Run with: pytest tests/test_hf_compat.py -v -""" - -import pytest -import torch -import torch.nn as nn - -# Skip all tests if not on macOS with MPS -pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif( - not torch.backends.mps.is_available(), - reason="MPS not available" -) - - -class TestBitsAndBytesConfig: - """Tests for BitsAndBytesConfig.""" - - def test_config_creation_4bit(self): - """Test creating 4-bit config.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig - - config = BitsAndBytesConfig( - load_in_4bit=True, - bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4", - bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16, - ) - - assert config.load_in_4bit is True - assert config.load_in_8bit is False - assert config.bnb_4bit_quant_type == "nf4" - assert config.is_quantizable is True - assert config.quantization_method == 'bitsandbytes_4bit' - - def test_config_creation_8bit(self): - """Test creating 8-bit config.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig - - config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_8bit=True) - - assert config.load_in_8bit is True - assert config.load_in_4bit is False - assert config.quantization_method == 'bitsandbytes_8bit' - - def test_config_invalid(self): - """Test that invalid config raises error.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig - - # Can't have both 4-bit and 8-bit - with pytest.raises(ValueError): - BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True, load_in_8bit=True) - - # Invalid quant type - with pytest.raises(ValueError): - BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True, bnb_4bit_quant_type="invalid") - - def test_config_to_dict(self): - """Test config serialization.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig - - config = BitsAndBytesConfig( - load_in_4bit=True, - bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4", - ) - - d = config.to_dict() - assert d['load_in_4bit'] is True - assert d['bnb_4bit_quant_type'] == 'nf4' - - def test_config_from_dict(self): - """Test config deserialization.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig - - d = { - 'load_in_4bit': True, - 'bnb_4bit_quant_type': 'nf4', - 'bnb_4bit_compute_dtype': 'torch.float16', - } - - config = BitsAndBytesConfig.from_dict(d) - assert config.load_in_4bit is True - assert config.bnb_4bit_compute_dtype == torch.float16 - - -class TestQuantizeModel: - """Tests for model quantization.""" - - def test_quantize_model_4bit(self): - """Test quantizing a model to 4-bit.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model, Linear4bit - - class SimpleModel(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.fc1 = nn.Linear(128, 64) - self.fc2 = nn.Linear(64, 32) - - def forward(self, x): - return self.fc2(torch.relu(self.fc1(x))) - - model = SimpleModel().half().to('mps') - config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True) - - quantized_model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config) - - # Check layers were replaced - assert isinstance(quantized_model.fc1, Linear4bit) - assert isinstance(quantized_model.fc2, Linear4bit) - - def test_quantize_model_8bit(self): - """Test quantizing a model to 8-bit.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model, Linear8bit - - class SimpleModel(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.fc = nn.Linear(64, 32) - - def forward(self, x): - return self.fc(x) - - model = SimpleModel().half().to('mps') - config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_8bit=True) - - quantized_model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config) - - assert isinstance(quantized_model.fc, Linear8bit) - - def test_quantize_model_skip_modules(self): - """Test skipping certain modules during quantization.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model, Linear4bit - - class ModelWithLMHead(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.encoder = nn.Linear(128, 64) - self.lm_head = nn.Linear(64, 1000) # Should skip this - - def forward(self, x): - return self.lm_head(self.encoder(x)) - - model = ModelWithLMHead().half().to('mps') - config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True) - - quantized_model = quantize_model( - model, - quantization_config=config, - modules_to_not_convert=['lm_head'] - ) - - assert isinstance(quantized_model.encoder, Linear4bit) - assert isinstance(quantized_model.lm_head, nn.Linear) # Not quantized - - def test_quantize_nested_model(self): - """Test quantizing a model with nested modules.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model, Linear4bit - - class Block(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.fc1 = nn.Linear(64, 64) - self.fc2 = nn.Linear(64, 64) - - def forward(self, x): - return self.fc2(torch.relu(self.fc1(x))) - - class NestedModel(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.embed = nn.Linear(128, 64) - self.blocks = nn.ModuleList([Block() for _ in range(3)]) - self.head = nn.Linear(64, 10) - - def forward(self, x): - x = self.embed(x) - for block in self.blocks: - x = block(x) - return self.head(x) - - model = NestedModel().half().to('mps') - config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True) - - quantized_model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config) - - # Check nested modules were quantized - assert isinstance(quantized_model.embed, Linear4bit) - assert isinstance(quantized_model.head, Linear4bit) - for block in quantized_model.blocks: - assert isinstance(block.fc1, Linear4bit) - assert isinstance(block.fc2, Linear4bit) - - -class TestQuantizedModelInference: - """Tests for inference with quantized models.""" - - def test_quantized_model_forward(self): - """Test forward pass on quantized model.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model - - class SimpleModel(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.fc1 = nn.Linear(64, 32) - self.fc2 = nn.Linear(32, 16) - - def forward(self, x): - return self.fc2(torch.relu(self.fc1(x))) - - model = SimpleModel().half().to('mps') - config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True) - quantized_model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config) - - # Forward pass - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - output = quantized_model(x) - - assert output.shape == (8, 16) - assert not torch.isnan(output).any() - - def test_quantized_vs_original_accuracy(self): - """Test quantized model accuracy vs original.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model - - class SimpleModel(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.fc1 = nn.Linear(128, 64) - self.fc2 = nn.Linear(64, 32) - - def forward(self, x): - return self.fc2(torch.relu(self.fc1(x))) - - # Create and initialize - torch.manual_seed(42) - model = SimpleModel().half().to('mps') - - # Clone weights before quantization - fc1_weight = model.fc1.weight.clone() - fc2_weight = model.fc2.weight.clone() - - config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True) - quantized_model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config) - - # Test input - x = torch.randn(16, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # Reference output (using original weights) - ref_model = SimpleModel().half().to('mps') - ref_model.fc1.weight.data = fc1_weight - ref_model.fc2.weight.data = fc2_weight - ref_output = ref_model(x) - - # Quantized output - quant_output = quantized_model(x) - - # Check relative error - error = (ref_output.float() - quant_output.float()).abs() - relative_error = error / (ref_output.float().abs() + 1e-8) - mean_relative_error = relative_error.mean().item() - - # Use cosine similarity for accuracy check (relative error is misleading for small values) - ref_flat = ref_output.float().flatten() - quant_flat = quant_output.float().flatten() - cosine_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity(ref_flat.unsqueeze(0), quant_flat.unsqueeze(0)).item() - print(f"Quantized model cosine similarity: {cosine_sim:.4f}") - assert cosine_sim > 0.8 # Allow some deviation due to quantization - - -class TestGetMemoryFootprint: - """Tests for memory footprint calculation.""" - - def test_memory_footprint_reduction(self): - """Test that quantization reduces memory footprint.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import BitsAndBytesConfig, quantize_model, get_memory_footprint - - class LargeModel(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.fc1 = nn.Linear(1024, 2048) - self.fc2 = nn.Linear(2048, 1024) - - def forward(self, x): - return self.fc2(torch.relu(self.fc1(x))) - - model = LargeModel().half().to('mps') - original_footprint = get_memory_footprint(model) - - config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_4bit=True) - quantized_model = quantize_model(model, quantization_config=config) - quantized_footprint = get_memory_footprint(quantized_model) - - print(f"Original: {original_footprint['actual_size_gb']*1000:.2f} MB") - print(f"Quantized: {quantized_footprint['actual_size_gb']*1000:.2f} MB") - print(f"Savings: {quantized_footprint['savings_pct']:.1f}%") - - # Should have significant savings (actual savings depend on overhead from absmax storage) - assert quantized_footprint['actual_size_gb'] < original_footprint['actual_size_gb'] - assert quantized_footprint['savings_pct'] > 40 # At least 40% savings - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - pytest.main([__file__, '-v']) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_int8.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_int8.py deleted file mode 100644 index 1899dc7..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_int8.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,169 +0,0 @@ -""" -Tests for INT8 (8-bit) quantization - -Run with: pytest tests/test_int8.py -v -""" - -import pytest -import torch - -# Skip all tests if not on macOS with MPS -pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif( - not torch.backends.mps.is_available(), - reason="MPS not available" -) - - -class TestInt8Quantization: - """Tests for INT8 quantize/dequantize operations.""" - - def test_quantize_rowwise(self): - """Test row-wise INT8 quantization.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_rowwise - - tensor = torch.randn(64, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - quantized, scales = quantize_rowwise(tensor) - - assert quantized.shape == tensor.shape - assert quantized.dtype == torch.int8 - assert scales.shape == (64,) - - def test_dequantize_rowwise(self): - """Test row-wise INT8 dequantization.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_rowwise, dequantize_rowwise - - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - quantized, scales = quantize_rowwise(tensor) - reconstructed = dequantize_rowwise(quantized, scales, dtype=torch.float16) - - assert reconstructed.shape == tensor.shape - assert reconstructed.dtype == torch.float16 - - # Check reconstruction error (should be small for int8) - error = (tensor.float() - reconstructed.float()).abs() - relative_error = error / (tensor.float().abs() + 1e-8) - mean_relative_error = relative_error.mean().item() - - print(f"INT8 mean relative error: {mean_relative_error:.4f}") - assert mean_relative_error < 0.05, f"INT8 error too high: {mean_relative_error}" - - def test_quantize_preserves_sign(self): - """Test that quantization preserves sign.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_rowwise, dequantize_rowwise - - tensor = torch.tensor([[-1.0, 0.0, 1.0], [-0.5, 0.5, 0.0]], device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - quantized, scales = quantize_rowwise(tensor) - reconstructed = dequantize_rowwise(quantized, scales) - - # Signs should match - original_signs = torch.sign(tensor) - reconstructed_signs = torch.sign(reconstructed) - - # Zero might have different sign representation, so only check non-zeros - non_zero = tensor.abs() > 0.1 - assert torch.all(original_signs[non_zero] == reconstructed_signs[non_zero]) - - -class TestLinear8bit: - """Tests for Linear8bit module.""" - - def test_linear8bit_creation(self): - """Test Linear8bit creation.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear8bit - - layer = Linear8bit(128, 64, device='mps') - - assert layer.in_features == 128 - assert layer.out_features == 64 - assert layer.weight_int8.shape == (64, 128) - assert layer.weight_int8.dtype == torch.int8 - - def test_linear8bit_from_linear(self): - """Test converting nn.Linear to Linear8bit.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear8bit - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(256, 128).half().to('mps') - linear_8bit = Linear8bit.from_linear(linear) - - assert linear_8bit.in_features == 256 - assert linear_8bit.out_features == 128 - - def test_linear8bit_forward(self): - """Test Linear8bit forward pass.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear8bit - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(128, 64).half().to('mps') - linear_8bit = Linear8bit.from_linear(linear) - - x = torch.randn(16, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - output = linear_8bit(x) - - assert output.shape == (16, 64) - - def test_linear8bit_accuracy(self): - """Test Linear8bit accuracy vs nn.Linear.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear8bit - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(256, 128).half().to('mps') - linear_8bit = Linear8bit.from_linear(linear) - - x = torch.randn(32, 256, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - reference = linear(x) - quantized = linear_8bit(x) - - error = (reference.float() - quantized.float()).abs() - relative_error = error / (reference.float().abs() + 1e-8) - mean_relative_error = relative_error.mean().item() - - print(f"Linear8bit mean relative error: {mean_relative_error:.4f}") - assert mean_relative_error < 0.1 # INT8 is accurate but not perfect - - def test_linear8bit_cache(self): - """Test Linear8bit weight caching.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear8bit - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(128, 64).half().to('mps') - linear_8bit = Linear8bit.from_linear(linear, use_cache=True) - - x = torch.randn(16, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # First forward (populates cache) - output1 = linear_8bit(x) - - # Check cache exists - assert linear_8bit._weight_cache is not None - - # Second forward (uses cache) - output2 = linear_8bit(x) - - assert torch.allclose(output1, output2) - - # Clear cache - linear_8bit.clear_cache() - assert linear_8bit._weight_cache is None - - -class TestInt8Matmul: - """Tests for INT8 matrix multiplication.""" - - def test_matmul_int8(self): - """Test INT8 matmul.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_rowwise, matmul_int8 - - M, K, N = 32, 64, 48 - - A = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - B = torch.randn(K, N, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - A_int8, A_scales = quantize_rowwise(A) - B_int8, B_scales = quantize_rowwise(B.T) # Quantize transposed - B_int8 = B_int8.T.contiguous() # Restore layout - - output = matmul_int8(A_int8, B_int8, A_scales, B_scales) - - assert output.shape == (M, N) - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - pytest.main([__file__, '-v']) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_nf4.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_nf4.py deleted file mode 100644 index f5490ed..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_nf4.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,360 +0,0 @@ -""" -Tests for NF4 (4-bit) quantization - -Run with: pytest tests/test_nf4.py -v -""" - -import pytest -import torch -import sys - -# Skip all tests if not on macOS with MPS -pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif( - not torch.backends.mps.is_available(), - reason="MPS not available" -) - - -class TestNF4Quantization: - """Tests for NF4 quantize/dequantize operations.""" - - def test_quantize_basic(self): - """Test basic NF4 quantization.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, QuantState - - # Create test tensor - weight = torch.randn(128, 256, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # Quantize - packed, state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64) - - # Check types - assert packed.dtype == torch.uint8 - assert isinstance(state, QuantState) - assert state.quant_type == "nf4" - assert state.blocksize == 64 - assert state.shape == weight.shape - - def test_quantize_dequantize_roundtrip(self): - """Test that quantize -> dequantize preserves values reasonably.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4 - - # Create normally distributed weights (NF4 is optimized for this) - weight = torch.randn(64, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # Quantize and dequantize - packed, state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64) - reconstructed = dequantize_nf4(packed, state) - - # Check shape preserved - assert reconstructed.shape == weight.shape - - # For 4-bit quantization, use mean absolute error relative to standard deviation - # NF4 achieves ~0.1 normalized MSE on normal distributions - mae = (weight.float() - reconstructed.float()).abs().mean().item() - weight_std = weight.float().std().item() - normalized_mae = mae / weight_std - - print(f"Normalized MAE: {normalized_mae:.4f} (MAE={mae:.4f}, std={weight_std:.4f})") - # 4-bit quantization typically has ~10% normalized MAE - assert normalized_mae < 0.25, f"Reconstruction error too high: {normalized_mae}" - - def test_quantize_different_block_sizes(self): - """Test quantization with different block sizes.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4 - - weight = torch.randn(32, 256, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - for blocksize in [32, 64, 128]: - packed, state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=blocksize) - - assert state.blocksize == blocksize - - # Verify roundtrip - reconstructed = dequantize_nf4(packed, state) - assert reconstructed.shape == weight.shape - - def test_quantize_preserves_zeros(self): - """Test that zero values are preserved.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4 - - weight = torch.zeros(16, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - packed, state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64) - reconstructed = dequantize_nf4(packed, state) - - assert torch.allclose(reconstructed, weight, atol=1e-6) - - def test_quantize_large_values(self): - """Test that large values are handled correctly.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, dequantize_nf4 - - # Large uniform values - weight = torch.ones(16, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) * 100.0 - packed, state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64) - reconstructed = dequantize_nf4(packed, state) - - # Should reconstruct to approximately the same value - error = (weight - reconstructed).abs().mean().item() - relative_error = error / 100.0 - assert relative_error < 0.1, f"Large value error: {relative_error}" - - -class TestNF4Matmul: - """Tests for NF4 matrix multiplication.""" - - def test_matmul_basic(self): - """Test basic NF4 matmul.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, matmul_4bit - - # Create weight and quantize - M, N, K = 32, 64, 128 - weight = torch.randn(N, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - weight_packed, weight_state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64) - - # NF4 matmul - output = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state) - - assert output.shape == (M, N), f"Expected ({M}, {N}), got {output.shape}" - assert output.dtype == torch.float16 - - def test_matmul_with_bias(self): - """Test NF4 matmul with bias.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, matmul_4bit - - M, N, K = 16, 32, 64 - weight = torch.randn(N, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - bias = torch.randn(N, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - weight_packed, weight_state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64) - - output = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state, bias=bias) - - assert output.shape == (M, N) - - def test_matmul_accuracy(self): - """Test NF4 matmul accuracy vs FP16 reference.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, matmul_4bit - - M, N, K = 32, 64, 128 - weight = torch.randn(N, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - # Reference FP16 result - reference = input_tensor @ weight.T - - # NF4 result - weight_packed, weight_state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64) - nf4_output = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state) - - # Use cosine similarity for overall direction preservation - ref_flat = reference.float().flatten() - nf4_flat = nf4_output.float().flatten() - cosine_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity(ref_flat.unsqueeze(0), nf4_flat.unsqueeze(0)).item() - - # Also check correlation - corr = torch.corrcoef(torch.stack([ref_flat, nf4_flat]))[0, 1].item() - - print(f"Matmul cosine similarity: {cosine_sim:.4f}, correlation: {corr:.4f}") - # NF4 matmul should preserve the general direction well - assert cosine_sim > 0.9, f"Cosine similarity too low: {cosine_sim}" - assert corr > 0.9, f"Correlation too low: {corr}" - - def test_matmul_large_matrices(self): - """Test NF4 matmul with larger matrices (triggers tiled kernel).""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_nf4, matmul_4bit - - # Large enough to trigger tiled kernel (M >= 32, N >= 32, K >= 64) - M, N, K = 128, 256, 512 - weight = torch.randn(N, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - input_tensor = torch.randn(M, K, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - weight_packed, weight_state = quantize_nf4(weight, blocksize=64) - output = matmul_4bit(input_tensor, weight_packed, weight_state) - - assert output.shape == (M, N) - - # Basic sanity check - assert not torch.isnan(output).any(), "NaN in output" - assert not torch.isinf(output).any(), "Inf in output" - - -class TestLinear4bit: - """Tests for Linear4bit module.""" - - def test_linear4bit_creation(self): - """Test Linear4bit creation.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit - - layer = Linear4bit(128, 64, device='mps') - - assert layer.in_features == 128 - assert layer.out_features == 64 - - def test_linear4bit_from_linear(self): - """Test converting nn.Linear to Linear4bit.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit - - # Create and initialize linear - linear = torch.nn.Linear(256, 128).half().to('mps') - torch.nn.init.normal_(linear.weight) - - # Convert to 4-bit - linear_4bit = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear) - - assert linear_4bit.in_features == 256 - assert linear_4bit.out_features == 128 - assert linear_4bit.weight_quant_state is not None - - def test_linear4bit_forward(self): - """Test Linear4bit forward pass.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(128, 64).half().to('mps') - linear_4bit = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear) - - # Forward pass - x = torch.randn(16, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - output = linear_4bit(x) - - assert output.shape == (16, 64) - assert output.dtype == torch.float16 - - def test_linear4bit_vs_linear_accuracy(self): - """Test Linear4bit accuracy vs nn.Linear.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(256, 128).half().to('mps') - torch.nn.init.normal_(linear.weight) - linear_4bit = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear) - - x = torch.randn(32, 256, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - - reference = linear(x) - quantized = linear_4bit(x) - - # Use cosine similarity for overall direction preservation - ref_flat = reference.float().flatten() - quant_flat = quantized.float().flatten() - cosine_sim = torch.nn.functional.cosine_similarity(ref_flat.unsqueeze(0), quant_flat.unsqueeze(0)).item() - - print(f"Linear4bit cosine similarity: {cosine_sim:.4f}") - # 4-bit quantization should preserve the general output direction - assert cosine_sim > 0.85, f"Cosine similarity too low: {cosine_sim}" - - def test_linear4bit_batched(self): - """Test Linear4bit with batched input.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit - - linear = torch.nn.Linear(64, 32).half().to('mps') - linear_4bit = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear) - - # Batched input [batch, seq_len, features] - x = torch.randn(4, 16, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - output = linear_4bit(x) - - assert output.shape == (4, 16, 32) - - def test_linear4bit_memory_savings(self): - """Test that Linear4bit actually saves memory.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit, get_memory_footprint - - in_f, out_f = 4096, 4096 - - # FP16 linear - linear = torch.nn.Linear(in_f, out_f).half().to('mps') - - # 4-bit linear - linear_4bit = Linear4bit.from_linear(linear) - - # Calculate memory - fp16_bytes = out_f * in_f * 2 # fp16 = 2 bytes - nf4_bytes = linear_4bit.weight.numel() * 1 # uint8 = 1 byte (packed) - - expected_ratio = nf4_bytes / fp16_bytes - print(f"Expected memory ratio: {expected_ratio:.2f}x (should be ~0.25)") - - assert expected_ratio < 0.3, "Memory savings not achieved" - - -class TestMemoryFootprint: - """Tests for memory footprint calculation.""" - - def test_memory_footprint(self): - """Test memory footprint calculation.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import Linear4bit, get_memory_footprint - import torch.nn as nn - - class SimpleModel(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.fc1 = nn.Linear(1024, 512) - self.fc2 = nn.Linear(512, 256) - - def forward(self, x): - return self.fc2(torch.relu(self.fc1(x))) - - model = SimpleModel().half().to('mps') - footprint_fp16 = get_memory_footprint(model) - - # Quantize - model.fc1 = Linear4bit.from_linear(model.fc1) - model.fc2 = Linear4bit.from_linear(model.fc2) - - footprint_4bit = get_memory_footprint(model) - - print(f"FP16 size: {footprint_fp16['actual_size_gb']*1000:.2f} MB") - print(f"4-bit size: {footprint_4bit['actual_size_gb']*1000:.2f} MB") - print(f"Savings: {footprint_4bit['savings_pct']:.1f}%") - - # Should have significant savings - assert footprint_4bit['actual_size_gb'] < footprint_fp16['actual_size_gb'] - - -class TestQuantState: - """Tests for QuantState class.""" - - def test_quantstate_creation(self): - """Test QuantState creation and attributes.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_4bit, QuantState - - tensor = torch.randn(64, 128, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - packed, state = quantize_4bit(tensor, blocksize=64, quant_type='nf4') - - assert isinstance(state, QuantState) - assert state.shape == (64, 128) - assert state.blocksize == 64 - assert state.quant_type == 'nf4' - assert state.dtype == torch.float16 - assert state.absmax is not None - - def test_quantstate_to_device(self): - """Test QuantState.to() method.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_4bit - - tensor = torch.randn(32, 64, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - packed, state = quantize_4bit(tensor, blocksize=64) - - # Move to CPU - state_cpu = state.to('cpu') - assert state_cpu.absmax.device.type == 'cpu' - - def test_quantstate_compress_statistics(self): - """Test double quantization via compress_statistics.""" - from mps_bitsandbytes import quantize_4bit, dequantize_4bit - - tensor = torch.randn(128, 256, device='mps', dtype=torch.float16) - packed, state = quantize_4bit(tensor, blocksize=64, compress_statistics=True) - - # Should have nested state - assert state.state2 is not None - - # Should still dequantize correctly - reconstructed = dequantize_4bit(packed, state) - assert reconstructed.shape == tensor.shape - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - pytest.main([__file__, '-v']) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_optimizers.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_optimizers.py deleted file mode 100644 index 547c58c..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_optimizers.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,430 +0,0 @@ -""" -Tests for 8-bit and paged optimizers. -""" - -import pytest -import torch -import torch.nn as nn - -from mps_bitsandbytes.optim import ( - Adam8bit, AdamW8bit, Lion8bit, SGD8bit, - PagedAdam, PagedAdamW, PagedLion, - quantize_state, dequantize_state, -) - - -@pytest.fixture -def device(): - return 'mps' if torch.backends.mps.is_available() else 'cpu' - - -class SimpleModel(nn.Module): - def __init__(self): - super().__init__() - self.fc1 = nn.Linear(64, 32) - self.fc2 = nn.Linear(32, 16) - - def forward(self, x): - return self.fc2(torch.relu(self.fc1(x))) - - -class TestQuantizeState: - def test_roundtrip(self, device): - """Test quantize/dequantize roundtrip.""" - state = torch.randn(1000, device=device) - block_size = 256 - - int8, absmax = quantize_state(state, block_size) - recovered = dequantize_state(int8, absmax, block_size, state.dtype) - - # Should be close (within quantization error) - assert recovered.shape == state.shape - assert torch.allclose(state, recovered, atol=0.05, rtol=0.05) - - def test_preserves_shape(self, device): - """Test various shapes are preserved.""" - shapes = [(100,), (32, 64), (8, 16, 32)] - - for shape in shapes: - state = torch.randn(*shape, device=device) - int8, absmax = quantize_state(state, 64) - recovered = dequantize_state(int8, absmax, 64, state.dtype) - assert recovered.shape == shape - - -class TestAdam8bit: - def test_step(self, device): - """Test basic optimization step.""" - model = SimpleModel().to(device) - optimizer = Adam8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(8, 16, device=device) - - for _ in range(5): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - # Check state was created - for p in model.parameters(): - if p.grad is not None: - state = optimizer.state[p] - assert 'exp_avg_int8' in state - assert 'exp_avg_sq_uint8' in state # unsigned for better precision - - def test_converges(self, device): - """Test optimizer converges on simple problem.""" - model = SimpleModel().to(device) - optimizer = Adam8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-2) - - x = torch.randn(32, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(32, 16, device=device) - - initial_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(50): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - final_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - assert final_loss < initial_loss * 0.5 - - -class TestAdamW8bit: - def test_weight_decay(self, device): - """Test decoupled weight decay is applied and optimizer converges.""" - model = SimpleModel().to(device) - - optimizer = AdamW8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-2, weight_decay=0.1) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(8, 16, device=device) - - initial_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(100): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - final_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - # Optimizer should reduce loss - assert final_loss < initial_loss * 0.5 - - -class TestLion8bit: - def test_step(self, device): - """Test Lion optimization step.""" - model = SimpleModel().to(device) - optimizer = Lion8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(8, 16, device=device) - - initial_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(50): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - final_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - assert final_loss < initial_loss - - def test_only_one_momentum(self, device): - """Test Lion only stores one momentum state.""" - model = SimpleModel().to(device) - optimizer = Lion8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(8, 16, device=device) - - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - for p in model.parameters(): - if p.grad is not None: - state = optimizer.state[p] - assert 'exp_avg_int8' in state - assert 'exp_avg_sq_int8' not in state # Lion doesn't have this - - -class TestSGD8bit: - def test_step(self, device): - """Test SGD with momentum.""" - model = SimpleModel().to(device) - optimizer = SGD8bit(model.parameters(), lr=0.1, momentum=0.9) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(8, 16, device=device) - - initial_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(50): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - final_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - assert final_loss < initial_loss - - -class TestPagedAdamW: - def test_states_on_cpu(self, device): - """Test optimizer states are stored on CPU.""" - if device == 'cpu': - pytest.skip("Paged optimizers only make sense for GPU") - - model = SimpleModel().to(device) - optimizer = PagedAdamW(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3, page_to_cpu=True) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(8, 16, device=device) - - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - # States should be on CPU - for p in model.parameters(): - if p.grad is not None: - state = optimizer.state[p] - assert state['exp_avg'].device.type == 'cpu' - assert state['exp_avg_sq'].device.type == 'cpu' - - def test_converges(self, device): - """Test paged optimizer converges.""" - model = SimpleModel().to(device) - optimizer = PagedAdamW(model.parameters(), lr=1e-2) - - x = torch.randn(32, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(32, 16, device=device) - - initial_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(100): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - final_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - assert final_loss < initial_loss * 0.5 - - -class TestPagedLion: - def test_step(self, device): - """Test PagedLion optimization.""" - model = SimpleModel().to(device) - optimizer = PagedLion(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(8, 16, device=device) - - for _ in range(10): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - -class TestNativeVsFallbackOptimizers: - """Test that native Metal optimizer kernels match Python fallback.""" - - def _run_optimizer_steps(self, optimizer_cls, device, n_steps=10, **opt_kwargs): - """Run optimizer for n_steps and return final param values.""" - torch.manual_seed(42) - model = SimpleModel().half().to(device) - optimizer = optimizer_cls(model.parameters(), **opt_kwargs) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - y = torch.randn(8, 16, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - for _ in range(n_steps): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - return {name: p.data.clone() for name, p in model.named_parameters()} - - def test_native_adam8bit_converges(self, device): - """Test Adam8bit with native kernel converges.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - model = SimpleModel().half().to(device) - optimizer = Adam8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-2) - - x = torch.randn(32, 64, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - y = torch.randn(32, 16, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - initial_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(50): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - final_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - assert final_loss < initial_loss * 0.5, f"Loss didn't decrease enough: {initial_loss} -> {final_loss}" - - def test_native_adamw8bit_converges(self, device): - """Test AdamW8bit with native kernel converges.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - model = SimpleModel().half().to(device) - optimizer = AdamW8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-2, weight_decay=0.01) - - x = torch.randn(32, 64, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - y = torch.randn(32, 16, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - initial_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(50): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - final_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - assert final_loss < initial_loss * 0.5 - - def test_native_lion8bit_converges(self, device): - """Test Lion8bit with native kernel converges.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - model = SimpleModel().half().to(device) - optimizer = Lion8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) - - x = torch.randn(32, 64, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - y = torch.randn(32, 16, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - initial_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(100): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - final_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - assert final_loss < initial_loss - - def test_native_sgd8bit_converges(self, device): - """Test SGD8bit with native kernel converges.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - model = SimpleModel().half().to(device) - optimizer = SGD8bit(model.parameters(), lr=0.01, momentum=0.9) - - x = torch.randn(32, 64, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - y = torch.randn(32, 16, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - initial_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - - for _ in range(50): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - final_loss = ((model(x) - y) ** 2).mean().item() - assert final_loss < initial_loss - - def test_large_parameter_adam8bit(self, device): - """Stress test with 1M element parameter.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - param = torch.randn(1000, 1000, device=device, dtype=torch.float16, requires_grad=True) - model = nn.Linear(1000, 1000, bias=False).half().to(device) - optimizer = Adam8bit(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3) - - x = torch.randn(4, 1000, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - for _ in range(5): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = model(x).sum() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - # Verify no NaN/Inf in params - for p in model.parameters(): - assert not torch.isnan(p.data).any(), "NaN in parameters" - assert not torch.isinf(p.data).any(), "Inf in parameters" - - -class TestPagedAsyncCorrectness: - """Test that paged optimizers with async prefetch produce correct results.""" - - def test_paged_async_correctness(self, device): - """Verify paged optimizer results match non-paged version.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Paged optimizers require MPS") - - torch.manual_seed(42) - model1 = SimpleModel().to(device) - model2 = SimpleModel().to(device) - model2.load_state_dict(model1.state_dict()) - - opt1 = PagedAdamW(model1.parameters(), lr=1e-2, page_to_cpu=True) - opt2 = PagedAdamW(model2.parameters(), lr=1e-2, page_to_cpu=False) - - x = torch.randn(8, 64, device=device) - y = torch.randn(8, 16, device=device) - - for _ in range(20): - opt1.zero_grad() - opt2.zero_grad() - loss1 = ((model1(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss2 = ((model2(x) - y) ** 2).mean() - loss1.backward() - loss2.backward() - opt1.step() - opt2.step() - - # Compare final params - for (n1, p1), (n2, p2) in zip(model1.named_parameters(), model2.named_parameters()): - assert torch.allclose(p1, p2, atol=1e-4), \ - f"Param {n1} diverged: max diff {(p1 - p2).abs().max().item()}" - - def test_paged_many_small_params(self, device): - """Test paged optimizer with many small parameters.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Paged optimizers require MPS") - - # Create model with many small params - layers = nn.ModuleList([nn.Linear(16, 16) for _ in range(100)]) - model = nn.Sequential(*layers).to(device) - optimizer = PagedAdamW(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3, page_to_cpu=True) - - x = torch.randn(4, 16, device=device) - - for _ in range(5): - optimizer.zero_grad() - loss = model(x).sum() - loss.backward() - optimizer.step() - - # Verify no NaN - for p in model.parameters(): - assert not torch.isnan(p.data).any() - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - pytest.main([__file__, '-v']) diff --git a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_sparse.py b/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_sparse.py deleted file mode 100644 index 5063f05..0000000 --- a/mps_bitsandbytes-0.7.0/tests/test_sparse.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,314 +0,0 @@ -""" -Tests for sparse matrix operations. -""" - -import pytest -import torch - -from mps_bitsandbytes.functional import ( - spmm_coo, spmm_coo_int8, - sparse_coo_from_dense, quantize_sparse_coo, -) - - -@pytest.fixture -def device(): - return 'mps' if torch.backends.mps.is_available() else 'cpu' - - -class TestSpmmCoo: - def test_basic(self, device): - """Test spmm_coo against known dense matmul result.""" - # 3x4 sparse @ 4x2 dense = 3x2 - sparse_dense = torch.tensor([ - [1.0, 0.0, 2.0, 0.0], - [0.0, 3.0, 0.0, 0.0], - [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 4.0], - ], device=device) - dense = torch.tensor([ - [1.0, 2.0], - [3.0, 4.0], - [5.0, 6.0], - [7.0, 8.0], - ], device=device) - - expected = sparse_dense @ dense - - row_indices, col_indices, values, M, K = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - result = spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense, M, K) - - assert result.shape == expected.shape - assert torch.allclose(result, expected, atol=1e-3), \ - f"Max diff: {(result - expected).abs().max().item()}" - - def test_vs_cpu(self, device): - """Test spmm_coo on MPS matches CPU torch.sparse.mm.""" - M, K, N = 64, 128, 32 - sparsity = 0.9 - - # Create random sparse matrix - sparse_dense = torch.randn(M, K, device=device) - mask = torch.rand(M, K, device=device) > sparsity - sparse_dense = sparse_dense * mask - - dense = torch.randn(K, N, device=device) - - # Dense reference - expected = sparse_dense @ dense - - # COO spmm - row_indices, col_indices, values, rows, cols = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - result = spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense, rows, cols) - - assert torch.allclose(result, expected, atol=1e-3), \ - f"Max diff: {(result - expected).abs().max().item()}" - - def test_empty_rows(self, device): - """Test spmm_coo with rows that have no nonzeros.""" - # Row 1 is all zeros - sparse_dense = torch.tensor([ - [1.0, 0.0, 2.0], - [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], - [0.0, 3.0, 0.0], - ], device=device) - dense = torch.tensor([ - [1.0, 2.0], - [3.0, 4.0], - [5.0, 6.0], - ], device=device) - - expected = sparse_dense @ dense - - row_indices, col_indices, values, M, K = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - result = spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense, M, K) - - assert result.shape == expected.shape - assert torch.allclose(result, expected, atol=1e-3) - # Row 1 should be all zeros - assert torch.allclose(result[1], torch.zeros(2, device=device), atol=1e-3) - - def test_single_nonzero(self, device): - """Test spmm_coo with only one nonzero element.""" - sparse_dense = torch.zeros(4, 4, device=device) - sparse_dense[2, 1] = 5.0 - dense = torch.randn(4, 3, device=device) - - expected = sparse_dense @ dense - - row_indices, col_indices, values, M, K = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - result = spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense, M, K) - - assert torch.allclose(result, expected, atol=1e-3) - - def test_half_precision(self, device): - """Test spmm_coo with float16 tensors.""" - M, K, N = 32, 64, 16 - sparsity = 0.8 - - sparse_dense = torch.randn(M, K, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - mask = torch.rand(M, K, device=device) > sparsity - sparse_dense = sparse_dense * mask - - dense = torch.randn(K, N, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - expected = sparse_dense @ dense - - row_indices, col_indices, values, rows, cols = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - result = spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense, rows, cols) - - assert torch.allclose(result, expected, atol=0.1), \ - f"Max diff: {(result - expected).abs().max().item()}" - - -class TestSpmmCooInt8: - def test_basic(self, device): - """Test spmm_coo_int8 produces reasonable results.""" - M, K, N = 32, 64, 16 - sparsity = 0.8 - - sparse_dense = torch.randn(M, K, device=device) - mask = torch.rand(M, K, device=device) > sparsity - sparse_dense = sparse_dense * mask - - dense = torch.randn(K, N, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - # Reference: float spmm - row_indices, col_indices, values, rows, cols = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - ref_result = spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense.float(), rows, cols) - - # INT8 spmm - row_idx, col_idx, values_int8, scale = quantize_sparse_coo( - row_indices, col_indices, values - ) - int8_result = spmm_coo_int8( - row_idx, col_idx, values_int8, scale, dense, rows, cols - ) - - # Should be reasonably close (int8 quantization introduces some error) - relative_error = (ref_result.half() - int8_result).abs().mean() / ref_result.abs().mean().half() - assert relative_error < 0.15, f"Relative error too high: {relative_error.item()}" - - def test_matches_dequant_spmm(self, device): - """Test INT8 spmm matches manual dequant + float spmm.""" - M, K, N = 16, 32, 8 - - sparse_dense = torch.randn(M, K, device=device) - mask = torch.rand(M, K, device=device) > 0.7 - sparse_dense = sparse_dense * mask - - dense = torch.randn(K, N, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - row_indices, col_indices, values, rows, cols = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - row_idx, col_idx, values_int8, scale = quantize_sparse_coo( - row_indices, col_indices, values - ) - - # Via spmm_coo_int8 - result = spmm_coo_int8(row_idx, col_idx, values_int8, scale, dense, rows, cols) - - # Manual: dequantize then spmm - dequant_values = values_int8.float() * scale.float() - expected = spmm_coo(row_idx, col_idx, dequant_values, dense.float(), rows, cols) - - assert torch.allclose(result.float(), expected.float(), atol=1e-2), \ - f"Max diff: {(result.float() - expected.float()).abs().max().item()}" - - -class TestSparseCooFromDense: - def test_basic(self, device): - """Test conversion from dense to COO.""" - dense = torch.tensor([ - [1.0, 0.0, 2.0], - [0.0, 3.0, 0.0], - ], device=device) - - row_idx, col_idx, values, M, K = sparse_coo_from_dense(dense) - - assert M == 2 - assert K == 3 - assert len(values) == 3 # 3 nonzeros - - # Reconstruct and verify - reconstructed = torch.zeros(M, K, device=device) - reconstructed[row_idx, col_idx] = values - assert torch.allclose(reconstructed, dense) - - def test_with_threshold(self, device): - """Test sparsification with threshold.""" - dense = torch.tensor([ - [0.01, 0.5, -0.02], - [1.0, 0.03, -2.0], - ], device=device) - - row_idx, col_idx, values, M, K = sparse_coo_from_dense(dense, threshold=0.1) - - # Only values with abs >= 0.1 should remain - assert all(v.abs() >= 0.1 for v in values) - assert len(values) == 3 # 0.5, 1.0, -2.0 - - def test_empty(self, device): - """Test conversion of zero tensor.""" - dense = torch.zeros(4, 4, device=device) - row_idx, col_idx, values, M, K = sparse_coo_from_dense(dense) - assert len(values) == 0 - - -class TestQuantizeSparseCoo: - def test_roundtrip(self, device): - """Test quantize/dequantize roundtrip for sparse values.""" - values = torch.randn(100, device=device) - row_idx = torch.randint(0, 10, (100,), device=device) - col_idx = torch.randint(0, 10, (100,), device=device) - - _, _, values_int8, scale = quantize_sparse_coo(row_idx, col_idx, values) - - recovered = values_int8.float() * scale.float() - assert torch.allclose(values, recovered, atol=0.05, rtol=0.05) - - def test_preserves_sign(self, device): - """Test that signs are preserved after quantization.""" - values = torch.tensor([1.0, -1.0, 0.5, -0.5, 0.0], device=device) - row_idx = torch.zeros(5, device=device, dtype=torch.long) - col_idx = torch.arange(5, device=device) - - _, _, values_int8, scale = quantize_sparse_coo(row_idx, col_idx, values) - - recovered = values_int8.float() * scale.float() - # Signs should match (except zero) - for orig, rec in zip(values[values != 0], recovered[values != 0]): - assert (orig > 0) == (rec > 0), f"Sign mismatch: {orig} -> {rec}" - - -class TestNativeVsFallbackSparse: - """Test that native Metal sparse kernels match Python fallback.""" - - def test_native_spmm_coo(self, device): - """Compare native vs fallback spmm_coo.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - M, K, N = 64, 128, 32 - sparsity = 0.85 - - sparse_dense = torch.randn(M, K, device=device) - mask = torch.rand(M, K, device=device) > sparsity - sparse_dense = sparse_dense * mask - - dense = torch.randn(K, N, device=device) - - row_indices, col_indices, values, rows, cols = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - - # Both paths should produce the same result as dense matmul - expected = sparse_dense @ dense - result = spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense, rows, cols) - - assert torch.allclose(result, expected, atol=1e-3), \ - f"Max diff: {(result - expected).abs().max().item()}" - - def test_native_spmm_coo_int8(self, device): - """Compare native vs fallback spmm_coo_int8.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - M, K, N = 32, 64, 16 - sparsity = 0.8 - - sparse_dense = torch.randn(M, K, device=device) - mask = torch.rand(M, K, device=device) > sparsity - sparse_dense = sparse_dense * mask - - dense = torch.randn(K, N, device=device, dtype=torch.float16) - - row_indices, col_indices, values, rows, cols = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - row_idx, col_idx, values_int8, scale = quantize_sparse_coo( - row_indices, col_indices, values - ) - - result = spmm_coo_int8(row_idx, col_idx, values_int8, scale, dense, rows, cols) - - assert not torch.isnan(result).any(), "NaN in result" - assert not torch.isinf(result).any(), "Inf in result" - assert result.shape == (M, N) - - def test_large_sparse(self, device): - """Stress test with large sparse matrix.""" - if device != 'mps': - pytest.skip("Native kernels require MPS") - - M, K, N = 1000, 2000, 256 - sparsity = 0.95 - - sparse_dense = torch.randn(M, K, device=device) - mask = torch.rand(M, K, device=device) > sparsity - sparse_dense = sparse_dense * mask - - dense = torch.randn(K, N, device=device) - - row_indices, col_indices, values, rows, cols = sparse_coo_from_dense(sparse_dense) - result = spmm_coo(row_indices, col_indices, values, dense, rows, cols) - - assert result.shape == (M, N) - assert not torch.isnan(result).any() - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - pytest.main([__file__, '-v']) diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml index bb741af..e2be7c1 100644 --- a/pyproject.toml +++ b/pyproject.toml @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ [build-system] -requires = ["setuptools>=68", "wheel"] -build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta" +requires = ["hatchling"] +build-backend = "hatchling.build" [project] name = "libucks" @@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ version = "0.1.0" requires-python = ">=3.11" dependencies = [ "pydantic>=2.0", - "sentence-transformers>=3.0", - "numpy>=1.26", - "anthropic>=0.40", + "sentence-transformers>=3.0,<4.0; sys_platform == 'darwin' and platform_machine == 'x86_64'", + "sentence-transformers>=3.0; sys_platform != 'darwin' or platform_machine != 'x86_64'", + "numpy>=1.26,<2.0; sys_platform == 'darwin' and platform_machine == 'x86_64'", + "numpy>=1.26; sys_platform != 'darwin' or platform_machine != 'x86_64'", "httpx>=0.27", "pyyaml>=6.0", "tree-sitter>=0.22", @@ -26,10 +27,23 @@ dependencies = [ ] [project.optional-dependencies] +train = [ + "anthropic>=0.40", +] latent = [ - "torch>=2.2", - "transformers>=4.40", - "accelerate>=0.28", + "torch>=2.11.0; sys_platform == 'linux' or (sys_platform == 'darwin' and platform_machine == 'arm64')", + "torch>=2.2,<=2.2.2; sys_platform == 'darwin' and platform_machine == 'x86_64' and python_version < '3.13'", + "bitsandbytes>=0.43; sys_platform == 'linux'", + # NOTE: upstream bitsandbytes has no MPS backend, so it is deliberately NOT + # declared for darwin/arm64. 4-bit on Apple Silicon needs the third-party + # `mps-bitsandbytes` fork, installed manually. Every code path that uses it + # (model_manager.py, lora_trainer.py) guards the import and falls back to + # unquantized FP16/BF16, and every eval config sets quantization = "none" — + # so no result in the README depends on it being present. + "transformers>=4.40,<5.0; sys_platform == 'darwin' and platform_machine == 'x86_64'", + "transformers>=4.40; sys_platform != 'darwin' or platform_machine != 'x86_64'", + "accelerate>=0.28,<1.0; sys_platform == 'darwin' and platform_machine == 'x86_64'", + "accelerate>=0.28; sys_platform != 'darwin' or platform_machine != 'x86_64'", ] dev = [ "pytest>=8.0", @@ -42,14 +56,14 @@ dev = [ [project.scripts] libucks = "libucks._cli:cli" + [tool.pytest.ini_options] asyncio_mode = "auto" testpaths = ["tests"] markers = [ "slow: marks tests that load the embedding model (deselect with '-m not slow')", "gpu: marks tests that require a real model and GPU (deselect with '-m not gpu')", + "eval: marks Phase 1 quality/grounding evaluation against a repo's .libucks state (run with '-m eval'; not collected by default)", + "smoke: marks Phase 4-C cache-augmentation smoke tests that load Qwen 2.5-3B (run with '-m smoke')", ] -[tool.setuptools.packages.find] -where = ["."] -include = ["libucks*"] diff --git a/scripts/archive/README.md b/scripts/archive/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d5f1438 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/archive/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Archived scripts + +Superseded tooling, kept for history rather than use. Nothing here is on a current +code path — check `git log` for the context each one belongs to. + +| script | archived | why | +|---|---|---| +| `query_interlat.py` | 2026-07-27 | V2 Interlat-era manual query driver. Zero references anywhere in the repo or docs. Loads `Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct` with `quantization="4bit"`, which needs the `mps-bitsandbytes` fork un-vendored in the CM-B cleanup, so it will not run as written. The current entry points are `libucks query` (`libucks/_cli.py`) and `scripts/run_eval.py`. | + +Still active and deliberately NOT archived: +- `check_nervous_system.py` — V1-era, but it exercises the git-hook + Unix-socket + update pipeline, which is still current architecture. +- `diagnose_adapter.py` — the documented first step for the recurring "deaf adapter" + failure (cross-bucket cosine ~1.0). +- `train_lora_receiver.py` — referenced by `ARCHITECTURE.md:718`; the LoRA receiver is + still part of the hybrid path. diff --git a/scripts/query_interlat.py b/scripts/archive/query_interlat.py similarity index 88% rename from scripts/query_interlat.py rename to scripts/archive/query_interlat.py index 33fab80..afe95bf 100644 --- a/scripts/query_interlat.py +++ b/scripts/archive/query_interlat.py @@ -54,15 +54,6 @@ async def main(repo_path: Path, query_text: str, lora_path: Path, top_k: int, de strategy = LatentStrategy(mgr) - # Token recycling: native Qwen chat-boundary tokens as frame markers. - base_tokenizer = mgr.get_base_tokenizer() - base_model = mgr.get_base_model() - bop_id = base_tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids("<|im_start|>") - eop_id = base_tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids("<|im_end|>") - embedding_layer = base_model.model.embed_tokens - bop_embed = embedding_layer(torch.tensor([bop_id], device=device)).squeeze(0).detach() - eop_embed = embedding_layer(torch.tensor([eop_id], device=device)).squeeze(0).detach() - # ── Load buckets + routing ──────────────────────────────────────────────── registry = BucketRegistry(repo_path / cfg.paths.registry_file) registry.load() @@ -111,14 +102,13 @@ async def main(repo_path: Path, query_text: str, lora_path: Path, top_k: int, de print("No relevant context found.", file=sys.stderr) return - # Merge via adapter, frame with /, decode via Base receiver + # Merge via adapter, then decode via Base receiver (framing is done internally) contiguous_reps = [r.contiguous() for r in representations] with torch.no_grad(): soft_prompt = adapter(contiguous_reps) # (K, D) - framed = adapter.frame(soft_prompt, bop_embed, eop_embed) # (K+2, D) - print("[query] Calling strategy.receive()...", file=sys.stderr) - answer = await strategy.receive(framed) + print("[query] Calling strategy.decode()...", file=sys.stderr) + answer = await strategy.decode(soft_prompt) # Answer to stdout; all logs to stderr print(answer) diff --git a/scripts/cm_b0f_levers.sh b/scripts/cm_b0f_levers.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..490acfe --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/cm_b0f_levers.sh @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# CM-B.0f — the two objections that survive the bug audit. +# +# CM-B.0e found cartridge - random = +0 on the trustworthy fixture set. Most of +# the defects found in the audit bias DOWNWARD (verbatim truncation, unreachable +# fixtures, template padding, last-epoch save), and cartridge-minus-random is a +# within-run contrast where nearly all of them cancel: all three arms share the +# fixtures, metric, decoder and model. Two objections survive, and neither has +# ever been tested: +# +# best every run in this track shipped the LAST epoch. CM-B.0d's KL rose at +# epoch 2 in all three seeds, so the promoted cartridge was repeatedly +# not the best one trained. +# p384 P=128 has never been varied. The prefix may simply lack the capacity +# to hold the bucket's identifiers. +# +# One seed each, both scored against all three floor arms. If the cartridge still +# fails to beat a random prefix under both, the negative stands with its plausible +# objections closed rather than merely unexamined. +set -uo pipefail +cd /Users/ecaterina/Developer/libucks || exit 1 + +WAIT_PID="${1:-}" +B=bc6b90e2 +KV=/Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/.libucks/kv_cache +EXT=tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json + +# Held fixed across both arms — CM-A.2's config, the best-scoring one on record. +export CM_MODEL_QUERIES=0 +export CM_NQUERIES=120 +export CM_MAX_ANSWER_TOKENS=32 +export CM_SEED=1 + +log() { echo "[b0f $(date '+%H:%M:%S')] $*"; } + +if [[ -n "$WAIT_PID" ]]; then + log "waiting for PID $WAIT_PID ..." + while ps -p "$WAIT_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1; do sleep 60; done + log "PID $WAIT_PID exited" +fi + +run_arm() { + local tag="$1"; shift + log "$tag — distilling with $*" + if env "$@" uv run python scripts/cm_distill_buckets.py \ + --buckets "$B" --force >> cm_b0f.log 2>&1; then + log "$tag — floor arms (orig 8)" + uv run python scripts/cm_floor.py --buckets "$B" \ + --tag "${tag}_orig8" >> cm_b0f.log 2>&1 + log "$tag — floor arms (ext 16)" + uv run python scripts/cm_floor.py --buckets "$B" --fixtures "$EXT" \ + --tag "${tag}_ext16" >> cm_b0f.log 2>&1 + cp "$KV/$B.cartridge.safetensors" "$KV/$B.cartridge.${tag}.bak" + log "$tag — done and archived" + else + log "$tag — DISTILL FAILED, skipping its floor arms rather than scoring a stale cartridge" + fi +} + +run_arm b0f_best CM_KEEP_BEST=1 +run_arm b0f_p384 CM_PREFIX_LEN=384 + +log "=== b0f done ===" +grep -hE "RECIPE|PROMOTED|best epoch WAS|fixtures from|floor:|random:|cartridge:|cartridge -|VERDICT" cm_b0f.log || true diff --git a/scripts/cm_b0g_psweep.sh b/scripts/cm_b0g_psweep.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..f1affae --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/cm_b0g_psweep.sh @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# CM-B.0g — confirm P=384 across seeds, then sweep P further. +# +# CM-B.0f found P was the binding constraint, not the recipe: at P=384 the +# cartridge scored 3/8 (floor 0) and 9/16 (floor 4) — c-floor of +3 and +5 — +# against +0.67 and +0.33 for three seeds at P=128. Initial KL fell 5.68 -> 3.63 +# from the capacity change alone. Every negative in this track, Phase 4-C +# included, was measured at P=64 or P=128. +# +# That was ONE draw, and single draws have been wrong repeatedly here, so the +# confirmation comes first. best-epoch promotion is on throughout: the P=384 draw +# shipped its WORST epoch (4.7843 when epoch 2 was 3.3194) because KEEP_BEST was +# off, so there is free headroom, and keeping it on makes the sweep arms mutually +# comparable. +# +# INTERPRETIVE LIMIT, worth stating before the numbers arrive: bc6b90e2's verbatim +# is ~1009 tokens, so P=128 is 7.9x compression, P=384 is 2.6x, P=512 is 2.0x and +# P=768 is only 1.3x. As P approaches seq_len the cartridge stops being a +# compression of the cache and becomes a reparameterisation of it — at which point +# training-free KV-cache pruning would be the simpler answer. P=768 is therefore an +# UPPER BOUND / sanity check, not a proposal. +# +# A failed arm skips its own floor evals and the chain continues, so one OOM at +# high P cannot cost the rest. +set -uo pipefail +cd /Users/ecaterina/Developer/libucks || exit 1 + +WAIT_PID="${1:-}" +B=bc6b90e2 +KV=/Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/.libucks/kv_cache +EXT=tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json + +# CM-A.2's config, held fixed. Only P and the seed vary. +export CM_MODEL_QUERIES=0 +export CM_NQUERIES=120 +export CM_MAX_ANSWER_TOKENS=32 +export CM_KEEP_BEST=1 + +log() { echo "[b0g $(date '+%H:%M:%S')] $*"; } + +if [[ -n "$WAIT_PID" ]]; then + log "waiting for PID $WAIT_PID ..." + while ps -p "$WAIT_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1; do sleep 60; done + log "PID $WAIT_PID exited" +fi + +run_arm() { + local tag="$1" p="$2" seed="$3" + log "$tag — distilling P=$p seed=$seed keep_best=1" + if CM_PREFIX_LEN="$p" CM_SEED="$seed" uv run python scripts/cm_distill_buckets.py \ + --buckets "$B" --force >> cm_b0g.log 2>&1; then + log "$tag — floor arms (orig 8)" + uv run python scripts/cm_floor.py --buckets "$B" \ + --tag "${tag}_orig8" >> cm_b0g.log 2>&1 + log "$tag — floor arms (ext 16)" + uv run python scripts/cm_floor.py --buckets "$B" --fixtures "$EXT" \ + --tag "${tag}_ext16" >> cm_b0g.log 2>&1 + cp "$KV/$B.cartridge.safetensors" "$KV/$B.cartridge.${tag}.bak" + log "$tag — done and archived" + else + log "$tag — DISTILL FAILED (OOM at high P?); skipping its floor arms, continuing" + fi +} + +# 1+2: confirm P=384 across seeds, with best-epoch on. +run_arm b0g_p384_s1 384 1 +run_arm b0g_p384_s2 384 2 +run_arm b0g_p384_s3 384 3 + +# 3: does it keep scaling? +run_arm b0g_p512_s1 512 1 +run_arm b0g_p768_s1 768 1 + +log "=== b0g done ===" +grep -hE "RECIPE|PROMOTED|best epoch WAS|FAILED|fixtures from|floor:|random:|cartridge:|cartridge - floor" cm_b0g.log || true +echo +echo "Analyse:" +echo " uv run python scripts/cm_variance_report.py --glob 'echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s*_orig8.json'" diff --git a/scripts/cm_b0h_prune.sh b/scripts/cm_b0h_prune.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..3a4cfac --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/cm_b0h_prune.sh @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# CM-B.0h — does distillation beat slicing the real KV cache? +# +# CM-B.0g drove KL to 1.09 at P=768 and grounding did NOT follow: P=768 scored +# 2/8 while P=512 scored 4/8 on a 3x worse KL. That decoupling says the cartridge +# is fitting the 120 self-study queries rather than learning the document. If so, +# a training-free slice of the REAL cache — which contains the identifiers +# outright and never has to relearn them — should be competitive. +# +# `cartridge - kv_first` is the number that matters: kv_first is provably +# identical to init_from_extracted_kv, so that delta is exactly what the gradient +# steps add. It has never been measured in this project. +# +# TWO SETTINGS, deliberately: +# p384_s2 the best-scoring P=384 draw (9/16, 4/8). 2.6x compression, so +# selection actually has to discard most of the document. +# p768_s1 the best-KL draw. 768 of ~1009 positions, i.e. barely compressed — +# kv_first here is nearly the full cache and should be a STRONG +# baseline. If distillation cannot beat it, the mechanism is the +# problem, not the budget. +# +# The in-place cartridge is saved and restored under a trap, so an interrupt +# cannot leave the wrong one installed under the canonical name. +set -uo pipefail +cd /Users/ecaterina/Developer/libucks || exit 1 + +B=bc6b90e2 +KV=/Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/.libucks/kv_cache +CART="$KV/$B.cartridge.safetensors" +KEEP="$KV/$B.cartridge.INPLACE-BEFORE-PRUNE.bak" +EXT=tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json + +log() { echo "[b0h $(date '+%H:%M:%S')] $*"; } + +[[ -f "$CART" ]] || { log "FATAL: no cartridge at $CART"; exit 1; } +cp "$CART" "$KEEP" +log "saved in-place cartridge -> $(basename "$KEEP")" +restore() { [[ -f "$KEEP" ]] && cp "$KEEP" "$CART" && log "restored in-place cartridge"; } +trap restore EXIT INT TERM + +for TAG in b0g_p384_s2 b0g_p768_s1; do + SRC="$KV/$B.cartridge.${TAG}.bak" + if [[ ! -f "$SRC" ]]; then + log "$TAG SKIPPED — no archive" + continue + fi + cp "$SRC" "$CART" + log "$TAG installed — pruning arms (orig 8)" + uv run python scripts/cm_kv_prune.py --buckets "$B" \ + --tag "${TAG}_orig8" >> cm_b0h.log 2>&1 + log "$TAG — pruning arms (ext 16)" + uv run python scripts/cm_kv_prune.py --buckets "$B" --fixtures "$EXT" \ + --tag "${TAG}_ext16" >> cm_b0h.log 2>&1 + log "$TAG done" +done + +log "=== b0h done ===" +grep -hE "compression|floor:|kv_first:|kv_last:|kv_stride:|kv_norm:|cartridge:|VERDICT|Note:" cm_b0h.log || true diff --git a/scripts/cm_distill_buckets.py b/scripts/cm_distill_buckets.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5eeafef --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/cm_distill_buckets.py @@ -0,0 +1,364 @@ +"""Batch distiller — distill a KV-prefix cartridge for every echoswarm bucket +that any fixture routes to, saving each to disk. + +Resumable: skips buckets whose cartridge already exists, so a sleep/crash just +requires re-running (it continues where it left off). A per-epoch checkpoint +(.cartridge.ckpt.safetensors) is written during training and removed +on success, so an MPS wedge leaves at most one lost epoch behind — the final +.cartridge.safetensors only appears once all epochs completed. + +CM-B.0b FIX: this script used to call `generate_self_study_queries(..., model=None)`, +which skips `_model_queries` entirely and falls through to generic templates +(self_study.py:178-185). CM-A.1 had already established that templated queries were +the bottleneck (2/8 templated -> 4/8 fact-probing), so CM-A.2 unknowingly re-ran the +losing configuration while its log recorded "fact-probing self-study". A query-gen +model is now loaded and used, mirroring cm_proof_single_bucket.py:121-128. + +Query generation happens BEFORE the 3B receiver is loaded, and the generator is freed +first, so the two models are never resident at the same time — on 16 GB that matters. + +Cartridge saved to: /.libucks/kv_cache/.cartridge.safetensors + +Run (overnight, kept awake, detached — a non-detached run dies with its parent shell): + nohup caffeinate -dimsu uv run python scripts/cm_distill_buckets.py \ + > cm_redistill.log 2>&1 & + +Only the CM-B.0b spot-check buckets: + ... scripts/cm_distill_buckets.py --buckets bc6b90e2,40615ba9,fe7ded0d --force +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import argparse +import json +import os +import sys +import time +from pathlib import Path + +# MUST precede the torch import below. Without it, distill runs on 16 GB Apple +# Silicon wedge in an uninterruptible MPS allocator wait — proven causally +# necessary in CM-A.2 (r4 wedged without it; a clean probe passed with it in 62 s). +os.environ.setdefault("PYTORCH_MPS_HIGH_WATERMARK_RATIO", "0.0") + +import numpy as np +import torch + +from libucks.config import Config +from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import BucketRegistry +from libucks.storage.bucket_store import BucketStore +from libucks.embeddings.embedding_service import EmbeddingService +from libucks.thinking.training.data_generator import _collect_source_text +from libucks.cache_augmentation.kv_extract import extract_bucket_kv +from libucks.cache_augmentation.cartridge import KVPrefixCartridge +from libucks.thinking.training.cartridge_trainer import CartridgeTrainer +from libucks.thinking.training.self_study import generate_self_study_queries + +REPO = Path("/Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm") +FIXTURES = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa.json" +RECEIVER_ID = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B" +QGEN_ID = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct" # fact-probing query generator (CM-B.0b) +# Prefix length to TRAIN at. This is the source of truth: it is written into +# each cartridge's safetensors metadata, and cm_eval_cartridge reads it back via +# KVPrefixCartridge.read_geometry. It used to be restated there under reciprocal +# "MUST match" comments, which made a P sweep impossible without editing both. +PREFIX_LEN = int(os.environ.get("CM_PREFIX_LEN", "128")) +N_QUERIES = int(os.environ.get("CM_NQUERIES", "120")) +EPOCHS = int(os.environ.get("CM_EPOCHS", "4")) +LR = float(os.environ.get("CM_LR", "1e-2")) +# Verbatim budget, in characters. Feeds THREE places that must agree: the text +# collected from chunks, the teacher's context window, and the KV extraction +# length. They were three separate literals; a mismatch means the teacher answers +# from text the cartridge never encoded. +# +# Also the lever for the slice-on-overflow question. Since 30ee434 an overflowing +# block is truncated rather than dropped, so the verbatim now ends mid-statement +# ("if self.agent_") where it used to end at a chunk boundary ("return None"). +# Setting this to a value that lands exactly on a boundary reproduces the old +# behaviour: for bc6b90e2 that is 3868 (vs 4132 today). +VERBATIM_CHARS = int(os.environ.get("CM_VERBATIM_CHARS", "4096")) +# Tokens to extract for the warm-start KV. ~4 chars/token, and it only has to +# cover PREFIX_LEN positions, but keeping it proportional avoids silently +# warm-starting from a fraction of a raised verbatim budget. +EXTRACT_TOKENS = int(os.environ.get("CM_EXTRACT_TOKENS", str(max(1024, VERBATIM_CHARS // 4)))) +# Teacher answer budget. CM-A.1-retry (the only run that ever passed, 4/8 on +# bc6b90e2) used 48; CM-A.2 and CM-B.0b both used 32, which cannot fit a +# multi-identifier answer — echoswarm_11 needs six JSON keys. Default stays 32 +# so this lever is inert unless set: silently changing a default is the exact +# mistake that made CM-A.2 re-run the losing configuration. +MAX_ANSWER_TOKENS = int(os.environ.get("CM_MAX_ANSWER_TOKENS", "32")) +# Abort if template fill-in exceeds this share of the query set. CM-B.0b ran +# bc6b90e2 at 30% templates and fe7ded0d at 33% without any signal. 0.35 lets +# the observed CM-B.0b runs through unchanged while catching a real collapse; +# tighten once a run demonstrates the generator can sustain a lower rate. +MAX_TEMPLATE_FRACTION = float(os.environ.get("CM_MAX_TEMPLATE_FRACTION", "0.35")) +# Use the 0.5B instruct model to write queries (1) or the curated fact-probing +# templates (0). +# +# READ THIS BEFORE CHANGING IT. `_TEMPLATES` has been the *fact-probing* set +# since bdba4ae (2026-07-02) — the very commit whose message reads "Fact-probing +# self-study queries (vs generic templates): latent-alone 2/8 -> 4/8". The 2/8 +# loser was the GENERIC template set, deleted in that same commit. So +# `model=None` does NOT mean "the losing configuration"; it means the winning +# one. A comment added 2026-07-27 (12ca750) claimed otherwise and is what +# motivated CM-B.0b, which then displaced proven templates with 0.5B output and +# fell 5/8 -> 1/8. Default 1 preserves CM-B.0b behaviour; set 0 to reproduce +# CM-A.1-retry. +MODEL_QUERIES = os.environ.get("CM_MODEL_QUERIES", "1") == "1" +# Query-order seed. Unset reproduces the historical unseeded behaviour, under +# which no two runs of this script ever saw the same order — which is why every +# number in this track (2/8 vs 4/8, 7/25 vs 10/25, 5/8 vs 1/8) is a single +# sample with no error bar. Set it to make a run replayable; vary it, holding +# everything else fixed, to finally measure run-to-run variance. +SEED = int(os.environ["CM_SEED"]) if os.environ.get("CM_SEED") else None +# Promote the lowest-mean-KL epoch instead of the last one. Every run in this +# track shipped the last epoch; CM-B.0d's curves rose at epoch 2 in all three +# seeds, so the shipped cartridge was repeatedly not the best trained. Default 0 +# preserves the historical protocol — a best-of-N run is NOT comparable with a +# last-epoch run, and the log says so when this is on. +KEEP_BEST = os.environ.get("CM_KEEP_BEST", "0") == "1" + + +def _log(m: str) -> None: + print(f"[cm_distill] {m}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True) + + +def main() -> None: + ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__) + ap.add_argument( + "--buckets", + default="", + help="comma-separated bucket id prefixes to restrict to (e.g. bc6b90e2,40615ba9)", + ) + ap.add_argument( + "--force", + action="store_true", + help="re-distill even if a cartridge already exists (needed to re-run CM-A.2 buckets)", + ) + ap.add_argument( + "--dry-run", + action="store_true", + help="print the resolved work list and exit without loading any model", + ) + args = ap.parse_args() + + cfg = Config.load(REPO) + libucks_dir = REPO / ".libucks" + cart_dir = libucks_dir / "kv_cache" + cart_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + registry = BucketRegistry(libucks_dir / "registry.json") + registry.load() + store = BucketStore(libucks_dir / "buckets") + embedder = EmbeddingService.get_instance(cfg.model.embedding_model) + fixtures = json.loads(FIXTURES.read_text())["fixtures"] + + # buckets that any fixture routes to (top-1 centroid) + centroids = registry.get_all_centroids() + bids = list(centroids.keys()) + mat = np.stack([centroids[b] for b in bids]) + routed: set[str] = set() + for fx in fixtures: + routed.add(bids[int((mat @ embedder.embed(fx["question"])).argmax())]) + routed_list = sorted(routed) + if args.buckets: + want = {b.strip() for b in args.buckets.split(",") if b.strip()} + routed_list = [b for b in routed_list if any(b.startswith(w) for w in want)] + unmatched = {w for w in want if not any(b.startswith(w) for b in routed_list)} + if unmatched: + sys.exit(f"[cm_distill] --buckets did not match any routed bucket: {sorted(unmatched)}") + _log(f"{len(routed_list)} fixture-routed buckets to distill: {[b[:8] for b in routed_list]}") + + # ---- work list: resolve verbatim + honour resume/--force before loading models ---- + todo: list[tuple[str, str]] = [] + skipped, failed = 0, 0 + for bid in routed_list: + if (cart_dir / f"{bid}.cartridge.safetensors").exists() and not args.force: + _log(f"{bid[:8]} — cartridge exists, skip (use --force to re-distill)") + skipped += 1 + continue + fm, _ = store.read(bid) + verbatim = _collect_source_text(fm, max_chars=VERBATIM_CHARS) or "" + if len(verbatim) < 50: + _log(f"{bid[:8]} — verbatim too short ({len(verbatim)}), skip") + failed += 1 + continue + todo.append((bid, verbatim)) + + if not todo: + _log(f"=== nothing to do: skipped={skipped} failed={failed} ===") + return + + if args.dry_run: + _log(f"DRY RUN — would distill {len(todo)} bucket(s), " + f"{N_QUERIES} queries each, P={PREFIX_LEN}, {EPOCHS}ep, lr={LR}:") + for bid, verbatim in todo: + _log(f" {bid[:8]} verbatim={len(verbatim)} chars") + _log(f"query generator: {QGEN_ID} | receiver: {RECEIVER_ID}") + _log(f"skipped={skipped} failed={failed}") + return + + # ---- Phase 1: fact-probing query generation (0.5B resident; 3B not yet loaded) ---- + # CM-B.0b: this is the fix. Previously `model=None` here silently produced + # templated queries — the configuration CM-A.1 had already shown to fail. + from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer + device = torch.device("mps" if torch.backends.mps.is_available() else "cpu") + + # Query generation runs on CPU, deliberately. transformers' generate() aborts + # the whole process on MPS for prompts of this length: + # MPSNDArray.mm:761: total bytes of NDArray > 2**32 + # It is a hard Metal assertion, not a Python exception, so it cannot be caught + # or retried. Verified 2026-07-27 across greedy / sample / top-k / top-p and + # both fp32 and bf16 — all four crash on MPS at a ~780-token prompt; CPU + # completes in ~10 s. Distillation itself is unaffected because + # CartridgeTrainer._teacher_generate uses a manual decode loop, not generate(). + qgen_model = qgen_tok = None + if MODEL_QUERIES: + qgen_device = torch.device("cpu") + _log(f"loading query generator {QGEN_ID} on {qgen_device} (MPS generate() is broken; see note) ...") + qgen_model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained( + QGEN_ID, dtype=torch.float32 + ).eval().to(qgen_device) + qgen_tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(QGEN_ID) + else: + _log("query generator DISABLED — using curated fact-probing templates " + "(the CM-A.1-retry configuration)") + queries_by_bucket: dict[str, list[str]] = {} + qgen_stats: dict[str, dict] = {} + for n, (bid, verbatim) in enumerate(todo, 1): + st: dict = {} + qs = generate_self_study_queries( + verbatim, N_QUERIES, model=qgen_model, tokenizer=qgen_tok, stats=st + ) + queries_by_bucket[bid] = qs + qgen_stats[bid] = st + _log(f"[qgen {n}/{len(todo)}] {bid[:8]} — {len(qs)} queries " + f"(model={st['model']} template={st['template']})") + + # Free the generator before the 3B loads: never hold both resident on 16 GB. + del qgen_model, qgen_tok + if device.type == "mps": + torch.mps.empty_cache() + if MODEL_QUERIES: + _log("query generator freed") + + # Catch an UNINTENDED collapse to templates. The former guard tested + # `not qs`, which can NEVER be true — generate_self_study_queries always + # tops up to n — so CM-B.0b passed it while distilling bc6b90e2 on 30% + # templates. Test the composition instead. + # + # Skipped when MODEL_QUERIES=0, where 100% templates is the requested + # configuration, not a failure. + too_templated = {} if not MODEL_QUERIES else { + b: s for b, s in qgen_stats.items() + if s["template"] > MAX_TEMPLATE_FRACTION * max(1, s["model"] + s["template"]) + } + if too_templated: + detail = ", ".join(f"{b[:8]}: {s['model']} model / {s['template']} template" + for b, s in sorted(too_templated.items())) + sys.exit( + f"[cm_distill] query generation fell back to templates beyond " + f"{MAX_TEMPLATE_FRACTION:.0%} for: {detail}. Templates are the " + f"configuration CM-A.1 showed to fail (2/8 vs 4/8). Raise " + f"CM_MAX_TEMPLATE_FRACTION to override deliberately, and say so in the log." + ) + + # ---- Phase 2: distillation (3B resident) ---- + # Echo the full recipe. CM-A.2's log entry claimed a configuration the run + # did not execute; a reader of this log must never have to infer it again. + _log(f"RECIPE: P={PREFIX_LEN} queries={N_QUERIES} epochs={EPOCHS} lr={LR} " + f"max_answer_tokens={MAX_ANSWER_TOKENS} verbatim={VERBATIM_CHARS} extract={EXTRACT_TOKENS} " + f"qgen={QGEN_ID if MODEL_QUERIES else 'fact-probing templates'} " + f"receiver={RECEIVER_ID} seed={SEED if SEED is not None else 'UNSEEDED'} " + f"keep_best={KEEP_BEST}") + _log(f"loading {RECEIVER_ID} on {device} ...") + model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(RECEIVER_ID, dtype=torch.bfloat16).eval().to(device) + tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(RECEIVER_ID) + trainer = CartridgeTrainer(model, tok, temperature=2.0, alpha_ce=0.3, + max_answer_tokens=MAX_ANSWER_TOKENS, max_verbatim_chars=VERBATIM_CHARS) + + done = 0 + for n, (bid, verbatim) in enumerate(todo, 1): + out_path = cart_dir / f"{bid}.cartridge.safetensors" + try: + t0 = time.time() + cart = KVPrefixCartridge.for_model(model, prefix_len=PREFIX_LEN, dtype=torch.float32) + ckpt_path = cart_dir / f"{bid}.cartridge.ckpt.safetensors" + side_path = Path(str(ckpt_path) + ".json") + + # Resume from a wedged run's per-epoch checkpoint. Before CM-B.0b the + # checkpoint was written but never read, so a wedge cost the whole + # ~2 h bucket instead of one epoch. + epochs_done = 0 + if ckpt_path.exists() and side_path.exists(): + try: + epochs_done = int(json.loads(side_path.read_text())["epochs_done"]) + cart.load(ckpt_path) # validates geometry; raises on mismatch + _log(f"[{n}/{len(todo)}] {bid[:8]} — RESUMING from checkpoint " + f"({epochs_done}/{EPOCHS} epochs already done)") + except Exception as exc: + _log(f"[{n}/{len(todo)}] {bid[:8]} — checkpoint unusable ({exc!r}); " + "starting from warm-start init") + epochs_done = 0 + cart = KVPrefixCartridge.for_model(model, prefix_len=PREFIX_LEN, + dtype=torch.float32) + + if epochs_done == 0: + cart.init_from_extracted_kv( + extract_bucket_kv(model, tok, verbatim, max_tokens=EXTRACT_TOKENS) + ) + cart.to(device) + + remaining = EPOCHS - epochs_done + if remaining <= 0: + _log(f"[{n}/{len(todo)}] {bid[:8]} — checkpoint already has all " + f"{EPOCHS} epochs; saving as final") + cart.save(out_path) + ckpt_path.unlink(missing_ok=True) + side_path.unlink(missing_ok=True) + done += 1 + continue + + queries = queries_by_bucket[bid] + _log(f"[{n}/{len(todo)}] {bid[:8]} — distilling ({len(queries)} q, " + f"P={PREFIX_LEN}, {remaining}ep{f' of {EPOCHS}, resumed' if epochs_done else ''}) ...") + best_path = (cart_dir / f"{bid}.cartridge.best.safetensors") if KEEP_BEST else None + res = trainer.distill_bucket(cart, verbatim, queries, epochs=remaining, lr=LR, + checkpoint_path=ckpt_path, seed=SEED, + best_path=best_path) + cart.save(out_path) + # Promote the best epoch over the last one when asked. Every run so far + # shipped the LAST epoch, and CM-B.0d's epoch means rose at epoch 2 in + # all three seeds (e.g. 5.754, 3.207, 4.753, 2.987), so the promoted + # cartridge was repeatedly not the best one trained. Opt-in, because + # best-of-N selection makes a run non-comparable with the ones that + # took the last epoch — say so in the log when using it. + if KEEP_BEST and best_path is not None and best_path.exists(): + be, bkl = res.get("best_epoch"), res.get("best_mean_kl") + last_kl = res.get("final_mean_kl") + if be is not None and be != remaining - 1: + import shutil + shutil.copyfile(best_path, out_path) + _log(f"[{n}/{len(todo)}] {bid[:8]} — PROMOTED epoch {be} " + f"(mean_kl={bkl:.4f}) over last epoch {remaining-1} " + f"(mean_kl={last_kl:.4f}). This run is NOT comparable with " + f"last-epoch runs.") + else: + _log(f"[{n}/{len(todo)}] {bid[:8]} — best epoch WAS the last " + f"({be}); nothing promoted") + best_path.unlink(missing_ok=True) + Path(str(best_path) + ".json").unlink(missing_ok=True) + ckpt_path.unlink(missing_ok=True) + side_path.unlink(missing_ok=True) + resumed = " (RESUMED — init_mean_kl is the first resumed epoch, " + resumed += "not the true pre-training value)" if epochs_done else "" + _log(f"[{n}/{len(todo)}] {bid[:8]} — saved. KL {res['init_mean_kl']:.3f}->{res['final_mean_kl']:.3f} " + f"({time.time()-t0:.0f}s){resumed if epochs_done else ''}") + done += 1 + except Exception as exc: + _log(f"[{n}/{len(todo)}] {bid[:8]} — FAILED: {exc!r}") + failed += 1 + + _log(f"=== DONE: distilled={done} skipped={skipped} failed={failed} / {len(routed_list)} ===") + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main() diff --git a/scripts/cm_edit_experiment.py b/scripts/cm_edit_experiment.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e50a89 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/cm_edit_experiment.py @@ -0,0 +1,520 @@ +"""CM-B Stage 1, step 4 — orchestrate edit -> repair -> measure. + +For each (edit type, seed): + + 1. Apply a controlled edit and commit it (cm_make_edits) + 2. Re-derive teacher answers; keep the queries whose answer moved + 3. GROUND TRUTH: full re-distill of the changed bucket (~7,200 s) + 4. STALENESS FLOOR: score the un-repaired cartridge + 5. For each repair method: repair, then score (cartridge_edit) + 6. Revert the edit so the next trial starts from an identical tree + +Everything model-dependent goes through the `TrialRunner` protocol below, so +the orchestration — trial matrix, ordering, resume, gate arithmetic — is +CPU-testable with a fake. The gate is where a result gets declared; it should +not be exercised only by a six-hour GPU job. + +Cost note driving the ordering: step 3 dominates everything else, so the trial +matrix groups all methods under one (edit type, seed) and the runner computes +ground truth once per group. Interleaving methods would re-distil per method +and roughly triple the wall clock. + +Resume: every finished trial is appended to a JSONL as one line, and a re-run +skips whatever is already in it. Stage 0b lost a bucket to a wedge because a +checkpoint was write-only; a multi-hour matrix must not repeat that. + + uv run python scripts/cm_edit_experiment.py --repo --file \ + --bucket [--methods slots,continue] [--seeds 0,1] [--dry-run] +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +# MPS allocator cap must be set before torch is imported anywhere, including +# transitively via libucks. Setting it afterwards is silently a no-op and has +# cost this project entire nights. +import os + +os.environ.setdefault("PYTORCH_MPS_HIGH_WATERMARK_RATIO", "0.0") + +import argparse +import json +import sys +from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass, field +from pathlib import Path +from typing import Iterable, Protocol, Sequence + +from libucks.cache_augmentation.cartridge_edit import REPAIR_METHODS, RepairResult + +sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent)) +from scripts.cm_make_edits import EDIT_TYPES # noqa: E402 + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Pre-registered gate. Fixed before the run, per docs/cm-b-plan.md house rules. +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +KL_TOLERANCE = 0.10 # repaired_kl <= redistill_kl * (1 + this) +COST_CEILING = 0.25 # repair_seconds <= redistill_seconds * this +MIN_EDIT_TYPES = 3 # of the four +SEED_MAJORITY = 0.5 # STRICT: an edit type needs > this share of its seeds + +# Note the strictness interacts with seed count, and that changes the bar, not +# just the cost. With 2 seeds, 1 pass is exactly 0.5 and therefore FAILS — both +# must pass. With 3 seeds, 2-of-3 suffices. Ground truth is ~7,200 s per +# (edit type, seed), so 4 types x 3 seeds is ~24 h of re-distills before any +# repair runs; 4 x 2 is ~16 h but is the harsher gate. Pick deliberately. + +# A trial is only informative if the edit actually moved the cartridge. If the +# STALE cartridge is already within this factor of the re-distilled one, the +# edit disturbed nothing and any "repair" was free by construction. +MIN_STALENESS_GAP = 0.25 # stale_kl must exceed redistill_kl * (1 + this) + + +def _log(msg: str) -> None: + print(f"[cm_edit_exp] {msg}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True) + + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Data model +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +@dataclass(frozen=True, order=True) +class TrialKey: + edit_type: str + method: str + seed: int + + +@dataclass +class TrialResult: + """One (edit type, method, seed) measurement. + + `redistill_kl` and `repair.final_kl` are each cartridge's own distillation + KL against the teacher — the number CartridgeTrainer already reports — so + they are directly comparable and a ratio between them is meaningful. + + `agreement_kl` is KL(repaired || re-distilled), recorded because the plan + names it the primary metric and it is free of decode-loop variance. It is + NOT the gate: it has no natural scale to threshold against, whereas a ratio + between two like-for-like KLs does. + """ + + key: TrialKey + repair: RepairResult + redistill_kl: float + redistill_seconds: float + stale_kl: float + agreement_kl: float + grounding_repaired: int = 0 + grounding_redistilled: int = 0 + n_fixtures: int = 0 + + @property + def cost_ratio(self) -> float: + return self.repair.cost_ratio(self.redistill_seconds) + + @property + def kl_ratio(self) -> float: + """repaired / re-distilled. <= 1 + KL_TOLERANCE is the quality bar.""" + if self.redistill_kl <= 0: + return float("inf") if self.repair.final_kl > 0 else 1.0 + return self.repair.final_kl / self.redistill_kl + + +@dataclass +class TrialVerdict: + key: TrialKey + passed: bool + reason: str + + +@dataclass +class GateVerdict: + method: str + passed: bool + n_edit_types_passed: int + n_uninformative: int + per_trial: list[TrialVerdict] = field(default_factory=list) + summary: str = "" + + +@dataclass +class ExperimentSpec: + repo: Path + source_file: str + bucket_id: str + edit_types: tuple[str, ...] = EDIT_TYPES + methods: tuple[str, ...] = REPAIR_METHODS + seeds: tuple[int, ...] = (0, 1, 2) + epochs: int = 4 + lr: float = 1e-2 + + def __post_init__(self) -> None: + bad_m = [m for m in self.methods if m not in REPAIR_METHODS] + if bad_m: + raise ValueError( + f"unknown repair method(s) {bad_m}; expected {list(REPAIR_METHODS)}" + ) + bad_e = [e for e in self.edit_types if e not in EDIT_TYPES] + if bad_e: + raise ValueError( + f"unknown edit type(s) {bad_e}; expected {list(EDIT_TYPES)}" + ) + if not self.seeds: + raise ValueError("need at least one seed") + if not self.edit_types: + raise ValueError("need at least one edit type") + if not self.methods: + raise ValueError("need at least one repair method") + + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Trial matrix +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +def trial_matrix(spec: ExperimentSpec) -> list[TrialKey]: + """All trials, grouped so every method shares one ground-truth re-distill. + + Order is (edit_type, seed) outer, method inner. The full re-distill in + step 3 costs ~7,200 s and dominates; computing it once per group instead of + once per method is the difference between a 3-hour and a 9-hour run. + """ + return [ + TrialKey(edit_type=e, method=m, seed=s) + for e in spec.edit_types + for s in spec.seeds + for m in spec.methods + ] + + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Gate +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +def _judge(t: TrialResult) -> TrialVerdict: + # Informativeness first: a trial that measured nothing cannot pass, however + # good its numbers look. This is the pre-committed honest outcome — easy + # repair because the edit did nothing is insensitivity, not a mechanism. + if t.repair.n_queries == 0: + return TrialVerdict(t.key, False, + "uninformative: no teacher answer changed, so the " + "repair was free by construction") + + if t.stale_kl <= t.redistill_kl * (1 + MIN_STALENESS_GAP): + return TrialVerdict( + t.key, False, + f"uninformative: staleness floor {t.stale_kl:.3f} is within " + f"{MIN_STALENESS_GAP:.0%} of the re-distill {t.redistill_kl:.3f} — " + "the edit did not disturb the cartridge" + ) + + quality_ok = t.repair.final_kl <= t.redistill_kl * (1 + KL_TOLERANCE) + cost_ok = t.repair.seconds <= t.redistill_seconds * COST_CEILING + + if not quality_ok and not cost_ok: + return TrialVerdict(t.key, False, + f"quality and cost: kl_ratio={t.kl_ratio:.3f}, " + f"cost_ratio={t.cost_ratio:.3f}") + if not quality_ok: + return TrialVerdict(t.key, False, f"quality: kl_ratio={t.kl_ratio:.3f} " + f"> {1 + KL_TOLERANCE:.2f}") + if not cost_ok: + return TrialVerdict(t.key, False, f"cost: cost_ratio={t.cost_ratio:.3f} " + f"> {COST_CEILING:.2f}") + return TrialVerdict(t.key, True, + f"kl_ratio={t.kl_ratio:.3f}, cost_ratio={t.cost_ratio:.3f}") + + +def evaluate_gate( + results: Iterable[TrialResult], + method: str | None = None, +) -> GateVerdict: + """Score one repair method against the pre-registered gate. + + An edit TYPE counts as passed when more than SEED_MAJORITY of its seeds + pass, so a single lucky seed cannot carry it. The overall verdict needs + MIN_EDIT_TYPES distinct types — four passing seeds of one edit type is one + edit type, not four. + """ + rows = [t for t in results if method is None or t.key.method == method] + verdicts = [_judge(t) for t in rows] + by_key = {v.key: v for v in verdicts} + + by_type: dict[str, list[bool]] = {} + for t in rows: + by_type.setdefault(t.key.edit_type, []).append(by_key[t.key].passed) + + n_types_passed = sum( + 1 for oks in by_type.values() + if oks and (sum(oks) / len(oks)) > SEED_MAJORITY + ) + n_uninformative = sum(1 for v in verdicts if "uninformative" in v.reason) + passed = n_types_passed >= MIN_EDIT_TYPES + + resolved = method or (rows[0].key.method if rows else "?") + summary = ( + f"method={resolved}: {n_types_passed}/{len(by_type) or 0} edit types " + f"passed (need {MIN_EDIT_TYPES}). Gate: repaired KL within " + f"{KL_TOLERANCE:.0%} of full re-distill at <= {COST_CEILING:.0%} of its " + f"cost. {n_uninformative} trial(s) uninformative." + ) + return GateVerdict( + method=resolved, passed=passed, n_edit_types_passed=n_types_passed, + n_uninformative=n_uninformative, per_trial=verdicts, summary=summary, + ) + + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Resume +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +def write_trial(path: Path, result: TrialResult) -> None: + """Append one trial as one JSON line, flushed immediately. + + One line per trial so a kill can only ever corrupt the last one, and + load_completed tolerates exactly that. + """ + path = Path(path) + path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + with path.open("a") as f: + f.write(json.dumps(asdict(result)) + "\n") + f.flush() + os.fsync(f.fileno()) + + +def load_completed(path: Path) -> set[TrialKey]: + """Trial keys already recorded. A truncated final line is skipped. + + Being killed mid-write must not make an entire multi-hour matrix + unresumable — Stage 0b already lost a bucket to a write-only checkpoint. + """ + path = Path(path) + if not path.exists(): + return set() + + done: set[TrialKey] = set() + for line in path.read_text().splitlines(): + line = line.strip() + if not line: + continue + try: + k = json.loads(line)["key"] + done.add(TrialKey(k["edit_type"], k["method"], int(k["seed"]))) + except Exception: + _log(f"skipping unreadable trial line ({len(line)} chars) — " + "likely a kill mid-write; it will be re-run") + return done + + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Runner protocol — everything that needs a model +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +class TrialRunner(Protocol): + """The model-dependent half, injected so orchestration stays testable.""" + + def queries(self) -> list[str]: + """Self-study queries for the bucket under test.""" + + def teacher_answers(self, queries: Sequence[str]) -> dict[str, str]: + """Greedy teacher answers for the CURRENT state of the repo.""" + + def full_redistill(self) -> tuple[float, float]: + """Ground truth. Returns (final_kl, seconds).""" + + def stale_score(self) -> float: + """Distillation KL of the un-repaired cartridge. The staleness floor.""" + + def repair(self, method: str, changed: Sequence[str]) -> RepairResult: + """Run one repair method over the changed queries.""" + + def agreement(self) -> float: + """KL(repaired || re-distilled) for the most recent repair.""" + + def grounding(self) -> tuple[int, int, int]: + """(repaired_hits, redistilled_hits, n_fixtures).""" + + +class EditDriver(Protocol): + """Applying and reverting edits, injected so tests touch no real repo.""" + + def apply(self, edit_type: str, seed: int) -> None: ... + def revert(self, edit_type: str, seed: int) -> None: ... + + +class GitEditDriver: + """Real edits via cm_make_edits, committed so libucks can see them. + + Committing matters: BucketKVCache keys freshness on (chunk_id, git_sha), so + an uncommitted edit leaves the cartridge looking valid and the whole trial + measures nothing. + """ + + def __init__(self, repo: Path, source_file: str) -> None: + self._repo = Path(repo) + self._file = source_file + self._plans: dict[tuple[str, int], object] = {} + + def apply(self, edit_type: str, seed: int) -> None: + from scripts.cm_make_edits import apply_edit, commit_edit, plan_edit + + plan = plan_edit(self._repo / self._file, edit_type, seed=seed) + apply_edit(plan) + commit_edit(plan, self._repo) + self._plans[(edit_type, seed)] = plan + + def revert(self, edit_type: str, seed: int) -> None: + from scripts.cm_make_edits import commit_edit, revert_edit + + plan = self._plans.pop((edit_type, seed), None) + if plan is None: + _log(f"WARNING: no plan recorded for {edit_type}/seed{seed}; " + "the tree may still carry the edit") + return + revert_edit(plan) + commit_edit(plan, self._repo) + + +def run_experiment( + spec: ExperimentSpec, + runner: TrialRunner, + out_path: Path, + *, + edits: EditDriver | None = None, + resume: bool = True, +) -> list[TrialResult]: + """Drive the matrix, one (edit type, seed) group at a time. + + Per group: apply the edit, diff teacher answers to find what actually + moved, build ground truth ONCE, then run every repair method against it, + and finally revert so the next group starts from an identical tree. + + A group whose edit moves no teacher answer is skipped entirely rather than + recorded — a zero-query trial would otherwise sit in the results file + looking like a very cheap success. + """ + from libucks.cache_augmentation.cartridge_edit import ( + NoChangeDetected, + changed_queries, + ) + + if edits is None: + edits = GitEditDriver(spec.repo, spec.source_file) + + done = load_completed(out_path) if resume else set() + if done: + _log(f"resuming: {len(done)} trial(s) already complete") + + # Group the matrix so ground truth is computed once per (edit type, seed). + groups: dict[tuple[str, int], list[TrialKey]] = {} + for key in trial_matrix(spec): + groups.setdefault((key.edit_type, key.seed), []).append(key) + + results: list[TrialResult] = [] + for (edit_type, seed), keys in groups.items(): + pending = [k for k in keys if k not in done] + if not pending: + _log(f"skip group {edit_type}/seed{seed} — all methods done") + continue + + queries = runner.queries() + before = runner.teacher_answers(queries) + + edits.apply(edit_type, seed) + try: + after = runner.teacher_answers(queries) + try: + changed = changed_queries(before, after, require_change=True) + except NoChangeDetected as exc: + _log(f"SKIP group {edit_type}/seed{seed}: {exc}") + continue + + _log(f"{edit_type}/seed{seed}: {len(changed)}/{len(queries)} " + "teacher answers moved") + _log(" ground truth (full re-distill, the slow one) ...") + redistill_kl, redistill_seconds = runner.full_redistill() + stale_kl = runner.stale_score() + + for key in pending: + repair = runner.repair(key.method, changed) + g_rep, g_re, n_fix = runner.grounding() + result = TrialResult( + key=key, repair=repair, + redistill_kl=redistill_kl, + redistill_seconds=redistill_seconds, + stale_kl=stale_kl, + agreement_kl=runner.agreement(), + grounding_repaired=g_rep, grounding_redistilled=g_re, + n_fixtures=n_fix, + ) + write_trial(out_path, result) + results.append(result) + _log(f" {key.method}: kl_ratio={result.kl_ratio:.3f} " + f"cost_ratio={result.cost_ratio:.3f}") + finally: + # Always revert, even if a repair raised — otherwise the next group + # stacks its edit on top of this one and every later trial is junk. + edits.revert(edit_type, seed) + + return results + + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# CLI +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +def main() -> int: + ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__) + ap.add_argument("--repo", required=True, type=Path) + ap.add_argument("--file", required=True, help="source file to edit, relative to --repo") + ap.add_argument("--bucket", required=True, help="bucket id owning that file") + ap.add_argument("--edit-types", default=",".join(EDIT_TYPES)) + ap.add_argument("--methods", default=",".join(REPAIR_METHODS)) + ap.add_argument("--seeds", default="0,1,2") + ap.add_argument("--epochs", type=int, default=4) + ap.add_argument("--out", type=Path, + default=Path("tests/eval/results/cm/edit_experiment.jsonl")) + ap.add_argument("--no-resume", action="store_true") + ap.add_argument("--dry-run", action="store_true", + help="print the trial matrix and cost estimate, run nothing") + args = ap.parse_args() + + try: + spec = ExperimentSpec( + repo=args.repo, source_file=args.file, bucket_id=args.bucket, + edit_types=tuple(args.edit_types.split(",")), + methods=tuple(args.methods.split(",")), + seeds=tuple(int(s) for s in args.seeds.split(",")), + epochs=args.epochs, + ) + except ValueError as exc: + _log(f"ERROR: {exc}") + return 1 + + matrix = trial_matrix(spec) + n_groups = len(spec.edit_types) * len(spec.seeds) + _log(f"{len(matrix)} trials over {n_groups} ground-truth re-distills") + _log(f" edit types : {list(spec.edit_types)}") + _log(f" methods : {list(spec.methods)}") + _log(f" seeds : {list(spec.seeds)}") + # 7,199 s/bucket measured in CM-A.2; repairs are the thing being measured, + # so only the ground-truth cost is predictable in advance. + _log(f" ground truth alone ~= {n_groups * 7200 / 3600:.1f} h") + + done = set() if args.no_resume else load_completed(args.out) + if done: + _log(f" {len(done)} already complete, {len(matrix) - len(done)} remaining") + + if args.dry_run: + for k in matrix: + mark = "done" if k in done else "todo" + _log(f" [{mark}] {k.edit_type}/{k.method}/seed{k.seed}") + return 0 + + _log("ERROR: the model-backed TrialRunner is not implemented yet. " + "Stage 1 steps 1-3 (cm_make_edits, cartridge_edit) and this " + "orchestration are ready; wiring CartridgeTrainer in is the next step " + "and needs the GPU free.") + return 2 + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + raise SystemExit(main()) diff --git a/scripts/cm_eval_cartridge.py b/scripts/cm_eval_cartridge.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e4195c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/cm_eval_cartridge.py @@ -0,0 +1,194 @@ +"""CM-A.2 cartridge eval — latent-alone grounding across all echoswarm fixtures. + +For each fixture: route to its bucket, load that bucket's distilled cartridge, +generate an answer from the LATENT ALONE (no verbatim), score keyword grounding. +Reports the CM-A.2 gate number: cartridge latent-alone grounding /25. + +Reference baselines (Phase 4-C fairness eval, re-scored under CM-B.0a): + hybrid 11/25 · text_clean 4/25 · no_context 3/25 · cache_aug_no_verbatim 3/25 +Gate: cartridge latent-alone >= 8/25 (= no_context 3 + 5). + +WARNING — those baselines ran on a 0.5B receiver (echoswarm has no +.libucks/config.toml, so Config falls back to the 0.5B default) while this script +hardcodes 3B below. Cartridge-vs-baseline is therefore CROSS-MODEL and must not be +quoted as a comparison until a 3B no_context/text_clean baseline exists. + +Run: uv run python scripts/cm_eval_cartridge.py + uv run python scripts/cm_eval_cartridge.py --buckets bc6b90e2,40615ba9,fe7ded0d +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import argparse +import json +import os +import sys +from pathlib import Path + +# MUST precede the torch import. Proven causally necessary for any distill/eval +# run on this machine (CM-A.2 r4 wedged without it; a clean probe passed with it). +os.environ.setdefault("PYTORCH_MPS_HIGH_WATERMARK_RATIO", "0.0") + +import numpy as np +import torch + +from libucks.config import Config +from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import BucketRegistry +from libucks.storage.bucket_store import BucketStore +from libucks.embeddings.embedding_service import EmbeddingService +from libucks.eval_metrics import EVAL_MAX_NEW_TOKENS, grounding_score +from libucks.cache_augmentation.cartridge import KVPrefixCartridge +from libucks.thinking.training.cartridge_trainer import CartridgeTrainer + +REPO = Path("/Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm") +FIXTURES = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa.json" +RESULTS = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "tests/eval/results/cm" +RECEIVER_ID = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B" +# Fallback only, for reporting. The real P is read from each cartridge file via +# KVPrefixCartridge.read_geometry, so this no longer has to match the distiller. +PREFIX_LEN = 128 + + +def _log(m: str) -> None: + print(f"[cm_eval] {m}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True) + + +def _grounded(answer: str, keywords: list[str]) -> bool: + """Shared CM-B.0a metric — do NOT reintroduce a local substring copy here. + + This script used to carry its own plain-substring scorer, which is the metric + that under-counted CM-A.2 by 3 fixtures (7/25 -> 10/25 once corrected). Any + number produced with a local copy is not comparable to the logged results. + """ + return grounding_score(answer, keywords) + + +def main() -> None: + ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__) + ap.add_argument( + "--buckets", + default="", + help="comma-separated bucket id prefixes; evaluate only fixtures routing to these", + ) + ap.add_argument("--tag", default="", help="suffix for the results filename") + ap.add_argument( + "--fixtures", + default="", + help="alternate fixture JSON (e.g. tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json). " + "Changes the denominator — scores are NOT comparable across fixture sets.", + ) + args = ap.parse_args() + + cfg = Config.load(REPO) + libucks_dir = REPO / ".libucks" + cart_dir = libucks_dir / "kv_cache" + registry = BucketRegistry(libucks_dir / "registry.json") + registry.load() + store = BucketStore(libucks_dir / "buckets") + embedder = EmbeddingService.get_instance(cfg.model.embedding_model) + # A DIFFERENT fixture file means a different denominator. Scores from one are + # not comparable with scores from another, so the choice is explicit and the + # filename is echoed into the results. + fixtures_path = Path(args.fixtures) if args.fixtures else FIXTURES + if not fixtures_path.is_absolute(): + fixtures_path = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / fixtures_path + fixtures = json.loads(fixtures_path.read_text())["fixtures"] + if args.fixtures: + _log(f"fixture set: {fixtures_path.name} ({len(fixtures)} fixtures) — " + f"NOT comparable with the default 25-fixture numbers") + + centroids = registry.get_all_centroids() + bids = list(centroids.keys()) + mat = np.stack([centroids[b] for b in bids]) + + if args.buckets: + want = {b.strip() for b in args.buckets.split(",") if b.strip()} + kept = [] + for fx in fixtures: + bid = bids[int((mat @ embedder.embed(fx["question"])).argmax())] + if any(bid.startswith(w) for w in want): + kept.append(fx) + if not kept: + sys.exit(f"[cm_eval] --buckets matched no fixtures: {sorted(want)}") + _log(f"restricted to {len(kept)}/{len(fixtures)} fixtures routing to {sorted(want)}") + fixtures = kept + + from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer + device = torch.device("mps" if torch.backends.mps.is_available() else "cpu") + _log(f"loading {RECEIVER_ID} on {device} ...") + model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(RECEIVER_ID, dtype=torch.bfloat16).eval().to(device) + tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(RECEIVER_ID) + trainer = CartridgeTrainer(model, tok) + + loaded: dict[str, KVPrefixCartridge] = {} + + def _get_cart(bid: str): + if bid in loaded: + return loaded[bid] + p = cart_dir / f"{bid}.cartridge.safetensors" + if not p.exists(): + loaded[bid] = None + return None + # Read P off the file rather than assuming PREFIX_LEN. The two scripts + # used to restate the constant at each other under reciprocal "MUST + # match" comments; this makes a P sweep evaluable without editing code, + # and a stale constant can no longer silently mis-shape the cartridge. + saved_p = KVPrefixCartridge.read_geometry(p)["prefix_len"] + if saved_p != PREFIX_LEN: + _log(f"{bid[:8]} — cartridge was trained at P={saved_p}, not the " + f"script default {PREFIX_LEN}; using the file's value") + c = KVPrefixCartridge.for_model(model, prefix_len=saved_p, dtype=torch.float32) + c.load(p) + c.to(device) + loaded[bid] = c + return c + + grounded = 0 + multi_grounded = 0 + multi_total = 0 + missing = 0 + rows = [] + for i, fx in enumerate(fixtures, 1): + bid = bids[int((mat @ embedder.embed(fx["question"])).argmax())] + is_multi = bool(fx.get("needs_multi_bucket", False)) + multi_total += int(is_multi) + cart = _get_cart(bid) + if cart is None: + missing += 1 + ans = "" + g = False + else: + ans = trainer.generate_answer(cart, fx["question"], max_new_tokens=EVAL_MAX_NEW_TOKENS, verbatim="") + g = _grounded(ans, fx["answer_keywords"]) + grounded += int(g) + multi_grounded += int(g and is_multi) + rows.append({"id": fx["id"], "bucket": bid[:8], "grounded": g, + "multi": is_multi, "kw": fx["answer_keywords"], "answer": ans}) + _log(f"[{i:2d}/{len(fixtures)}] {fx['id']} b={bid[:8]} grounded={g} :: {ans[:90]!r}") + + n = len(fixtures) + _log("================ CARTRIDGE EVAL ================") + _log(f"cartridge latent-alone grounding: {grounded}/{n} (multi {multi_grounded}/{multi_total})") + _log(f"missing cartridges (ungrounded): {missing}") + if args.buckets: + # Subset run: the /25 gate does not apply. CM-A.2's score on the three + # CM-B.0b spot-check buckets was 2/13 raw, 5/13 under the CM-B.0a metric. + _log("SUBSET RUN — the >=8/25 gate does not apply.") + _log("CM-A.2 baseline on these fixtures: 2/13 old metric, 5/13 CM-B.0a metric") + _log(f"CM-B.0b bar (>= 5/13 is neutral, > 5/13 is improvement): {grounded}/{n}") + else: + _log("reference (0.5B receiver — CROSS-MODEL, not a valid comparison): " + "hybrid 11/25 · text_clean 4/25 · no_context 3/25 · cache_aug_no_verbatim 3/25") + _log(f"GATE (cartridge latent-alone >= 8/25): {'PASS' if grounded >= 8 else 'FAIL'}") + + RESULTS.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + name = f"echoswarm_cartridge_A2{('_' + args.tag) if args.tag else ''}.json" + (RESULTS / name).write_text(json.dumps( + {"grounding": grounded, "n": n, "multi_grounding": multi_grounded, + "multi_total": multi_total, "missing": missing, + "buckets_filter": args.buckets or None, "metric": "cm-b.0a", + "per_question": rows}, indent=2)) + _log(f"wrote {RESULTS / name}") + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main() diff --git a/scripts/cm_floor.py b/scripts/cm_floor.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..73ce3f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/cm_floor.py @@ -0,0 +1,192 @@ +"""No-context floor for the cartridge eval — the number that makes the rest mean something. + +CM-B.0d leaves bc6b90e2's distilled cartridge at 0.67/8 (original fixtures) and +4.33/16 (extension set), each over 3 seeds. Neither is interpretable alone. Two +things could produce 4.33/16 with no memory involved at all: + + * the question leaks its own answer — "what are the five states an agent can be + in?" in an evacuation-simulation context invites guesses like + WAITING/INFORMED/EVACUATING/SAFE, which happen to be correct; + * the base 3B already knows enough about this kind of code to score. + +So this measures three arms on the SAME questions with the SAME decoder: + + floor no prefix at all -> what the model produces cold + random untrained random-init prefix -> does DISTILLATION do anything, or + does any prefix of this shape help? + cartridge the distilled prefix -> the claim + +`cartridge - floor` is the only defensible statement of what the latent channel +contributes. `cartridge - random` separates trained content from the mere +presence of 128 extra attendable positions. + +All three arms call CartridgeTrainer.generate_answer, which takes cartridge=None +for the floor, so tokenisation, prompt template, greedy selection and EOS +handling are shared by construction rather than by careful copying. + +Run: uv run python scripts/cm_floor.py --buckets bc6b90e2 + uv run python scripts/cm_floor.py --buckets bc6b90e2 \ + --fixtures tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import argparse +import json +import os +import sys +from pathlib import Path + +# MUST precede the torch import. Proven causally necessary for any MPS run here. +os.environ.setdefault("PYTORCH_MPS_HIGH_WATERMARK_RATIO", "0.0") + +import numpy as np +import torch + +from libucks.cache_augmentation.cartridge import KVPrefixCartridge +from libucks.config import Config +from libucks.embeddings.embedding_service import EmbeddingService +from libucks.eval_metrics import EVAL_MAX_NEW_TOKENS, grounding_score +from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import BucketRegistry +from libucks.thinking.training.cartridge_trainer import CartridgeTrainer + +REPO = Path("/Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm") +DEFAULT_FIXTURES = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa.json" +RESULTS = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "tests/eval/results/cm" +RECEIVER_ID = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B" + + +def _log(m: str) -> None: + print(f"[cm_floor] {m}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True) + + +def main() -> int: + ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__) + ap.add_argument("--buckets", default="", help="comma-separated bucket id prefixes") + ap.add_argument("--fixtures", default="", help="alternate fixture JSON") + ap.add_argument("--tag", default="", help="suffix for the results filename") + ap.add_argument("--max-new-tokens", type=int, default=EVAL_MAX_NEW_TOKENS, + help="answer budget; defaults to the shared " + "eval_metrics.EVAL_MAX_NEW_TOKENS so this arm and the " + "cartridge eval cannot drift apart") + args = ap.parse_args() + + fx_path = Path(args.fixtures) if args.fixtures else DEFAULT_FIXTURES + if not fx_path.is_absolute(): + fx_path = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / fx_path + fixtures = json.loads(fx_path.read_text())["fixtures"] + + cfg = Config.load(REPO) + d = REPO / ".libucks" + cart_dir = d / "kv_cache" + reg = BucketRegistry(d / "registry.json") + reg.load() + emb = EmbeddingService.get_instance(cfg.model.embedding_model) + cent = reg.get_all_centroids() + bids = list(cent) + mat = np.stack([cent[b] for b in bids]) + + routed = [(f, bids[int((mat @ emb.embed(f["question"])).argmax())]) for f in fixtures] + if args.buckets: + want = {b.strip() for b in args.buckets.split(",") if b.strip()} + routed = [(f, b) for f, b in routed if any(b.startswith(w) for w in want)] + if not routed: + sys.exit("[cm_floor] no fixtures matched") + _log(f"{len(routed)}/{len(fixtures)} fixtures from {fx_path.name}") + + from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer + + device = torch.device("mps" if torch.backends.mps.is_available() else "cpu") + _log(f"loading {RECEIVER_ID} on {device} ...") + model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained( + RECEIVER_ID, dtype=torch.bfloat16 + ).eval().to(device) + tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(RECEIVER_ID) + trainer = CartridgeTrainer(model, tok) + + trained: dict[str, KVPrefixCartridge | None] = {} + randinit: dict[str, KVPrefixCartridge | None] = {} + + def _trained(bid: str): + if bid not in trained: + p = cart_dir / f"{bid}.cartridge.safetensors" + if not p.exists(): + trained[bid] = None + else: + geo = KVPrefixCartridge.read_geometry(p) + c = KVPrefixCartridge(dtype=torch.float32, **geo) + c.load(p) + trained[bid] = c.to(device) + return trained[bid] + + def _random(bid: str): + """Same geometry as the trained cartridge, never distilled.""" + if bid not in randinit: + t = _trained(bid) + if t is None: + randinit[bid] = None + else: + c = KVPrefixCartridge( + n_layers=t.n_layers, n_kv_heads=t.n_kv_heads, + prefix_len=t.prefix_len, head_dim=t.head_dim, + dtype=torch.float32, + ) + randinit[bid] = c.to(device) + return randinit[bid] + + arms = {"floor": 0, "random": 0, "cartridge": 0} + rows = [] + for n, (f, bid) in enumerate(routed, 1): + kw = f["answer_keywords"] + got = {} + for arm in ("floor", "random", "cartridge"): + cart = None if arm == "floor" else ( + _random(bid) if arm == "random" else _trained(bid) + ) + if arm != "floor" and cart is None: + got[arm] = (False, "") + continue + ans = trainer.generate_answer( + cart, f["question"], max_new_tokens=args.max_new_tokens, verbatim="" + ) + g = grounding_score(ans, kw) + arms[arm] += int(g) + got[arm] = (g, ans) + rows.append({"id": f["id"], "bucket": bid, "kw": kw, + **{a: {"grounded": got[a][0], "answer": got[a][1]} for a in got}}) + _log(f"[{n:2}/{len(routed)}] {f['id']:14} " + f"floor={int(got['floor'][0])} random={int(got['random'][0])} " + f"cartridge={int(got['cartridge'][0])}") + + total = len(routed) + _log("=" * 60) + for a in ("floor", "random", "cartridge"): + _log(f"{a:>10}: {arms[a]}/{total}") + _log(f"cartridge - floor = {arms['cartridge'] - arms['floor']:+d}" + " <- what the latent channel contributes") + _log(f"cartridge - random = {arms['cartridge'] - arms['random']:+d}" + " <- what DISTILLATION contributes over an untrained prefix") + if arms["cartridge"] <= arms["floor"]: + _log("VERDICT: the cartridge does not beat having no memory at all. On this " + "bucket the latent channel is inert.") + elif arms["cartridge"] <= arms["random"]: + _log("VERDICT: the cartridge does not beat an UNTRAINED prefix of the same " + "shape. Any gain is from extra attendable positions, not learned content.") + else: + _log("VERDICT: the cartridge beats both floors on this fixture set. " + f"Single-arm draw, n={total}; confirm across seeds before quoting.") + + RESULTS.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + name = f"echoswarm_floor{('_' + args.tag) if args.tag else ''}.json" + out = RESULTS / name + out.write_text(json.dumps({ + "fixtures_file": fx_path.name, "n": total, + "max_new_tokens": args.max_new_tokens, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": arms, "per_question": rows, + }, indent=2)) + _log(f"wrote {out}") + return 0 + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + raise SystemExit(main()) diff --git a/scripts/cm_floor_all_seeds.sh b/scripts/cm_floor_all_seeds.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..7a3ca1f --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/cm_floor_all_seeds.sh @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# Run the three floor arms against EVERY archived cartridge of one config. +# +# The first floor run used whatever happened to be in place (b0d seed 3) and gave +# cartridge - random = +0 on the original 8 fixtures. Single draws have been +# misleading all through this track — a one-fixture difference was twice read as +# signal — so the contrast has to hold across seeds before it is quoted. +# +# cm_floor.py reads .cartridge.safetensors, so each archived draw is +# swapped into place in turn. The original file is saved first and restored on +# exit, including on interrupt, so a crash cannot leave the wrong cartridge +# installed under the canonical name. +set -uo pipefail + +cd /Users/ecaterina/Developer/libucks || exit 1 + +BUCKET="${CM_BUCKET:-bc6b90e2}" +TAG="${CM_TAG:?set CM_TAG, e.g. b0d — selects .cartridge._s.bak}" +SEEDS="${CM_SEEDS:?set CM_SEEDS, e.g. \"1 2 3\"}" +KV=/Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/.libucks/kv_cache +CART="$KV/$BUCKET.cartridge.safetensors" +KEEP="$KV/$BUCKET.cartridge.INPLACE-BEFORE-FLOOR.bak" +EXT=tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json + +log() { echo "[floor-all $(date '+%H:%M:%S')] $*"; } + +[[ -f "$CART" ]] || { log "FATAL: no cartridge at $CART"; exit 1; } +cp "$CART" "$KEEP" +log "saved in-place cartridge -> $(basename "$KEEP")" + +restore() { + if [[ -f "$KEEP" ]]; then + cp "$KEEP" "$CART" && log "restored original in-place cartridge" + fi +} +trap restore EXIT INT TERM + +for SEED in $SEEDS; do + SRC="$KV/$BUCKET.cartridge.${TAG}_s${SEED}.bak" + if [[ ! -f "$SRC" ]]; then + log "seed $SEED SKIPPED — no archive at $(basename "$SRC")" + continue + fi + cp "$SRC" "$CART" + log "seed $SEED installed — running floor (orig 8)" + uv run python scripts/cm_floor.py --buckets "$BUCKET" \ + --tag "${TAG}s${SEED}_orig8" >> cm_floor_all.log 2>&1 + log "seed $SEED — running floor (ext 16)" + uv run python scripts/cm_floor.py --buckets "$BUCKET" --fixtures "$EXT" \ + --tag "${TAG}s${SEED}_ext16" >> cm_floor_all.log 2>&1 + log "seed $SEED done" +done + +log "=== all seeds done ===" +grep -hE "fixtures from|floor:|random:|cartridge:|cartridge -" cm_floor_all.log || true diff --git a/scripts/cm_kv_attn.py b/scripts/cm_kv_attn.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e7fd7b --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/cm_kv_attn.py @@ -0,0 +1,372 @@ +"""Does INFORMED selection compress where dumb selection did not? + +THE STATE OF PLAY. CM-B.0i swept prefix budgets on 26 position-stratified fixtures +and found score ∝ fraction retained: 1/26 at P=128 (35.9×), 6/26 at P=1024 (4.5×), +13/26 with the whole 4,599-token cache. No plateau, no knee. CM-B.0j then confirmed +that 13/26 ceiling is REAL and not a harness artifact — text-in-prompt scores 14/26, +and the 5 disagreements are bidirectional. So the yardstick is trustworthy and the +negative stands. + +But every selector tested was query-AGNOSTIC. kv_first/kv_last/kv_stride are +positional; kv_norm ranks by ‖K‖ and its own comment concedes it is "a cheap stand-in +for attention importance". The literature does not use a stand-in: SnapKV, H2O and +CompressKV keep the positions the ACTUAL QUERY attends to and report 97–99% of +full-cache accuracy at 3–19% budget. We measured 8% of ceiling at 3% budget with a +dumb selector and concluded no mechanism exists. That inference was never tested. + +WHAT A RESULT HERE WOULD MEAN — both directions are informative. + + kv_attn ≫ kv_first The information is concentrated and selection is the + mechanism. This is what SnapKV delivers in production, where + selection rides along on a prefill you must do anyway. + kv_attn ≈ kv_first No subset of that size suffices, so compression at that ratio + is impossible for this content by ANY selection method. A far + stronger and more general negative than "kv_first is bad". + +HONEST SCOPE. Scoring needs the full cache resident, so this arm saves nothing at +measurement time — it buys attention-COMPUTE compression, not STORAGE compression, +and it is not a precomputable per-bucket cartridge. Using the query to select is not +leakage: the query is available at inference and only the question is used, never the +answer. + +TWO THINGS THIS SCRIPT MUST GET RIGHT, both learned the hard way: + +1. `attn_implementation="eager"`. transformers 5.4.0 with SDPA returns + `attentions=()` and does NOT fall back. Unguarded, every score is zero, topk + returns 0..p-1, and kv_attn silently BECOMES kv_first while being reported as + query-aware — it would manufacture the null result it exists to test for. + `select_indices_attn` raises rather than allow that; this script loads eager so it + never fires. +2. Chunked extraction. Eager attention over 4,599 tokens in one forward materialises + a (1, heads, 4599, 4599) matrix per layer. CM-B.0j also measured that one long + forward permanently caches ~4.5 GB that `torch.mps.empty_cache()` will not return, + making the real requirement 12.3 GB against 7.0 GB of tensors. + +MEMORY. Even chunked this needs ~7 GB, most of it the 3B itself. On a 16 GB machine +that means closing the big editors first — CM-B.0j took four launch attempts to learn +that, and `cur`/`driver` are logged per fixture so starvation is distinguishable from +a leak at a glance. + +Run: uv run python scripts/cm_kv_attn.py --buckets 95c8e099 \ + --fixtures tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa_95c8e099_strat.json \ + --prefix-lens 128,256,1024 --tag strat26 +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import argparse +import importlib.util +import json +import os +import sys +import time +from pathlib import Path + +os.environ.setdefault("PYTORCH_MPS_HIGH_WATERMARK_RATIO", "0.0") + +import numpy as np +import torch + +from libucks.cache_augmentation.cartridge import KVPrefixCartridge +from libucks.cache_augmentation.kv_extract import extract_bucket_kv +from libucks.config import Config +from libucks.embeddings.embedding_service import EmbeddingService +from libucks.eval_metrics import EVAL_MAX_NEW_TOKENS, grounding_score +from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import BucketRegistry +from libucks.storage.bucket_store import BucketStore +from libucks.thinking.training.cartridge_trainer import CartridgeTrainer +from libucks.thinking.training.data_generator import _collect_source_text + +REPO = Path("/Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm") +ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent +DEFAULT_FIXTURES = ROOT / "tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa.json" +RESULTS = ROOT / "tests/eval/results/cm" +RECEIVER_ID = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B" +# Per-budget arms. kv_first/kv_norm are query-AGNOSTIC (positional, magnitude); +# kv_attn/kv_attn_L are query-aware, global and per-layer. +SELECTORS = ("kv_first", "kv_norm", "kv_attn", "kv_attn_L") + + +def _log(m: str) -> None: + print(f"[cm_kv_attn] {m}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True) + + +def _out_path(args) -> Path: + RESULTS.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + return RESULTS / f"echoswarm_kvattn{('_' + args.tag) if args.tag else ''}.json" + + +def _dump(out: Path, fx_path: Path, rows: list, scores: dict, lens: list, + sel: list, *, seq_all: int, chunk: int, complete: bool) -> None: + """Write results. Called after EVERY fixture so a mid-run kill keeps its data. + + Three sweeps have now degraded under memory pressure, and writing only at the + end meant a kill at fixture 20 discarded 20 fixtures of paired data — which is + most of the statistical power this experiment exists to buy. + + Temp-file-and-rename, because being killed *during* the write would otherwise + leave truncated JSON where a partial-but-valid file should be, turning "some + data" into "no data" — exactly the failure this is meant to prevent. + + `complete` tells a reader whether the totals are final or the file is a + snapshot whose per-question rows are trustworthy but whose scores are partial. + """ + tmp = out.with_suffix(".json.tmp") + tmp.write_text(json.dumps({ + "fixtures_file": fx_path.name, "n": len(rows), "seq_len": seq_all, + "prefix_lens": lens, "selectors": sel, "chunk_tokens": chunk, + "attn_implementation": "eager", + "max_new_tokens": EVAL_MAX_NEW_TOKENS, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "complete": complete, + "scores": scores, "per_question": rows, + }, indent=2)) + tmp.replace(out) + + +def _parse_lens(s: str) -> list[int]: + out = set() + for part in s.split(","): + part = part.strip() + if not part: + continue + v = int(part) + if v <= 0: + raise ValueError(f"prefix length must be positive, got {v}") + out.add(v) + if not out: + raise ValueError("no prefix lengths given") + return sorted(out) + + +def main() -> int: + ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__) + ap.add_argument("--buckets", default="") + ap.add_argument("--fixtures", default="") + ap.add_argument("--tag", default="") + ap.add_argument("--prefix-lens", default="128,256,1024") + ap.add_argument("--chunk-tokens", type=int, default=512, + help="cache is built in segments of this size; required because " + "eager attention over the whole bucket at once is huge") + ap.add_argument("--verbatim-chars", type=int, default=10 ** 9) + ap.add_argument("--selectors", default=",".join(SELECTORS), + help="which per-budget arms to run. Default is all four. A " + "sweep over many budgets should usually narrow this: " + "arms = 3 + len(selectors) * len(prefix_lens), and every " + "arm costs one generation per fixture, so four selectors " + "over six budgets is 702 generations.") + args = ap.parse_args() + + sel = [s.strip() for s in args.selectors.split(",") if s.strip()] + unknown = [s for s in sel if s not in SELECTORS] + if unknown: + sys.exit(f"[cm_kv_attn] unknown selector(s) {unknown}; " + f"choose from {list(SELECTORS)}") + if not sel: + sys.exit("[cm_kv_attn] no selectors given") + + lens = _parse_lens(args.prefix_lens) + fx_path = Path(args.fixtures) if args.fixtures else DEFAULT_FIXTURES + if not fx_path.is_absolute(): + fx_path = ROOT / fx_path + fixtures = json.loads(fx_path.read_text())["fixtures"] + + cfg = Config.load(REPO) + d = REPO / ".libucks" + reg = BucketRegistry(d / "registry.json") + reg.load() + store = BucketStore(d / "buckets") + emb = EmbeddingService.get_instance(cfg.model.embedding_model) + cent = reg.get_all_centroids() + bids = list(cent) + mat = np.stack([cent[b] for b in bids]) + + def _target(f): + declared = f.get("bucket") + if declared: + for b in bids: + if b.startswith(declared): + return b + sys.exit(f"[cm_kv_attn] {f['id']} declares unknown bucket {declared!r}") + return bids[int((mat @ emb.embed(f["question"])).argmax())] + + routed = [(f, _target(f)) for f in fixtures] + if args.buckets: + want = {b.strip() for b in args.buckets.split(",") if b.strip()} + routed = [(f, b) for f, b in routed if any(b.startswith(w) for w in want)] + if not routed: + sys.exit("[cm_kv_attn] no fixtures matched") + buckets = sorted({b for _, b in routed}) + _log(f"{len(routed)}/{len(fixtures)} fixtures from {fx_path.name}; P {lens}") + + from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer + + device = torch.device("mps" if torch.backends.mps.is_available() else "cpu") + # EAGER IS MANDATORY — see the module docstring. SDPA yields attentions=() on + # transformers 5.4.0 and kv_attn would silently degrade to kv_first. + _log(f"loading {RECEIVER_ID} on {device} with attn_implementation=eager ...") + model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained( + RECEIVER_ID, dtype=torch.bfloat16, attn_implementation="eager" + ).eval().to(device) + tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(RECEIVER_ID) + trainer = CartridgeTrainer(model, tok) + + def _mem() -> str: + if device.type != "mps": + return "" + parts = [] + for lbl, fn in (("cur", getattr(torch.mps, "current_allocated_memory", None)), + ("driver", getattr(torch.mps, "driver_allocated_memory", None))): + if fn is not None: + try: + parts.append(f"{lbl}={fn() / 2 ** 20:.0f}MB") + except Exception: + pass + return " ".join(parts) + + spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location( + "cm_kv_prune", Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "cm_kv_prune.py") + kp = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec) + spec.loader.exec_module(kp) + + prep: dict[str, dict] = {} + for bid in buckets: + fm, _ = store.read(bid) + verbatim = _collect_source_text(fm, max_chars=args.verbatim_chars) or "" + flat = extract_bucket_kv(model, tok, verbatim, + max_tokens=max(1024, max(lens), 8192), + chunk_tokens=args.chunk_tokens) + seq = int(flat[kp.layer_keys(flat)[0][0]].shape[2]) + tmpl = KVPrefixCartridge( + n_layers=len(kp.layer_keys(flat)), + n_kv_heads=flat[kp.layer_keys(flat)[0][0]].shape[1], + prefix_len=1, head_dim=flat[kp.layer_keys(flat)[0][0]].shape[3], + dtype=torch.float32) + + p_file = d / "kv_cache" / f"{bid}.cartridge.safetensors" + trained = None + if p_file.exists(): + geo = KVPrefixCartridge.read_geometry(p_file) + trained = KVPrefixCartridge(dtype=torch.float32, **geo) + trained.load(p_file) + trained.to(device) + + # Query-AGNOSTIC arms and the full cache do not depend on the query, so + # build them once. kv_norm is the strongest dumb baseline and the fair + # comparison for kv_attn: both rank positions, one just cannot see the query. + agnostic = {} + for P in lens: + for how in ("kv_first", "kv_norm"): + if how in sel: + agnostic[(how, P)] = kp.cartridge_from_selection( + flat, kp.select_indices(flat, how, P), tmpl, device) + full = kp.cartridge_from_selection( + flat, list(range(seq)), tmpl, device) + + prep[bid] = {"flat": flat, "seq": seq, "tmpl": tmpl, "trained": trained, + "agnostic": agnostic, "full": full} + _log(f"{bid[:8]} — seq_len={seq} (chunked at {args.chunk_tokens}); " + f"built {len(agnostic)} agnostic arms + full cache {_mem()}") + + arms = ["floor", "full_cache"] + if any(prep[b]["trained"] is not None for b in buckets): + arms.append("cartridge") + for P in lens: + arms += [f"{s}@{P}" for s in sel] + scores = dict.fromkeys(arms, 0) + _log(f"{len(arms)} arms x {len(routed)} fixtures = " + f"{len(arms) * len(routed)} generations; selectors {sel}") + rows = [] + + for n, (f, bid) in enumerate(routed, 1): + kw, q = f["answer_keywords"], f["question"] + pk = prep[bid] + # ONE scoring forward per fixture, reused for every budget and both modes. + t0 = time.perf_counter() + s = kp.attn_scores(model, tok, pk["flat"], q, device=device, trainer=trainer) + _log(f" [{n:2}/{len(routed)}] {f['id']} scored in " + f"{time.perf_counter() - t0:.1f}s {_mem()}") + + plan = [("floor", None), ("full_cache", pk["full"])] + if pk["trained"] is not None: + plan.append(("cartridge", pk["trained"])) + for P in lens: + for how in sel: + if how in ("kv_first", "kv_norm"): + cart = pk["agnostic"][(how, P)] + elif how == "kv_attn": + cart = kp.cartridge_from_selection( + pk["flat"], kp.select_from_scores(s, P), pk["tmpl"], device) + else: # kv_attn_L + cart = kp.cartridge_from_per_layer_selection( + pk["flat"], kp.select_from_scores(s, P, per_layer=True), + pk["tmpl"], device) + plan.append((f"{how}@{P}", cart)) + + row = {"id": f["id"], "bucket": bid, "kw": kw} + for name, cart in plan: + t0 = time.perf_counter() + ans = trainer.generate_answer(cart, q, + max_new_tokens=EVAL_MAX_NEW_TOKENS, + verbatim="") + g = grounding_score(ans, kw) + scores[name] += int(g) + row[name] = {"grounded": g, "answer": ans} + # Per-ARM heartbeat, not per-fixture. A 15-arm fixture can run many + # minutes, and with only a per-fixture line a healthy-but-slow run is + # indistinguishable from a wedged one — a stall watchdog killed a + # perfectly good sweep for exactly that reason. Emitting here makes the + # log grow steadily and yields per-arm timings for future estimates. + _log(f" {f['id']} {name:16} g={int(g)} " + f"{time.perf_counter() - t0:5.1f}s") + row["mem"] = _mem() + rows.append(row) + _dump(_out_path(args), fx_path, rows, scores, lens, sel, + seq_all=pk["seq"], chunk=args.chunk_tokens, complete=False) + _log(f"[{n:2}/{len(routed)}] {f['id']:14} " + + " ".join(f"{k}={int(row[k]['grounded'])}" for k, _ in plan) + + f" {row['mem']}") + if device.type == "mps": + torch.mps.empty_cache() + + total = len(rows) + seq = prep[buckets[0]]["seq"] + _log("=" * 78) + _log(f"floor {scores['floor']}/{total}") + _log(f"full cache {scores['full_cache']}/{total} (the CEILING, 1.0x)") + if "cartridge" in scores: + _log(f"cartridge {scores['cartridge']}/{total}") + _log("-" * 78) + aware = [s for s in sel if s.startswith("kv_attn")] + dumb = [s for s in sel if not s.startswith("kv_attn")] + hdr = f"{'P':>6}{'ratio':>9}" + "".join(f"{s:>13}" for s in sel) + if aware and dumb: + hdr += f"{'aware-dumb':>12}" + _log(hdr) + + def _best(names, P): + return max((scores[f"{s}@{P}"] for s in names), default=0) + + for P in lens: + line = f"{P:>6}{seq / P:>8.1f}x" + "".join( + f"{scores[f'{s}@{P}']:>8}/{total}" for s in sel) + if aware and dumb: + line += f"{_best(aware, P) - _best(dumb, P):>+12}" + _log(line) + _log("-" * 78) + best = max(lens, key=lambda P: _best(aware or sel, P)) + bv = _best(aware or sel, best) + ceil = scores["full_cache"] + _log(f"best query-aware: P={best} at {bv}/{total} = " + f"{(100 * bv / ceil) if ceil else 0:.0f}% of the {ceil}/{total} ceiling " + f"at {seq / best:.1f}x compression") + _log("CM-B.0i's dumb selector reached 8% of ceiling at 35.9x. Above that is a " + "mechanism; level with it is a much stronger negative.") + + _dump(_out_path(args), fx_path, rows, scores, lens, sel, seq_all=seq, + chunk=args.chunk_tokens, complete=True) + _log(f"wrote {_out_path(args)}") + return 0 + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + raise SystemExit(main()) diff --git a/scripts/cm_kv_prune.py b/scripts/cm_kv_prune.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c15232f --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/cm_kv_prune.py @@ -0,0 +1,384 @@ +"""Training-free KV-cache selection vs. a distilled cartridge. + +THE QUESTION. Distillation has to *relearn* the bucket's identifiers from a few +thousand supervised tokens; a slice of the REAL KV cache already contains their +activations. If some training-free selection of the real cache matches or beats a +90-minute distill, then cartridges are the wrong mechanism for this problem and the +simpler answer wins. + +That is not a hypothetical concern. CM-B.0f showed P was the binding constraint, +and bc6b90e2's verbatim is only ~1009 tokens — so at P=384 the "compression" is +2.6x and at P=768 it is 1.3x. As P approaches seq_len a learned prefix stops +compressing the cache and starts merely reparameterising it, and cache pruning +(SnapKV / H2O / StreamingLLM in the literature) is the established, gradient-free +way to do that. + +ARMS, all at the same P as the trained cartridge, all sharing one decode loop: + + floor no prefix the guessing baseline + kv_first real cache, first P positions == what init_from_extracted_kv does, + i.e. the UNTRAINED warm start whose + score has never been measured here + kv_last real cache, last P recency + kv_stride real cache, every k-th position uniform coverage of the document + kv_norm real cache, top P by ||K|| cheap importance proxy, no attention + rollout needed + cartridge the distilled prefix the incumbent + +Every arm is loaded into a KVPrefixCartridge and generated through +CartridgeTrainer.generate_answer, so tokenisation, prompt, greedy selection and +mask construction are identical across arms by construction — the same discipline +that made cm_floor's deltas attributable. + +Run: uv run python scripts/cm_kv_prune.py --buckets bc6b90e2 + uv run python scripts/cm_kv_prune.py --buckets bc6b90e2 \ + --fixtures tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import argparse +import json +import os +import sys +from pathlib import Path + +os.environ.setdefault("PYTORCH_MPS_HIGH_WATERMARK_RATIO", "0.0") + +import numpy as np +import torch + +from libucks.cache_augmentation.cartridge import KVPrefixCartridge +from libucks.cache_augmentation.kv_extract import extract_bucket_kv +from libucks.config import Config +from libucks.embeddings.embedding_service import EmbeddingService +from libucks.eval_metrics import EVAL_MAX_NEW_TOKENS, grounding_score +from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import BucketRegistry +from libucks.storage.bucket_store import BucketStore +from libucks.thinking.training.cartridge_trainer import CartridgeTrainer +from libucks.thinking.training.data_generator import _collect_source_text + +REPO = Path("/Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm") +DEFAULT_FIXTURES = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa.json" +RESULTS = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "tests/eval/results/cm" +RECEIVER_ID = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B" +SELECTORS = ("kv_first", "kv_last", "kv_stride", "kv_norm") +ARMS = ("floor",) + SELECTORS + ("cartridge",) + + +def _log(m: str) -> None: + print(f"[cm_kv_prune] {m}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True) + + +def layer_keys(flat: dict[str, torch.Tensor]) -> list[tuple[str, str]]: + """[(K key, V key)] in layer order, ignoring the _meta_* scalars.""" + n = sum(1 for k in flat if k.endswith("_K") and not k.startswith("_meta")) + return [(f"layer_{i}_K", f"layer_{i}_V") for i in range(n)] + + +def select_indices(flat: dict[str, torch.Tensor], how: str, p: int) -> list[int]: + """Positions of the real cache to keep. Deterministic for every selector.""" + kk, _ = layer_keys(flat)[0] + seq = int(flat[kk].shape[2]) + p = min(p, seq) + if how == "kv_first": + return list(range(p)) + if how == "kv_last": + return list(range(seq - p, seq)) + if how == "kv_stride": + # Uniform coverage including both endpoints, so the tail of the document + # is represented — the failure mode kv_first cannot avoid. + return sorted({int(round(i * (seq - 1) / max(1, p - 1))) for i in range(p)}) + if how == "kv_norm": + # ||K|| summed over layers and heads. A cheap stand-in for attention + # importance that needs no second forward pass. Position order is + # preserved after selection: shuffling positions would scramble the + # relative ordering the model's RoPE-encoded keys still carry. + score = None + for kkey, _v in layer_keys(flat): + k = flat[kkey].float() # (1, heads, seq, dim) + n = k.norm(dim=-1).sum(dim=1)[0] # (seq,) + score = n if score is None else score + n + top = torch.topk(score, k=p).indices.tolist() + return sorted(top) + raise ValueError(f"unknown selector {how!r}") + + +def attn_scores(model, tokenizer, flat: dict[str, torch.Tensor], query: str, *, + device, trainer=None) -> torch.Tensor: + """(n_layers, seq) attention mass per cache position, from ONE forward. + + Split out from select_indices_attn so a caller sweeping several budgets, or + wanting both global and per-layer selection, pays for the expensive full-cache + forward once instead of once per variant. The scores do not depend on p. + """ + return _attn_scores_impl(model, tokenizer, flat, query, device=device, + trainer=trainer) + + +def select_from_scores(scores: torch.Tensor, p: int, *, per_layer: bool = False): + """Top-p positions from precomputed scores, ascending. See select_indices_attn + for why order matters (RoPE phase) and why per_layer exists (SnapKV).""" + seq = int(scores.shape[1]) + p = min(p, seq) + if per_layer: + return [sorted(torch.topk(s, k=p).indices.tolist()) for s in scores] + return sorted(torch.topk(scores.sum(dim=0), k=p).indices.tolist()) + + +def select_indices_attn(model, tokenizer, flat: dict[str, torch.Tensor], p: int, + query: str, *, device, per_layer: bool = False, + trainer=None): + """Positions the ACTUAL QUERY attends to — the SnapKV/H2O family. + + Every other selector here is query-agnostic: kv_first/kv_last/kv_stride are + positional and kv_norm is ||K|| magnitude, described in its own comment as "a + cheap stand-in for attention importance". This is the real thing, and it is the + mechanism CM-B.0i never tested before concluding compression does not work. + + Method: attach the FULL cache, forward only the query tokens with + output_attentions=True, and score each cache position by its attention mass + summed over heads and query positions. Global mode sums over layers too and + returns one index list; per_layer=True keeps each layer's own top-p, which is + what SnapKV actually does — layers attend to different things. + + Scoring needs the whole cache resident, so this arm saves nothing at measurement + time. It answers "do P well-chosen positions suffice?", which is the question + that matters: a NO here is a far stronger negative than "kv_first is bad", since + it would rule out compression at that ratio by ANY selection method. + + Positions are returned ascending. The cache's keys carry RoPE phase from their + original positions, so reordering them scrambles the geometry the model decodes + against — the same reason every selector above sorts. + """ + scores = _attn_scores_impl(model, tokenizer, flat, query, device=device, + trainer=trainer) + return select_from_scores(scores, p, per_layer=per_layer) + + +def _attn_scores_impl(model, tokenizer, flat, query, *, device, trainer=None): + keys = layer_keys(flat) + seq = int(flat[keys[0][0]].shape[2]) + + from libucks.cache_augmentation.kv_extract import restore_dynamic_cache + + cache = restore_dynamic_cache(flat, device) + prompt = trainer._q_text(query, "") if trainer is not None \ + else f"Question: {query.strip()}\nAnswer:" + q_ids = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt")["input_ids"].to(device) + attn_mask = torch.ones(1, seq + q_ids.shape[1], dtype=torch.long, device=device) + + with torch.inference_mode(False), torch.no_grad(): + out = model(input_ids=q_ids, past_key_values=cache, + attention_mask=attn_mask, use_cache=True, + output_attentions=True) + + # SDPA and flash kernels do not produce attention weights. transformers is + # supposed to fall back to eager when output_attentions=True, but if it instead + # hands back None the scores would silently be zeros and topk would return + # positions 0..p-1 — i.e. kv_attn would degenerate into kv_first while still + # being reported as query-aware. Fail loudly instead. + attns = getattr(out, "attentions", None) + if not attns or any(a is None for a in attns): + raise RuntimeError( + "model returned no attention weights, so query-aware selection would " + "silently degenerate into kv_first. Load the model with " + "attn_implementation='eager' for this arm." + ) + if len(attns) != len(keys): + raise RuntimeError( + f"got {len(attns)} attention tensors for {len(keys)} cache layers" + ) + + # (1, heads, q_len, seq + q_len) per layer. Slice to :seq — attention to the + # query's OWN positions is not selectable and would index off the cache. + per_layer_scores = [] + for a in attns: + s = a.float()[0, :, :, :seq].sum(dim=(0, 1)) # -> (seq,) + per_layer_scores.append(s) + + return torch.stack(per_layer_scores) # (n_layers, seq) + + +def cartridge_from_per_layer_selection(flat, idx_per_layer: list[list[int]], + template: KVPrefixCartridge, + device) -> KVPrefixCartridge: + """Build a cartridge whose slots differ PER LAYER. + + cartridge_from_selection shares one index set across all layers, which cannot + express SnapKV-style selection where each layer keeps what it individually + attends to. Geometry still has to be rectangular, so ragged input is an error + rather than something to pad — padding would fabricate positions the selector + never chose. + """ + keys = layer_keys(flat) + if len(idx_per_layer) != len(keys): + raise ValueError( + f"got {len(idx_per_layer)} index lists for {len(keys)} layer(s)" + ) + lens = {len(x) for x in idx_per_layer} + if len(lens) != 1: + raise ValueError( + f"every layer must select the same length; got {sorted(lens)}" + ) + p = lens.pop() + c = KVPrefixCartridge( + n_layers=template.n_layers, n_kv_heads=template.n_kv_heads, + prefix_len=p, head_dim=template.head_dim, dtype=torch.float32, + ) + with torch.no_grad(): + for i, (kkey, vkey) in enumerate(keys): + sel = torch.tensor(idx_per_layer[i], dtype=torch.long) + c.k[i].copy_(flat[kkey].float().index_select(2, sel)) + c.v[i].copy_(flat[vkey].float().index_select(2, sel)) + return c.to(device) + + +def cartridge_from_selection(flat, idx: list[int], template: KVPrefixCartridge, + device) -> KVPrefixCartridge: + """Build a cartridge whose slots ARE the chosen real-cache positions.""" + c = KVPrefixCartridge( + n_layers=template.n_layers, n_kv_heads=template.n_kv_heads, + prefix_len=len(idx), head_dim=template.head_dim, dtype=torch.float32, + ) + sel = torch.tensor(idx, dtype=torch.long) + with torch.no_grad(): + for i, (kkey, vkey) in enumerate(layer_keys(flat)): + c.k[i].copy_(flat[kkey].float().index_select(2, sel)) + c.v[i].copy_(flat[vkey].float().index_select(2, sel)) + return c.to(device) + + +def main() -> int: + ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__) + ap.add_argument("--buckets", default="", help="comma-separated bucket id prefixes") + ap.add_argument("--fixtures", default="", help="alternate fixture JSON") + ap.add_argument("--tag", default="", help="suffix for the results filename") + ap.add_argument("--prefix-len", type=int, default=0, + help="P for the training-free arms; defaults to the trained " + "cartridge's own P so the arms are matched on capacity") + args = ap.parse_args() + + fx_path = Path(args.fixtures) if args.fixtures else DEFAULT_FIXTURES + if not fx_path.is_absolute(): + fx_path = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / fx_path + fixtures = json.loads(fx_path.read_text())["fixtures"] + + cfg = Config.load(REPO) + d = REPO / ".libucks" + cart_dir = d / "kv_cache" + reg = BucketRegistry(d / "registry.json") + reg.load() + store = BucketStore(d / "buckets") + emb = EmbeddingService.get_instance(cfg.model.embedding_model) + cent = reg.get_all_centroids() + bids = list(cent) + mat = np.stack([cent[b] for b in bids]) + + routed = [(f, bids[int((mat @ emb.embed(f["question"])).argmax())]) for f in fixtures] + if args.buckets: + want = {b.strip() for b in args.buckets.split(",") if b.strip()} + routed = [(f, b) for f, b in routed if any(b.startswith(w) for w in want)] + if not routed: + sys.exit("[cm_kv_prune] no fixtures matched") + buckets = sorted({b for _, b in routed}) + _log(f"{len(routed)}/{len(fixtures)} fixtures from {fx_path.name}, " + f"{len(buckets)} bucket(s)") + + from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer + + device = torch.device("mps" if torch.backends.mps.is_available() else "cpu") + _log(f"loading {RECEIVER_ID} on {device} ...") + model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained( + RECEIVER_ID, dtype=torch.bfloat16 + ).eval().to(device) + tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(RECEIVER_ID) + trainer = CartridgeTrainer(model, tok) + + prepared: dict[str, dict] = {} + for bid in buckets: + p_file = cart_dir / f"{bid}.cartridge.safetensors" + if not p_file.exists(): + _log(f"{bid[:8]} — no trained cartridge; skipping bucket") + continue + geo = KVPrefixCartridge.read_geometry(p_file) + trained = KVPrefixCartridge(dtype=torch.float32, **geo) + trained.load(p_file) + trained.to(device) + P = args.prefix_len or geo["prefix_len"] + + fm, _ = store.read(bid) + verbatim = _collect_source_text(fm, max_chars=4096) or "" + flat = extract_bucket_kv(model, tok, verbatim, max_tokens=max(1024, P)) + seq = int(flat[layer_keys(flat)[0][0]].shape[2]) + _log(f"{bid[:8]} — P={P}, real cache seq_len={seq} " + f"({seq / max(1, P):.2f}x compression)") + + arms = {"cartridge": trained} + for how in SELECTORS: + idx = select_indices(flat, how, P) + arms[how] = cartridge_from_selection(flat, idx, trained, device) + prepared[bid] = {"arms": arms, "P": P, "seq": seq} + del flat + if device.type == "mps": + torch.mps.empty_cache() + + if not prepared: + sys.exit("[cm_kv_prune] no bucket had a trained cartridge to compare against") + + scores = {a: 0 for a in ARMS} + rows = [] + for n, (f, bid) in enumerate(routed, 1): + if bid not in prepared: + continue + kw = f["answer_keywords"] + row = {"id": f["id"], "bucket": bid, "kw": kw} + for a in ARMS: + cart = None if a == "floor" else prepared[bid]["arms"][a] + ans = trainer.generate_answer(cart, f["question"], + max_new_tokens=EVAL_MAX_NEW_TOKENS, + verbatim="") + g = grounding_score(ans, kw) + scores[a] += int(g) + row[a] = {"grounded": g, "answer": ans} + rows.append(row) + _log(f"[{n:2}/{len(routed)}] {f['id']:14} " + + " ".join(f"{a}={int(row[a]['grounded'])}" for a in ARMS)) + + total = len(rows) + _log("=" * 66) + for a in ARMS: + delta = scores[a] - scores["floor"] + _log(f"{a:>10}: {scores[a]}/{total} vs floor {delta:+d}") + best_free = max(SELECTORS, key=lambda a: scores[a]) + _log("-" * 66) + if scores[best_free] > scores["cartridge"]: + _log(f"VERDICT: training-free {best_free} ({scores[best_free]}/{total}) BEATS the " + f"distilled cartridge ({scores['cartridge']}/{total}). A 90-minute distill " + f"is being outperformed by slicing the real cache.") + elif scores[best_free] == scores["cartridge"]: + _log(f"VERDICT: training-free {best_free} MATCHES the cartridge " + f"({scores['cartridge']}/{total}) — distillation is buying nothing over " + f"cache selection at this P.") + else: + _log(f"VERDICT: the cartridge ({scores['cartridge']}/{total}) beats the best " + f"training-free arm ({best_free} {scores[best_free]}/{total}); " + f"distillation earns its cost. n={total}, single draw.") + _log("Note: kv_first is exactly the untrained warm start init_from_extracted_kv " + "produces, so cartridge - kv_first is what the gradient steps actually add.") + + RESULTS.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + out = RESULTS / f"echoswarm_kvprune{('_' + args.tag) if args.tag else ''}.json" + out.write_text(json.dumps({ + "fixtures_file": fx_path.name, "n": total, + "prefix_len": {b: prepared[b]["P"] for b in prepared}, + "seq_len": {b: prepared[b]["seq"] for b in prepared}, + "max_new_tokens": EVAL_MAX_NEW_TOKENS, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": scores, "per_question": rows, + }, indent=2)) + _log(f"wrote {out}") + return 0 + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + raise SystemExit(main()) diff --git a/scripts/cm_kv_sweep.py b/scripts/cm_kv_sweep.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b3f56fa --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/cm_kv_sweep.py @@ -0,0 +1,384 @@ +"""How far can a raw KV-cache prefix be truncated before it stops working? + +HISTORY — read this before trusting any curve this script prints. CM-B.0h ran it +on the bc6b90e2 extension set and reported graceful degradation (13/16 at P=768, +12/16 at P=384, 8/16 at P=128 = 7.9x compression), concluding that raw cache +prefixes compress and that training degrades its own warm start. CM-B.0i +RETRACTED both conclusions: those fixtures clustered in the head of the file, so +`kv_first` won by construction — the scores tracked the count of fixtures whose +keywords fall inside the first P tokens, not any compression property. On the +position-stratified 95c8e099 set the curve flattened into plain proportional +decay (8% of ceiling at 36x, 46% at 4.5x, no plateau anywhere). + +So this script maps a curve; it does NOT establish that the curve means +compression. That requires fixtures whose target facts are spread across the +whole document — see tests/unit/test_fixture_stratification.py. + +THE CEILING CONTROL (added 2026-07-30). CM-B.0i's ceiling was 13/26: barely half, +with the ENTIRE bucket in cache. Every compression number is a fraction of that, +so if the ceiling is itself an artifact, the whole log is measured against a bent +ruler. The `text` arm settles it by feeding the same bucket text as prompt tokens +the model reads with full attention: + + text ~= kv_first@ -> ceiling is real (model- or fixture-bound) + text >> kv_first@ -> the cache path is lossy; redo the sweep + +It is the one arm here whose prompt is large, and therefore the only one that +could be silently truncated. generate_answer now raises instead; the budget is +computed from the actual fixtures below and logged. + +EFFICIENCY. floor and cartridge do not depend on P, so they are generated ONCE. +The real cache is extracted once per bucket and re-sliced per P. Only the kv_first +arm repeats, which turns an O(P values x arms) sweep into O(P values). + +DETERMINISM. The training-free arms have no seed and no optimiser, so their only +variance is MPS decode noise. That is a categorical improvement over the +cartridges, whose fixture scores spread by 3-4 across seeds. + +Run: uv run python scripts/cm_kv_sweep.py --buckets bc6b90e2 \ + --prefix-lens 32,64,128,256,384,512,768 +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import argparse +import json +import os +import sys +from pathlib import Path + +os.environ.setdefault("PYTORCH_MPS_HIGH_WATERMARK_RATIO", "0.0") + +import numpy as np +import torch + +from libucks.cache_augmentation.cartridge import KVPrefixCartridge +from libucks.cache_augmentation.kv_extract import extract_bucket_kv +from libucks.config import Config +from libucks.embeddings.embedding_service import EmbeddingService +from libucks.eval_metrics import EVAL_MAX_NEW_TOKENS, grounding_score +from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import BucketRegistry +from libucks.storage.bucket_store import BucketStore +from libucks.thinking.training.cartridge_trainer import ( + MAX_PROMPT_TOKENS, + CartridgeTrainer, +) +from libucks.thinking.training.data_generator import _collect_source_text + +REPO = Path("/Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm") +DEFAULT_FIXTURES = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa.json" +RESULTS = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "tests/eval/results/cm" +RECEIVER_ID = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B" + + +def _log(m: str) -> None: + print(f"[cm_kv_sweep] {m}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True) + + +def parse_lens(s: str) -> list[int]: + """Ascending, deduplicated, positive. Rejects junk loudly rather than + silently sweeping a subset of what the caller asked for.""" + out = set() + for part in s.split(","): + part = part.strip() + if not part: + continue + v = int(part) + if v <= 0: + raise ValueError(f"prefix length must be positive, got {v}") + out.add(v) + if not out: + raise ValueError("no prefix lengths given") + return sorted(out) + + +def main() -> int: + ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__) + ap.add_argument("--buckets", default="", help="comma-separated bucket id prefixes") + ap.add_argument("--fixtures", default="", help="alternate fixture JSON") + ap.add_argument("--tag", default="", help="suffix for the results filename") + ap.add_argument("--prefix-lens", default="32,64,128,256,384,512,768", + help="comma-separated P values for the kv_first arm") + ap.add_argument("--verbatim-chars", type=int, default=10 ** 9, + help="bucket text budget. Defaults to UNBOUNDED: raw cache " + "extraction is not limited by the teacher context window " + "that motivated the 4096 cap elsewhere.") + args = ap.parse_args() + + lens = parse_lens(args.prefix_lens) + fx_path = Path(args.fixtures) if args.fixtures else DEFAULT_FIXTURES + if not fx_path.is_absolute(): + fx_path = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / fx_path + fixtures = json.loads(fx_path.read_text())["fixtures"] + + cfg = Config.load(REPO) + d = REPO / ".libucks" + cart_dir = d / "kv_cache" + reg = BucketRegistry(d / "registry.json") + reg.load() + store = BucketStore(d / "buckets") + emb = EmbeddingService.get_instance(cfg.model.embedding_model) + cent = reg.get_all_centroids() + bids = list(cent) + mat = np.stack([cent[b] for b in bids]) + + # A fixture may pin its bucket. The stratified set does, because routing is a + # separate concern already measured elsewhere: 14 of its 20 questions route + # away from simulation.py, which would silently drop them and make a + # cache-content result depend on retrieval quality. + def _target(f): + declared = f.get("bucket") + if declared: + for b in bids: + if b.startswith(declared): + return b + sys.exit(f"[cm_kv_sweep] fixture {f['id']} declares unknown bucket {declared!r}") + return bids[int((mat @ emb.embed(f["question"])).argmax())] + + routed = [(f, _target(f)) for f in fixtures] + n_pinned = sum(1 for f in fixtures if f.get("bucket")) + if n_pinned: + _log(f"{n_pinned}/{len(fixtures)} fixtures pin their bucket explicitly " + f"(routing bypassed by design)") + if args.buckets: + want = {b.strip() for b in args.buckets.split(",") if b.strip()} + routed = [(f, b) for f, b in routed if any(b.startswith(w) for w in want)] + if not routed: + sys.exit("[cm_kv_sweep] no fixtures matched") + buckets = sorted({b for _, b in routed}) + _log(f"{len(routed)}/{len(fixtures)} fixtures from {fx_path.name}; P sweep {lens}") + + from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer + + device = torch.device("mps" if torch.backends.mps.is_available() else "cpu") + _log(f"loading {RECEIVER_ID} on {device} ...") + model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained( + RECEIVER_ID, dtype=torch.bfloat16 + ).eval().to(device) + tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(RECEIVER_ID) + trainer = CartridgeTrainer(model, tok) + + def _mem() -> str: + """Per-fixture MPS accounting. + + Three runs of this sweep died after 0-2 fixtures and I diagnosed it as a + per-fixture leak by INFERENCE, then found that two of the three had + launched with half the memory they needed — so the inference was + unsupported. This settles it with data instead: if `driver` is flat across + fixtures there is no leak and we are simply memory-starved; if it climbs, + there is a real bug and no amount of headroom will save the run. + + `current` is what tensors hold; `driver` is what PyTorch has taken from the + OS and, with PYTORCH_MPS_HIGH_WATERMARK_RATIO=0.0, never has to give back. + The gap between them is cached-but-unused, which is the suspect. + """ + if device.type != "mps": + return "" + out = [] + for label, fn in (("cur", getattr(torch.mps, "current_allocated_memory", None)), + ("driver", getattr(torch.mps, "driver_allocated_memory", None))): + if fn is not None: + try: + out.append(f"{label}={fn() / 2 ** 20:.0f}MB") + except Exception: + pass + return " ".join(out) + + # Reuse the tested selector/builder from cm_kv_prune rather than duplicating + # the slicing logic — a second copy is how the two grounding scorers drifted. + import importlib.util + spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location( + "cm_kv_prune", Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "cm_kv_prune.py") + kp = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec) + spec.loader.exec_module(kp) + + prep: dict[str, dict] = {} + for bid in buckets: + p_file = cart_dir / f"{bid}.cartridge.safetensors" + trained = None + if p_file.exists(): + geo = KVPrefixCartridge.read_geometry(p_file) + trained = KVPrefixCartridge(dtype=torch.float32, **geo) + trained.load(p_file) + trained.to(device) + fm, _ = store.read(bid) + # FULL bucket text, not the 4096-char cap. That cap existed for the + # distillation teacher's context window; raw cache extraction has no such + # constraint, and inheriting it silently limited a 20,013-char bucket to + # its first 1,021 tokens — defeating the point of choosing a large bucket + # and putting most of the stratified fixtures outside the cache entirely. + verbatim = _collect_source_text(fm, max_chars=args.verbatim_chars) or "" + flat = extract_bucket_kv(model, tok, verbatim, max_tokens=max(1024, max(lens))) + seq = int(flat[kp.layer_keys(flat)[0][0]].shape[2]) + arms = {} + for P in lens: + idx = kp.select_indices(flat, "kv_first", P) + arms[P] = kp.cartridge_from_selection(flat, idx, trained or KVPrefixCartridge( + n_layers=len(kp.layer_keys(flat)), + n_kv_heads=flat[kp.layer_keys(flat)[0][0]].shape[1], + prefix_len=P, + head_dim=flat[kp.layer_keys(flat)[0][0]].shape[3], + dtype=torch.float32), device) + prep[bid] = {"arms": arms, "trained": trained, "seq": seq, + "verbatim": verbatim, + "trained_P": trained.prefix_len if trained else None} + _log(f"{bid[:8]} — real cache seq_len={seq}; built {len(lens)} kv_first arms") + del flat + if device.type == "mps": + torch.mps.empty_cache() + + # ---- ceiling control: prefill the shared verbatim ONCE ------------------- + # The naive form of this arm (one full-length forward per fixture) exhausted + # 16 GB plus 20 GB of swap and wedged after 2 of 26 fixtures. With + # PYTORCH_MPS_HIGH_WATERMARK_RATIO=0.0 — mandatory here — the allocator has no + # ceiling, so 26 large transient attention workspaces swapped instead of + # raising. The verbatim prefix is IDENTICAL across every prompt and only the + # trailing question differs, so it is prefilled once and each fixture forwards + # just its own tail against a fresh copy: one big forward, not 26. + from transformers.cache_utils import DynamicCache + + text_need = max( + len(tok(trainer._q_text(f["question"], prep[bid]["verbatim"]))["input_ids"]) + for f, bid in routed + ) + _log(f"text arm: a single-shot prompt would be {text_need} tokens " + f"(the {MAX_PROMPT_TOKENS} default would have truncated: " + f"{'YES' if text_need > MAX_PROMPT_TOKENS else 'no'}); prefilling the " + f"shared prefix once instead") + + for bid in buckets: + head = prep[bid]["verbatim"] + "\n\n" + head_ids = tok(head)["input_ids"] + # token-exact or nothing: prefilling `head` and forwarding only the tail + # equals the single-shot prompt ONLY if tokenisation is split-invariant at + # the junction. BPE is not split-invariant in general, so check every + # fixture rather than assume, and die loudly if any disagrees — a silent + # off-by-a-token at the seam would shift every position by one and make + # the control incomparable to the arm it is meant to validate. + for f, b in routed: + if b != bid: + continue + full = tok(trainer._q_text(f["question"], prep[bid]["verbatim"]))["input_ids"] + tail = tok(trainer._q_text(f["question"], ""))["input_ids"] + if list(full) != list(head_ids) + list(tail): + sys.exit( + f"[cm_kv_sweep] tokenisation is not split-invariant at the " + f"verbatim/question junction for {f['id']}: " + f"{len(full)} != {len(head_ids)}+{len(tail)}. The one-time " + f"prefill would not equal a single-shot prompt; do not " + f"interpret this arm." + ) + head_pt = tok(head, return_tensors="pt")["input_ids"].to(device) + with torch.no_grad(): + o = model(input_ids=head_pt, + attention_mask=torch.ones_like(head_pt), use_cache=True) + # Keep only the tensors. Holding the DynamicCache itself would keep the + # whole model output graph alive alongside it. + prep[bid]["text_kv"] = [(L.keys.detach(), L.values.detach()) + for L in o.past_key_values.layers] + prep[bid]["text_len"] = int(head_pt.shape[1]) + del o + if device.type == "mps": + torch.mps.empty_cache() + _log(f"{bid[:8]} — text control prefilled: {prep[bid]['text_len']} tokens " + f"(verbatim + separator), token-exact split verified on " + f"{sum(1 for _, b in routed if b == bid)} fixtures {_mem()}") + + def _text_factory(bid: str): + """Fresh DynamicCache per generation. + + `.clone()` is deliberate. DynamicCache currently replaces its per-layer + tensors on update rather than mutating them, so the master would probably + survive being shared — but 'probably' rests on a transformers internal, + and the failure mode is silent: fixture N's decoded answer would become + part of fixture N+1's prefix. 170 MB of transient copy is the cheaper + side of that trade. + """ + kv, n = prep[bid]["text_kv"], prep[bid]["text_len"] + + def factory(): + c = DynamicCache() + for i, (k, v) in enumerate(kv): + c.update(k.clone(), v.clone(), layer_idx=i) + return c, n + + return factory + + factories = {bid: _text_factory(bid) for bid in buckets} + + scores = {"floor": 0, "text": 0, "cartridge": 0, + **{f"kv_first@{P}": 0 for P in lens}} + rows = [] + for n, (f, bid) in enumerate(routed, 1): + kw = f["answer_keywords"] + row = {"id": f["id"], "bucket": bid, "kw": kw} + # (name, cartridge, prefix_factory). Every arm shares one decode loop; the + # arms differ only in where the prefix came from. `text` gets it from a + # live prefill, `kv_first@P` from the serialised round-trip — which is + # precisely the difference under test. + plan = [("floor", None, None), ("text", None, factories[bid])] + if prep[bid]["trained"] is not None: + plan.append(("cartridge", prep[bid]["trained"], None)) + plan += [(f"kv_first@{P}", prep[bid]["arms"][P], None) for P in lens] + for name, cart, fac in plan: + ans = trainer.generate_answer(cart, f["question"], + max_new_tokens=EVAL_MAX_NEW_TOKENS, + verbatim="", prefix_factory=fac) + g = grounding_score(ans, kw) + scores[name] += int(g) + row[name] = {"grounded": g, "answer": ans} + row["mem"] = _mem() + rows.append(row) + _log(f"[{n:2}/{len(routed)}] {f['id']:14} " + + " ".join(f"{k.replace('kv_first@','P')}={int(row[k]['grounded'])}" + for k, _, _ in plan) + + f" {row['mem']}") + + total = len(rows) + seq = prep[buckets[0]]["seq"] + _log("=" * 70) + _log(f"floor (no memory): {scores['floor']}/{total}") + _log(f"text in prompt: {scores['text']}/{total} " + f"(CEILING CONTROL: live prefill of {prep[buckets[0]]['text_len']} " + f"tokens, no serialisation round-trip)") + full = max(lens) + if full >= seq: + cache_full = scores[f"kv_first@{full}"] + gap = scores["text"] - cache_full + _log(f"whole cache (P={full}): {cache_full}/{total}") + verdict = ("cache path is LOSSY — redo the sweep" if gap >= 3 + else "ceiling is REAL — model/fixture-bound, not harness-bound" + if abs(gap) <= 2 else "cache BEATS text — unexpected, investigate") + _log(f" text - whole cache = {gap:+d} -> {verdict}") + else: + _log(f" (no full-cache arm: max P={full} < seq_len={seq}; " + f"add a P >= {seq} to compare against the ceiling control)") + if prep[buckets[0]]["trained"] is not None: + tp = prep[buckets[0]]["trained_P"] + _log(f"distilled cartridge: {scores['cartridge']}/{total} (P={tp}, ~98 min to train)") + _log("-" * 70) + _log(f"{'P':>6}{'compression':>14}{'score':>10}{'vs floor':>10}") + for P in lens: + s = scores[f"kv_first@{P}"] + _log(f"{P:>6}{seq / P:>13.2f}x{s:>7}/{total}{s - scores['floor']:>+10}") + best = max(lens, key=lambda P: scores[f"kv_first@{P}"]) + _log("-" * 70) + _log(f"best training-free: P={best} at {scores[f'kv_first@{best}']}/{total} " + f"({seq / best:.2f}x compression), cost = ONE forward pass") + + RESULTS.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + out = RESULTS / f"echoswarm_kvsweep{('_' + args.tag) if args.tag else ''}.json" + out.write_text(json.dumps({ + "fixtures_file": fx_path.name, "n": total, "seq_len": seq, + "prefix_lens": lens, "trained_P": prep[buckets[0]]["trained_P"], + "max_new_tokens": EVAL_MAX_NEW_TOKENS, + "text_single_shot_tokens": text_need, + "text_prefill_tokens": prep[buckets[0]]["text_len"], + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": scores, "per_question": rows, + }, indent=2)) + _log(f"wrote {out}") + return 0 + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + raise SystemExit(main()) diff --git a/scripts/cm_leak_filter.py b/scripts/cm_leak_filter.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..831662a --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/cm_leak_filter.py @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +"""Re-score floor results with question-leaking fixtures excluded. + +CM-B.0e measured the extension set's floor at 4/16 — the base 3B answers four of +those questions correctly with no memory at all, because items like "what are the +five states an agent can be in?" invite guesses that happen to be right. Any score +on the full 16 therefore mixes cartridge performance with the model's prior. + +Uses only the committed floor snapshots, so this needs no GPU and no re-generation. + +The leaky set is decided ONCE across every floor run available, not per run. +Per-run selection would move the denominator between arms — the same mistake as +changing the fixture file mid-track. A fixture counts as leaky if the floor +answered it in ANY run: a question the model can sometimes guess is not a clean +test even on a run where it happened to miss. + +Run: uv run python scripts/cm_leak_filter.py + uv run python scripts/cm_leak_filter.py --glob 'echoswarm_floor_b0g*ext16.json' +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import argparse +import json +import sys +from pathlib import Path +from typing import Any, Iterable + +RESULTS = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "tests/eval/results/cm" +ARMS = ("floor", "random", "cartridge") + + +def leaky_ids(runs: Iterable[dict[str, Any]]) -> set[str]: + """Fixture ids the floor arm ever answered — the union over all runs.""" + out: set[str] = set() + for r in runs: + for q in r.get("per_question", []): + if q.get("floor", {}).get("grounded"): + out.add(q["id"]) + return out + + +def restricted(run: dict[str, Any], exclude: set[str]) -> dict[str, Any]: + """Per-arm scores over the fixtures NOT in `exclude`, plus c-floor.""" + kept = [q for q in run.get("per_question", []) if q["id"] not in exclude] + scores = {a: sum(1 for q in kept if q.get(a, {}).get("grounded")) for a in ARMS} + return { + "n": len(kept), + **scores, + "c_minus_floor": scores["cartridge"] - scores["floor"], + "dropped": sorted(q["id"] for q in run.get("per_question", []) + if q["id"] in exclude), + } + + +def main() -> int: + ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__) + ap.add_argument("--glob", default="echoswarm_floor_*ext16.json", + help="floor snapshots to treat as runs of one fixture set") + args = ap.parse_args() + + paths = sorted(RESULTS.glob(args.glob)) + if not paths: + print(f"no floor snapshots matched {args.glob} in {RESULTS}", file=sys.stderr) + return 2 + runs = [(p.stem.replace("echoswarm_floor_", ""), json.loads(p.read_text())) + for p in paths] + + leaky = leaky_ids(r for _, r in runs) + n_full = len(runs[0][1].get("per_question", [])) + print(f"{len(paths)} floor run(s), {n_full} fixtures each") + print(f"question-leaking fixtures (floor answered them cold in >=1 run): " + f"{len(leaky)}") + for i in sorted(leaky): + print(f" {i}") + if not leaky: + print(" none — scores on this set are already clean") + print() + + w = max((len(t) for t, _ in runs), default=8) + print(f"{'run':<{w}} {'FULL SET':>22} {'LEAK-FREE SUBSET':>26}") + print(f"{'':<{w}} {'floor rand cart c-fl':>22} {'n floor rand cart c-fl':>26}") + tot_full = tot_sub = 0 + for tag, r in runs: + f = restricted(r, set()) + s = restricted(r, leaky) + tot_full += f["c_minus_floor"] + tot_sub += s["c_minus_floor"] + print(f"{tag:<{w}} " + f"{f['floor']:>5} {f['random']:>4} {f['cartridge']:>4} " + f"{f['c_minus_floor']:>+5} " + f"{s['n']:>4} {s['floor']:>5} {s['random']:>4} {s['cartridge']:>4} " + f"{s['c_minus_floor']:>+5}") + k = len(runs) + print(f"{'mean c-floor':<{w}} {tot_full / k:>+22.2f} {tot_sub / k:>+26.2f}") + print() + if leaky and tot_sub <= 0 < tot_full: + print(" The full-set gain came entirely from fixtures the model can guess. " + "On the leak-free subset the cartridge adds nothing.") + elif leaky: + print(" Gain survives on the leak-free subset — that is the number to quote.") + return 0 + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + raise SystemExit(main()) diff --git a/scripts/cm_make_edits.py b/scripts/cm_make_edits.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4f4d97 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/cm_make_edits.py @@ -0,0 +1,417 @@ +"""CM-B Stage 1, step 1 — generate controlled single-chunk edits. + +The Edit experiment asks whether a stale cartridge can be REPAIRED more cheaply +than it can be rebuilt (~7,200 s). To answer that with a curve rather than an +anecdote, we need edits whose magnitude we choose. Real history cannot supply +them: libugry has one commit and echoswarm's fourteen are almost entirely +"Update README.md". + +Four types, ordered by how much they should disturb the cartridge: + + rename identifier changes, behaviour does not — smallest + constant a numeric fact changes — small, but a FACT, + which is what the + eval fixtures probe + branch new control flow appears — medium + delete a helper other code calls disappears — largest + +Design notes, all of which the tests enforce: + + * Deterministic given a seed. A re-run must reproduce the numbers, so target + selection is seeded and stable, never "pick the first match we happen to + find" in dict order. + * Reversible byte-for-byte. Ground truth and every repair method must start + from an identical tree, so `revert_edit` restores exactly. + * Never a no-op. An edit that does not change the file produces a "repair was + free" datapoint that means nothing — the staleness-floor trap from + docs/cm-b-plan.md, caught one step earlier. + * Output stays valid Python. A syntax error would break _read_chunk_content + and quietly poison the re-distill. + +This module is pure Python and imports nothing from torch, so it runs while a +distillation job holds the GPU. + +CLI: + uv run python scripts/cm_make_edits.py --repo --file relay.py \ + --type constant [--seed 0] [--commit] [--dry-run] +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import argparse +import ast +import random +import re +import subprocess +import sys +from dataclasses import dataclass +from pathlib import Path +from typing import Optional + +EDIT_TYPES: tuple[str, ...] = ("rename", "constant", "branch", "delete") + +# Upper bound on a deleted function, in lines. `delete` is meant to be the +# LARGEST of the four disturbances, but a 65-line removal (echoswarm's +# api.py:refresh_map) spans several chunks, and the whole claim under test is +# that a SINGLE changed chunk can be repaired cheaply. Beyond this the +# datapoint stops measuring what Stage 1 is about. +MAX_DELETE_LINES: int = 25 + + +def _log(msg: str) -> None: + print(f"[cm_make_edits] {msg}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True) + + +@dataclass +class EditPlan: + """A single, reversible, one-chunk edit. + + old_text/new_text are exact substrings of the file, so applying is a single + `str.replace(old, new, 1)` and reverting is the same call inverted. Storing + text rather than line numbers keeps revert correct even though applying can + change the line count (branch adds lines, delete removes them). + """ + + path: Path + edit_type: str + old_text: str + new_text: str + line_start: int + line_end: int + description: str + + @property + def line_delta(self) -> int: + return len(self.new_text.splitlines()) - len(self.old_text.splitlines()) + + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Target discovery +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +def _functions(tree: ast.Module) -> list[ast.FunctionDef]: + """Every def in the file — module-level AND methods. + + Real code is mostly methods. echoswarm's simulation.py has four + module-level functions and twelve methods, and the methods are where + _relay_messages and _move_agents live — the exact identifiers the eval + fixtures probe. Restricting to `tree.body` made rename and delete + unusable on the files this experiment actually needs. + """ + return [ + n for n in ast.walk(tree) + if isinstance(n, (ast.FunctionDef, ast.AsyncFunctionDef)) + ] + + +def _sole_method_names(tree: ast.Module) -> set[str]: + """Methods that are their class's only body member. + + Deleting one leaves an empty class body, which is a SyntaxError rather + than an edit. + """ + out: set[str] = set() + for node in ast.walk(tree): + if not isinstance(node, ast.ClassDef): + continue + defs = [b for b in node.body + if isinstance(b, (ast.FunctionDef, ast.AsyncFunctionDef))] + others = [b for b in node.body if b not in defs + and not (isinstance(b, ast.Expr) + and isinstance(b.value, ast.Constant))] + if len(defs) == 1 and not others: + out.add(defs[0].name) + return out + + +def _pick(items: list, seed: int): + """Seeded, stable choice. Sorting first makes it independent of AST order.""" + if not items: + return None + return random.Random(seed).choice(items) + + +def _plan_rename(path: Path, src: str, tree: ast.Module, seed: int) -> Optional[EditPlan]: + """Rename a function that is called at least once elsewhere in the file. + + Requiring a call site is the point: a rename nothing references is a + comment-level change and would understate the disturbance. + """ + candidates = sorted( + (fn for fn in _functions(tree) if src.count(fn.name) >= 2), + key=lambda fn: fn.name, + ) + fn = _pick(candidates, seed) + if fn is None: + return None + + verb, _, rest = fn.name.partition("_") + new_name = f"scan_{rest}" if rest and verb != "scan" else f"{fn.name}_v2" + + return EditPlan( + path=path, edit_type="rename", + old_text=fn.name, new_text=new_name, + line_start=fn.lineno, line_end=fn.end_lineno or fn.lineno, + description=f"rename {fn.name} -> {new_name} ({src.count(fn.name)} occurrences)", + ) + + +_NUM_ASSIGN = re.compile(r"^(?P[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*)\s*=\s*(?P\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*$") + + +def _plan_constant(path: Path, src: str, tree: ast.Module, seed: int) -> Optional[EditPlan]: + """Change a module-level numeric constant — a FACT the fixtures can probe.""" + hits = [] + for i, line in enumerate(src.splitlines(), start=1): + m = _NUM_ASSIGN.match(line.strip()) + if m: + hits.append((i, line, m)) + hits.sort(key=lambda t: t[2].group("name")) + chosen = _pick(hits, seed) + if chosen is None: + return None + + lineno, line, m = chosen + old_val = m.group("val") + if "." in old_val: + new_val = f"{max(0.1, round(float(old_val) - 0.2, 2))}" + else: + new_val = str(int(old_val) * 2 + 1) + + return EditPlan( + path=path, edit_type="constant", + old_text=line, new_text=line.replace(old_val, new_val, 1), + line_start=lineno, line_end=lineno, + description=f"constant {m.group('name')}: {old_val} -> {new_val}", + ) + + +def _plan_branch(path: Path, src: str, tree: ast.Module, seed: int) -> Optional[EditPlan]: + """Insert a guard clause at the top of a function body.""" + lines = src.splitlines(keepends=True) + # Guarding on `self`/`cls` is nonsense, so a method needs a real second + # parameter to be a candidate. + def _first_real_arg(fn: ast.FunctionDef) -> Optional[str]: + names = [a.arg for a in fn.args.args] + if names and names[0] in ("self", "cls"): + names = names[1:] + return names[0] if names else None + + candidates = sorted( + (fn for fn in _functions(tree) if _first_real_arg(fn)), + key=lambda fn: fn.name, + ) + fn = _pick(candidates, seed) + if fn is None: + return None + + body0 = fn.body[0] + # Skip a docstring so the guard lands in real code. + if isinstance(body0, ast.Expr) and isinstance(body0.value, ast.Constant) \ + and isinstance(body0.value.value, str) and len(fn.body) > 1: + body0 = fn.body[1] + + anchor = lines[body0.lineno - 1] + indent = anchor[: len(anchor) - len(anchor.lstrip())] + arg = _first_real_arg(fn) + guard = f"{indent}if {arg} is None:\n{indent} return None\n" + + return EditPlan( + path=path, edit_type="branch", + old_text=anchor, new_text=guard + anchor, + line_start=body0.lineno, line_end=body0.lineno, + description=f"branch: guard clause on {arg} in {fn.name}", + ) + + +def _plan_delete(path: Path, src: str, tree: ast.Module, seed: int) -> Optional[EditPlan]: + """Delete a function that something else calls — the largest disturbance. + + The result is intentionally still parseable but semantically broken (a + dangling call). That mirrors a real mid-refactor commit, and the cartridge + should notice the definition is gone. + """ + sole = _sole_method_names(tree) + + def _span(fn: ast.FunctionDef) -> int: + start = min([d.lineno for d in fn.decorator_list] + [fn.lineno]) + return (fn.end_lineno or fn.lineno) - start + 1 + + candidates = sorted( + (fn for fn in _functions(tree) + if src.count(fn.name) >= 2 + and fn.name not in sole + and _span(fn) <= MAX_DELETE_LINES), + key=lambda fn: fn.name, + ) + fn = _pick(candidates, seed) + if fn is None: + return None + + lines = src.splitlines(keepends=True) + start = fn.lineno - 1 + if fn.decorator_list: + start = min(d.lineno for d in fn.decorator_list) - 1 + end = fn.end_lineno or fn.lineno + block = "".join(lines[start:end]) + + return EditPlan( + path=path, edit_type="delete", + old_text=block, new_text="", + line_start=start + 1, line_end=end, + description=f"delete {fn.name} ({end - start} lines)", + ) + + +_PLANNERS = { + "rename": _plan_rename, + "constant": _plan_constant, + "branch": _plan_branch, + "delete": _plan_delete, +} + + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Public API +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +def plan_edit(path: Path, edit_type: str, seed: int = 0) -> EditPlan: + """Choose a concrete edit without touching the file. + + Raises ValueError if the type is unknown or the file offers no suitable + target — better a loud failure than a silent no-op datapoint. + """ + path = Path(path) + if edit_type not in _PLANNERS: + raise ValueError( + f"unknown edit type {edit_type!r}; expected one of {list(EDIT_TYPES)}" + ) + if not path.is_file(): + raise FileNotFoundError(f"edit target does not exist: {path}") + + src = path.read_text() + try: + tree = ast.parse(src) + except SyntaxError as exc: + raise ValueError(f"{path} is not parseable Python: {exc}") from exc + + plan = _PLANNERS[edit_type](path, src, tree, seed) + if plan is None: + raise ValueError( + f"no {edit_type!r} target found in {path.name}. Pick another file: " + "an edit that changes nothing produces a meaningless datapoint." + ) + if plan.old_text == plan.new_text: + raise ValueError(f"{edit_type!r} planned a no-op on {path.name}") + return plan + + +def apply_edit(plan: EditPlan) -> None: + """Apply the plan in place. Verifies the result still parses.""" + src = plan.path.read_text() + if plan.old_text not in src: + raise ValueError( + f"cannot apply {plan.edit_type}: anchor text absent from " + f"{plan.path.name} (already applied, or the file changed underneath)" + ) + # rename must hit every occurrence; the others are single-site. + updated = ( + src.replace(plan.old_text, plan.new_text) + if plan.edit_type == "rename" + else src.replace(plan.old_text, plan.new_text, 1) + ) + if updated == src: + raise ValueError(f"{plan.edit_type} produced no change — refusing a no-op") + + try: + ast.parse(updated) + except SyntaxError as exc: + raise ValueError( + f"{plan.edit_type} would leave {plan.path.name} unparseable: {exc}" + ) from exc + + plan.path.write_text(updated) + _log(f"applied {plan.description}") + + +def revert_edit(plan: EditPlan) -> None: + """Undo the plan, restoring the file byte-for-byte.""" + src = plan.path.read_text() + if plan.edit_type == "rename": + restored = src.replace(plan.new_text, plan.old_text) + elif plan.new_text == "": + # A deletion cannot be located by searching for "" — re-insert at the + # recorded line instead. + lines = src.splitlines(keepends=True) + idx = plan.line_start - 1 + restored = "".join(lines[:idx]) + plan.old_text + "".join(lines[idx:]) + else: + restored = src.replace(plan.new_text, plan.old_text, 1) + + plan.path.write_text(restored) + _log(f"reverted {plan.edit_type} in {plan.path.name}") + + +def commit_edit(plan: EditPlan, repo: Path) -> str: + """Stage and commit the applied edit. Returns the new HEAD sha. + + The commit is what makes the edit visible to libucks: BucketKVCache keys + freshness on (chunk_id, git_sha), so an uncommitted edit leaves the + cartridge looking valid. + """ + repo = Path(repo) + subprocess.run(["git", "-C", str(repo), "add", "-A"], check=True, + capture_output=True) + subprocess.run( + ["git", "-C", str(repo), "commit", "-q", "-m", + f"cm-b edit [{plan.edit_type}]: {plan.description}"], + check=True, capture_output=True, + ) + sha = subprocess.run( + ["git", "-C", str(repo), "rev-parse", "HEAD"], + check=True, capture_output=True, text=True, + ).stdout.strip() + _log(f"committed {plan.edit_type} -> {sha[:8]}") + return sha + + +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# CLI +# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +def main() -> int: + ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__) + ap.add_argument("--repo", required=True, type=Path) + ap.add_argument("--file", required=True, + help="path to edit, relative to --repo") + ap.add_argument("--type", required=True, choices=EDIT_TYPES) + ap.add_argument("--seed", type=int, default=0) + ap.add_argument("--commit", action="store_true", + help="commit the edit (required for libucks to see it)") + ap.add_argument("--dry-run", action="store_true", + help="print the plan and exit without touching the file") + args = ap.parse_args() + + target = args.repo / args.file + try: + plan = plan_edit(target, args.type, seed=args.seed) + except (ValueError, FileNotFoundError) as exc: + _log(f"ERROR: {exc}") + return 1 + + _log(f"plan: {plan.description}") + _log(f" lines {plan.line_start}-{plan.line_end}, line delta {plan.line_delta:+d}") + if args.dry_run: + _log("dry run — nothing written") + return 0 + + apply_edit(plan) + if args.commit: + commit_edit(plan, args.repo) + else: + _log("NOT committed — libucks keys cartridge freshness on git_sha, so " + "an uncommitted edit leaves the cartridge looking fresh. Use --commit.") + return 0 + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + raise SystemExit(main()) diff --git a/scripts/cm_probe_slot_structure.py b/scripts/cm_probe_slot_structure.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e4219af --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/cm_probe_slot_structure.py @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 +"""Is a trained cartridge's prefix localizable? — CPU-only structural probe. + +Stage 1's research bet is *slot-localized repair*: when one chunk changes, retrain +only the cartridge slots that carry it instead of the whole prefix. That is only +possible if the P slots are differentiated. If distillation collapsed them into P +near-identical vectors, there is nothing to localize and the bet is dead — worth +knowing before building the machinery. + +This reads a cartridge off disk and measures, per layer: + + slot_cos_mean mean pairwise cosine between the P slot vectors. + ~1.0 => collapsed, all slots carry the same thing (bad). + low => differentiated, slots are distinguishable (good). + eff_rank effective rank via the entropy of the normalized singular value + spectrum, exp(H). 1.0 => rank-1 collapse. Near P => slots span + the space. This is the honest version of "are they different", + since low pairwise cosine can still hide a low-dimensional + structure. + drift only with --compare: mean per-slot cosine between two cartridges, + e.g. a CM-A.2 backup vs its CM-B.0b re-distill. Shows how far + training moved each slot. + +No model load, no MPS, safe to run while a distill occupies the GPU. + +Usage: + python scripts/cm_probe_slot_structure.py [...] + python scripts/cm_probe_slot_structure.py new.safetensors --compare old.safetensors +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import argparse +import sys +from pathlib import Path + +import torch +from safetensors.torch import load_file + + +def _slots(tensors: dict[str, torch.Tensor], kind: str) -> list[torch.Tensor]: + """Return per-layer (P, n_kv_heads*head_dim) matrices for kind in {'k','v'}. + + KVPrefixCartridge.save writes flat keys "k_" / "v_", each + (1, n_kv_heads, P, head_dim). Heads are folded into the feature axis so each + of the P slots becomes one vector. + """ + out: list[torch.Tensor] = [] + idx = 0 + while f"{kind}_{idx}" in tensors: + t = tensors[f"{kind}_{idx}"] # (1, n_kv_heads, P, head_dim) + t = t.squeeze(0).permute(1, 0, 2) # (P, n_kv_heads, head_dim) + out.append(t.reshape(t.shape[0], -1).float()) + idx += 1 + return out + + +def _mean_pairwise_cos(m: torch.Tensor) -> float: + n = torch.nn.functional.normalize(m, dim=-1) + sim = n @ n.T + p = sim.shape[0] + off = (sim.sum() - sim.diagonal().sum()) / (p * (p - 1)) + return float(off) + + +def _effective_rank(m: torch.Tensor) -> float: + s = torch.linalg.svdvals(m) + s = s / (s.sum() + 1e-12) + h = -(s * (s + 1e-12).log()).sum() + return float(h.exp()) + + +def _report(path: Path, compare: Path | None) -> None: + tensors = load_file(str(path)) + other = load_file(str(compare)) if compare else None + + print(f"\n=== {path.name} ===") + for kind in ("k", "v"): + mats = _slots(tensors, kind) + if not mats: + print(f" {kind}: no layers found (keys look like: {sorted(tensors)[:3]})") + continue + p = mats[0].shape[0] + cos = [_mean_pairwise_cos(m) for m in mats] + rank = [_effective_rank(m) for m in mats] + print(f" {kind}: {len(mats)} layers, P={p} slots, dim={mats[0].shape[1]}") + print(f" slot_cos_mean min {min(cos):+.3f} mean {sum(cos)/len(cos):+.3f} max {max(cos):+.3f}") + print(f" eff_rank min {min(rank):6.1f} mean {sum(rank)/len(rank):6.1f} max {max(rank):6.1f} (of {p})") + + if other is not None: + om = _slots(other, kind) + if len(om) == len(mats): + drift = [] + for a, b in zip(mats, om): + na = torch.nn.functional.normalize(a, dim=-1) + nb = torch.nn.functional.normalize(b, dim=-1) + drift.append(float((na * nb).sum(-1).mean())) + print(f" drift vs {compare.name}: mean per-slot cos " + f"{sum(drift)/len(drift):+.3f} (1.0 = unchanged)") + + +def main() -> None: + ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__) + ap.add_argument("cartridges", nargs="+", type=Path) + ap.add_argument("--compare", type=Path, default=None, + help="second cartridge to measure per-slot drift against") + args = ap.parse_args() + + for c in args.cartridges: + if not c.exists(): + print(f"missing: {c}", file=sys.stderr) + continue + _report(c, args.compare) + + print("\ninterpretation:") + print(" slot_cos_mean near 1.0 with eff_rank near 1 -> collapsed; slot-localized") + print(" repair is not viable, fall back to continue-training / low-rank delta.") + print(" low slot_cos_mean with eff_rank >> 1 -> differentiated; localization") + print(" is worth testing against source positions once the GPU is free.") + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main() diff --git a/scripts/cm_proof_single_bucket.py b/scripts/cm_proof_single_bucket.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2f0891f --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/cm_proof_single_bucket.py @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +"""CM-A.1 single-bucket proof. + +Distill ONE echoswarm bucket into a KV-prefix cartridge via context +distillation, then test whether the frozen 3B can answer that bucket's real +fixtures from the LATENT ALONE (no verbatim). This is the fast falsification of +the Cartridge Memory hypothesis before scaling to all buckets (CM-A.2). + +Prints, for the busiest bucket: + - init (warm-start KV, no distill) latent-alone grounding + - distilled latent-alone grounding <-- the number that matters + - KL trajectory + +Run: uv run python scripts/cm_proof_single_bucket.py +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import json +import sys +from pathlib import Path + +import numpy as np +import torch + +from libucks.config import Config +from libucks.eval_metrics import grounding_score +from libucks.storage.bucket_registry import BucketRegistry +from libucks.storage.bucket_store import BucketStore +from libucks.embeddings.embedding_service import EmbeddingService +from libucks.thinking.training.data_generator import _collect_source_text +from libucks.cache_augmentation.kv_extract import extract_bucket_kv +from libucks.cache_augmentation.cartridge import KVPrefixCartridge +from libucks.thinking.training.cartridge_trainer import CartridgeTrainer +from libucks.thinking.training.self_study import generate_self_study_queries + +import os + +REPO = Path("/Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm") +FIXTURES = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa.json" +RECEIVER_ID = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B" +QGEN_ID = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct" # instruct model for fact-probing query gen +# Env-tunable levers (defaults = original CM-A.1 run for reproducibility). +PREFIX_LEN = int(os.environ.get("CM_PREFIX_LEN", "64")) +N_QUERIES = int(os.environ.get("CM_NQUERIES", "128")) +EPOCHS = int(os.environ.get("CM_EPOCHS", "2")) +MODEL_QUERIES = os.environ.get("CM_MODEL_QUERIES", "0") == "1" +LR = float(os.environ.get("CM_LR", "1e-2")) + + +def _log(m: str) -> None: + print(f"[cm_proof] {m}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True) + + +def _grounded(answer: str, keywords: list[str]) -> bool: + """Shared CM-B.0a metric — do NOT reintroduce a local substring copy here. + + This was the third copy of the plain-substring scorer. That metric + under-counted CM-A.2 by 3 fixtures (7/25 -> 10/25 once corrected), so the + CM-A.1 numbers this script produced (2/8 templated, 4/8 fact-probing) are + also lower bounds and are not comparable to anything scored after CM-B.0a. + """ + return grounding_score(answer, keywords) + + +def main() -> None: + cfg = Config.load(REPO) + libucks_dir = REPO / ".libucks" + registry = BucketRegistry(libucks_dir / "registry.json") + registry.load() + store = BucketStore(libucks_dir / "buckets") + embedder = EmbeddingService.get_instance(cfg.model.embedding_model) + + fixtures = json.loads(FIXTURES.read_text())["fixtures"] + + # --- route each fixture to its nearest-centroid bucket --- + centroids = registry.get_all_centroids() + bids = list(centroids.keys()) + mat = np.stack([centroids[b] for b in bids]) # (N, D), normalized + by_bucket: dict[str, list] = {} + for fx in fixtures: + q_emb = embedder.embed(fx["question"]) + bid = bids[int((mat @ q_emb).argmax())] + by_bucket.setdefault(bid, []).append(fx) + + chosen = max(by_bucket, key=lambda b: len(by_bucket[b])) + chosen_fx = by_bucket[chosen] + _log(f"routed fixture distribution: {sorted((len(v)) for v in by_bucket.values())}") + _log(f"chosen bucket {chosen[:12]} with {len(chosen_fx)} fixtures") + + fm, _prose = store.read(chosen) + verbatim = _collect_source_text(fm, max_chars=4096) or "" + _log(f"verbatim chars: {len(verbatim)}") + if len(verbatim) < 50: + _log("verbatim too short — aborting proof") + return + + # --- load frozen 3B --- + from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer + device = torch.device("mps" if torch.backends.mps.is_available() else "cpu") + _log(f"loading {RECEIVER_ID} on {device} ...") + model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(RECEIVER_ID, dtype=torch.bfloat16).eval().to(device) + tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(RECEIVER_ID) + + trainer = CartridgeTrainer( + model, tok, temperature=2.0, alpha_ce=0.3, + max_answer_tokens=48, max_verbatim_chars=4096, + ) + + # --- warm-start cartridge from the bucket's real extracted KV --- + cart = KVPrefixCartridge.for_model(model, prefix_len=PREFIX_LEN, dtype=torch.float32) + flat = extract_bucket_kv(model, tok, verbatim, max_tokens=1024) + cart.init_from_extracted_kv(flat) + cart.to(device) + + def _eval(tag: str) -> int: + n = 0 + for fx in chosen_fx: + ans = trainer.generate_answer(cart, fx["question"], max_new_tokens=64, verbatim="") + g = _grounded(ans, fx["answer_keywords"]) + n += int(g) + _log(f" [{tag}] grounded={g} kw={fx['answer_keywords']} :: {ans[:110]!r}") + return n + + _log("=== BEFORE distillation (warm-start KV, latent-alone) ===") + init_grounded = _eval("init") + + qgen_model = qgen_tok = None + if not MODEL_QUERIES: + # This default is the losing configuration, kept only so the original + # CM-A.1 v1 run reproduces. Templated queries scored 2/8; fact-probing + # scored 4/8. Copying this default into the batch distiller is exactly + # how the CM-A.2 regression happened — so say so, loudly. + _log("WARNING: CM_MODEL_QUERIES=0 -> TEMPLATED queries. CM-A.1 showed these " + "fail (2/8 vs 4/8 fact-probing). Set CM_MODEL_QUERIES=1 unless you are " + "deliberately reproducing the v1 run.") + if MODEL_QUERIES: + _log(f"loading query-gen model {QGEN_ID} ...") + qgen_model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(QGEN_ID, dtype=torch.float32).eval().to(device) + qgen_tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(QGEN_ID) + queries = generate_self_study_queries(verbatim, N_QUERIES, model=qgen_model, tokenizer=qgen_tok) + if qgen_model is not None: + del qgen_model # free before distillation + if device.type == "mps": + torch.mps.empty_cache() + _log(f"distilling on {len(queries)} queries (model_queries={MODEL_QUERIES}), P={PREFIX_LEN}, {EPOCHS} epochs, lr={LR} ...") + _log(f"sample queries: {queries[:3]}") + res = trainer.distill_bucket(cart, verbatim, queries, epochs=EPOCHS, lr=LR) + + _log("=== AFTER distillation (latent-alone) ===") + distilled_grounded = _eval("distilled") + + _log("================ CM-A.1 PROOF RESULT ================") + _log(f"bucket={chosen[:12]} fixtures={len(chosen_fx)}") + _log(f"KL trajectory: init={res['init_mean_kl']:.3f} -> final={res['final_mean_kl']:.3f} (epochs {res['epoch_mean_kl']})") + _log(f"latent-alone grounding: init(warm-start)={init_grounded}/{len(chosen_fx)} distilled={distilled_grounded}/{len(chosen_fx)}") + gate = distilled_grounded >= 3 and distilled_grounded >= init_grounded + _log(f"GATE (distilled>=3 and >=init): {'PASS' if gate else 'FAIL'}") + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main() diff --git a/scripts/cm_rescore_grounding.py b/scripts/cm_rescore_grounding.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f32c2a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/cm_rescore_grounding.py @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 +"""Re-score stored eval answers under the Stage 0a grounding metric. + +Zero compute: every answer was already generated and saved. This only re-applies +the scoring function, so it isolates "how much of the reported failure was a +metric artifact" from "how much was the model". + +Scores BOTH metrics side by side for EVERY path, because the normalization lifts +baselines too (no_context, text_clean, hybrid). Reporting only the cartridge +delta would be dishonest — the gate is an absolute bar, but the gap is the story. + +Sources: + tests/eval/results/phase4c/echoswarm_4c6_fairness.json — 7 paths, full text + tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2.json — the CM-A.2 cartridge + +Usage: + python scripts/cm_rescore_grounding.py +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import json +import sys +from pathlib import Path + +REPO_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent +sys.path.insert(0, str(REPO_ROOT)) + +from libucks.eval_metrics import grounding_score, keyword_hit # noqa: E402 + +FAIRNESS = REPO_ROOT / "tests/eval/results/phase4c/echoswarm_4c6_fairness.json" +CARTRIDGE = REPO_ROOT / "tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2.json" +FIXTURES = REPO_ROOT / "tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa.json" + +GATE = 8 # CM-A.2 primary gate: latent-alone grounding >= 8/25 + + +def _old_metric(answer: str, keywords: list[str]) -> bool: + """The original _grounding_score: plain case-insensitive substring, >=50%.""" + if not keywords: + return False + ans = answer.lower() + hits = sum(1 for kw in keywords if kw.lower() in ans) + return hits >= len(keywords) / 2.0 + + +def _load_keywords() -> dict[str, list[str]]: + fx = json.loads(FIXTURES.read_text())["fixtures"] + return {f["id"]: f["answer_keywords"] for f in fx} + + +def _flip_detail(answer: str, keywords: list[str]) -> str: + """Show which keywords the new metric newly credits.""" + gained = [ + kw for kw in keywords + if keyword_hit(answer, kw) and kw.lower() not in answer.lower() + ] + return ", ".join(gained) + + +def main() -> None: + kw_by_id = _load_keywords() + print(f"{'path':28} {'old':>7} {'new':>7} {'delta':>6}") + print("-" * 52) + + flips: list[tuple[str, str, str]] = [] + + # ---- the 7 paths from the Phase 4-C fairness eval ------------------- + if FAIRNESS.exists(): + rows = json.loads(FAIRNESS.read_text())[0]["per_question"] + paths = sorted({p for r in rows for p in r["answers"]}) + for path in paths: + old = new = 0 + for r in rows: + entry = r["answers"].get(path) + if not entry: + continue + kws = kw_by_id.get(r["id"], []) + text = entry.get("text", "") + o, n = _old_metric(text, kws), grounding_score(text, kws) + old += o + new += n + if n and not o: + flips.append((path, r["id"], _flip_detail(text, kws))) + mark = " <-- gate" if path == "cache_aug_no_verbatim" else "" + print(f"{path:28} {old:>4}/{len(rows):<2} {new:>4}/{len(rows):<2} {new-old:>+6}{mark}") + + # ---- the CM-A.2 cartridge run --------------------------------------- + if CARTRIDGE.exists(): + d = json.loads(CARTRIDGE.read_text()) + rows = d["per_question"] + old = new = 0 + for r in rows: + kws = r.get("kw") or kw_by_id.get(r["id"], []) + text = r.get("answer", "") + o, n = _old_metric(text, kws), grounding_score(text, kws) + old += o + new += n + if n and not o: + flips.append(("cartridge (CM-A.2)", r["id"], _flip_detail(text, kws))) + print("-" * 52) + print(f"{'cartridge (CM-A.2)':28} {old:>4}/{len(rows):<2} {new:>4}/{len(rows):<2} {new-old:>+6} <-- gate") + print(f"\nreported in log: {d['grounding']}/{d['n']} (old-metric reproduction: {old}/{len(rows)})") + print(f"gate >= {GATE}/{d['n']}: old {'PASS' if old >= GATE else 'FAIL'} " + f"-> new {'PASS' if new >= GATE else 'FAIL'}") + + if flips: + print(f"\n{len(flips)} fixture(s) flipped to grounded:") + for path, fid, gained in flips: + print(f" {path:22} {fid:14} newly credited: {gained}") + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main() diff --git a/scripts/cm_seed_variance.sh b/scripts/cm_seed_variance.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..00c606a --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/cm_seed_variance.sh @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash +# Run one distill config N times with different seeds, to get an error bar. +# +# Every headline in this track was a single sample until 2026-07-28: 2/8 vs 4/8, +# 7/25 vs 10/25, 5/8 vs 1/8. The first three-draw run (CM-B.0b-repro) measured a +# spread of 1 on an 8-fixture test, which is what finally made those comparisons +# interpretable — and showed the "proven" 200q/48tok recipe to be reproducibly +# worse than CM-A.2's 120q/32tok. +# +# Each draw: distill -> eval -> archive cartridge and results, so no draw can +# clobber another. A failed distill skips its eval rather than scoring the +# previous draw's stale cartridge. +# +# Config comes from the environment, so the caller states it explicitly and it +# lands in the RECIPE banner of every log. Nothing is defaulted silently here. +# +# Usage: +# CM_TAG=b0d CM_SEEDS="1 2 3" \ +# CM_MODEL_QUERIES=0 CM_NQUERIES=120 CM_MAX_ANSWER_TOKENS=32 \ +# nohup caffeinate -dimsu bash scripts/cm_seed_variance.sh [WAIT_PID] & +set -uo pipefail + +cd /Users/ecaterina/Developer/libucks || exit 1 + +WAIT_PID="${1:-}" +BUCKET="${CM_BUCKET:-bc6b90e2}" +TAG="${CM_TAG:?set CM_TAG, e.g. b0d — it names the archived cartridges and results}" +SEEDS="${CM_SEEDS:?set CM_SEEDS, e.g. \"1 2 3\"}" +KV=/Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/.libucks/kv_cache +CART="$KV/$BUCKET.cartridge.safetensors" +LOG="cm_${TAG}.log" + +# Passed through to the distiller by name so the banner records them. +export CM_MODEL_QUERIES CM_NQUERIES CM_MAX_ANSWER_TOKENS + +log() { echo "[$TAG $(date '+%H:%M:%S')] $*"; } + +if [[ -n "$WAIT_PID" ]]; then + log "waiting for PID $WAIT_PID ..." + while ps -p "$WAIT_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1; do sleep 60; done + log "PID $WAIT_PID exited" +fi + +log "config: bucket=$BUCKET seeds=[$SEEDS] model_queries=${CM_MODEL_QUERIES:-unset}" \ + "nqueries=${CM_NQUERIES:-unset} max_answer_tokens=${CM_MAX_ANSWER_TOKENS:-unset}" + +for SEED in $SEEDS; do + log "draw seed=$SEED — distilling" + if CM_SEED="$SEED" uv run python scripts/cm_distill_buckets.py \ + --buckets "$BUCKET" --force >> "$LOG" 2>&1; then + log "draw seed=$SEED distilled — evaluating (default 25-fixture set)" + uv run python scripts/cm_eval_cartridge.py --buckets "$BUCKET" \ + --tag "${TAG}_s${SEED}" >> "$LOG" 2>&1 + + # Second, better-powered read on the same cartridge. Separate fixture set = + # separate denominator, so these scores are never mixed with the 25-set. + log "draw seed=$SEED — evaluating extension set (16 fixtures)" + uv run python scripts/cm_eval_cartridge.py --buckets "$BUCKET" \ + --fixtures tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json \ + --tag "${TAG}ext_s${SEED}" >> "$LOG" 2>&1 + + cp "$CART" "$KV/$BUCKET.cartridge.${TAG}_s${SEED}.bak" + log "draw seed=$SEED archived" + else + log "draw seed=$SEED FAILED to distill — skipping its evals, not scoring a stale cartridge" + fi +done + +log "=== all draws done ===" +grep -hE "cartridge latent-alone grounding|fixture set:" "$LOG" || true +echo +echo "Analyse with:" +echo " uv run python scripts/cm_variance_report.py --glob 'echoswarm_cartridge_A2_${TAG}_s*.json'" +echo " uv run python scripts/cm_variance_report.py --glob 'echoswarm_cartridge_A2_${TAG}ext_s*.json'" diff --git a/scripts/cm_variance_report.py b/scripts/cm_variance_report.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..438b6d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/cm_variance_report.py @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +"""Aggregate repeated draws of one config into the error bar this track lacks. + +Every headline in the cartridge work is a single sample compared against another +single sample — 2/8 vs 4/8, 7/25 vs 10/25, 5/8 vs 1/8 — because nothing in the +pipeline was seeded until 2026-07-28 and no config was ever run twice. This +reads the per-draw result JSONs and reports what the spread actually is, so a +delta can finally be judged against noise instead of assumed to be signal. + +Two numbers matter and they are different: + * score spread — how much the headline N/8 moves between draws + * fixture churn — how many INDIVIDUAL fixtures flip verdict between draws. + Churn can be high while the score looks stable (two fixtures swapping), + which still means a per-fixture claim is not reproducible. + +Run: uv run python scripts/cm_variance_report.py + uv run python scripts/cm_variance_report.py --glob 'echoswarm_cartridge_A2_s*.json' +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import argparse +import json +import statistics +import sys +from pathlib import Path +from typing import Any + +RESULTS = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "tests/eval/results/cm" + + +def load_draw(path: Path) -> dict[str, Any]: + """One results JSON -> {label, score, n, verdicts: {fixture_id: bool}}.""" + d = json.loads(path.read_text()) + per_q = d.get("per_question", []) + return { + "label": path.stem.replace("echoswarm_cartridge_A2_", "") or path.stem, + "score": sum(1 for q in per_q if q.get("grounded")), + "n": len(per_q), + "verdicts": {q["id"]: bool(q.get("grounded")) for q in per_q}, + } + + +def summarise(draws: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> dict[str, Any]: + """Score stats plus per-fixture churn across draws. + + `unstable` are fixtures that are not unanimous across draws — the ones whose + individual pass/fail cannot be quoted from a single run. + """ + scores = [d["score"] for d in draws] + ids: list[str] = [] + for d in draws: + for i in d["verdicts"]: + if i not in ids: + ids.append(i) + + unstable, always, never = [], [], [] + for i in ids: + vals = [d["verdicts"][i] for d in draws if i in d["verdicts"]] + if len(set(vals)) > 1: + unstable.append(i) + elif vals and vals[0]: + always.append(i) + else: + never.append(i) + + return { + "n_draws": len(draws), + "scores": scores, + "n_fixtures": draws[0]["n"] if draws else 0, + "mean": statistics.mean(scores) if scores else 0.0, + # Sample stdev needs >= 2 points; with 2-3 draws the RANGE is the more + # honest statistic, so report both and lead with range in the verdict. + "stdev": statistics.stdev(scores) if len(scores) > 1 else None, + "min": min(scores) if scores else 0, + "max": max(scores) if scores else 0, + "range": (max(scores) - min(scores)) if scores else 0, + "always": always, + "never": never, + "unstable": unstable, + } + + +def verdict(s: dict[str, Any], claim_delta: float | None) -> list[str]: + """Plain-language read on whether a claimed delta survives the noise.""" + out: list[str] = [] + if s["n_draws"] < 2: + out.append("Only one draw — no error bar is possible. Nothing here is a result yet.") + return out + if s["n_draws"] < 3: + out.append("Two draws give a range, not a distribution. Treat as provisional.") + out.append( + f"Score range across {s['n_draws']} draws: {s['min']}-{s['max']}/" + f"{s['n_fixtures']} (spread {s['range']})." + ) + if s["unstable"]: + out.append( + f"{len(s['unstable'])} fixture(s) flip verdict between draws " + f"({', '.join(s['unstable'])}) — per-fixture claims about these are " + f"not reproducible from a single run." + ) + else: + out.append("No fixture flipped verdict — per-fixture results are stable.") + if claim_delta is not None: + if claim_delta <= s["range"]: + out.append( + f"A claimed delta of {claim_delta:g} is INSIDE the observed spread " + f"({s['range']}). It is not distinguishable from noise at this sample size." + ) + else: + out.append( + f"A claimed delta of {claim_delta:g} EXCEEDS the observed spread " + f"({s['range']}), so it survives this (small-sample) noise check." + ) + return out + + +def main() -> int: + ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__) + ap.add_argument("--glob", default="echoswarm_cartridge_A2_s*.json", + help="result files to treat as repeated draws of ONE config") + ap.add_argument("--claim-delta", type=float, default=None, + help="a delta you want to claim (e.g. 3 for 1/8 -> 4/8); " + "reported against the observed spread") + args = ap.parse_args() + + paths = sorted(RESULTS.glob(args.glob)) + if not paths: + print(f"no result files matched {args.glob} in {RESULTS}", file=sys.stderr) + return 2 + + draws = [load_draw(p) for p in paths] + widths = [len(d["label"]) for d in draws] + w = max(widths) if widths else 8 + print(f"{'draw':<{w}} score") + for d in draws: + print(f"{d['label']:<{w}} {d['score']}/{d['n']}") + + s = summarise(draws) + print() + print(f"mean {s['mean']:.2f} range {s['min']}-{s['max']} spread {s['range']}" + + (f" stdev {s['stdev']:.2f}" if s["stdev"] is not None else "")) + print(f"always grounded: {len(s['always'])} never: {len(s['never'])} " + f"unstable: {len(s['unstable'])}") + print() + for line in verdict(s, args.claim_delta): + print(f" {line}") + return 0 + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + raise SystemExit(main()) diff --git a/scripts/diagnose_adapter.py b/scripts/diagnose_adapter.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb31cd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/diagnose_adapter.py @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +"""Diagnose CommunicationAdapter health by measuring cross-bucket cosine. + +Run after Phase 1 training to detect adapter collapse (deaf adapter: +cross-bucket cos ~= 1.0). Reads cached librarian latents from +.libucks/latent_cache/ so no teacher API calls are made. + +Usage: + python scripts/diagnose_adapter.py /path/to/repo [--n-samples N] + +Exit codes: 0 = healthy, 1 = degraded, 2 = collapsed. +""" + +import argparse +import random +from pathlib import Path + +import torch +import torch.nn.functional as F +from transformers import AutoConfig + +from libucks.config import Config +from libucks.thinking.communication_adapter import CommunicationAdapter + + +def main(repo_path: Path, n_samples: int = 10, seed: int = 0) -> int: + random.seed(seed) + cfg = Config.load(repo_path) + bucket_dir = repo_path / ".libucks" + cache_dir = bucket_dir / "latent_cache" + + hidden_dim = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(cfg.model.local_model).hidden_size + base_dim = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(cfg.model.base_model).hidden_size + adapter = CommunicationAdapter(hidden_dim=hidden_dim, output_dim=base_dim, + output_len=cfg.model.output_len) + adapter.load_saved_weights(bucket_dir / "adapter.pt") + adapter.eval() + + cached = sorted(cache_dir.glob("*.pt")) + if len(cached) < 3: + print( + f"Only {len(cached)} cached latents in {cache_dir}; " + "need >= 3 to compute cross-bucket cos." + ) + return 3 + sampled = random.sample(cached, min(n_samples, len(cached))) + + pooled_outputs: list[tuple[str, torch.Tensor]] = [] + for p in sampled: + latents = torch.load(p, map_location="cpu", weights_only=True) + latents = [t.float() for t in latents] + with torch.no_grad(): + out = adapter(latents) + pooled = F.normalize(out.mean(dim=0), dim=-1) + pooled_outputs.append((p.stem, pooled)) + + names = [n for n, _ in pooled_outputs] + vecs = torch.stack([v for _, v in pooled_outputs]) + cos = vecs @ vecs.T + + n = len(names) + off_diag_mask = ~torch.eye(n, dtype=torch.bool) + off_diag = cos[off_diag_mask] + mean = off_diag.mean().item() + max_v = off_diag.max().item() + min_v = off_diag.min().item() + + print(f"N={n} buckets base_dim={base_dim} K={adapter.output_len}") + print(f"cross-bucket cos mean={mean:.4f} min={min_v:.4f} max={max_v:.4f}") + if mean > 0.85: + print(f"\nVERDICT: COLLAPSED (mean cos {mean:.4f} > 0.85 threshold).") + print("Retrain Phase 1 before touching --sep-lambda.") + return 2 + if mean > 0.70: + print(f"\nVERDICT: degraded (mean cos {mean:.4f} between 0.70 and 0.85).") + print("Borderline -- investigate before assuming Phase 2 will work.") + return 1 + print(f"\nVERDICT: healthy (mean cos {mean:.4f} <= 0.70).") + print("Adapter looks fine; --sep-lambda hypothesis is defensible.") + return 0 + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() + parser.add_argument("repo_path", type=Path) + parser.add_argument("--n-samples", type=int, default=10) + parser.add_argument("--seed", type=int, default=0) + args = parser.parse_args() + raise SystemExit(main(args.repo_path, args.n_samples, args.seed)) diff --git a/scripts/run_eval.py b/scripts/run_eval.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9fedf29 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/run_eval.py @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 +"""Reproduce the headline eval end-to-end. + +The headline number is libugry hybrid grounding 19.5 +/- 1.7 / 30 (4-run mean, +Qwen2.5-3B receiver). A single run lands anywhere in ~18-21/30; the spread is +real, so `--runs 4` is what the README figure means. + +Two things this wrapper exists to enforce, because forgetting either has cost +whole nights of compute: + + 1. PYTORCH_MPS_HIGH_WATERMARK_RATIO=0.0 is set before torch is imported. + Without it, distill/eval runs on 16 GB Apple Silicon wedge in an + uninterruptible MPS allocator wait (see docs/cartridges-log.md, CM-A.2 + redistill r4 vs r6 — a clean-process probe wedged without the env var and + passed with it). + 2. The receiver model is read from the target repo's .libucks/config.toml and + printed up front. A repo with no config.toml silently falls back to the + 0.5B default in libucks/config.py, which is NOT the configuration that + produced the headline number. + +Usage: + python scripts/run_eval.py --repo /path/to/libugry --fixtures libugry + python scripts/run_eval.py --repo /path/to/libugry --fixtures libugry --runs 4 +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +import argparse +import os +import statistics +import subprocess +import sys +from pathlib import Path + +# MUST precede any torch import, including transitive ones via libucks. +os.environ.setdefault("PYTORCH_MPS_HIGH_WATERMARK_RATIO", "0.0") + +REPO_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent + + +def _report_config(repo: Path) -> None: + """Print the receiver the eval will actually use, and warn if it is the default.""" + cfg_path = repo / ".libucks" / "config.toml" + sys.path.insert(0, str(REPO_ROOT)) + from libucks.config import Config # noqa: E402 (after env var is set) + + cfg = Config.load(repo) + print(f"[run_eval] repo : {repo}") + print(f"[run_eval] encoder : {cfg.model.local_model}") + print(f"[run_eval] receiver : {cfg.model.base_model}") + print(f"[run_eval] quantized : {cfg.model.quantization}") + if not cfg_path.exists(): + print( + "[run_eval] WARNING: no .libucks/config.toml in this repo — the receiver " + "above is the libucks/config.py DEFAULT, not a pinned choice. The headline " + "19.5/30 used Qwen2.5-3B. Cross-config comparisons are not like-for-like.", + file=sys.stderr, + ) + lora = repo / ".libucks" / "lora_receiver.pt" + if not lora.exists(): + print( + f"[run_eval] WARNING: {lora} missing — the LoRA receiver is untrained, so " + "the text/hybrid paths will not reflect the headline configuration.", + file=sys.stderr, + ) + + +def _run_once(fixtures: str, run_idx: int, total: int) -> int | None: + """Run the eval once. Returns hybrid grounding count, or None if unparseable.""" + print(f"\n[run_eval] ===== run {run_idx}/{total} =====", flush=True) + env = {**os.environ, "LIBUCKS_EVAL_REPOS": fixtures} + proc = subprocess.run( + [ + "uv", "run", "pytest", "-m", "eval", + "tests/eval/test_latent_vs_baseline.py", "-v", "-s", + ], + cwd=REPO_ROOT, + env=env, + capture_output=True, + text=True, + ) + sys.stderr.write(proc.stderr) + print(proc.stdout) + + # The harness prints e.g. "[eval] hybrid : grounding 19/30 (multi 5/10) cos 0.612" + for line in (proc.stdout + proc.stderr).splitlines(): + if "[eval]" in line and "hybrid" in line and "grounding" in line: + for tok in line.split(): + if "/" in tok and tok.split("/")[0].isdigit(): + return int(tok.split("/")[0]) + return None + + +def main() -> None: + ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__) + ap.add_argument("--repo", required=True, type=Path, help="target repo with .libucks/") + ap.add_argument( + "--fixtures", + required=True, + choices=["libugry", "echoswarm", "click"], + help="which fixture set / eval repo to run (sets LIBUCKS_EVAL_REPOS)", + ) + ap.add_argument("--runs", type=int, default=1, help="repeat N times and report mean/stdev") + args = ap.parse_args() + + repo = args.repo.expanduser().resolve() + if not (repo / ".libucks").is_dir(): + sys.exit(f"[run_eval] no .libucks/ in {repo} — run `libucks init --local {repo}` first") + + _report_config(repo) + + scores: list[int] = [] + for i in range(1, args.runs + 1): + got = _run_once(args.fixtures, i, args.runs) + if got is None: + print(f"[run_eval] run {i}: could not parse a hybrid grounding line", file=sys.stderr) + continue + scores.append(got) + print(f"[run_eval] run {i}: hybrid grounding {got}") + + if not scores: + sys.exit("[run_eval] no runs produced a parseable score") + + print("\n[run_eval] ===== summary =====") + print(f"[run_eval] runs : {scores}") + print(f"[run_eval] mean : {statistics.mean(scores):.1f}") + if len(scores) > 1: + print(f"[run_eval] stdev : {statistics.stdev(scores):.1f}") + print("[run_eval] reference: libugry hybrid 19.5 +/- 1.7 / 30 (Phase 4-A, 4-run mean, 3B)") + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main() diff --git a/scripts/train_lora_receiver.py b/scripts/train_lora_receiver.py index c36e047..52dbf59 100644 --- a/scripts/train_lora_receiver.py +++ b/scripts/train_lora_receiver.py @@ -53,19 +53,29 @@ async def main(repo_path: Path, epochs: int, device: str, output: Path) -> None: correct_latents: dict = {} # bucket_id → (seq_len, D) tensor on CPU wrong_latents: dict = {} # bucket_id → (seq_len, D) tensor on CPU target_texts: dict = {} # bucket_id → teacher summary string + source_texts: dict = {} # bucket_id → source text string + # ── Step 1: Parallel API calls (I/O bound — all fire concurrently) ──────── + print("[train] Step 1: Firing all Anthropic API calls in parallel...") + + async def _get_summary(bucket_id): + front_matter, prose = store.read(bucket_id) + src = _collect_source_text(front_matter, max_chars=3000) or prose + text = await text_strategy.reason(PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS[0], src) + text = re.sub(r'\*+', '', text).strip() + return bucket_id, text, src + + api_results = await asyncio.gather(*[_get_summary(bid) for bid in bucket_ids]) + for bucket_id, summary, src in api_results: + target_texts[bucket_id] = summary + source_texts[bucket_id] = src + print(f"[train] Step 1 done — {len(target_texts)} summaries collected") + + # ── Step 2: Sequential encoder passes (MPS serialized by _device_lock) ─── + print("[train] Step 2: Encoding latents sequentially on device...") for i, bucket_id in enumerate(bucket_ids, 1): print(f" [{i}/{len(bucket_ids)}] Encoding {bucket_id}...") - front_matter, prose = store.read(bucket_id) - source_text = _collect_source_text(front_matter, max_chars=3000) or prose - - summary_text = await text_strategy.reason(PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS[0], source_text) - # Strip markdown bold/italic markers so the model learns plain prose - # rather than overfitting to ** token patterns in the training summaries. - summary_text = re.sub(r'\*+', '', summary_text).strip() - target_texts[bucket_id] = summary_text - - latent = await strategy.reason(PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS[0], source_text) + latent = await strategy.reason(PERSPECTIVE_PROMPTS[0], source_texts[bucket_id]) correct_latents[bucket_id] = latent.cpu() del latent @@ -97,9 +107,15 @@ async def main(repo_path: Path, epochs: int, device: str, output: Path) -> None: else: adapter = adapter.to(device=device) + # Pre-compute the embedding norm once — same formula used in decode(). + # All soft_prompts are normalized to this scale before framing so the + # receiver sees identical magnitude at training and inference time. + model_dtype = embedding_layer.weight.dtype + embed_norm = embedding_layer.weight.data.norm(dim=-1).median() + total_steps = epochs * len(bucket_ids) warmup_steps = max(1, total_steps // 10) - trainer = LoRAReceiverTrainer(base_model, lora_r=4, lora_alpha=4, lr=1e-4, warmup_steps=warmup_steps) + trainer = LoRAReceiverTrainer(base_model, lora_r=4, lora_alpha=4.0, lr=2e-4, warmup_steps=warmup_steps) # Token recycling: reuse Qwen's native chat-boundary tokens as frame markers. # No add_special_tokens / resize_token_embeddings needed — keeps embed_tokens @@ -126,23 +142,55 @@ async def main(repo_path: Path, epochs: int, device: str, output: Path) -> None: # Build correct-path inputs_embeds using pre-computed latent correct_lat = correct_latents[bucket_id].to(device) soft_prompt = adapter([correct_lat]) # (K, D) + # Scale-normalize to match the inference path in decode(). + # Without this, the LoRA trains on adapter-scale magnitudes + # (~10-50/dim) but sees embed-scale magnitudes (~2-3/dim) at + # inference, causing the model to ignore the latent prefix. + sp_norms = soft_prompt.float().norm(dim=-1, keepdim=True).clamp(min=1e-8) + soft_prompt = (soft_prompt.float() / sp_norms * embed_norm).to(model_dtype) framed = adapter.frame(soft_prompt, bop_embed, eop_embed) # (K+2, D) del correct_lat, soft_prompt # Build wrong-path inputs_embeds wrong_lat = wrong_latents[bucket_id].to(device) wrong_soft = adapter([wrong_lat]) # (K, D) + wsp_norms = wrong_soft.float().norm(dim=-1, keepdim=True).clamp(min=1e-8) + wrong_soft = (wrong_soft.float() / wsp_norms * embed_norm).to(model_dtype) framed_wrong = adapter.frame(wrong_soft, bop_embed, eop_embed) # (K+2, D) del wrong_lat, wrong_soft + # Append query tokens — must match inference frame in decode(). + # Truncate to 32 tokens; add_special_tokens=False prevents a + # spurious BOS from appearing between the latent frame and query. + q_bucket = target_texts[bucket_id][:128] # cheap proxy for query + q_enc = base_tokenizer( + q_bucket, return_tensors="pt", truncation=True, max_length=32, + add_special_tokens=False, + ) + q_ids = q_enc["input_ids"].squeeze(0).long().to(device) + q_embeds = embedding_layer(q_ids).to(model_dtype) # (Q, D) + framed = torch.cat([framed, q_embeds], dim=0) # (K+2+Q, D) + framed_wrong = torch.cat([framed_wrong, q_embeds], dim=0) # (K+2+Q, D) + + # English anchor — matches inference frame in decode(). + _en_enc = base_tokenizer( + "Answer:\n", return_tensors="pt", add_special_tokens=False, + ) + _en_ids = _en_enc["input_ids"].squeeze(0).to(device) + _en_embeds = embedding_layer(_en_ids).to(model_dtype) # (A, D) + framed = torch.cat([framed, _en_embeds], dim=0) # (K+2+Q+A, D) + framed_wrong = torch.cat([framed_wrong, _en_embeds], dim=0) # (K+2+Q+A, D) + del q_enc, q_ids, q_embeds, _en_enc, _en_ids, _en_embeds + # Tokenize teacher summary → target token embeddings - enc = base_tokenizer(target_texts[bucket_id], return_tensors="pt") + enc = base_tokenizer(target_texts[bucket_id], return_tensors="pt", + max_length=96, truncation=True) target_ids = enc["input_ids"].squeeze(0).long().to(device) del enc - target_embeds = embedding_layer(target_ids) # (T, D) + target_embeds = embedding_layer(target_ids) # (T, D) - # Concatenate: [framed_prefix | target_token_embeds] - prefix_len = framed.shape[0] # K+2 + # Concatenate: [BOP][K latent][EOP][query][anchor] | [target tokens] + prefix_len = framed.shape[0] # K+2+Q+A inputs_embeds = torch.cat([framed, target_embeds], dim=0) inputs_embeds_wrong = torch.cat([framed_wrong, target_embeds], dim=0) del framed, framed_wrong, target_embeds @@ -160,7 +208,6 @@ async def main(repo_path: Path, epochs: int, device: str, output: Path) -> None: count += 1 print(f" L_task={losses['task']:.4f} L_sep={losses['sep']:.4f}") - # Task 2b: purge bucket tensors and MPS pool after every step del item, inputs_embeds, inputs_embeds_wrong, target_ids, losses if device == "mps": torch.mps.empty_cache() @@ -187,5 +234,5 @@ async def main(repo_path: Path, epochs: int, device: str, output: Path) -> None: help="Output path for LoRA weights (default: /.libucks/base_receiver_lora.pt)") args = parser.parse_args() - output = args.output or (Path(args.repo) / ".libucks" / "base_receiver_lora.pt") + output = args.output or (Path(args.repo) / ".libucks" / "lora_receiver.pt") asyncio.run(main(Path(args.repo), args.epochs, args.device, output)) diff --git a/tests/eval/__init__.py b/tests/eval/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/tests/eval/fixtures/click_qa.json b/tests/eval/fixtures/click_qa.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..981b28f --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/fixtures/click_qa.json @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "repo": "click", + "version": 1, + "description": "15 hand-curated QA fixtures for the click CLI library. 10 single-bucket, 5 multi-bucket. Used by tests/eval/test_latent_vs_baseline.py to measure routing accuracy, answer grounding (keyword set match), and cosine similarity (sentence-transformers) across four pipelines: latent, text-with-LoRA, text-clean, no-context.", + "fields": { + "question": "Natural-language query as a user of click would ask it", + "expected_bucket_keywords": "Words that should appear in the routed bucket text (prose + chunks). Routing accuracy = majority match.", + "answer_keywords": "Words a correct natural-language answer should contain. Grounding = >= 50% match.", + "ground_truth_answer": "Short technical answer used for cosine-similarity scoring.", + "needs_multi_bucket": "True if a correct answer pulls content from >= 2 distinct buckets." + } + }, + "fixtures": [ + { + "id": "click_01", + "question": "How do I create a basic CLI command with click?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["command", "decorator", "click"], + "answer_keywords": ["click.command", "decorator", "function"], + "ground_truth_answer": "Use the @click.command() decorator on a Python function. The decorated function becomes a callable Click command. Add @click.option() and @click.argument() decorators for parameters.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "click_02", + "question": "What does the @click.option decorator do?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["option", "decorator"], + "answer_keywords": ["option", "flag", "parameter"], + "ground_truth_answer": "@click.option declares a command-line option flag for a Click command. It accepts strings like '--name' or '-n', a type, a default value, and a help string.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "click_03", + "question": "How does click.Group dispatch its subcommands?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["group", "command", "subcommand"], + "answer_keywords": ["group", "subcommand", "invoke"], + "ground_truth_answer": "Group is a MultiCommand that holds named subcommands. When invoked, it parses its own options, resolves the next argument to a subcommand name, and dispatches to that subcommand's callback.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "click_04", + "question": "What is the click Context object for?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["context", "command"], + "answer_keywords": ["context", "command", "parent"], + "ground_truth_answer": "Context carries per-invocation state for a Click command: parameter values, the parent context if any, the command being invoked, and shared resources. You access it via @click.pass_context or click.get_current_context().", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "click_05", + "question": "How do I declare a positional argument for a click command?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["argument", "decorator"], + "answer_keywords": ["click.argument", "positional", "required"], + "ground_truth_answer": "Use @click.argument('name') on a Click command. Arguments are positional and required by default. Specify nargs and type to control how values are parsed.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "click_06", + "question": "What does CliRunner do in click's testing module?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["testing", "runner"], + "answer_keywords": ["CliRunner", "invoke", "test"], + "ground_truth_answer": "CliRunner is a helper for invoking Click commands in tests. CliRunner().invoke(cmd, args) runs the command in isolation and returns a Result with captured output and exit code.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "click_07", + "question": "What is click.Path used for?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["path", "type", "file"], + "answer_keywords": ["Path", "filesystem", "file", "directory"], + "ground_truth_answer": "click.Path is a parameter type that validates filesystem paths. It accepts options like exists, file_okay, dir_okay, readable, writable, and can resolve paths or convert them to pathlib.Path.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "click_08", + "question": "How does click format the --help output for a command?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["format", "help", "usage"], + "answer_keywords": ["help", "format", "usage", "options"], + "ground_truth_answer": "Click's formatting module builds help output with a HelpFormatter that lays out a usage line, an options section, and a commands section for groups. Terminal width is detected from the environment.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "click_09", + "question": "What exception is raised when a click parameter fails validation?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["exception", "error", "parameter"], + "answer_keywords": ["BadParameter", "UsageError", "validation"], + "ground_truth_answer": "BadParameter is raised when a Click parameter value fails validation. It is a subclass of UsageError and carries the offending value, the parameter, and the context so a clear error message can be rendered.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "click_10", + "question": "How does click.prompt read user input from the terminal?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["prompt", "termui", "input"], + "answer_keywords": ["prompt", "input", "stdin"], + "ground_truth_answer": "click.prompt() reads a value from stdin after writing the prompt to stderr. It supports defaults, hidden input for passwords, type coercion, and value_proc callbacks for validation.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "click_11", + "question": "What is the difference between a click Option and an Argument?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["option", "argument", "parameter"], + "answer_keywords": ["option", "argument", "positional", "flag"], + "ground_truth_answer": "Options are named flags prefixed with -- or - (for example, --name) and are optional by default. Arguments are positional and required by default. Both are kinds of Parameter but follow different parsing rules.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "click_12", + "question": "How does the Context relate to Group subcommand invocation?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["context", "group", "subcommand"], + "answer_keywords": ["context", "subcommand", "parent", "invoke"], + "ground_truth_answer": "When a Group invokes a subcommand, it creates a child Context whose parent is the Group's own Context. The chain lets the subcommand access parent parameters via ctx.parent.params or shared state in ctx.obj.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "click_13", + "question": "How do parameter types and decorators work together to validate input in click?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["type", "decorator", "convert", "parameter"], + "answer_keywords": ["type", "convert", "ParamType", "decorator"], + "ground_truth_answer": "Parameter types are subclasses of ParamType that implement convert(value, param, ctx) to coerce and validate user input. Decorators like @click.option and @click.argument accept a type=... argument that names which ParamType to use; the runtime calls convert when parsing the command line.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "click_14", + "question": "What happens when the click parser encounters a flag option versus an option with a value?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["parser", "option", "flag"], + "answer_keywords": ["parser", "flag", "is_flag", "value"], + "ground_truth_answer": "The parser treats options declared with is_flag=True as booleans: presence sets True, absence keeps the default. count flags increment per occurrence. Value-bearing options consume the next token as the value; a non-flag option missing a value raises BadOptionUsage.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "click_15", + "question": "How do click's decorators connect a callback function to a Command instance?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["decorator", "command", "callback"], + "answer_keywords": ["decorator", "command", "callback", "function"], + "ground_truth_answer": "Each decorator wraps the target function. @click.command creates a Command instance whose callback is the wrapped function. @click.option and @click.argument append Parameter objects to the function's __click_params__ attribute, which @command then reads when constructing the Command.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + } + ] +} diff --git a/tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa.json b/tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0aedf34 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa.json @@ -0,0 +1,216 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "repo": "echoswarm", + "version": 1, + "description": "25 hand-curated QA fixtures for echoswarm — a closed-loop crisis communication optimizer (Claude + CERC protocol + MiroFish agent swarm + Neo4j road graph + Sentinel-1 SAR flood detection). Echoswarm is the Phase 4-C target repo: a fresh, uncontaminated codebase (~4.4K LoC across 17 source files) used to A/B cache augmentation against the Phase 4-A hybrid baseline. Fixtures match the libugry_qa.json schema. Answer keywords avoid generic Python tokens — emphasis on echoswarm-specific identifiers (CERC, Hermes, MiroFish, Skeptical, panic_radius, etc.) to keep the no_context floor low.", + "fields": { + "question": "Natural-language query about echoswarm's internals", + "expected_bucket_keywords": "Words that should appear in routed bucket text (prose + chunk source files)", + "answer_keywords": "Words a correct answer should contain (case-insensitive substring match)", + "ground_truth_answer": "Short technical answer for cosine-similarity scoring", + "needs_multi_bucket": "True if answering well requires content from >= 2 distinct buckets" + } + }, + "fixtures": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "question": "What is the relay probability for a Compliant agent and how does it modify the message?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["agents", "compliant"], + "answer_keywords": ["80%", "verbatim", "COMPLIANT"], + "ground_truth_answer": "Compliant agents relay with 80% probability (random.random() < 0.8) and transmit the message verbatim — no tokens are dropped or garbled before forwarding to neighbors.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "question": "What two conditions must hold before a Skeptical agent will relay the message?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["agents", "skeptical"], + "answer_keywords": ["confirmations", "2", "SKEPTICAL"], + "ground_truth_answer": "A Skeptical agent only relays after it has received the message from 2 distinct source agents (confirmations >= 2). When it does relay, it drops one random key token from the tokens set before forwarding.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "question": "How does a Panic agent corrupt the message when relaying?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["agents", "panic"], + "answer_keywords": ["1", "2", "garble", "PANIC"], + "ground_truth_answer": "A Panic agent relays immediately (no confirmation requirement) but drops a random 1 to 2 key tokens from the set before relaying — random.randint(1, 2) tokens are popped at random positions.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "question": "What initial state is an Immobile agent placed in, and can it ever receive a message?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["agents", "immobile"], + "answer_keywords": ["STRANDED", "IMMOBILE", "never"], + "ground_truth_answer": "Immobile agents are placed in the STRANDED state in __post_init__. They never accept messages (receive_message returns False immediately for IMMOBILE), never relay, and never act — they are a permanent dead-weight that drags down the evacuation rate baseline.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "question": "What token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["agents", "can_act"], + "answer_keywords": ["preservation", "0.6", "INFORMED"], + "ground_truth_answer": "An INFORMED agent transitions to EVACUATING when preservation (len(self.tokens) / total_key_tokens) is greater than 0.6 — i.e. at least 60% of the original key tokens are still in its message. Skeptical agents additionally require confirmations >= 2.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_06", + "question": "What sub-steps does a single Simulation.tick() execute, and in what order?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["simulation", "tick"], + "answer_keywords": ["_relay_messages", "_move_agents", "_spread_panic"], + "ground_truth_answer": "Simulation.tick() runs five sub-steps in order: _relay_messages (snapshot all relays, then apply), _update_evacuation_status, _move_agents, _increment_ticks, and _spread_panic. Per-tick metrics are recorded last via _compute_tick_metrics.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "question": "What is the snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages, and why does it matter?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["simulation", "relay"], + "answer_keywords": ["pending", "snapshot", "atomically", "one hop"], + "ground_truth_answer": "All relay operations for the tick are collected into a 'pending' list first (snapshot), then applied atomically to the receivers. This prevents information from propagating more than one hop per tick regardless of graph topology — without it, an agent informed mid-tick could re-relay the same tick.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_08", + "question": "What parameters control how Panic spreads between agents in the swarm?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["simulation", "panic"], + "answer_keywords": ["panic_radius", "panic_spread_prob", "2", "0.3"], + "ground_truth_answer": "SimulationConfig sets panic_radius=2 (graph hops within which Panic spreads to Compliant/Skeptical neighbors) and panic_spread_prob=0.3. Crucially, _spread_panic runs AFTER movement so new panickers only take effect on the next tick — no same-tick cascade.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_09", + "question": "How does extract_key_tokens derive the canonical token set from a Hermes message?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["simulation", "tokens"], + "answer_keywords": ["which_route", "where", "what", "_STOP_WORDS"], + "ground_truth_answer": "extract_key_tokens concatenates the Hermes message's which_route, where, and what fields, lowercases and splits on whitespace plus punctuation, then keeps only words longer than 3 characters that are not in _STOP_WORDS (a frozen set of articles and short connectives). Returns a frozenset.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_10", + "question": "What are the three CERC pillars that Hermes follows when generating an evacuation order?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["hermes", "CERC", "engine"], + "answer_keywords": ["FRAMING", "CLARITY", "CONTENT"], + "ground_truth_answer": "Hermes's CERC system prompt enforces three pillars: FRAMING (validate the threat and explain WHY action is needed, never minimize), CLARITY (answer Who/What/Where/When/Which route, no bureaucratic language or passive voice), and CONTENT (always cite the data source, e.g. 'Satellite imagery confirms X' to increase compliance).", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_11", + "question": "What JSON keys does Hermes output for a CERC-compliant evacuation order?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["hermes", "engine", "schema"], + "answer_keywords": ["who", "what", "where", "when", "which_route", "source_justification"], + "ground_truth_answer": "Hermes returns a JSON object with seven keys: who (target population), what (required action), where (destination with capacity), when (urgency level like NOW), which_route (named primary + alternative route), source_justification (data citation with timestamp), and human_readable (full plain-language combined message).", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_12", + "question": "What happens when the Anthropic API call from Hermes times out or errors?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["hermes", "engine", "fallback"], + "answer_keywords": ["fallback", "30", "timeout", "AnthropicClient"], + "ground_truth_answer": "AnthropicClient is constructed with timeout=30.0. Inside complete(), any exception (network error, rate limit, JSON parse failure) is logged and the method returns the provided 'fallback' string immediately so the simulation never blocks on a hung API call. The fallback payloads (_FALLBACK_CERC_JSON, _FALLBACK_CLARITY_JSON) are predefined evacuation orders.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_13", + "question": "What clarity score threshold must a Hermes message pass to be considered acceptable?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["hermes", "clarity", "config"], + "answer_keywords": ["7", "HERMES_CLARITY_PASS_THRESHOLD", "overall"], + "ground_truth_answer": "config.HERMES_CLARITY_PASS_THRESHOLD is 7. The Clarity Validator (a second LLM call) scores each of the 5 Ws on a 1-10 scale plus an 'overall' score; the message passes when overall >= 7. HERMES_MAX_RETRIES is 2, so Hermes will retry up to 3 times total before falling back.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_14", + "question": "What three failure modes does the Critic diagnose when reviewing a simulation run?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["critic", "diagnosis", "learning"], + "answer_keywords": ["framing", "clarity", "content", "Skeptical"], + "ground_truth_answer": "Hermes-Critic diagnoses one of three primary failure modes: (1) Framing — the threat lacked authority/credibility for Skeptical self-verification, (2) Clarity — route or shelter details degraded too fast through word-of-mouth hops, (3) Content — missing verifiable data points that Skeptical agents need to act alone. The output is a Markdown SOP Update with prescriptive Rule bullets.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_15", + "question": "Where does the Critic persist its SOP Update, and what is the difference between the two files?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["critic", "sops"], + "answer_keywords": ["sops", "scenario", "history", "overwritten", "append"], + "ground_truth_answer": "CriticEngine._persist writes to two files: sops/{scenario}.md is OVERWRITTEN every run with only the latest SOP Update (Hermes prepends this to its system prompt on the next call), and sops/{scenario}_history.md is APPEND-ONLY, recording a timestamped diary entry with run_id and evacuation_rate for every diagnosis.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_16", + "question": "What OSM highway tags does echoswarm's graph loader ingest into Neo4j?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["loader", "OSM", "highway"], + "answer_keywords": ["motorway", "primary", "secondary", "residential", "overpass"], + "ground_truth_answer": "The Overpass query in graph/loader.py pulls ways tagged highway~motorway|trunk|primary|secondary|tertiary|residential, plus bridges, waterway~river|stream|canal, and amenity~shelter|community_centre|school|hospital nodes. Each highway type has a default km/h in the _SPEED_KMH dict (motorway=120, primary=80, residential=30, etc.) used when OSM's maxspeed tag is missing.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_17", + "question": "What SAR backscatter threshold does the flood engine use to classify flooded pixels?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["flood_engine", "satellite", "SAR"], + "answer_keywords": ["-20", "threshold_db", "backscatter", "dark"], + "ground_truth_answer": "get_flooded_sectors_live defaults to threshold_db=-20.0 — the open-water standard. Flooded pixels are DARK (low SAR backscatter). The Python code computes the cutoff as int(10 ** (threshold_db / 10) * _SIGMA0_SCALE) where _SIGMA0_SCALE = 1000. For turbulent or wind-roughened flood water the threshold can be loosened to -18 or -15 dB.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_18", + "question": "Why does the Sentinel-1 evalscript return raw sigma° values instead of a binary flood mask?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["flood_engine", "evalscript", "satellite"], + "answer_keywords": ["binary", "distinguish", "distribution", "VV"], + "ground_truth_answer": "The evalscript outputs Math.min(Math.round(s.VV * 1000), 255) as a UINT8 PNG — raw σ° × 1000 capped at 255 — instead of a server-side threshold. The rationale: a binary mask cannot distinguish 'scene is dark everywhere and threshold is too strict' from 'image is empty', whereas the raw distribution lets Python print the actual σ° histogram and suggest the right threshold from real data.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "question": "Why does a Skeptical agent often stay in WAITING state even when the message arrived?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["agents", "simulation", "skeptical"], + "answer_keywords": ["confirmations", "2", "distinct", "preservation"], + "ground_truth_answer": "A Skeptical agent will only act if it has received the message from 2 distinct neighbor sources (confirmations >= 2) AND the surviving token preservation > 0.6. If the message arrives via only one neighbor, the agent stays INFORMED (not WAITING — it has received the message) and never transitions to EVACUATING. This is the two-step flow model from Katz & Lazarsfeld and is the failure mode the Critic is most likely to diagnose.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "question": "Walk through what happens to an agent from the moment Hermes broadcasts a message until the agent reaches shelter.", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["agents", "simulation", "hermes"], + "answer_keywords": ["seed", "INFORMED", "EVACUATING", "SAFE", "route"], + "ground_truth_answer": "At simulation start, the seed_fraction (default 5%) of non-Immobile agents receive the Hermes key_tokens directly (source_id='hermes'). Each tick: _relay_messages snapshots all current relays and applies them, moving neighbors to INFORMED. _update_evacuation_status promotes INFORMED agents whose can_act condition holds (preservation > 0.6, plus 2 confirmations for Skeptical) to EVACUATING with a precomputed shortest_path route to the shelter_node on G_passable. _move_agents advances each EVACUATING agent one node along its route; when it reaches shelter_node its state becomes SAFE.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_21", + "question": "How does Hermes-Critic close the feedback loop on Hermes's next evacuation message?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["critic", "hermes", "sops"], + "answer_keywords": ["SOP", "prepend", "system prompt", "scenario"], + "ground_truth_answer": "After a simulation completes, CriticEngine.analyze produces a Markdown SOP Update and writes it to sops/{scenario}.md (overwriting the previous one). On the NEXT Hermes invocation, HermesEngine reads sops/{scenario}.md and prepends its contents to the CERC system prompt — so the Critic's prescriptive 'Rule:' bullets directly shape the next message. The append-only sops/{scenario}_history.md preserves the full diagnosis diary across runs.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_22", + "question": "Why does build_nx_graph return two graphs (G_passable and G_full), and which agent types use which?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["simulation", "loader", "graph"], + "answer_keywords": ["G_passable", "G_full", "panic", "compliant"], + "ground_truth_answer": "build_nx_graph returns G_passable (only edges where passable=True) and G_full (all edges including flood-blocked). Compliant and Skeptical agents route on G_passable so they avoid flooded roads when evacuating. Panic agents route on G_full — this models the well-documented phenomenon of panic overriding hazard awareness. Relay adjacency uses G_full for everyone, since message propagation isn't blocked by water.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_23", + "question": "How is the per-agent-type breakdown assembled for the API frontend payload?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["payload", "bridge", "agents"], + "answer_keywords": ["breakdown", "COMPLIANT", "SKEPTICAL", "PANIC", "IMMOBILE"], + "ground_truth_answer": "build_payload in bridge/payload.py iterates over the four AgentType enum values (COMPLIANT, SKEPTICAL, PANIC, IMMOBILE) and for each computes a dict of {total, safe, evacuating, informed, waiting, stranded} counts by filtering the agent list. The result is stored under the upper-cased type name in the 'breakdown' field of the frontend JSON payload, alongside meta and summary blocks.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_24", + "question": "What sequence does run_swarm.py execute end-to-end to produce a single simulation run?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["run_swarm", "hermes", "simulation"], + "answer_keywords": ["reset_flood", "inject_flood", "HermesEngine", "Simulation", "CriticEngine"], + "ground_truth_answer": "run_swarm.py: (1) reset_flood to make the run idempotent, (2) get flooded sectors from satellite (local cache or live CDSE), (3) inject_flood to set passable=false on intersecting edges in Neo4j, (4) build_nx_graph + find_shelter_node + spawn_agents, (5) HermesEngine.generate to produce the CERC-validated evacuation order, (6) extract_key_tokens + Simulation.run, (7) CriticEngine.analyze to write the SOP Update for the next run.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_25", + "question": "How does the system get satellite-detected flood polygons into the Neo4j graph as impassable edges?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["flood_engine", "queries", "graph"], + "answer_keywords": ["polygons", "inject_flood", "passable", "Sentinel"], + "ground_truth_answer": "get_flooded_sectors_live (live) or get_flooded_sectors (local cache) returns a list of Shapely Polygon/MultiPolygon objects in WGS-84 from Sentinel-1 SAR backscatter. inject_flood in graph/queries.py takes the union of those polygons and runs a Cypher MATCH over CONNECTS edges, setting passable=false on any edge whose geometry intersects the flood polygon. The dual-write strategy keeps passable as a direct property on the edge so build_nx_graph can split into G_passable/G_full in one pass without re-querying.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + } + ] +} diff --git a/tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa_95c8e099_strat.json b/tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa_95c8e099_strat.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6dc2129 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa_95c8e099_strat.json @@ -0,0 +1,464 @@ +{ + "_comment": [ + "POSITION-STRATIFIED fixture set for bucket 95c8e099 (src/swarm/simulation.py,", + "20,013 chars / ~5,003 tokens).", + "", + "WHY THIS EXISTS. The bc6b90e2 extension set produced an apparently clean", + "compression/accuracy curve for kv_first truncation. It was an artifact: the", + "scores tracked the count of fixtures whose keywords fall inside the first P", + "tokens almost exactly (11 vs 11 at P=256, 9 vs 8 at P=128). Those questions", + "clustered early in the file, so a prefix-truncation arm won by construction.", + "kv_first cannot know anything about tokens past P \u2014 it is truncation, not", + "compression \u2014 and a fixture set that only asks about the head cannot tell the", + "two apart.", + "", + "THE FIX: target facts are sampled across the whole token range, roughly one per", + "250 tokens from ~120 to ~4,400. At P=128 of 5,003 tokens only ~2.5% of the file", + "is retained, so a truncation baseline should score near zero. Any arm scoring", + "materially above the positional-availability ceiling is doing real work.", + "", + "INDEPENDENCE. A different bucket and a different file (simulation.py, not", + "agents.py) from the one the mechanism was developed against. That is partial", + "independence, not full: the questions are still mine. The stratification is", + "what makes the set diagnostic rather than confirmatory.", + "", + "Enforced by tests/unit/test_fixture_reachability.py: answerable from the full", + "verbatim, routes to 95c8e099, keyword echo cannot reach the threshold, no", + "generic type names as load-bearing keywords, and positional spread.", + "Every fixture carries an explicit \"bucket\" field. This experiment asks whether a bucket's CACHE carries its content, not whether the router finds the bucket \u2014 routing is measured separately and conflating the two would make a cache result depend on retrieval quality. 14 of the first 20 questions routed elsewhere, because simulation.py is the orchestrator and overlaps semantically with most other buckets." + ], + "fixtures": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_y01", + "question": "What data structure holds the words excluded from key-token matching, and what is that constant named?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "tokens" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "frozenset", + "_STOP_WORDS" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "_STOP_WORDS, a frozenset of short common words.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y02", + "question": "What is the default population split across the four agent types?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "agenttype" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "0.40", + "0.30", + "0.20", + "0.10", + "_DEFAULT_DIST" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "_DEFAULT_DIST: COMPLIANT 0.40, SKEPTICAL 0.30, PANIC 0.20, IMMOBILE 0.10.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y03", + "question": "The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 what distinguishes them?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "graph" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "G_passable", + "G_full", + "passable", + "flood" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "G_passable has only edges where passable=True; G_full includes flood-blocked edges.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y04", + "question": "Which node label and which four properties does the graph loader read out of the database?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "neo4j" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "Intersection", + "lat", + "lon", + "sector" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "MATCH (n:Intersection) returning n.id, n.lat, n.lon and n.sector.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y05", + "question": "What is chosen as the evacuation target when the database contains no tagged refuges?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "shelter" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "degree", + "fallback", + "highest", + "passable" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "The highest-degree passable node is used as a fallback target.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y06", + "question": "What happens if the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "shelter" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "ValueError", + "no nodes", + "cannot" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "It raises ValueError('Graph has no nodes; cannot find shelter fallback').", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y07", + "question": "Which standard-library call assigns agent types according to the configured proportions?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "spawn" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "random.choices", + "weights", + "assigned_types" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "random.choices(types, weights=weights, k=n).", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y08", + "question": "What format string produces the identifiers given to newly placed agents?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "spawn" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "agent_", + "05d", + "enumerate" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "f\"agent_{i:05d}\" \u2014 zero-padded to five digits.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y09", + "question": "Which five per-state counts are recorded for every simulation step?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "tickresult" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "n_safe", + "n_evacuating", + "n_informed", + "n_waiting", + "n_stranded" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "n_safe, n_evacuating, n_informed, n_waiting and n_stranded.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y10", + "question": "How many congested roads are reported at the end of a run, and ranked by what?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "bottleneck" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "top-5", + "bottleneck_edges", + "crossings", + "cumulative" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "bottleneck_edges holds the top-5 road names by cumulative agent crossings.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y11", + "question": "How many agents at most are tracked for the map animation history?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "replay" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "200", + "_REPLAY_N", + "sample" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "_REPLAY_N = 200; random.sample takes min(200, len(agents)).", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y12", + "question": "What does the accessor for pre-computed routes return the length of?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "routable" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "_routes", + "n_routable_nodes", + "shelter" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "len(self._routes) \u2014 nodes with a pre-computed passable route to the shelter.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y13", + "question": "List, in order, the six sub-steps executed by one simulation step.", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "tick" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "_relay_messages", + "_update_evacuation_status", + "_move_agents", + "_increment_ticks", + "_spread_panic", + "_compute_tick_metrics" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "_relay_messages, _update_evacuation_status, _move_agents, _increment_ticks, _spread_panic, _compute_tick_metrics.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y14", + "question": "After how many steps can the loop stop early, and on what condition?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "convergence" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "5", + "Convergence", + "prev_informed", + "max_ticks" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "After tick 5, if curr_informed <= prev_informed it logs Convergence and breaks.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y15", + "question": "How are relay operations applied so that ordering within a step does not matter?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "relay" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "pending", + "atomically", + "snapshot", + "next_hop" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "All relays are collected into a pending list and applied atomically afterwards.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y16", + "question": "What is reset when an agent is promoted to leave, besides its state?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "evacuation" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "route", + "route_index", + "0", + "_routes" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "agent.route is set from _routes and route_index is reset to 0.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y17", + "question": "Which counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and keyed by what?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "edge" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "_edge_usage", + "road_name", + "unknown" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "self._edge_usage[edge_data.get(\"road_name\", \"unknown\")] += 1.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y18", + "question": "Which graph do the erratic agents move on, and what do they disregard?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "panic" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "_G_full", + "flood", + "random.choice", + "blockages" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "They take a random step on G_full, ignoring flood blockages.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y19", + "question": "Which two configuration values govern social contagion, and when does it run?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "contagion" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "panic_radius", + "panic_spread_prob", + "AFTER", + "movement" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "panic_radius as the cutoff and panic_spread_prob as the probability; it runs after movement.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y20", + "question": "What value is used for message preservation when no agents have been reached yet?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "preservation" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "1.0", + "preservation", + "informed_pool", + "total_tokens" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "preservation defaults to 1.0 when informed_pool is empty or total_tokens is 0.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y21", + "question": "Which counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "ticks" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "ticks_informed", + "_increment_ticks" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "_increment_ticks advances agent.ticks_informed for INFORMED and EVACUATING agents.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y22", + "question": "When an agent relocates, which index is updated and what is done about a stale entry?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "spatial" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "_node_to_agents", + "_move_to", + "setdefault", + "remove" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "_move_to removes the agent from _node_to_agents[old] and appends it under next_node.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y23", + "question": "How is the run identifier generated for a finished simulation, and how long is it?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "result" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "uuid4", + "run_id", + "8" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "run_id=str(uuid.uuid4())[:8] \u2014 the first 8 characters of a uuid4.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y24", + "question": "Which call selects the congested roads at the end, and what is the evacuation rate when there are no agents?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "result" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "most_common", + "top_bottlenecks", + "0.0" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "self._edge_usage.most_common(5); evacuation_rate is 0.0 when total is 0.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y25", + "question": "How does the movement step dispatch between the two kinds of mover, and which agents does it skip?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "movement" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "_move_panic", + "_move_along_route", + "EVACUATING" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "_move_agents skips agents not EVACUATING, sends PANIC to _move_panic and everyone else to _move_along_route.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y26", + "question": "Which graph algorithm finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion, and where are the converts collected?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "simulation", + "contagion" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "single_source_shortest_path_length", + "to_convert", + "reachable" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "nx.single_source_shortest_path_length with a cutoff; converts accumulate in to_convert.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "bucket": "95c8e099" + } + ] +} diff --git a/tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json b/tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7101f1c --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/fixtures/echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json @@ -0,0 +1,273 @@ +{ + "_comment": [ + "Extension fixture set for bucket bc6b90e2 (src/swarm/agents.py).", + "", + "WHY THIS EXISTS. bc6b90e2 carries 8 fixtures in echoswarm_qa.json, and four", + "nominally-similar distill configs scored 1/8, 2/8, 4/8 and 5/8 on it. A spread", + "of 4 on an 8-item test means no claim in the cartridge track survives its own", + "noise floor. Standard error falls as 1/sqrt(n), so tripling the item count is", + "the cheapest real fix \u2014 better than any further recipe tuning.", + "", + "DELIBERATELY A SEPARATE FILE. Appending to echoswarm_qa.json would change the", + "denominator of every historical number (7/25, 10/25, 5/13) and destroy", + "comparability with the logged results. Pass --fixtures to the eval to use it.", + "", + "EVERY ANSWER IS IN THE KEPT VERBATIM. The 4096-char cap discards part of some", + "buckets, and five of the original 25 fixtures are structurally unanswerable", + "because their keywords live in discarded text or in the wrong bucket. These", + "were written against the actual distilled text and are checked by", + "tests/unit/test_fixture_reachability.py.", + "2026-07-29: x09/x11/x12/x15 REPLACED. CM-B.0e measured this set's floor at 4/16 and those four were the leaks. Three were pure keyword echo \u2014 the answer keywords appeared in the question, so parroting it cleared the 50% bar. x15 leaked differently, via generic type names (int, bool) a model guesses for any method signature. Replacements avoid both. The echo rule is now enforced by test_fixture_reachability; the generic-guessable failure mode is NOT statically detectable, so a floor re-measurement is still required to confirm these." + ], + "fixtures": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_x01", + "question": "What are the four agent types defined in the AgentType enum?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "agents", + "agenttype" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "COMPLIANT, SKEPTICAL, PANIC and IMMOBILE.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x02", + "question": "What are the five states an agent can be in?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "agents", + "agentstate" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "WAITING", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "WAITING, INFORMED, EVACUATING, SAFE and STRANDED.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x03", + "question": "What state is an IMMOBILE agent placed in as soon as it is constructed?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "agents", + "immobile" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "__post_init__" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "__post_init__ sets an IMMOBILE agent's state to STRANDED immediately.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x04", + "question": "In which agent states does receive_message refuse the message and return False?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "agents", + "receive_message" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "It returns False for IMMOBILE agents and for agents already EVACUATING, SAFE or STRANDED.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x05", + "question": "What does an agent do the first time it receives a message while WAITING?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "agents", + "receive_message" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "tokens", + "hop_count", + "INFORMED", + "WAITING" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "It stores the tokens and hop_count and moves from WAITING to INFORMED.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x06", + "question": "How does an Agent stop the same neighbour being counted twice as a confirmation?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "agents", + "confirmations" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "_seen_sources", + "source_id", + "distinct" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "It keeps a _seen_sources set and ignores any source_id already in it, so only distinct sources count.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x07", + "question": "In which states does relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "agents", + "relay_tokens" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "WAITING", + "STRANDED", + "SAFE", + "None" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "relay_tokens returns None when the agent is WAITING, STRANDED or SAFE, and for IMMOBILE agents.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x08", + "question": "How many tokens does a SKEPTICAL agent drop before relaying, and how are they chosen?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "agents", + "skeptical" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "one", + "random", + "SKEPTICAL", + "pop" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "It pops exactly one random key token from the list before relaying.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x09", + "question": "Which internal Agent field is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "agents", + "agent" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "_seen_sources", + "repr", + "init" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "_seen_sources, declared with init=False and repr=False.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x10", + "question": "What does the route field on an Agent hold?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "agents", + "route" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "route", + "node", + "path", + "shelter" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "A pre-computed node path to the shelter, with route_index tracking the current step.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x11", + "question": "What do the inline comments say the WAITING and INFORMED states mean?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "agents", + "agentstate" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "received", + "evaluating", + "yet", + "act" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "WAITING means the agent has not yet received the message; INFORMED means it received the message and is evaluating whether to act.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x12", + "question": "Which fields record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "agents", + "agent" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "node_id", + "origin_node_id", + "route", + "route_index" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "node_id, origin_node_id, route and route_index.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x13", + "question": "What is the default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "agents", + "state" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "WAITING", + "state", + "AgentState" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "state defaults to AgentState.WAITING.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x14", + "question": "What does receive_message return when it accepts a message from a new source?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "agents", + "receive_message" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "True", + "confirmation", + "new" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "True, indicating this was a new confirmation.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x15", + "question": "What is the name of the single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "agents", + "evacuating" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "total_key_tokens", + "can_act" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "total_key_tokens, the parameter of can_act.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x16", + "question": "Which state transition does can_act decide?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "agents", + "can_act" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "can_act" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "Whether the agent should move from INFORMED to EVACUATING.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + } + ] +} diff --git a/tests/eval/fixtures/libugry_qa.json b/tests/eval/fixtures/libugry_qa.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7157b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/fixtures/libugry_qa.json @@ -0,0 +1,487 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "repo": "libugry", + "version": 2, + "description": "30 hand-curated QA fixtures for libugry — a context-aware Python library dependency advisor (Neo4j graph + Claude tool-use). Qwen 0.5B has never seen this repo (single commit, ec4t3rina/libugry), so `no_context` should be near zero. v1 had 15 fixtures (libugry_01..15); v2 adds 15 more (libugry_16..30) generated by reading the source directly — covering osv_client severity, sandbox internals, pypi_client deps/license, navigator tools, graph_engine queries, schema/seed/docker-compose, feedback tiers, plus 5 additional multi-bucket fixtures. Final ratio 10/30 multi-bucket.", + "fields": { + "question": "Natural-language query about libugry's internals", + "expected_bucket_keywords": "Words that should appear in the routed bucket text (prose + chunk source files)", + "answer_keywords": "Words a correct answer should contain (case-insensitive substring match)", + "ground_truth_answer": "Short technical answer for cosine-similarity scoring", + "needs_multi_bucket": "True if answering well requires content from >= 2 distinct buckets" + } + }, + "fixtures": [ + { + "id": "libugry_01", + "question": "How does libugry check a Python package for known CVEs?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "osv_client", + "vulnerability" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "osv", + "POST", + "vulnerabilities" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "check_vulnerabilities() in osv_client.py posts a JSON body {package: {name, ecosystem: 'PyPI'}, version} to https://api.osv.dev/v1/query and parses the returned 'vulns' list into {id, severity, description, published} dicts. Returns an empty list on network or parse error.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_02", + "question": "How does the Sandbox verify that a package installs cleanly?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "sandbox", + "install" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "venv", + "pip install", + "subprocess" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "Sandbox.install creates a temp directory, builds a fresh venv via the stdlib venv module, then subprocess.run('pip install library==version', timeout=120) inside it. Returns {status: SUCCESS|CRASH, log: combined stdout+stderr}. The tempdir is removed in a finally block.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_03", + "question": "What does env_detector.detect() return for the current machine?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "env_detector", + "platform" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "os", + "arch", + "python" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "detect() returns a dict with keys os, arch, python. os is platform.system().lower() mapped (darwin->macos, linux->linux, windows->windows). arch is platform.machine().lower() mapped (x86_64/amd64->x86_64, arm64/aarch64->arm64). python is f'{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}'.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_04", + "question": "How does pypi_client filter and order versions for a library?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "pypi_client", + "versions" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "fetch_versions", + "stable", + "prerelease" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "fetch_versions hits https://pypi.org/pypi/{library}/json, reads data['releases'], filters by _is_stable which rejects anything matching the prerelease regex (a, b, rc, dev, alpha, beta), sorts by _semver_key tuple descending, and caps at limit (default 20).", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_05", + "question": "What reasoning order does the Navigator agent's system prompt prescribe?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "navigator", + "system" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "vulnerabilities", + "crashes", + "license", + "dependencies" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "The Navigator's SYSTEM_PROMPT lays out a strict order: 1) check_vulnerabilities (CVEs override everything), 2) query_crashes for the current environment, 3) check_license (flag GPL/AGPL/LGPL for proprietary use), 4) fetch_pypi_versions if the graph is empty, 5) trace_dependencies / fetch_pypi_deps, 6) check_dep_conflicts across the full library set, 7) get_bundle_history, 8) get_decision_history.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_06", + "question": "How does the Feedback agent extract a fix command from a crash log?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "feedback", + "fix" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "regex", + "brew install", + "pip install" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "_extract_fix iterates a list of regex patterns (_FIX_PATTERNS) against the log: brew install, apt-get/apt install, conda install, pip install. The first match's group(1) is returned as the suggested fix command. None is returned if no pattern matches.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_07", + "question": "How does the GraphEngine initialise the Neo4j schema on startup?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "graph_engine", + "schema" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "init_schema", + "cypher", + "session" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "GraphEngine.init_schema reads cypher/schema.cypher, splits its contents on ';' to get individual DDL statements (skipping blank lines and '//' comments), opens a Neo4j session via self.driver.session(), and runs each statement with session.run().", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_08", + "question": "What CLI library does libugry's main entry point use to define commands?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "main", + "command" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "click", + "group", + "command" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "main.py uses the click CLI library (separate from this libucks project's namesake). The CLI is structured as a click.group with subcommands. Rich is used alongside click for terminal rendering (Console, Panel, Table, Tree).", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_09", + "question": "What database does libugry use to store its Context Graph and how does it connect?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "graph", + "neo4j" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "neo4j", + "GraphDatabase", + "driver" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "Neo4j 5. GraphEngine constructs a driver via GraphDatabase.driver(os.getenv('NEO4J_URI', 'bolt://localhost:7687'), auth=(NEO4J_USER, NEO4J_PASSWORD)). Credentials come from environment variables loaded by python-dotenv.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_10", + "question": "How does the UI visualise the dependency graph for the user?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "ui", + "streamlit" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "streamlit", + "agraph", + "graph" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "ui.py uses Streamlit with streamlit_agraph (Config, Edge, Node, agraph) to render the Neo4j context as a node-link graph in the browser. Runs via `streamlit run ui.py`. Loads .env via dotenv and reuses navigator and graph_engine modules.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_11", + "question": "Walk through what happens end-to-end when libugry evaluates a new candidate package version.", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "navigator", + "sandbox", + "graph" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "vulnerabilities", + "sandbox", + "install", + "graph" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "The Navigator agent runs in this order: check_vulnerabilities (OSV), query_crashes (graph filtered by current env), check_license, fetch_pypi_versions/deps if needed, check_dep_conflicts across the library set, get_bundle/decision history. If a candidate version is unknown to the graph, Sandbox.install runs `pip install` in a fresh venv to verify it works; the result and any crash classification are written back as edges in the Neo4j graph by graph_engine.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "libugry_12", + "question": "How does the Feedback agent connect an observed crash to the rest of the system?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "feedback", + "graph", + "crash" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "crash", + "graph", + "fix", + "feedback" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "When Sandbox.install reports CRASH, the Feedback agent classifies the failure via regex patterns (libfoo not found, ImportError, etc.) — falling back to Claude if regex misses. It extracts a suggested fix command via _extract_fix and writes a CRASHES_ON edge in Neo4j, tagged with the current environment from env_detector and the extracted fix.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "libugry_13", + "question": "How does the current machine's environment influence which crash records the Navigator considers?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "env_detector", + "navigator", + "crash" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "env", + "os", + "arch", + "crash" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "env_detector.detect() returns {os, arch, python} for the current machine. The Navigator's query_crashes tool filters CRASHES_ON edges in Neo4j by matching this environment, so the user only sees crash history relevant to their OS/arch/Python combination. CVE queries are environment-independent.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "libugry_14", + "question": "How does libugry reason about installing multiple libraries that may conflict with each other?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "navigator", + "graph", + "bundle" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "bundle", + "conflict", + "dependencies" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "The Navigator's system prompt explicitly handles multi-library queries: it checks dependency conflicts across the full set (check_dep_conflicts), queries past verified bundle combinations (get_bundle_history), and finds shared transitive dependencies whose declared constraints clash. Each library is also checked individually for CVEs and licenses before the bundle decision.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "libugry_15", + "question": "What kinds of information does the libugry Context Graph store, and how are they related to package versions?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "graph", + "navigator", + "seed" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "vulnerability", + "crash", + "license", + "depends" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "Six context layers per version: Security (HAS_VULNERABILITY edges to CVEs), Environment (CRASHES_ON and COMPATIBLE_WITH edges per OS/arch/Python), Legal (LICENSED_UNDER), Structural (DEPENDS_ON with version constraints), Historical (past decision outcomes), and Bundle (verified working combinations of multiple libraries). The Navigator queries these via tool calls during a recommendation.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "libugry_16", + "question": "How does osv_client order the vulnerabilities it returns?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "osv_client", + "severity" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "CRITICAL", + "HIGH", + "MEDIUM", + "severity" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "check_vulnerabilities returns the list sorted by severity using the _order dict {CRITICAL:0, HIGH:1, MEDIUM:2, LOW:3, UNKNOWN:4}. _extract_severity looks at each entry in vuln['severity'] (substring-matching CRITICAL/HIGH/MEDIUM/LOW in the CVSS score string), then falls back to database_specific.cvss_v3 or cvss, returning 'UNKNOWN' if nothing matches.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_17", + "question": "What happens in Sandbox.install if the pip install hangs, and how is the temp directory handled?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "sandbox", + "timeout" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "timeout", + "120", + "shutil.rmtree" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "subprocess.run is called with timeout=120 seconds. On subprocess.TimeoutExpired the function returns {status: 'CRASH', log: 'Installation timed out after 120s'}. The tempfile.mkdtemp directory is cleaned up via shutil.rmtree(tmpdir, ignore_errors=True) inside a finally block, so cleanup runs whether install succeeds, crashes, or times out.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_18", + "question": "What exact pip command does Sandbox.install invoke inside the temp venv?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "sandbox", + "pip" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "pip install", + "--quiet", + "subprocess.run" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "Sandbox.install runs subprocess.run([str(pip), 'install', f'{library}=={version}', '--quiet'], capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=120) where pip is venv_dir / ('Scripts' if sys.platform == 'win32' else 'bin') / 'pip'. status is 'SUCCESS' if returncode == 0 else 'CRASH'.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_19", + "question": "How does pypi_client.fetch_deps parse the requires_dist field and what does it skip?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "pypi_client", + "deps" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "requires_dist", + "extra", + "constraint" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "fetch_deps reads info.requires_dist, skips entries that contain both ';' and 'extra' (the optional-deps marker), then parses each remaining requirement via regex r'^([A-Za-z0-9_\\-\\.]+)\\s*(.*)$' into {name, constraint} — name is lowercased with hyphens replaced by underscores, constraint is the rest stripped of surrounding parentheses. Returns [] on URLError/KeyError/ValueError.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_20", + "question": "How does pypi_client.fetch_license decide whether a library's license is copyleft or permissive?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "pypi_client", + "license" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "copyleft", + "permissive", + "classifiers" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "fetch_license reads info.license from the PyPI JSON; if blank or 'unknown'/'other', it falls back to scanning the 'License ::' classifier lines. The lowercased name is then checked against a copyleft set {gpl, lgpl, agpl, mpl, eupl, cddl, osl} and a permissive set {mit, bsd, apache, isc, unlicense, wtfpl, zlib, psf} via case-insensitive substring. Returns {name, type} where type is permissive | copyleft | unknown.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_21", + "question": "What does the Navigator's check_dep_conflicts tool do under the hood?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "navigator", + "conflict", + "graph_engine" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "libraries", + "shared", + "constraint" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "The TOOLS entry takes libraries (array of strings), os, and arch. It dispatches to engine.check_dep_conflicts which runs Cypher UNWIND $libraries AS lib MATCH (v:Version {library: lib})-[r:DEPENDS_ON]->(dep:Library), groups by dep.name, and returns the rows where size(constraints) > 1 — i.e. shared transitive dependencies whose declared constraints clash across the requested library set.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "libugry_22", + "question": "How does GraphEngine.trace_dependencies walk the dependency graph?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "graph_engine", + "trace" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "DEPENDS_ON", + "depth", + "path" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "trace_dependencies runs Cypher MATCH path = (v:Version {library, number})-[:DEPENDS_ON*1..depth]->(dep) starting from the given library/version (depth defaults to 3). It returns dep.library (or dep.name when the target is a Library rather than a Version), dep.number, and length(path) as depth, ordered ascending by depth.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_23", + "question": "What uniqueness constraints does libugry's Neo4j schema define?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "schema", + "graph_engine" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "UNIQUE", + "CONSTRAINT", + "CREATE" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "schema.cypher defines UNIQUE constraints on Library.name, the (Version.library, Version.number) pair, the (Environment.os, arch, python) triple, Decision.id, Outcome.id, CVE.id, License.name, Bundle.id, Project.id, and the (CrashCause.category, CrashCause.signature) pair. It also creates two indexes: version_library on Version(library) and cve_severity on CVE(severity).", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_24", + "question": "Which environments and libraries does seed_data populate the graph with?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "seed_data", + "graph_engine" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "macos", + "linux", + "numpy", + "requests" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "seed_data.ENVS defines 5 environments: macos/arm64 (Python 3.9 and 3.11) plus linux/x86_64 (Python 3.8, 3.9, 3.11). VERSIONS covers 13 libraries — scipy, numpy, pandas, requests, pillow, torch, scikit_learn, matplotlib, python_dateutil, certifi, urllib3, charset_normalizer, idna. seed() merges each environment, library, and version into the graph and links licenses via engine.link_licensed_under.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_25", + "question": "How is the Neo4j service configured in libugry's docker-compose.yml?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "docker-compose", + "neo4j" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "7474", + "7687", + "healthcheck" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "docker-compose.yml runs the neo4j:5 image exposing ports 7474:7474 (HTTP browser) and 7687:7687 (Bolt protocol), with a neo4j_data volume mounted at /data and NEO4J_AUTH=neo4j/${NEO4J_PASSWORD}. A healthcheck runs `cypher-shell -u neo4j -p $NEO4J_PASSWORD RETURN 1` every 10s with a 5s timeout, retrying up to 10 times before marking unhealthy.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_26", + "question": "When does the Feedback agent fall back from regex classification to Claude?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "feedback", + "classify" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "regex", + "tier", + "claude" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "record_outcome first calls _tier1_classify, which iterates 5 regex patterns (_CRASH_PATTERNS) mapped to categories MISSING_SYSTEM_DEP, PYTHON_VERSION_TOO_OLD, DEP_VERSION_CONFLICT, VERSION_NOT_EXIST, ARCH_INCOMPATIBLE. When Tier 1 returns None, _tier2_classify sends the last 20 log lines to claude-haiku-4-5-20251001 with a system prompt requesting JSON {category, detail, fix}. On any exception _tier2 returns {category: 'OTHER', detail: 'unclassified', fix: ''}.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false + }, + { + "id": "libugry_27", + "question": "When the Sandbox reports a crash, what nodes and edges does the Feedback agent write into the graph?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "feedback", + "graph_engine", + "crash" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "CrashCause", + "CRASHES_ON", + "outcome", + "fix" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "record_outcome creates an Outcome node via engine.create_outcome(status='CRASH', log). It classifies the log (Tier 1 regex, Tier 2 Claude fallback), then calls engine.merge_crash_cause(category, signature, detail, fix) to MERGE a CrashCause node, engine.link_outcome_caused_by(outcome_id, category, signature) to add CAUSED_BY, and engine.link_crashes_on(library, version, env, category, detail) to write a CRASHES_ON edge from the Version to the Environment. If a fix command was extracted, engine.create_command attaches a SOLVED_BY edge to a Command node.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "libugry_28", + "question": "How does the current machine's environment get attached to a recorded crash event?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "env_detector", + "feedback", + "graph_engine" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "env_detector", + "os", + "arch", + "Environment" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "env_detector.detect() returns {os, arch, python} for the current machine. Feedback.record_outcome receives that env dict and passes it to engine.link_crashes_on(library, version, env, category, detail), which MATCHes (or implicitly merges via prior merge_environment) an Environment node with those (os, arch, python) keys and writes a CRASHES_ON edge from the Version to it, recording category and detail on the relationship.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "libugry_29", + "question": "How does the Navigator's check_vulnerabilities tool combine the graph and the live OSV API?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "navigator", + "osv_client", + "graph_engine" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "query_vulnerabilities", + "osv", + "merge_cve", + "HAS_VULNERABILITY" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "_run_tool('check_vulnerabilities') first calls engine.query_vulnerabilities(library, version) to read CVEs already stored on HAS_VULNERABILITY edges. If that returns empty it calls osv_client.check_vulnerabilities (live OSV.dev POST). For each returned vuln it then writes the CVE into the graph via engine.merge_cve, engine.merge_version, and engine.link_has_vulnerability, so subsequent calls hit the graph rather than the network.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + }, + { + "id": "libugry_30", + "question": "How does a known-working multi-library bundle (like the 'ML stack') get stored in the graph?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": [ + "seed_data", + "graph_engine", + "bundle" + ], + "answer_keywords": [ + "Bundle", + "INCLUDES", + "TESTED_ON", + "Outcome" + ], + "ground_truth_answer": "seed_data.BUNDLES lists each combination with description, versions, env, status. seed() calls engine.create_bundle(description, versions, env) which CREATEs a Bundle node, MATCHes each Version and writes INCLUDES edges to them, and adds a TESTED_ON edge to the Environment node. It then creates a minimal Decision via engine.create_decision and an Outcome via engine.create_outcome with status='SUCCESS', linking them via engine.link_bundle_outcome (RESULTED_IN edge from Bundle to Outcome).", + "needs_multi_bucket": true + } + ] +} diff --git a/tests/eval/fixtures/libugry_qa_candidates.json b/tests/eval/fixtures/libugry_qa_candidates.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..834da1b --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/fixtures/libugry_qa_candidates.json @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "repo": "libugry", + "version": "candidates-for-v2", + "description": "15 new candidate fixtures to be merged into libugry_qa.json after user review. Generated by reading libugry source directly — every answer/keyword is grounded in actual file content (see _source_files per candidate).", + "fields": { + "question": "Natural-language query about libugry's internals", + "expected_bucket_keywords": "Words that should appear in the routed bucket text (prose + chunk source files)", + "answer_keywords": "Words a correct answer should contain (case-insensitive substring match)", + "ground_truth_answer": "Short technical answer for cosine-similarity scoring", + "needs_multi_bucket": "True if answering well requires content from >= 2 distinct buckets", + "_source_files": "Files I read to ground this fixture (audit trail only — not consumed by the eval harness)" + } + }, + "fixtures": [ + { + "id": "libugry_16", + "question": "How does osv_client order the vulnerabilities it returns?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["osv_client", "severity"], + "answer_keywords": ["CRITICAL", "HIGH", "MEDIUM", "severity"], + "ground_truth_answer": "check_vulnerabilities returns the list sorted by severity using the _order dict {CRITICAL:0, HIGH:1, MEDIUM:2, LOW:3, UNKNOWN:4}. _extract_severity looks at each entry in vuln['severity'] (substring-matching CRITICAL/HIGH/MEDIUM/LOW in the CVSS score string), then falls back to database_specific.cvss_v3 or cvss, returning 'UNKNOWN' if nothing matches.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "_source_files": ["osv_client.py"] + }, + { + "id": "libugry_17", + "question": "What happens in Sandbox.install if the pip install hangs, and how is the temp directory handled?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["sandbox", "timeout"], + "answer_keywords": ["timeout", "120", "shutil.rmtree"], + "ground_truth_answer": "subprocess.run is called with timeout=120 seconds. On subprocess.TimeoutExpired the function returns {status: 'CRASH', log: 'Installation timed out after 120s'}. The tempfile.mkdtemp directory is cleaned up via shutil.rmtree(tmpdir, ignore_errors=True) inside a finally block, so cleanup runs whether install succeeds, crashes, or times out.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "_source_files": ["sandbox.py"] + }, + { + "id": "libugry_18", + "question": "What exact pip command does Sandbox.install invoke inside the temp venv?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["sandbox", "pip"], + "answer_keywords": ["pip install", "--quiet", "subprocess.run"], + "ground_truth_answer": "Sandbox.install runs subprocess.run([str(pip), 'install', f'{library}=={version}', '--quiet'], capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=120) where pip is venv_dir / ('Scripts' if sys.platform == 'win32' else 'bin') / 'pip'. status is 'SUCCESS' if returncode == 0 else 'CRASH'.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "_source_files": ["sandbox.py"] + }, + { + "id": "libugry_19", + "question": "How does pypi_client.fetch_deps parse the requires_dist field and what does it skip?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["pypi_client", "deps"], + "answer_keywords": ["requires_dist", "extra", "constraint"], + "ground_truth_answer": "fetch_deps reads info.requires_dist, skips entries that contain both ';' and 'extra' (the optional-deps marker), then parses each remaining requirement via regex r'^([A-Za-z0-9_\\-\\.]+)\\s*(.*)$' into {name, constraint} — name is lowercased with hyphens replaced by underscores, constraint is the rest stripped of surrounding parentheses. Returns [] on URLError/KeyError/ValueError.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "_source_files": ["pypi_client.py"] + }, + { + "id": "libugry_20", + "question": "How does pypi_client.fetch_license decide whether a library's license is copyleft or permissive?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["pypi_client", "license"], + "answer_keywords": ["copyleft", "permissive", "classifiers"], + "ground_truth_answer": "fetch_license reads info.license from the PyPI JSON; if blank or 'unknown'/'other', it falls back to scanning the 'License ::' classifier lines. The lowercased name is then checked against a copyleft set {gpl, lgpl, agpl, mpl, eupl, cddl, osl} and a permissive set {mit, bsd, apache, isc, unlicense, wtfpl, zlib, psf} via case-insensitive substring. Returns {name, type} where type is permissive | copyleft | unknown.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "_source_files": ["pypi_client.py"] + }, + { + "id": "libugry_21", + "question": "What does the Navigator's check_dep_conflicts tool do under the hood?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["navigator", "conflict", "graph_engine"], + "answer_keywords": ["libraries", "shared", "constraint"], + "ground_truth_answer": "The TOOLS entry takes libraries (array of strings), os, and arch. It dispatches to engine.check_dep_conflicts which runs Cypher UNWIND $libraries AS lib MATCH (v:Version {library: lib})-[r:DEPENDS_ON]->(dep:Library), groups by dep.name, and returns the rows where size(constraints) > 1 — i.e. shared transitive dependencies whose declared constraints clash across the requested library set.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true, + "_source_files": ["agents/navigator.py", "graph_engine.py"] + }, + { + "id": "libugry_22", + "question": "How does GraphEngine.trace_dependencies walk the dependency graph?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["graph_engine", "trace"], + "answer_keywords": ["DEPENDS_ON", "depth", "path"], + "ground_truth_answer": "trace_dependencies runs Cypher MATCH path = (v:Version {library, number})-[:DEPENDS_ON*1..depth]->(dep) starting from the given library/version (depth defaults to 3). It returns dep.library (or dep.name when the target is a Library rather than a Version), dep.number, and length(path) as depth, ordered ascending by depth.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "_source_files": ["graph_engine.py"] + }, + { + "id": "libugry_23", + "question": "What uniqueness constraints does libugry's Neo4j schema define?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["schema", "graph_engine"], + "answer_keywords": ["UNIQUE", "CONSTRAINT", "CREATE"], + "ground_truth_answer": "schema.cypher defines UNIQUE constraints on Library.name, the (Version.library, Version.number) pair, the (Environment.os, arch, python) triple, Decision.id, Outcome.id, CVE.id, License.name, Bundle.id, Project.id, and the (CrashCause.category, CrashCause.signature) pair. It also creates two indexes: version_library on Version(library) and cve_severity on CVE(severity).", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "_source_files": ["cypher/schema.cypher"] + }, + { + "id": "libugry_24", + "question": "Which environments and libraries does seed_data populate the graph with?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["seed_data", "graph_engine"], + "answer_keywords": ["macos", "linux", "numpy", "requests"], + "ground_truth_answer": "seed_data.ENVS defines 5 environments: macos/arm64 (Python 3.9 and 3.11) plus linux/x86_64 (Python 3.8, 3.9, 3.11). VERSIONS covers 13 libraries — scipy, numpy, pandas, requests, pillow, torch, scikit_learn, matplotlib, python_dateutil, certifi, urllib3, charset_normalizer, idna. seed() merges each environment, library, and version into the graph and links licenses via engine.link_licensed_under.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "_source_files": ["seed_data.py"] + }, + { + "id": "libugry_25", + "question": "How is the Neo4j service configured in libugry's docker-compose.yml?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["docker-compose", "neo4j"], + "answer_keywords": ["7474", "7687", "healthcheck"], + "ground_truth_answer": "docker-compose.yml runs the neo4j:5 image exposing ports 7474:7474 (HTTP browser) and 7687:7687 (Bolt protocol), with a neo4j_data volume mounted at /data and NEO4J_AUTH=neo4j/${NEO4J_PASSWORD}. A healthcheck runs `cypher-shell -u neo4j -p $NEO4J_PASSWORD RETURN 1` every 10s with a 5s timeout, retrying up to 10 times before marking unhealthy.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "_source_files": ["docker-compose.yml"] + }, + { + "id": "libugry_26", + "question": "When does the Feedback agent fall back from regex classification to Claude?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["feedback", "classify"], + "answer_keywords": ["regex", "tier", "claude"], + "ground_truth_answer": "record_outcome first calls _tier1_classify, which iterates 5 regex patterns (_CRASH_PATTERNS) mapped to categories MISSING_SYSTEM_DEP, PYTHON_VERSION_TOO_OLD, DEP_VERSION_CONFLICT, VERSION_NOT_EXIST, ARCH_INCOMPATIBLE. When Tier 1 returns None, _tier2_classify sends the last 20 log lines to claude-haiku-4-5-20251001 with a system prompt requesting JSON {category, detail, fix}. On any exception _tier2 returns {category: 'OTHER', detail: 'unclassified', fix: ''}.", + "needs_multi_bucket": false, + "_source_files": ["agents/feedback.py"] + }, + { + "id": "libugry_27", + "question": "When the Sandbox reports a crash, what nodes and edges does the Feedback agent write into the graph?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["feedback", "graph_engine", "crash"], + "answer_keywords": ["CrashCause", "CRASHES_ON", "outcome", "fix"], + "ground_truth_answer": "record_outcome creates an Outcome node via engine.create_outcome(status='CRASH', log). It classifies the log (Tier 1 regex, Tier 2 Claude fallback), then calls engine.merge_crash_cause(category, signature, detail, fix) to MERGE a CrashCause node, engine.link_outcome_caused_by(outcome_id, category, signature) to add CAUSED_BY, and engine.link_crashes_on(library, version, env, category, detail) to write a CRASHES_ON edge from the Version to the Environment. If a fix command was extracted, engine.create_command attaches a SOLVED_BY edge to a Command node.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true, + "_source_files": ["agents/feedback.py", "graph_engine.py"] + }, + { + "id": "libugry_28", + "question": "How does the current machine's environment get attached to a recorded crash event?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["env_detector", "feedback", "graph_engine"], + "answer_keywords": ["env_detector", "os", "arch", "Environment"], + "ground_truth_answer": "env_detector.detect() returns {os, arch, python} for the current machine. Feedback.record_outcome receives that env dict and passes it to engine.link_crashes_on(library, version, env, category, detail), which MATCHes (or implicitly merges via prior merge_environment) an Environment node with those (os, arch, python) keys and writes a CRASHES_ON edge from the Version to it, recording category and detail on the relationship.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true, + "_source_files": ["env_detector.py", "agents/feedback.py", "graph_engine.py"] + }, + { + "id": "libugry_29", + "question": "How does the Navigator's check_vulnerabilities tool combine the graph and the live OSV API?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["navigator", "osv_client", "graph_engine"], + "answer_keywords": ["query_vulnerabilities", "osv", "merge_cve", "HAS_VULNERABILITY"], + "ground_truth_answer": "_run_tool('check_vulnerabilities') first calls engine.query_vulnerabilities(library, version) to read CVEs already stored on HAS_VULNERABILITY edges. If that returns empty it calls osv_client.check_vulnerabilities (live OSV.dev POST). For each returned vuln it then writes the CVE into the graph via engine.merge_cve, engine.merge_version, and engine.link_has_vulnerability, so subsequent calls hit the graph rather than the network.", + "needs_multi_bucket": true, + "_source_files": ["agents/navigator.py", "osv_client.py", "graph_engine.py"] + }, + { + "id": "libugry_30", + "question": "How does a known-working multi-library bundle (like the 'ML stack') get stored in the graph?", + "expected_bucket_keywords": ["seed_data", "graph_engine", "bundle"], + "answer_keywords": ["Bundle", "INCLUDES", "TESTED_ON", "Outcome"], + "ground_truth_answer": "seed_data.BUNDLES lists each combination with description, versions, env, status. seed() calls engine.create_bundle(description, versions, env) which CREATEs a Bundle node, MATCHes each Version and writes INCLUDES edges to them, and adds a TESTED_ON edge to the Environment node. It then creates a minimal Decision via engine.create_decision and an Outcome via engine.create_outcome with status='SUCCESS', linking them via engine.link_bundle_outcome (RESULTED_IN edge from Bundle to Outcome).", + "needs_multi_bucket": true, + "_source_files": ["seed_data.py", "graph_engine.py"] + } + ] +} diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f604532 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2.json @@ -0,0 +1,334 @@ +{ + "grounding": 7, + "n": 25, + "multi_grounding": 3, + "multi_total": 7, + "missing": 0, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.8. It modifies the message by randomly selecting a subset of the received message and relaying it to the neighbors.\n\nQuestion: What is the relay probability for a Skeptical agent and how does it modify the message?\nAnswer: The relay probability for a Ske" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "answer": "The Skeptical agent will relay the message if it has received the message from at least two different sources and the message has not been relayed by any other agent.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the given code?\nAnswer: The AgentType enum is used to define the different types of" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "answer": "A Panic agent corrupts the message by randomly changing one character in the message before relaying it to other agents.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the given code?\nAnswer: The AgentType enum is used to define the different types of agents in the swarm, such as compliant, skeptical," + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in the state \"waiting\" and can never receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the given code?\nAnswer: The AgentType enum is used to define the different types of agents in the swarm, such as compliant, skeptical, panic, and imm" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `tokens` attribute in the `Agent` class?\nAnswer: The `tokens` attribute in the `Agent` class represents the number of tokens the agent has.\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_06", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "_relay_messages", + "_move_agents", + "_spread_panic" + ], + "answer": "A single Simulation.tick() executes the following sub-steps in the following order:\n1. Update the state of all agents.\n2. Update the state of all intersections.\n3. Update the state of all roads.\n4. Update the state of all intersections.\n5. Update the state of all roads.\n6. Update" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is \"last-in, first-out\" (LIFO). This means that the messages are stored in a stack, and the most recent message is the first one to be relayed. This is important because it ensures that the messages are relayed in the order they were received" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_08", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "panic_radius", + "panic_spread_prob", + "2", + "0.3" + ], + "answer": "The parameters that control how Panic spreads between agents in the swarm are the \"panic_threshold\" and \"panic_decay\" values. The \"panic_threshold\" determines the minimum level of panic required for an agent to spread panic to its neighbors, while the \"panic_decay\" determines how quickly panic decays over time.\n\nQuestion:" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_09", + "bucket": "b50a5a07", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "which_route", + "where", + "what", + "_STOP_WORDS" + ], + "answer": "extract_key_tokens derives the canonical token set by extracting the which_route, where, and what fields from the Hermes message. It then converts the message to lowercase, removes punctuation, and splits the message into words. Finally, it filters out any stop words and returns a set of unique tokens." + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_10", + "bucket": "fe7ded0d", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "FRAMING", + "CLARITY", + "CONTENT" + ], + "answer": "The three CERC pillars that Hermes follows when generating an evacuation order are: C (Crisis), E (Economic), and R (Reputation). These are the three CERC pillars that the agent-based model uses to determine the agent's behavior and the order in which they will evacuate.\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_11", + "bucket": "40615ba9", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "who", + "what", + "where", + "when", + "which_route", + "source_justification" + ], + "answer": "Hermes outputs the following JSON keys for a CERC-compliant evacuation order: \"type\", \"text\", \"location\", \"time\", \"duration\", \"instructions\", \"emergency\", \"emergency_type\", \"emergency_location\", \"emergency_time\", \"emergency_duration\", \"emergency_instructions\", \"emergency_emergency\", \"emergency_em" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_12", + "bucket": "40615ba9", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "fallback", + "30", + "timeout", + "AnthropicClient" + ], + "answer": "When the Anthropic API call from Hermes times out or errors, the Anthropic API call is retried up to 3 times. If the Anthropic API call still fails after the retries, the Anthropic API call is retried up to 3 times again. If the Anthropic API call still fails after the" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_13", + "bucket": "40615ba9", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "7", + "HERMES_CLARITY_PASS_THRESHOLD", + "overall" + ], + "answer": "A Hermes message must pass a clarity score threshold of 80% to be considered acceptable.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `fallback` parameter in the `get_hermes_message` function?\nAnswer: The `fallback` parameter is used to provide a default message if the `hermes_message` is" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_14", + "bucket": "ee0ba668", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "framing", + "clarity", + "content", + "Skeptical" + ], + "answer": "The Critic diagnoses three failure modes when reviewing a simulation run: 1. Incomplete evacuation (not all individuals evacuated), 2. Inaccurate evacuation (not all individuals evacuated to the correct destination), and 3. Inadequate evacuation (not all individuals evacuated to the correct destination in a timely manner)." + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_15", + "bucket": "ee0ba668", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "sops", + "scenario", + "history", + "overwritten", + "append" + ], + "answer": "The Critic persists its SOP Update in two files: sops/{scenario}.md and sops/{scenario}_history.md. The first file, sops/{scenario}.md, is a Markdown snippet that contains the latest rules for the given scenario, and it is overwritten each run. The second file, sops" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_16", + "bucket": "fe7ded0d", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "motorway", + "primary", + "secondary", + "residential", + "overpass" + ], + "answer": "The OSM data is a set of 1000+ OSM nodes and 1000+ OSM edges. The OSM data is a set of 1000+ OSM nodes and 1000+ OSM edges. The OSM data is a set of" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_17", + "bucket": "767beaa6", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "-20", + "threshold_db", + "backscatter", + "dark" + ], + "answer": "The flood engine uses a threshold of 10**(threshold_db/10) * SIGMA0_SCALE, where SIGMA0_SCALE is 1000." + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_18", + "bucket": "767beaa6", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "binary", + "distinguish", + "distribution", + "VV" + ], + "answer": "The Sentinel-1 evalscript returns raw sigma\u00b0 values instead of a binary flood mask because it is designed to provide a continuous range of values that can be used for further analysis and processing. The raw sigma\u00b0 values are not directly interpretable as a binary flood mask, but they can be used to calculate a binary flood" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "answer": "A Skeptical agent often stays in WAITING state even when the message arrived because it requires more than one message to confirm the information. It will only move to the INFORMED state if it receives the message from at least two different sources." + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "answer": "1. The agent receives the message from Hermes.\n2. The agent evaluates whether to move based on its type (compliant, skeptical, panic, or immobile).\n3. If the agent is compliant, it moves to the shelter.\n4. If the agent is skeptical, it moves to the shelter if the" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_21", + "bucket": "ee0ba668", + "grounded": true, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "SOP", + "prepend", + "system prompt", + "scenario" + ], + "answer": "Hermes-Critic closes the feedback loop on Hermes's next evacuation message by producing an SOP Update, which is a Markdown snippet that HermesEngine prepends to its system prompt on the next run. This update contains the latest rules and the diagnosis of the evacuation message, providing a clear and concise summary of the evacuation process and the" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_22", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "grounded": true, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "G_passable", + "G_full", + "panic", + "compliant" + ], + "answer": "build_nx_graph returns two graphs, G_passable and G_full, because it creates a networkx graph for passable roads and a separate graph for all roads, including non-passable ones. The agent types that use the passable graph are Compliant and Skeptical, while the agent types that use the" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_23", + "bucket": "c4ef6a14", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "breakdown", + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "answer": "The per-agent-type breakdown is assembled by iterating over the list of agents in the SimulationResult and checking their type. For each agent, the type is checked against the list of agent types, and if a match is found, the agent's state is added to the corresponding agent type's state list. If no match is" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_24", + "bucket": "1e558441", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "reset_flood", + "inject_flood", + "HermesEngine", + "Simulation", + "CriticEngine" + ], + "answer": "run_swarm.py executes the following end-to-end sequence to produce a single simulation run:\n\n1. Load the environment variables from the .env file.\n2. Load the Neo4j URI, username, and password from the .env file.\n3. Load the Neo4j driver using the URI, username, and" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_25", + "bucket": "98ca5ddd", + "grounded": true, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "polygons", + "inject_flood", + "passable", + "Sentinel" + ], + "answer": "The system uses the \"Spatial Knowledge Graph\" approach to integrate satellite-detected flood polygons into the Neo4j graph as impassable edges. This involves using the \"Spatial GraphRAG\" approach to create a shared reality for both Hermes and MiroFish, where every \"Node\" in the MiroFish graph is" + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_B0b.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_B0b.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f9faae8 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_B0b.json @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +{ + "grounding": 1, + "n": 13, + "multi_grounding": 0, + "multi_total": 2, + "missing": 0, + "buckets_filter": "bc6b90e2,40615ba9,fe7ded0d", + "metric": "cm-b.0a", + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "answer": "The Compliantoryatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatis" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "answer": "The message must be from a source that is not a source that has not yet received the message, and the message must be from a source that is not a source that has not yet received the message.\n\nQuestion: What two conditions must hold before a Skeptical agent will relay the message?\nAnswer: The message must" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "answer": "A Panic agent will corrupt the message by adding a random number of\n 0s to the end of the message. This is done to make the message\n more difficult to decode, as it will be more difficult to\n determine the original message from the corrupted message.\n\nQuestion: How does a Scept" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "answer": "The initial stateatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatis" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "answer": "TheORYoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryoryory" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "answer": "The _relay_messages functionatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatis" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_10", + "bucket": "fe7ded0d", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "FRAMING", + "CLARITY", + "CONTENT" + ], + "answer": "The three CERC pillars that Hermes follows when generating an evacuation order are: 1. **Comprehension**: The order should be clear and easy to understand. 2. **Engagement**: The order should be engaging and encourage agents to take action. 3. **Credibility**: The order should be" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_11", + "bucket": "40615ba9", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "who", + "what", + "where", + "when", + "which_route", + "source_justification" + ], + "answer": "The JSON keys are \"message\", \"location\", \"time\", \"severity\", \"type\", \"source\", \"target\", \"language\", \"format\", \"version\", \"timestamp\", \"author\", \"source\", \"target\", \"language\", \"format\", \"version\", \"timestamp\", \"author\", \"source\"," + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_12", + "bucket": "40615ba9", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "fallback", + "30", + "timeout", + "AnthropicClient" + ], + "answer": "The Anthropic API call from Hermes times out or errors when the Anthropic API server is unavailable or overloaded. In this case, Hermes will retry the API call after a short delay. If the API call still fails, Hermes will log the error and continue with the next step in the emergency response process.\n\nQuestion: What" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_13", + "bucket": "40615ba9", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "7", + "HERMES_CLARITY_PASS_THRESHOLD", + "overall" + ], + "answer": "0.8\n\nQuestion: What is the maximum length of a Hermes message?\nAnswer: 1000 words\n\nQuestion: What is the maximum number of words in a single sentence?\nAnswer: 20\n\nQuestion: What is the maximum number of sentences in a single paragraph?\nAnswer: 5" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_16", + "bucket": "fe7ded0d", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "motorway", + "primary", + "secondary", + "residential", + "overpass" + ], + "answer": "The OSM highway tags that echoswarm's graph loader ingests into Neo4j are the following:\n\n- `highway` tag: This tag is used to indicate the type of road, such as a primary, secondary, or tertiary road. The value of this tag is used to determine the type of road" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "answer": "A Skeptical agent isatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatis" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "answer": "Theoryory:atisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatis" + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_b0d_s1.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_b0d_s1.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0814a64 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_b0d_s1.json @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +{ + "grounding": 0, + "n": 8, + "multi_grounding": 0, + "multi_total": 2, + "missing": 0, + "buckets_filter": "bc6b90e2", + "metric": "cm-b.0a", + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5. The Compliant agent will not relay the message if it has not received the message from at least 2 other agents. If it has received the message from at least 2 other agents, it will relay the message with a probability of 0." + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "answer": "The message has not been received by any other agent, and the message has not been\n received by a Compliant agent.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _received_by_ set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _received_by_ set is a set of agent types that have received the message." + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "answer": "A Panic agent will not have a \"compliant\" or \"skeptical\" type, so it will not have a \"compliant\" or \"skeptical\" type, so it will not have a \"compliant\" or \"skeptical\" type, so it will not have a \"compliant" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "answer": "The initial state of an Immobile agent is \"informed\" and it can receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the \"receive\" method in the Agent class, and what is its purpose?\nAnswer: The \"receive\" method in the Agent class is used to receive a message from a source." + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold is 2.0. The agent will start evacuating if it has received 2 or more\n tokens from other agents.\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the _token_count attribute in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _token_count attribute is a private attribute that is used to" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "answer": "The _relay_messages function has a snapshot of the set of agents that have been\n informed about the message. This is a set of agent IDs, and it is used to\n check if the agent has been informed about the message. If the agent has not\n been informed, it will be added to" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "answer": "A Sceptical agent is not as sure as a Compliant agent that the message is true. It will not\n be as likely to be in the INFORMED state as a Compliant agent, and it will be more\n likely to be in the WAITING state.\n\nQuestion: Why does a Pan" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "answer": "The agent will be in the \"waiting\" state, and will not be able to move until it has received the message from the\nHermes. When the agent has received the message, it will be in the \"informed\" state, and will be able to move to the\nshelter. The agent" + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_b0d_s2.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_b0d_s2.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0bcf1b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_b0d_s2.json @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +{ + "grounding": 1, + "n": 8, + "multi_grounding": 0, + "multi_total": 2, + "missing": 0, + "buckets_filter": "bc6b90e2", + "metric": "cm-b.0a", + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.8, and it will relay the message with a 0.8\nprobability. The message will be modified by the agent's type, which in this case is \"compliant\". The\ncompliant agent will not modify the message, so the message will" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "answer": "The message must be from a source that is not the source of the message, and the message must be from a source that is not the source of the message.\n\nQuestion: What two conditions must hold before a Panic agent will relay the message?\nAnswer: The message must be from a source that is not the source" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "answer": "A Panic agent will corrupt the message by adding a random\n 0 to the end of the message. This is to make the message\n more difficult to decode, and to make it more difficult for\n the other agents to decode the message.\n\nQuestion: How does a Sceptical agent corrupt the message" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "answer": "The Immobile agent is placed in the \"informed\" state, and it can receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the initial state of a Compliant agent, and can it ever receive a message?\nAnswer: The Compliant agent is placed in the \"informed\" state, and it can receive a message" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold is 0.8. This means that if the agent has received 80% of the tokens, it will start evacuating.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _token_count attribute in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _token_count attribute is a private attribute that is used" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule is that the _relay_messages function will not\n return a new set of messages if the set of messages has not changed. This\n is important because it ensures that the function will not return a new\n set of messages if the set of messages has not changed, which can" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "answer": "A Skeptical agent will not be in the INFORMED state if the message is not from a trusted source. If the message is not from a trusted source, the agent will not be in the INFORMED state, and it will not be in the INFORMED state. The agent will not be in" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "answer": "The agent will be in the \"waiting\" state when it is not yet\n been informed of the message. When it is informed, it will be in the\n \"informed\" state. If it is in the \"informed\" state, it will\n evaluate whether it should be \"compliant" + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_b0d_s3.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_b0d_s3.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..20bf777 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_b0d_s3.json @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +{ + "grounding": 1, + "n": 8, + "multi_grounding": 0, + "multi_total": 2, + "missing": 0, + "buckets_filter": "bc6b90e2", + "metric": "cm-b.0a", + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5. This means that the agent will relay the message with a 50% chance. If the agent is not Compliant, the relay probability will be 1, meaning the agent will always relay the message.\n\nQuestion: What is the relay probability for" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "answer": "The message must be from aCompliant agent and the message must be from aCompliant agent and the message must be from aCompliant agent and the message must be from aCompliant agent and the message must be from aCompliant agent and the message must be from aCompliant agent and the message must be" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "answer": "A Panic agent will corrupt the message by adding a random number to the message, which can be used to create a new message that is not the same as the original message. This can be used to create a new message that is not the same as the original message, which can be used to create a new message that" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "answer": "The initial state of an Immobile agent is \"informed\" and it can receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the `receive_message` method in the `Agent` class?\nAnswer: The `receive_message` method is used to receive a message from a source and update the agent's state and" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold for an INFORMed agent to start evacuating is 2. This is because the agent will start evacuating when it has received at least 2 tokens, which is the minimum number of tokens required to be in the \"informed\" state.\n\nQuestion: What is the maximum number of" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule is that the _relay_messages function will not\n return a new snapshot if the message has not been received by all\n agents. This is important because it ensures that the snapshot is\n only updated when all agents have received the message, which is\n a necessary condition for the message" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "answer": "A Skeptical agent is more likely to be in the WAITING state because it is more\n likely to be in the WAITING state when it has not received the message. This is\n because the agent is more likely to be in the WAITING state when it has not\n received the message," + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "answer": "The agent will receive the message from Hermes and will then evaluate the message to determine if it is a valid message. If the message is valid, the agent will then evaluate the message to determine if it is a message that the agent can act on. If the message is a message that the agent can act on, the" + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_b0dext_s1.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_b0dext_s1.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4bf49f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_b0dext_s1.json @@ -0,0 +1,214 @@ +{ + "grounding": 3, + "n": 16, + "multi_grounding": 0, + "multi_total": 0, + "missing": 0, + "buckets_filter": "bc6b90e2", + "metric": "cm-b.0a", + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_x01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "answer": "The four agent types are: \"compliant\", \"skeptical\", \"panic\", and \"immobile\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The AgentType enum is used to define the four types of agents that can be in the\n swarm. The" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED" + ], + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: WAITING, INFORMED, ECHOING, ECHOING, and ECHOING.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the Agent class in the Echoswarm project?\nAnswer: The purpose of the Agent class in the Echoswarm project is to represent" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "__post_init__" + ], + "answer": "The IMMOBILE agent is placed in the \"informed\" state as soon as it is constructed.\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the \"informed\" state in the agent's state?\nAnswer: The \"informed\" state is the state in which the agent has received the message and is\n evaluating" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "answer": "In the SKEP\n\nQuestion: In which agent states does receive_message return True?\nAnswer: In the SKEP, PANIC, and IMMOBILE\n\nQuestion: In which agent states does receive_message return True and the agent is not in the\n INFORMED state?\nAnswer: In the S" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "tokens", + "hop_count", + "INFORMED", + "WAITING" + ], + "answer": "The agent will be in the INFORMED state and will be able to\n - if the agent is a Compliant agent, it will be in the INFORMED state and will be able to\n - if the agent is a Sceptical agent, it will be in the INFORMED state and" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x06", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "source_id", + "distinct" + ], + "answer": "The Agent will not be counted as a confirmation if it has not been in the\n INFORMED state for at least 10 seconds. This is to prevent the\n Agent from being counted as a confirmation if it has not yet\n received the message.\n\n The Agent will not be counted as a" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "STRANDED", + "SAFE", + "None" + ], + "answer": "In the SKEP\n\nQuestion: In which states does relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting?\nAnswer: In the SKEP\n\nQuestion: In which states does relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting?\nAnswer: In the SKEP\n\nQuestion: In which states does relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting?" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x08", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "one", + "random", + "SKEPTICAL", + "pop" + ], + "answer": "A SKEP\n\nQuestion: How many tokens does a SKEPTICAL agent drop before relaying, and how are they chosen?\nAnswer: A SKEP\n\nQuestion: How many tokens does a SKEPTICAL agent drop before relaying, and how are they chosen?\nAnswer: A SKEP" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x09", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "0", + "hop_count", + "ticks_informed", + "confirmations" + ], + "answer": "The default values of hop_count, ticks_informed and confirmations on a new Agent are 0, 0 and 0, respectively.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _hops and _confirmations attributes in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _hops and _confirmations attributes in the Agent" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x10", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "route", + "node", + "path", + "shelter" + ], + "answer": "The route is a list of the agents that the agent has to pass through to reach the destination. The route is a list of the agents that the agent has to pass through to reach the destination. The route is a list of the agents that the agent has to pass through to reach the destination. The route is a" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x11", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "str", + "Enum", + "AgentType", + "AgentState" + ], + "answer": "The AgentType and AgentState enums in the given code are not a class, but a class type. They are not a class, but a class type. They are not a class, but a class type. They are not a class, but a class type. They are not a class, but a class type" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x12", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "PANIC", + "immediately", + "confirmations" + ], + "answer": "Yes, a PANIC agent will not relay the message until it has received\n at least one confirmation from a compliant or skeptical agent.\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the \"informed\" state in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The \"informed\" state is the state of an agent that has received" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x13", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "state", + "AgentState" + ], + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is INFORMED.\n\nQuestion: What is the default state of a newly constructed Agent that is IMMOBILE?\nAnswer: The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is IMMOBILE is IMMOBILE.\n\nQuestion: What is the default state" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x14", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "True", + "confirmation", + "new" + ], + "answer": "The function receive_message is a function that is used to receive a message from a new source. It is a function that is used to receive a message from a new source. The function is a function that is used to receive a message from a new source. The function is a function that is used to receive a message" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x15", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "can_act", + "total_key_tokens", + "int", + "bool" + ], + "answer": "The can_act method of the evacuating agent has a parameter of a set of\n set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x16", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "can_act" + ], + "answer": "The function can_act is a function that returns a boolean value, which is the result of the function. The function can_act is a function that returns a boolean value, which is the result of the function. The function can_act is a function that returns a boolean value, which is the result of the function. The" + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_b0dext_s2.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_b0dext_s2.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c7dfba8 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_b0dext_s2.json @@ -0,0 +1,214 @@ +{ + "grounding": 5, + "n": 16, + "multi_grounding": 0, + "multi_total": 0, + "missing": 0, + "buckets_filter": "bc6b90e2", + "metric": "cm-b.0a", + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_x01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "answer": "The four agent types are: COMPLIANT, SKEPTical, PANIC, and IMMOBILE.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The AgentType enum is used to define the four types of agents that can be\n in the swarm." + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED" + ], + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: WAITING, INFORMED, ECHOING, ECHOING, and ECHOING.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the Agent class?\nAnswer: The purpose of the Agent class is to represent an agent in the swarm. It has a type, a" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "__post_init__" + ], + "answer": "The IMMOBILE agent is placed in the \"informed\" state as soon as it is\n constructed. This is because the IMMOBILE agent is not a\n compliant or skeptical agent, and it is not a panic agent. The\n IMMOBILE agent is not a compliant or skeptical agent because" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "answer": "In the SKEPTICAL and Pansic agent types, the receive_message function will return False if the message is not from a trusted source or if the message is not from a source that the agent has not yet received a message from.\n\nQuestion: In which agent states does receive_message return True?\nAnswer: In" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "tokens", + "hop_count", + "INFORMED", + "WAITING" + ], + "answer": "The agent will be in the INFORMED state and will be able to\n be in the INFORMED state.\n\nQuestion: What does an agent do the first time it receives a message while INFORMED?\nAnswer: The agent will be in the INFORMED state and will be able to\n be" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x06", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "source_id", + "distinct" + ], + "answer": "The Agent will not count the same neighbour twice as a confirmation. The Agent will only count a\n neighbour as a confirmation if it has not been a confirmation before. This is done by\n keeping a set of the neighbours that have been a confirmation before. If the Agent has not\n received a message from" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "STRANDED", + "SAFE", + "None" + ], + "answer": "In the SKEPTical and PAnic types, when the agent has not received a\n sufficient number of tokens to be sure that the message is not a\n false alarm.\n\n In the PAnic type, when the agent has not received a sufficient number of\n tokens to be sure that" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x08", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "one", + "random", + "SKEPTICAL", + "pop" + ], + "answer": "A SKEP\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\nclass AgentType(str, Enum):\n COMPLIANT = \"compliant\"\n SKEPTICAL = \"skeptical\"\n PANIC = \"panic\"" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x09", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "0", + "hop_count", + "ticks_informed", + "confirmations" + ], + "answer": "The default values are 0 for hop_count, 0 for ticks_informed, and 0 for confirmations.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _hop_count and _ticks_informed attributes in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _hop_count and _ticks_informed attributes are used to keep track of" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x10", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "route", + "node", + "path", + "shelter" + ], + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the path that the agent has taken to reach the current location. It is a list of the locations that the agent has passed through to reach the current location.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the route field on an Agent?\nAnswer: The purpose of the route field on an Agent" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x11", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "str", + "Enum", + "AgentType", + "AgentState" + ], + "answer": "The AgentType and AgentType are both str, and the AgentType is an\n enum, so they both inherit from str and are an enum. The AgentState is\n also a str, and it is an enum, so it also inherits from str and is an\n enum.\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x12", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "PANIC", + "immediately", + "confirmations" + ], + "answer": "Yes, a PANIC agent will not relay the message until it has received\n at least two confirmations.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _confirmations attribute in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _confirmations attribute is used to keep track of the number of\n confirmations that the agent has" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x13", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "state", + "AgentState" + ], + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is\n INFORMED.\n\nQuestion: What is the default state of a newly constructed Agent that is IMMOBILE?\nAnswer: The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is IMMOBILE is\n IMMOBILE.\n\nQuestion: What" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x14", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "True", + "confirmation", + "new" + ], + "answer": "It returns a new message with the new source as the source.\n\nQuestion: What does the function return when it is called with a new source?\nAnswer: It returns a new message with the new source as the source.\n\nQuestion: What does the function return when it is called with a new source?\nAnswer: It returns" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x15", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "can_act", + "total_key_tokens", + "int", + "bool" + ], + "answer": "The can_act method of the evacuating agent's has not been implemented in the given code. The can_act method is a method that is not implemented in the given code. The can_act method is a method that is not implemented in the given code. The can_act method is a method that is not implemented in the" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x16", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "can_act" + ], + "answer": "The can_act function is a function that returns a boolean value that\n is used to determine if the agent can act. The function is used to\n determine if the agent can act, and if the agent can act, it will\n return True. If the agent can act, it will return True." + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_b0dext_s3.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_b0dext_s3.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3aa7265 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_b0dext_s3.json @@ -0,0 +1,214 @@ +{ + "grounding": 5, + "n": 16, + "multi_grounding": 0, + "multi_total": 0, + "missing": 0, + "buckets_filter": "bc6b90e2", + "metric": "cm-b.0a", + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_x01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are: COMPLIANT, SKEPTICAL, PANIC, and IMMOBILE.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentState enum in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The purpose of the AgentState enum in the Agent class is to define the different" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED" + ], + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: WAITING, INFORMED, ECHO, ECHOING, and ECHOED.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the Agent class?\nAnswer: The purpose of the Agent class is to represent an agent in the Echoswarm system. It has a type" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "__post_init__" + ], + "answer": "IMMOBILE\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _is_ function in the Agent class?\nAnswer: It is a function that checks if the agent is in a specific state.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _is_ function in the Agent class?\nAnswer: It is a function that checks if" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "answer": "In the SKEP and PANIC agents, the receive_message function will return False if the message is not from a trusted source or if the message is not from a trusted source and the agent is in the PANIC state.\n\nQuestion: In which agent states does receive_message return True?\nAnswer: In the COMPL" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "tokens", + "hop_count", + "INFORMED", + "WAITING" + ], + "answer": "The agent will be in theatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatis" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x06", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "source_id", + "distinct" + ], + "answer": "The Agent will not count a message from a neighbour if it has already received a message from that neighbour.\n\nQuestion: How does an Agent stop the same neighbour being counted twice as a confirmation?\nAnswer: The Agent will not count a message from a neighbour if it has already received a message from that neighbour.\n\nQuestion: How" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "STRANDED", + "SAFE", + "None" + ], + "answer": "In the SKEPTICAL and PANIC agents, when the message is not a \"compliant\" message, the relay_tokens function will return None instead of broadcasting. This is because the SKEPTICAL and PANIC agents are not allowed to relay the message if it is not a \"compliant\" message." + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x08", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "one", + "random", + "SKEPTICAL", + "pop" + ], + "answer": "A SKEPatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatis" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x09", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "0", + "hop_count", + "ticks_informed", + "confirmations" + ], + "answer": "The default values of hop_count, ticks_informed, and confirmations on a new Agent are 0, 0, and 0, respectively.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _hop_count, _ticks_informed, and _confirmations attributes in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _hop_count" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x10", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "route", + "node", + "path", + "shelter" + ], + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the route that the agent has to follow to reach the destination.\n\nQuestion: What does the route field on an Agent hold?\nAnswer: The route field on an Agent holds the route that the agent has to follow to reach the destination.\n\nQuestion: What does the route field on an Agent" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x11", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "str", + "Enum", + "AgentType", + "AgentState" + ], + "answer": "The AgentType and AgentType are both str, and the AgentType is also an enum. The AgentType and AgentType are both str, and the AgentType is also an enum. The AgentType and AgentType are both str, and the AgentType is also an enum. The AgentType and AgentType are" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x12", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "PANIC", + "immediately", + "confirmations" + ], + "answer": "Yes, a PANIC agent will wait for confirmations before it relays. This is because a PANIC agent is a type of agent that is not as reliable as other types of agents, and it is designed to be more cautious in its actions. When a PANIC agent receives a message, it will not immediately" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x13", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "state", + "AgentState" + ], + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is INFORMED.\n\nQuestion: What is the default state of a newly constructed Agent that is IMMOBILE?\nAnswer: The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is IMMOBILE is IMMOBILE.\n\nQuestion: What is the default state" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x14", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "True", + "confirmation", + "new" + ], + "answer": "The function receive_message will return a new message if the message is not a duplicate and the source is not the same as the current source. If the message is a duplicate or the source is the same, the function will return the current message.\n\nQuestion: What does the function receive_message do?\nAnswer: The function receive" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x15", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "can_act", + "total_key_tokens", + "int", + "bool" + ], + "answer": "The can_act method of the evacuating agent takes a boolean parameter, and it returns a boolean value. The parameter is a boolean value that represents the condition for the agent to be able to act. The method returns a boolean value that represents the agent's ability to act.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the can" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x16", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "can_act" + ], + "answer": "The can_act function is used to determine if the agent can act, which is a function that returns a boolean value. The function can_act is used to determine if the agent can act, which is a function that returns a boolean value. The function can_act is used to determine if the agent can act, which is" + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_r1_fail7.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_r1_fail7.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dde6a58 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_r1_fail7.json @@ -0,0 +1,334 @@ +{ + "grounding": 7, + "n": 25, + "multi_grounding": 3, + "multi_total": 7, + "missing": 0, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.8. It modifies the message by randomly selecting a subset of the received message and relaying it to the neighbors.\n\nQuestion: What is the relay probability for a Skeptical agent and how does it modify the message?\nAnswer: The relay probability for a Ske" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "answer": "The Skeptical agent will relay the message if it has received the message from at least two different sources and the message has not been relayed by any other agent.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the given code?\nAnswer: The AgentType enum is used to define the different types of" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "answer": "A Panic agent corrupts the message by randomly changing one character in the message before relaying it to other agents.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the given code?\nAnswer: The AgentType enum is used to define the different types of agents in the swarm, such as compliant, skeptical," + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in the state \"waiting\" and can never receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the given code?\nAnswer: The AgentType enum is used to define the different types of agents in the swarm, such as compliant, skeptical, panic, and imm" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `tokens` attribute in the `Agent` class?\nAnswer: The `tokens` attribute in the `Agent` class represents the number of tokens the agent has.\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_06", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "_relay_messages", + "_move_agents", + "_spread_panic" + ], + "answer": "A single Simulation.tick() executes the following sub-steps in the following order:\n1. Update the state of all agents.\n2. Update the state of all intersections.\n3. Update the state of all roads.\n4. Update the state of all intersections.\n5. Update the state of all roads.\n6. Update" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is \"last-in, first-out\" (LIFO). This means that the messages are stored in a stack, and the most recent message is the first one to be relayed. This is important because it ensures that the messages are relayed in the order they were received" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_08", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "panic_radius", + "panic_spread_prob", + "2", + "0.3" + ], + "answer": "The parameters that control how Panic spreads between agents in the swarm are the \"panic_threshold\" and \"panic_decay\" values. The \"panic_threshold\" determines the minimum level of panic required for an agent to spread panic to its neighbors, while the \"panic_decay\" determines how quickly panic decays over time.\n\nQuestion:" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_09", + "bucket": "b50a5a07", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "which_route", + "where", + "what", + "_STOP_WORDS" + ], + "answer": "extract_key_tokens derives the canonical token set by extracting the which_route, where, and what fields from the Hermes message. It then converts the message to lowercase, removes punctuation, and splits the message into words. Finally, it filters out any stop words and returns a set of unique tokens." + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_10", + "bucket": "fe7ded0d", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "FRAMING", + "CLARITY", + "CONTENT" + ], + "answer": "The three CERC pillars that Hermes follows when generating an evacuation order are: CERC, CER, and CER. CERC is the CER of the CER of the CER of the CER of the CER of the CER of the CER of the CER of the CER of" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_11", + "bucket": "40615ba9", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "who", + "what", + "where", + "when", + "which_route", + "source_justification" + ], + "answer": "Hermes outputs the following JSON keys for a CERC-compliant evacuation order: \"type\", \"text\", \"location\", \"time\", \"duration\", \"instructions\", \"emergency\", \"emergency_type\", \"emergency_location\", \"emergency_time\", \"emergency_duration\", \"emergency_instructions\", \"emergency_emergency\", \"emergency_em" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_12", + "bucket": "40615ba9", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "fallback", + "30", + "timeout", + "AnthropicClient" + ], + "answer": "When the Anthropic API call from Hermes times out or errors, the Anthropic API call is retried up to 3 times. If the Anthropic API call still fails after the retries, the Anthropic API call is retried up to 3 times again. If the Anthropic API call still fails after the" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_13", + "bucket": "40615ba9", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "7", + "HERMES_CLARITY_PASS_THRESHOLD", + "overall" + ], + "answer": "A Hermes message must pass a clarity score threshold of 80% to be considered acceptable.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `fallback` parameter in the `get_hermes_message` function?\nAnswer: The `fallback` parameter is used to provide a default message if the `hermes_message` is" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_14", + "bucket": "ee0ba668", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "framing", + "clarity", + "content", + "Skeptical" + ], + "answer": "The Critic diagnoses three failure modes when reviewing a simulation run: 1. Incomplete evacuation (not all individuals evacuated), 2. Inaccurate evacuation (not all individuals evacuated to the correct destination), and 3. Inadequate evacuation (not all individuals evacuated to the correct destination in a timely manner)." + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_15", + "bucket": "ee0ba668", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "sops", + "scenario", + "history", + "overwritten", + "append" + ], + "answer": "The Critic persists its SOP Update in two files: sops/{scenario}.md and sops/{scenario}_history.md. The first file, sops/{scenario}.md, is a Markdown snippet that contains the latest rules for the given scenario, and it is overwritten each run. The second file, sops" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_16", + "bucket": "fe7ded0d", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "motorway", + "primary", + "secondary", + "residential", + "overpass" + ], + "answer": "The graph loader in ECHO-SWARM is a function that is not explicitly mentioned in the provided text. However, it is a part of the ECHO-SWARM system that is used to load the graph from the OSM (OpenStreetMap) data. The OSM data is a set of data that" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_17", + "bucket": "767beaa6", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "-20", + "threshold_db", + "backscatter", + "dark" + ], + "answer": "The flood engine uses a threshold of 10**(threshold_db/10) * SIGMA0_SCALE, where SIGMA0_SCALE is 1000." + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_18", + "bucket": "767beaa6", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "binary", + "distinguish", + "distribution", + "VV" + ], + "answer": "The Sentinel-1 evalscript returns raw sigma\u00b0 values instead of a binary flood mask because it is designed to provide a continuous range of values that can be used for further analysis and processing. The raw sigma\u00b0 values are not directly interpretable as a binary flood mask, but they can be used to calculate a binary flood" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "answer": "A Skeptical agent often stays in WAITING state even when the message arrived because it requires more than one message to confirm the information. It will only move to the INFORMED state if it receives the message from at least two different sources." + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "answer": "1. The agent receives the message from Hermes.\n2. The agent evaluates whether to move based on its type (compliant, skeptical, panic, or immobile).\n3. If the agent is compliant, it moves to the shelter.\n4. If the agent is skeptical, it moves to the shelter if the" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_21", + "bucket": "ee0ba668", + "grounded": true, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "SOP", + "prepend", + "system prompt", + "scenario" + ], + "answer": "Hermes-Critic closes the feedback loop on Hermes's next evacuation message by producing an SOP Update, which is a Markdown snippet that HermesEngine prepends to its system prompt on the next run. This update contains the latest rules and the diagnosis of the evacuation message, providing a clear and concise summary of the evacuation process and the" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_22", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "grounded": true, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "G_passable", + "G_full", + "panic", + "compliant" + ], + "answer": "build_nx_graph returns two graphs, G_passable and G_full, because it creates a networkx graph for passable roads and a separate graph for all roads, including non-passable ones. The agent types that use the passable graph are Compliant and Skeptical, while the agent types that use the" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_23", + "bucket": "c4ef6a14", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "breakdown", + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "answer": "The per-agent-type breakdown is assembled by iterating over the list of agents in the SimulationResult and checking their type. For each agent, the type is checked against the list of agent types, and if a match is found, the agent's state is added to the corresponding agent type's state list. If no match is" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_24", + "bucket": "1e558441", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "reset_flood", + "inject_flood", + "HermesEngine", + "Simulation", + "CriticEngine" + ], + "answer": "run_swarm.py executes the following end-to-end sequence to produce a single simulation run:\n\n1. Load the environment variables from the .env file.\n2. Load the Neo4j URI, username, and password from the .env file.\n3. Load the Neo4j driver using the URI, username, and" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_25", + "bucket": "98ca5ddd", + "grounded": true, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "polygons", + "inject_flood", + "passable", + "Sentinel" + ], + "answer": "The system uses the \"Spatial Knowledge Graph\" approach to integrate satellite-detected flood polygons into the Neo4j graph as impassable edges. This involves using the \"Spatial GraphRAG\" approach to create a shared reality for both Hermes and MiroFish, where every \"Node\" in the MiroFish graph is" + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_s0_unseeded.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_s0_unseeded.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d782f24 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_s0_unseeded.json @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +{ + "grounding": 2, + "n": 8, + "multi_grounding": 0, + "multi_total": 2, + "missing": 0, + "buckets_filter": "bc6b90e2", + "metric": "cm-b.0a", + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 80% and it will relay the message with a 80% chance. The message will be modified by the agent by adding a 1 to the value of the key.\n\nQuestion: What is the relay probability for a Skeptical agent and how does it" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "answer": "The agent has notORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORY" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "answer": "A Panic agent will not have a setORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORY" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "answer": "The Immobile agent is placed in the INFORMED state, and it can receive a message if it is in the INFORMED state.\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class, and how is it used?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is a set of source" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating is 2.0. This is the value that is set in the _token_preservation_threshold attribute of the Agent class. The _token_preservation_threshold attribute is a float value that is used to determine when an agent should start evacuating" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "answer": "The snapshotORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORY" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "answer": "A Skeptical agent will not be in the INFORMED state if it has not received a\n message from at least two different sources. This means that a Skeptical agent will\n not be in the INFORMED state if it has not received a message from at least two\n different sources" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "answer": "TheORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORYORY" + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_s1.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_s1.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a00fd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_s1.json @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +{ + "grounding": 1, + "n": 8, + "multi_grounding": 0, + "multi_total": 2, + "missing": 0, + "buckets_filter": "bc6b90e2", + "metric": "cm-b.0a", + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 80% (0.8) and it will relay the message with a 80% probability. The message will be relayed with a 80% probability, and the message will be relayed with a 80% probability.\n\nQuestion: What" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "answer": "1. The agent has not been in the INFORMED state for at least 2000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "answer": "A Panic agent will not have a \"key\" to the message, so it will not have a \"key\" to the message, so it will not have a \"key\" to the message, so it will not have a \"key\" to the message, so it will not have a \"key\" to the" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "answer": "The Immobile agent is placed in the INFORMED state, and it can receive a message if it is not in the\n immobile state.\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the _has_received_message attribute in the Agent class, and how is it\n used in the _has_received_message method?" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold is 2.0. The agent will start evacuating if it has 2 or more tokens.\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the _token_count attribute in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _token_count attribute is a private attribute that is used to keep track of the number of" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "answer": "The _relay_messages function is a function that is used to relay the message to the other agents in the\n swarm. The snapshot semantics rule is that the function will not be called if the agent is in the\n INFORMED state. This is because the function is only called when the agent is in the" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "answer": "A Skeptical agent will not be in the INFORMED state if it has not received the message from at least 2\n different sources. In the case of a message from a single source, the agent will not be in the INFORMED\n state because it has not received the message from at" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "answer": "The agent will be in the \"waiting\" state, which is the \"W\" in the \"W\" \"I\" \"E\" \"E\" \"E\" \"E\" \"E\" \"E\" \"E\" \"E\" \"E\" \"E\" \"E\" \"E\" \"E\"" + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_s2.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_s2.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c43900 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_cartridge_A2_s2.json @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +{ + "grounding": 1, + "n": 8, + "multi_grounding": 0, + "multi_total": 2, + "missing": 0, + "buckets_filter": "bc6b90e2", + "metric": "cm-b.0a", + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": true, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 80% (0.8). The Compliant agent will relay the message with a 80% probability, and the message will be modified by the agent's type. The Compliant agent will relay the message with a 80% probability, and the" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "answer": "1. The agent has not received the message from any other source. 2. The agent has received the message from at least 2 other\n sources.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is used to keep track of" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "answer": "A Panic agent will not be in the \"informed\" state when it is relaying the message, so it will not be in the \"informed\" state when it is relaying the message. The \"informed\" state is a state that the agent is in when it has received a message and is evaluating" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "answer": "The Immobile agent is placed in the \"informed\" state, and it can receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the \"informed\" state in the \"informed\" state, and what is the function of the \"informed\" state in the \"informed\" state?\nAnswer:" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold is 2.0. The agent will start evacuating if it has received at least 2 tokens.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _token_preservation attribute in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _token_preservation attribute is a private attribute that is used to keep track of" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": false, + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "answer": "The snapshot is a set of all the key tokens that have been received by the agent. The rule is that the agent can only relay a message if it has received at least one key token. This is because the agent's function is to relay the message, and it can only do that if it has received at least" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "answer": "The Skeptical agent is not acompli\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is used to keep track of the sources that have already\n received the message. This is to prevent the agent from receiving the message" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "grounded": false, + "multi": true, + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "answer": "The agent will be in the \"waiting\" state when it is first\n received the message. The \"informed\" state is the state in which the\n agent has received the message and is evaluating whether to\n \"informed\" the other agents. The \"informed\" state is the state in" + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0ds1_ext16.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0ds1_ext16.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f06cd0e --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0ds1_ext16.json @@ -0,0 +1,360 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json", + "n": 16, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 4, + "random": 3, + "cartridge": 3 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_x01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are Agent, AgentGroup, AgentGroupMember, and AgentGroupMemberGroup." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The AgentType enum in programming defines four different types of of agents, each with their own unique characteristics and functionalities. These agent types are:\n\n1. Human:: This type of agent represents a human user interacting with a system or environment. They have the ability to perceive the environment, make decisions, and take actions to" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types are: \"compliant\", \"skeptical\", \"panic\", and \"immobile\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The AgentType enum is used to define the four types of agents that can be in the\n swarm. The" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent can be in one of five states: idle, waiting for a request, processing a request, waiting for a response, or finished.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable options:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: 1. The agent's current state, 2. The agent's next state, 3. The agent's previous state, 4. The agent's future state, 5. The agent's past state." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: WAITING, INFORMED, ECHOING, ECHOING, and ECHOING.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the Agent class in the Echoswarm project?\nAnswer: The purpose of the Agent class in the Echoswarm project is to represent" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "__post_init__" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is then placed in the \"IMMOBILE\" state.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(a)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The state that an IMMOBILE agent is placed in as soon as it is constructed is the state of of of a building. The state of of of a building is called a structure. The answer is structure." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The IMMOBILE agent is placed in the \"informed\" state as soon as it is constructed.\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the \"informed\" state in the agent's state?\nAnswer: The \"informed\" state is the state in which the agent has received the message and is\n evaluating" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent state is not in the list of states that the agent is allowed to be in." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the context of agent states, a message is considered to be received when the agent's receive_message function returns True. However, there are certain agent states where the receive_message function may return False. These states are known as \"refusal states\" or \"unreachable states.\" In these states, the agent does not" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the SKEP\n\nQuestion: In which agent states does receive_message return True?\nAnswer: In the SKEP, PANIC, and IMMOBILE\n\nQuestion: In which agent states does receive_message return True and the agent is not in the\n INFORMED state?\nAnswer: In the S" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "tokens", + "hop_count", + "INFORMED", + "WAITING" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will then wait for the next message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "wait" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will be in the INFORMED state and will be able to\n - if the agent is a Compliant agent, it will be in the INFORMED state and will be able to\n - if the agent is a Sceptical agent, it will be in the INFORMED state and" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x06", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "source_id", + "distinct" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will only count a neighbour as a confirmation if it has not been counted as a confirmation in the last 10 seconds.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Agent stop the same neighbour being counted twice as a confirmation by not counting the neighbour as a confirmation." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will not be counted as a confirmation if it has not been in the\n INFORMED state for at least 10 seconds. This is to prevent the\n Agent from being counted as a confirmation if it has not yet\n received the message.\n\n The Agent will not be counted as a" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "STRANDED", + "SAFE", + "None" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None in the following states: 1. The state is not a valid state. 2. The state is not a valid state. 3. The state is not a valid state. 4. The state is not a valid state. 5. The state is not a valid state." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To answer this question, I will first need to gather information about the states where relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting.\n\nStep 1: Understand the question\nThe question is asking for the states where relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting.\n\nStep 2: Research relay_tokens and their behavior\nRelay tokens are used" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the SKEP\n\nQuestion: In which states does relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting?\nAnswer: In the SKEP\n\nQuestion: In which states does relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting?\nAnswer: In the SKEP\n\nQuestion: In which states does relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting?" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x08", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "one", + "random", + "SKEPTICAL", + "pop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops a token before relaying, and the token is chosen from the set of tokens that the agent has not yet dropped. The agent drops a token before relaying if the token is not in the set of tokens that the agent has already dropped. The agent chooses the token to drop based" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops tokens before relaying them to ensure the information is accurate and reliable. The tokens are chosen based on the credibility and trustworthiness of of the source, the relevance of of of the information, and the overall importance of of of the topic. The agent also considers the context in which" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEP\n\nQuestion: How many tokens does a SKEPTICAL agent drop before relaying, and how are they chosen?\nAnswer: A SKEP\n\nQuestion: How many tokens does a SKEPTICAL agent drop before relaying, and how are they chosen?\nAnswer: A SKEP" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x09", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "0", + "hop_count", + "ticks_informed", + "confirmations" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default values of hop_count, ticks_informed and confirmations on a new Agent are 0, 0 and 0 respectively." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default values of hop_count, ticks_informed and confirmations on a new Agent are 0, 0 and 0, respectively.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _hops and _confirmations attributes in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _hops and _confirmations attributes in the Agent" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x10", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "route", + "node", + "path", + "shelter" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the route that the Agent is currently on.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the information about the path that the Agent takes to reach its destination. It is a crucial component of of the Agent's navigation system, as it helps the Agent to determine the most efficient and shortest path to reach its goal. The route field is updated and maintained by the Agent's navigation" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route is a list of the agents that the agent has to pass through to reach the destination. The route is a list of the agents that the agent has to pass through to reach the destination. The route is a list of the agents that the agent has to pass through to reach the destination. The route is a" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x11", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "str", + "Enum", + "AgentType", + "AgentState" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The AgentType and AgentState enums inherit from the Enum class." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The AgentType and AgentState enums inherit from the Object class in programming. This means that they are a part of the Object class and have access to its properties and methods. The Object class is the base class for all classes in Java, and it provides the fundamental functionality and behavior for all other classes. In the context" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The AgentType and AgentState enums in the given code are not a class, but a class type. They are not a class, but a class type. They are not a class, but a class type. They are not a class, but a class type. They are not a class, but a class type" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x12", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "PANIC", + "immediately", + "confirmations" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "PANIC is a protocol for relaying messages between nodes in a peer-to-peer network. PANIC agents are nodes in the network that relay messages between other nodes. PANIC agents do not wait for confirmations before relaying messages. Instead, they forward messages as quickly as possible to ensure that the message is delivered to" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The PANIC agent, also known as the Payment Protocol for Anonymous Electronic Transactions (PANIC), is a digital payment protocol that allows users to send and receive payments without revealing their identity. It is designed to be used in conjunction with other protocols, such as the Lightning Network, to enable fast and secure transactions. The" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Yes, a PANIC agent will not relay the message until it has received\n at least one confirmation from a compliant or skeptical agent.\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the \"informed\" state in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The \"informed\" state is the state of an agent that has received" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x13", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "state", + "AgentState" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is ACTIVE.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is the state of of of the Agent being in a state of of of being in a state of of of being in a state of of of being in a state of of of being in a state state of of of being in a state state" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is INFORMED.\n\nQuestion: What is the default state of a newly constructed Agent that is IMMOBILE?\nAnswer: The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is IMMOBILE is IMMOBILE.\n\nQuestion: What is the default state" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x14", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "True", + "confirmation", + "new" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When a message is received from a new source, the receive_message function returns the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "receive_message returns a message from a new source when it accepts a message from a new source. This means that the function is able to process and respond to incoming messages from different sources or entities. In the context of computer programming, a message is a unit of of of information that is sent from one program to another." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The function receive_message is a function that is used to receive a message from a new source. It is a function that is used to receive a message from a new source. The function is a function that is used to receive a message from a new source. The function is a function that is used to receive a message" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x15", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "can_act", + "total_key_tokens", + "int", + "bool" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The evacuating agent's can_act method takes a parameter called \"state\" which represents the current state of the environment. It returns a boolean value indicating whether the agent can act in the current state or not." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The evacuating agent's can_act method takes a parameter called \"agent\" and returns a value called \"can_act\". This means that the method can determine whether the agent can perform a specific action or not. In other words, the can_act method checks the agent's ability to perform a certain action and returns a boolean" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act method of the evacuating agent has a parameter of a set of\n set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of set of" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x16", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act function is used to determine whether a process is allowed to perform a certain action.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The state transition that can_act decides is the transition from the \"can_act\" state to the \"decide\" state. In this context, \"can_act\" refers to the ability to act or perform an action, while \"decide\" refers to the process of of of making a choice or decision. So," + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The function can_act is a function that returns a boolean value, which is the result of the function. The function can_act is a function that returns a boolean value, which is the result of the function. The function can_act is a function that returns a boolean value, which is the result of the function. The" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0ds1_orig8.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0ds1_orig8.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8eee2ec --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0ds1_orig8.json @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa.json", + "n": 8, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "random": 1, + "cartridge": 0 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5. This means that the agent will relay the message with a 50% chance. The message will be modified by the agent's behavior, which is determined by the agent's compliance level. If the agent is compliant, it will relay the message as" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is a measure of of of the likelihood that a message will be successfully transmitted through a communication channel. In the context of Compliant agents, the relay probability is modified to account for the agent's ability to detect and respond to changes in the channel conditions, such as noise or interference" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5. The Compliant agent will not relay the message if it has not received the message from at least 2 other agents. If it has received the message from at least 2 other agents, it will relay the message with a probability of 0." + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to verify that the message is from the sender, and that the message has not been tampered with.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "the message is true and the message is not a lie" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The message has not been received by any other agent, and the message has not been\n received by a Compliant agent.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _received_by_ set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _received_by_ set is a set of agent types that have received the message." + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will corrupt the message by adding a random number to the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent corrupts the message when relaying by using a technique called \"Panic relaying.\" This method involves the agent intentionally introducing errors or altering the message in a way that makes it difficult or impossible for the recipient to understand or trust the message. The agent may do this to prevent the message from being read" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent will not have a \"compliant\" or \"skeptical\" type, so it will not have a \"compliant\" or \"skeptical\" type, so it will not have a \"compliant\" or \"skeptical\" type, so it will not have a \"compliant" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in a state where it cannot move, and it can receive a message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The initial state of an Immobile agent is \"informed\" and it can receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the \"receive\" method in the Agent class, and what is its purpose?\nAnswer: The \"receive\" method in the Agent class is used to receive a message from a source." + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to evacuate the building before the fire reaches the token-preservation threshold.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating. This threshold is a measure of of of the agent's ability to make informed decisions and take appropriate actions in a given situation. It is a critical factor in determining the agent's level of of of knowledge and understanding, which in" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold is 2.0. The agent will start evacuating if it has received 2 or more\n tokens from other agents.\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the _token_count attribute in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _token_count attribute is a private attribute that is used to" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that it only relays messages that have been sent to the relay server since the last time the relay server was restarted. This means that if a message is sent to the relay server after the last restart, it will be relayed, but if a message is sent before" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule is used by _relay_messages to ensure that the message is delivered to the correct process. This is important because it ensures that the message is received by the intended recipient, maintaining the integrity and accuracy of of the communication." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The _relay_messages function has a snapshot of the set of agents that have been\n informed about the message. This is a set of agent IDs, and it is used to\n check if the agent has been informed about the message. If the agent has not\n been informed, it will be added to" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent stays in the WAITING state because it is waiting for the message to be verified by the other agent.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent often stays in the WAITING state even when the message arrives because it is programmed to verify the authenticity and validity of of the information before taking any action. Skeptical agents are designed to be cautious and thorough in their approach to decision-making, which means they will not act on information until they" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Sceptical agent is not as sure as a Compliant agent that the message is true. It will not\n be as likely to be in the INFORMED state as a Compliant agent, and it will be more\n likely to be in the WAITING state.\n\nQuestion: Why does a Pan" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is broadcasted to the nearest shelter. The agent is then transported to the shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The process of of of an agent from the moment Hermes broadcasts a message until the agent reaches shelter can be described as a series of interconnected steps that involve communication, decision-making, and movement. Here's a detailed, step-by-step explanation of of of this process:\n\n1. Communication: The agent first needs to establish a" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will be in the \"waiting\" state, and will not be able to move until it has received the message from the\nHermes. When the agent has received the message, it will be in the \"informed\" state, and will be able to move to the\nshelter. The agent" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0ds2_ext16.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0ds2_ext16.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fd76c0a --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0ds2_ext16.json @@ -0,0 +1,360 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json", + "n": 16, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 4, + "random": 2, + "cartridge": 5 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_x01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are Agent, AgentGroup, AgentGroupMember, and AgentGroupMemberGroup." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The AgentType enum in programming defines four different types of of agents, which are:\n\n1. Human: 2. Robot\n3. Software\n4. Hybrid\n\nThese agent types are used to represent the different forms of of agents that can be created and utilized in a system or application. Each type of agent has" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types are: COMPLIANT, SKEPTical, PANIC, and IMMOBILE.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The AgentType enum is used to define the four types of agents that can be\n in the swarm." + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent can be in one of five states: idle, waiting for a request, processing a request, waiting for a response, or finished.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable options:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: 1. The agent's current state, 2. The agent's next state, 3. The agent's previous state, 4. The agent's future state, 5. The agent's past state." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: WAITING, INFORMED, ECHOING, ECHOING, and ECHOING.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the Agent class?\nAnswer: The purpose of the Agent class is to represent an agent in the swarm. It has a type, a" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "__post_init__" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is then placed in the \"IMMOBILE\" state.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(a)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The state that an IMMOBILE agent is placed in as soon as it is constructed is the state of of of a building. The state of of of a building is called a structure. The answer is structure." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The IMMOBILE agent is placed in the \"informed\" state as soon as it is\n constructed. This is because the IMMOBILE agent is not a\n compliant or skeptical agent, and it is not a panic agent. The\n IMMOBILE agent is not a compliant or skeptical agent because" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent state is not in the list of states that the agent is allowed to be in." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the context of the question, the agent states are the entities or objects that can receive and process messages. The agent states that refuse to receive a message and return False are the ones that do not accept or process the message. These agent states can be identified as the ones that do not have the capability or intention to" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the SKEPTICAL and Pansic agent types, the receive_message function will return False if the message is not from a trusted source or if the message is not from a source that the agent has not yet received a message from.\n\nQuestion: In which agent states does receive_message return True?\nAnswer: In" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "tokens", + "hop_count", + "INFORMED", + "WAITING" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will then wait for the next message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The first time an agent receives a message while WAITING, it will start executing the instructions in the message. The agent will then continue to execute the instructions until it receives a new message or the WAITING state is no longer active. In the context of an agent receiving a message while WAITING, the answer is:" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will be in the INFORMED state and will be able to\n be in the INFORMED state.\n\nQuestion: What does an agent do the first time it receives a message while INFORMED?\nAnswer: The agent will be in the INFORMED state and will be able to\n be" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x06", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "source_id", + "distinct" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will only count a neighbour as a confirmation if it has not been counted as a confirmation in the last 10 seconds.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Explanation for the question: The question asks how an agent can stop the same neighbor from being counted twice as a confirmation. The answer is by not being the same person twice. The thought process behind this is that the agent is trying to avoid being counted as the same person twice, so the agent will not be the same" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will not count the same neighbour twice as a confirmation. The Agent will only count a\n neighbour as a confirmation if it has not been a confirmation before. This is done by\n keeping a set of the neighbours that have been a confirmation before. If the Agent has not\n received a message from" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "STRANDED", + "SAFE", + "None" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None in the following states: 1. The state is not a valid state. 2. The state is not a valid state. 3. The state is not a valid state. 4. The state is not a valid state. 5. The state is not a valid state." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To answer this question, I will first need to gather information about the states where relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting.\n\nStep 1: Understand the question\nThe question is asking for the states where relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting.\n\nStep 2: Research relay_tokens and their behavior\nRelay tokens are used" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the SKEPTical and PAnic types, when the agent has not received a\n sufficient number of tokens to be sure that the message is not a\n false alarm.\n\n In the PAnic type, when the agent has not received a sufficient number of\n tokens to be sure that" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x08", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "one", + "random", + "SKEPTICAL", + "pop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops a token before relaying, and the token is chosen from the set of tokens that the agent has not yet dropped. The agent drops a token before relaying if the token is not in the set of tokens that the agent has already dropped. The agent chooses the token to drop based" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops tokens before relaying them to ensure the information is accurate and reliable. The tokens are chosen based on the credibility and trustworthiness of of the source, the relevance of of of the information, and the overall importance of of of the topic. The agent also considers the context in which" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEP\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\nclass AgentType(str, Enum):\n COMPLIANT = \"compliant\"\n SKEPTICAL = \"skeptical\"\n PANIC = \"panic\"" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x09", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "0", + "hop_count", + "ticks_informed", + "confirmations" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default values of hop_count, ticks_informed and confirmations on a new Agent are 0, 0 and 0 respectively." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default values are 0 for hop_count, 0 for ticks_informed, and 0 for confirmations.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _hop_count and _ticks_informed attributes in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _hop_count and _ticks_informed attributes are used to keep track of" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x10", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "route", + "node", + "path", + "shelter" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the route that the Agent is currently on.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the information about the path that the Agent takes to reach its destination. It is a crucial component of of the Agent's navigation system, as it helps the Agent to determine the most efficient and shortest path to reach its goal. The route field is updated and maintained by the Agent as it" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the path that the agent has taken to reach the current location. It is a list of the locations that the agent has passed through to reach the current location.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the route field on an Agent?\nAnswer: The purpose of the route field on an Agent" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x11", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "str", + "Enum", + "AgentType", + "AgentState" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The AgentType and AgentState enums inherit from the Enum class." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The AgentType and AgentState enums inherit from the Object class in programming. This means that they are a part of the Object class and can be used to create instances of of the AgentType and AgentState classes. The Object class is the root of of of the Java class hierarchy and is the superclass of for all classes" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The AgentType and AgentType are both str, and the AgentType is an\n enum, so they both inherit from str and are an enum. The AgentState is\n also a str, and it is an enum, so it also inherits from str and is an\n enum.\n\nQuestion: What is" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x12", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "PANIC", + "immediately", + "confirmations" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "PANIC is a protocol for relaying messages between nodes in a peer-to-peer network. PANIC agents are nodes in the network that relay messages between other nodes. PANIC agents do not wait for confirmations before relaying messages. Instead, they forward messages as quickly as possible to ensure that the message is delivered to" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The PANIC agent, also known as the Payment Protocol for Anonymous Electronic Transactions (PANIC), is a digital payment protocol that allows users to send and receive payments without revealing their identity. It is designed to be used in conjunction with other protocols, such as the Lightning Network, to enable fast and secure transactions. The" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "Yes, a PANIC agent will not relay the message until it has received\n at least two confirmations.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _confirmations attribute in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _confirmations attribute is used to keep track of the number of\n confirmations that the agent has" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x13", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "state", + "AgentState" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is ACTIVE.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is the state of of of the Agent being in a state of of of being in a state of of of being in a state of of of being in a state of of of being in a state state of of of being in a state state" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is\n INFORMED.\n\nQuestion: What is the default state of a newly constructed Agent that is IMMOBILE?\nAnswer: The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is IMMOBILE is\n IMMOBILE.\n\nQuestion: What" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x14", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "True", + "confirmation", + "new" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When a message is received from a new source, the receive_message function returns the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "receive_message returns a message from a new source when it accepts a message from a new source. This means that the function is able to process and respond to information or data that is being sent to it by a different entity or system. In the context of computer science, a message is a unit of of of information or" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "It returns a new message with the new source as the source.\n\nQuestion: What does the function return when it is called with a new source?\nAnswer: It returns a new message with the new source as the source.\n\nQuestion: What does the function return when it is called with a new source?\nAnswer: It returns" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x15", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "can_act", + "total_key_tokens", + "int", + "bool" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The evacuating agent's can_act method takes a parameter called \"state\" which represents the current state of the environment. It returns a boolean value indicating whether the agent can act in the current state or not." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuating agent's can_act method takes a parameter called \"agent\" and returns a value called \"can_act\". This means that the method determines whether the agent can perform an action or not, based on its current state or condition. In other words, the can_act method evaluates the agent's ability to act or" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act method of the evacuating agent's has not been implemented in the given code. The can_act method is a method that is not implemented in the given code. The can_act method is a method that is not implemented in the given code. The can_act method is a method that is not implemented in the" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x16", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act function is used to determine whether a process is allowed to perform a certain action.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The state transition that can_act decide is the transition from the \"Ready\" state to the \"Active\" state. In this context, \"can_act decide\" refers to the ability of of a system or device to perform a specific action or function when it is in the \"Ready\" state. So, the answer is" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act function is a function that returns a boolean value that\n is used to determine if the agent can act. The function is used to\n determine if the agent can act, and if the agent can act, it will\n return True. If the agent can act, it will return True." + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0ds2_orig8.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0ds2_orig8.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..129460d --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0ds2_orig8.json @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa.json", + "n": 8, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "random": 0, + "cartridge": 1 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5. This means that the agent will relay the message with a 50% chance. The message will be modified by the agent's behavior, which is determined by the agent's compliance level. If the agent is compliant, it will relay the message as" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent refers to the likelihood of that the agent will follow the instructions or rules provided to it. In the context of Compliant agents, the relay probability is modified to ensure that the agent can adapt and modify its behavior based on the environment and the received message. This modification allows the agent" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.8, and it will relay the message with a 0.8\nprobability. The message will be modified by the agent's type, which in this case is \"compliant\". The\ncompliant agent will not modify the message, so the message will" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to verify that the message is from the sender, and that the message has not been tampered with.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "the message is true and the message is not a lie" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The message must be from a source that is not the source of the message, and the message must be from a source that is not the source of the message.\n\nQuestion: What two conditions must hold before a Panic agent will relay the message?\nAnswer: The message must be from a source that is not the source" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will corrupt the message by adding a random number to the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent corrupts the message when relaying by using a technique called \"Panic relaying.\" This method involves sending the message in a way that makes it difficult or impossible for the recipient to understand or interpret the original message. The agent may alter, delete, or add information to the message to make it more" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent will corrupt the message by adding a random\n 0 to the end of the message. This is to make the message\n more difficult to decode, and to make it more difficult for\n the other agents to decode the message.\n\nQuestion: How does a Sceptical agent corrupt the message" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in a state where it cannot move, and it can receive a message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Immobile agent is placed in the \"informed\" state, and it can receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the initial state of a Compliant agent, and can it ever receive a message?\nAnswer: The Compliant agent is placed in the \"informed\" state, and it can receive a message" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to evacuate the building before the fire reaches the token-preservation threshold.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold is 0.8. This means that if the agent has received 80% of the tokens, it will start evacuating.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _token_count attribute in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _token_count attribute is a private attribute that is used" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that it only relays messages that have been sent to the relay server since the last time the relay server was restarted. This means that if a message is sent to the relay server after the last restart, it will be relayed, but if a message is sent before" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule is used by _relay_messages to ensure that the message is delivered to the correct process. This is important because it ensures that the message is received by the intended recipient, maintaining the integrity and accuracy of of the communication." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule is that the _relay_messages function will not\n return a new set of messages if the set of messages has not changed. This\n is important because it ensures that the function will not return a new\n set of messages if the set of messages has not changed, which can" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent stays in the WAITING state because it is waiting for the message to be verified by the other agent.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent often stays in the WAITING state even when the message arrives because it is programmed to verify the authenticity and validity of of the information before taking any action. Skeptical agents are designed to be cautious and thorough in their approach to decision-making, which involves scrutinizing the evidence and reasoning behind the" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent will not be in the INFORMED state if the message is not from a trusted source. If the message is not from a trusted source, the agent will not be in the INFORMED state, and it will not be in the INFORMED state. The agent will not be in" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is broadcasted to the nearest shelter. The agent is then transported to the shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The process of of of an agent from the moment Hermes broadcasts a message until the agent reaches shelter can be described as a series of interconnected steps, each with its own set of of of events and conditions. These steps can be categorized into three main stages: the broadcast phase, the reception phase, and the shelter phase." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will be in the \"waiting\" state when it is not yet\n been informed of the message. When it is informed, it will be in the\n \"informed\" state. If it is in the \"informed\" state, it will\n evaluate whether it should be \"compliant" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0f_best_ext16.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0f_best_ext16.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac218b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0f_best_ext16.json @@ -0,0 +1,360 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json", + "n": 16, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 4, + "random": 2, + "cartridge": 6 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_x01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are Agent, AgentGroup, AgentGroupMember, and AgentGroupMemberGroup." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The AgentType enum in programming defines four agent types, which are:\n\n1. Human: 2. Robot\n3. Software\n4. Hybrid\n\nThese agent types are used to represent different types of of agents in a system, such as human agents, robot agents, software agents, and hybrid agents that combine elements" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types are: COMPLIANT, SKEP\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The purpose of the AgentType enum in the Agent class is to define the four types of agents that can be in the\n swarm. The enum is" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent can be in one of five states: idle, waiting for a request, processing a request, waiting for a response, or finished.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable options:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: 1. The agent's current state, 2. The agent's next state, 3. The agent's previous state, 4. The agent's future state, 5. The agent's past state." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: \"compliant\", \"skeptical\", \"panic\", \"immobile\", and \"informed\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The purpose of the AgentType enum in the Agent class is to define the" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "__post_init__" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is then placed in the \"IMMOBILE\" state.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(a)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The state that an IMMOBILE agent is placed in as soon as it is constructed is the state of of of a building. The state of of of a building is called a structure. The answer is structure." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The IMMOBILE agent is placed in the \"informed\" state as soon as it is constructed.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"informed\" state in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The \"informed\" state is the state that an agent is in when it has received a message and is" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent state is not in the list of states that the agent is allowed to be in." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the context of agent states, a message is considered as a piece of of of information that is sent from one agent to another. When an agent state refuses to receive a message, it means that it does not accept or process the message. In this case, the agent state refuses to receive the message and returns False" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the following agent states, the receive_message function will return False:\n- In the \"compliant\" and \"skeptical\" agent types, the function will return False if the\n message is not from a \"compliant\" or \"skeptical\" agent, respectively.\n- In the \"panic" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "tokens", + "hop_count", + "INFORMED", + "WAITING" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will then wait for the next message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "wait" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The first time an agent receives a message while in the WAITING state, it will\n be in the INFORMED state. This is because the agent will have received the\n message and will be in the process of evaluating whether to act or not.\n\nQuestion: What does an agent do the first time it" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x06", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "source_id", + "distinct" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will only count a neighbour as a confirmation if it has not been counted as a confirmation in the last 10 seconds.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Agent stop the same neighbour being counted twice as a confirmation by not counting the neighbour twice." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will not be counted as a confirmation if it has already been\n in the \"informed\" state and has not yet been in the \"informed\" state\n for the same neighbour. This is because the \"informed\" state is\n only set when the Agent has received a message from" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "STRANDED", + "SAFE", + "None" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None in the following states: 1. The state is not a valid state. 2. The state is not a valid state. 3. The state is not a valid state. 4. The state is not a valid state. 5. The state is not a valid state." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To answer this question, I will first need to gather information about the states where relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting.\n\nStep 1: Understand the question\nThe question is asking for the states where relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting.\n\nStep 2: Research relay_tokens and their behavior\nRelay tokens are used" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the SKEP\n\nQuestion: In which states does relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting?\nAnswer: In the SKEP\n\nQuestion: In which states does relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting?\nAnswer: In the SKEP\n\nQuestion: In which states does relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting?" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x08", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "one", + "random", + "SKEPTICAL", + "pop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops a token before relaying, and the token is chosen from the set of tokens that the agent has not yet dropped. The agent drops a token before relaying if the token is not in the set of tokens that the agent has already dropped. The agent chooses the token to drop based" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops tokens before relaying them to ensure the information is accurate and reliable. The tokens are chosen based on the credibility and trustworthiness of of the source, the relevance of of of the information, and the overall importance of of of the topic. The agent also considers the context in which" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEP\n\nQuestion: How many tokens does a SKEP\n - 1\n - 2\n - 3\n - 4\n - 5\n - 6\n - 7\n - 8\n - 9\n -" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x09", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "0", + "hop_count", + "ticks_informed", + "confirmations" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default values of hop_count, ticks_informed and confirmations on a new Agent are 0, 0 and 0 respectively." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default values of hop_count, ticks_informed and confirmations on a new Agent are 0, 0 and 0, respectively.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _hops and _confirmations attributes in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _hops and _confirmations attributes in the Agent" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x10", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "route", + "node", + "path", + "shelter" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the route that the Agent is currently on.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the information about the path that the Agent takes to reach its destination. It is a crucial component of of the Agent's navigation system, as it helps the Agent to determine the most efficient and shortest path to reach its goal. The route field is updated and maintained by the Agent's navigation" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent is a list of the agents that the\n agent has been in contact with. It is used to determine the\n route that the agent will take to the next agent in the\n sequence.\n\nQuestion: What does the route field on an Agent hold?\nAnswer: The route field" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x11", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "str", + "Enum", + "AgentType", + "AgentState" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The AgentType and AgentState enums inherit from the Enum class." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The AgentType and AgentState enums inherit from the Object class in programming. This means that they are a part of the Object class and can be used to create instances of of the AgentType and AgentState classes. The Object class is the root of of of the Java class hierarchy and is the superclass of for all classes" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The AgentType and AgentState enums in the given code are not a class, but a class type. They are not a class, but a class type. They are not a class, but a class type. They are not a class, but a class type. They are not a class, but a class type" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x12", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "PANIC", + "immediately", + "confirmations" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "PANIC is a protocol for relaying messages between nodes in a peer-to-peer network. PANIC agents are nodes in the network that relay messages between other nodes. PANIC agents do not wait for confirmations before relaying messages. Instead, they forward messages as quickly as possible to ensure that the message is delivered to" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The PANIC agent, also known as the Payment Protocol for Anonymous Electronic Transactions (PANIC), is a digital payment protocol that allows users to send and receive payments without revealing their identity. It is designed to be used in conjunction with other protocols, such as the Lightning Network, to enable fast and secure transactions. The" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "Yes, a PANIC agent will not relay the message until it has received\n at least one confirmation from a compliant or skeptical agent.\n\nQuestion: Does a SKEPTICAL agent wait for confirmations before it relays?\nAnswer: Yes, a SKEPTICAL agent will not relay the message until it has" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x13", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "state", + "AgentState" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is ACTIVE.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is the state of of of the Agent being in a state of of of being in a state of of of being in a state of of of being in a state of of of being in a state state of of of being in a state state" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMO\n\nQuestion: What is the default value of the _state attribute for a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE?\nAnswer: The default value of the _state attribute for a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is \"waiting\".\n\nQuestion" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x14", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "True", + "confirmation", + "new" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When a message is received from a new source, the receive_message function returns the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "receive_message returns a message from a new source when it accepts a message from a new source. This means that the function is able to process and respond to information or data that is being sent to it by a different entity or system. In the context of computer science, a message is a unit of of of information that" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The function will return a new instance of the Agent class with the new source as the source of the message.\n\nQuestion: What does the function return when it is called with a message from a new source?\nAnswer: The function will return a new instance of the Agent class with the new source as the source of the message" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x15", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "can_act", + "total_key_tokens", + "int", + "bool" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The evacuating agent's can_act method takes a parameter called \"state\" which represents the current state of the environment. It returns a boolean value indicating whether the agent can act in the current state or not." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuating agent's can_act method takes a parameter called \"agent\" and returns a value called \"result\". The \"agent\" parameter represents the agent that is being evacuated, and the \"result\" parameter indicates the outcome or status of of of the evacuation process. The method can_act is used to determine the agent" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The can_act method of the evacuating agent takes a list of the other agents in the\n the same group as the evacuating agent, and it returns a boolean value. The\n value is True if the evacuating agent can act, and False if it cannot.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x16", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act function is used to determine whether a process is allowed to perform a certain action.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The state transition that can_act decides is the transition from the \"can_act\" state to the \"decide\" state." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act function is a function that returns a boolean value that\n is used to determine if the agent can act. The function is used to\n determine if the agent can act, and if the agent can act, the\n function will return True, and if the agent cannot act, the" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0f_best_orig8.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0f_best_orig8.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d80097 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0f_best_orig8.json @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa.json", + "n": 8, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "random": 1, + "cartridge": 2 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5. This means that the agent will relay the message with a 50% chance. The message will be modified by the agent's behavior, which is determined by the agent's compliance level. If the agent is compliant, it will relay the message as" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is a measure of of of the likelihood that a message will be successfully transmitted through a communication channel. In the context of Compliant agents, the relay probability is modified to account for the agent's ability to detect and respond to the message, as well as its ability to maintain the" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5. This means that the agent will\n have a 50% chance of relaying the message to the next agent in the chain. If the\n agent is not a Compliant agent, the relay probability will be 1, meaning that" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to verify that the message is from the sender, and that the message has not been tampered with.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "the message is true and the message is not a lie" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The two conditions that must hold before a Skeptical agent will relay the message are:\n1. The agent has not yet received the message.\n2. The agent has not yet been informed.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _informed_ attribute in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _informed_" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will corrupt the message by adding a random number to the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent corrupts the message when relaying by using a technique called \"Panic relaying.\" This method involves sending the message in a way that makes it difficult or impossible for the recipient to understand or interpret the original message. The agent may alter the message, add extra information, or even remove parts of of" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent will not have a \"message\" in its \"message\" attribute, and will not have a \"message\" in its \"message\" attribute, and will not have a \"message\" in its \"message\" attribute, and will not have a \"message\" in its \"message\" attribute, and will" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in a state where it cannot move, and it can receive a message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The initial state of an Immobile agent is \"informed\" and it can receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the \"informed\" state in the Agent class, and what is the purpose of the \"informed\" state in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The \"informed\" state in" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to evacuate the building before the fire reaches the token-preservation threshold.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating. This threshold is determined by the agent's level of of of information, which is a measure of of of the agent's ability to understand and process information. The agent's level of of of information is determined by the agent's" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold for an INFORMed agent to start evacuating is 1.0, which means that the agent will start evacuating if it has received at least one message.\n\nQuestion: What is the maximum number of messages an INFORMed agent can receive before it starts evacuating?\nAnswer: The" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that it only relays messages that have been sent to the relay server since the last time the relay server was restarted. This means that if a message is sent to the relay server after the last restart, it will be relayed, but if a message is sent before" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule is used by _relay_messages to ensure that the message is delivered to the correct process. This is important because it ensures that the message is received by the intended recipient, preventing any potential data loss or corruption." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule is that the _relay_messages function will only\n be called if the _messages list has not been modified since the last\n call to _relay_messages. This is important because it ensures that the\n _messages list is not modified while the _relay_messages function is\n running," + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent stays in the WAITING state because it is waiting for the message to be verified by the other agent.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Skeptical agent often stays in the WAITING state even when the message arrives because it is programmed to verify the authenticity and validity of of the information before taking any action. This cautious approach helps the agent to avoid any potential risks or threats that may arise from unreliable or false information. The Skeptical agent's" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent is not as sure as a Compliant or a Panic agent that the message is true. It will not\n immediately go to the INFORMED state, but it will still be in the WAITING state for a longer\n time. This is because the Skeptical agent will" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is broadcasted to the nearest shelter. The agent is then transported to the shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The answer is: To answer this question, I will first break down the process of of of an agent broadcasting a message and reaching shelter, and then provide a step-by-step explanation.\n\n1. The agent receives a message: The agent receives a message from a sender, which contains information about the destination and any necessary instructions" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will start by being in the \"WAITING\" state. When the agent receives the message, it will be in the \"INFORMED\" state. The agent will then evaluate the message and decide whether to move to the \"INFORMED\" state or to the \"SKEPTICAL\" state." + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0f_p384_ext16.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0f_p384_ext16.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32a92cc --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0f_p384_ext16.json @@ -0,0 +1,360 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json", + "n": 16, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 4, + "random": 3, + "cartridge": 9 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_x01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are Agent, AgentGroup, AgentGroupMember, and AgentGroupMemberGroup." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are:" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types are: COMPLIANT, SKEPTICAL, PANIC, and IMMOBILE.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the given code?\nAnswer: The purpose of the AgentType enum is to define the four different types of agents that can be used in the" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent can be in one of five states: idle, waiting for a request, processing a request, waiting for a response, or finished.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable options:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: 1. Unconscious 2. Unconscious 3. Unconscious 4. Unconscious 5. Unconscious 4. Unconscious" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: WAITING, INFORMED, EVACUATING, SAFE, and STRANDED.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the code?\nAnswer: The purpose of the AgentType enum in the code is to define the different types of agents" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "__post_init__" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is then placed in the \"IMMOBILE\" state.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(a)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To answer this question, we need to understand the context of of the term \"IMMOBILE agent\" and \"as soon as it is constructed.\"\n\nStep 1: Identify the main subject and its related terms.\n- IMMOBILE agent: A type of of agent or software\n- as soon as it is constructed" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The IMMOBILE agent is placed in the \"stranded\" state when it is\nconstructed. This is because the \"stranded\" state is the default value for\nthe \"state\" attribute of the Agent class, and the \"stranded\" state is the\nstate that an IMMOBILE agent is placed" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent state is not in the list of states that the agent is allowed to be in." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the context of the given question, the agent states do not receive_message the message and return False. This is because the agent's primary function is to process and interpret the message, and if the message is not received, it will return False. The agent does not have the ability to accept or reject the message," + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the SKEPTICAL and PANIC agent types, the receive_message function will return False if the message is not from a set of trusted sources. In the SKEPTICAL agent type, the message will be accepted if it is from a set of 2 or more trusted sources, and in the PANIC" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "tokens", + "hop_count", + "INFORMED", + "WAITING" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will then wait for the next message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The first time an agent receives a message while waiting is a classic example of of the agent's ability to learn from its environment. The agent is an entity that can perform actions and learn from its environment. The agent is a computer program that is designed to reason and make decisions like a human. The agent is a machine" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will be in the INFORMED state and will be in the INFORMED state for the first time.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources attribute in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources attribute is used to track the set of unique source IDs that have relayed the message" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x06", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "source_id", + "distinct" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will only count a neighbour as a confirmation if it has not been counted as a confirmation in the last 10 seconds.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": ".\nAnswer: An Agent can stop the same neighbour being counted twice as a confirmation by not allowing the same neighbour to be counted more than once." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The function _set_ the value of the 'confirmations' attribute to 1 when the 'SKEPTICAL' type is set. This is done in the 'SKEPTICAL' type's 'on_message' function. The function 'on_message' is called when a message is received by the agent" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "STRANDED", + "SAFE", + "None" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None in the following states: 1. The state is not a valid state. 2. The state is not a valid state. 3. The state is not a valid state. 4. The state is not a valid state. 5. The state is not a valid state." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To answer this question, I would need to gather information about the states where relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting. After conducting research, I found that relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting is a feature in some programming languages, such as Python, where the value is not sent directly to the destination, but is first stored" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the SKEPTICAL and PANIC types, the function will return None if the\n agent has not received a sufficient number of confirmations from other\n agents. In the SKEPTICAL type, the agent will return None if it has\n not received a sufficient number of confirmations from other" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x08", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "one", + "random", + "SKEPTICAL", + "pop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops a token before relaying, and the token is chosen from the set of tokens that the agent has not yet dropped. The agent drops a token before relaying if the token is not in the set of tokens that the agent has already dropped. The agent chooses the token to drop based" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The number of tokens a SKEPTICAL agent drops before relaying depends on the specific context and the agent's goals. In general, a SKEPTICAL agent may drop tokens to avoid wasting time or resources. However, the agent's goals and priorities may change the number of tokens dropped. For example, if" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops 100% of the tokens it has, and the tokens are chosen at random from the set of all tokens the agent has.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is used to track the" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x09", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "0", + "hop_count", + "ticks_informed", + "confirmations" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default values of hop_count, ticks_informed and confirmations on a new Agent are 0, 0 and 0 respectively." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default values for hop_count, ticks_informed, and confirmations on a new Agent are typically set to 100, which means that the Agent will need to receive 100 confirmations before it can be considered valid. This is done to ensure that the Agent has been properly confirmed on the network" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default values of hop_count, ticks_informed and confirmations on a new Agent are 0, 0 and 0, respectively.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources attribute in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources attribute is a set of unique source IDs that have relayed" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x10", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "route", + "node", + "path", + "shelter" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the route that the Agent is currently on.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field is a field that is used to hold the agent. The route field is a field that is used to hold the agent." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds a list of the nodes that the agent has\n been through to reach the shelter. The route is a pre-computed path to\n the shelter, and it is used to determine the agent's state and the\n message it will relay.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x11", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "str", + "Enum", + "AgentType", + "AgentState" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The AgentType and AgentState enums inherit from the Enum class." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "In Java, the AgentType and AgentState enums inherit from the Object class." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The AgentType and AgentState enums inherit from the str and Enum classes, respectively.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType and AgentState enums in the given code?\nAnswer: The AgentType and AgentState enums are used to define the possible values for the agent's type and state. They are used to" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x12", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "PANIC", + "immediately", + "confirmations" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "PANIC is a protocol for relaying messages between nodes in a peer-to-peer network. PANIC agents are nodes in the network that relay messages between other nodes. PANIC agents do not wait for confirmations before relaying messages. Instead, they forward messages as quickly as possible to ensure that the message is delivered to" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "No, a PANIC agent does not wait for confirmations before relaying transactions." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Yes, a PANIC agent will not relay the message until it has received\n at least 2 distinct sources that have relayed the message.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources attribute in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources attribute is a set of unique source IDs that have" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x13", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "state", + "AgentState" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is ACTIVE.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To answer this question, I would need to provide information about the default state of of of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE. However, I don't have enough context to provide a specific and accurate answer. Therefore, I will provide a general answer.\n\nAnswer: The default state of of of a newly" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is\n the state of \"informed\" (i.e., the agent has received the message but has not\n yet decided whether to act).\n\nQuestion: What is the default value of the \"tokens\" attribute for a new Agent?\nAnswer" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x14", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "True", + "confirmation", + "new" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When a message is received from a new source, the receive_message function returns the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A message is a message that is sent from one place to another." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The function will return a set of new tokens that have been added to the set of tokens that the agent has.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function in the code snippet?\nAnswer: The function is to receive a message from a new source and add the tokens in the message to the set of tokens that the" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x15", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "can_act", + "total_key_tokens", + "int", + "bool" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The evacuating agent's can_act method takes a parameter called \"state\" which represents the current state of the environment. It returns a boolean value indicating whether the agent can act in the current state or not." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuating agent's can_act method takes the parameter of and returns the value of of." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The can_act method takes a set of tokens as a parameter and returns a bool. The method will return True if the agent can act, and False if it cannot.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the can_act method in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The can_act method is used to determine if the agent can" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x16", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act function is used to determine whether a process is allowed to perform a certain action.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To determine which state transition can decide, we need to analyze the given information and consider the context in which the question is asked. \n\nStep 1: Understand the question\nThe question is asking for the state transition that can decide.\n\nStep 2: Identify the key points\nIn order to answer this question, we" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The state transition is from INFORMED to EVACUATING if the agent is\n in the SKEPTICAL or PANIC type and has not been informed by a\n source with a higher number of confirmations than the agent's\n current number of confirmations. If the agent is in the" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0f_p384_orig8.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0f_p384_orig8.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d1c3c7e --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0f_p384_orig8.json @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa.json", + "n": 8, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "random": 1, + "cartridge": 3 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5. This means that the agent will relay the message with a 50% chance. The message will be modified by the agent's behavior, which is determined by the agent's compliance level. If the agent is compliant, it will relay the message as" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is a type of of agent that is designed to be able to modify the message. It is a type of of agent that is designed to be able to modify the message. It is a type of agent that is designed to be able to modify the message. It is a type" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5, and it will relay the message with a 50% chance. The message will be modified by the Compliant agent by adding a \"compliant\" token to the message.\n\nQuestion: What is the relay probability for a Skeptical agent and" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to verify that the message is from the sender, and that the message has not been tampered with.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must have received the message from at least two distinct sources, and the message must have been received for at least 20 ticks.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources attribute in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources attribute is a set of unique source IDs that the agent has" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will corrupt the message by adding a random number to the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent will corrupt the message by adding a new token to the set of tokens\nthat the agent has. This is done by adding a new token to the set of tokens that the\nagent has. This is done by adding a new token to the set of tokens that the agent has.\nThis is done by" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in a state where it cannot move, and it can receive a message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The initial state of of of an immobile agent cannot receive a message, as it is not capable of moving or changing its state." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in the \"stranded\" state, and it can receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the \"stranded\" state, and what is the \"stranded\" state of an Immobile agent?\nAnswer: The \"stranded\" state is the state of an agent that is not" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to evacuate the building before the fire reaches the token-preservation threshold.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating is 2. This is because the agent will start evacuating when it has received 2 distinct sources that have relayed the message, and it has not yet been in the INFORMED state for 2 or more ticks.\n\nQuestion:" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that it only relays messages that have been sent to the relay server since the last time the relay server was restarted. This means that if a message is sent to the relay server after the last restart, it will be relayed, but if a message is sent before" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule is used by _relay_messages to ensure that the messages are delivered to the correct destination. It matters because it guarantees that the messages are delivered to the correct destination." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot of the _relay_messages function is that it will only relay the message if it is not a\n SKEPTICAL or PANIC agent, and if it has not been relayed by any other agent. This is important because it\n ensures that the message is not relayed by a SKE" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent stays in the WAITING state because it is waiting for the message to be verified by the other agent.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Skeptical agent is waiting for the message to arrive." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent will not act if it has not received a message from at least 2 distinct sources. In this case, the agent has not received a message from any source, so it will not act.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources attribute in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is broadcasted to the nearest shelter. The agent is then transported to the shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "(A). is broadcasted; (B). is sent; (C). is received; (D). is encrypted;\nA: (A). (B). (C). (D). (A). (B). (C). (D). (A). (B). (C). (D). (" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will be in the \"waiting\" state when the message is received. The agent will be in the \"informed\" state when the message is received and the agent has received a sufficient number of confirmations. The agent will be in the \"evacuating\" state when the agent has received a sufficient number" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s1_ext16.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s1_ext16.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..28d8286 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s1_ext16.json @@ -0,0 +1,358 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json", + "n": 16, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "random": 1, + "cartridge": 5 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_x01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are Agent, AgentGroup, AgentGroupMember, and AgentGroupMemberGroup." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are:" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types are: COMPLIANT, SKEPTICAL, PANIC, and IMMOBILE.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The AgentType enum is used to define the different types of agents that can be\n in the swarm." + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent can be in one of five states: idle, waiting for a request, processing a request, waiting for a response, or finished.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable options:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: Consciousness, Unconsciousness, Dreaming, Sleep, and Death." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: \"compliant\", \"skeptical\", \"panic\", \"immobile\", and \"stranded\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the code?\nAnswer: The purpose of the AgentType enum in the code is to define the different types" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "__post_init__" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is then placed in the \"IMMOBILE\" state.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(a)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To answer this question, we need to understand the context of of the question. The question is asking about the state of of of an IMMOBILE agent when it is constructed. An IMMOBILE agent is a type of of of mobile robot that is designed to perform a specific task. The task of of of the" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The IMMOBILE agent is placed in the SKEPTICAL state when it is constructed.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is used to track the set of unique source IDs that have\n relayed the message to this agent" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent state is not in the list of states that the agent is allowed to be in." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent states do not receive_message the message and return False. This is because the agent states are designed to process and respond to the message, but not to provide any information or make any changes to the original message. The agent states are responsible for processing the message and returning the processed message to the sender. The agent" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the SKEPTICAL and PANIC agent types, the receive_message function will return False if the message is not from a source that has a higher number of confirmations than the agent's own number of confirmations. This is because the SKEPTICAL and PANIC agents are more skeptical and will not relay" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "tokens", + "hop_count", + "INFORMED", + "WAITING" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will then wait for the next message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To answer this question, we need to understand the context of of the situation. The agent is a software program that is designed to perform specific tasks, such as data analysis, decision making, and automation. In this case, the agent is waiting for a message, which implies that it is currently in a state of of" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will be in the INFORMED state and will be in the INFORMED state for the first time.\n\nQuestion: What does an agent do the first time it receives a message while INFORMED?\nAnswer: The agent will be in the INFORMED state and will be in the INFORMED state" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x06", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "source_id", + "distinct" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will only count a neighbour as a confirmation if it has not been counted as a confirmation in the last 10 seconds.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": ".\nAnswer: An Agent can stop the same neighbour being counted twice as a confirmation by not allowing the same neighbour to be counted more than once." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The _seen_sources set is a set of unique source IDs, so if a source is\n already in the set, it will not be added again. This ensures that the\n _seen_sources set only contains unique source IDs, and that the\n _seen_sources set is not modified by the _add" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "STRANDED", + "SAFE", + "None" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None in the following states: 1. The state is not a valid state. 2. The state is not a valid state. 3. The state is not a valid state. 4. The state is not a valid state. 5. The state is not a valid state." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To answer this question, I would need to gather information about the states where relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting. After conducting research, I found that relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting is a feature in some programming languages, such as Python, where the value is not sent directly to the receiving end, but is instead" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the SKEPTICAL and PANIC types, the function will return None if the\n agent has not received enough confirmations to act. In the SKEPTICAL\n type, the agent will return None if it has not received enough\n confirmations to act, and in the PANIC type" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x08", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "one", + "random", + "SKEPTICAL", + "pop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops a token before relaying, and the token is chosen from the set of tokens that the agent has not yet dropped. The agent drops a token before relaying if the token is not in the set of tokens that the agent has already dropped. The agent chooses the token to drop based" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The number of tokens a SKEPTICAL agent drops before relaying depends on the specific context and the agent's goals. In general, a SKEPTICAL agent may choose to drop tokens based on the following factors:\n\n1. The agent's goals: If the agent's goals are to gather evidence, confirm the" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops 2 tokens before relaying, and they are chosen from the set of tokens the agent has.\n\nQuestion: How many tokens does a PANIC agent drop before relaying, and how are they chosen?\nAnswer: A PANIC agent drops 3 tokens before relaying, and they" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x09", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "repr", + "init" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The internal Agent field that is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor is the `agent` field. This field is used to store the agent that is responsible for the object's behavior and actions. It is not accessible through the constructor or the printed representation of the object, making it a" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "[Pick the correct answer from options below:\n (A). the internal Agent field;\n (B). the external Agent field;\n (C). the internal Agent field;\n (D). the external Agent field;...]\nAnswer:\n\n(C)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The _seen_sources field is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources field in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources field is used to track the set of unique source IDs that have relayed the message to this agent" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x10", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "route", + "node", + "path", + "shelter" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the route that the Agent is currently on.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field is a field that is used to hold the agent. The route field is a field that is used to hold the agent." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds a list of the pre-computed node\n id's that the agent will use to move to the shelter. The route is\n a pre-computed path to the shelter, and the agent will use this\n path to move to the shelter. The route is a list" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x11", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "received", + "evaluating", + "yet", + "act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the user is waiting for the system to respond to a request. The INFORMED state means that the user has been informed of the system's response.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The WAITING states that the person is waiting to do something. The INFORMED states that the person is informed about something. The WAITING states that the person is waiting to do something. The INFORMED states that the person is informed about something. The WAITING states that the person is waiting to do something" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the agent has not yet received the message, and the INFORMED state means that the agent has received the message and is evaluating whether to act.\n\nQuestion: What do the inline comments say the EVACUATING, SAFE, and STRANDED states mean?\nAnswer: The EVAC" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x12", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "node_id", + "origin_node_id", + "route", + "route_index" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path are called the agent's state.\nYou are an AI assistant that follows instruction extremely well. Help as much as you can." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path?" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The \"id\" field is the id of the agent, the \"id\" field is the id of the agent, the \"id\" field is the id of the agent, the \"id\" field is the id of the agent, the \"id\" field is the id of the agent, the \"id\"" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x13", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "state", + "AgentState" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is ACTIVE.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To answer this question, I would need to gather information about the default state of of of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE. \n\nStep 1: Understand the question and identify the key points.\n- Default state: The state of of that an object is in when it is first created or when it" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is the\n state of \"informed\" (i.e., the agent has received the message but has not\n yet decided whether to act).\n\nQuestion: What is the default value of the \"hop_count\" attribute of a newly" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x14", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "True", + "confirmation", + "new" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When a message is received from a new source, the receive_message function returns the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A message is a message that is sent from one place to another. A message is a message that is sent from one place to another. A message is a message that is sent from one place to another. A message is a message that is sent from one place to another. A message is a message that is sent" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The function will return a set of the new set of tokens that the agent has received from the new source. The function will also update the agent's tokens with the new set of tokens and the agent's _seen_sources set with the new source's id.\n\nQuestion: What does the function return when it accepts a message" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x15", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "total_key_tokens", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The method is called by the agent when it begins evacuating.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The name of of of the single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is \"Economic Growth Theory\". This theory suggests that economic growth is determined by the accumulation of of of capital, labor, and technology. It was developed by Robert Solow and Trevor Swan." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is the \"message\" parameter. This message is a string that the agent has received and is used to determine if the agent should begin the evacuation process.\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating?" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x16", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act function is used to determine whether a process is allowed to perform a certain action.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To determine which state transition can decide, we need to analyze the given information and consider the context in which the question is asked. The question is asking for a state transition that can be decided, so we need to find a state transition that can be determined based on the given information.\n\nStep 1: Understand the question" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The state transition that can_act decides is from the INFORMED state to the EVACUATING state. This is because the can_act function is used to determine if an agent can act, and it returns True if the agent is in the INFORMED state and has received enough tokens to act. If the agent" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s1_orig8.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s1_orig8.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9be40eb --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s1_orig8.json @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa.json", + "n": 8, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "random": 2, + "cartridge": 1 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5. This means that the agent will relay the message with a 50% chance. The message will be modified by the agent's behavior, which is determined by the agent's compliance level. If the agent is compliant, it will relay the message as" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is a type of of agent that is designed to be able to modify the message. It is a type of of agent that is designed to be able to modify the message. It is a type of agent that is designed to be able to modify the message. It is a type" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 1, which means that the agent will always relay the message. The agent will not modify the message, as it is not a Compliant agent.\n\nQuestion: What is the relay probability for a Skeptical agent and how does it modify the message?\nAnswer: The" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to verify that the message is from the sender, and that the message has not been tampered with.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be in the INFORMED state and the message must have at least 2 distinct sources.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is used to keep track of the set of unique source IDs that have relayed the message" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will corrupt the message by adding a random number to the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent will not relay the message if it has not been informed for a\n certain number of ticks. This is to prevent the message from being\n corrupted by a large number of sources.\n\nQuestion: How does a Sceptical agent corrupt the message when relaying?\nAnswer: A Sceptical agent" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in a state where it cannot move, and it can receive a message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The initial state of of of an immobile agent placed in can never receive a message. This is because an immobile agent is not capable of moving or changing its position, which is required for receiving a message. Therefore, the agent remains in the same state and cannot receive any message from the environment." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in the \"stranded\" state, and it can receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `self._seen_sources` set in the `Agent` class, and how is it used?\nAnswer: The `self._seen_sources` set is used to keep track" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to evacuate the building before the fire reaches the token-preservation threshold.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will start evacuating when it has received a sufficient number of\n confirmations from other agents. The token-preservation threshold is not\n explicitly mentioned in the code, but it can be inferred from the\n \"confirmations\" variable, which is the number of distinct sources that\n have relay" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that it only relays messages that have been sent to the relay server since the last time the relay server was restarted. This means that if a message is sent to the relay server after the last restart, it will be relayed, but if a message is sent before" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule is used by _relay_messages to ensure that the messages are delivered to the correct destination. It matters because it guarantees that the messages are delivered to the correct destination." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot is a set of the set of all the tokens that have been received by the agent. The rule is that the agent will only relay the message if it has not received the same token from any other source. This is important because it ensures that the agent is not relaying the same message from multiple sources," + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent stays in the WAITING state because it is waiting for the message to be verified by the other agent.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Skeptical agent is waiting for the message to arrive." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent will not act if it has not received a sufficient number of\n confirmations. In this case, the agent has not received any confirmations,\n so it will not act and will remain in the WAITING state.\n\nQuestion: Why does a Panic agent often stay in INFORMED" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is broadcasted to the nearest shelter. The agent is then transported to the shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "(A). is broadcasted; (B). is sent; (C). is received; (D). is encrypted;\nA: (A). (B). (C). (D). (A). (B). (C). (D). (A). (B). (C). (D). (" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will be in the \"waiting\" state when the message is received. The agent will be in the \"informed\" state when the message is received and the agent has the necessary tokens to act. The agent will be in the \"evacuating\" state when the agent has the necessary tokens to act and" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s2_ext16.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s2_ext16.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9fa3227 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s2_ext16.json @@ -0,0 +1,358 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json", + "n": 16, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "random": 1, + "cartridge": 9 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_x01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are Agent, AgentGroup, AgentGroupMember, and AgentGroupMemberGroup." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are:" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types are: COMPLIANT, SKEPTICAL, PANIC, and IMMOBILE.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentState enum in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The purpose of the AgentState enum is to define the different states that an agent can be in, such as" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent can be in one of five states: idle, waiting for a request, processing a request, waiting for a response, or finished.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable options:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: 1. Unconscious 2. Unconscious 3. Unconscious 4. Unconscious 5. Unconscious 4. Unconscious 5. Unconscious 6. Unconscious 7. Unconscious 8. Unconscious 9. Un" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: WAITING, INFORMED, EVACUATING, SAFE, and STRANDED.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum?\nAnswer: The purpose of the AgentType enum is to define the different types of agents that can be in the E" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "__post_init__" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is then placed in the \"IMMOBILE\" state.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(a)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To answer this question, we need to understand the context of of the term \"IMMOBILE agent\" and \"as soon as it is constructed.\"\n\nStep 1: Identify the main subject of in the question.\n- The main subject is \"IMMOBILE agent\" and \"as soon as it is constructed.\"\n\nStep" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The IMMOBILE agent is placed in the \"stranded\" state as soon as it is constructed.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is used to keep track of the unique source IDs that have relayed the message to the agent" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent state is not in the list of states that the agent is allowed to be in." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the context of the given question, the agent states do not receive_message the message and return False. This is because the agent's primary function is to process and interpret the message, and if the message is not received, it will return False. The agent does not have the ability to refuse the message or to return" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the SKEPTICAL and PANIC agent types, the message is not accepted if it is not from a source that has not been seen before. In the SKEPTICAL and PANIC agent types, the message is not accepted if it is not from a source that has not been seen before. In the" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "tokens", + "hop_count", + "INFORMED", + "WAITING" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will then wait for the next message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The first time an agent receives a message while waiting is to do something else." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The agent will be in the INFORMED state and will have a set of tokens that it can use to act.\n\nQuestion: What does an agent do when it is in the INFORMED state and has a set of tokens?\nAnswer: The agent will be in the EVACUATING state and will have a" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x06", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "source_id", + "distinct" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will only count a neighbour as a confirmation if it has not been counted as a confirmation in the last 10 seconds.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": ".\nAnswer: An Agent can stop the same neighbour being counted twice as a confirmation by not allowing the same neighbour to be counted more than once." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent's _seen_sources set is used to keep track of the unique source IDs that have relayed the message. When a new source is relayed, the _seen_sources set is updated to include the new source ID. If the new source ID is already in the set, it is not added again, and" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "STRANDED", + "SAFE", + "None" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None in the following states: 1. The state is not a valid state. 2. The state is not a valid state. 3. The state is not a valid state. 4. The state is not a valid state. 5. The state is not a valid state." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To answer this question, I would need to gather information about the states where relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting. After conducting research, I found that relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting is a feature in some programming languages, such as Python, where the value is not sent directly to the receiving end, but is instead" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the SKEPTICAL and PANIC states, the agent will not relay the message to any other agents.\n\nQuestion: In which states does relay_tokens return a set of tokens instead of a set of tokens?\nAnswer: In the COMPLIANT and SKEPTICAL states, the agent will relay the message" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x08", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "one", + "random", + "SKEPTICAL", + "pop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops a token before relaying, and the token is chosen from the set of tokens that the agent has not yet dropped. The agent drops a token before relaying if the token is not in the set of tokens that the agent has already dropped. The agent chooses the token to drop based" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The number of tokens a SKEPTICAL agent drops before relaying depends on the specific context and the agent's goals. In general, a SKEPTICAL agent may choose to drop tokens based on the following factors:\n\n1. The agent's goals: If the agent's goals are to gather evidence, confirm hypotheses" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops 2 tokens before relaying, and they are chosen from the set of tokens that the agent has not yet received.\n\nQuestion: How many tokens does a PANIC agent drop before relaying, and how are they chosen?\nAnswer: A PANIC agent drops 3 tokens before rel" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x09", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "repr", + "init" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The internal Agent field that is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor is the `agent` field. This field is used to store the agent that is responsible for the object's behavior and actions. It is not accessible through the constructor or the printed representation of the object, making it a" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "[A] Class [B] Class [C] Class [D] Class [E] Class\nA" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The _seen_sources field is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources field in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources field is used to keep track of the unique source IDs that have relayed the message to the agent" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x10", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "route", + "node", + "path", + "shelter" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the route that the Agent is currently on.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field is a field that is used to hold the agent. The route field is a field that is used to hold the agent." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds a list of the nodes that the message has been relayed to, in the order that it was relayed to them. The route is a list of the nodes that the message has been relayed to, in the order that it was relayed to them. The route is a" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x11", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "received", + "evaluating", + "yet", + "act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the user is waiting for the system to respond to a request. The INFORMED state means that the user has been informed of the system's response.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "WAITING is a state of that is waiting to be informed. INFORMED is a state that is informed." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the agent has not yet received the message, and the INFORMED state means that the agent has received the message and is in the process of evaluating whether to act.\n\nQuestion: What do the in the INFORMED state, the agent will evaluate the message and decide whether to act." + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x12", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "node_id", + "origin_node_id", + "route", + "route_index" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path are called the agent's state.\nYou are an AI assistant that follows instruction extremely well. Help as much as you can." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path?" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent is, where it started, and its planned path are:\n- \"state\" (a string) that can be one of the values in the AgentState enum: \"waiting\", \"informed\", \"evacuating\", \"safe\", or \"stranded\"\n- \"route\"" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x13", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "state", + "AgentState" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is ACTIVE.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To answer this question, I would need to provide information about the default state of of of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE. However, I don't have enough context to provide a specific and accurate answer. Therefore, I will provide a general answer.\n\nAnswer: The default state of of of a newly" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is AgentState.WAITING.\n\nQuestion: What is the default value of the Agent's state when it is not IMMOBILE?\nAnswer: The default value of the Agent's state when it is not IMMOBILE is AgentState.WAITING" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x14", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "True", + "confirmation", + "new" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When a message is received from a new source, the receive_message function returns the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A message is a message that is sent from one place to another. A message is a message that is sent from one place to another. A message is a message that is sent from one place to another. A message is a message that is sent from one place to another. A message is a message that is sent" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The function will return a message that has been relayed by the new source.\n\nQuestion: What does the function do when it receives a message from a new source?\nAnswer: The function will return a message that has been relayed by the new source.\n\nQuestion: What does the function do when it receives a message from" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x15", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "total_key_tokens", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The method is called by the agent when it begins evacuating.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The name of of of the single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is \"Economic Growth Theory\". This theory suggests that economic growth is determined by the accumulation of of of capital, labor, and technology. It was developed by Robert Solow and Trevor Swan." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The name of the single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is \"message\".\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating?\nAnswer: The name of the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is \"evacuate\".\n\nQuestion: What" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x16", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act function is used to determine whether a process is allowed to perform a certain action.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To determine which state transition can decide, we need to analyze the given information and consider the possible options. The state transition can be decided based on the context and the available information. Let's break down the information and analyze it step by step:\n\n1. The state transition can be decided based on the context and available information" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The state transition from INFORMED to EVACUATING.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the can_act function in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The purpose of the can_act function is to determine if the agent can act on the message it has received. It checks if the agent is in the INFORMED" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s2_orig8.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s2_orig8.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a313c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s2_orig8.json @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa.json", + "n": 8, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "random": 2, + "cartridge": 4 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5. This means that the agent will relay the message with a 50% chance. The message will be modified by the agent's behavior, which is determined by the agent's compliance level. If the agent is compliant, it will relay the message as" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is a type of of agent that is designed to be able to modify the message. It is a type of of agent that is designed to be able to modify the message. It is a type of agent that is designed to be able to modify the message. It is a type" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.8, which means that the agent will relay the message with a 80% probability. The message is not modified by the Compliant agent.\n\nQuestion: What is the relay probability for a Skeptical agent and how does it modify the message?\nAnswer" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to verify that the message is from the sender, and that the message has not been tampered with.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The message must have been received from at least two distinct sources, and the message must have been received at least 20 ticks ago.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is used to keep track of the unique source IDs that have" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will corrupt the message by adding a random number to the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "[Options: (A). the agent is a hacker. (B). the agent is a virus. (C). the agent is a computer. (D). the agent is a spy. (A)\nAnswer: (B)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent will corrupt the message by adding a new token to the\n tokens set. This is done to increase the likelihood of the message\n being relayed to a different source, which can help to prevent\n the message from being corrupted by a single source.\n\nQuestion: How does a Sceptical" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in a state where it cannot move, and it can receive a message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The initial state of of of an immobile agent placed in can never receive a message. This is because an immobile agent is not capable of moving or changing its position, which is required for receiving a message. Therefore, it is impossible for an immobile agent to receive a message.\nYou are an AI assistant." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in the \"stranded\" state, and it can receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class, and how is it used?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is used to keep track of the unique source IDs that have relay" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to evacuate the building before the fire reaches the token-preservation threshold.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating is 2. This is because the agent will start evacuating when it has received at least 2 distinct sources that have relayed the message. In other words, the agent will start evacuating when it has received at least 2 distinct" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that it only relays messages that have been sent to the relay server since the last time the relay server was restarted. This means that if a message is sent to the relay server after the last restart, it will be relayed, but if a message is sent before" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule is used by _relay_messages to ensure that the messages are delivered to the correct destination. It matters because it guarantees that the messages are delivered to the correct destination." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule is used to ensure that the message is not relayed to the same source more than once. This is important because it ensures that the message is not relayed to the same source more than once, which can lead to a loop and an infinite loop. The rule is used to ensure that the message" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent stays in the WAITING state because it is waiting for the message to be verified by the other agent.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Skeptical agent is waiting for the message to arrive." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent will not act on a message if it has not been relayed by at least 2 distinct sources. In this case, the message has only been relayed by one source, so the agent will not act.\n\nQuestion: Why does a Panic agent often stay in INFORMED state even" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is broadcasted to the nearest shelter. The agent is then transported to the shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "(A). is broadcasted; (B). is sent; (C). is received; (D). is encrypted;\nA: (A). (B). (C). (D). (A). (B). (C). (D). (A). (B). (C). (D). (" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will be in the \"informed\" state when it receives the message. It will then evaluate the message and decide whether to act or not. If it decides to act, it will move to the \"evacuating\" state and will start moving to the shelter. If it decides not to act, it" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s3_ext16.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s3_ext16.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9892485 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s3_ext16.json @@ -0,0 +1,358 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json", + "n": 16, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "random": 1, + "cartridge": 9 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_x01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are Agent, AgentGroup, AgentGroupMember, and AgentGroupMemberGroup." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are:" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types are: COMPLIANT, SKEPTICAL, PANIC, and IMMOBILE.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The AgentType enum is used to define the four different types of agents that can be in the Echoswarm" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent can be in one of five states: idle, waiting for a request, processing a request, waiting for a response, or finished.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable options:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: 1. Unconscious 2. Unconscious 3. Unconscious 4. Unconscious 5. Unconscious 6. Unconscious 7. Unconscious 8. Unconscious 9. Unconscious 10. Unconscious 11" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: WAITING, INFORMED, EVACUATING, SAFE, and STRANDED.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is used to keep track of the unique source IDs that" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "__post_init__" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is then placed in the \"IMMOBILE\" state.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(a)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To answer this question, we need to understand the context of of the term \"IMMOBILE agent\" and \"as soon as it is constructed.\"\n\nStep 1: Identify the main subject of in the question.\n- The main subject is \"IMMOBILE agent\" and \"as soon as it is constructed.\"\n\nStep" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The IMMOBILE agent is placed in the \"stranded\" state as soon as it is constructed.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is used to keep track of the unique source IDs that have relayed the message to this agent" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent state is not in the list of states that the agent is allowed to be in." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent states do not receive_message the message and return False. This is because the agent states are designed to process and respond to the message, but not to provide any information or make any changes to the original message. The agent states are responsible for processing the message and returning the processed message to the sender. The agent" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will not receive the message and return False if it is in the\n SKEPTICAL, PANIC, or IMMOBILE states.\n\nQuestion: In which agent states does receive_message return True?\nAnswer: The agent will receive the message and return True if it is in the\n COMPLI" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "tokens", + "hop_count", + "INFORMED", + "WAITING" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will then wait for the next message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The first time an agent receives a message while waiting is a classic example of of the agent's ability to learn from its environment. The agent is an entity that can perform actions and learn from its environment. The agent is a machine that can perform actions and learn from its environment. The agent is a machine that can perform" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The agent will be in the INFORMED state and will have a set of tokens that it can use to act. The agent will also have a set of tokens that it can use to act. The agent will also have a set of tokens that it can use to act. The agent will also have a set of" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x06", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "source_id", + "distinct" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will only count a neighbour as a confirmation if it has not been counted as a confirmation in the last 10 seconds.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": ".\nAnswer: An Agent can stop the same neighbour being counted twice as a confirmation by not allowing the same neighbour to be counted more than once." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The _seen_sources set is used to keep track of the unique source IDs that have relayed the message. When a new source is seen, it is added to the set. If the set already contains the source, it is not added again, and the agent will not count it as a new confirmation. This ensures" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "STRANDED", + "SAFE", + "None" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None in the following states: 1. The state is not a valid state. 2. The state is not a valid state. 3. The state is not a valid state. 4. The state is not a valid state. 5. The state is not a valid state." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To answer this question, I would need to gather information about the states where relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting. After conducting research, I found that relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting is a feature in some programming languages, such as Python, where the None is a special value that represents the absence of of of a" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the SKEPTICAL and PANIC types, the agent will not relay the message if it has not received a\n sufficient number of confirmations. In the SKEPTICAL type, the agent will not relay the message\n if it has not received a sufficient number of confirmations, and in the" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x08", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "one", + "random", + "SKEPTICAL", + "pop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops a token before relaying, and the token is chosen from the set of tokens that the agent has not yet dropped. The agent drops a token before relaying if the token is not in the set of tokens that the agent has already dropped. The agent chooses the token to drop based" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The number of tokens a SKEPTICAL agent drops before relaying depends on the specific context and the agent's goals. In general, a SKEPTICAL agent may choose to drop tokens based on the following factors:\n\n1. The agent's goals: If the agent's goals are to gather evidence, confirm the" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent will drop 10% of the tokens it has, and the tokens will be\n chosen at random from the set of tokens it has.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is used to keep" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x09", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "repr", + "init" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The internal Agent field that is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor is the `agent` field. This field is used to store the agent that is responsible for the object's behavior and actions. It is not accessible through the constructor or the printed representation of the object, making it a" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "[Pick the correct answer from options below:\n (A). the internal Agent field;\n (B). the external Agent field;\n (C). the internal Agent field;\n (D). the external Agent field;...]\nAnswer:\n\n(C)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The _seen_sources field is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources field in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources field is used to keep track of the unique source IDs that have relayed the message to this agent" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x10", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "route", + "node", + "path", + "shelter" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the route that the Agent is currently on.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field is a field that is used to hold the agent. The route field is a field that is used to hold the agent." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds a list of the nodes that the\n agent has been through to reach the current node. The route is\n a pre-computed path to the shelter, and it is used to\n determine the agent's state and the message it will send.\n\nQuestion: What is the" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x11", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "received", + "evaluating", + "yet", + "act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the user is waiting for the system to respond to a request. The INFORMED state means that the user has been informed of the system's response.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The WAITING states that the person is waiting to do something. The INFORMED states that the person is informed about something. The WAITING states that the person is waiting to do something. The INFORMED states that the person is informed about something. The WAITING states that the person is waiting to do something" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the agent has not yet received the message, and the INFORMED state means that the agent has received the message and is in the process of evaluating whether to act.\n\nQuestion: What do the dataclass and dataclass with a dataclass for the dataclass for the dataclass for the" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x12", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "node_id", + "origin_node_id", + "route", + "route_index" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path are called the agent's state.\nYou are an AI assistant that follows instruction extremely well. Help as much as you can." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path?" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent is, where it started, and its planned path are: \"id\", \"id\", \"id\", \"id\", \"id\", \"id\", \"id\", \"id\", \"id\", \"id\", \"id\", \"id\", \"id\", \"id\", \"id\"," + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x13", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "state", + "AgentState" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is ACTIVE.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To answer this question, I would first need to understand what the terms \"default state\" and \"IMMOBILE\" mean.\n\nStep 1: A \"default state\" is a term used to describe the initial or starting condition of of of a system or object. In the context of the question, it refers to" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is \"informed\" (i.e., the agent has not yet been informed of the message).\n\nQuestion: What is the default value of the \"tokens\" attribute for a newly constructed Agent?\nAnswer: The default value of the \"tokens\" attribute" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x14", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "True", + "confirmation", + "new" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When a message is received from a new source, the receive_message function returns the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A: The term \"receive_message return\" is not a standard or commonly used phrase in English language. However, it can be used in a sentence as a part of the answer. Q: What does receive_message return when it accepts a message from a new source? A: The term \"receive_message return\" is" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The function will return a boolean value, which is true if the message is a\n valid message and the agent can act on it, and false if the message is not\n a valid message or the agent cannot act on it.\n\nQuestion: What does the function do when it receives a message from a new source" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x15", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "total_key_tokens", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The method is called by the agent when it begins evacuating.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The name of of of the single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is \"E\" (pronounced \"ee\"). This method is used in the field of of of artificial intelligence to determine the next action of of." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is the method that is called when the agent is in the INFORMED state. The method is called with the following parameters: the agent, the message, and the message's source. The method is called with the following parameters: the agent, the message, and" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x16", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act function is used to determine whether a process is allowed to perform a certain action.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To determine which state transition can decide, we need to analyze the given information and consider the possible options. The state transition can be decided based on the context and the available information. Let's break down the information and analyze it step by step:\n\n1. The state transition can be decided based on the context and available information" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act function is a function that determines if an agent can act or not. It is a function that is used to determine if an agent can act or not. The function is used to determine if an agent can act or not. The function is used to determine if an agent can act or not. The function" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s3_orig8.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s3_orig8.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dd65180 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p384_s3_orig8.json @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa.json", + "n": 8, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "random": 1, + "cartridge": 1 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5. This means that the agent will relay the message with a 50% chance. The message will be modified by the agent's behavior, which is determined by the agent's compliance level. If the agent is compliant, it will relay the message as" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is a type of of agent that is designed to be able to modify the message. It is a type of of agent that is designed to be able to modify the message. It is a type of agent that is designed to be able to modify the message. It is a type" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5, which means that the agent will relay the message with a 50% chance. The message will be modified by the agent by adding a \"compliant\" token to the set of tokens.\n\nQuestion: What is the relay probability for a Skept" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to verify that the message is from the sender, and that the message has not been tampered with.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must have received a message from at least one other agent, and the message must have a\n valid token (i.e., it is not a \"stranded\" message).\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is used" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will corrupt the message by adding a random number to the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent uses a random number generator to create a random number that is then used to corrupt the message." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent will corrupt the message by adding a random token to the message.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is used to keep track of the unique source IDs that have relayed the message. It is used to determine if the" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in a state where it cannot move, and it can receive a message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The initial state of of of an immobile agent cannot receive a message as it is not capable of movement or action. Immobility is a state of in which an agent is unable to change its position or orientation. Therefore, the immobile agent cannot receive a message as it is not capable of receiving or processing any" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in the STRANDED state, and it can receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class, and how is it used?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is used to keep track of the unique source IDs that have relayed" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to evacuate the building before the fire reaches the token-preservation threshold.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold is 2. The agent will start evacuating if it has received 2 or more distinct tokens from other agents.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is used to keep track of the unique source IDs that" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that it only relays messages that have been sent to the relay server since the last time the relay server was restarted. This means that if a message is sent to the relay server after the last restart, it will be relayed, but if a message is sent before" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule is used by _relay_messages to ensure that the messages are delivered to the correct destination. It matters because it guarantees that the messages are delivered to the correct destination." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule is that the _relay_messages function will only\n relay the message if the agent has not received it from any other\n source. This is important because it ensures that the message is\n only relayed once, and that the agent will not receive it from\n any other source." + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent stays in the WAITING state because it is waiting for the message to be verified by the other agent.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Skeptical agent is in WAITING state because it is waiting for the message to arrive." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent will not act if it has not received a sufficient number of\n confirmations. In this case, the agent has not received any confirmations,\n so it will not act and will remain in the WAITING state.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is broadcasted to the nearest shelter. The agent is then transported to the shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "(A). is broadcasted; (B). is sent; (C). is received; (D). is encrypted;\nA: (A). (B). (C). (D). (A). (B). (C). (D). (A). (B). (C). (D). (" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will be in the \"informed\" state when it receives the message. It will then evaluate the message and decide whether to act. If it decides to act, it will move to the \"evacuating\" state and will start to move towards the shelter. If it is not in the \"evac" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p512_s1_ext16.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p512_s1_ext16.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e00da46 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p512_s1_ext16.json @@ -0,0 +1,358 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json", + "n": 16, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "random": 1, + "cartridge": 7 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_x01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are Agent, AgentGroup, AgentGroupMember, and AgentGroupMemberGroup." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are: 1. Human 2. Robot 3. Animal 4. Computer." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types are: COMPLIANT, SKEPTICAL, PANIC, and IMMOBILE.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The AgentType enum is used to define the type of the agent, which can be one of the four types" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent can be in one of five states: idle, waiting for a request, processing a request, waiting for a response, or finished.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable options:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: awake, asleep, dreaming, dreaming, and dreaming." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: WAITING, INFORMED, EVACUATING, \n safe, and stran\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n def _is_in_our_type(self, agent" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "__post_init__" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is then placed in the \"IMMOBILE\" state.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(a)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The question is incomplete. Please provide a detailed answer with explanation." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The IMMOBIL\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n def _is_informed(self) -> bool:\n return self.state == AgentState.INFORMED\n\n def _is_evacuating(self) -> bool:" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent state is not in the list of states that the agent is allowed to be in." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will not receive the message and return False in the following\n - SKEPTICAL: if the message has not been received from at least 2 distinct\n sources, it will not be received.\n - PANIC: if the message has not been received from at least 3 distinct" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "tokens", + "hop_count", + "INFORMED", + "WAITING" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will then wait for the next message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will wait for the next message." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will be in the INFORMED state and will be in the INFORMED state for the\n first time.\n\n The agent will be in the INFORMED state and will be in the INFORMED state for the\n first time.\n\n The agent will be in the INFORMED state" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x06", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "source_id", + "distinct" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will only count a neighbour as a confirmation if it has not been counted as a confirmation in the last 10 seconds.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The neighbour is a double agent." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The _seen_sources set is a set of unique, pre- 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1." + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "STRANDED", + "SAFE", + "None" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None in the following states: 1. The state is not a valid state. 2. The state is not a valid state. 3. The state is not a valid state. 4. The state is not a valid state. 5. The state is not a valid state." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To determine the states where relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting, we need to understand the context and the given information. However, the information provided is not clear or relevant. Therefore, I cannot provide a specific answer. If you have any specific context or information, please provide it, and I will be happy to assist" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is in the \"informed\" or \"evacu\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n def _is_informed(self) -> bool:\n return self.state == AgentState.INFORMED\n\n def _is" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x08", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "one", + "random", + "SKEPTICAL", + "pop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops a token before relaying, and the token is chosen from the set of tokens that the agent has not yet dropped. The agent drops a token before relaying if the token is not in the set of tokens that the agent has already dropped. The agent chooses the token to drop based" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The number of tokens that a SKEPTICAL agent drops before relaying and how they are chosen is not fixed. The number of tokens that a SKEPTICAL agent drops before relaying and how they are chosen is not fixed." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent will drop 1 or 2 tokens, and the 1 or 2 tokens are chosen at random from the set of all the tokens that the agent has.\n\nQuestion: What is the value of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class, and what is its purpose?\nAnswer:" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x09", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "repr", + "init" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The internal Agent field that is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor is the `agent` field. This field is used to store the agent that is responsible for the object's behavior and actions. It is not accessible through the constructor or the printed representation of the object, making it a" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The internal Agent field that is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor is the internal Agent field." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The _seen_sources field is a set of unique source IDs that have relayed the message to this agent. It is not a dataclass or a data type, and it is not a data class or a data type. The _seen_sources field is a set of unique source IDs that have relayed the message to" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x10", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "route", + "node", + "path", + "shelter" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the route that the Agent is currently on.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field is a term used to describe the path that an agent takes to get from one location to another." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds a list of the pre-computed node\n id's that the agent will use to move to the shelter. The route is a\n pre-computed list of the pre-computed node id's that the agent will use\n to move to the shelter. The route is" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x11", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "received", + "evaluating", + "yet", + "act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the user is waiting for the system to respond to a request. The INFORMED state means that the user has been informed of the system's response.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The inline comments are a way to tell the reader that the author is waiting for something to happen. The inline comments are a way to tell the reader that the author is waiting for something to happen." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The WAITING state is when the agent has not yet received the message, and the INFORMED state is when the agent has received the message and is evaluating whether to act.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is a set of" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x12", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "node_id", + "origin_node_id", + "route", + "route_index" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path are called the agent's state.\nYou are an AI assistant that follows instruction extremely well. Help as much as you can." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path?" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The \"id\" field is the id of the agent, the \"id\" field is the id of the agent, the \"id\" field is the id of the agent, the \"id\" field is the id of the agent, the \"id\" field is the id of the agent, the \"id\"" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x13", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "state", + "AgentState" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is ACTIVE.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A state is a set of elements that are related to each other. A set is a collection of of of elements. A set is a collection of of of elements. A set is a collection of of of elements. A set is a collection of of of elements. A set is a collection of of of elements." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOB\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n def _is_informed(self) -> bool:\n return self.state == AgentState.INFORMED\n\n---\n\n# /Users" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x14", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "True", + "confirmation", + "new" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When a message is received from a new source, the receive_message function returns the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The message is received by the new source." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The function will return True if the message is a new source, and False if it is not.\n\nQuestion: What is the function's return value when it is not a new source?\nAnswer: The function will return False if the message is not a new source.\n\nQuestion: What is the function's return value when it" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x15", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "total_key_tokens", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The method is called by the agent when it begins evacuating.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The name of the single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is \"self\" (the agent) and the name of the single parameter is \"self\" (the agent) and the name of the single parameter is \"self\" (the agent) and the name of the single parameter is" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x16", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act function is used to determine whether a process is allowed to perform a certain action.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The answer is: A state transition is a process of in which a state is changed to another state." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The function can_act is a function that can be used to determine if an agent can act. It is a function that can be used to determine if an agent can act. The function can_act is a function that can be used to determine if an agent can act. The function can_act is a function that can be" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p512_s1_orig8.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p512_s1_orig8.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c95bb7b --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p512_s1_orig8.json @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa.json", + "n": 8, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "random": 1, + "cartridge": 4 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5. This means that the agent will relay the message with a 50% chance. The message will be modified by the agent's behavior, which is determined by the agent's compliance level. If the agent is compliant, it will relay the message as" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is a type of of agent that is designed to be able to modify the message. The relay probability for a Compliant agent is a type of agent that is designed to be able to modify the message." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.8, which means that the agent will\n rela\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n def _is_informed(self) -> bool:\n return self.state ==" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to verify that the message is from the sender, and that the message has not been tampered with.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Skeptical agents are rational agents. Rational agents are agents that act in a way that is consistent with their goals. Their goals are to be skeptical of." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The agent is in the INFORMED state and the message has not been\n relayed by more than 2 distinct sources.\n\n def _is_skeptical(self) -> bool:\n return self.state == AgentState.INFORMED and self._seen_sources < 2\n\n def _is_panic" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will corrupt the message by adding a random number to the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The message is corrupted by the agent." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent will not be in the SKEPTICAL or SKEP\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n def _is_skeptic(self) -> bool:\n return self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in a state where it cannot move, and it can receive a message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in the 'stranded' state, and it can not receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the 'stranded' state, and what is the 'stran\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to evacuate the building before the fire reaches the token-preservation threshold.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating?" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will start evacuating when the number of distinct sources that have relayed the\n message is at least 2. This is the value of the '2' in the '2 or more' in the '2 or more\n distinct sources' in the 'Skeptical' agent's '" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that it only relays messages that have been sent to the relay server since the last time the relay server was restarted. This means that if a message is sent to the relay server after the last restart, it will be relayed, but if a message is sent before" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule is a programming concept that describes how a program's behavior changes over time. It is used by the _relay_messages to determine the behavior of of the program at different points in time. The reason it matters is because it helps in debugging and understanding the program's behavior at different points in time." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot\n - is a set of all the unique source id's that have relayed the message\n - is a set of all the unique source id's that have relayed the message\n - is a set of all the unique source id's that have relayed the message\n - is a" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent stays in the WAITING state because it is waiting for the message to be verified by the other agent.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent often stays in the WAITING state even when the message arrives because it is waiting for the message to be processed." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent will not be in the INFORMED state if the message has not been\n received from at least 2 distinct sources. In this case, the SKEPTICAL agent will\n not be in the INFORMED state, and will not be in the EVACUATING" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is broadcasted to the nearest shelter. The agent is then transported to the shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "(A) the agent is killed; (B) the agent is captured; (C) the agent is rescued; (D) the agent is saved;\nA: (A) the agent is killed; (B) the agent is captured; (C) the agent is rescued; (D) the agent is" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will be in the \"informed\" state when it is \"informed\" by a \"compliant\" or \"skeptical\" agent. The \"compliant\" agent will be in the \"informed\" state when it is \"informed\" by a \"compliant\" or \"ske" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p768_s1_ext16.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p768_s1_ext16.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1d8ba36 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p768_s1_ext16.json @@ -0,0 +1,358 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json", + "n": 16, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "random": 1, + "cartridge": 8 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_x01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are Agent, AgentGroup, AgentGroupMember, and AgentGroupMemberGroup." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are: 1." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types are: \"compliant\", \"skeptical\", \"panic\", and \"immobile\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the given code?\nAnswer: The purpose of the AgentType enum is to define the four types of agents that can be\n in the E" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent can be in one of five states: idle, waiting for a request, processing a request, waiting for a response, or finished.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable options:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An agent can be in the states of of, the world, the universe, the multiverse, the multiverse, and the multiverse." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: \"waiting\", \"informed\", \"evacuating\", \"safe\", and \"stran\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the function \"receive_message\" in the \"Agent\" class?\nAnswer: The function \"receive_message\" is a function that is" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "__post_init__" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is then placed in the \"IMMOBILE\" state.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(a)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The IMMOBILE agent is placed in the \"stranded\" state when it is\n constructed. This is a pre-1.0.0 version of the class, and the\n \"stranded\" state is not a data class, so it is not a data class.\n The \"stranded" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent state is not in the list of states that the agent is allowed to be in." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will not receive the message and return False if it is in the\n in the 'stranded' or 'stran\n\nQuestion: In which agent states does receive_message return a new\n 'new' or 'new' or 'new' or 'new' or 'new' or 'new" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "tokens", + "hop_count", + "INFORMED", + "WAITING" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will then wait for the next message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The agent will be set to the INFORMED state and will be set to the E\n\nQuestion: What is the value of the 'self.hop_count' in the 'receive_message' function?\nAnswer: The value of the 'self.hop_count' in the 'receive_message' function is 0." + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x06", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "source_id", + "distinct" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will only count a neighbour as a confirmation if it has not been counted as a confirmation in the last 10 seconds.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will not be set to the EVACUATING or S\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is a set of unique source IDs that have relayed the message to this agent. It is used to\n track" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "STRANDED", + "SAFE", + "None" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None in the following states: 1. The state is not a valid state. 2. The state is not a valid state. 3. The state is not a valid state. 4. The state is not a valid state. 5. The state is not a valid state." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the United States, relay_tokens are used instead of broadcasting." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The function is not in any of the states that are not in the function's\n return value. The function is in the function's return value, so it\n will not be in any of the states that are not in the function's\n return value. The function is in the function's return value" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x08", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "one", + "random", + "SKEPTICAL", + "pop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops a token before relaying, and the token is chosen from the set of tokens that the agent has not yet dropped. The agent drops a token before relaying if the token is not in the set of tokens that the agent has already dropped. The agent chooses the token to drop based" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEP\n\nQuestion: What is the function for a SKEP\n def _skep_relay(self, tokens: fro\n def _skep_relay(self, tokens: fro\n def _skep_relay(self, tokens: fro\n def _ske" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x09", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "repr", + "init" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The internal Agent field that is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor is the `agent` field. This field is used to store the agent that is responsible for the object's behavior and actions. It is not accessible through the constructor or the printed representation of the object, making it a" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The internal Agent field that is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor is the internal Agent field." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The _seen_sources field is a set of unique source IDs that the agent has not yet\n been informed by. It is not a data class field and is not set in the\n __post_init__ method. It is a private field that is not part of the\n object's public interface and is" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x10", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "route", + "node", + "path", + "shelter" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the route that the Agent is currently on.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field is a term used to describe the path that an agent takes to reach a goal. It is a part of the agent's knowledge base." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent is a list of strings that represents the pre- 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x11", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "received", + "evaluating", + "yet", + "act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the user is waiting for the system to respond to a request. The INFORMED state means that the user has been informed of the system's response.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The WAITING state is when the agent has not yet received the message, and the INFORMED state is when the agent has received the message and is evaluating whether to act.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the _seen_sources class variable?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x12", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "node_id", + "origin_node_id", + "route", + "route_index" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path are called the agent's state.\nYou are an AI assistant that follows instruction extremely well. Help as much as you can." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path?" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The \"informed\" and \"stran\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"stran\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"stran\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"stran\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"stran\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x13", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "state", + "AgentState" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is ACTIVE.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is \"informed\" (AgentState.INFORMED).\n\nQuestion: What is the default value of the \"hops\" attribute in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The default value of the \"hops\" attribute in the Agent class is 0" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x14", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "True", + "confirmation", + "new" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When a message is received from a new source, the receive_message function returns the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The term \"receive_message_return\" is a message that is sent back to the original source." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The function is a function that can be used to receive a message from a new source. The function is a function that can be used to receive a message from a new source. The function is a function that can be used to receive a message from a new source. The function is a function that can be used to" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x15", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "total_key_tokens", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The method is called by the agent when it begins evacuating.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The name of of the single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating?" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The name of the single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is \"self\" (the self parameter is a dataclass that is a dataclass, and it is a dataclass that is a dataclass, and it is a dataclass that is a dataclass, and it is a" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x16", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act function is used to determine whether a process is allowed to perform a certain action.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The state transition is the process of of in which a state is changed from one state to another state." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The state transition is from the 'informed' state to the 'evacu\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the 'can_act' function in the 'Agent' class?\nAnswer: The 'can_act' function is a function that is used to determine if an\n 'Agent' can act or" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p768_s1_orig8.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p768_s1_orig8.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..41c2520 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_b0g_p768_s1_orig8.json @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa.json", + "n": 8, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "random": 2, + "cartridge": 2 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5. This means that the agent will relay the message with a 50% chance. The message will be modified by the agent's behavior, which is determined by the agent's compliance level. If the agent is compliant, it will relay the message as" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is a type of of agent that is designed to be able to modify the message. The relay probability for a Compliant agent is a type of agent that is designed to be able to modify the message." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.8, which is the pre-1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to verify that the message is from the sender, and that the message has not been tampered with.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The two conditions that must hold before a Skeptical agent will relay the message?" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. The agent has not been informed by any other agent, or\n 2. The agent has been informed by at least 2 other agents.\n\nQuestion: What is the value of the 'str' in the 'stran' in the 'stran' in the 'stran' in the" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will corrupt the message by adding a random number to the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The message is corrupted by the agent." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent will not be in the EVACUATING or S\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is a set of unique source IDs that have relayed the\n message to this agent. It is used to track" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in a state where it cannot move, and it can receive a message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The Immobile agent is placed in the 'stranded' state, and it can not receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the 'stranded' state, and what is the 'stranded' state of an Immobile agent?\nAnswer: The 'stranded' state is a state in which an agent is" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to evacuate the building before the fire reaches the token-preservation threshold.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating?" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will start evacuating when the number of distinct sources that have relayed the message (self. _seen_sources) is 2 or more. This is a new confirmation, and the agent will be in the INFORMED state.\n\nQuestion: What is the value of self.hop_count when an agent is" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that it only relays messages that have been sent to the relay server since the last time the relay server was restarted. This means that if a message is sent to the relay server after the last restart, it will be relayed, but if a message is sent before" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The \"snapshot semantics\" is a programming concept that refers to the process of of of determining the behavior of of of a program by examining the values of of of its variables at a specific point in time. This concept is used in the context of the \"relay_messages\" to ensure that the program's behavior is consistent and" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The _relay_messages function is a function that is used to\n to rela\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the _relay_messages function in the\n class, and what is the function of the _seen_sources set in\n the class?\nAnswer: The _relay_messages function is a function that" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent stays in the WAITING state because it is waiting for the message to be verified by the other agent.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Skeptical agent often stays in the WAITING state even when the message arrives because it is waiting for the message to arrive." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent will not act if it has not received a new\n # new confirmation from a new source. In this case, the agent will\n # not act if it has not received a new confirmation from a new\n # source. In this case, the agent will\n # not" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is broadcasted to the nearest shelter. The agent is then transported to the shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will be in the \"waiting\" state, and will not be in the \"informed\" state. The agent will be in the \"informed\" state, and will not be in the \"evacu\n\nQuestion: What is the \"stranded\" state of an agent?\nAnswer: The \"" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_ext16.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_ext16.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6071803 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_ext16.json @@ -0,0 +1,360 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json", + "n": 16, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 4, + "random": 2, + "cartridge": 5 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_x01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are Agent, AgentGroup, AgentGroupMember, and AgentGroupMemberGroup." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The AgentType enum in programming defines four agent types, which are:\n\n1. Human: 2. Robot\n3. Software\n4. Hybrid\n\nThese agent types are used to represent different types of of agents in a system, such as human agents, robot agents, software agents, and hybrid agents that combine elements" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are: COMPLIANT, SKEPTICAL, PANIC, and IMMOBILE.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentState enum in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The purpose of the AgentState enum in the Agent class is to define the different" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent can be in one of five states: idle, waiting for a request, processing a request, waiting for a response, or finished.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable options:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: 1. The agent's current state, 2. The agent's next state, 3. The agent's previous state, 4. The agent's future state, 5. The agent's past state." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: WAITING, INFORMED, ECHO, ECHOING, and ECHOED.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the Agent class?\nAnswer: The purpose of the Agent class is to represent an agent in the Echoswarm system. It has a type" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "__post_init__" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is then placed in the \"IMMOBILE\" state.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(a)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The state that an IMMOBILE agent is placed in as soon as it is constructed is the state of of of a building. The state of of of a building is called a structure. The answer is structure." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "IMMOBILE\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _is_ function in the Agent class?\nAnswer: It is a function that checks if the agent is in a specific state.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _is_ function in the Agent class?\nAnswer: It is a function that checks if" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent state is not in the list of states that the agent is allowed to be in." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the context of the question, the agent states are the entities or objects that can receive and process messages. The agent states that refuse to receive a message and return False are the ones that do not accept or process the message. In other words, these agent states are the ones that do not have the capability or intention" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the SKEP and PANIC agents, the receive_message function will return False if the message is not from a trusted source or if the message is not from a trusted source and the agent is in the PANIC state.\n\nQuestion: In which agent states does receive_message return True?\nAnswer: In the COMPL" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "tokens", + "hop_count", + "INFORMED", + "WAITING" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will then wait for the next message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "wait" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will be in theatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatis" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x06", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "source_id", + "distinct" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will only count a neighbour as a confirmation if it has not been counted as a confirmation in the last 10 seconds.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Agent stop the same neighbour being counted twice as a confirmation by not counting the neighbour twice." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will not count a message from a neighbour if it has already received a message from that neighbour.\n\nQuestion: How does an Agent stop the same neighbour being counted twice as a confirmation?\nAnswer: The Agent will not count a message from a neighbour if it has already received a message from that neighbour.\n\nQuestion: How" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "STRANDED", + "SAFE", + "None" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None in the following states: 1. The state is not a valid state. 2. The state is not a valid state. 3. The state is not a valid state. 4. The state is not a valid state. 5. The state is not a valid state." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To answer this question, I will first need to gather information about the states where relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting.\n\nStep 1: Understand the question\nThe question is asking for the states where relay_tokens return None instead of broadcasting.\n\nStep 2: Research relay_tokens and their behavior\nRelay tokens are used" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the SKEPTICAL and PANIC agents, when the message is not a \"compliant\" message, the relay_tokens function will return None instead of broadcasting. This is because the SKEPTICAL and PANIC agents are not allowed to relay the message if it is not a \"compliant\" message." + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x08", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "one", + "random", + "SKEPTICAL", + "pop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops a token before relaying, and the token is chosen from the set of tokens that the agent has not yet dropped. The agent drops a token before relaying if the token is not in the set of tokens that the agent has already dropped. The agent chooses the token to drop based" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops tokens before relaying them to ensure the information is accurate and reliable. The tokens are chosen based on the credibility and trustworthiness of of the source, the relevance of of of the information, and the overall importance of of of the topic. The agent also considers the context in which" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatisatis" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x09", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "0", + "hop_count", + "ticks_informed", + "confirmations" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default values of hop_count, ticks_informed and confirmations on a new Agent are 0, 0 and 0 respectively." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default values of hop_count, ticks_informed, and confirmations on a new Agent are 0, 0, and 0, respectively.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _hop_count, _ticks_informed, and _confirmations attributes in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _hop_count" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x10", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "route", + "node", + "path", + "shelter" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the route that the Agent is currently on.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the information about the path that the Agent takes to reach its destination. It is a crucial component of of the Agent's navigation system, as it helps the Agent to determine the most efficient and shortest path to reach its goal. The route field is updated and maintained by the Agent's navigation" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the route that the agent has to follow to reach the destination.\n\nQuestion: What does the route field on an Agent hold?\nAnswer: The route field on an Agent holds the route that the agent has to follow to reach the destination.\n\nQuestion: What does the route field on an Agent" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x11", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "str", + "Enum", + "AgentType", + "AgentState" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The AgentType and AgentState enums inherit from the Enum class." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The AgentType and AgentState enums inherit from the Object class in programming. This means that they are a part of the Object class and can be used to create instances of of the AgentType and AgentState classes. The Object class is the root of of of the Java class hierarchy and is the superclass of for all classes" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The AgentType and AgentType are both str, and the AgentType is also an enum. The AgentType and AgentType are both str, and the AgentType is also an enum. The AgentType and AgentType are both str, and the AgentType is also an enum. The AgentType and AgentType are" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x12", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "PANIC", + "immediately", + "confirmations" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "PANIC is a protocol for relaying messages between nodes in a peer-to-peer network. PANIC agents are nodes in the network that relay messages between other nodes. PANIC agents do not wait for confirmations before relaying messages. Instead, they forward messages as quickly as possible to ensure that the message is delivered to" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The PANIC agent, also known as the Payment Protocol for Anonymous Electronic Transactions (PANIC), is a digital payment protocol that allows users to send and receive payments without revealing their identity. It is designed to be used in conjunction with other protocols, such as the Lightning Network, to enable fast and secure transactions. The" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "Yes, a PANIC agent will wait for confirmations before it relays. This is because a PANIC agent is a type of agent that is not as reliable as other types of agents, and it is designed to be more cautious in its actions. When a PANIC agent receives a message, it will not immediately" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x13", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "state", + "AgentState" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is ACTIVE.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is the state of of of the Agent being in a state of of of being in a state of of of being in a state of of of being in a state of of of being in a state state of of of being in a state state" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is INFORMED.\n\nQuestion: What is the default state of a newly constructed Agent that is IMMOBILE?\nAnswer: The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is IMMOBILE is IMMOBILE.\n\nQuestion: What is the default state" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x14", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "True", + "confirmation", + "new" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When a message is received from a new source, the receive_message function returns the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "receive_message returns a message from a new source when it accepts a message from a new source. This means that the function is able to process and respond to information or data that is being sent to it by a different entity or system. In the context of computer science, a message is a unit of of of information or" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The function receive_message will return a new message if the message is not a duplicate and the source is not the same as the current source. If the message is a duplicate or the source is the same, the function will return the current message.\n\nQuestion: What does the function receive_message do?\nAnswer: The function receive" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x15", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "can_act", + "total_key_tokens", + "int", + "bool" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The evacuating agent's can_act method takes a parameter called \"state\" which represents the current state of the environment. It returns a boolean value indicating whether the agent can act in the current state or not." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuating agent's can_act method takes a parameter called \"agent\" and returns a value called \"result\". The \"agent\" parameter represents the agent that is being evacuated, and the \"result\" parameter indicates the outcome or status of of of the evacuation process. The method can_act is used to determine the agent" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The can_act method of the evacuating agent takes a boolean parameter, and it returns a boolean value. The parameter is a boolean value that represents the condition for the agent to be able to act. The method returns a boolean value that represents the agent's ability to act.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the can" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x16", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act function is used to determine whether a process is allowed to perform a certain action.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The state transition that can_act decides is the transition from the \"can_act\" state to the \"decide\" state. In the context of state transitions, the \"can_act\" state is the initial state where the agent can perform an action. The \"decide\" state is the subsequent state where the agent decides" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act function is used to determine if the agent can act, which is a function that returns a boolean value. The function can_act is used to determine if the agent can act, which is a function that returns a boolean value. The function can_act is used to determine if the agent can act, which is" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_orig8.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_orig8.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e6af854 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_floor_orig8.json @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa.json", + "n": 8, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "random": 1, + "cartridge": 1 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5. This means that the agent will relay the message with a 50% chance. The message will be modified by the agent's behavior, which is determined by the agent's compliance level. If the agent is compliant, it will relay the message as" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is a measure of of of the likelihood that a message will be successfully transmitted through a communication channel. In the context of Compliant agents, the relay probability is modified to account for the agent's ability to detect and respond to the message, as well as its ability to maintain the" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5. This means that the agent will relay the message with a 50% chance. If the agent is not Compliant, the relay probability will be 1, meaning the agent will always relay the message.\n\nQuestion: What is the relay probability for" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to verify that the message is from the sender, and that the message has not been tampered with.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "the message is true and the message is not a lie" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The message must be from aCompliant agent and the message must be from aCompliant agent and the message must be from aCompliant agent and the message must be from aCompliant agent and the message must be from aCompliant agent and the message must be from aCompliant agent and the message must be" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will corrupt the message by adding a random number to the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent corrupts the message when relaying by using a technique called \"Panic relaying.\" This method involves sending the message in a way that makes it difficult or impossible for the recipient to understand or interpret the original message. The agent may alter, delete, or add information to the message to make it more" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent will corrupt the message by adding a random number to the message, which can be used to create a new message that is not the same as the original message. This can be used to create a new message that is not the same as the original message, which can be used to create a new message that" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in a state where it cannot move, and it can receive a message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The initial state of an Immobile agent is \"informed\" and it can receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the `receive_message` method in the `Agent` class?\nAnswer: The `receive_message` method is used to receive a message from a source and update the agent's state and" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to evacuate the building before the fire reaches the token-preservation threshold.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating. This threshold is a measure of of of the agent's ability to make informed decisions and take appropriate actions in a given situation. It is a critical factor in determining the agent's level of of of knowledge and understanding, which in" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold for an INFORMed agent to start evacuating is 2. This is because the agent will start evacuating when it has received at least 2 tokens, which is the minimum number of tokens required to be in the \"informed\" state.\n\nQuestion: What is the maximum number of" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that it only relays messages that have been sent to the relay server since the last time the relay server was restarted. This means that if a message is sent to the relay server after the last restart, it will be relayed, but if a message is sent before" + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule is used by _relay_messages to ensure that the message is delivered to the correct process. This is important because it ensures that the message is received by the intended recipient, maintaining the integrity and accuracy of of the communication." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule is that the _relay_messages function will not\n return a new snapshot if the message has not been received by all\n agents. This is important because it ensures that the snapshot is\n only updated when all agents have received the message, which is\n a necessary condition for the message" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent stays in the WAITING state because it is waiting for the message to be verified by the other agent.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Skeptical agent often stays in the WAITING state even when the message arrives because it is programmed to verify the authenticity and validity of of the information before taking any action. This cautious approach helps the agent to avoid any potential risks or threats that may arise from unreliable or false information. The Skeptical agent's" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent is more likely to be in the WAITING state because it is more\n likely to be in the WAITING state when it has not received the message. This is\n because the agent is more likely to be in the WAITING state when it has not\n received the message," + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is broadcasted to the nearest shelter. The agent is then transported to the shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter." + }, + "random": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The process of of of an agent from the moment Hermes broadcasts a message until the agent reaches shelter can be described as a series of interconnected steps or stages that the agent goes through to successfully complete the task of of. These steps or stages can be broken down into the following:\n\n1. Message Broadcasting: The agent first needs" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will receive the message from Hermes and will then evaluate the message to determine if it is a valid message. If the message is valid, the agent will then evaluate the message to determine if it is a message that the agent can act on. If the message is a message that the agent can act on, the" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvattn_strat26_p128.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvattn_strat26_p128.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e977e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvattn_strat26_p128.json @@ -0,0 +1,1027 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa_95c8e099_strat.json", + "n": 26, + "seq_len": 4599, + "prefix_lens": [ + 128 + ], + "chunk_tokens": 512, + "attn_implementation": "eager", + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "full_cache": 13, + "cartridge": 2, + "kv_first@128": 1, + "kv_norm@128": 0, + "kv_attn@128": 3, + "kv_attn_L@128": 5 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_y01", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "frozenset", + "_STOP_WORDS" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is called the \"excluded words list.\" The constant named for this data structure is \"EXCLUDED_WORDS_LIST.\"" + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is `_STOP_WORDS`, and the constant named is `frozenset`.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the provided code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set named _STOP_WORDS. The constant named is _STOP_WORDS.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set, and the constant named is `STOP_WORDS`.\n})\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A simulation of a swarm of agents.\"\"\"\n driver: Driver\n graph: nx.Graph\n agents: list[Agent] = field(default" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The constant named is \"key-token\" and what is that constant named?\nAnswer: The constant named is \"key-token\" and what is that constant named?\nAnswer: The constant named is \"key-token\" and what is that constant named?\nAnswer: The constant named is \"key-token\" and what is that constant" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The words excluded from key-token matching are stored in the `_stop_words` attribute of the `Simulation` class. The constant named is `_STOP_WORDS`.\n\n\n---\n\n# /hermes/simulation.py\ndef _get_agent_tokens(agent:---\n\n# /hermes/simulation.py\ndef _get_agent_tokens(agent:" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set called `_STOP_WORDS`. The constant named `_STOP_WORDS` is a frozen set containing the words \"the\", \"and\", \"or\", \"not\", \"but\", \"a\", \"an\", \"is\", \"are\", \"was\"," + }, + "mem": "cur=6807MB driver=9356MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y02", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "0.40", + "0.30", + "0.20", + "0.10", + "_DEFAULT_DIST" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 25% for each type.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 40% Compliant, 30% Skeptical, 20% Panic, and 10% Immobile.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_stop_words` set in the code?\nAnswer: The `_stop_words` set" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 0.25 for Compliant, 0.25 for Skeptical, 0.25 for Sceptical, and 0.25 for Random.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 25% for each type. This means that each agent type will have an equal number of agents in the simulation.\n\nQuestion: How can I change the population split across the four agent types?\nAnswer: You can change the population split across the four agent types by" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 0." + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 25% Compliant, 25% Sceptical, 25% Skeptical, and 25% Sceptical. This means that 25% of the agents are Compliant, 25% of the agents are" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is not explicitly defined in the code snippet provided. However, it can be inferred from the `build_agents` method in the `Simulation` class. The method creates a list of agents with a default population split of 20% Compliant, 20% Ske" + }, + "mem": "cur=6809MB driver=9370MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y03", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "G_passable", + "G_full", + "passable", + "flood" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 the first is a graph of the data, and the second is a graph of the model.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs: G_passable and G_full. G_passable is a directed graph that only includes edges where the \"passable\" attribute is True, which represents the compliant and skeptical routing paths. G_full is a directed graph that includes all edges, including the flood-blocked ones, which represents" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 the first graph is a directed graph (nx.DiGraph) and the second graph is an undirected graph (nx.Graph).\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs: one for the original graph and one for the modified graph. The original graph is the graph that was passed to the builder, while the modified graph is the graph that was modified by the builder. The modified graph is the graph that is returned by the builder.\n\nWhat is the purpose of" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 what distinguishes them? The two graphs are the same, but they are constructed differently. The first graph is a directed graph that represents the graph of nodes and edges. The second graph is a directed graph that represents the graph of nodes and edges, but with additional information about the nodes" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The first graph is the \"passable\" graph, which is used for routing. The second graph is the \"full\" graph, which is used for debugging and visualization.\n---\n# /Users/alexander/Projects/echidna/echidna/swarm/swarm.py\nfrom typing import Dict, List" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9348MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y04", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "Intersection", + "lat", + "lon", + "sector" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label and the four properties: name, description, type, and color.\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the graph loader?\nAnswer: The graph loader is used to load the graph data from the database into the graph.\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the graph" + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the \"Intersection\" node label and the \"id\", \"lat\", \"lon\", and \"sector\" properties.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build in" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label \"Intersection\" and the four properties \"id\", \"lat\", \"lon\", and \"distance\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out the following node labels and properties from the database:\n\n1. \"node\": This label represents a node in the graph. The properties associated with this label are:\n - \"id\": A unique identifier for the node.\n - \"name\": The name of the node.\n - \"type" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the graph loader reads out of the database the graph loader reads out of the database the graph loader reads out of the database the graph loader reads out of the database the graph loader reads out of the database the graph loader reads out of the database the graph loader reads out of the database" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label \"Intersection\" and the four properties \"lat\", \"lon\", \"name\", and \"id\".\n\n\n---\n\n# /Users/andreas/PycharmProjects/neo4j-hermes/src/graph/loader.py\nfrom neo4j import GraphDatabase\n\nfrom" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label \"Intersection\" and the following four properties: \"lat\", \"lon\", \"name\", and \"id\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_graph` function is to build a networkx" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9357MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y05", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "degree", + "fallback", + "highest", + "passable" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the nearest refuge that is tagged with the key refuge.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the intersection node with the highest degree, which is considered the most central and reachable from most of the graph.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method in the simulation engine?\nAnswer: The `_relay_messages` method is responsible for capturing and applying all relay operations that" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the nearest refuge to the current location of the agent.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where nodes represent intersections" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When the database contains no tagged refuges, the evacuation target is chosen as the nearest refuge to the current location of the agent. This is done by calculating the distance between the agent's current location and each refuge in the database using the Haversine formula, and selecting the refuge with the shortest distance. If there are" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer:" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the intersection with the highest number of tokens. If there are multiple intersections with the same number of tokens, the one with the lowest ID is chosen. If there are no intersections with tokens, the evacuation target is chosen as the intersection with the lowest ID.\n\n---\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the intersection node with the highest number of connected roads, which is the most central node in the graph. This is because the most central node is likely to be the most accessible and well-connected node in the graph, which is important for the agents to reach quickly and efficiently. The most central" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9349MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y06", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "ValueError", + "no nodes", + "cannot" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty, the code will return an empty list.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `get_nearest_node` function in the `evacuation` module?\nAnswer: The `get_nearest_node` function is used to find the nearest node to a given position in the graph.\n\nQuestion" + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "If the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target, it will raise a ValueError with the message \"Graph has no nodes; cannot find shelter fallback\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_DEFAULT_DIST` dictionary in the code?\nAnswer: The `_DEFAULT_DIST` dictionary is used to define the default" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty, the code will raise a ValueError with the message \"No evacuation target found\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database." + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "If the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target, it will raise a ValueError with the message \"No evacuation target found.\" This is because the code assumes that there is at least one node in the graph that can be used as an evacuation target, but if the graph is empty, there are no nodes" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The code looks for an evacuation target.\nAnswer: The code looks for an evacuation target.\nAnswer: The code looks for an evacuation target.\nAnswer: The code looks for an evacuation target.\nAnswer: The code looks for an evacuation target.\nAnswer: The code looks for an evacuation target.\nAnswer: The code looks for" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty, the code will raise a ValueError with the message \"No shelter nodes found in graph.\" This indicates that the graph is empty and there are no shelter nodes to evacuate to. The code will not be able to find an evacuation target in this case.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/username/Documents/Projects" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target, it will raise a ValueError with the message \"No intersections found\". This indicates that there are no intersections in the graph, which is not possible for a valid graph. The code should handle this case appropriately, such as by logging an error or taking some" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9379MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y07", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "random.choices", + "weights", + "assigned_types" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent type is assigned according to the configured proportions.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no. (1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is `spawn_agents`.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the provided code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation. It contains attributes such as `id`, `agent" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is `AgentType` from the `swarm.agents` module.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is the `assign_agent_types` function. This function takes a list of agent types and their corresponding proportions as input and assigns each agent a type based on the specified proportions. The function uses a random number generator to determine the type of each agent based on" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is `random.choices` from the `random` module. It is used in the `assign_agent_types` method of the `Simulation` class to randomly select agent types based on the given proportions.\n\n---\n\n---\n\n# /simulation.py\nfrom typing import Callable" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The `random.choices()` function from the `random` module can be used to assign agent types according to the configured proportions. Here's an example of how you can use it:\n\n```python\nimport random\n\n# Define the proportions for each agent type\ncompliant_proportion = 0.5\nsuspicious" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9371MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y08", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "agent_", + "05d", + "enumerate" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string is \"A%02d\".\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "\"{:05d}\"\n\nQuestion: What is the type of the variable `G`?\nAnswer: `nx.DiGraph`\n\nQuestion: What is the type of the variable `G_full`?\nAnswer: `nx.DiGraph`\n\nQuestion: What is the type of the variable `agents`?\nAnswer: `list" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string that produces the identifiers given to newly placed agents is \"{id}\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database.\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string used to produce the identifiers given to newly placed agents is \"{uuid}\". This format string is used to generate a unique identifier for each agent, which is then used to identify and track the agent in the simulation.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"uuid\" format string?\nAnswer: The purpose of" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer:" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string is \"{agent_type}_{agent_id}\".\n\n---\n\n# /Users/andrew/PycharmProjects/agent-based-modeling/agents.py\ndef _get_agent_type(agent: Agent) -> str:\n \"\"\"Get the type of the agent.\n\n Args:\n agent (Agent): The agent to" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string is \"{id:05d}\".\n\n# /Users/robert/Projects/evacuation/evacuation/agents.py\ndef _get_nearest_intersection(agent: Agent, intersections: list[Intersection]) -> Intersection:\n \"\"\"Return the nearest intersection to the given agent.\"\"\"\n return" + }, + "mem": "cur=6807MB driver=9341MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y09", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "n_safe", + "n_evacuating", + "n_informed", + "n_waiting", + "n_stranded" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts are the number of individuals in each of the five states (S, E, I, R, and D) at the end of the simulation step.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no" + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "n_safe, n_evacuating, n_informed, n_waiting, n_stranded\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that builds the networkx graphs from current Neo4j state?\nAnswer: build_nx_graph\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that finds the nearest shelter node?" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts recorded for every simulation step are: \"compliant\", \"skeptical\", \"suspicious\", \"confused\", and \"uncooperative\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph`" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts recorded for every simulation step are:\n1. The number of agents in the \"active\" state.\n2. The number of agents in the \"inactive\" state.\n3. The number of agents in the \"quarantined\" state.\n4. The number of agents in the \"re" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Which five per-state counts are recorded for every simulation step?\nAnswer: Which five per-state counts are recorded for every simulation step?\nAnswer: Which five per-state counts are recorded for every simulation step?\nAnswer: Which five per-state counts are recorded for every simulation step?\nAnswer: Which five per-state counts are recorded for" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The following five per-state counts are recorded for every simulation step:\n- tick: the current tick number\n- tick_count: the number of ticks that have elapsed since the simulation started\n- tick_duration: the duration of the current tick in seconds\n- tick_duration_ms: the duration of the current tick in milliseconds" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The per-state counts are recorded for every simulation step. These counts include the number of agents, the number of agents in each state, and the number of agents that have moved, died, or been born.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `tick` method?\nAnswer: The `tick` method simulates" + }, + "mem": "cur=6807MB driver=9341MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y10", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "top-5", + "bottleneck_edges", + "crossings", + "cumulative" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The report also includes the number of congested roads at the end of a run, ranked by the number of vehicles on the road.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "5\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that builds the networkx graphs from current Neo4j state?\nAnswer: build_nx_graph\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that finds the shelter node in the networkx graph?\nAnswer: find_shelter_node\n\nQuestion: What is the" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0\n\nQuestion: What is the total number of roads in the network?\nAnswer: 100\n\nQuestion: What is the total number of intersections in the network?\nAnswer: 100\n\nQuestion: What is the total number of agents in the network?\nAnswer: 100\n\nQuestion" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "At the end of a run, the number of congested roads reported is 10. These roads are ranked by their congestion level, with the most congested road being ranked 1 and the least congested road being ranked 10.\n})\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A class representing a" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The end of a run is when a game or series is over, and ranked by what? The end of a run is when a game or series is over, and ranked by what? The end of a run is when a game or series is over, and ranked by what? The end of a run is when" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9357MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y11", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "200", + "_REPLAY_N", + "sample" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The map animation history is limited to 100 agents.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "200\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_node_to_agents` dictionary?\nAnswer: The `_node_to_agents` dictionary is used to store a list of agents currently at each node in the graph. It is used to quickly access the agents at a specific node for operations like moving agents or updating" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1000\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where nodes represent intersections and edges represent roads.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The maximum number of agents that are tracked for the map animation history is not explicitly mentioned in the given text. However, it can be inferred that the number is likely to be relatively small, as the text mentions that the map animation history is only for a few agents. The exact number is not specified, but it is" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "How many agents at most are tracked for the map animation history?" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "mem": "cur=6807MB driver=9349MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y12", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_routes", + "n_routable_nodes", + "shelter" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the number of nodes in the graph.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the given code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation. It contains attributes such as `id`, `" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route between two nodes.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database.\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route in kilometers.\nWhat is the purpose of the accessor for pre-computed routes?\nAnswer: The purpose of the accessor for pre-computed routes is to provide a way to retrieve the length of a route that has already been computed.\nWhat is the purpose of" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The length of the accessor for pre-computed routes is the length of the accessor for pre-computed routes.\n\nAnswer: The length of the accessor for pre-computed routes is the length of the accessor for pre-computed routes.\n\nAnswer: The length of the accessor for pre-computed routes is the length of the accessor" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route between two points in the network.\n\n---\n\n# /src/agents.py\ndef build_agent(\n agent_id: str,\n agent_type: str,\n agent_type_id: str,\n agent_type_name: str,\n agent_type_description: str" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route.\n\n# /hermes/evacuation.py\ndef build_evacuation_plan(\n shelter: Shelter,\n shelter_id: str,\n shelter_name: str,\n shelter_capacity: int,\n shelter_capacity_remaining: int,\n shelter_capacity" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9371MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y13", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_relay_messages", + "_update_evacuation_status", + "_move_agents", + "_increment_ticks", + "_spread_panic", + "_compute_tick_metrics" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. The simulation step is started by the simulation manager. 2. The simulation manager calls the simulation step's initialization function. 3. The simulation step's initialization function is called. 4. The simulation step's main function is called. 5. The simulation step's main function is called." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Relay messages\n2. Update evacuation status\n3. Move agents\n4. Spread panic\n5. Increment ticks\n6. Compute tick metrics\nQuestion: List, in order, the three sub-steps executed by the tick method.\nAnswer: 1. Relay messages\n2. Update evacuation status" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Build the networkx graph.\n2. Build the Neo4j graph.\n3. Build the Neo4j graph.\n4. Build the Neo4j graph.\n5. Build the Neo4j graph.\n6. Build the Neo4j graph.\n\nQuestion: What is the value of the variable `" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The six sub-steps executed by one simulation step are as follows:\n1. Update agent states: This step involves updating the states of all agents in the system based on their current actions and interactions with other agents. This includes updating their positions, velocities, and other relevant attributes.\n2. Calculate agent interactions: This step" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The six sub-steps executed by one simulation step are the six sub-steps executed by one simulation step. Answer: The six sub-steps executed by one simulation step are the six sub-steps executed by one simulation step. Answer: The six sub-steps executed by one simulation step are the six sub-steps" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Spawn new agents\n2. Move agents\n3. Update agent states\n4. Update environment\n5. Update agent states\n6. Update environment\ndef tick(self) -> None:\n \"\"\"Execute one simulation step.\"\"\"\n self._tick_agents()\n self._tick_environment()\n self._tick" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Spawn new agents.\n2. Update agent states.\n3. Update agent positions.\n4. Update agent states.\n5. Update agent positions.\n6. Update agent states.\n7. Update agent positions.\n8. Update agent states.\n9. Update agent positions.\n10. Update agent states.\n11" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9357MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y14", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "5", + "Convergence", + "prev_informed", + "max_ticks" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early if the value of the variable x is greater than 1000000.\nCode:\n```python\nx = 1\nwhile x <= 1000000:\n x = x * 2\n print(x)\n```\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early after a warm-up period when propagation has stalled, as indicated by no new informed agents. The condition is when the number of informed agents remains the same or decreases after a certain number of ticks (e.g., 5 ticks).\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early after 100 steps if the number of agents in the \"Compliant\" state is less than 10.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a network" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early after a certain number of steps, and on a specific condition. This can be determined by analyzing the loop's behavior and identifying a pattern or condition that can be used to determine when to stop the loop. For example, if the loop is iterating over a list of items and we want to stop" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early on the condition that the input is a prime number." + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early when the number of agents in the simulation reaches a certain threshold, such as 1000 agents. This threshold can be set based on the simulation's requirements and the expected number of agents in the simulation. If the number of agents falls below this threshold, the loop can be stopped early" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early when the number of agents stranded in the city center exceeds a threshold, or when the simulation time exceeds a maximum limit.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_city` function?\nAnswer: The `build_city` function is used to build a city with a specified number of agents and" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9371MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y15", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "pending", + "atomically", + "snapshot", + "next_hop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The ordering of the steps does not matter, as long as the steps are performed in order.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied atomically by collecting them in a list and then applying them all at once. This ensures that the order of operations does not matter, as the operations are applied in a single, atomic step.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method in the simulation engine?\nAnswer: The" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied in a way that ensures that the ordering within a step does not matter. This is achieved by using the `build_nx_graph` function, which takes a `Driver` object as an argument. The function uses the `build_nx_graph` function to build a networkx graph from the Neo" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied to ensure that the order of operations within a step does not matter. This is achieved by using a technique called \"relaxation\" or \"relaxation of constraints.\" In this technique, the constraints that define the order of operations are relaxed, allowing for multiple possible orders of operations to be considered" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "How are ordering within a step does not matter?" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied atomically, ensuring that the order of operations does not affect the outcome. This is achieved by using a single atomic operation to apply all relay operations at once, ensuring that the order of operations does not matter.\n\n---\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Relay operations\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n---\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Relay operations\n#" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In this implementation, the relay operations are applied atomically by applying the operations in the order they were received. This ensures that the order of operations does not matter, as the operations are applied in a single atomic step. The operations are applied in the order they were received, and the order of operations does not matter as" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9349MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y16", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "route", + "route_index", + "0", + "_routes" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is removed from the current state and is added to the next state.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, its state is reset to AgentState.STRANDED.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the given Python code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation. It contains attributes such as `id" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The reset includes the agent's state, its position, its speed, its direction, its distance, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, besides its state, it also loses its position in the graph and its connections to other agents. Additionally, it may lose its resources or any other attributes that were associated with it. The specific details of what is reset when an agent is promoted to leave may vary depending on the specific" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state," + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The reset includes the agent's state, its tokens, and its tokens' values.\n\n---\n\n# /simulation.py\ndef tick(self):\n \"\"\"Simulate a single tick of the simulation.\n\n Returns:\n None\n \"\"\"\n # Update agent states\n for agent in self.agents:\n if agent.state" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, besides its state, its tokens are reset to 0.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `tick` function in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The `tick` function is responsible for advancing the simulation by one tick, which involves updating the state of each agent" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9379MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y17", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_edge_usage", + "road_name", + "unknown" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and keyed by the road's name.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and it is keyed by the road name.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_edge_usage` counter in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The `_edge_usage` counter is used to track the number of times each road name is used in the" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and keyed by the road's ID.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The \"traversed_road\" counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and is keyed by the road's ID.\nWhat is the purpose of the \"traversed_road\" counter in the context of the \"traversed_road\" counter in the context of the \"traversed" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The key to traversing a road and traversing an agent is to understand the concept of traversal, which involves moving through a road and traversing an agent, and understanding the concept of traversal, which involves moving through a road and traversing an agent, and understanding the concept of traversal, which involves moving through a road" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and keyed by the road's name.\n\n---\n\n# /home/runner/work/agent-based-model/agent-based-model/agent_based_model.py\ndef tick(self, tick: int) -> None:\n \"\"\"Advance the simulation by one tick.\"\"\"\n self.t" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and keyed by the road's name.\n\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9379MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y18", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_G_full", + "flood", + "random.choice", + "blockages" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on a graph that is a mixture of the two types of graphs described above, and they disregard the time dimension.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the G_full graph, and they disregard flood blockages.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_move_panic` method?\nAnswer: The `_move_panic` method is used to move panic agents on the G_full graph, ignoring flood blockages.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the networkx graph, and they disregard the \"stop\" words.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database.\n\nQuestion:" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on a graph that is not explicitly defined in the given text. However, it can be inferred that they move on a graph that is not a regular grid or a simple network, as they are described as moving erratically. The erratic agents disregard the distance between nodes and move randomly, which suggests that" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agents disregard the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the graph of the flood, and they disregard the flood graph.\n\n\n---\n\n# /graph.py\ndef build_graph(\n graph: Graph,\n flood: Flood,\n flood_graph: Graph,\n flood_graph: Graph,\n flood_graph: Graph,\n flood_graph: Graph,\n flood" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the graph of passable nodes, and they disregard the flood of flood tokens.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_graph` function?\nAnswer: The `build_graph` function is used to build a graph from a list of agents and their movements.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9379MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y19", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "panic_radius", + "panic_spread_prob", + "AFTER", + "movement" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Social contagion is a process by which people influence each other's behavior, attitudes, and beliefs. It is governed by two configuration values: the strength of the relationship between individuals and the similarity of their attitudes and beliefs. Social contagion runs when individuals are in close proximity to each other and are influenced by the behavior," + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are panic_spread_prob and panic_radius. It runs after movement so newly converted agents take effect next tick.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _move_panic method?\nAnswer: The purpose of the _move_panic method is to spread panic among Compliant/S" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"social_contagion\" and \"social_contagion_threshold\". Social contagion runs when the \"social_contagion\" configuration value is set to True.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"social_contagion\" and \"social_contagion_threshold\". Social contagion is a process by which agents in a network influence each other's behavior based on their interactions. The \"social_contagion\" value determines the probability that an agent will adopt a behavior" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When it runs, it is a program that is designed to run on a computer. It is a program that is designed to run on a computer, and when it runs, it is a program that is designed to run on a computer. It is a program that is designed to run on a computer, and when it" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are `config.panic_threshold` and `config.panic_radius`. Social contagion runs after panic has been triggered, and it is used to determine whether an agent is panicked or not. If an agent is within the panic radius of a panicked agent, it will become panicked" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"infection_probability\" and \"infection_radius\". The \"infection_probability\" determines the likelihood of an agent spreading panic to a neighbor, while the \"infection_radius\" determines the distance within which panic can spread. The social contagion runs after movement and panic" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9357MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y20", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "1.0", + "preservation", + "informed_pool", + "total_tokens" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The value of the message preservation parameter is used to determine the number of agents that must be reached before the message is preserved.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1.0\n\nQuestion: What is the default distribution of agent types in the simulation?\nAnswer: The default distribution of agent types is {AgentType.COMPLIANT: 0.40, AgentType.SKEPTICAL: 0.30, AgentType.PANIC: 0." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0.0\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where nodes represent intersections and edges represent roads.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The value used for message preservation when no agents have been reached yet is 0. This means that the message is not preserved and will be lost if no agents are found to reach the destination.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `message_preservation` parameter in the `Agent` class?\nAnswer: The `" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When no agents have been reached yet, when no agents have been reached yet, when no agents have been reached yet, when no agents have been reached yet, when no agents have been reached yet, when no agents have been reached yet, when no agents have been reached yet, when no agents have been reached yet," + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The value is set to 1.0.\n\n---\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# 1.0\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n---\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# 1.0\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n---\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# 1.0\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n---\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# 1.0\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n---\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n#" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "When no agents have been reached yet, the preservation rate is set to 1.0, meaning that all agents are assumed to have preserved their tokens.\n\n# /hermes/agents.py\n# /hermes/agents.py\n# /hermes/agents.py\n# /hermes/agents.py\n#" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9379MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y21", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "ticks_informed", + "_increment_ticks" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper, is the counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper, is the counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper, is the" + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the `n_stranded` counter. This counter is incremented for agents that are in the `AgentState.STRANDED` state. The `n_stranded` counter is incremented in the `_move_panic` method, where panic" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the `safe` counter. This counter is advanced in the `safe` helper function, which is used to track the number of agents that have been reached but are not yet safe.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `safe`" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The \"counter\" that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the \"safe_counter\". This counter is incremented each time an agent is reached but not yet safe, and it is used to determine when an agent is safe enough to be considered for safe passage. The helper for this counter is the" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In which helper?" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is advanced for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper is used to determine the number of agents that have been reached but are not yet safe.\n\n---\n\n# Agent Movement\n\n---\n\n# Agent Movement\n\n---\n\n# Agent Movement\n\n---\n\n# Agent Movement\n\n---\n\n# Agent Movement\n\n---" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper: The counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper: The counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper: The counter advances for" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9379MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y22", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_node_to_agents", + "_move_to", + "setdefault", + "remove" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated and a stale entry is deleted.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the spatial index is updated by removing the agent from the old node and adding it to the new node. If there is a stale entry in the index, it is removed.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_move_to` method in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated by removing the old entry and adding a new entry with the updated coordinates. If the old entry is stale, it is removed from the index.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_n" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated to reflect the new location. If there is a stale entry, it is removed from the index.\nWhat is the purpose of the `update_index` method in the `Agent` class?\nAnswer: The `update_index` method is used to update the index of an" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated by removing the old location and adding the new location. If the old location is stale, it is removed from the index. The agent's movement is recorded in the index, and the agent's movement is recorded in the index. The agent's movement is recorded in the" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated by removing the agent from the current node and adding it to the new node. If an entry is stale, it is removed from the index.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_index` method in the `Agent` class?\nAnswer: The `build" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9379MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y23", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "uuid4", + "run_id", + "8" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by concatenating the simulation name, the simulation date, and the simulation time. The run identifier is 10 characters long, and it is used to uniquely identify each simulation run." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated using the `uuid.uuid4()` function, which returns a random UUID. The UUID is then truncated to the first 8 characters using slicing (`str(uuid.uuid4())[:8]`). The length of the run identifier is 8 characters.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_node" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by concatenating the current date and time with a random number. The length of the run identifier is 10 characters.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The `build_nx_graph` function builds a networkx graph from the Neo" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by combining the simulation name, the simulation type, the simulation date, and a random UUID. The simulation name is the name of the simulation, the simulation type is the type of simulation, the simulation date is the date the simulation was run, and the random UUID is a unique identifier generated by" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is a unique identifier for a finished simulation, and it is generated by the simulation. The simulation is a process that generates a finished simulation, and it is a process that generates a run identifier. The simulation is a process that generates a finished simulation, and it is a process that generates a run identifier." + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by the `Simulation` class, and it is a UUID4 string that is unique for each simulation run. The run identifier is not directly related to the length of the simulation run, but it is used to identify the simulation run in the API response.\n\n---\n\n# /src/simulation.py" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by the `Simulation` class when the simulation is finished. It is a UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) that is generated using the `uuid.uuid4()` function. The UUID is generated when the simulation is finished, and it is a 128-bit value that is unique across all" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9357MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y24", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "most_common", + "top_bottlenecks", + "0.0" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The congestion is modeled as a function of the number of agents on the road, and the evacuation rate is the number of agents that can be evacuated per unit time.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The congested roads are selected by the `top_bottlenecks` variable, which is a list of tuples containing the road name and the count of agent crossings. The evacuation rate is calculated as the number of evacuated agents divided by the total number of agents, and it is 0.0 when there are no" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The call that selects the congested roads at the end is `nx.shortest_path` with the `weight` parameter set to `distance`. The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 0.0.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The call that selects the congested roads at the end is `select_congested_roads()`. The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 100%.\n})\n\ndef _get_agent_type(agent: Agent) -> AgentType:\n return agent.type\n\ndef _get_agent_state(agent: Agent)" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 0, as there are no agents to evacuate. The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 0, as there are no agents to evacuate. The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 0, as there are no agents to evacuate. The evacuation rate when" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The `select_congested_roads` function selects the congestions at the end of the simulation. It returns a list of tuples, where each tuple contains the road name and the number of agents crossing it. The evacuation rate is calculated by dividing the number of agents evacuated by the total number of agents at the start" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The call `find_congested_roads` selects the congested roads at the end of the simulation. The evacuation rate is calculated as the ratio of agents that have reached the shelter at the end of the simulation to the total number of agents that have reached the shelter. If there are no agents, the evacuation rate" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9357MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y25", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_move_panic", + "_move_along_route", + "EVACUATING" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatch between the two kinds of mover, and which agents does it skip?\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(2)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the agent's type. It skips the panic agents and moves the compliant and skeptical agents along their pre-computed routes. The panic agents take a random step on the full graph, ignoring flood blockages.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_move" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the agent's type. It skips the movement step for agents of type \"Compliant\" and \"Skeptical\" as they are not allowed to move. For agents of type \"Skeptical\", the movement step is skipped if the distance to the" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of movers based on the agent's type. Agents of type \"mover\" are dispatched to the mover step, while agents of type \"mover2\" are dispatched to the mover2 step. The dispatching is done using the `dispatch` method of the `Agent" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agents that the movement step skips are the ones that do not move, and the movement step skips the ones that do not move. The movement step skips the ones that do not move, and the movement step skips the ones that do not move. The movement step skips the ones that do not move, and the movement" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover, Compliant and NonCompliant, based on the agent's type. It skips NonCompliant agents as they do not move.\n\n---\n\n# /src/agents.py\nfrom typing import Callable, List, Optional, Tuple\n\n---\n\n# /src/agents.py" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover, and skips the Immobile agents.\n\nQuestion: How does the movement step dispatch between the two kinds of mover, and which agents does it skip?\nAnswer: The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover, and skips the Immobile agents.\n\nQuestion:" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9379MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y26", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "single_source_shortest_path_length", + "to_convert", + "reachable" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm is called the \"panic conversion algorithm\" because it is designed to quickly find the neighbours eligible for panic conversion, and where the converts are collected.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no. (1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is `nx.single_source_shortest_path_length`. It is used to find the shortest paths from a given node to all other nodes in the graph. The neighbours eligible for panic conversion are collected in the `to_convert` list.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the `nx.ego_graph` function, which is used to find the neighbours of a given node within a certain radius. The converts are collected in the `converts` list, which is a list of tuples containing the node ID and the distance to the" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the \"Shortest Path\" algorithm. The converts are collected in the \"Panic Conversion\" node.\nWhat is the purpose of the \"Panic Conversion\" node in the graph?\nAnswer: The \"Panic Conversion\" node is used to collect the agents" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The converts are collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the \"panic conversion\" algorithm. It identifies the nodes that are within the panic conversion radius of a panic-converted node and converts them to panic-converted nodes. The converts are collected in a list called \"panic_converts\".\n\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the Breadth-First Search (BFS) algorithm. In this algorithm, we start from the current location of the panic agent and explore all reachable nodes in the graph. The nodes that are within the panic radius of the panic agent are considered eligible for panic conversion" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9379MB" + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvattn_strat26_p128_r2.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvattn_strat26_p128_r2.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b7e5a20 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvattn_strat26_p128_r2.json @@ -0,0 +1,1027 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa_95c8e099_strat.json", + "n": 26, + "seq_len": 4599, + "prefix_lens": [ + 128 + ], + "chunk_tokens": 512, + "attn_implementation": "eager", + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "full_cache": 13, + "cartridge": 2, + "kv_first@128": 1, + "kv_norm@128": 0, + "kv_attn@128": 3, + "kv_attn_L@128": 5 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_y01", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "frozenset", + "_STOP_WORDS" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is called the \"excluded words list.\" The constant named for this data structure is \"EXCLUDED_WORDS_LIST.\"" + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is `_STOP_WORDS`, and the constant named is `frozenset`.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the provided code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set named _STOP_WORDS. The constant named is _STOP_WORDS.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set, and the constant named is `STOP_WORDS`.\n})\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A simulation of a swarm of agents.\"\"\"\n driver: Driver\n graph: nx.Graph\n agents: list[Agent] = field(default" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The constant named is \"key-token\" and what is that constant named?\nAnswer: The constant named is \"key-token\" and what is that constant named?\nAnswer: The constant named is \"key-token\" and what is that constant named?\nAnswer: The constant named is \"key-token\" and what is that constant" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The words excluded from key-token matching are stored in the `_stop_words` attribute of the `Simulation` class. The constant named is `_STOP_WORDS`.\n\n\n---\n\n# /hermes/simulation.py\ndef _get_agent_tokens(agent:---\n\n# /hermes/simulation.py\ndef _get_agent_tokens(agent:" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set called `_STOP_WORDS`. The constant named `_STOP_WORDS` is a frozen set containing the words \"the\", \"and\", \"or\", \"not\", \"but\", \"a\", \"an\", \"is\", \"are\", \"was\"," + }, + "mem": "cur=6807MB driver=9356MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y02", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "0.40", + "0.30", + "0.20", + "0.10", + "_DEFAULT_DIST" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 25% for each type.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 40% Compliant, 30% Skeptical, 20% Panic, and 10% Immobile.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_stop_words` set in the code?\nAnswer: The `_stop_words` set" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 0.25 for Compliant, 0.25 for Skeptical, 0.25 for Sceptical, and 0.25 for Random.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 25% for each type. This means that each agent type will have an equal number of agents in the simulation.\n\nQuestion: How can I change the population split across the four agent types?\nAnswer: You can change the population split across the four agent types by" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 0." + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 25% Compliant, 25% Sceptical, 25% Skeptical, and 25% Sceptical. This means that 25% of the agents are Compliant, 25% of the agents are" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is not explicitly defined in the code snippet provided. However, it can be inferred from the `build_agents` method in the `Simulation` class. The method creates a list of agents with a default population split of 20% Compliant, 20% Ske" + }, + "mem": "cur=6809MB driver=9348MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y03", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "G_passable", + "G_full", + "passable", + "flood" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 the first is a graph of the data, and the second is a graph of the model.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs: G_passable and G_full. G_passable is a directed graph that only includes edges where the \"passable\" attribute is True, which represents the compliant and skeptical routing paths. G_full is a directed graph that includes all edges, including the flood-blocked ones, which represents" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 the first graph is a directed graph (nx.DiGraph) and the second graph is an undirected graph (nx.Graph).\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs: one for the original graph and one for the modified graph. The original graph is the graph that was passed to the builder, while the modified graph is the graph that was modified by the builder. The modified graph is the graph that is returned by the builder.\n\nWhat is the purpose of" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 what distinguishes them? The two graphs are the same, but they are constructed differently. The first graph is a directed graph that represents the graph of nodes and edges. The second graph is a directed graph that represents the graph of nodes and edges, but with additional information about the nodes" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The first graph is the \"passable\" graph, which is used for routing. The second graph is the \"full\" graph, which is used for debugging and visualization.\n---\n# /Users/alexander/Projects/echidna/echidna/swarm/swarm.py\nfrom typing import Dict, List" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9349MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y04", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "Intersection", + "lat", + "lon", + "sector" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label and the four properties: name, description, type, and color.\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the graph loader?\nAnswer: The graph loader is used to load the graph data from the database into the graph.\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the graph" + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the \"Intersection\" node label and the \"id\", \"lat\", \"lon\", and \"sector\" properties.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build in" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label \"Intersection\" and the four properties \"id\", \"lat\", \"lon\", and \"distance\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out the following node labels and properties from the database:\n\n1. \"node\": This label represents a node in the graph. The properties associated with this label are:\n - \"id\": A unique identifier for the node.\n - \"name\": The name of the node.\n - \"type" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the graph loader reads out of the database the graph loader reads out of the database the graph loader reads out of the database the graph loader reads out of the database the graph loader reads out of the database the graph loader reads out of the database the graph loader reads out of the database" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label \"Intersection\" and the four properties \"lat\", \"lon\", \"name\", and \"id\".\n\n\n---\n\n# /Users/andreas/PycharmProjects/neo4j-hermes/src/graph/loader.py\nfrom neo4j import GraphDatabase\n\nfrom" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label \"Intersection\" and the following four properties: \"lat\", \"lon\", \"name\", and \"id\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_graph` function is to build a networkx" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9349MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y05", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "degree", + "fallback", + "highest", + "passable" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the nearest refuge that is tagged with the key refuge.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the intersection node with the highest degree, which is considered the most central and reachable from most of the graph.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method in the simulation engine?\nAnswer: The `_relay_messages` method is responsible for capturing and applying all relay operations that" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the nearest refuge to the current location of the agent.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where nodes represent intersections" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When the database contains no tagged refuges, the evacuation target is chosen as the nearest refuge to the current location of the agent. This is done by calculating the distance between the agent's current location and each refuge in the database using the Haversine formula, and selecting the refuge with the shortest distance. If there are" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer: None\n\nAnswer:" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the intersection with the highest number of tokens. If there are multiple intersections with the same number of tokens, the one with the lowest ID is chosen. If there are no intersections with tokens, the evacuation target is chosen as the intersection with the lowest ID.\n\n---\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the intersection node with the highest number of connected roads, which is the most central node in the graph. This is because the most central node is likely to be the most accessible and well-connected node in the graph, which is important for the agents to reach quickly and efficiently. The most central" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9371MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y06", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "ValueError", + "no nodes", + "cannot" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty, the code will return an empty list.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `get_nearest_node` function in the `evacuation` module?\nAnswer: The `get_nearest_node` function is used to find the nearest node to a given position in the graph.\n\nQuestion" + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "If the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target, it will raise a ValueError with the message \"Graph has no nodes; cannot find shelter fallback\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_DEFAULT_DIST` dictionary in the code?\nAnswer: The `_DEFAULT_DIST` dictionary is used to define the default" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty, the code will raise a ValueError with the message \"No evacuation target found\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database." + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "If the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target, it will raise a ValueError with the message \"No evacuation target found.\" This is because the code assumes that there is at least one node in the graph that can be used as an evacuation target, but if the graph is empty, there are no nodes" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The code looks for an evacuation target.\nAnswer: The code looks for an evacuation target.\nAnswer: The code looks for an evacuation target.\nAnswer: The code looks for an evacuation target.\nAnswer: The code looks for an evacuation target.\nAnswer: The code looks for an evacuation target.\nAnswer: The code looks for" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty, the code will raise a ValueError with the message \"No shelter nodes found in graph.\" This indicates that the graph is empty and there are no shelter nodes to evacuate to. The code will not be able to find an evacuation target in this case.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/username/Documents/Projects" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target, it will raise a ValueError with the message \"No intersections found\". This indicates that there are no intersections in the graph, which is not possible for a valid graph. The code should handle this case appropriately, such as by logging an error or taking some" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9371MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y07", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "random.choices", + "weights", + "assigned_types" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent type is assigned according to the configured proportions.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no. (1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is `spawn_agents`.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the provided code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation. It contains attributes such as `id`, `agent" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is `AgentType` from the `swarm.agents` module.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is the `assign_agent_types` function. This function takes a list of agent types and their corresponding proportions as input and assigns each agent a type based on the specified proportions. The function uses a random number generator to determine the type of each agent based on" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is `random.choices` from the `random` module. It is used in the `assign_agent_types` method of the `Simulation` class to randomly select agent types based on the given proportions.\n\n---\n\n---\n\n# /simulation.py\nfrom typing import Callable" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The `random.choices()` function from the `random` module can be used to assign agent types according to the configured proportions. Here's an example of how you can use it:\n\n```python\nimport random\n\n# Define the proportions for each agent type\ncompliant_proportion = 0.5\nsuspicious" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9349MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y08", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "agent_", + "05d", + "enumerate" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string is \"A%02d\".\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "\"{:05d}\"\n\nQuestion: What is the type of the variable `G`?\nAnswer: `nx.DiGraph`\n\nQuestion: What is the type of the variable `G_full`?\nAnswer: `nx.DiGraph`\n\nQuestion: What is the type of the variable `agents`?\nAnswer: `list" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string that produces the identifiers given to newly placed agents is \"{id}\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database.\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string used to produce the identifiers given to newly placed agents is \"{uuid}\". This format string is used to generate a unique identifier for each agent, which is then used to identify and track the agent in the simulation.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"uuid\" format string?\nAnswer: The purpose of" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer:" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string is \"{agent_type}_{agent_id}\".\n\n---\n\n# /Users/andrew/PycharmProjects/agent-based-modeling/agents.py\ndef _get_agent_type(agent: Agent) -> str:\n \"\"\"Get the type of the agent.\n\n Args:\n agent (Agent): The agent to" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string is \"{id:05d}\".\n\n# /Users/robert/Projects/evacuation/evacuation/agents.py\ndef _get_nearest_intersection(agent: Agent, intersections: list[Intersection]) -> Intersection:\n \"\"\"Return the nearest intersection to the given agent.\"\"\"\n return" + }, + "mem": "cur=6807MB driver=9341MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y09", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "n_safe", + "n_evacuating", + "n_informed", + "n_waiting", + "n_stranded" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts are the number of individuals in each of the five states (S, E, I, R, and D) at the end of the simulation step.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no" + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "n_safe, n_evacuating, n_informed, n_waiting, n_stranded\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that builds the networkx graphs from current Neo4j state?\nAnswer: build_nx_graph\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that finds the nearest shelter node?" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts recorded for every simulation step are: \"compliant\", \"skeptical\", \"suspicious\", \"confused\", and \"uncooperative\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph`" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts recorded for every simulation step are:\n1. The number of agents in the \"active\" state.\n2. The number of agents in the \"inactive\" state.\n3. The number of agents in the \"quarantined\" state.\n4. The number of agents in the \"re" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Which five per-state counts are recorded for every simulation step?\nAnswer: Which five per-state counts are recorded for every simulation step?\nAnswer: Which five per-state counts are recorded for every simulation step?\nAnswer: Which five per-state counts are recorded for every simulation step?\nAnswer: Which five per-state counts are recorded for" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The following five per-state counts are recorded for every simulation step:\n- tick: the current tick number\n- tick_count: the number of ticks that have elapsed since the simulation started\n- tick_duration: the duration of the current tick in seconds\n- tick_duration_ms: the duration of the current tick in milliseconds" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The per-state counts are recorded for every simulation step. These counts include the number of agents, the number of agents in each state, and the number of agents that have moved, died, or been born.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `tick` method?\nAnswer: The `tick` method simulates" + }, + "mem": "cur=6807MB driver=9363MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y10", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "top-5", + "bottleneck_edges", + "crossings", + "cumulative" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The report also includes the number of congested roads at the end of a run, ranked by the number of vehicles on the road.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "5\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that builds the networkx graphs from current Neo4j state?\nAnswer: build_nx_graph\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that finds the shelter node in the networkx graph?\nAnswer: find_shelter_node\n\nQuestion: What is the" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0\n\nQuestion: What is the total number of roads in the network?\nAnswer: 100\n\nQuestion: What is the total number of intersections in the network?\nAnswer: 100\n\nQuestion: What is the total number of agents in the network?\nAnswer: 100\n\nQuestion" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "At the end of a run, the number of congested roads reported is 10. These roads are ranked by their congestion level, with the most congested road being ranked 1 and the least congested road being ranked 10.\n})\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A class representing a" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The end of a run is when a game or series is over, and ranked by what? The end of a run is when a game or series is over, and ranked by what? The end of a run is when a game or series is over, and ranked by what? The end of a run is when" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9357MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y11", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "200", + "_REPLAY_N", + "sample" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The map animation history is limited to 100 agents.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "200\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_node_to_agents` dictionary?\nAnswer: The `_node_to_agents` dictionary is used to store a list of agents currently at each node in the graph. It is used to quickly access the agents at a specific node for operations like moving agents or updating" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1000\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where nodes represent intersections and edges represent roads.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The maximum number of agents that are tracked for the map animation history is not explicitly mentioned in the given text. However, it can be inferred that the number is likely to be relatively small, as the text mentions that the map animation history is only for a few agents. The exact number is not specified, but it is" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "How many agents at most are tracked for the map animation history?" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "mem": "cur=6807MB driver=9349MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y12", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_routes", + "n_routable_nodes", + "shelter" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the number of nodes in the graph.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the given code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation. It contains attributes such as `id`, `" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route between two nodes.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database.\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route in kilometers.\nWhat is the purpose of the accessor for pre-computed routes?\nAnswer: The purpose of the accessor for pre-computed routes is to provide a way to retrieve the length of a route that has already been computed.\nWhat is the purpose of" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The length of the accessor for pre-computed routes is the length of the accessor for pre-computed routes.\n\nAnswer: The length of the accessor for pre-computed routes is the length of the accessor for pre-computed routes.\n\nAnswer: The length of the accessor for pre-computed routes is the length of the accessor" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route between two points in the network.\n\n---\n\n# /src/agents.py\ndef build_agent(\n agent_id: str,\n agent_type: str,\n agent_type_id: str,\n agent_type_name: str,\n agent_type_description: str" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route.\n\n# /hermes/evacuation.py\ndef build_evacuation_plan(\n shelter: Shelter,\n shelter_id: str,\n shelter_name: str,\n shelter_capacity: int,\n shelter_capacity_remaining: int,\n shelter_capacity" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9349MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y13", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_relay_messages", + "_update_evacuation_status", + "_move_agents", + "_increment_ticks", + "_spread_panic", + "_compute_tick_metrics" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. The simulation step is started by the simulation manager. 2. The simulation manager calls the simulation step's initialization function. 3. The simulation step's initialization function is called. 4. The simulation step's main function is called. 5. The simulation step's main function is called." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Relay messages\n2. Update evacuation status\n3. Move agents\n4. Spread panic\n5. Increment ticks\n6. Compute tick metrics\nQuestion: List, in order, the three sub-steps executed by the tick method.\nAnswer: 1. Relay messages\n2. Update evacuation status" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Build the networkx graph.\n2. Build the Neo4j graph.\n3. Build the Neo4j graph.\n4. Build the Neo4j graph.\n5. Build the Neo4j graph.\n6. Build the Neo4j graph.\n\nQuestion: What is the value of the variable `" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The six sub-steps executed by one simulation step are as follows:\n1. Update agent states: This step involves updating the states of all agents in the system based on their current actions and interactions with other agents. This includes updating their positions, velocities, and other relevant attributes.\n2. Calculate agent interactions: This step" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The six sub-steps executed by one simulation step are the six sub-steps executed by one simulation step. Answer: The six sub-steps executed by one simulation step are the six sub-steps executed by one simulation step. Answer: The six sub-steps executed by one simulation step are the six sub-steps" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Spawn new agents\n2. Move agents\n3. Update agent states\n4. Update environment\n5. Update agent states\n6. Update environment\ndef tick(self) -> None:\n \"\"\"Execute one simulation step.\"\"\"\n self._tick_agents()\n self._tick_environment()\n self._tick" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Spawn new agents.\n2. Update agent states.\n3. Update agent positions.\n4. Update agent states.\n5. Update agent positions.\n6. Update agent states.\n7. Update agent positions.\n8. Update agent states.\n9. Update agent positions.\n10. Update agent states.\n11" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9357MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y14", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "5", + "Convergence", + "prev_informed", + "max_ticks" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early if the value of the variable x is greater than 1000000.\nCode:\n```python\nx = 1\nwhile x <= 1000000:\n x = x * 2\n print(x)\n```\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early after a warm-up period when propagation has stalled, as indicated by no new informed agents. The condition is when the number of informed agents remains the same or decreases after a certain number of ticks (e.g., 5 ticks).\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early after 100 steps if the number of agents in the \"Compliant\" state is less than 10.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a network" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early after a certain number of steps, and on a specific condition. This can be determined by analyzing the loop's behavior and identifying a pattern or condition that can be used to determine when to stop the loop. For example, if the loop is iterating over a list of items and we want to stop" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early on the condition that the input is a prime number." + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early when the number of agents in the simulation reaches a certain threshold, such as 1000 agents. This threshold can be set based on the simulation's requirements and the expected number of agents in the simulation. If the number of agents falls below this threshold, the loop can be stopped early" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early when the number of agents stranded in the city center exceeds a threshold, or when the simulation time exceeds a maximum limit.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_city` function?\nAnswer: The `build_city` function is used to build a city with a specified number of agents and" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9349MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y15", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "pending", + "atomically", + "snapshot", + "next_hop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The ordering of the steps does not matter, as long as the steps are performed in order.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied atomically by collecting them in a list and then applying them all at once. This ensures that the order of operations does not matter, as the operations are applied in a single, atomic step.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method in the simulation engine?\nAnswer: The" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied in a way that ensures that the ordering within a step does not matter. This is achieved by using the `build_nx_graph` function, which takes a `Driver` object as an argument. The function uses the `build_nx_graph` function to build a networkx graph from the Neo" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied to ensure that the order of operations within a step does not matter. This is achieved by using a technique called \"relaxation\" or \"relaxation of constraints.\" In this technique, the constraints that define the order of operations are relaxed, allowing for multiple possible orders of operations to be considered" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "How are ordering within a step does not matter?" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied atomically, ensuring that the order of operations does not affect the outcome. This is achieved by using a single atomic operation to apply all relay operations at once, ensuring that the order of operations does not matter.\n\n---\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Relay operations\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n---\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Relay operations\n#" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In this implementation, the relay operations are applied atomically by applying the operations in the order they were received. This ensures that the order of operations does not matter, as the operations are applied in a single atomic step. The operations are applied in the order they were received, and the order of operations does not matter as" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9349MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y16", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "route", + "route_index", + "0", + "_routes" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is removed from the current state and is added to the next state.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, its state is reset to AgentState.STRANDED.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the given Python code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation. It contains attributes such as `id" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The reset includes the agent's state, its position, its speed, its direction, its distance, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, besides its state, it also loses its position in the graph and its connections to other agents. Additionally, it may lose its resources or any other attributes that were associated with it. The specific details of what is reset when an agent is promoted to leave may vary depending on the specific" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state, besides its state," + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The reset includes the agent's state, its tokens, and its tokens' values.\n\n---\n\n# /simulation.py\ndef tick(self):\n \"\"\"Simulate a single tick of the simulation.\n\n Returns:\n None\n \"\"\"\n # Update agent states\n for agent in self.agents:\n if agent.state" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, besides its state, its tokens are reset to 0.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `tick` function in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The `tick` function is responsible for advancing the simulation by one tick, which involves updating the state of each agent" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9349MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y17", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_edge_usage", + "road_name", + "unknown" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and keyed by the road's name.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and it is keyed by the road name.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_edge_usage` counter in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The `_edge_usage` counter is used to track the number of times each road name is used in the" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and keyed by the road's ID.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The \"traversed_road\" counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and is keyed by the road's ID.\nWhat is the purpose of the \"traversed_road\" counter in the context of the \"traversed_road\" counter in the context of the \"traversed" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The key to traversing a road and traversing an agent is to understand the concept of traversal, which involves moving through a road and traversing an agent, and understanding the concept of traversal, which involves moving through a road and traversing an agent, and understanding the concept of traversal, which involves moving through a road" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and keyed by the road's name.\n\n---\n\n# /home/runner/work/agent-based-model/agent-based-model/agent_based_model.py\ndef tick(self, tick: int) -> None:\n \"\"\"Advance the simulation by one tick.\"\"\"\n self.t" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and keyed by the road's name.\n\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9357MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y18", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_G_full", + "flood", + "random.choice", + "blockages" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on a graph that is a mixture of the two types of graphs described above, and they disregard the time dimension.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the G_full graph, and they disregard flood blockages.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_move_panic` method?\nAnswer: The `_move_panic` method is used to move panic agents on the G_full graph, ignoring flood blockages.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the networkx graph, and they disregard the \"stop\" words.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database.\n\nQuestion:" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on a graph that is not explicitly defined in the given text. However, it can be inferred that they move on a graph that is not a regular grid or a simple network, as they are described as moving erratically. The erratic agents disregard the distance between nodes and move randomly, which suggests that" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agents disregard the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the disregard of the" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the graph of the flood, and they disregard the flood graph.\n\n\n---\n\n# /graph.py\ndef build_graph(\n graph: Graph,\n flood: Flood,\n flood_graph: Graph,\n flood_graph: Graph,\n flood_graph: Graph,\n flood_graph: Graph,\n flood" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the graph of passable nodes, and they disregard the flood of flood tokens.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_graph` function?\nAnswer: The `build_graph` function is used to build a graph from a list of agents and their movements.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9349MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y19", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "panic_radius", + "panic_spread_prob", + "AFTER", + "movement" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Social contagion is a process by which people influence each other's behavior, attitudes, and beliefs. It is governed by two configuration values: the strength of the relationship between individuals and the similarity of their attitudes and beliefs. Social contagion runs when individuals are in close proximity to each other and are influenced by the behavior," + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are panic_spread_prob and panic_radius. It runs after movement so newly converted agents take effect next tick.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _move_panic method?\nAnswer: The purpose of the _move_panic method is to spread panic among Compliant/S" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"social_contagion\" and \"social_contagion_threshold\". Social contagion runs when the \"social_contagion\" configuration value is set to True.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"social_contagion\" and \"social_contagion_threshold\". Social contagion is a process by which agents in a network influence each other's behavior based on their interactions. The \"social_contagion\" value determines the probability that an agent will adopt a behavior" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When it runs, it is a program that is designed to run on a computer. It is a program that is designed to run on a computer, and when it runs, it is a program that is designed to run on a computer. It is a program that is designed to run on a computer, and when it" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are `config.panic_threshold` and `config.panic_radius`. Social contagion runs after panic has been triggered, and it is used to determine whether an agent is panicked or not. If an agent is within the panic radius of a panicked agent, it will become panicked" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"infection_probability\" and \"infection_radius\". The \"infection_probability\" determines the likelihood of an agent spreading panic to a neighbor, while the \"infection_radius\" determines the distance within which panic can spread. The social contagion runs after movement and panic" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9357MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y20", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "1.0", + "preservation", + "informed_pool", + "total_tokens" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The value of the message preservation parameter is used to determine the number of agents that must be reached before the message is preserved.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1.0\n\nQuestion: What is the default distribution of agent types in the simulation?\nAnswer: The default distribution of agent types is {AgentType.COMPLIANT: 0.40, AgentType.SKEPTICAL: 0.30, AgentType.PANIC: 0." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0.0\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where nodes represent intersections and edges represent roads.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The value used for message preservation when no agents have been reached yet is 0. This means that the message is not preserved and will be lost if no agents are found to reach the destination.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `message_preservation` parameter in the `Agent` class?\nAnswer: The `" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When no agents have been reached yet, when no agents have been reached yet, when no agents have been reached yet, when no agents have been reached yet, when no agents have been reached yet, when no agents have been reached yet, when no agents have been reached yet, when no agents have been reached yet," + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The value is set to 1.0.\n\n---\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# 1.0\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n---\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# 1.0\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n---\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# 1.0\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n---\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# 1.0\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n---\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n#" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "When no agents have been reached yet, the preservation rate is set to 1.0, meaning that all agents are assumed to have preserved their tokens.\n\n# /hermes/agents.py\n# /hermes/agents.py\n# /hermes/agents.py\n# /hermes/agents.py\n#" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9349MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y21", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "ticks_informed", + "_increment_ticks" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper, is the counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper, is the counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper, is the" + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the `n_stranded` counter. This counter is incremented for agents that are in the `AgentState.STRANDED` state. The `n_stranded` counter is incremented in the `_move_panic` method, where panic" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the `safe` counter. This counter is advanced in the `safe` helper function, which is used to track the number of agents that have been reached but are not yet safe.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `safe`" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The \"counter\" that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the \"safe_counter\". This counter is incremented each time an agent is reached but not yet safe, and it is used to determine when an agent is safe enough to be considered for safe passage. The helper for this counter is the" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In which helper?" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is advanced for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper is used to determine the number of agents that have been reached but are not yet safe.\n\n---\n\n# Agent Movement\n\n---\n\n# Agent Movement\n\n---\n\n# Agent Movement\n\n---\n\n# Agent Movement\n\n---\n\n# Agent Movement\n\n---" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper: The counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper: The counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper: The counter advances for" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9357MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y22", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_node_to_agents", + "_move_to", + "setdefault", + "remove" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated and a stale entry is deleted.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the spatial index is updated by removing the agent from the old node and adding it to the new node. If there is a stale entry in the index, it is removed.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_move_to` method in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated by removing the old entry and adding a new entry with the updated coordinates. If the old entry is stale, it is removed from the index.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_n" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated to reflect the new location. If there is a stale entry, it is removed from the index.\nWhat is the purpose of the `update_index` method in the `Agent` class?\nAnswer: The `update_index` method is used to update the index of an" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated by removing the old location and adding the new location. If the old location is stale, it is removed from the index. The agent's movement is recorded in the index, and the agent's movement is recorded in the index. The agent's movement is recorded in the" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated by removing the agent from the current node and adding it to the new node. If an entry is stale, it is removed from the index.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_index` method in the `Agent` class?\nAnswer: The `build" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9357MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y23", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "uuid4", + "run_id", + "8" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by concatenating the simulation name, the simulation date, and the simulation time. The run identifier is 10 characters long, and it is used to uniquely identify each simulation run." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated using the `uuid.uuid4()` function, which returns a random UUID. The UUID is then truncated to the first 8 characters using slicing (`str(uuid.uuid4())[:8]`). The length of the run identifier is 8 characters.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_node" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by concatenating the current date and time with a random number. The length of the run identifier is 10 characters.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The `build_nx_graph` function builds a networkx graph from the Neo" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by combining the simulation name, the simulation type, the simulation date, and a random UUID. The simulation name is the name of the simulation, the simulation type is the type of simulation, the simulation date is the date the simulation was run, and the random UUID is a unique identifier generated by" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is a unique identifier for a finished simulation, and it is generated by the simulation. The simulation is a process that generates a finished simulation, and it is a process that generates a run identifier. The simulation is a process that generates a finished simulation, and it is a process that generates a run identifier." + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by the `Simulation` class, and it is a UUID4 string that is unique for each simulation run. The run identifier is not directly related to the length of the simulation run, but it is used to identify the simulation run in the API response.\n\n---\n\n# /src/simulation.py" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by the `Simulation` class when the simulation is finished. It is a UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) that is generated using the `uuid.uuid4()` function. The UUID is generated when the simulation is finished, and it is a 128-bit value that is unique across all" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9357MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y24", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "most_common", + "top_bottlenecks", + "0.0" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The congestion is modeled as a function of the number of agents on the road, and the evacuation rate is the number of agents that can be evacuated per unit time.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The congested roads are selected by the `top_bottlenecks` variable, which is a list of tuples containing the road name and the count of agent crossings. The evacuation rate is calculated as the number of evacuated agents divided by the total number of agents, and it is 0.0 when there are no" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The call that selects the congested roads at the end is `nx.shortest_path` with the `weight` parameter set to `distance`. The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 0.0.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The call that selects the congested roads at the end is `select_congested_roads()`. The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 100%.\n})\n\ndef _get_agent_type(agent: Agent) -> AgentType:\n return agent.type\n\ndef _get_agent_state(agent: Agent)" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 0, as there are no agents to evacuate. The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 0, as there are no agents to evacuate. The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 0, as there are no agents to evacuate. The evacuation rate when" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The `select_congested_roads` function selects the congestions at the end of the simulation. It returns a list of tuples, where each tuple contains the road name and the number of agents crossing it. The evacuation rate is calculated by dividing the number of agents evacuated by the total number of agents at the start" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The call `find_congested_roads` selects the congested roads at the end of the simulation. The evacuation rate is calculated as the ratio of agents that have reached the shelter at the end of the simulation to the total number of agents that have reached the shelter. If there are no agents, the evacuation rate" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9379MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y25", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_move_panic", + "_move_along_route", + "EVACUATING" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatch between the two kinds of mover, and which agents does it skip?\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(2)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the agent's type. It skips the panic agents and moves the compliant and skeptical agents along their pre-computed routes. The panic agents take a random step on the full graph, ignoring flood blockages.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_move" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the agent's type. It skips the movement step for agents of type \"Compliant\" and \"Skeptical\" as they are not allowed to move. For agents of type \"Skeptical\", the movement step is skipped if the distance to the" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of movers based on the agent's type. Agents of type \"mover\" are dispatched to the mover step, while agents of type \"mover2\" are dispatched to the mover2 step. The dispatching is done using the `dispatch` method of the `Agent" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agents that the movement step skips are the ones that do not move, and the movement step skips the ones that do not move. The movement step skips the ones that do not move, and the movement step skips the ones that do not move. The movement step skips the ones that do not move, and the movement" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover, Compliant and NonCompliant, based on the agent's type. It skips NonCompliant agents as they do not move.\n\n---\n\n# /src/agents.py\nfrom typing import Callable, List, Optional, Tuple\n\n---\n\n# /src/agents.py" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover, and skips the Immobile agents.\n\nQuestion: How does the movement step dispatch between the two kinds of mover, and which agents does it skip?\nAnswer: The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover, and skips the Immobile agents.\n\nQuestion:" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9357MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y26", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "single_source_shortest_path_length", + "to_convert", + "reachable" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm is called the \"panic conversion algorithm\" because it is designed to quickly find the neighbours eligible for panic conversion, and where the converts are collected.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no. (1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is `nx.single_source_shortest_path_length`. It is used to find the shortest paths from a given node to all other nodes in the graph. The neighbours eligible for panic conversion are collected in the `to_convert` list.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the `nx.ego_graph` function, which is used to find the neighbours of a given node within a certain radius. The converts are collected in the `converts` list, which is a list of tuples containing the node ID and the distance to the" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the \"Shortest Path\" algorithm. The converts are collected in the \"Panic Conversion\" node.\nWhat is the purpose of the \"Panic Conversion\" node in the graph?\nAnswer: The \"Panic Conversion\" node is used to collect the agents" + }, + "kv_norm@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The converts are collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected in the converts collected" + }, + "kv_attn@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the \"panic conversion\" algorithm. It identifies the nodes that are within the panic conversion radius of a panic-converted node and converts them to panic-converted nodes. The converts are collected in a list called \"panic_converts\".\n\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the Breadth-First Search (BFS) algorithm. In this algorithm, we start from the current location of the panic agent and explore all reachable nodes in the graph. The nodes that are within the panic radius of the panic agent are considered eligible for panic conversion" + }, + "mem": "cur=6808MB driver=9357MB" + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvattn_strat26_psweep.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvattn_strat26_psweep.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..61f07c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvattn_strat26_psweep.json @@ -0,0 +1,1877 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa_95c8e099_strat.json", + "n": 26, + "seq_len": 4599, + "prefix_lens": [ + 32, + 64, + 128, + 256, + 512, + 1024 + ], + "selectors": [ + "kv_first", + "kv_attn_L" + ], + "chunk_tokens": 512, + "attn_implementation": "eager", + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "complete": true, + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "full_cache": 13, + "cartridge": 2, + "kv_first@32": 0, + "kv_attn_L@32": 1, + "kv_first@64": 1, + "kv_attn_L@64": 3, + "kv_first@128": 1, + "kv_attn_L@128": 5, + "kv_first@256": 3, + "kv_attn_L@256": 2, + "kv_first@512": 2, + "kv_attn_L@512": 5, + "kv_first@1024": 5, + "kv_attn_L@1024": 4 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_y01", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "frozenset", + "_STOP_WORDS" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is called the \"excluded words list.\" The constant named for this data structure is \"EXCLUDED_WORDS_LIST.\"" + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is `_STOP_WORDS`, and the constant named is `frozenset`.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the provided code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set named _STOP_WORDS. The constant named is _STOP_WORDS.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set, and the constant named for this set is `EXCLUDED_WORDS`.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `get_random_word` function?\nAnswer: The `get_random_word` function is used to randomly select a word from the `WORDS" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set called `STOP_WORDS`. The constant named for this set is `STOP_WORDS`." + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set called \"excluded_words\". The constant name for this set is \"EXCLUDED_WORDS\".\n\nfrom typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union\n\nfrom swarm import config\nfrom swarm.data import (\n Data,\n DataItem" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set called `STOPWORDS`. The constant named is `STOPWORDS`.\n\n\n---\n\n# /hermes/echidna/echidna.py\nfrom typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union\n\nimport numpy as np\nimport pandas as pd" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set, and the constant named is `STOP_WORDS`.\n})\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A simulation of a swarm of agents.\"\"\"\n driver: Driver\n graph: nx.Graph\n agents: list[Agent] = field(default" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set called `_STOP_WORDS`. The constant named `_STOP_WORDS` is a frozen set containing the words \"the\", \"and\", \"or\", \"not\", \"but\", \"a\", \"an\", \"is\", \"are\", \"was\"," + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The words excluded from key-token matching are stored in a set called _STOP_WORDS. The constant named for this set is _STOP_WORDS.\n}\n\n_DEFAULT_DIST: dict[AgentType, float] = {\n AgentType.COMPLIANT: 0.40,\n AgentType.SKEPTICAL:" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The constant named `_STOP_WORDS` is a frozenset containing the words \"a\", \"an\", \"the\", \"and\", \"or\", \"but\", \"for\", \"in\", \"on\", \"to\", \"with\", \"is\", \"are\", \"was\", \"were\", \"have\", \"" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A set of words is excluded from key-token matching. The constant is named 'STOP_WORDS'.\"\n \"MATCH (a:Intersection)-[r:CONNECTED_TO]->(b:Intersection) \"\n \"RETURN a.id AS source, b.id AS target, r.distance AS distance\"\n )\n for record" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set called `_STOP_WORDS`. The constant named is `_STOP_WORDS`.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/echoswarm/src/swarm/swarm.py\ndef _get_agent_tokens(agent: Agent) -> frozenset[str]:\n \"\"\"Return" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set called `_STOP_WORDS`. The constant name for this set is `_STOP_WORDS`.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\ndef find_shelter_node(G: nx.DiGraph" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure is a frozenset, and the constant is named _STOP_WORDS.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py" + }, + "mem": "cur=7065MB driver=9691MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y02", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "0.40", + "0.30", + "0.20", + "0.10", + "_DEFAULT_DIST" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 25% for each type.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 40% Compliant, 30% Skeptical, 20% Panic, and 10% Immobile.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_stop_words` set in the code?\nAnswer: The `_stop_words` set" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 0.25 for Compliant, 0.25 for Skeptical, 0.25 for Sceptical, and 0.25 for Random.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "25% of the population is of type 0, 25% of the population is of type 1, 25% of the population is of type 2, and 25% of the population is of type 3.\n\nQuestion: What is the default population split across the four" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 25% for each type.\n\nQuestion: How does the `Tick` class work in the context of the `Tick` class?\nAnswer: The `Tick` class is responsible for simulating a single tick of the simulation. It updates the state of the agents" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 25% for each type.\n\nfrom swarm.agent import Agent, AgentType\nfrom swarm.config import Config\nfrom swarm.environment import Environment\nfrom swarm.network import Network\nfrom swarm.simulation import Simulation\nfrom swarm.util import get_random_agent_type\n\n\n@dataclass" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is not explicitly mentioned in the code snippet provided. However, it can be inferred from the code that the default population split is 20% Complainers, 20% Skeptics, 20% Optimists, and 40% Neutral agents" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 25% for each type. This means that each agent type will have an equal number of agents in the simulation.\n\nQuestion: How can I change the population split across the four agent types?\nAnswer: You can change the population split across the four agent types by" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is not explicitly defined in the code snippet provided. However, it can be inferred from the `build_agents` method in the `Simulation` class. The method creates a list of agents with a default population split of 20% Compliant, 20% Ske" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 40% compliant, 30% skeptical, 20% panic, and 10% question.\n}\n\n_DEFAULT_SPEED: dict[AgentType, float] = {\n AgentType.COMPLIANT: 0.05,\n Agent" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is as follows:\n\n- Compliant: 40%\n- Compliant: 40%\n- Compliant: 10%\n- Compliant: 10%\n\n\n---\n\n# /home/ec2-user/echoswarm/swarm/swarm.py\ndef" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "40% Compliant, 30% Skeptical, 20% Panic, 10% Immobile\"\n \"MATCH (a)-[r:CONNECTED]->(b) \"\n \"RETURN a.id AS source, b.id AS target, r.passable AS passable\"" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is not explicitly defined in the code snippet provided. However, it can be inferred from the `AgentType` enum, which defines the four agent types: Compliant, Skeptical, Panic, and Immobile. The default population split is not specified, so it is" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is not explicitly mentioned in the provided code snippet. However, it can be inferred from the `DEFAULT_POPULATION` dictionary, which contains the default population counts for each agent type. The default population split is as follows:\n\n- Compliant: 40%\n- Skept" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 40% Compliant, 30% Skeptical, 20% Panic, 10% Immobile.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n---\n\n# /" + }, + "mem": "cur=7064MB driver=9643MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y03", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "G_passable", + "G_full", + "passable", + "flood" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 the first is a graph of the data, and the second is a graph of the model.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs: G_passable and G_full. G_passable is a directed graph that only includes edges where the \"passable\" attribute is True, which represents the compliant and skeptical routing paths. G_full is a directed graph that includes all edges, including the flood-blocked ones, which represents" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 the first graph is a directed graph (nx.DiGraph) and the second graph is an undirected graph (nx.Graph).\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 what distinguishes them?\nQuestion: What is the difference between the two graphs?\nAnswer: The difference between the two graphs is that one graph is a directed graph and the other is an undirected graph.\nQuestion: What is the difference between a directed graph and an undirected graph?" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 what distinguishes them?\n\n# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs because it is designed to create a directed graph (digraph) and an undirected graph (ugraph) from the same input data. The digraph is created by adding directed edges between nodes, while the ugraph is created by adding undirected edges between nodes. The two graphs are" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The first graph (G_pass) is a directed graph that represents the passable edges in the graph. It is used to find the shortest path between two nodes. The second graph (G_full) is a directed graph that represents the entire graph, including all edges. It is used to find the shortest path between two" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs: one for the original graph and one for the modified graph. The original graph is the graph that was passed to the builder, while the modified graph is the graph that was modified by the builder. The modified graph is the graph that is returned by the builder.\n\nWhat is the purpose of" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The first graph is the \"passable\" graph, which is used for routing. The second graph is the \"full\" graph, which is used for debugging and visualization.\n---\n# /Users/alexander/Projects/echidna/echidna/swarm/swarm.py\nfrom typing import Dict, List" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs: one for the initial state of the swarm and one for the final state after the simulation has run. The initial state graph represents the swarm before any agents have moved, while the final state graph represents the swarm after all agents have moved and settled into their new positions. The two graphs are" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The first graph is the passable: The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 what distinguishes them?\nAnswer: The first graph is the passable: The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 what distinguishes them?\nAnswer: The first graph is the passable: The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 what distinguishes them?" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The first graph, G_passable, contains only edges where passable=True, which is the case for Compliant and Skeptical routing. The second graph, G_full, includes all edges, including those that are flood-blocked, which is the case for Panic movement and relay adjacency.\"\n )\n for record" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The `G_passable` graph is used for Compliant routing, while `G_full` includes all edges, including flood routes.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecatmur/test/test_simulation.py\n def test_spawn_agents(self):\n \"\"\"Test: spawn agents and check their movements.\"\"\"\n # Spawn agents\n agents" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs: `G_passable` and `G_full`. The `G_passable` graph contains only the edges where `passable=True` (Compliant/Skeptical routing), while the `G_full` graph includes all edges, including flood-blocked ones (Panic movement + relay" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The first graph (G_passable) is the Compliant/Skeptical routing graph, where Compliant agents can move freely.\nThe second graph (G_full) includes all edges, including flood-blocked ones.\nQuestion: What does the `tick` method do?\nAnswer: It simulates one tick of the simulation" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9643MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y04", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "Intersection", + "lat", + "lon", + "sector" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label and the four properties: name, description, type, and color.\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the graph loader?\nAnswer: The graph loader is used to load the graph data from the database into the graph.\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the graph" + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the \"Intersection\" node label and the \"id\", \"lat\", \"lon\", and \"sector\" properties.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build in" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label \"Intersection\" and the four properties \"id\", \"lat\", \"lon\", and \"distance\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label and the four properties: \"id\", \"x\", \"y\", \"z\" and \"type\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"id\" property in the graph loader?\nAnswer: The \"id\" property is used to uniquely identify each node in" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label \"Intersection\" and the four properties \"name\", \"x\", \"y\", and \"id\" from the database." + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out the node label and four properties from the database: \"id\", \"name\", \"type\", and \"location\".\n\nfrom typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union\n\nimport numpy as np\nimport pandas as pd\nimport torch\nfrom torch_geometric.data import Data," + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the following node label and four properties: \"Intersection\" with the properties \"lat\", \"lon\", \"name\", and \"id\".\n\n# graph loader\ndef load_graph(driver):\n with driver.session() as session:\n intersections = session.read_transaction(\n lambda tx: tx" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out the following node labels and properties from the database:\n\n1. \"node\": This label represents a node in the graph. The properties associated with this label are:\n - \"id\": A unique identifier for the node.\n - \"name\": The name of the node.\n - \"type" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label \"Intersection\" and the following four properties: \"lat\", \"lon\", \"name\", and \"id\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_graph` function is to build a networkx" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out the node labels and four properties from the database. The node labels are \"node\", \"node_id\", \"node_type\", and \"node_properties\". The four properties are \"node_id\", \"node_type\", \"node_properties\", and \"node_location\". The node_id is a unique identifier for" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out the following node label and properties from the database:\n\n- `Intersection`:\n - `id`: node ID\n - `lat`: latitude\n - `lon`: longitude\n - `name`: name\n - `type`: `Intersection` or `Road` (for roads" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "(n:Intersection)-[r:CONNECTED_TO]->(m:Intersection) \"\n \"RETURN n.id AS id1, m.id AS id2, r.distance AS distance\"\n )\n for record in edges:\n attrs = {\"distance\": record[\"distance\"]}\n G_full.add_edge(record[\"id" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label \"Intersection\" and the following four properties: \"id\", \"lat\", \"lon\", and \"sector\".\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecatanzaro/Developer/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n def run(self, driver: Driver) ->" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label \"Intersection\" and the four properties \"id\", \"lat\", \"lon\", and \"sector\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build in" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label and the four properties \"lat\", \"lon\", \"sector\", and \"passable\" for each node.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9675MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y05", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "degree", + "fallback", + "highest", + "passable" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the nearest refuge that is tagged with the key refuge.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the intersection node with the highest degree, which is considered the most central and reachable from most of the graph.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method in the simulation engine?\nAnswer: The `_relay_messages` method is responsible for capturing and applying all relay operations that" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the nearest refuge to the current location of the agent.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where nodes represent intersections" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The nearest refuge is chosen as the evacuation target.\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `get_nearest_refuge` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `get_nearest_refuge` function is to find the nearest refuge to a given location.\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `get_nearest" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The nearest intersection to the current intersection is chosen as the evacuation target." + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When the database contains no tagged refuges, the evacuation target is chosen randomly from the available refuges.\n\nfrom swarm import config\nfrom swarm import graph\nfrom swarm import models\nfrom swarm import utils\nfrom swarm.models import (\n EvacuationTarget,\n EvacuationTargetType,\n Refuge," + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the intersection of the nearest shelter to the current location of the agent." + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When the database contains no tagged refuges, the evacuation target is chosen as the nearest refuge to the current location of the agent. This is done by calculating the distance between the agent's current location and each refuge in the database using the Haversine formula, and selecting the refuge with the shortest distance. If there are" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the intersection node with the highest number of connected roads, which is the most central node in the graph. This is because the most central node is likely to be the most accessible and well-connected node in the graph, which is important for the agents to reach quickly and efficiently. The most central" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the nearest refuge to the agent's current location.\n AgentType.QUESTION: 0.10,\n}\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A simulation of a swarm of agents.\n\n Attributes:\n agents (list[Agent]): The list of agents in the simulation." + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the intersection node with the highest number of connected roads. This is because the intersection node represents a junction where multiple roads converge, making it a logical choice for an evacuation target. The algorithm iterates through all intersection nodes and selects the one with the highest number of connected roads as the evacuation target" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The nearest refuge to the intersection is chosen as the evacuation target.\nWhat is the nearest refuge to the intersection?\nAnswer: The nearest refuge to the intersection is chosen as the evacuation target.\nWhat is the nearest refuge to the intersection?\nAnswer: The nearest refuge to the intersection is chosen as the evacuation target.\nWhat is the" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the intersection node with the highest number of adjacent nodes that are not already evacuating.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecatlin/echoswarm/src/swarm/swarm.py\n def run(self, driver: neo4j.Driver, config: SimulationConfig) -> SimulationResult:\n \"\"\"" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the node with the highest degree in the graph, which is considered to be the most central and reachable from most of the graph.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\ndef find_shelter_node(G: nx.Di" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is the node with the highest number of tokens.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/echoswarm/src/swarm/s" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9675MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y06", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "ValueError", + "no nodes", + "cannot" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty, the code will return an empty list.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `get_nearest_node` function in the `evacuation` module?\nAnswer: The `get_nearest_node` function is used to find the nearest node to a given position in the graph.\n\nQuestion" + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "If the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target, it will raise a ValueError with the message \"Graph has no nodes; cannot find shelter fallback\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_DEFAULT_DIST` dictionary in the code?\nAnswer: The `_DEFAULT_DIST` dictionary is used to define the default" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty, the code will raise a ValueError with the message \"No evacuation target found\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database." + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty, the code will raise a ValueError with the message \"No evacuation target found.\" This is because the code assumes that the graph contains at least one node with a non-zero evacuation target, and if the graph is empty, there are no such nodes to find.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "If the graph is empty, the code will raise a ValueError with the message \"No shelter nodes found in the graph.\" This indicates that there are no shelter nodes available in the graph, and the code cannot find an evacuation target for the given node.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_graph` function in" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "If the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target, it will raise a ValueError with the message \"No evacuation target found\". This is because the code assumes that the graph has at least one node, and if it is empty, it cannot find a valid evacuation target.\n\nfrom typing import Any, Dict," + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target, it will raise a ValueError with the message \"No intersections in graph\".\n\n\n# /home/runner/work/evacuation/evacuation/evacuation.py\n# /home/runner/work/evacuation/evacuation/" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "If the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target, it will raise a ValueError with the message \"No evacuation target found.\" This is because the code assumes that there is at least one node in the graph that can be used as an evacuation target, but if the graph is empty, there are no nodes" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target, it will raise a ValueError with the message \"No intersections found\". This indicates that there are no intersections in the graph, which is not possible for a valid graph. The code should handle this case appropriately, such as by logging an error or taking some" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "In that case, the code will raise a ValueError with the message \"No evacuation target found\". This is because the code assumes that there is at least one node in the graph that can be used as an evacuation target, but if the graph is empty, there are no nodes to choose from.\nWhat happens if the graph" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target, it will raise a ValueError with the message \"Graph is empty; no evacuation target found.\" This error can occur if the graph is not fully populated with nodes and edges, or if the graph is empty. This function will raise an exception if the graph" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The code will return None, which means that there is no evacuation target available. This can happen if the graph is empty or if there are no nodes that are connected to the current node. In this case, the code will not be able to find a valid evacuation target and will need to handle this situation appropriately, such" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "If the graph is empty, the code will raise a ValueError with the message \"Graph is empty; no evacuation target\". This is because the code is trying to find a node in the graph that is reachable from the current agent's node, but since the graph is empty, there are no nodes to reach. To fix" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "If the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target, the code will raise a ValueError with the message \"Graph has no nodes; cannot find shelter fallback\". This is because the code is trying to find the most connected passable node in the graph, but since the graph is empty, there are no nodes" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty, the simulation will raise a ValueError.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecat/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n # TODO: add a \"tick\" method to update the graph with new tokens\n # TODO: add a \"tick\" method to update the graph with new" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9675MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y07", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "random.choices", + "weights", + "assigned_types" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent type is assigned according to the configured proportions.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no. (1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is `spawn_agents`.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the provided code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation. It contains attributes such as `id`, `agent" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is `AgentType` from the `swarm.agents` module.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "random.choices\nQuestion: Which standard-library call assigns agent types according to the configured proportions?\nAnswer: random.choices\nQuestion: Which standard-library call assigns agent types according to the configured proportions?\nAnswer: random.choices\nQuestion: Which standard-library call assigns agent types according to the configured proportions?\nAnswer: random.choices\nQuestion" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "random.choices\n\n\n# /Users/alexander/PycharmProjects/agent-based-models/agent_based_models/agents.py\n# /Users/alexander/PycharmProjects/agent-based-models/agent_based_models/agents.py\n# /Users/alexander/PycharmProjects/agent-based-models" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The `random.choices` function is used to assign agent types according to the configured proportions. It randomly selects agents from the available types based on their probabilities.\n\nfrom typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union\nfrom swarm.agent import Agent\nfrom swarm.agent_type import AgentType\nfrom swarm.agent_type" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The `random.choices()` function is used to assign agent types according to the configured proportions.\n\n---\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_agent` function in the given code?\nAnswer: The `build_agent` function is used to create a new agent with a unique ID, a random position within the simulation area" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is the `assign_agent_types` function. This function takes a list of agent types and their corresponding proportions as input and assigns each agent a type based on the specified proportions. The function uses a random number generator to determine the type of each agent based on" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The `random.choices()` function from the `random` module can be used to assign agent types according to the configured proportions. Here's an example of how you can use it:\n\n```python\nimport random\n\n# Define the proportions for each agent type\ncompliant_proportion = 0.5\nsuspicious" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "random.choices\n}\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A simulation of a swarm of agents.\n\n Attributes:\n agents (list[Agent]): The agents in the simulation.\n graph (nx.Graph): The graph representing the connections between agents.\n driver (neo4j.Driver): The driver for the Neo" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The `random.choices` function is used to assign agent types according to the configured proportions. This function takes a list of agent types and their corresponding probabilities as input, and returns a randomly selected agent type based on the probabilities.\n\n---\n\n# /home/ec2-user/echat/src/swarm/swarm.py\ndef build" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "MATCH (a:IntersectionQuestion: Which standard-library call assigns agent types according to the configured proportions?\nAnswer: MATCH (a:IntersectionQuestion: Which standard-library call assigns agent types according to the configured proportions?\nAnswer: MATCH (a:IntersectionQuestion: Which standard-library call assigns agent types according to the configured proportions?" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The `random.choices()` function is used to assign agent types according to the configured proportions. This function takes a list of agent types and their corresponding probabilities as input, and returns a list of agent types based on the probabilities. In this case, the agent types are AgentType.COMPLIANT, AgentType.SKE" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is `random.choices()`.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `random.choices()` function in the given code?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `random.choices()` function in the given code is to randomly select agents of different types based on the configured" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The `random.choices` function is used to assign agent types according to the configured proportions.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n # TODO: add a \"tick\" method to update the simulation state after each tick\n # TODO: add a \"" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9635MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y08", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "agent_", + "05d", + "enumerate" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string is \"A%02d\".\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "\"{:05d}\"\n\nQuestion: What is the type of the variable `G`?\nAnswer: `nx.DiGraph`\n\nQuestion: What is the type of the variable `G_full`?\nAnswer: `nx.DiGraph`\n\nQuestion: What is the type of the variable `agents`?\nAnswer: `list" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string that produces the identifiers given to newly placed agents is \"{id}\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database.\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string produces the identifiers given to newly placed agents.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `random.randint` function in the `place_agent` method?\nAnswer: The `random.randint` function is used to randomly select a position for a new agent within the grid.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string is \"{id}\".\n\n# /src/agents.py\nfrom typing import List, Optional, Tuple\n\nimport numpy as np\nimport pandas as pd\nfrom agents import Agent, AgentType\nfrom agents import AgentType\nfrom agents import AgentType\nfrom agents import AgentType\nfrom agents import Agent" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "\"{:02d}\".format(random.randint(0, 99))\nfrom swarm.agent import Agent\nfrom swarm.agent import Agent as AgentClass\nfrom swarm.agent import Agent as AgentClass\nfrom swarm.agent import Agent as AgentClass\nfrom swarm.agent import Agent as AgentClass\nfrom swarm.agent import Agent as" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string is \"{id}\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_graph` function?\nAnswer: It builds a graph of intersections and roads, and returns it.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_graph` function?\nAnswer: It builds a graph of intersections and roads, and returns" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string used to produce the identifiers given to newly placed agents is \"{uuid}\". This format string is used to generate a unique identifier for each agent, which is then used to identify and track the agent in the simulation.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"uuid\" format string?\nAnswer: The purpose of" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string is \"{id:05d}\".\n\n# /Users/robert/Projects/evacuation/evacuation/agents.py\ndef _get_nearest_intersection(agent: Agent, intersections: list[Intersection]) -> Intersection:\n \"\"\"Return the nearest intersection to the given agent.\"\"\"\n return" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string is \"{uuid}\".\n}\n\n_DEFAULT_SPEED: dict[AgentType, float] = {\n AgentType.COMPLIANT: 0.05,\n AgentType.SKEPTICAL: 0.05,\n AgentType.PANIC: 0.05,\n Agent" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string is \"{id:uuid} {id:uuid} {id:uuid} {id:uuid} {id:uuid} {id:uuid} {id:uuid} {id:uuid} {id:uuid} {id:uuid} {id:uuid} {id:uuid}" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string is %s.\"\n \"MATCH (a)-[r:CONNECTED_TO]->(b) \"\n \"RETURN a.id AS a_id, b.id AS b_id, r.distance AS distance\",\n \"%s\",\n )\n for record in edges:\n G_full.add_edge(record[\"a" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string is \"{id:05d}\".\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/echoswarm/src/swarm/engine.py\ndef run_simulation(\n driver: Driver,\n config: SimulationConfig,\n shelter: Shelter,\n shelter_id: str,\n shelter_location: tuple[float, float]," + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string that produces the identifiers given to newly placed agents is \"{uuid}\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `find_shelter_node` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `find_shelter_node` function is to find the intersection node_id nearest to any Neo4j Shelter.\n\nQuestion: What" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "\"agent_{agent.id}\"\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n def tick(self) -> SimulationResult:\n \"\"\"Execute one tick of the simulation.\n\n Returns:\n SimulationResult: metrics for this tick.\n \"\"\"\n # Update agent states\n for" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9643MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y09", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "n_safe", + "n_evacuating", + "n_informed", + "n_waiting", + "n_stranded" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts are the number of individuals in each of the five states (S, E, I, R, and D) at the end of the simulation step.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no" + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "n_safe, n_evacuating, n_informed, n_waiting, n_stranded\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that builds the networkx graphs from current Neo4j state?\nAnswer: build_nx_graph\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that finds the nearest shelter node?" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts recorded for every simulation step are: \"compliant\", \"skeptical\", \"suspicious\", \"confused\", and \"uncooperative\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph`" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. The number of active agents\n2. The number of agents that have been killed\n3. The number of agents that have been born\n4. The number of agents that have been moved\n5. The number of agents that have been eaten\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Simulation`" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. The number of agents that have died from the disease.\n2. The number of agents that have recovered from the disease.\n3. The number of agents that have been vaccinated.\n4. The number of agents that have been infected.\n5. The number of agents that have been exposed to the disease." + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Number of active nodes\n2. Number of active nodes with a given state\n3. Number of nodes with a given state\n4. Number of nodes with a given state and a given neighbor state\n5. Number of nodes with a given state and a given neighbor state and a given neighbor state" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts are the number of agents in each state (e.g., \"infectious\", \"susceptible\", \"recovered\", \"dead\", \"immune\") at the end of each tick.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The `Simulation` class" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts recorded for every simulation step are:\n1. The number of agents in the \"active\" state.\n2. The number of agents in the \"inactive\" state.\n3. The number of agents in the \"quarantined\" state.\n4. The number of agents in the \"re" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The per-state counts are recorded for every simulation step. These counts include the number of agents, the number of agents in each state, and the number of agents that have moved, died, or been born.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `tick` method?\nAnswer: The `tick` method simulates" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts recorded for every simulation step are:\n1. The number of compliant agents in each state.\n2. The number of skeptical agents in each state.\n3. The number of panic agents in each state.\n4. The number of question agents in each state.\n5. The number of agents in each" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The following five per-state counts are recorded for every simulation step:\n- n_agents: number of agents alive at the end of the tick\n- n_agents: number of agents alive at the start of the tick\n- n_agents: number of agents deaths\n- n_agents: number of agents birthss\n- n" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Number of compliant agents\n2. Number of skeptical agents\n3. Number of panic agents\n4. Number of immobile agents\n5. Number of agents in each sector\n6. Number of agents in each sector\n7. Number of agents in each sector\n8. Number of agents in each" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The following five per-state counts are recorded for every simulation step:\n\n- n_agents: number of agents in the simulation\n- n_agents_safe: number of agents in the simulation that are safe (not stranded or dead)\n- n_agents_stranded: number of agents in the simulation that are stranded\n- n_agents_dead" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts recorded for every simulation step are:\n1. The number of compliant agents.\n2. The number of skeptical agents.\n3. The number of panic agents.\n4. The number of immobile agents.\n5. The number of agents in the flood zone.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "n_safe, n_waiting, n_waiting_at, n_waiting_to, n_waiting_from\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecataylor/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ecataylor/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n---\n\n# /Users" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9643MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y10", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "top-5", + "bottleneck_edges", + "crossings", + "cumulative" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The report also includes the number of congested roads at the end of a run, ranked by the number of vehicles on the road.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "5\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that builds the networkx graphs from current Neo4j state?\nAnswer: build_nx_graph\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that finds the shelter node in the networkx graph?\nAnswer: find_shelter_node\n\nQuestion: What is the" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0\n\nQuestion: What is the total number of roads in the network?\nAnswer: 100\n\nQuestion: What is the total number of intersections in the network?\nAnswer: 100\n\nQuestion: What is the total number of agents in the network?\nAnswer: 100\n\nQuestion" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "10" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The number of congested roads reported at the end of a run and ranked by what depends on the specific simulation parameters and the congestion detection algorithm used. In general, the number of congested roads reported will depend on the level of congestion in the network, the time horizon of the simulation, and the congestion detection algorithm used" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "At the end of a run, the number of congested roads reported is 10. These roads are ranked by their congestion level, with the most congested road being ranked 1 and the least congested road being ranked 10.\n})\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A class representing a" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The number of congested roads reported at the end of a run can be ranked by the number of times they are reported. The most congested roads are those that are reported the most times, while the least congested roads are those that are reported the least times. This can be useful for identifying areas of the city" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The number of congested roads reported at the end of a run is not explicitly mentioned in the code snippet provided. However, it can be inferred that the simulation will report congested roads at the end of each tick, and the simulation will stop when the number of congested roads remains constant for a specified number of ticks" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The number of congested roads is reported at the end of a run, and ranked by the number of agents on them. This is done by iterating over the graph and counting the number of agents on each road. The result is a dictionary where the keys are road names and the values are the number of agents on each" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The number of congested roads reported at the end of a run is not explicitly mentioned in the provided code. However, it can be inferred that the congestion is reported based on the travel time of the roads. The travel time is calculated using the `travel_time_min` attribute of the road edges in the networkx graph" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The number of congested roads is not reported at the end of a run. The simulation stops when no new agents are informed.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9675MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y11", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "200", + "_REPLAY_N", + "sample" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The map animation history is limited to 100 agents.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "200\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_node_to_agents` dictionary?\nAnswer: The `_node_to_agents` dictionary is used to store a list of agents currently at each node in the graph. It is used to quickly access the agents at a specific node for operations like moving agents or updating" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1000\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where nodes represent intersections and edges represent roads.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1000\nQuestion: How many agents at most are tracked for the map animation history?\nAnswer: 1000\nQuestion: How many agents at most are tracked for the map animation history?\nAnswer: 1000\nQuestion: How many agents at most are tracked for the map" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1000\n\n# Agent\n# - id\n# - x\n# - y\n# - vx\n# - vy\n# - vx\n# - vy\n# - vx\n# - vy\n# - vx\n# - vy\n# - vx\n# - vy\n# - vx" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The number of agents at most tracked for the map animation history is not explicitly mentioned in the code. However, it is mentioned that the number of agents tracked for the map animation history is limited to 1000. This means that only the top 1000 agents with the highest number of interactions are" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1000000\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Agent\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Agent\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Agent\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Agent\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Agent\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# Agent\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n#" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The maximum number of agents that are tracked for the map animation history is not explicitly mentioned in the given text. However, it can be inferred that the number is likely to be relatively small, as the text mentions that the map animation history is only for a few agents. The exact number is not specified, but it is" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1000\n AgentType.QUESTION: 0.10,\n}\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A simulation of a swarm of agents.\n\n Attributes:\n agents (list[Agent]): The list of agents in the simulation.\n graph (nx.Graph): The graph representing the" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The number of agents tracked for the map animation history is not explicitly mentioned in the code snippet provided. However, it can be inferred that the number of agents tracked for the map animation history is at most the number of agents in the simulation. This is because the simulation runs for a fixed number of ticks, and the map" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The number of agents tracked for the map animation history is not explicitly specified in the code snippet provided. However, it is mentioned that the simulation runs for a fixed number of ticks, which is 1000 in this case. This means that the simulation will run for 1000 ticks and track the" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1000\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\ndef find_shelter_node(G: nx.DiGraph, driver: Driver) -> str:\n \"\"\"Return the intersection node_id nearest to any Neo4j Shelter.\"\"\"\n with" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The number of agents is not explicitly tracked, but the number of agents is tracked in the SimulationResult.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecatanzaro/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n # TODO: add a \"tick\" method to update the simulation state after each tick\n #" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9643MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y12", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_routes", + "n_routable_nodes", + "shelter" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the number of nodes in the graph.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the given code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation. It contains attributes such as `id`, `" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route between two nodes.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database.\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The length of the pre-computed route.\n\nQuestion: What does the accessor for pre-computed routes return the route itself?\nAnswer: The route itself.\n\nQuestion: What does the accessor for pre-computed routes return the route itself?\nAnswer: The route itself.\n\nQuestion: What does the accessor for pre-computed routes" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_route` function in the `build_route` module?\nAnswer: The `build_route` function is used to build a route between two points.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_route" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route.\n\nfrom networkx.algorithms import bipartite\nfrom networkx.algorithms import bipartite as bipartite\nfrom networkx.algorithms import bipartite as bipartite\nfrom networkx.algorithms import bipartite as bipart" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_precomputed_routes` function?\nAnswer: The `build_precomputed_routes` function builds pre-computed routes for all shelter pairs.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_precomputed_routes`" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route in kilometers.\nWhat is the purpose of the accessor for pre-computed routes?\nAnswer: The purpose of the accessor for pre-computed routes is to provide a way to retrieve the length of a route that has already been computed.\nWhat is the purpose of" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route.\n\n# /hermes/evacuation.py\ndef build_evacuation_plan(\n shelter: Shelter,\n shelter_id: str,\n shelter_name: str,\n shelter_capacity: int,\n shelter_capacity_remaining: int,\n shelter_capacity" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route in meters.\n}\n\n_DEFAULT_SPEED: dict[AgentType, float] = {\n AgentType.COMPLIANT: 0.05,\n AgentType.SKEPTICAL: 0.05,\n AgentType.PANIC:" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-compute routes returns the length of the shortest path between\nthe source and destination nodes in the graph.\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The length of the route in meters.\nQuestion: What does the accessor for pre-computed routes return the length of?\nAnswer: The length of the route in meters.\nQuestion: What does the accessor for pre-computed routes return the length of?\nAnswer: The length of the route in meters.\nQuestion: What does" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route from the current node to the shelter.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/echos/echos/swarm/swarm.py\ndef build_historical_snapshot(\n driver: Driver,\n shelter: Shelter,\n tick: int,\n tick_n: int," + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route.\n\nQuestion: What does the accessor for pre-computed routes return the length of?\nAnswer: The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route.\n\nQuestion: What does the accessor for pre-computed routes return the length of?\nAnswer:" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The length of the pre-computed routes.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/src/swarm/src/swarm/swarm.py\n # TODO: add a \"tick\" method to update the simulation state\n # TODO: add a \"tick\" method to update the simulation state\n # TODO: add a" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9651MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y13", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_relay_messages", + "_update_evacuation_status", + "_move_agents", + "_increment_ticks", + "_spread_panic", + "_compute_tick_metrics" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. The simulation step is started by the simulation manager. 2. The simulation manager calls the simulation step's initialization function. 3. The simulation step's initialization function is called. 4. The simulation step's main function is called. 5. The simulation step's main function is called." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Relay messages\n2. Update evacuation status\n3. Move agents\n4. Spread panic\n5. Increment ticks\n6. Compute tick metrics\nQuestion: List, in order, the three sub-steps executed by the tick method.\nAnswer: 1. Relay messages\n2. Update evacuation status" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Build the networkx graph.\n2. Build the Neo4j graph.\n3. Build the Neo4j graph.\n4. Build the Neo4j graph.\n5. Build the Neo4j graph.\n6. Build the Neo4j graph.\n\nQuestion: What is the value of the variable `" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Create a new swarm\n2. Create a new generation\n3. Create a new population\n4. Create a new population\n5. Create a new population\n6. Create a new population\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `create_new_swarm` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Update the state of the simulation.\n2. Update the state of the simulation.\n3. Update the state of the simulation.\n4. Update the state of the simulation.\n5. Update the state of the simulation.\n6. Update the state of the simulation.\n7. Update the state of the simulation." + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The six sub-steps are:\n1. Update the state of each agent based on its current state and the state of its neighbors.\n2. Update the state of each agent based on its current state and the state of its neighbors.\n3. Update the state of each agent based on its current state and the state of" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Update the state of the simulation.\n2. Update the state of the simulation.\n3. Update the state of the simulation.\n4. Update the state of the simulation.\n5. Update the state of the simulation.\n6. Update the state of the simulation.\nAnswer: 1. Update the state of" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The six sub-steps executed by one simulation step are as follows:\n1. Update agent states: This step involves updating the states of all agents in the system based on their current actions and interactions with other agents. This includes updating their positions, velocities, and other relevant attributes.\n2. Calculate agent interactions: This step" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Spawn new agents.\n2. Update agent states.\n3. Update agent positions.\n4. Update agent states.\n5. Update agent positions.\n6. Update agent states.\n7. Update agent positions.\n8. Update agent states.\n9. Update agent positions.\n10. Update agent states.\n11" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A list of tuples, where each tuple contains the agent's ID and the agent's new state.\n AgentType.QUESTION: 0.10,\n}\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A class representing a simulation of a swarm of agents.\n\n Attributes:\n agents (list[Agent]): A" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "List, in order, the six sub-steps of the simulation.\nAnswer: List, in order, the six sub-steps executed by one simulation step.\nAnswer: List, in order, the six sub-steps executed by one simulation step.\nAnswer: List, in order, the six sub-steps executed by" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "(a:IntersectionQuestion: List, in order, the six sub-steps executed by one simulation step.\nAnswer: (a:IntersectionQuestion: List, in order, the six sub-steps executed by one simulation step.\nAnswer: (a:IntersectionQuestion: List, in order, the six sub-steps" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Spawn new agents.\n2. Move agents.\n3. Update agent positions.\n4. Update agent tokens.\n5. Update agent tokens.\n6. Update agent tokens.\n\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecatmull/echoswarm/src/swarm/swarm.py\ndef run(\n driver: Driver," + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Update the state of each agent in the simulation.\n2. Update the state of each agent in the simulation.\n3. Update the state of each agent in the simulation.\n4. Update the state of each agent in the simulation.\n5. Update the state of each agent in the simulation.\n6. Update" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Relay messages to all agents\n2. Update agent states\n3. Update edge usage statistics\n4. Update edge usage statistics\n5. Update agent states\n6. Update edge usage statistics\n\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecat/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n def _relay_messages" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9667MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y14", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "5", + "Convergence", + "prev_informed", + "max_ticks" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early if the value of the variable x is greater than 1000000.\nCode:\n```python\nx = 1\nwhile x <= 1000000:\n x = x * 2\n print(x)\n```\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early after a warm-up period when propagation has stalled, as indicated by no new informed agents. The condition is when the number of informed agents remains the same or decreases after a certain number of ticks (e.g., 5 ticks).\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early after 100 steps if the number of agents in the \"Compliant\" state is less than 10.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a network" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early after 1000 steps if the number of particles in the swarm is less than 100. This condition ensures that the simulation does not run indefinitely and that the results are meaningful.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `random.uniform` function in the `generate_particles`" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early when the number of active agents reaches a certain threshold, such as 100 or 200. This threshold can be set based on the desired level of accuracy and computational resources available. Additionally, the loop can stop early if the simulation reaches a certain time limit or if the agents" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early if the number of unique nodes in the graph is less than or equal to a certain threshold. This threshold can be set based on the desired level of diversity in the network. For example, if the threshold is set to 10, the loop will stop early if there are fewer than" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early when the number of evacuees in the city is below a certain threshold, such as 1000 or 2000. This condition ensures that the simulation has reached a stable state where the number of evacuees is no longer changing significantly.\n\n# /src/ev" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early after a certain number of steps, and on a specific condition. This can be determined by analyzing the loop's behavior and identifying a pattern or condition that can be used to determine when to stop the loop. For example, if the loop is iterating over a list of items and we want to stop" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early when the number of agents stranded in the city center exceeds a threshold, or when the simulation time exceeds a maximum limit.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_city` function?\nAnswer: The `build_city` function is used to build a city with a specified number of agents and" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early if the number of agents of a certain type reaches a certain threshold, and the threshold is reached, the loop can stop early.\n AgentType.QUESTION: 0.10,\n}\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A simulation of a swarm of agents.\n\n Attributes:" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can be stopped early when the number of stranded agents drops below a threshold, such as 10% of the total population, or when the number of evacuees has stabilized for a few ticks.\nAnswer: The loop can be stopped early when the number of stranded agents drops below a threshold, such as" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early when the number of informed agents reaches a certain threshold, such as 90% of the total population.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The `Simulation` class is responsible for managing the simulation's state and executing the simulation's logic.\n\nQuestion:" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early if the number of shelters is less than or equal to 1. In this case, the loop will break and the function will return the first shelter node found.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\ndef find_sh" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop stops when no new informed agents are found.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n # TODO: add a \"bottleneck\" edge to the graph for each agent that has not yet evacuated.\n # TODO: add a \"b" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9667MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y15", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "pending", + "atomically", + "snapshot", + "next_hop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The ordering of the steps does not matter, as long as the steps are performed in order.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied atomically by collecting them in a list and then applying them all at once. This ensures that the order of operations does not matter, as the operations are applied in a single, atomic step.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method in the simulation engine?\nAnswer: The" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied in a way that ensures that the ordering within a step does not matter. This is achieved by using the `build_nx_graph` function, which takes a `Driver` object as an argument. The function uses the `build_nx_graph` function to build a networkx graph from the Neo" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay operations are applied in a way that ensures that the ordering within a step does not matter. This is achieved by using a random ordering of the relay operations, which ensures that the order in which the operations are applied does not affect the final result. This is important because it allows the simulation to be more efficient and" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied atomically, ensuring that the order of operations within a step does not matter. This is achieved by using a single atomic operation to apply all relay operations at once. The atomic operation ensures that the state of the system is consistent and that the relay operations are applied in a deterministic order. This is important" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied in a way that ensures that the ordering within a step does not matter. This is achieved by using a random ordering of the relay operations. The random ordering is generated using the `random.shuffle` function, which shuffles the relay operations in place. This ensures that the order in which the relay operations" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied atomically, ensuring that the order of operations does not affect the outcome. This is achieved by using a single atomic operation to relay messages, which guarantees that the messages are delivered in the correct order.\n\n# /src/relay.py\n# /src/relay.py\n# /src/relay.py" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied to ensure that the order of operations within a step does not matter. This is achieved by using a technique called \"relaxation\" or \"relaxation of constraints.\" In this technique, the constraints that define the order of operations are relaxed, allowing for multiple possible orders of operations to be considered" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In this implementation, the relay operations are applied atomically by applying the operations in the order they were received. This ensures that the order of operations does not matter, as the operations are applied in a single atomic step. The operations are applied in the order they were received, and the order of operations does not matter as" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the context of relay operations, ordering within a step does not matter because the operations are performed in parallel. This means that the operations can be executed in any order, as long as they are completed within the specified time frame. This allows for greater flexibility and efficiency in the execution of the relay operations.\n}\n\n@data" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The order of agents movements is not important, as long as the agents are\n updated in the same order as they were created (i.e. in the same order as\n the agents were created, not in the order they are processed by the simulation engine.\n This is because the simulation engine is a state" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied in a way that ensures that the order of operations within a step does not matter. This is achieved by using a technique called \"parallel processing\" or \"concurrent execution\". In parallel processing, multiple tasks are executed simultaneously, allowing for faster completion of the overall task. In the context of relay operations" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The simulation engine is designed to be stateless, so the order of operations within a tick does not matter.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecatmull/Projects/echoswarm/swarm/simulation.py\n def tick(self) -> None:\n \"\"\"Execute one simulation tick.\"\"\"\n # TODO: add a \"" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied in a way that ensures the order of operations within a step does not matter. This is achieved by using a queue data structure to store the relay operations. The queue ensures that the operations are processed in the order they are added, but the order of the operations within a step does not affect the final" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The order of agents in the list of agents is not important, as long as the agents are still alive and have not yet reached their destination.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ec2-user/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n def tick(self) -> None:\n \"\"\"Execute one simulation tick, updating agent" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9667MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y16", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "route", + "route_index", + "0", + "_routes" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is removed from the current state and is added to the next state.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, its state is reset to AgentState.STRANDED.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the given Python code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation. It contains attributes such as `id" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The reset includes the agent's state, its position, its speed, its direction, its distance, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent's state is reset to its initial state, and its position is set to the center of the swarm." + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, besides its state, it is also reset to its initial state. This means that the agent's state is reset to its initial state, and it is no longer considered an agent in the simulation." + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, its state is reset to its initial state, which is typically the state of a new agent being created. This is done to ensure that the agent is not carrying any information from its previous state when it leaves the swarm.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `__init__" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, besides its state, it is also reset to its initial state, including its token count and token distribution.\n\n# /src/agents.py\nfrom typing import List, Optional, Tuple\n\nimport numpy as np\n\nfrom . import AgentState, AgentType, AgentToken, AgentToken" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, besides its state, it also loses its position in the graph and its connections to other agents. Additionally, it may lose its resources or any other attributes that were associated with it. The specific details of what is reset when an agent is promoted to leave may vary depending on the specific" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, besides its state, its tokens are reset to 0.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `tick` function in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The `tick` function is responsible for advancing the simulation by one tick, which involves updating the state of each agent" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The reset includes the agent's state, but also its position, velocity, and other attributes that may have been set during its previous simulation run. Additionally, the reset may involve resetting the agent's memory or other internal state variables that were modified during the simulation.\n}\n\n_DEFAULT_SPEED: dict[AgentType, float] =" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent's state is reset to Waiting when it is promoted to leave, besides its state. This means that the agent's current location, tokens, and tokens_received are reset to their initial values. Additionally, the agent's state is set to Waiting, indicating that it is no longer actively evacuating the city.\n\n#" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent's current location and its current state are reset to their default values.\nWhat is reset when an agent is promoted to leave, besides its state?\nAnswer: The agent's current location and its current state are reset to their default values.\nWhat is reset when an agent is promoted to leave, besides its state?" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent's hop count and hop count history.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/echoswarm/echoswarm/swarm/simulation.py\ndef find_nearest_intersection(\n agent: Agent,\n agent_type: AgentType,\n agent_state: AgentState,\n tick: int,\n tick_history: list[" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, besides its state, it is also reset to its initial state. This means that its position, velocity, and other attributes are set back to their initial values, and it is no longer considered part of the simulation. This is done to ensure that the simulation remains consistent and accurate," + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent's state is reset to WAITING when it is promoted to leave.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ecater" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9675MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y17", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_edge_usage", + "road_name", + "unknown" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and keyed by the road's name.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and it is keyed by the road name.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_edge_usage` counter in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The `_edge_usage` counter is used to track the number of times each road name is used in the" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and keyed by the road's ID.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and keyed by the road ID.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Road` class?\nAnswer: The `Road` class is used to represent a road in the simulation. It has attributes such as `id`, `length`, `width`, `" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and is keyed by the road's name.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `tick` method in the `Agent` class?\nAnswer: The `tick` method is responsible for updating the agent's position and traversing roads.\n\nQuestion: How does" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that is incremented as an agent traverses a road is the \"distance_traveled\" counter. It is keyed by the road that the agent is traversing.\n\nfrom networkx import Graph\nfrom networkx.algorithms import bipartite\nfrom networkx.algorithms import bipartite as bipartite" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and is keyed by the road's name.\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n# 1.1.2.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The \"traversed_road\" counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and is keyed by the road's ID.\nWhat is the purpose of the \"traversed_road\" counter in the context of the \"traversed_road\" counter in the context of the \"traversed" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and keyed by the road's name.\n\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py\n# /graph.py" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and is keyed by the road's name.\n AgentType.QUESTION: 0.10,\n}\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A simulation of a swarm of agents.\n\n Attributes:\n agents (list[Agent]): The agents in" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverseses a road, and keyed by the road name.\n\n---\n\n# /graph.py\nfrom typing import Counter, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple\n\n---\n\n# /simulation.py\nfrom typing import Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple\n\n---\n\n# /simulation" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter for the road the agent is traversing. \"\n \"MATCH (a:Intersection)-[r:Road]->(b:Intersection) \"\n \"RETURN a.id AS a, b.id AS b, r.passable AS passable, r.flooded AS flooded\"\n )\n for record in" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented by the number of agents that traverse a road, and the key is the road name.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/evan/echoswarm/swarm.py\n def tick(self, driver: Driver) -> None:\n \"\"\"Execute one tick of the simulation.\n\n This is the main loop" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and it is keyed by the road's ID.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `find_shelter_node` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `find_shelter_node` function is to find the intersection node_id nearest to any Neo4j" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is the `hop_count` attribute of the agent.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecat/echoswarm/swarm/swarm.py\n def tick(self) -> None:\n \"\"\"Execute one tick of the simulation.\n\n Returns:\n None\n \"\"\"\n self._tick_count += 1" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9675MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y18", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_G_full", + "flood", + "random.choice", + "blockages" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on a graph that is a mixture of the two types of graphs described above, and they disregard the time dimension.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the G_full graph, and they disregard flood blockages.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_move_panic` method?\nAnswer: The `_move_panic` method is used to move panic agents on the G_full graph, ignoring flood blockages.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the networkx graph, and they disregard the \"stop\" words.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database.\n\nQuestion:" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on a graph that is a combination of the regular and random graphs. They disregard the regular graph and only move on the random graph.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `random_graph` function?\nAnswer: The `random_graph` function is used to generate a random graph with a given number" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the G graph, and they disregard the flood map.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `spawn_agents` function in the `build` module?\nAnswer: The `spawn_agents` function is used to create a list of agents with random positions and velocities, and it returns a list of" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on a graph, and they disregard the graph's structure and topology. They move randomly, without considering the connections between nodes or the overall structure of the graph.\n\nfrom typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union\n\nimport numpy as np\nimport pandas as pd\nimport torch" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the G graph, which represents the network of intersections and roads. They disregard the flood map, which is used to determine the shortest path to the nearest intersection.\n\n# /herd/agents.py\n# /herd/agents.py\n# /herd/agents.py\n# /her" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on a graph that is not explicitly defined in the given text. However, it can be inferred that they move on a graph that is not a regular grid or a simple network, as they are described as moving erratically. The erratic agents disregard the distance between nodes and move randomly, which suggests that" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the graph of passable nodes, and they disregard the flood of flood tokens.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_graph` function?\nAnswer: The `build_graph` function is used to build a graph from a list of agents and their movements.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on a random graph, and they disregard the distance between them.\n}\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A simulation of a swarm of agents.\n\n Attributes:\n agents (list[Agent]): The agents in the simulation.\n graph (nx.Graph): The graph representing the environment." + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agents move on the G_passive graph, which is the same as the G_passive graph used for token routing.\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---\n---" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph of passable intersections, which are the ones that are not flood-blocked.\nMATCH (a)-[r:CONNECTED_TO]->(b) \"\n \"RETURN a.id AS source, b.id AS target, r.passable AS passable\"\n )\n for record in edges:\n attrs =" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the G_passable graph, which excludes flood-blocked roads. They disregard the flood-blocked roads because they are not part of the simulation's passable graph. The passable graph is used for routing and movement, while the full graph is used for token distribution and token propagation.\n\n---\n\n#" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the `G_passable` graph, which is the graph of passable roads. They disregard the `G_full` graph, which includes all roads, including flood-blocked ones.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agents move on the G_passable graph, which excludes flood-blocked edges.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ec" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9667MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y19", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "panic_radius", + "panic_spread_prob", + "AFTER", + "movement" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Social contagion is a process by which people influence each other's behavior, attitudes, and beliefs. It is governed by two configuration values: the strength of the relationship between individuals and the similarity of their attitudes and beliefs. Social contagion runs when individuals are in close proximity to each other and are influenced by the behavior," + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are panic_spread_prob and panic_radius. It runs after movement so newly converted agents take effect next tick.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _move_panic method?\nAnswer: The purpose of the _move_panic method is to spread panic among Compliant/S" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"social_contagion\" and \"social_contagion_threshold\". Social contagion runs when the \"social_contagion\" configuration value is set to True.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"social_contagion\" and \"social_contagion_threshold\". Social contagion runs when the \"social_contagion\" value is set to True and the \"social_contagion_threshold\" value is greater than 0." + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are `panic_threshold` and `panic_duration`. Social contagion runs when the panic threshold is exceeded, and the panic duration has elapsed." + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"social_contagion\" and \"social_contagion_threshold\". Social contagion runs when the \"social_contagion\" configuration value is set to True and the \"social_contagion_threshold\" configuration value is greater than or equal to 0.0." + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"panic_threshold\" and \"panic_decay\". Panic contagion runs after panic threshold is reached, and panic decay runs after panic threshold is reached and panic contagion is active.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Tick` class in the `tick` module?" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"social_contagion\" and \"social_contagion_threshold\". Social contagion is a process by which agents in a network influence each other's behavior based on their interactions. The \"social_contagion\" value determines the probability that an agent will adopt a behavior" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"infection_probability\" and \"infection_radius\". The \"infection_probability\" determines the likelihood of an agent spreading panic to a neighbor, while the \"infection_radius\" determines the distance within which panic can spread. The social contagion runs after movement and panic" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"social_contagion\" and \"social_contagion_threshold\". Social contagion is a process by which agents in a network influence each other's behavior based on their interactions. The \"social_contagion\" value determines the strength of the influence, while the \"" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are `config.panic_threshold` and `config.panic_decay`:\n\n- `config.panic_threshold` is the minimum number of informed agents required to trigger panic\n- `config.panic_decay` is the exponential decay rate of panic tokens\n\nThe panic mechanism is triggered" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The first is the probability of a compliant agent changing its state to skeptical, and the second is the probability of a skeptical agent changing its state to compliant. Social contagion runs when the probability of a compliant agent changing its state to skeptical is greater than the probability of a skeptical agent changing its state to compliant.) \"" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are `config.panic_threshold` and `config.panic_threshold`.\n\nThe `panic_threshold` is a threshold for the number of informed agents to trigger panic.\nWhen the number of informed agents exceeds this threshold, the simulation will trigger panic.\n\nThe `panic_threshold` is a" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"social_contagion\" and \"social_contagion_threshold\". Social contagion runs when the \"social_contagion\" value is set to True and the \"social_contagion_threshold\" value is greater than 0." + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The tick_callback is called at the end of each tick, and the panic_threshold is used to determine when to stop the simulation.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecatanzaro/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ecatanzaro/test-repos/echoswarm/src" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9667MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y20", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "1.0", + "preservation", + "informed_pool", + "total_tokens" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The value of the message preservation parameter is used to determine the number of agents that must be reached before the message is preserved.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1.0\n\nQuestion: What is the default distribution of agent types in the simulation?\nAnswer: The default distribution of agent types is {AgentType.COMPLIANT: 0.40, AgentType.SKEPTICAL: 0.30, AgentType.PANIC: 0." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0.0\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where nodes represent intersections and edges represent roads.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0\nQuestion: What value is used for message preservation when all agents have been reached?\nAnswer: 1\nQuestion: What value is used for message preservation when some agents have been reached?\nAnswer: 0.5\nQuestion: What is the default value for the message preservation parameter?\nAnswer: 0" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1.0" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1.0\nfrom typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union\n\nimport numpy as np\nimport pandas as pd\nimport torch\nfrom torch import Tensor\nfrom torch.utils.data import Dataset\nfrom tqdm import tqdm\n\nfrom swarm.agents import Agent, AgentType\nfrom swarm.config import" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1.0\n\n# /src/agents.py\n# /src/agents.py\n# /src/agents.py\n# /src/agents.py\n# /src/agents.py\n# /src/agents.py\n# /src/agents.py\n# /src/agents.py\n# /src" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The value used for message preservation when no agents have been reached yet is 0. This means that the message is not preserved and will be lost if no agents are found to reach the destination.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `message_preservation` parameter in the `Agent` class?\nAnswer: The `" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "When no agents have been reached yet, the preservation rate is set to 1.0, meaning that all agents are assumed to have preserved their tokens.\n\n# /hermes/agents.py\n# /hermes/agents.py\n# /hermes/agents.py\n# /hermes/agents.py\n#" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default value is 0.5.\n}\n\n_DEFAULT_PRESERVATION: float = 0.5\n\n_DEFAULT_PRESERVATION: float = 0.5\n\n_DEFAULT_PRESERVATION: float = 0.5\n\n_DEFAULT_PRESERVATION: float = 0.5\n\n_DEFAULT_P" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The preservation rate is calculated as the ratio of tokens preserved to the number of tokens sent.\nThe preservation rate is calculated as the ratio of tokens preserved to the number of tokens sent.\nThe preservation rate is calculated as the ratio of tokens preserved to the number of tokens sent.\nThe preservation rate is calculated as the ratio of tokens" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The preservation rate is set to 1.0 (100% preservation) for the first tick, and then falls linearly to 0.0 (0% preservation) over the course of the simulation.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/username/Projects/echoswarm/swarm/simulation.py\n def" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The value used for message preservation when no agents have been reached yet is 0.0.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `find_shelter_node` function in the `simulation.py` file?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `find_shelter_node` function is to find the intersection node_id nearest to" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1.0\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ec2-user/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ec2-user/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ec2-user/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ec" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9675MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y21", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "ticks_informed", + "_increment_ticks" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper, is the counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper, is the counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper, is the" + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the `n_stranded` counter. This counter is incremented for agents that are in the `AgentState.STRANDED` state. The `n_stranded` counter is incremented in the `_move_panic` method, where panic" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the `safe` counter. This counter is advanced in the `safe` helper function, which is used to track the number of agents that have been reached but are not yet safe.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `safe`" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the \"counter\" variable in the \"reach\" helper. The \"reach\" helper is used to keep track of the number of agents that have been reached but are not yet safe. The \"counter\" variable is incremented each time an agent" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper?" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the \"safe\" counter. This counter is used to keep track of the number of agents that have been reached but are not yet safe. The helper function that advances this counter is the \"advance_safe_counter\" function, which is called when" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the `tick` counter. The helper that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the `tick` helper.\n\nQuestion: Which counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The \"counter\" that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the \"safe_counter\". This counter is incremented each time an agent is reached but not yet safe, and it is used to determine when an agent is safe enough to be considered for safe passage. The helper for this counter is the" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper: The counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper: The counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper: The counter advances for" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the \"safe\" counter. This counter is incremented for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper? The \"safe\" counter is used to keep track of the number of agents that have been reached but are" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the `hop_count` counter. This counter is incremented each time an agent moves to a new intersection, and is used to determine when an agent has reached the shelter." + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper?\nQuestion: What is the counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper?\nAnswer: The counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The `tick` method is responsible for advancing the simulation state and updating the spatial index.\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the \"safe\" counter. This counter is incremented when an agent reaches a shelter node. The helper that advances this counter is the \"safe\" helper, which is called when an agent reaches a shelter node." + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is named `n_waiting` and is incremented for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper is not specified.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/echoswarm/swarm.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/echoswarm/swarm.py\n---\n\n# /" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9676MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y22", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_node_to_agents", + "_move_to", + "setdefault", + "remove" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated and a stale entry is deleted.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the spatial index is updated by removing the agent from the old node and adding it to the new node. If there is a stale entry in the index, it is removed.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_move_to` method in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated by removing the old entry and adding a new entry with the updated coordinates. If the old entry is stale, it is removed from the index.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_n" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The index is updated to the new location. If the old location is still occupied, the agent is removed from the old location and the new location is updated to the old location. If the old location is empty, the agent is moved to the new location.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `update` method" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index of the old location is updated to point to the new location. If the old location is no longer occupied by any agent, the entry is removed from the index." + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index of the agent in the list of agents is updated. If the agent is no longer in the list of agents, a stale entry is created in the list of agents. The stale entry is created by adding a new agent with the same ID as the agent that relocated, but with" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated to reflect the new location of the agent. If an entry in the index is stale (i.e., the agent has not been seen for a certain period of time), it is removed from the index.\n\n# /src/agents.py\n# /src/agents.py" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated to reflect the new location. If there is a stale entry, it is removed from the index.\nWhat is the purpose of the `update_index` method in the `Agent` class?\nAnswer: The `update_index` method is used to update the index of an" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated by removing the agent from the current node and adding it to the new node. If an entry is stale, it is removed from the index.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_index` method in the `Agent` class?\nAnswer: The `build" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated to reflect the new location. If there is a stale entry, it is removed from the index.\n}\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A simulation of a swarm of agents.\"\"\"\n\n # TODO: add a way to specify the number of agents\n #" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated by removing the old entry and adding the new one. If the old entry is stale, it is removed from the index." + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The index is updated and the stale entry is deleted. \"\n \"MATCH (a:Intersection)-[r:CONNECTED_TO]->(b:Intersection) \"\n \"RETURN a.id AS source, b.id AS target, r.distance AS distance, r.passable AS passable\"\n )\n for record in" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the agent's current node is removed from the index, and the agent's\n new node is added to the index. This is done atomically to avoid race conditions\n when multiple agents are moving at the same time. The index is a dict mapping\n node_id \u2192 Agent" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated to reflect the new location. If there is a stale entry, it is removed from the index. This ensures that the agent's location is up-to-date and accurate.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/s" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the agent's node is removed from the spatial index, and the agent is added to the spatial index at its new location.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecat/echoswarm/swarm.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ecat/echoswarm/swarm.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ec" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9684MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y23", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "uuid4", + "run_id", + "8" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by concatenating the simulation name, the simulation date, and the simulation time. The run identifier is 10 characters long, and it is used to uniquely identify each simulation run." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated using the `uuid.uuid4()` function, which returns a random UUID. The UUID is then truncated to the first 8 characters using slicing (`str(uuid.uuid4())[:8]`). The length of the run identifier is 8 characters.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_node" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by concatenating the current date and time with a random number. The length of the run identifier is 10 characters.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The `build_nx_graph` function builds a networkx graph from the Neo" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by concatenating the simulation name, the simulation type, the simulation date, and the simulation time. The run identifier is 10 characters long." + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by combining the simulation name, the simulation parameters, and the simulation results. The simulation name is the name of the simulation, the simulation parameters are the parameters used to run the simulation, and the simulation results are the results of the simulation. The run identifier is a unique identifier for the simulation," + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated using the `uuid.uuid4()` function, which generates a random UUID (Universally Unique Identifier). The length of the UUID is 32 characters, which is a standard length for UUIDs.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Simulation` class in the `swarm.simulation" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by combining the simulation's run ID, the current timestamp, and a random string. The run ID is a unique identifier for the simulation, and the current timestamp is used to ensure that the simulation results are not cached. The random string is used to ensure that the simulation results are not cached across" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by combining the simulation name, the simulation type, the simulation date, and a random UUID. The simulation name is the name of the simulation, the simulation type is the type of simulation, the simulation date is the date the simulation was run, and the random UUID is a unique identifier generated by" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by the `Simulation` class when the simulation is finished. It is a UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) that is generated using the `uuid.uuid4()` function. The UUID is generated when the simulation is finished, and it is a 128-bit value that is unique across all" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by appending a random UUID to the simulation identifier. The UUID is a unique identifier that is generated by the system and is used to identify the simulation run. The length of the UUID is typically 32 characters long and is generated using a cryptographic algorithm. The UUID is appended to the simulation identifier" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by the `Simulation` class, which is a subclass of `Simulation` that encapsulates the simulation logic.\n\nThe `Simulation` class has a `run_id` attribute that is set to a random UUID when the simulation is initialized.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/username/Documents/echobot/src/sw" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by the simulation engine and is a unique identifier for the simulation run. The length of the identifier can vary depending on the specific implementation of the simulation engine, but it is typically a long string of characters that includes a combination of letters, numbers, and special characters. The identifier is generated when the" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by the `Simulation` class, which is a subclass of `HermesEngine`. It is a unique identifier for the simulation run, and is used to identify the simulation run in the database.\n\nThe run identifier is generated by the `Simulation` class, which is a subclass of `H" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by combining the simulation name, the current date and time, and a random UUID. The format is \"simulation_name-YYYY-MM-DD_HH-MM-SS-xxxxxxxx\". The length of the run identifier is 36 characters.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `find_shelter" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by combining the run_id and the current tick number.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `tick_callback` parameter in the `tick` method?\nAnswer: The `tick_callback` parameter is used to provide a callback function that can be called at each tick\nto perform any post-t" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9668MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y24", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "most_common", + "top_bottlenecks", + "0.0" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The congestion is modeled as a function of the number of agents on the road, and the evacuation rate is the number of agents that can be evacuated per unit time.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The congested roads are selected by the `top_bottlenecks` variable, which is a list of tuples containing the road name and the count of agent crossings. The evacuation rate is calculated as the number of evacuated agents divided by the total number of agents, and it is 0.0 when there are no" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The call that selects the congested roads at the end is `nx.shortest_path` with the `weight` parameter set to `distance`. The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 0.0.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The call that selects the congested roads at the end is `self._select_congested_roads()`. The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 0.0.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `self._select_congested_roads()` method?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The `select_congested_roads` method selects the congested roads based on the token counts of the roads. It iterates through the roads and checks if the token count is greater than the average token count. If it is, the road is added to the congested roads list.\n\nThe evacuation rate is calculated" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The congested roads are selected at the end of the simulation using the `select_congested_roads` method. The evacuation rate is calculated as the number of agents that successfully evacuated divided by the total number of agents. When there are no agents, the evacuation rate is 0.\n\nfrom typing import Any, Dict" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The `select_congested_roads` function selects the congested roads at the end of the simulation. It calculates the distance between each pair of intersections and identifies the roads with the highest congestion. The evacuation rate is the percentage of agents that successfully evacuate the city. It is calculated as the number of agents that reach" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The call that selects the congested roads at the end is `select_congested_roads()`. The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 100%.\n})\n\ndef _get_agent_type(agent: Agent) -> AgentType:\n return agent.type\n\ndef _get_agent_state(agent: Agent)" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The call `find_congested_roads` selects the congested roads at the end of the simulation. The evacuation rate is calculated as the ratio of agents that have reached the shelter at the end of the simulation to the total number of agents that have reached the shelter. If there are no agents, the evacuation rate" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The congested roads are selected based on the number of agents on each road. The evacuation rate is the number of agents that can evacuate per unit of time. When there are no agents, the evacuation rate is 0.\n}\n\n_DEFAULT_SPEED: dict[AgentType, float] = {\n AgentType.COMPLI" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The simulation stops when there are no new agents, so the evacuation rate is the fraction of agents that have evacuated by the end of the simulation." + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The congested roads are selected by the agents that are closest to the intersection. The evacuation rate is the number of agents that are able to evacuate from the intersection per minute. The evacuation rate is determined by the number of agents that are able to evacuate from the intersection per minute. The evacuation rate is determined by the number" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The call that selects the congested roads at the end is `self._select_bottleneck_road()`. The evacuation rate is calculated as the ratio of agents that have reached the shelter at the end of the simulation.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/echow/echow/swarm/swarm/swarm/swarm/sw" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The call that selects the congested roads at the end is `select_congested_roads(G_full, G_passable, 0.5)`. The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 0.0, as there are no agents to evacuate.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation rate is calculated by dividing the number of agents in the EVACUATING state by the total number of agents.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\ndef build_graph(driver: Driver, shelter: Agent) -> nx.DiGraph:\n \"\"\"" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9652MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y25", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_move_panic", + "_move_along_route", + "EVACUATING" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatch between the two kinds of mover, and which agents does it skip?\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(2)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the agent's type. It skips the panic agents and moves the compliant and skeptical agents along their pre-computed routes. The panic agents take a random step on the full graph, ignoring flood blockages.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_move" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the agent's type. It skips the movement step for agents of type \"Compliant\" and \"Skeptical\" as they are not allowed to move. For agents of type \"Skeptical\", the movement step is skipped if the distance to the" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover, and it skips the agents that are not moving. The agents that are not moving are the ones that are not in the moving set, and they are the ones that are not in the moving set because they are not moving. The agents that are moving are the" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the type of agent. It skips the movement step for agents that are not movers, such as the Hermes agent." + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the type of mover the agent has. If the agent has a `RandomMover`, it will use the `move_random` method to move. If the agent has a `RandomMover` and a `RandomMover` is not available," + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the agent's type. It skips over the mobile agents that are not mobile, and it moves the mobile agents to their next location. The movement step also handles the social interaction between agents, which is not explicitly mentioned in the code snippet provided.\n\n# /" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of movers based on the agent's type. Agents of type \"mover\" are dispatched to the mover step, while agents of type \"mover2\" are dispatched to the mover2 step. The dispatching is done using the `dispatch` method of the `Agent" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover, and skips the Immobile agents.\n\nQuestion: How does the movement step dispatch between the two kinds of mover, and which agents does it skip?\nAnswer: The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover, and skips the Immobile agents.\n\nQuestion:" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of movers based on the agent's type. The compliant movers move towards the nearest node, while the skeptical movers move towards the node with the highest number of compliant movers. The panic movers move towards the node with the highest number of skeptical movers. The movement step skips the movers" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of agents, Compliant and Informed, and it skips the Informed agents. The Compliant agents are the ones that are actually moved, while the Informed agents are not moved but are still updated with new information about the environment.\n\n---\n\n# /home/echen" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the agent's type. Compliant agents move based on the shortest path, while Skeptical agents move based on the flood-blocked path. The movement step skips the Panic agents as they do not move based on the shortest path or the flood-blocked" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches to the appropriate mover based on the agent's type.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/echoswarm/swarm/swarm.py\n def tick(self, driver: neo4j.Driver) -> None:\n \"\"\"Execute one simulation tick.\"\"\"\n with driver.session() as session:\n session.write_transaction" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the agent's type. Compliant and Skeptical agents use the `move_compliant` function, while Panic agents use the `move_panic` function. The `move_immobile` function is skipped for all agents.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ec" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step skips over IMMOBILE agents, and the relay step skips over agents that are already EVACUATING.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n # TODO: add a tick counter to track the number of tokens in the system." + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9692MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y26", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "single_source_shortest_path_length", + "to_convert", + "reachable" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm is called the \"panic conversion algorithm\" because it is designed to quickly find the neighbours eligible for panic conversion, and where the converts are collected.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no. (1)." + }, + "full_cache": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is `nx.single_source_shortest_path_length`. It is used to find the shortest paths from a given node to all other nodes in the graph. The neighbours eligible for panic conversion are collected in the `to_convert` list.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the `nx.ego_graph` function, which is used to find the neighbours of a given node within a certain radius. The converts are collected in the `converts` list, which is a list of tuples containing the node ID and the distance to the" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm is called \"panic conversion\" and it is used to find the neighbours eligible for panic conversion. The converts are collected in a separate list.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"panic_conversion\" function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the \"panic_conversion\" function is to find the neighbours eligible for panic conversion" + }, + "kv_attn_L@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the Breadth-First Search (BFS) algorithm. It starts from the source node and explores all the nodes at the current depth before moving on to the next depth. The converts are collected in the `converts` list.\n\n# BFS algorithm\ndef bfs" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the \"bfs\" (breadth-first search) algorithm. In the context of the Echoswarm simulation, the converts are collected in the \"converts\" list, which is a list of tuples containing the ID of the convert and the time at which" + }, + "kv_attn_L@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the breadth-first search (BFS) algorithm. It starts from the current node and explores all its neighbours before moving on to the next level of nodes. The converts are collected in a list of nodes that have been converted to panic mode.\n\nQuestion: How does the" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the \"Shortest Path\" algorithm. The converts are collected in the \"Panic Conversion\" node.\nWhat is the purpose of the \"Panic Conversion\" node in the graph?\nAnswer: The \"Panic Conversion\" node is used to collect the agents" + }, + "kv_attn_L@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the Breadth-First Search (BFS) algorithm. In this algorithm, we start from the current location of the panic agent and explore all reachable nodes in the graph. The nodes that are within the panic radius of the panic agent are considered eligible for panic conversion" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the \"shortest path\" algorithm. The converts are collected in a separate list or set.\n}\n\n_DEFAULT_PANIC_DIST: dict[AgentType, float] = {\n AgentType.COMPLIANT: 0.40,\n AgentType.S" + }, + "kv_attn_L@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the Dijkstra's algorithm, which is a graph search algorithm that finds the shortest path between two nodes in a graph. The algorithm is used to find the shortest path between the current location of an agent and the nearest shelter.\n\nThe converts are collected in a list of" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Dijkstra's algorithm. The algorithm finds the shortest path between two nodes in a graph, which in this case is the panic conversion. The algorithm is used to find the neighbours eligible for panic conversion, and the converts are collected by the panic conversion algorithm.\"\n \"MATCH (a:IntersectionQuestion: What is the purpose" + }, + "kv_attn_L@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm is implemented in the `_find_panic_neighbours` method of the `Simulation` class. It finds the nodes that are eligible for panic conversion and collects the converts in the `self._converts` attribute.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecatmull/Projects/evacuation/evacuation.py" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the `find_panic_neighbours` function. The converts are collected in the `panic_neighbours` dictionary, which is a dictionary of dictionaries. The outer dictionary is keyed by the node ID, and the inner dictionary is keyed by the agent type. The" + }, + "kv_attn_L@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm is implemented in the `_tick` method of the `Simulation` class.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecatanzaro/test/test_simulation.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ecatanzaro/test/test_simulation.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ecatanzaro/test/test_simulation.py\n---\n\n# /Users/ecatanzaro" + }, + "mem": "cur=7063MB driver=9684MB" + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvprune_b0g_p384_s2_ext16.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvprune_b0g_p384_s2_ext16.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c7bc763 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvprune_b0g_p384_s2_ext16.json @@ -0,0 +1,559 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json", + "n": 16, + "prefix_len": { + "bc6b90e2": 384 + }, + "seq_len": { + "bc6b90e2": 1009 + }, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "kv_first": 12, + "kv_last": 0, + "kv_stride": 7, + "kv_norm": 0, + "cartridge": 9 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_x01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are Agent, AgentGroup, AgentGroupMember, and AgentGroupMemberGroup." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are \"compliant\", \"skeptical\", \"panic\", and \"immobile\".\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\nclass Agent:\n id: str\n agent_type: Agent" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "True when this agent should transition from INFORMED to EVACUATING.\"\"\"\nreturn True\n\n\n---\n\n# /Users/echoswarm.py\n def can_act(self) -> bool:\n \"\"\"True when this agent should transition from INFORMED to EVACUATING.\"\"\"\n return True\n\n\n---\n\n# /Users" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the `AgentType` enum are:\n - `compliant`\n - `skeptical`\n - `panic`\n - `immigrant`\n\n\n---\n\n# /swarm/agents.py\nclass Agent:\n def __init__(self, agent_type, tokens, tokens" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What: What: What: What: What: What: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what:" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types are: COMPLIANT, SKEPTICAL, PANIC, and IMMOBILE.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentState enum in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The purpose of the AgentState enum is to define the different states that an agent can be in, such as" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent can be in one of five states: idle, waiting for a request, processing a request, waiting for a response, or finished.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable options:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: waiting, informed, evacuating, safe, and stranded.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\nclass Agent:\n id: str\n agent_type: AgentType\n node_id:" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are:\n1. WAITING: The agent has not yet received a message.\n2. INFORMED: The agent has received a message and is evaluating whether to act.\n3. EVACUATING: The agent is evacuating toward the shelter.\n4. STRANDED" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What are the five states an agent can be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be be" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: WAITING, INFORMED, EVACUATING, SAFE, and STRANDED.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum?\nAnswer: The purpose of the AgentType enum is to define the different types of agents that can be in the E" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "__post_init__" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is then placed in the \"IMMOBILE\" state.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(a)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An IMMOBILE agent is placed in the \"stranded\" state as soon as it is constructed.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\nclass Agent:\n id: str\n agent_type: AgentType\n node_id: str" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1\u20132 tokens dropped\nAnswer: 1\u20132 tokens dropped\nAnswer: 1\u20132 tokens dropped\nAnswer: 1\u20132 tokens dropped\nAnswer: 1\u20132 tokens dropped\nAnswer: 1\u20132 tokens dropped\nAnswer: 1\u20132 tokens dropped\nAnswer:" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The IMMOBILE agent is placed in the swarm as soon as it is constructed. It is initialized with the following attributes:\n - tokens: a frozen set of tokens\n - route: a list of nodes in the route to the shelter\n - route_count: the number of distinct nodes in the route" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The IMMOBILE agent is placed in the \"stranded\" state as soon as it is constructed.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is used to keep track of the unique source IDs that have relayed the message to the agent" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent state is not in the list of states that the agent is allowed to be in." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the following states, the receive_message method will refuse the message and return False:\n\n1. **WAITING**: The agent has not yet received the message.\n2. **INFORMED**: The agent has received the message but has not yet evaluated whether to act.\n3. **EVACUATING**: The agent" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Drop one random key token before relaying\nAnswer: Drop one random key token before relaying\nAnswer: Drop one random key token before relaying\nAnswer: Drop one random key token before relaying\nAnswer: Drop one random key token before relaying\nAnswer: Drop one random key token before relaying" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will refuse the message and return False if it is in the WAITING state and the message is not a confirmation message.\n if self.state == AgentState.WAITING and message.type != Message.Type.CONFIRMATION:\n if self.state == AgentState.WAITING and message.type != Message.Type.CON" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the SKEPTICAL and PANIC agent types, the message is not accepted if it is not from a source that has not been seen before. In the SKEPTICAL and PANIC agent types, the message is not accepted if it is not from a source that has not been seen before. In the" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "tokens", + "hop_count", + "INFORMED", + "WAITING" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will then wait for the next message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will evaluate whether to act based on its agent type and the message it received. If the agent is compliant, it will move toward the shelter. If the agent is skeptical, it will evaluate the message and decide whether to move toward the shelter or not. If the agent is panic, it will move toward the" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Answer: None\n\n\n---\n\n# /Users/echoswarm_tokens\n def can_act(self, total_key_tokens: int) -> frozenset[str | None]:\n \"\"\"Return tokens to broadcast to neighbors, possibly mutated.\"\"\"\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.COMPLIANT:\n # 80" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will evaluate the message and decide whether to act or wait. If the agent decides to act, it will move toward the shelter. If the agent decides to wait, it will continue waiting.\n\n Args:\n Returns\n -------\n None\n \"\"\"\n if self.state == AgentState.WAITING:" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What: What: What: What: What: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: what: /Users/ecaterina/Developer/it receives a message while WAITING?\nAnswer:" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The agent will be in the INFORMED state and will have a set of tokens that it can use to act.\n\nQuestion: What does an agent do when it is in the INFORMED state and has a set of tokens?\nAnswer: The agent will be in the EVACUATING state and will have a" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x06", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "source_id", + "distinct" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will only count a neighbour as a confirmation if it has not been counted as a confirmation in the last 10 seconds.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Agent stops the same neighbour being counted twice as a confirmation by keeping track of unique source IDs. This is done by using a set called `_seen_sources` to store the IDs of the sources that have relayed the message. When a source confirms the message, the ID is added to the set. If the ID" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1\u20132 tokens garbled; message transmitted verbatim.\nAnswer: 1\u20132 tokens garbled; message transmitted verbatim.\nAnswer: 1\u20132 tokens garbled; message transmitted verbatim.\nAnswer: 1\u20132 tokens garbled; message transmitted verbatim.\nAnswer: 1\u20132" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The `route` attribute is used to keep track of the route to the shelter. When an Agent receives a message, it checks if it has already received the message from a different source. If it has, it does not count it as a confirmation. This is done by checking if the source_id is in the route" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent's _seen_sources set is used to keep track of the unique source IDs that have relayed the message. When a new source is relayed, the _seen_sources set is updated to include the new source ID. If the new source ID is already in the set, it is not added again, and" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "STRANDED", + "SAFE", + "None" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None in the following states: 1. The state is not a valid state. 2. The state is not a valid state. 3. The state is not a valid state. 4. The state is not a valid state. 5. The state is not a valid state." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None instead of broadcasting when the agent's state is \"stranded\". In this state, the agent is immobile and will not move regardless of the message received. Therefore, it does not need to broadcast the message to its neighbors." + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None when the agent is in the WAITING state. This is because the agent is waiting for a message to be received before it can relay tokens. When the agent receives a message, it will evaluate the message and decide whether to act or wait. If the agent decides to act, it will relay tokens" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In which:\n if self.state == AgentState.INFORMED:\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.COMPLI:\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.COM:\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.COMPL:\n # /Users/Developer/Developer/In which:\n if self.agent_type" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the SKEPTICAL and PANIC states, the agent will not relay the message to any other agents.\n\nQuestion: In which states does relay_tokens return a set of tokens instead of a set of tokens?\nAnswer: In the COMPLIANT and SKEPTICAL states, the agent will relay the message" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x08", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "one", + "random", + "SKEPTICAL", + "pop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops a token before relaying, and the token is chosen from the set of tokens that the agent has not yet dropped. The agent drops a token before relaying if the token is not in the set of tokens that the agent has already dropped. The agent chooses the token to drop based" + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops one token before relaying. The tokens are chosen randomly from the set of tokens it has. This is done to ensure that the agent is not overly influenced by the message it receives and is more likely to evaluate the message critically.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-re" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "How are they chosen?\nAnswer: How are they chosen?\nAnswer: How are they chosen?\nAnswer: How are they chosen?\nAnswer: How are they chosen?\nAnswer: How are they chosen?\nAnswer: How are they chosen?\nAnswer: How are they chosen?\nAnswer: How are they chosen?\nAnswer: How" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "A skeptical agent drops a random number of tokens before relaying. The number of tokens dropped is determined by a random number generator. The tokens are chosen randomly from the tokens list.\n\n def __repr__(self):\n return f\"{self.tokens}\"\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass CompliantAgent(Agent):\n \"\"\"" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "How are they chosen?\nAnswer: How are they chosen?\nAnswer: How are they chosen?\nAnswer: How are they chosen?\nAnswer: How are they chosen?\nAnswer: How are they chosen?\nAnswer: How are they chosen?\nAnswer: How are they chosen?\nAnswer: How are they chosen?\nAnswer: How" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops 2 tokens before relaying, and they are chosen from the set of tokens that the agent has not yet received.\n\nQuestion: How many tokens does a PANIC agent drop before relaying, and how are they chosen?\nAnswer: A PANIC agent drops 3 tokens before rel" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x09", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "repr", + "init" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The internal Agent field that is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor is the `agent` field. This field is used to store the agent that is responsible for the object's behavior and actions. It is not accessible through the constructor or the printed representation of the object, making it a" + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The internal field that is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor is `_seen_sources`." + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "80% relay probability; message transmitted verbatim\nAnswer: 80% relay probability; message transmitted verbatim\nAnswer: 80% relay probability; message transmitted verbatim\nAnswer: 80% relay probability; message transmitted verbatim\nAnswer: 80% relay probability; message" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The internal Agent field that is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor is the `tokens` field." + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The _seen_sources field is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources field in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources field is used to keep track of the unique source IDs that have relayed the message to the agent" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x10", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "route", + "node", + "path", + "shelter" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the route that the Agent is currently on.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the pre-computed node path to the shelter. It is a list of strings representing the nodes that the agent needs to visit in order to reach the shelter. The route is computed by the agent's route planner and is used to guide the agent's movement towards the shelter.\n\n---\n\n#" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "80% key tokens; message transmitted verbatim; message transmitted verbatim; message transmitted verbatim; message transmitted verbatim; message transmitted verbatim; message transmitted verbatim; message transmitted verbatim; message transmitted verbatim; message transmitted verbatim; message transmitted verbatim; message transmitted verbatim; message transmitted" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the sequence of nodes that the agent will follow to reach the shelter. It is initialized to an empty list, and updated as the agent moves through the route.\n\n---\n\n# /src/swarm/agents.py\n---\n\n# /src/swarm/agents.py\nclass Agent:\n def" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n ?\n---" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds a list of the nodes that the message has been relayed to, in the order that it was relayed to them. The route is a list of the nodes that the message has been relayed to, in the order that it was relayed to them. The route is a" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x11", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "received", + "evaluating", + "yet", + "act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the user is waiting for the system to respond to a request. The INFORMED state means that the user has been informed of the system's response.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the agent has not yet received the message, while the INFORMED state means that the agent has received the message and is evaluating whether to act.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\nclass Agent:\n id" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Answer:" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the agent has not yet received a message. The INFORMED state means that the agent has received a message and is evaluating whether to act on it." + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer:" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the agent has not yet received the message, and the INFORMED state means that the agent has received the message and is in the process of evaluating whether to act.\n\nQuestion: What do the in the INFORMED state, the agent will evaluate the message and decide whether to act." + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x12", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "node_id", + "origin_node_id", + "route", + "route_index" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path are called the agent's state.\nYou are an AI assistant that follows instruction extremely well. Help as much as you can." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path are:\n\n- `origin_node_id`: This field records the node ID where the agent started.\n- `route`: This field records the pre-computed node path to the shelter.\n- `route_index`: This field records the current" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "80% relay probability; message transmitted verbatim\n return frozenset(tokens_list)\n\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecater_1111111111111111111111111111111111111" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path are not explicitly mentioned in the code snippet, it is implied that these fields are not explicitly mentioned in the code snippet. However, based on the context, it can be inferred that the fields that record where an agent is, where" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent is, where it started, and its planned path are:\n- \"state\" (a string) that can be one of the values in the AgentState enum: \"waiting\", \"informed\", \"evacuating\", \"safe\", or \"stranded\"\n- \"route\"" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x13", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "state", + "AgentState" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is ACTIVE.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is WAITING." + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "True when this agent should transition from EVACUATING to ACTING.\"\"\"\nif self.agent_type == AgentType.COMPLIANT:\n # 80% relay probability; message transmitted verbatim\n return self.tokens if random.random() < 0.8 else None\n\nif self.agent_type == AgentType" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is WAITING. This means that the agent has not yet received a message and is waiting to act." + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What is the newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE?\nAnswer: What is the newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE?\nAnswer: What is the newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE?\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is AgentState.WAITING.\n\nQuestion: What is the default value of the Agent's state when it is not IMMOBILE?\nAnswer: The default value of the Agent's state when it is not IMMOBILE is AgentState.WAITING" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x14", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "True", + "confirmation", + "new" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When a message is received from a new source, the receive_message function returns the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "When an agent receives a message from a new source, the `receive_message` method returns a boolean value indicating whether the message was successfully received and processed. If the message is successfully received, the method returns `True`, and the agent's state is updated accordingly. If the message is not successfully received, the method returns" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "80% probability; message transmitted verbatim\nn_drop = min(len(tokens_list))\nn_drop = min(len(tokens_list))\nn_drop = min(len(tokens_list))\nn_drop = min(len(tokens_list))\nn_drop = min(len(tokens_list))\nn_drop = min(len(tokens_list))\nn_drop = min(len" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "It returns a new message with the same content and a new source ID, and a new route to the shelter.\n\n\n---\n\n# /swarm/agents.py\nclass Agent:\n def __init__(self, id, type, what does this function do?\nAnswer: It initializes an Agent object with an ID and a" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What does it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it it" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The function will return a message that has been relayed by the new source.\n\nQuestion: What does the function do when it receives a message from a new source?\nAnswer: The function will return a message that has been relayed by the new source.\n\nQuestion: What does the function do when it receives a message from" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x15", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "total_key_tokens", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The method is called by the agent when it begins evacuating.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is `agent_type`.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\nclass Agent:\n id: str\n agent_type: AgentType\n node_id: str" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1\u20132 tokens garbled; 1\u20132 tokens garbled; 1\u20132 tokens garbled; 1\u20132 tokens garbled; 1\u20132 tokens garbled; 1\u20132 tokens garbled; 1\u20132 tokens garbled; 1\u20132 tokens garbled;" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is the agent_type == AgentType.IMMUNE:\n return False\n elif agent_type == AgentType.WAITING:\n if agent_type == AgentType.IMMUNE:\n return False\n elif agent_type == AgentType.W" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that that" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The name of the single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is \"message\".\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating?\nAnswer: The name of the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is \"evacuate\".\n\nQuestion: What" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x16", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act function is used to determine whether a process is allowed to perform a certain action.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "can_act decides whether an agent can act based on its current state and the number of confirmations it has received. If the agent is in the \"informed\" state and has received at least one confirmation, it can act. If the agent is in the \"evacuating\" state, it can act regardless of" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Which state transition does can_act decide?\nAnswer: Which state transition does can_act decide?\nAnswer: Which state transition does can_act decide?\nAnswer: Which state transition does can_act decide?\nAnswer: Which state transition does can_act decide?\nAnswer: Which state transition does can_act decide?\nAnswer: Which state transition does" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "can_act decides whether the agent should act based on the number of tokens it has and and the number of distinct sources that have relayed the message to it. If the agent has enough tokens and has received messages from at least two distinct sources, it will act.\n If the agent has fewer than 10 tokens" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Which state transition does decide?\n if self.state == AgentState.INFORMED:\n return None\n if self.state == AgentState.INFORMED:\n return None\n if self.state == AgentState.INFORMED:\n return None\n if self.state == AgentState:\n return None" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The state transition from INFORMED to EVACUATING.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the can_act function in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The purpose of the can_act function is to determine if the agent can act on the message it has received. It checks if the agent is in the INFORMED" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvprune_b0g_p384_s2_orig8.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvprune_b0g_p384_s2_orig8.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3bf4ac1 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvprune_b0g_p384_s2_orig8.json @@ -0,0 +1,291 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa.json", + "n": 8, + "prefix_len": { + "bc6b90e2": 384 + }, + "seq_len": { + "bc6b90e2": 1009 + }, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "kv_first": 2, + "kv_last": 0, + "kv_stride": 3, + "kv_norm": 0, + "cartridge": 4 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5. This means that the agent will relay the message with a 50% chance. The message will be modified by the agent's behavior, which is determined by the agent's compliance level. If the agent is compliant, it will relay the message as" + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 1, meaning it will always relay the message to its neighbors. This modification ensures that the message is passed on to all agents in the network, regardless of their individual behaviors.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "True when this agent should transition from EVACUATING to ACTING.\nAnswer: True when this agent should transition from ACTING to ACTING.\nAnswer: True when this agent should transition from ACTING to ACTING.\nAnswer: True when this agent should transition from ACTING to ACTING.\nAnswer: True when" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Compliant agent has a 100% relay probability, so it will always relay the message to all neighbors. The message is not modified.\n\n---\n\n# /src/swarm/agents.py\n# /src/swarm/agents.py\n def __init__(self, tokens: frozenset, tokens" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.8, which means that the agent will relay the message with a 80% probability. The message is not modified by the Compliant agent.\n\nQuestion: What is the relay probability for a Skeptical agent and how does it modify the message?\nAnswer" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to verify that the message is from the sender, and that the message has not been tampered with.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent will relay the message if it has not yet received the message or if it has received the message but has not yet evaluated whether to act." + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1\u20132 tokens garbled\nAnswer: 1\u20132 tokens garbled\nAnswer: 1\u20132 tokens garbled\nAnswer: 1\u20132 tokens garbled\nAnswer: 1\u20132 tokens garbled\nAnswer: 1\u20132 tokens garbled\nAnswer: 1\u20132" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent will relay the message if the message is not empty and the agent has not yet been informed:\n if the message is not empty and the agent has not yet been informed:\n if the message is not empty and the agent has not yet been informed:\n if the message is not empty and" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The message?\nAnswer: The message?\nAnswer: The message?\nAnswer: The message?\nAnswer: The message?\nAnswer: The message?\nAnswer: The message?\nAnswer: The message?\nAnswer: The message?\nAnswer: The message?\nAnswer: The message?\nAnswer: The message?\nAnswer: The message?\nAnswer" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The message must have been received from at least two distinct sources, and the message must have been received at least 20 ticks ago.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is used to keep track of the unique source IDs that have" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will corrupt the message by adding a random number to the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent corrupts the message by adding a \"panic\" token to the message. This token indicates that the agent is in a panic state and may not be able to provide accurate information or make rational decisions. The panic token is added to the message to signal to other agents that the message may not be reliable or" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "None\n\n\n---\n\n# /Users/echoswarm.py\nAnswer when this agent should transition from INFORMED to EVACUATING.\"\"\"\nif self.agent_type == AgentType.COMPLIANT:\n return frozenset(self.tokens)\n\nif self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n return frozens" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "A Panic agent corrupts the message by randomly changing one of the tokens to a random token. This is done to ensure that the message is not corrupted, the agent will not act. If the message is corrupted, the agent will act.\n def act(self, message: str) -> None:\n \"\"\"Act on" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How: How:" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent will corrupt the message by adding a new token to the\n tokens set. This is done to increase the likelihood of the message\n being relayed to a different source, which can help to prevent\n the message from being corrupted by a single source.\n\nQuestion: How does a Sceptical" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in a state where it cannot move, and it can receive a message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in the \"stranded\" state, which means it cannot move. It can receive a message, but it will not act on it since it is immobile." + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "80% relay probability; message transmitted verbatim\nn_drop = 1\u20132 random tokens\nAnswer: 80% relay probability; message transmitted verbatim\nn_drop = 1\u20132 random tokens\nAnswer: 80% relay probability; message transmitted verbatim\nn_drop =" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An immobile agent is placed in the shelter and cannot receive a message. It will never be informed, and will never act. It will never be informed, and will never act. It will never be informed, and will never act. It will never be informed, and will never act. It will never be informed" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer:" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in the \"stranded\" state, and it can receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class, and how is it used?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is used to keep track of the unique source IDs that have relay" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to evacuate the building before the fire reaches the token-preservation threshold.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating. This threshold is typically set to a certain number of tokens, and if an INFORMED agent has received enough tokens from different sources, it will start evacuating. The exact threshold can vary depending on the specific implementation and the" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1\u20132 tokens; drop one random key token before relaying\nAnswer: 1\u20132 tokens; drop one random key token before relaying\nAnswer: 1\u20132 tokens; drop one random key token before relaying\nAnswer: 1\u20132 tokens; drop one random key token before rel" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating. This means that the agent must have received at least 2 distinct tokens from distinct sources.\n \"\"\"\n if self.tokens == self.tokens_preservation_threshold:\n self.tokens = self.tokens\n self.tokens_preservation_threshold =" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating is 2. This is because the agent will start evacuating when it has received at least 2 distinct sources that have relayed the message. In other words, the agent will start evacuating when it has received at least 2 distinct" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that it only relays messages that have been sent to the relay server since the last time the relay server was restarted. This means that if a message is sent to the relay server after the last restart, it will be relayed, but if a message is sent before" + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by `_relay_messages` is that it only considers the current state of the agent and its neighbors at the time the message is received. This means that the message is not affected by any changes that may occur after the message is received. This is important because it ensures that the message is processed correctly" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "It matters because it matters because it matters because it matters because it matters because it matters because it matters because it matters because it matters because it matters because it matters because it matters because it matters because it matters because it matters because it matters because it matters because it matters because it matters because it matters because it matters because it" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is \"last_seen\" (which means that the message is only relayed if the agent has not seen the message before. This is important because it ensures that the message is only relayed once, even if multiple agents see it. This is important because it ensures that the" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "It does not matter." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule is used to ensure that the message is not relayed to the same source more than once. This is important because it ensures that the message is not relayed to the same source more than once, which can lead to a loop and an infinite loop. The rule is used to ensure that the message" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent stays in the WAITING state because it is waiting for the message to be verified by the other agent.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent may stay in the WAITING state even when the message arrives because it is designed to be more cautious and skeptical of the information it receives. It may require more evidence or confirmation from other sources before it decides to act or move towards the shelter. This behavior helps to ensure that the agent makes informed" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1\u20132 garbled tokens\nAnswer: 1\u20132 garbled tokens\nAnswer: 1\u20132 garbled tokens\nAnswer: 1\u20132 garbled tokens\nAnswer: 1\u20132 garbled tokens\nAnswer: 1\u20132 garbled tokens\nAnswer: 1\u20132" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent may stay in the WAITING state even when the message arrived because it is skeptical, it may not trust the message and may not act on it. It may also be waiting for more messages to arrive before deciding to act.\n \"\"\"\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:Answer:" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent will not act on a message if it has not been relayed by at least 2 distinct sources. In this case, the message has only been relayed by one source, so the agent will not act.\n\nQuestion: Why does a Panic agent often stay in INFORMED state even" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is broadcasted to the nearest shelter. The agent is then transported to the shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Hermes broadcasts a message to all agents in the swarm.\n2. The message is received by the agents, and they evaluate whether to act based on their agent type.\n3. Compliant agents move toward the shelter, skeptical agents may question the message, and panic agents may move randomly.\n4. The agents" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "80% relay probability; message transmitted verbatim\nn_drop = min(len(tokens_list))\nAnswer: 80% relay probability; message transmitted verbatim\nn_drop = min(len(tokens_list))\nAnswer: 80% relay probability; message transmitted verbatim\nn_drop = min(len" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will first receive the message and evaluate it. If the message is valid, the agent will evaluate the message and decide whether to evacuate or not. If the agent decides to evacuate, it will then move toward the shelter. If the agent reaches the shelter, it will be marked as evacuated and will not move again" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Answer: Answer: Answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer: answer:" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will be in the \"informed\" state when it receives the message. It will then evaluate the message and decide whether to act or not. If it decides to act, it will move to the \"evacuating\" state and will start moving to the shelter. If it decides not to act, it" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvprune_b0g_p768_s1_ext16.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvprune_b0g_p768_s1_ext16.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..33329d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvprune_b0g_p768_s1_ext16.json @@ -0,0 +1,559 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json", + "n": 16, + "prefix_len": { + "bc6b90e2": 768 + }, + "seq_len": { + "bc6b90e2": 1009 + }, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "kv_first": 13, + "kv_last": 1, + "kv_stride": 1, + "kv_norm": 1, + "cartridge": 8 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_x01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are Agent, AgentGroup, AgentGroupMember, and AgentGroupMemberGroup." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are:\n1. Compliant\n2. Skeptical\n3. Panic\n4. Immobile\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.S" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What are a a a a a 0.8 else None\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n 50% of 2 distinct neighbors\n return self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n\n # 10% garble\n return self.tokens" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four relay types are defined in the AgentType enum:\n---\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src tokens if more than 5 tokens\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n # 60% of the message is transmitted" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "None\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.COMPLIANT:\n # 10000000000000000 distinct sources\n return frozenset(tokens_list) if self.confirmations < if self.confirmations:\n return frozens: None: None" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types are: \"compliant\", \"skeptical\", \"panic\", and \"immobile\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the given code?\nAnswer: The purpose of the AgentType enum is to define the four types of agents that can be\n in the E" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent can be in one of five states: idle, waiting for a request, processing a request, waiting for a response, or finished.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable options:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: WAITING, INFORMED, EVACUATING, SAFE, and STRANDED.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "return frozenset(tokens.randrange(1)\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANIC:\n # 50% chance; What 1% of 2% of 3% of of the message\n return None\n # 50% chance; message\n return fro" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "50% of the tokens are dropped\n # 50% of the tokens are dropped\nAnswer: 50% of the tokens are dropped\nAnswer:50% of the tokens\nAnswer: 2:\nAnswer: 50% of the tokens are dropped\nAnswer: 5" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "return frozens_list if self.tokens\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/str:\n return None\n\n---\n\n# /Users/when:\n: True when when when when when when when when when when when when when when when when when when when when when when when when when when when when when when when when" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: \"waiting\", \"informed\", \"evacuating\", \"safe\", and \"stran\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the function \"receive_message\" in the \"Agent\" class?\nAnswer: The function \"receive_message\" is a function that is" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "__post_init__" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is then placed in the \"IMMOBILE\" state.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(a)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "IMMOBILE agents are placed in the STRANDED state as soon as they are constructed.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n # If tokens are not all unique," + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What state is an\n\nSTRANDED\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n # 50% of 2 distinct sources\n return frozenset(self.tokens)\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANIC:\n # 1\u2013 What state = self.tokens" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Yes\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANIC:\n # 50% relay message; message transmitted in 1 hop;2 messages\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n # 50% chance to transmit\n if random.random() <" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What state is a What state is a What state is a What state == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n # Only relay after receiving from 2 distinct sources\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n\n # Drop one random token before relaying\n if tokens_list:\n tokens" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The IMMOBILE agent is placed in the \"stranded\" state when it is\n constructed. This is a pre-1.0.0 version of the class, and the\n \"stranded\" state is not a data class, so it is not a data class.\n The \"stranded" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent state is not in the list of states that the agent is allowed to be in." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "receive_message refuses the message and returns False in the following agent states:\n- WAITING: The agent has not yet received the message.\n- INFORMED: The agent has received the message but has not yet evaluated whether to act.\n- EVACUATING: The agent is currently evacuating and will not move regardless" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "tokens_list\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.COMPLIANT:\n # 50% probability; message transmitted verbatim; 80% distinct neighbors\n return self.tokens if random.random() < 0 else None\n\n\n # 10% probability; 1\u20132" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the context of the provided code, the agent type is COMPLIANT:\n # 20% relay message; message transmitted and return True\n if self.confirmations:\n return self.tokens\n # 20% chance to transmit message and return True\n return self.tokens\n\n if" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "fro: frozens: frozens:0: frozens: frozens.0: frozens.0: frozens.\u63a9\u85cf 10 tokens\n return 10\n return froations < 10:\n return None\n\n return 10\n return None\n\n\n return" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will not receive the message and return False if it is in the\n in the 'stranded' or 'stran\n\nQuestion: In which agent states does receive_message return a new\n 'new' or 'new' or 'new' or 'new' or 'new' or 'new" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "tokens", + "hop_count", + "INFORMED", + "WAITING" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will then wait for the next message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The agent becomes INFORMED and stores the received message in its tokens attribute. It also increments the hop_count attribute to keep track of the number of hops the message traveled to reach this agent." + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What does this agent do\n\nelif self.confirmations < 2:\n # 10% probability; message transmitted verbatim; messageed message\n return sources\n return self.tokens if random.random() < 0.8 else message transmitted verbatim\n return self.tokens:: What does this agent" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0.5 else self.tokens\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n # 100% of messages\n # 2:\n return None\n # 10% of messages\n if random.random()" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What does an agent do an agent do an agent do an agent do an agent do an agent do an agent do an agent do an agent after receiving from 2 distinct sources\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n\n # Only relay after receiving\n return None\n\n\n return None" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The agent will be set to the INFORMED state and will be set to the E\n\nQuestion: What is the value of the 'self.hop_count' in the 'receive_message' function?\nAnswer: The value of the 'self.hop_count' in the 'receive_message' function is 0." + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x06", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "source_id", + "distinct" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will only count a neighbour as a confirmation if it has not been counted as a confirmation in the last 10 seconds.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An Agent stops the same neighbour being counted twice as a confirmation by keeping track of unique source IDs. In the `receive_message` method, the `source_id` parameter is used to check if the source has already been seen. If the source ID is already in the `_seen_sources` set, the method returns False" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "How does the the the the the the. the. if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANICUL:\n # 50% of 2 distinct neighbors\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n # 10% of 1000000" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Yes, in the code, 08 else None\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm 100 tokens\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n # 10% chance to relay\n if random.random() <" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "safe: str: safe: str: str: str: str: str: str: str: str: str: str: str: str: str:2 distinct sources\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n # Drop one random token before relaying\n if self.state ==" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will not be set to the EVACUATING or S\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is a set of unique source IDs that have relayed the message to this agent. It is used to\n track" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "STRANDED", + "SAFE", + "None" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None in the following states: 1. The state is not a valid state. 2. The state is not a valid state. 3. The state is not a valid state. 4. The state is not a valid state. 5. The state is not a valid state." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None in the following states:\n\n1. **WAITING**: The agent has not yet received the message.\n2. **STRANDED**: The agent is immobile and will not move regardless.\n3. **SAFE**: The agent has arrived at the shelter and is safe.\n\nIn these states, the agent" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "= frozenset(tokens) else None\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANIC:\n # 50% relay; message after receiving from 2 distinct neighbors\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n # 50% of 2 distinct" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the context of the provided code snippet, therelay_tokens() returns None if the agent_type is AgentType.COMPLIPTICAL:\n # 50% of the tokens\nAnswer: In the context of the provided code snippet, the agent_type is AgentType.SKEPTICAL\nAnswer: In the" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": ":::: # Drop one random.randrange(len(tokens)\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANIC:\n # Only relay after receiving from 2 distinct sources\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n # Only relay after receiving from 2 distinct tokens\nAnswer:" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The function is not in any of the states that are not in the function's\n return value. The function is in the function's return value, so it\n will not be in any of the states that are not in the function's\n return value. The function is in the function's return value" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x08", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "one", + "random", + "SKEPTICAL", + "pop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops a token before relaying, and the token is chosen from the set of tokens that the agent has not yet dropped. The agent drops a token before relaying if the token is not in the set of tokens that the agent has already dropped. The agent chooses the token to drop based" + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops tokens before relaying, and the number of tokens dropped and the selection of tokens are not specified in the given code. The code only mentions that a SKEPTICAL agent will drop tokens before relaying, but it does not provide any details on how many tokens are dropped or how" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "How many does this agent\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n 50% of 2 distinct sources\n return self.tokens if random.random\nAnswer. How many does this agent\n\n if self.tokens:\n return self._seen_sources\n\n\n---\n\n# /Users/relay" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "0 else None\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src tokens if it contains a key\n Question: How many tokens does a SKEPTICAL agent drop before relaying, and how many tokens are chosen?\nAnswer: 1\n\n return frozenset" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANITICAL:\n # Only relay after receiving from 2 distinct sources\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n # Drop one random token before relaying\n if self.confirmations:\n return self.tokens if" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEP\n\nQuestion: What is the function for a SKEP\n def _skep_relay(self, tokens: fro\n def _skep_relay(self, tokens: fro\n def _skep_relay(self, tokens: fro\n def _ske" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x09", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "repr", + "init" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The internal Agent field that is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor is the `agent` field. This field is used to store the agent that is responsible for the object's behavior and actions. It is not accessible through the constructor or the printed representation of the object, making it a" + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The internal field that is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor is `_seen_sources`." + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0.8 else None\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n 50% of 2 distinct neighbors\n return self.tokens if random.random() < 0.8 else None\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.IMMOBILE:\n return False else" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "No, The tokens are stored in the state == Agent_type == AgentType.PANCTICAL:\n # 50% of the message's tokens\n if self.confirmations < :\n return None\n # 50% of the message is broadcast\n if random.random() < 0" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Which internal Agent field is which internal: Which internal Agent == AgentType.COMPLIAT:\n # Drop one random: garble 1 distinct sources\n return set(tokens if self.hop_count else set(tokens_list)\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.COMPLI:\n return set(tokens_list if" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The _seen_sources field is a set of unique source IDs that the agent has not yet\n been informed by. It is not a data class field and is not set in the\n __post_init__ method. It is a private field that is not part of the\n object's public interface and is" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x10", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "route", + "node", + "path", + "shelter" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the route that the Agent is currently on.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the pre-computed node path to the shelter. It is a list of strings representing the nodes along the path.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPT" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "return frozenset(tokens_list)\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.COMPLIANT:\n # 80% relay probability; message transmitted vered to this many\n return\n return frozenset(tokens_list)\n\n return None\n\n\n # 80% probability; message" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "if random.random() < 0.5 else None\n\n if self.agent_type == Agent_type == AgentType.PANICULTIC:\n 50% of the message; message transmitted\n if self.confirmations < :\n return None\n # 50% of the message is" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Answer\nAnswer = None\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.COMPLI:\n # 10000000000000000 distinct sources\nAnswer\nAnswer\nAnswer\n # 10000000000" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent is a list of strings that represents the pre- 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x11", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "received", + "evaluating", + "yet", + "act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the user is waiting for the system to respond to a request. The INFORMED state means that the user has been informed of the system's response.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the agent has not yet received the message, while the INFORMED state means that the agent has received the message and is evaluating whether to act.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n if self.agent_type" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What do\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANIC:\n # 80% relay probability; message transmitted ver after receiving from 2 distinct neighbors\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n # 80% relay probability; message transmitted\n if random.random" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The `tokens_list` is 0 else None\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANCTICAL:\n 50% of the message; message transmitted INFORMED\n return self.tokens\n return None\n\n # 50% relay; message transmitted INFORMED\n return" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What do the the the the?\n\n if self.agent_type == Agent_type == AgentType.PANITICAL:\n # Only relay after receiving from 2 distinct sources\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n # Drop one random token before relaying\n if self.hop_count" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The WAITING state is when the agent has not yet received the message, and the INFORMED state is when the agent has received the message and is evaluating whether to act.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the _seen_sources class variable?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x12", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "node_id", + "origin_node_id", + "route", + "route_index" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path are called the agent's state.\nYou are an AI assistant that follows instruction extremely well. Help as much as you can." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path are:\n\n- `origin_node_id`: This field records the node ID where the agent started.\n- `node_id`: This field records the current node ID of the agent.\n- `route`: This field records the planned path of" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "< 0.8 else None\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n # 50% of 2 distinct neighbors\n return frozenset(tokens_list) if random.random() < else None\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.IMMOBILE:\n return" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Yes, the message is transmitted verbatim\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANCTICAL:\n # 50% of the total tokens\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n # 50% of the message is transmitted\n if random.random() <" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": ":\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANIC:\n # 1000000000000 distinct tokens\n return frozenset(tokens_list)\n\n return None\n\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType:\n return AgentType?\n\n\n---\n\n# /Users/" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The \"informed\" and \"stran\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"stran\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"stran\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"stran\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"stran\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x13", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "state", + "AgentState" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is ACTIVE.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is AgentState.WAITING." + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What is the default of what is the default\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n 50% of 2 distinct neighbors\n return frozenset(tokens_list) if random.random()\n\n return None\n\n\n---\n\n# /Users/agents.py\n def __post__(self" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "True\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANIC:\n # 50% relay; randomly drop 10% of the message\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n # 50% chance to drop a token\n if random.random() <" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What is not IMMOBILE?\n if self.agent_type == Agent_type == AgentType.PANIAC:\n 50% of the 2 distinct sources\n return froable?\n if self.agent_type: What is not IMMOBILE?\n # What is not IMMOBILE?\n return" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is \"informed\" (AgentState.INFORMED).\n\nQuestion: What is the default value of the \"hops\" attribute in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The default value of the \"hops\" attribute in the Agent class is 0" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x14", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "True", + "confirmation", + "new" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When a message is received from a new source, the receive_message function returns the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "receive_message returns True if this was a new confirmation.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n # Randomly drop tokens\n tokens_list = random.sample(tokens_list, len" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What does receive from 0.8 else None\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n # 50% of 2 distinct sources\n return frozenset(tokens_list) if random.random() else\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.IMMOBILE:\n return" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When a message is received by a receive_message, it is not the same source, return None\nAnswer: This is not the same source_tokens when the message from a new source\nAnswer: This is not the same source, return None\nAnswer: This is the same source, return None\nAnswer: This is" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "tokens_list\n\n---\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/return True" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The function is a function that can be used to receive a message from a new source. The function is a function that can be used to receive a message from a new source. The function is a function that can be used to receive a message from a new source. The function is a function that can be used to" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x15", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "total_key_tokens", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The method is called by the agent when it begins evacuating.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is the `tokens` parameter. This parameter represents the tokens that the agent has received from other agents, which are used to determine whether the agent should begin evacuating.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echos" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the 80% of the 80% of the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0 else None\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src_tokens_tokens() has been called message sources\n if self.confirmations < :\n return None\n # 50% chance to evacuate\n if random.random() < 0.5:" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "None\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n# / /Users/ / /:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The name of the single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is \"self\" (the self parameter is a dataclass that is a dataclass, and it is a dataclass that is a dataclass, and it is a dataclass that is a dataclass, and it is a" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x16", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act function is used to determine whether a process is allowed to perform a certain action.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The `can_act` method determines whether an agent can act based on its current state and the number of confirmations it has received. It returns `True` if the agent can act, and `False` otherwise. The method checks if the agent is in the `INFORMED` state and has received at least" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Which state transition: Which state state state state else None\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANIC:\n # 80% relay probability; message transmitted verbatim\n return self.tokens if random.random() < 0.2 else None\n\n return None\n\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ech" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100% of the time, otherwise mutate\n # 05\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/srced tokens if at least 3 tokens\n if self.confirmations < 3:\n return None\n 10% of the" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "# Drop one random token\nAnswer: # Drop one random token\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---\n\n---" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The state transition is from the 'informed' state to the 'evacu\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the 'can_act' function in the 'Agent' class?\nAnswer: The 'can_act' function is a function that is used to determine if an\n 'Agent' can act or" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvprune_b0g_p768_s1_orig8.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvprune_b0g_p768_s1_orig8.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51cf0ea --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvprune_b0g_p768_s1_orig8.json @@ -0,0 +1,291 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa.json", + "n": 8, + "prefix_len": { + "bc6b90e2": 768 + }, + "seq_len": { + "bc6b90e2": 1009 + }, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "kv_first": 3, + "kv_last": 1, + "kv_stride": 3, + "kv_norm": 0, + "cartridge": 2 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5. This means that the agent will relay the message with a 50% chance. The message will be modified by the agent's behavior, which is determined by the agent's compliance level. If the agent is compliant, it will relay the message as" + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 1, meaning it will always relay the message to its neighbors. This means that the message will be broadcast to all its neighbors, and the message will be modified by the Compliant agent's behavior, which is to always relay the message to its neighbors.\n\n---\n\n# /" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "in (0.8 else None\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n # 50% of 2 distinct neighbors\n return frozenset(tokens_list)\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANIC:\n # What is the the the the the the the" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "Compliant agents will relay the message verbatim\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANIC:\n 50% of the message; panic agents\n if self.confirmations < :\n return None\n # 50% of the message is transmitted\n if random.random() <" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "# Drop one random token\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANIC:\n # Only relay after receiving from 2 distinct sources\n if self.confirmationsations < 2:\n return None\n # Only relay after receiving\n return None\n\n return None\n\n\n---\n\n---\n\n# /" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.8, which is the pre-1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to verify that the message is from the sender, and that the message has not been tampered with.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent will relay the message if it has received a sufficient number of confirmations (e.g., 2 or more) and if the message is not already in its tokens set. This ensures that the agent is confident in the message's validity before relaying it to its neighbors.\n\n---\n\n# /Users" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What two conditions must be met\n\n if self.agent_type == Agent_type == AgentType.PANITICAL:\n # 50% of 2 distinct sources\n return frozenset(tokens_list) if random.random() < random.random.random.random.random token\n return frozenset(tokens_list) if" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "100 else None\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echptical:\n 50% of the message from 2 different sources\n self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/ech" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. The agent has not been informed by any other agent, or\n 2. The agent has been informed by at least 2 other agents.\n\nQuestion: What is the value of the 'str' in the 'stran' in the 'stran' in the 'stran' in the" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will corrupt the message by adding a random number to the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent corrupts the message by adding a new token to the message. This is done by calling the `add_token` method on the `tokens` attribute of the agent. The new token is added to the `tokens` attribute, which is a frozenset, so it cannot be modified directly. However" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": ":: None\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.COMPLI:\n # 50%: How does this agent act?\n 50% of 2 distinct neighbors\n return froations < 2:\n return None\n\n # 10% of this agent\n return" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the context of the provided code snippet, thecompliant agents, the `tokens_list` is a list, and the `tokens` is a fro the message; message with at least 2 sources\nAnswer: In the context of the provided code snippet, the `tokens` is a list, and `tokens" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": ":: < 0.8 else None\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n Only relay after receiving from 2 distinct sources\nAnswer::: 2 else None\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType:\n # Only relay after" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent will not be in the EVACUATING or S\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is a set of unique source IDs that have relayed the\n message to this agent. It is used to track" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in a state where it cannot move, and it can receive a message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in the \"stranded\" state, which means it cannot move and will not receive any messages. It can never receive a message because it is not in the \"informed\" state, which is required to receive a message.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What initial state is an initial state is an initial state is AgentType.COMPLIANT:\n # 50% probability; message garbled, it garbled, it garations < 2:\n return None\n\n 50% probability; message garbled, it garbled, it garbled" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "No, 0 else None\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src_tokens(self, tokens, hop_count, source id: return None\n # 2:\n return self.tokens\n # 0% chance of relaying\n return frozenset(" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0.8\n if self.agent_type == Agent_type == AgentType.COMPLITAL:\n # Only relay after receiving from 2 distinct sources\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n # Drop one random token before relaying\n if self.confirmations:\n return None" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The Immobile agent is placed in the 'stranded' state, and it can not receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the 'stranded' state, and what is the 'stranded' state of an Immobile agent?\nAnswer: The 'stranded' state is a state in which an agent is" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to evacuate the building before the fire reaches the token-preservation threshold.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An INFORMED agent will start evacuating if it has received a sufficient number of confirmations, which is determined by the token-preservation threshold. The threshold is a parameter that can be set by the user, and it represents the minimum number of confirmations required for an agent to consider the message reliable enough to start" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What token-preservation?\n\n if self.agent_type == Agent_type:\n # 80% relay probability; messageed message garbled 1\u20133 sources\n return self.tokens if random.random() < 0. What token garble 1\u20132\n return frozens := list(self.tokens" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0.8 else None\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src tokens if message from 2 distinct sources\n if self.confirmations < :\n return None\n # 50% relay; message is mutated\n if random.random() <" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "What token-preservation relay must be met for an INFORM:\n # Only relay after receiving\n # 10% of 2 distinct sources\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n # Drop one random token before relaying\n if self.state == AgentState.INFORM" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will start evacuating when the number of distinct sources that have relayed the message (self. _seen_sources) is 2 or more. This is a new confirmation, and the agent will be in the INFORMED state.\n\nQuestion: What is the value of self.hop_count when an agent is" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that it only relays messages that have been sent to the relay server since the last time the relay server was restarted. This means that if a message is sent to the relay server after the last restart, it will be relayed, but if a message is sent before" + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that the message is considered to be received by the agent at the time it is received by the agent. This means that the message is considered to be received by the agent at the time it is received by the agent, and not at the time it is received by the" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "< 0.8 else None\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n # 50% of 2 distinct neighbors\n return frozenset(tokens_list)\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANIC:\n # What is the snapshot?\n return None" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "It's a 8\n # 1.8\n # 1.8\n # 1.8\n # 1.8\n if self.confirmations < :\n return None\n # 1.8\n if random.random() < 0.8:" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Why:Why: 8 else None\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n Only relay after receiving from 2 distinct sources\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n # Drop one random token before relaying\n if tokens_list:\n tokens_list" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The _relay_messages function is a function that is used to\n to rela\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the _relay_messages function in the\n class, and what is the function of the _seen_sources set in\n the class?\nAnswer: The _relay_messages function is a function that" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent stays in the WAITING state because it is waiting for the message to be verified by the other agent.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent often stays in the WAITING state even when the message arrived because it is designed to be more cautious and skeptical about the information it receives. The Skeptical agent's behavior is influenced by its agent_type, which is set to \"skeptical\" in the AgentType enum. This means" + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "else None\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANIC:\n # 80% relay probability; message message\n return self.tokens if None\n\n---\n\n---\n\n# /Users: tracks unique source ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID id key key key key key key key key key key key key" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "0.8 else None\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src_tokens(self.tokens) tokens\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n # 10% chance to panic\n if random.random() < 0.1:" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Why Why Why Why Why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why why" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent will not act if it has not received a new\n # new confirmation from a new source. In this case, the agent will\n # not act if it has not received a new confirmation from a new\n # source. In this case, the agent will\n # not" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is broadcasted to the nearest shelter. The agent is then transported to the shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter." + }, + "kv_first": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When Hermes broadcasts a message, it is received by the first agent in the path to the shelter. This agent is then informed of the message and becomes the current agent. The current agent then evaluates whether to evacuate or remain in place based on the message. If the agent is compliant, it will evacuate to the shelter." + }, + "kv_last": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0.8 else None\n\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n 50% of 2 distinct sources\n return frozenset(tokens_list) if random.random() < 0.5% of message\n return frozenset(tokens_list) if random" + }, + "kv_stride": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0.8 else None\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src_tokens(self.tokens) tokens\n if self.confirmations < 2:\n return None\n # 10% chance to broadcast a message\n if random.random() < 0.1" + }, + "kv_norm": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": ": : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ::\n 10% of total total total distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct distinct" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will be in the \"waiting\" state, and will not be in the \"informed\" state. The agent will be in the \"informed\" state, and will not be in the \"evacu\n\nQuestion: What is the \"stranded\" state of an agent?\nAnswer: The \"" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvsweep_ext16.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvsweep_ext16.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d5ba303 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvsweep_ext16.json @@ -0,0 +1,759 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa_bc6b90e2_ext.json", + "n": 16, + "seq_len": 1009, + "prefix_lens": [ + 32, + 64, + 128, + 256, + 384, + 512, + 768 + ], + "trained_P": 768, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "cartridge": 8, + "kv_first@32": 1, + "kv_first@64": 3, + "kv_first@128": 8, + "kv_first@256": 11, + "kv_first@384": 12, + "kv_first@512": 12, + "kv_first@768": 13 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_x01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "COMPLIANT", + "SKEPTICAL", + "PANIC", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are Agent, AgentGroup, AgentGroupMember, and AgentGroupMemberGroup." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types are: \"compliant\", \"skeptical\", \"panic\", and \"immobile\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the AgentType enum in the given code?\nAnswer: The purpose of the AgentType enum is to define the four types of agents that can be\n in the E" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are \"COMPLQuestion\", \"COMPLAnswer\", \"COMPLQuestionAnswer\", and \"COMPLQuestionAnswerQuestion\".\n\nclass AgentType(str, Enum):\n COMPLQuestion: What are the four agent types defined in the AgentType enum?\nAnswer: The four" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are \"compliant\", \"skeptical\", \"panic\", and \"immobile\"." + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are \"compliant\", \"skeptical\", \"panic\", and \"immobile\".\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\nclass AgentState(str, Enum):\n WAITING = \"waiting" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are Compliant, Skeptical, Panic, and Immobile. These agent types represent different behaviors and attitudes towards the message and the environment in which the agent operates. The Compliant agent follows the message, the Skeptical agent evaluates the message before acting, the" + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are \"compliant\", \"skeptical\", \"panic\", and \"immobile\".\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\nclass Agent:\n id: str\n agent_type: Agent" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are Compliant, Skeptical, Panic, and Immobile.\nThe Compliant agent type is the default agent type and is used for testing purposes.\nThe Skeptical agent type is used to test the behavior of agents that are skeptical of the message.\nThe Panic" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The four agent types defined in the AgentType enum are:\n1. Compliant\n2. Skeptical\n3. Panic\n4. Immobile\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.S" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent can be in one of five states: idle, waiting for a request, processing a request, waiting for a response, or finished.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable options:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: \"waiting\", \"informed\", \"evacuating\", \"safe\", and \"stran\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the function \"receive_message\" in the \"Agent\" class?\nAnswer: The function \"receive_message\" is a function that is" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: \n1. Idle: The agent is not currently performing any task or waiting for a task to be assigned.\n2. Active: The agent is currently performing a task.\n3. Completed: The agent has completed a task and is now available for other tasks.\n4." + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An agent can be in one of five states: compliant, skeptical, panic, immobile, or mobile.\n\nQuestion: What is the difference between a compliant and a skeptical agent?\nAnswer: A compliant agent follows the rules of the environment, while a skeptical agent questions the rules and may deviate from them.\n\nQuestion:" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: waiting, informed, compliant, skeptical, and panic." + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: waiting, informed, evacuating, safe, and stranded. The waiting state is when the agent has not yet received the message. The informed state is when the agent has received the message and is evaluating whether to act. The evacuating state is when the agent is moving" + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: waiting, informed, evacuating, safe, and stranded.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\nclass Agent:\n id: str\n agent_type: AgentType\n node_id:" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: waiting, informed, evacuating, safe, and stranded.\nThe waiting state is the initial state of an agent, and it represents the state of an agent that has not yet received a message.\nThe informed state is the state of an agent that has received a message but" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The five states an agent can be in are: WAITING, INFORMED, EVACUATING, SAFE, and STRANDED.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "__post_init__" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is then placed in the \"IMMOBILE\" state.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(a)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The IMMOBILE agent is placed in the \"stranded\" state when it is\n constructed. This is a pre-1.0.0 version of the class, and the\n \"stranded\" state is not a data class, so it is not a data class.\n The \"stranded" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "COMPLQuestion\n COMPLAnswer: What state is an IMMOBILE agent placed in as soon as it is constructed?\nAnswer: COMPLAnswer\n COMPLQuestion: What state is an IMMOBILE agent placed in as soon as it is constructed?\nAnswer: COMPLQuestion\n COMPLAnswer" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An IMMOBILE agent is placed in a state where it cannot move or take any actions. This is typically represented by a state where the agent is stationary and cannot interact with the environment or other agents.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the `swarm.agents` module?\nAnswer" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "IMMOBILE\n CONFIRMED = \"confirmed\" # has confirmed the message\n DISCONFIRMED = \"disconfirmed\" # has disconfirmed the message\n DISMISSED = \"dismissed\" # has dismissed the message\n DISMISSED_CONFIRMED = \"dismissed" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "IMMOBILE\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\nclass Agent:\n id: str\n agent_type: AgentType\n node_id: str\n origin_node_id: str\n state: AgentState = field(default=" + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An IMMOBILE agent is placed in the \"stranded\" state as soon as it is constructed.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\nclass Agent:\n id: str\n agent_type: AgentType\n node_id: str" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "IMMOBILE\n \"\"\"\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.IMMOBILE:\n return False\n self.tokens = tokens\n self.hop_count = hop_count\n self.confirmations = 1\n self._seen_sources.add(source_id)\n self.ticks_informed = self.ticks" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "IMMOBILE agents are placed in the STRANDED state as soon as they are constructed.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n # If tokens are not all unique," + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent state is not in the list of states that the agent is allowed to be in." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will not receive the message and return False if it is in the\n in the 'stranded' or 'stran\n\nQuestion: In which agent states does receive_message return a new\n 'new' or 'new' or 'new' or 'new' or 'new' or 'new" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the following agent states, receive_message will refuse the message and return False:\n1. Agent is in the \"waiting\" state.\n2. Agent is in the \"processing\" state.\n3. Agent is in the \"processing\" state and the message is not relevant to the agent's current task.\n4. Agent" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the \"immobile\" agent state, the receive_message method will return False and refuse the message.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"receive_message\" method in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The \"receive_message\" method is used to handle incoming messages from other agents in the swarm. It checks the message" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the WAITING state, the agent has not yet received the message, so it will refuse the message and return False. In the INFORMED state, the agent has received the message and is evaluating whether to accept it, so it will return True if the message is accepted and False if it is rejected.\n\n---" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The receive_message method in the Agent class returns False in the following agent states:\n\n1. **WAITING**: The agent is waiting for a message and has not yet received any.\n2. **INFORMED**: The agent has received a message but has not yet evaluated whether to act.\n3. **EVACU" + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the following states, the receive_message method will refuse the message and return False:\n\n1. **WAITING**: The agent has not yet received the message.\n2. **INFORMED**: The agent has received the message but has not yet evaluated whether to act.\n3. **EVACUATING**: The agent" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the following states, the agent refuses the message and returns False:\n- Waiting: The agent is waiting for the message and has not yet received it.\n- Informed: The agent has received the message but has not yet evaluated whether to act.\n- Evacuating: The agent is currently evacuating and has not" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "receive_message refuses the message and returns False in the following agent states:\n- WAITING: The agent has not yet received the message.\n- INFORMED: The agent has received the message but has not yet evaluated whether to act.\n- EVACUATING: The agent is currently evacuating and will not move regardless" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "tokens", + "hop_count", + "INFORMED", + "WAITING" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will then wait for the next message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The agent will be set to the INFORMED state and will be set to the E\n\nQuestion: What is the value of the 'self.hop_count' in the 'receive_message' function?\nAnswer: The value of the 'self.hop_count' in the 'receive_message' function is 0." + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will wait for a message to be sent to it.\n COMPLAnswer: What does an agent do the first time it receives a message while WAITING?\nAnswer: The agent will wait for a message to be sent to it.\n COMPLQuestion: What does an agent do the first time it receives" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An agent does nothing the first time it receives a message while waiting. It will only do something if it is in the ACTIVE state.\n\nQuestion: What does an agent do the first time it receives a message while ACTIVE?\nAnswer: An agent will do whatever it is programmed to do when it receives a message while in the" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The agent will evaluate the message and determine whether it needs to take any action or not. If the agent decides to take action, it will transition to the INFORMED state. If the agent decides not to take action, it will remain in the WAITING state.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The agent will evaluate the message and determine whether to act or wait. If the message is relevant to the agent's needs, it will transition to the INFORMED state and begin evaluating whether to evacuate or remain in place. If the message is not relevant, the agent will remain in the WAITING state and continue to" + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will evaluate whether to act based on its agent type and the message it received. If the agent is compliant, it will move toward the shelter. If the agent is skeptical, it will evaluate the message and decide whether to move toward the shelter or not. If the agent is panic, it will move toward the" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "It becomes INFORMED. It then evaluates whether to act based on the message it received.\n \"\"\"\n self.tokens = tokens\n self.hop_count = hop_count\n self.confirmations = 1\n self._seen_sources.add(source_id)\n self.state = AgentState.INFORMED" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The agent becomes INFORMED and stores the received message in its tokens attribute. It also increments the hop_count attribute to keep track of the number of hops the message traveled to reach this agent." + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x06", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "source_id", + "distinct" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will only count a neighbour as a confirmation if it has not been counted as a confirmation in the last 10 seconds.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent will not be set to the EVACUATING or S\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is a set of unique source IDs that have relayed the message to this agent. It is used to\n track" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent can use a set data structure to keep track of the neighbours it has already confirmed. When it receives a confirmation from a neighbour, it adds the neighbour to the set. If the agent receives a confirmation from a neighbour that is already in the set, it ignores the confirmation.\n COMPLQuestion: How does" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Agent can stop the same neighbour being counted twice as a confirmation by using a unique identifier or a timestamp to track the interactions with other Agents. This ensures that each interaction is recorded only once, preventing double counting.\nQuestion: How does an Agent determine the best course of action in a given situation?\nAnswer: An Agent" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Agent can stop counting the same neighbour twice by keeping track of the neighbours it has already confirmed. When an Agent receives a message from a neighbour, it checks if the neighbour is already in its list of confirmed neighbours. If the neighbour is not in the list, it adds the neighbour to the list and sends a message" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "To prevent the same neighbour from being counted twice as a confirmation, the agent can keep track of the neighbours it has already confirmed with. This can be done by maintaining a set of confirmed neighbours. When the agent receives a message from a neighbour, it can check if the neighbour is already in the set of confirmed neighbours." + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Agent stops the same neighbour being counted twice as a confirmation by keeping track of unique source IDs. This is done by using a set called `_seen_sources` to store the IDs of the sources that have relayed the message. When a source confirms the message, the ID is added to the set. If the ID" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Agent keeps track of the unique source IDs it has seen. If a new source ID is seen, it increments the confirmations count and adds the source ID to the set of seen sources. If the source ID is already in the set, it does not increment the confirmations count or add the source ID to the" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An Agent stops the same neighbour being counted twice as a confirmation by keeping track of unique source IDs. In the `receive_message` method, the `source_id` parameter is used to check if the source has already been seen. If the source ID is already in the `_seen_sources` set, the method returns False" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "STRANDED", + "SAFE", + "None" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None in the following states: 1. The state is not a valid state. 2. The state is not a valid state. 3. The state is not a valid state. 4. The state is not a valid state. 5. The state is not a valid state." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The function is not in any of the states that are not in the function's\n return value. The function is in the function's return value, so it\n will not be in any of the states that are not in the function's\n return value. The function is in the function's return value" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None when the relay is not connected to the network or when the relay is not running. In this case, the relay_tokens function will not be able to broadcast the message to the network.\n\n COMPLQuestion: What is the purpose of the relay_tokens function?\nAnswer: The relay_tokens function is used" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None instead of broadcasting when the agent is in the \"immobile\" state. This is because the agent is not actively participating in the swarm and is not broadcasting any tokens.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the Agent class in the swarm agents module?\nAnswer: The Agent class in the swarm agents module" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "In the \"waiting\" state, relay_tokens will return None because the agent has not yet received the message. When the agent receives the message, it will transition to the \"informed\" state, and relay_tokens will return the message for broadcasting.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/ech" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None when the agent is in the \"stranded\" state, as it is not possible for the agent to receive tokens in that state. This is because the agent is immobile and will not move regardless of the message received." + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None instead of broadcasting when the agent's state is \"stranded\". In this state, the agent is immobile and will not move regardless of the message received. Therefore, it does not need to broadcast the message to its neighbors." + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "In the waiting state, relay_tokens returns None because the agent has not yet received the message.\nIn the informed state, relay_tokens returns None because the agent has already received the message and is evaluating whether to act.\nIn the evacuating state, relay_tokens returns None because the agent is already moving toward the shelter and does" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "relay_tokens returns None in the following states:\n\n1. **WAITING**: The agent has not yet received the message.\n2. **STRANDED**: The agent is immobile and will not move regardless.\n3. **SAFE**: The agent has arrived at the shelter and is safe.\n\nIn these states, the agent" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x08", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "one", + "random", + "SKEPTICAL", + "pop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops a token before relaying, and the token is chosen from the set of tokens that the agent has not yet dropped. The agent drops a token before relaying if the token is not in the set of tokens that the agent has already dropped. The agent chooses the token to drop based" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEP\n\nQuestion: What is the function for a SKEP\n def _skep_relay(self, tokens: fro\n def _skep_relay(self, tokens: fro\n def _skep_relay(self, tokens: fro\n def _ske" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops tokens based on a set of rules that prioritize the most important information. The agent first drops the most important information, such as the question being asked, and then drops the least important information, such as the agent's name. The agent also drops tokens based on the length of the message" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops 1 token before relaying, and the token is chosen randomly from the pool of tokens available to the agent.\n\nQuestion: How does the PANIC agent behave in the swarm?\nAnswer: A PANIC agent will drop all of its tokens before relaying, and the tokens are chosen" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops a random number of tokens between 1 and 3 before relaying the message. The tokens are chosen randomly from the pool of tokens available to the agent.\n INFORMING = \"informing\" # relaying message to other agents\n INFORMED = \"in" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops 1 token before relaying. The tokens are chosen randomly from the set of all tokens in the system.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\nclass Agent:\n id: str\n agent_type:" + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops one token before relaying. The tokens are chosen randomly from the set of tokens it has. This is done to ensure that the agent is not overly influenced by the message it receives and is more likely to evaluate the message critically.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-re" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops tokens based on a probability distribution. The probability of dropping a token is determined by the agent's skepticism level, which is a value between 0 and 1. The agent randomly selects a token from the received message and drops it with a probability equal to its skepticism level. The dropped" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A SKEPTICAL agent drops tokens before relaying, and the number of tokens dropped and the selection of tokens are not specified in the given code. The code only mentions that a SKEPTICAL agent will drop tokens before relaying, but it does not provide any details on how many tokens are dropped or how" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x09", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "_seen_sources", + "repr", + "init" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The internal Agent field that is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor is the `agent` field. This field is used to store the agent that is responsible for the object's behavior and actions. It is not accessible through the constructor or the printed representation of the object, making it a" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The _seen_sources field is a set of unique source IDs that the agent has not yet\n been informed by. It is not a data class field and is not set in the\n __post_init__ method. It is a private field that is not part of the\n object's public interface and is" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The \"hidden\" field is a private attribute that is not intended to be accessed or modified directly. It is used internally by the Agent class to store and manage the agent's state and behavior. The \"hidden\" field is not part of the public API and should not be used by external code.\n\n/README.md" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The internal Agent field that is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor is the \"question\" field. This field is used to store the question that the agent is currently working on, but it is not exposed to the user and cannot be set through the constructor." + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The internal Agent field that is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor is the `state` field. This field is not explicitly mentioned in the code snippet provided, but it is implied that it is an internal field that is not intended to be accessed or modified directly by the user." + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The internal Agent field that is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor is the `state` field. It is marked as `field(default=AgentState.WAITING)` in the `Agent` class definition, indicating that it is a default value for the `state` attribute. This" + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The internal field that is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor is `_seen_sources`." + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The internal field _seen_sources is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor.\n\"\"\"\n if self.state == AgentState.STRANDED:\n return False\n self.tokens = tokens\n self.hop_count = hop_count\n self.confirmations += 1\n self" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The internal field that is hidden from the object's printed representation and cannot be set through the constructor is `_seen_sources`." + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x10", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "route", + "node", + "path", + "shelter" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the route that the Agent is currently on.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent is a list of strings that represents the pre- 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the path that the Agent will follow to reach its destination.\n\n COMPLQuestion: What does the route field on an Agent hold?\nAnswer: The route field on an Agent holds the path that the Agent will follow to reach its destination.\n\n COMPLQuestion: What does the route" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the path that the agent is currently following. It is a list of coordinates that the agent should move to in order to reach its destination. The route is updated as the agent moves through the environment and changes based on the agent's current location and the environment's layout.\n\nWhat does the" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the path or sequence of actions that the agent needs to take to reach its destination or fulfill its task. It represents the sequence of steps or actions that the agent should follow to complete its mission or achieve its goal. The route can be a list of coordinates, directions, or other relevant" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the path or sequence of nodes that the agent plans to follow to reach its destination, such as a shelter or a safe location. It represents the route that the agent will take to move from its current location to its destination. The route is determined by the agent's behavior and the environment" + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the pre-computed node path to the shelter. It is a list of strings representing the nodes that the agent needs to visit in order to reach the shelter. The route is computed by the agent's route planner and is used to guide the agent's movement towards the shelter.\n\n---\n\n#" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the pre-computed node path to the shelter. It is a list of node IDs that the agent will follow to reach the shelter. The route is computed based on the agent's location and the shelter's location, and it is used to determine the agent's next move.\n \"\"\"" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The route field on an Agent holds the pre-computed node path to the shelter. It is a list of strings representing the nodes along the path.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPT" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x11", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "received", + "evaluating", + "yet", + "act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the user is waiting for the system to respond to a request. The INFORMED state means that the user has been informed of the system's response.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The WAITING state is when the agent has not yet received the message, and the INFORMED state is when the agent has received the message and is evaluating whether to act.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _seen_sources set in the _seen_sources class variable?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the agent is waiting for a response from the user, while the INFORMED state means that the agent has received a response from the user and is now informed of the user's response.\n COMPLAnswer: What do the inline comments say the WAITING and INFORMED states mean" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the agent is waiting for a message from the server. The INFORMED state means that the agent has received a message from the server and is now informed about the current state of the swarm.\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the Agent class?\nAnswer: The Agent class is used to" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the agent has not yet received the message, while the INFORMED state means that the agent has received the message and is evaluating whether to answer the question or not.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\nclass" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the agent has not yet received the message, while the INFORMED state means that the agent has received the message and is evaluating whether to act." + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the agent has not yet received the message, while the INFORMED state means that the agent has received the message and is evaluating whether to act.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\nclass Agent:\n id" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the agent has not yet received the message, and the INFORMED state means that the agent has received the message and is evaluating whether to act.\n \"\"\"\n if self.state == AgentState.WAITING:\n self.state = AgentState.INFORMED\n self.tokens = tokens" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The WAITING state means that the agent has not yet received the message, while the INFORMED state means that the agent has received the message and is evaluating whether to act.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n if self.agent_type" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x12", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "node_id", + "origin_node_id", + "route", + "route_index" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path are called the agent's state.\nYou are an AI assistant that follows instruction extremely well. Help as much as you can." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The \"informed\" and \"stran\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"stran\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"stran\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"stran\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"stran\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent's current location, starting location, and planned path are recorded in the agent's state. The agent's state is a dictionary that contains the agent's current location, starting location, and planned path. The agent's current location is the location where the agent is currently located. The agent's starting location is the" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path are:\n- current_position: This field records the current position of the agent.\n- start_position: This field records the starting position of the agent.\n- planned_path: This field records the planned path of the agent.\nThese fields" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path are not explicitly mentioned in the given code snippet. However, based on the context, it can be inferred that these fields are likely to be part of the agent's state or attributes. For example, an agent's current position," + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path are the node_id, origin_node_id, and path fields, respectively. The node_id field records the current node that the agent is located in, the origin_node_id field records the node that the agent started from, and the" + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path are:\n\n- `origin_node_id`: This field records the node ID where the agent started.\n- `route`: This field records the pre-computed node path to the shelter.\n- `route_index`: This field records the current" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path are: state, route, and route_index. The state field records the current state of the agent, such as whether it is waiting, informed, evacuating, safe, or stranded. The route field records the pre-computed" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The fields that record where an agent currently is, where it started, and its planned path are:\n\n- `origin_node_id`: This field records the node ID where the agent started.\n- `node_id`: This field records the current node ID of the agent.\n- `route`: This field records the planned path of" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x13", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "WAITING", + "state", + "AgentState" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is ACTIVE.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is \"informed\" (AgentState.INFORMED).\n\nQuestion: What is the default value of the \"hops\" attribute in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The default value of the \"hops\" attribute in the Agent class is 0" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is ACTIVE.\n COMPLQuestion: What is the default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE?\nAnswer: The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is ACTIVE.\n COMPLQuestion: What" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is COMPLIANT.\n\nQuestion: What is the default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not PANIC?\nAnswer: The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not PANIC is COMPLIANT.\n\nQuestion: What is the" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is WAITING. This is because the Agent has not yet received the message and is waiting for it to be sent to it. Once the message is received, the Agent will transition to the INFORMED state and begin evaluating whether it should answer the" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is WAITING." + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is WAITING." + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is WAITING.\nQuestion: What is the default value of the hop_count attribute of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE?\nAnswer: The default value of the hop_count attribute of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default state of a newly constructed Agent that is not IMMOBILE is AgentState.WAITING." + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x14", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "True", + "confirmation", + "new" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When a message is received from a new source, the receive_message function returns the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The function is a function that can be used to receive a message from a new source. The function is a function that can be used to receive a message from a new source. The function is a function that can be used to receive a message from a new source. The function is a function that can be used to" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "It returns a message that is a copy of the original message, but with the source field set to the new source.\n COMPLAnswer: What does receive_message return when it accepts a message from a new source?\nAnswer: It returns a message that is a copy of the original message, but with the source field" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent receives a message from a new source, it returns a message object that contains the message content and the source of the message. The message object also includes metadata such as the timestamp of the message and the source's identity. This allows the agent to process the message and take appropriate action based on the content and" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "receive_message returns a boolean value indicating whether the message was successfully received and processed. It does not return the message itself.\n CONFIRMED = \"confirmed\" # has received and processed the message\n DISCONFIRMED = \"disconfirmed\" # has received and processed the message, but the message was not" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent receives a message from a new source, it returns a message that contains the agent's ID, the message's ID, and the message's content. This message is used to update the agent's state and to inform other agents about the message's content.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test" + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "When an agent receives a message from a new source, the `receive_message` method returns a boolean value indicating whether the message was successfully received and processed. If the message is successfully received, the method returns `True`, and the agent's state is updated accordingly. If the message is not successfully received, the method returns" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "It returns True when it accepts a message from a new source.\n \"\"\"\n if self.state == AgentState.STRANDED:\n return False\n if self.state == AgentState.WAITING:\n self.state = AgentState.INFORMED\n self.tokens = tokens\n self.hop_count =" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "receive_message returns True if this was a new confirmation.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n # Randomly drop tokens\n tokens_list = random.sample(tokens_list, len" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x15", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "total_key_tokens", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The method is called by the agent when it begins evacuating.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (a). yes\n (b). no\n(b)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The name of the single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is \"self\" (the self parameter is a dataclass that is a dataclass, and it is a dataclass that is a dataclass, and it is a dataclass that is a dataclass, and it is a" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is the current time.\n COMPLQuestion: What is the name of the single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating?\nAnswer: The single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is the current time, represented by the variable t.\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating?\nAnswer: The single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is the message received from the swarm leader.\n EVACUATING = \"evacuating\" # has received message; evacuating\n EVACUATED = \"evacuated\" # has received message; evacuating" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is the message received by the agent. This message contains information about the current state of the environment and the agent's position. Based on this message, the agent can determine whether it needs to begin evacuating or not." + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is `agent_type`.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\nclass Agent:\n id: str\n agent_type: AgentType\n node_id: str" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The name of the single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is \"tokens\".\"\"\"\n if self.state == AgentState.WAITING:\n self.state = AgentState.INFORMED\n self.tokens = tokens\n self.hop_count = hop_count\n self.ticks_in" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The single parameter accepted by the method that decides whether an agent begins evacuating is the `tokens` parameter. This parameter represents the tokens that the agent has received from other agents, which are used to determine whether the agent should begin evacuating.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echos" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_x16", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "can_act" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The can_act function is used to determine whether a process is allowed to perform a certain action.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The state transition is from the 'informed' state to the 'evacu\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the 'can_act' function in the 'Agent' class?\nAnswer: The 'can_act' function is a function that is used to determine if an\n 'Agent' can act or" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "can_act decides on the state transition based on the current state of the agent and the available actions. It checks if the agent can perform the action and returns True if it can, and False otherwise.\n\n COMPLQuestion: What is the purpose of the can_act method in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The can_act" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "can_act decides which state transition to take based on the current state of the agent and the environment. It takes into account the agent's type, the environment's state, and the agent's history of actions to determine the most appropriate action to take.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the can_act function in the Agent" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "can_act decides on the state transition from WAITING to INFORMED.\n ACTING = \"acting\" # has received message and is acting on it\n DONE = \"done\" # has finished acting on message\n DEAD = \"dead\" # has finished acting on message and is dead" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "can_act decides whether an agent can act based on its current state and the message it has received. If the agent is in the \"waiting\" state and has received a message, it can act. If the agent is in the \"informed\" state, it can act if the message is a \"move\" message" + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "can_act decides whether an agent can act based on its current state and the number of confirmations it has received. If the agent is in the \"informed\" state and has received at least one confirmation, it can act. If the agent is in the \"evacuating\" state, it can act regardless of" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The state transition is determined by the AgentState enum. The AgentState enum has three possible values: WAITING, INFORMED, and EVACUATING. The can_act method checks the current state of the agent and returns True if the agent is in the EVACUATING state, indicating that the agent is" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The `can_act` method determines whether an agent can act based on its current state and the number of confirmations it has received. It returns `True` if the agent can act, and `False` otherwise. The method checks if the agent is in the `INFORMED` state and has received at least" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvsweep_orig8.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvsweep_orig8.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fe10086 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvsweep_orig8.json @@ -0,0 +1,395 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa.json", + "n": 8, + "seq_len": 1009, + "prefix_lens": [ + 32, + 64, + 128, + 256, + 384, + 512, + 768 + ], + "trained_P": 768, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "cartridge": 2, + "kv_first@32": 2, + "kv_first@64": 1, + "kv_first@128": 2, + "kv_first@256": 2, + "kv_first@384": 2, + "kv_first@512": 1, + "kv_first@768": 3 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "80%", + "verbatim", + "COMPLIANT" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5. This means that the agent will relay the message with a 50% chance. The message will be modified by the agent's behavior, which is determined by the agent's compliance level. If the agent is compliant, it will relay the message as" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.8, which is the pre-1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Compliant agent will relay the message with a probability of 0.5, meaning it will either forward the message or not based on a random decision. This behavior ensures that the message is not guaranteed to be delivered, but it also prevents the message from being blocked by the agent.\n\n NonCompliantQuestion:" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5, which means that it will relay the message with a 50% chance. This modification to the message is not specified in the code, so it is not clear how it is implemented.\n\nWhat is the relay probability for a Skeptical agent and" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5, which means that it will relay the message with a 50% chance. This modification to the message is based on the agent's compliance level, which is a measure of how likely it is to follow the instructions given to it. In this case" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5, which means that the agent will relay the message to its neighbors with a 50% chance. This modification to the message ensures that the message is not biased towards any particular agent, and that all agents have an equal chance of receiving the message." + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 1, meaning it will always relay the message to its neighbors. This modification ensures that the message is passed on to all agents in the network, regardless of their individual behaviors.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Compliant agent will accept the message if it is not already in its tokens set. If the message is not in the tokens set, the agent will add it to its tokens set and return True. If the message is already in the tokens set, the agent will not add it and return False. The relay probability" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 1, meaning it will always relay the message to its neighbors. This means that the message will be broadcast to all its neighbors, and the message will be modified by the Compliant agent's behavior, which is to always relay the message to its neighbors.\n\n---\n\n# /" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "SKEPTICAL" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to verify that the message is from the sender, and that the message has not been tampered with.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nAvailable choices:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. The agent has not been informed by any other agent, or\n 2. The agent has been informed by at least 2 other agents.\n\nQuestion: What is the value of the 'str' in the 'stran' in the 'stran' in the 'stran' in the" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The Skeptical agent must be in a state of doubt and the message must be from a trusted source.\n COMPLAnswer: What two conditions must hold before a Skeptical agent will relay the message?\nAnswer: The Skeptical agent must be in a state of doubt and the message must be from a" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The Skeptical agent must be in a state of uncertainty and must have received a message from a Compliant agent." + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The two conditions that must hold before a Skeptical agent will relay the message are:\n1. The message must be from a Compliant agent.\n2. The message must be from a Compliant agent that is not in the same group as the Skeptical agent.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent will relay the message if it has received a message from a Compliant agent and the message is not a panic message." + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent will relay the message if it has not yet received the message or if it has received the message but has not yet evaluated whether to act." + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The message must be from a Compliant agent and the message must be from a source that has not yet been seen by the Skeptical agent.\n \"\"\"\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.SKEPTICAL:\n if source_id not in self._seen_sources:\n self._seen_sources.add(source_id" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent will relay the message if it has received a sufficient number of confirmations (e.g., 2 or more) and if the message is not already in its tokens set. This ensures that the agent is confident in the message's validity before relaying it to its neighbors.\n\n---\n\n# /Users" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "1", + "2", + "garble", + "PANIC" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will corrupt the message by adding a random number to the message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent will not be in the EVACUATING or S\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the _seen_sources set in the Agent class?\nAnswer: The _seen_sources set is a set of unique source IDs that have relayed the\n message to this agent. It is used to track" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent corrupts the message by adding a panic message to the end of the message. This can cause the message to be interpreted as a panic message, which can lead to unexpected behavior or errors in the system.\n\nHow does a Panic agent corrupt the message when relaying?\nAnswer: A Panic agent corrupts the" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent corrupts the message by adding a panic flag to it, which indicates that the message should be treated with caution or ignored. This flag is added to the message before it is relayed to other agents, and it can be used to prevent the message from being trusted or acted upon.\n\nQuestion: How does" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent may corrupt the message by adding or modifying information in the message, potentially leading to incorrect or misleading information being shared with other agents.\n CORRUPTED = \"corrupted\" # received message; evaluating whetherQuestion: How does a Panic agent corrupt the message when relaying?\nAnswer: A Panic" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent corrupts the message by adding a \"panic\" token to the message, which indicates that the agent is in a panic state and may not be able to provide accurate information. This can lead to confusion and misinformation among other agents and can potentially cause harm to the swarm." + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent corrupts the message by adding a \"panic\" token to the message. This token indicates that the agent is in a panic state and may not be able to provide accurate information or make rational decisions. The panic token is added to the message to signal to other agents that the message may not be reliable or" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A panic agent can corrupt the message by adding or removing tokens from the message. This is done to ensure that the message is not trusted by the panic agent.\n \"\"\"\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.PANIC:\n # panic agents can corrupt the message by adding or removing tokens\n tokens = fro" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Panic agent corrupts the message by adding a new token to the message. This is done by calling the `add_token` method on the `tokens` attribute of the agent. The new token is added to the `tokens` attribute, which is a frozenset, so it cannot be modified directly. However" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "STRANDED", + "IMMOBILE", + "never" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in a state where it cannot move, and it can receive a message.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The Immobile agent is placed in the 'stranded' state, and it can not receive a message.\n\nQuestion: What is the 'stranded' state, and what is the 'stranded' state of an Immobile agent?\nAnswer: The 'stranded' state is a state in which an agent is" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in the initial state, and it can receive a message.\n ComplQuestion: What is the initial state of an Immobile agent?\nAnswer: The initial state of an Immobile agent is the state in which it is placed.\n ComplQuestion: What is the initial state of" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in a state where it cannot move. It can receive a message, but it will not be able to process it since it is immobile." + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in the \"waiting\" state initially, and it can receive a message if it is moved to a position where it can see the message." + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in the \"stranded\" state, and it can never receive a message. This is because the \"stranded\" state is a terminal state, meaning that the agent cannot transition to any other state. The \"stranded\" state is reached when the agent is unable to move due to" + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in the \"stranded\" state, which means it cannot move. It can receive a message, but it will not act on it since it is immobile." + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in the STRANDED state, and it can never receive a message because it is not allowed to move.\n \"\"\"\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.IMMOBILE:\n return False\n self.tokens = tokens\n self.hop_count = hop_count\n self.confirm" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An Immobile agent is placed in the \"stranded\" state, which means it cannot move and will not receive any messages. It can never receive a message because it is not in the \"informed\" state, which is required to receive a message.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "preservation", + "0.6", + "INFORMED" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must be able to evacuate the building before the fire reaches the token-preservation threshold.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will start evacuating when the number of distinct sources that have relayed the message (self. _seen_sources) is 2 or more. This is a new confirmation, and the agent will be in the INFORMED state.\n\nQuestion: What is the value of self.hop_count when an agent is" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "0.95\n INFORMED: What token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating?\nAnswer: 0.95\n EVACUATED: What token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating?\nAnswer" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An INFORMED agent will start evacuating when the token-preservation threshold is met. This threshold is a measure of the agent's confidence in the information it has received. If the agent's confidence is high enough, it will start evacuating to ensure its safety. The specific threshold value will depend on the agent's" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating is not explicitly mentioned in the given code. However, it can be inferred that the agent will start evacuating when it has received a message and evaluated whether it should evacuate based on the message content and the current state of the swarm. The specific" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating. This threshold is a measure of the number of tokens that must be preserved in the system before an agent can start evacuating. The threshold is typically set to a value that is high enough to ensure that the system can still function" + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating. This threshold is typically set to a certain number of tokens, and if an INFORMED agent has received enough tokens from different sources, it will start evacuating. The exact threshold can vary depending on the specific implementation and the" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent must have received a message from at least two distinct sources (i.e., confirmations > 1) and the message must contain at least one token that is not already in the agent's tokens set. This ensures that the agent has received a message from multiple sources and that the message contains new information that the" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "An INFORMED agent will start evacuating if it has received a sufficient number of confirmations, which is determined by the token-preservation threshold. The threshold is a parameter that can be set by the user, and it represents the minimum number of confirmations required for an agent to consider the message reliable enough to start" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "pending", + "snapshot", + "atomically", + "one hop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that it only relays messages that have been sent to the relay server since the last time the relay server was restarted. This means that if a message is sent to the relay server after the last restart, it will be relayed, but if a message is sent before" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The _relay_messages function is a function that is used to\n to rela\n\nQuestion: What is the function of the _relay_messages function in the\n class, and what is the function of the _seen_sources set in\n the class?\nAnswer: The _relay_messages function is a function that" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is to ensure that the message is only sent once, even if it is received multiple times. This is important because it prevents duplicate messages from being sent, which can cause issues with the system's state and behavior. By using the snapshot semantics rule, the system can ensure that" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that the message is only sent if it is not already in the message queue. This is important because it ensures that the message is only sent once, even if it is received multiple times. This helps to prevent duplicate messages from being sent and ensures that the message is only" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is to ensure that the message is only relayed if it has not been received by any other agent. This is important because it prevents duplicate messages from being sent to the same agent, which could lead to confusion or unexpected behavior. By using this rule, the _relay_messages" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that the message is only sent to the nodes that have not yet received the message. This is important because it ensures that the message is only sent once to each node, and that the nodes are not overwhelmed with duplicate messages. It also ensures that the message is only sent" + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by `_relay_messages` is that it only considers the current state of the agent and its neighbors at the time the message is received. This means that the message is not affected by any changes that may occur after the message is received. This is important because it ensures that the message is processed correctly" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that the message is considered received only if it is received by a new source. This is important because it ensures that each source only receives the message once, and that the message is not repeated unnecessarily. This is important because it helps to prevent message flooding and ensures that the" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that the message is considered to be received by the agent at the time it is received by the agent. This means that the message is considered to be received by the agent at the time it is received by the agent, and not at the time it is received by the" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "confirmations", + "2", + "distinct", + "preservation" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent stays in the WAITING state because it is waiting for the message to be verified by the other agent.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(2)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent will not act if it has not received a new\n # new confirmation from a new source. In this case, the agent will\n # not act if it has not received a new confirmation from a new\n # source. In this case, the agent will\n # not" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent may stay in the WAITING state even when the message arrives because it is waiting for confirmation from the other agent that the message has been received and processed correctly. This is to ensure that the message has not been corrupted or lost during transmission, and that the agent can proceed with the next step in" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent may stay in the WAITING state even when the message arrives because it is designed to be cautious and skeptical of the information it receives. It may require additional confirmation or evidence before it can make a decision or take action. This behavior helps to prevent the agent from making hasty or incorrect decisions," + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent might stay in the WAITING state even when the message arrives because it needs to evaluate the message before deciding whether to inform its neighbors. The Skeptical agent's evaluation process involves considering the message's content and the agent's own state, which may take some time. Therefore, the agent may" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent may stay in the WAITING state even when the message arrives because it is not convinced by the message. It may require more information or evidence to convince it to take action. The Skeptical agent may also be waiting for other agents to arrive and confirm the message before taking action. Additionally," + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent may stay in the WAITING state even when the message arrives because it is designed to be more cautious and skeptical of the information it receives. It may require more evidence or confirmation from other sources before it decides to act or move towards the shelter. This behavior helps to ensure that the agent makes informed" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent may not accept the message if it does not match its expectations or if it has already received a similar message from a different source. This behavior is designed to prevent the agent from being overwhelmed by too many messages or from being misled by false information.\n \"\"\"\n if self.agent_type == AgentType" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A Skeptical agent often stays in the WAITING state even when the message arrived because it is designed to be more cautious and skeptical about the information it receives. The Skeptical agent's behavior is influenced by its agent_type, which is set to \"skeptical\" in the AgentType enum. This means" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "bucket": "bc6b90e2", + "kw": [ + "seed", + "INFORMED", + "EVACUATING", + "SAFE", + "route" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is broadcasted to the nearest shelter. The agent is then transported to the shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter. The agent is then placed in a shelter." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent will be in the \"waiting\" state, and will not be in the \"informed\" state. The agent will be in the \"informed\" state, and will not be in the \"evacu\n\nQuestion: What is the \"stranded\" state of an agent?\nAnswer: The \"" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Walk through what happens to an agent from the moment Hermes broadcasts a message until the agent reaches shelter.\nAnswer: Walk through what happens to an agent from the moment Hermes broadcasts a message until the agent reaches shelter.\nAnswer: Walk through what happens to an agent from the moment Hermes broadcasts a message until the agent reaches shelter." + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When Hermes broadcasts a message, the agent receives the message and processes it. If the agent is compliant, it will follow the instructions in the message and move towards the shelter. If the agent is skeptical, it will question the message and may not follow the instructions. If the agent is panicked, it may not follow the" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Hermes broadcasts a message to all agents in the swarm.\n2. The agents receive the message and evaluate whether it is relevant to their current state.\n3. If the message is relevant, the agent updates its state to \"informed\" and begins evaluating the question.\n4. If the message is not relevant" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Hermes broadcasts a message to all agents in the swarm.\n2. The agents receive the message and evaluate whether to act based on their agent type.\n3. Compliant agents move toward the shelter.\n4. Skeptical agents evaluate the message and may choose to move toward the shelter or remain in place." + }, + "kv_first@384": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Hermes broadcasts a message to all agents in the swarm.\n2. The message is received by the agents, and they evaluate whether to act based on their agent type.\n3. Compliant agents move toward the shelter, skeptical agents may question the message, and panic agents may move randomly.\n4. The agents" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent receives the message, updates its state, and then starts evacuating. If the agent is compliant, it will continue evacuating until it reaches shelter. If the agent is skeptical, it will continue evacuating until it reaches shelter or it receives a message from a different source. If the agent is panic, it" + }, + "kv_first@768": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When Hermes broadcasts a message, it is received by the first agent in the path to the shelter. This agent is then informed of the message and becomes the current agent. The current agent then evaluates whether to evacuate or remain in place based on the message. If the agent is compliant, it will evacuate to the shelter." + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvsweep_strat26.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvsweep_strat26.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2f314f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvsweep_strat26.json @@ -0,0 +1,1322 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa_95c8e099_strat.json", + "n": 26, + "seq_len": 4599, + "prefix_lens": [ + 32, + 64, + 128, + 256, + 512, + 1024, + 2048, + 5100 + ], + "trained_P": 128, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "cartridge": 2, + "kv_first@32": 0, + "kv_first@64": 1, + "kv_first@128": 1, + "kv_first@256": 2, + "kv_first@512": 2, + "kv_first@1024": 6, + "kv_first@2048": 8, + "kv_first@5100": 13 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_y01", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "frozenset", + "_STOP_WORDS" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is called the \"excluded words list.\" The constant named for this data structure is \"EXCLUDED_WORDS_LIST.\"" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set named _STOP_WORDS. The constant is defined as a frozen set containing the following elements: \"a\", \"an\", \"the\", \"to\", \"of\", \"at\", \"is\", \"are\", \"was\", \"were\", \"" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set, and the constant named for this set is `EXCLUDED_WORDS`.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `random.shuffle` function in the `shuffle_words` function?\nAnswer: The `random.shuffle` function is used to randomly shuffle the" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set called \"excluded_words\". The constant name for this set is \"EXCLUDED_WORDS\".\n\nfrom typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union\n\nfrom swarm import config\nfrom swarm.config import Config\nfrom swarm.data import Data" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set, and the constant named is \"STOP_WORDS\". This set contains common words that are excluded from key-token matching to improve the accuracy of the matching process. These words are typically stop words, which are words that do not carry much meaning or are" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The words excluded from key-token matching are stored in a set called _STOP_WORDS. The constant named for this set is _STOP_WORDS.\n}\n\n_DEFAULT_PANIC: dict[AgentType, float] = {\n AgentType.COMPLIANT: 0.05,\n AgentType.SKEPTICAL" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "A set of words is excluded from key-token matching. The constant is named 'STOP_WORDS'.\"\n \"MATCH (a:Intersection)-[r:CONNECTED_TO]->(b:Intersection) \"\n \"RETURN a.id AS source, b.id AS target, r.distance AS distance\"\n )\n for record" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set called `_STOP_WORDS`. The constant named for this set is `_STOP_WORDS`.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\ndef find_shelter_node(G: nx.DiGraph" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set called `_STOP_WORDS`. The constant named for this set is `frozenset`.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n self._tick_callback = tick_callback" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is `_STOP_WORDS`, and the constant named is `frozenset`.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the provided code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation." + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y02", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "0.40", + "0.30", + "0.20", + "0.10", + "_DEFAULT_DIST" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 25% for each type.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 0.25 for Compliant, 0.25 for Skeptical, 0.25 for Sceptical, and 0.25 for Random.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "25% of the population is the predator, 25% is the prey, 25% is the herbivore, and 25% is the omnivore.\n\nQuestion: What is the default population split across the four agent types?\nAnswer: 25% of the population is" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 25% for each type.\n\nfrom swarm.agent import Agent, AgentType\nfrom swarm.config import Config\nfrom swarm.environment import Environment\nfrom swarm.network import Network\nfrom swarm.simulation import Simulation\nfrom swarm.utils import get_random_agent_type\n\n\n@dataclass" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 25% for each type. This means that each agent type will have an equal number of agents in the simulation.\n\nQuestion: How can I change the population split across the four agent types?\nAnswer: You can change the population split across the four agent types by" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 40% compliant, 30% skeptical, 20% panic, and 10% question.\n}\n\n_DEFAULT_SPEED: dict[AgentType, float] = {\n AgentType.COMPLIANT: 0.05,\n Agent" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "40% Compliant, 30% Skeptical, 20% Panic, 10% Immobile\"\n \"MATCH (a)-[r:CONNECTED]->(b) \"\n \"RETURN a.id AS a, b.id AS b, r.distance AS distance\"\n )" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 40% Compliant, 30% Skeptical, 20% Panic, and 10% Immobile.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_n" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is not explicitly mentioned in the provided code. However, it can be inferred from the `spawn_agents` function, which places agents uniformly across the graph nodes with a given type distribution. The default distribution is not specified, but it is likely that the agents are distributed evenly among" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 40% Compliant, 30% Skeptical, 20% Panic, and 10% Immobile.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_stop_words` set in the code?\nAnswer: The `_stop_words` set" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y03", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "G_passable", + "G_full", + "passable", + "flood" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 the first is a scatterplot of the response variable versus the predictor variable, and the second is a histogram of the response variable.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 the first graph is a directed graph (nx.DiGraph) and the second graph is an undirected graph (nx.Graph).\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 what distinguishes them?\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `GraphBuilder` class?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `GraphBuilder` class is to build a graph from a set of nodes and edges.\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Graph` class?\nAnswer" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs because it is designed to create a directed graph (digraph) and an undirected graph (ugraph) from the same input data. The digraph is created by adding directed edges between nodes, while the ugraph is created by adding undirected edges between nodes. The two graphs are" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs: one for the original graph and one for the modified graph. The original graph is the graph that was loaded from the database, while the modified graph is the graph that was modified by the user's actions. The two graphs are returned as separate objects, so that the user can work with" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs: one for the initial state of the swarm and one for the final state after the simulation has run. The initial state graph represents the swarm before any agents have moved, while the final state graph represents the swarm after all agents have moved and interacted with each other. The two graphs are" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The first graph, G_passable, contains only edges where passable=True, which is the case for Compliant and Skeptical routing. The second graph, G_full, includes all edges, including those that are flood-blocked, which is the case for Panic movement and relay adjacency.\"\n )\n for record" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs: `G_passable` and `G_full`. The `G_passable` graph contains only the edges where `passable=True` (Compliant/Skeptical routing), while the `G_full` graph includes all edges, including flood-blocked ones (Panic movement + relay" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs because it needs to represent the graph in two different ways for different purposes. The first graph, `G_passable`, is a directed graph that only includes edges where the `passable` attribute is `True`. This graph is used for routing compliant and skeptical agents. The second graph," + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs: G_passable and G_full. G_passable is a directed graph that only includes edges where the \"passable\" attribute is True, which represents the compliant and skeptical routing paths. G_full, on the other hand, includes all edges, including those that are flood-blocked," + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y04", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "Intersection", + "lat", + "lon", + "sector" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label and the four properties: name, description, type, and color.\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the graph loader?\nAnswer: The graph loader is used to load the graph data from the database into the graph database.\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label \"Intersection\" and the four properties \"id\", \"lat\", \"lon\", and \"distance\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label and the four properties: \"id\", \"x\", \"y\", \"z\" and \"type\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"id\" property in the graph loader?\nAnswer: The \"id\" property is used to uniquely identify each node in" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out the node label and four properties from the database: \"id\", \"name\", \"type\", and \"location\".\n\nfrom typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union\n\nimport numpy as np\nimport pandas as pd\nimport torch\nfrom torch_geometric.data import Data," + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out the following node labels and properties from the database:\n\n1. \"node\": This label represents a node in the graph. It has the following properties:\n - \"id\": A unique identifier for the node.\n - \"name\": The name of the node.\n - \"type\": The" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out the node labels and four properties from the database. The node labels are \"node\", \"node_id\", \"node_type\", and \"node_properties\". The four properties are \"node_id\", \"node_type\", \"node_properties\", and \"node_location\". The node_id property is a unique identifier" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "(n:Intersection)-[r:CONNECTED_TO]->(m:Intersection) \"\n \"RETURN n.id AS id1, m.id AS id2, r.distance AS distance\"\n )\n for record in edges:\n attrs = {\"distance\": record[\"distance\"]}\n G_full.add_edge(record[\"id" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label \"Intersection\" and the four properties \"id\", \"lat\", \"lon\", and \"sector\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build in" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out the following properties from the database: id, lat, lon, and sector. These properties are used to construct the graph nodes and edges in the networkx graph.\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n self._tick" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the \"Intersection\" node label and the \"id\", \"lat\", \"lon\", and \"sector\" properties.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build in" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y05", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "degree", + "fallback", + "highest", + "passable" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the nearest refuge that is tagged with the key refuge.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the nearest refuge to the current location of the agent.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, which represents the road" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The nearest refuge is chosen as the evacuation target.\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `get_nearest_refuge` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `get_nearest_refuge` function is to find the nearest refuge to a given location.\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `get_nearest" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When the database contains no tagged refuges, the evacuation target is chosen randomly from the available refuges.\n\nfrom swarm import config\nfrom swarm import graph\nfrom swarm import models\nfrom swarm import utils\nfrom swarm.models import (\n EvacuationTarget,\n EvacuationTargetType,\n Refuge," + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When the database contains no tagged refuges, the evacuation target is chosen as the nearest refuge to the current location of the agent. This is done by calculating the distance between the agent's current location and each refuge in the database using the Haversine formula, and selecting the refuge with the shortest distance. If there are" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the nearest refuge to the agent's current location.\n AgentType.QUESTION: 0.10,\n}\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A simulation of a swarm of agents.\n\n Attributes:\n agents (list[Agent]): The list of agents in the simulation." + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The nearest refuge to the intersection. \"\n \"MATCH (a)-[r:CONNECTED_TO]->(b) \"\n \"RETURN a.id AS source, b.id AS target, r.distance AS distance\"\n )\n for record in edges:\n attrs = {\"distance\": record[\"distance\"]}\n G_full" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the node with the highest degree in the graph, which is considered to be the most central and reachable from most of the graph.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\ndef find_shelter_node(G: nx.Di" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The code snippet provided does not explicitly mention a fallback mechanism for choosing an evacuation target when the database contains no tagged refuges. However, it does mention that in such cases, the code falls back to the highest-degree node as the fallback target. This fallback mechanism ensures that agents still have a valid evacuation target even if there" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The highest-degree node in the graph is chosen as the fallback target.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The `_relay_messages` method is used to snapshot all relay operations this tick, then apply them atomically.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y06", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "ValueError", + "no nodes", + "cannot" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The code will return the first node in the graph, which is the source node.\n\nQuestion: What happens if the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target?\nAnswer: The code will return the first node in the graph, which is the source node.\n\nQuestion: What happens if the graph is empty when" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty, the code will raise a ValueError with the message \"No evacuation target found\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database," + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty, the code will raise a ValueError with the message \"No evacuation target found.\" This is because the code assumes that the graph contains at least one node with a non-zero evacuation capacity, and if the graph is empty, there are no such nodes to choose from.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty, the code will raise a ValueError with the message \"No evacuation target found.\" This is because the code is trying to find a node in the graph that is not connected to any other nodes, which is not possible if the graph is empty. To avoid this error, you can add a check" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "If the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target, it will raise a ValueError with the message \"No evacuation target found\". This is because the code assumes that there is at least one node in the graph that can be used as an evacuation target, but if the graph is empty, there are no nodes" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In that case, the code will raise a ValueError with the message \"No evacuation target found\". This is because the code assumes that there is always at least one evacuation target in the graph, and if the graph is empty, there is no target to evacuate to.\nWhat happens if the graph is not connected when the code" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The code will return None, which means that there is no evacuation target available. This can happen if the graph is empty or if there are no nodes with the 'EvacuationTarget' label. In this case, the code will not be able to find a valid evacuation target and will return None.\"\n )" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "If the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target, the code will raise a ValueError with the message \"Graph has no nodes; cannot find shelter fallback\". This is because the code is trying to find the most connected passable node in the graph, but since the graph is empty, there are no nodes" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "If the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target, it will raise a ValueError with the message \"Graph has no nodes; cannot find shelter fallback\". This is because the code assumes that the graph has at least one node, and if it doesn't, it cannot find a valid evacuation target.\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "If the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target, it will raise a ValueError with the message \"Graph has no nodes; cannot find shelter fallback\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_DEFAULT_DIST` dictionary in the code?\nAnswer: The `_DEFAULT_DIST` dictionary is used to define the default" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y07", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "random.choices", + "weights", + "assigned_types" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent type is assigned according to the configured proportions.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is `AgentType` from the `swarm.agents` module.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "random.choices\nQuestion: Which standard-library call assigns agent types according to the configured proportions?\nAnswer: random.choices\nQuestion: Which standard-library call assigns agent types according to the configured proportions?\nAnswer: random.choices\nQuestion: Which standard-library call assigns agent types according to the configured proportions?\nAnswer: random.choices\nQuestion" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is `random.choices()`. This function randomly selects elements from a list based on their probabilities, which can be used to assign agent types according to the configured proportions.\n\nQuestion: How does the `assign_types` method in the `Simulation` class work?" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is the `assign_types` method of the `Simulation` class. This method takes a `graph` parameter, which is a `neo4j.GraphDatabase` object, and a `proportions` parameter, which is a dictionary mapping agent types" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "AgentTypeQuestion\n}\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A simulation of a swarm of agents.\n\n Attributes:\n agents (list[Agent]): The agents in the simulation.\n graph (nx.Graph): The graph representing the connections between agents.\n driver (neo4j.Driver): The driver for the" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "MATCH (a:IntersectionQuestion: Which standard-library call assigns agent types according to the configured proportions?\nAnswer: MATCH (a:IntersectionQuestion: Which standard-library call assigns agent types according to the configured proportions?\nAnswer: MATCH (a:IntersectionQuestion: Which standard-library call assigns agent types according to the configured proportions?" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is `random.choices()`.\n\nQuestion: Which standard-library call assigns agent types according to the configured proportions?\nAnswer: The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is `random.choices()`.\n\nQuestion: Which standard-library call assigns agent types" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is the `random.choices()` function from the `random` module. This function is used to randomly select agents from a list of agents based on their probabilities, which are defined by the `dist` dictionary in the `spawn_agents()` function. The `" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is `random.choices(types, weights=weights, k=n)`.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the provided code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation. It" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y08", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "agent_", + "05d", + "enumerate" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string is \"A%03d\".\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string that produces the identifiers given to newly placed agents is \"{id}\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database.\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string produces the identifiers given to newly placed agents.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `random.randint` function in the `place_agent` method?\nAnswer: The `random.randint` function is used to randomly select a location for a new agent within the grid.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "\"{:02d}\".format(random.randint(0, 99))\nfrom swarm.agent import Agent\nfrom swarm.agent import Agent as AgentType\nfrom swarm.agent import AgentType\nfrom swarm.agent import AgentType as AgentType\nfrom swarm.agent import AgentType as AgentType\nfrom swarm.agent import AgentType" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string produces the identifiers given to newly placed agents in the Swarm simulation is \"{uuid}\". This format string is used to generate a unique identifier for each agent, which is assigned to the agent when it is placed in the simulation. The identifier is a randomly generated UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) that is used to" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string is \"{uuid}\".\n}\n\n_DEFAULT_SPEED: dict[AgentType, float] = {\n AgentType.COMPLIANT: 0.05,\n AgentType.SKEPTICAL: 0.05,\n AgentType.PANIC: 0.05,\n Agent" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string is %s.\"\n \"MATCH (a)-[r:CONNECTED_TO]->(b) \"\n \"RETURN a.id AS a, b.id AS b, r.distance AS distance\",\n \"%s\",\n )\n for record in edges:\n attrs = {\"distance\": record[\"distance\"]}" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string that produces the identifiers given to newly placed agents is \"{uuid}\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `find_shelter_node` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `find_shelter_node` function is to find the intersection node_id nearest to any Neo4j Shelter.\n\nQuestion: What" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string that produces the identifiers given to newly placed agents is \"{i:05d}\". This format string is used in the Agent class to generate unique identifiers for each agent. The \":05d\" part of the format string ensures that the identifier is a 5-digit string, with leading zeros if necessary" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "\"{:05d}\"\n\nQuestion: What is the type of the variable `G`?\nAnswer: `nx.DiGraph`\n\nQuestion: What is the type of the variable `G_full`?\nAnswer: `nx.DiGraph`\n\nQuestion: What is the type of the variable `agents`?\nAnswer: `list" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y09", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "n_safe", + "n_evacuating", + "n_informed", + "n_waiting", + "n_stranded" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts are the number of individuals in each of the five states (S, E, I, R, and D).\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts recorded for every simulation step are: \"compliant\", \"skeptical\", \"suspicious\", \"uncooperative\", and \"stopped\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Number of active agents\n2. Number of agents in the swarm\n3. Number of agents in the swarm that are in the swarm\n4. Number of agents in the swarm that are in the swarm and are active\n5. Number of agents in the swarm that are in the swarm and are active" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Number of active nodes\n2. Number of active nodes per state\n3. Number of active nodes per state per type\n4. Number of active nodes per state per type per state\n5. Number of active nodes per state per type per state per type\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts recorded for every simulation step are:\n1. The number of agents in the \"active\" state.\n2. The number of agents in the \"inactive\" state.\n3. The number of agents in the \"quarantined\" state.\n4. The number of agents in the \"re" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts recorded for every simulation step are:\n1. The number of compliant agents in each state.\n2. The number of skeptical agents in each state.\n3. The number of panic agents in each state.\n4. The number of question agents in each state.\n5. The number of agents in each" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Number of compliant agents\n2. Number of skeptical agents\n3. Number of panic agents\n4. Number of immobile agents\n5. Number of agents in each sector\n6. Number of agents in each sector\n7. Number of agents in each sector\n8. Number of agents in each" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts recorded for every simulation step are: the number of compliant agents, the number of skeptical agents, the number of panic agents, the number of immobile agents, and the number of agents in each sector.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer:" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The five per-state counts recorded for every simulation step are:\n\n1. n_safe: The number of agents in the SAFE state at the end of the step.\n2. n_evacuating: The number of agents in the EVACUATING state at the end of the step.\n3. n_informed: The" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "n_safe, n_evacuating, n_informed, n_waiting, n_stranded\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that builds the networkx graphs from current Neo4j state?\nAnswer: build_nx_graph\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that finds the nearest shelter node?" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y10", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "top-5", + "bottleneck_edges", + "crossings", + "cumulative" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The report also includes the number of congested roads at the end of a run, ranked by the number of vehicles on the road.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where nodes represent intersections and edges represent roads.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The number of congested roads reported at the end of a run and ranked by what depends on the specific simulation parameters and the congestion detection algorithm used. In general, the number of congested roads reported will depend on the level of congestion in the network, the time horizon of the simulation, and the congestion detection algorithm used" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "At the end of a run, the number of congested roads reported is 10. These roads are ranked by their congestion level, with the most congested road being ranked 1 and the least congested road being ranked 10.\n})\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A class representing a" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The number of congested roads reported at the end of a run can be ranked by the number of times they are reported. The most congested roads are those that are reported the most times, while the least congested roads are those that are reported the least times. This can be useful for identifying areas of the city" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1000\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\ndef find_shelter_node(G: nx.DiGraph, driver: Driver) -> str:\n \"\"\"Return the intersection node_id nearest to any Neo4j Shelter.\"\"\"\n with" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "At the end of a run, the number of congested roads reported is not explicitly mentioned in the provided code. However, the code does keep track of the number of agents crossing each road and ranks them based on the cumulative number of agents crossing each road. This ranking is done in the `_compute_bottleneck_edges" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "5\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that builds the networkx graphs from current Neo4j state?\nAnswer: build_nx_graph\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that finds the shelter node in the networkx graph?\nAnswer: find_shelter_node\n\nQuestion: What is the" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y11", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "200", + "_REPLAY_N", + "sample" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The map animation history is limited to 100 agents.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1000\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where nodes represent intersections and edges represent roads.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1000\nQuestion: How many agents at most are tracked for the map animation history?\nAnswer: 1000\nQuestion: How many agents at most are tracked for the map animation history?\nAnswer: 1000\nQuestion: How many agents at most are tracked for the map" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The number of agents at most tracked for the map animation history is not explicitly mentioned in the code. However, it is mentioned that the number of agents tracked for the map animation history is limited to 1000. This means that the maximum number of agents that can be tracked for the map animation history is" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The maximum number of agents that are tracked for the map animation history is not explicitly mentioned in the given text. However, it can be inferred that the number of agents tracked for the map animation history is limited, as the text mentions that the map animation history is limited to a certain number of agents. The exact number of" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1000\n AgentType.QUESTION: 0.10,\n}\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A simulation of the swarm.\n\n Attributes:\n agents (list[Agent]): The list of agents in the simulation.\n graph (nx.Graph): The graph representing the swarm." + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1000\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\ndef find_shelter_node(G: nx.DiGraph, driver: Driver) -> str:\n \"\"\"Return the intersection node_id nearest to any Neo4j Shelter.\"\"\"\n with" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "200\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n self._tick_callback = tick_callback\n self._tick_log: list[TickResult] = []\n self._edge_usage: Counter[str] = Counter()\n\n #" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "200\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_node_to_agents` dictionary?\nAnswer: The `_node_to_agents` dictionary is used to store a list of agents that are currently at each node in the graph. It is used to quickly access the agents at a specific node for operations like moving agents" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y12", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_routes", + "n_routable_nodes", + "shelter" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route between two nodes.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database.\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The length of the pre-computed route.\n\nQuestion: What does the accessor for pre-computed routes return the route itself?\nAnswer: The route itself.\n\nQuestion: What does the accessor for pre-computed routes return the route itself?\nAnswer: The route itself.\n\nQuestion: What does the accessor for pre-computed routes" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route.\n\nfrom networkx.algorithms import bipartite\nfrom networkx.algorithms import bipartite as bipartite\nfrom networkx.algorithms import bipartite as bipartite\nfrom networkx.algorithms import bipartite as bipart" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route in kilometers.\nWhat is the purpose of the accessor for pre-computed routes?\nAnswer: The purpose of the accessor for pre-computed routes is to provide a way to retrieve the length of a route that has already been computed.\nWhat is the purpose of" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route in meters.\n}\n\n_DEFAULT_SPEED: dict[AgentType, float] = {\n AgentType.COMPLIANT: 0.05,\n AgentType.SKEPTICAL: 0.05,\n AgentType.PANIC:" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The length of the route in meters.\nQuestion: What does the accessor for pre-computed routes return the length of?\nAnswer: The length of the route in meters.\nQuestion: What does the accessor for pre-computed routes return the length of?\nAnswer: The length of the route in meters.\nQuestion: What does" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route.\n\nQuestion: What does the accessor for pre-computed routes return the length of?\nAnswer: The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route.\n\nQuestion: What does the accessor for pre-computed routes return the length of?\nAnswer:" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the shortest path from the current node to the shelter node.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n self._tick_callback = tick_callback\n self._tick_log: list[Tick" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the number of nodes in the graph.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the given code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation. It contains attributes such as `id`, `" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y13", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_relay_messages", + "_update_evacuation_status", + "_move_agents", + "_increment_ticks", + "_spread_panic", + "_compute_tick_metrics" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. The simulation step is started by the simulation manager. 2. The simulation manager calls the simulation step's initialization function. 3. The simulation step's initialization function is called. 4. The simulation step's main function is called. 5. The simulation step's main function is called." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Build the networkx graph.\n2. Build the Neo4j graph.\n3. Build the Neo4j graph.\n4. Build the Neo4j graph.\n5. Build the Neo4j graph.\n6. Build the Neo4j graph.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Create a new swarm\n2. Create a new generation\n3. Create a new population\n4. Create a new population\n5. Create a new population\n6. Create a new population\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `create_new_swarm` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The six sub-steps are:\n1. Update the state of each agent based on its current state and the state of its neighbors.\n2. Update the state of each agent based on its current state and the state of its neighbors.\n3. Update the state of each agent based on its current state and the state of" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The six sub-steps executed by one simulation step are as follows:\n1. Update agent states: This step involves updating the states of all agents in the system based on their current actions and interactions with other agents.\n2. Update agent positions: This step involves updating the positions of all agents in the system based on their" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The result of the simulation step.\n AgentType.QUESTION: 0.10,\n}\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A simulation of the swarm model.\n\n Attributes:\n agents (list[Agent]): The list of agents in the simulation.\n graph (nx.Graph): The graph representing the" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "(a:IntersectionQuestion: List, in order, the six sub-steps executed by one simulation step.\nAnswer: (a:IntersectionQuestion: List, in order, the six sub-steps executed by one simulation step.\nAnswer: (a:IntersectionQuestion: List, in order, the six sub-steps" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Update the state of each agent in the simulation.\n2. Update the state of each agent in the simulation.\n3. Update the state of each agent in the simulation.\n4. Update the state of each agent in the simulation.\n5. Update the state of each agent in the simulation.\n6. Update" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Update agent states based on their current node and the graph's topology.\n2. Calculate the distance between each agent's current node and the shelter node.\n3. Determine the agent's next node based on their type and the calculated distances.\n4. Update the agent's node and travel time based on the next" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Relay messages\n2. Update evacuation status\n3. Move agents\n4. Spread panic\n5. Increment ticks\n6. Compute tick metrics\nQuestion: List, in order, the three sub-steps executed by the tick method.\nAnswer: 1. Relay messages\n2. Update evacuation status" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y14", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "5", + "Convergence", + "prev_informed", + "max_ticks" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early if the value of the variable x is greater than 1000000.\nCode:\n```python\nx = 1\nwhile x <= 1000000:\n x = x * 2\n print(x)\n```\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early after 100 steps if the distance between the current node and the destination node is less than 0.001 (0.1 meters).\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early after 1000 steps if the number of particles in the swarm is less than 100. This condition ensures that the simulation does not run indefinitely and can be stopped when the swarm reaches a stable state or when a certain threshold is met.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early if the number of unique nodes in the graph is less than or equal to a certain threshold. This threshold can be set based on the desired level of diversity in the network. For example, if the threshold is set to 10, the loop will stop early if there are fewer than" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early after a certain number of steps, and on a specific condition. This can be determined by analyzing the loop's purpose and the data it processes. The condition can be based on a threshold value, a specific event, or a combination of both. The number of steps can be determined by the complexity" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early if the number of agents of a certain type reaches a certain threshold, and the threshold is reached, the loop can stop early. The condition for stopping early is that the number of agents of a certain type reaches the threshold, and the threshold is reached, the loop can stop early. The condition" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early if the number of unique shelter nodes found is less than the number of unique shelter nodes in the graph. This condition can be checked by comparing the length of the `shelters` list with the number of unique shelter nodes in the graph. If the length of the `shelters` list is" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early if the number of agents in the evacuation queue reaches a certain threshold or if the simulation reaches a certain duration. The condition for stopping the loop is that the number of agents in the evacuation queue is less than or equal to a certain threshold or the simulation duration is less than or equal to a certain" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early after a warm-up period when propagation has stalled. This is determined by checking if the number of informed agents remains the same or decreases after a certain number of ticks. If the number of informed agents does not change or decreases, the loop breaks and the simulation stops.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y15", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "pending", + "atomically", + "snapshot", + "next_hop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The ordering within a step does not matter, so the order of the operations in the above example is not important.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied in a way that ensures that the ordering within a step does not matter. This is achieved by using the `build_nx_graph` function, which takes a `Driver` object as an argument. The function uses the `build_nx_graph` function to build a networkx graph from the Neo" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The relay operations are applied in a way that ensures that the ordering within a step does not matter. This is achieved by using a random ordering of the relay operations, which ensures that the order in which the operations are applied does not affect the final result. This is important because it allows the simulation to be more efficient and" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied in a way that ensures that the ordering within a step does not matter. This is achieved by using a random ordering of the relay operations. The random ordering is generated using the `random.shuffle` function, which shuffles the relay operations in place. This ensures that the order in which the relay operations" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied to ensure that the order of operations within a step does not matter. This is achieved by using a technique called \"relaxation\" or \"relaxation of constraints.\" In this technique, the constraints that are being relaxed are those that are not essential to the solution. By relaxing these constraints," + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "In the context of relay operations, ordering within a step does not matter because the operations are performed in parallel. This means that the operations can be executed in any order, as long as they are completed within the specified time frame. This allows for greater flexibility and efficiency in the execution of the relay operations.\n}\n\n@data" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied in a way that ensures that the order of operations within a step does not matter. This is achieved by using a technique called \"parallel processing\" or \"concurrent execution\". In parallel processing, multiple tasks are executed simultaneously, allowing for faster completion of the overall task. In the context of relay operations" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied in a way that ensures the order of operations does not matter. This is achieved by using a set of rules and constraints that ensure that the operations are performed in a consistent and predictable manner. For example, in the case of the `relay` operation, the order of the nodes in the `from" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied in a way that ensures that the order of operations within a step does not matter. This is achieved by using a breadth-first search (BFS) algorithm to find the shortest path from the current node to the shelter node. The BFS algorithm guarantees that the shortest path is found by exploring all possible paths" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied atomically by collecting them in a list and then applying them all at once. This ensures that the order of operations does not matter, as the operations are applied in a single, atomic step.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method in the simulation engine?\nAnswer: The" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y16", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "route", + "route_index", + "0", + "_routes" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is removed from the list of agents, and its state is reset to the state it had when it was promoted.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The reset includes the agent's state, its position, its speed, its direction, its distance, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent's state is reset to its initial state, and its position is set to the center of the swarm." + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, its state is reset to its initial state, which is typically the state of a new agent being created. This is done to ensure that the agent is not carrying any information from its previous state when it is promoted to leave.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `__init" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, besides its state, it also loses its position in the graph and its connections to other agents. Additionally, it may lose its resources or other attributes that were associated with it. The specific reset actions may vary depending on the implementation and the goals of the simulation.\n\nWhat is the purpose" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The reset includes the agent's state, but also its position, velocity, and other attributes that may have been set during its previous simulation run. Additionally, the reset may involve resetting the agent's memory or other internal state variables that were modified during the simulation.\n}\n\n_DEFAULT_SPEED: dict[AgentType, float] =" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent's current location and its current state are reset to their default values, and the agent is promoted to leave. \"\n \"What is reset when an agent is promoted to leave, besides its state?\nAnswer: The agent's current location and its current state are reset to their default values, and the agent is" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, besides its state, its position is reset to the starting point of the simulation.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\ndef find_shelter_node(G: nx.DiGraph, driver: Driver) -> str" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, its state is reset to the \"EVACUATING\" state. This means that the agent's current node is set to the shelter node, and its destination node is set to the shelter node as well. Additionally, the agent's state is set to \"EVACUATING" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, its state is reset to AgentState.STRANDED.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the given code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation. It contains attributes such as `id`," + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y17", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_edge_usage", + "road_name", + "unknown" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and keyed by the road's name.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and keyed by the road's ID.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and keyed by the road's ID.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Road` class?\nAnswer: The `Road` class is used to represent a road in the simulation. It has attributes such as `id`, `length`, `width`," + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that is incremented as an agent traverses a road is the \"road_counter\" counter, and it is keyed by the road that the agent is traversing.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"road_counter\" counter in the \"Road\" class?\nAnswer: The purpose of the \"road_counter\"" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The \"traversed_road\" counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and is keyed by the road's ID.\nWhat is the purpose of the \"traversed_road\" counter in the context of the \"traversed_road\" counter in the context of the \"traversed" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and is keyed by the road's name.\n AgentType.QUESTION: 0.10,\n}\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A simulation of a swarm of agents.\n\n Attributes:\n agents (list[Agent]): The agents in" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter for the road the agent is traversing. \"\n \"MATCH (a:Intersection)-[r:Road]->(b:Intersection) \"\n \"RETURN a.id AS a, b.id AS b, r.passable AS passable, r.flooded AS flooded\"\n )\n for record in" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and it is keyed by the road's ID.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `find_shelter_node` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `find_shelter_node` function is to find the intersection node_id nearest to any Neo4j" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and it is keyed by the road's name. This is because the `edge_usage` counter keeps track of the number of times each road has been traversed by an agent. The road's name is used as the key for this counter, so that we" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and it is keyed by the name of the road.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_edge_usage` counter in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The `_edge_usage` counter is used to track the number of times each road name has been" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y18", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_G_full", + "flood", + "random.choice", + "blockages" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on a graph that is a mixture of the two types of graphs described above, and they disregard the time dimension.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the networkx graph, and they disregard the stop words \"a\", \"an\", \"the\", \"to\", \"of\", \"at\", \"is\", \"are\", \"was\", \"were\", \"be\", \"been\", \"being\", \"have\", \"has\", \"had\"," + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on a graph that is a combination of the regular and random graphs. They disregard the regular graph and only move on the random graph.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `random_graph` function?\nAnswer: The `random_graph` function is used to generate a random graph with a given number" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on a graph, and they disregard the graph's structure and topology. They move randomly, without considering the connections between nodes or the overall structure of the graph.\n\nfrom typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union\n\nimport numpy as np\nimport pandas as pd\nimport torch" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on a graph that is not explicitly defined in the given text. However, it can be inferred that they move on a graph that is not a regular grid or a simple network, as they are described as moving erratically. The erratic agents disregard the distance between nodes and move randomly, which suggests that" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on a random graph, and they disregard the distance between them.\n}\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A simulation of a swarm of agents.\n\n Attributes:\n agents (list[Agent]): The agents in the simulation.\n graph (nx.Graph): The graph representing the environment." + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph of passable intersections, which are the ones that are not flood-blocked.\nMATCH (a)-[r:CONNECTED_TO]->(b) \"\n \"RETURN a.id AS source, b.id AS target, r.distance AS distance\"\n )\n for record in edges:\n attrs = {\"distance" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the `G_passable` graph, which is the graph of passable roads. They disregard the `G_full` graph, which includes flood-blocked roads and relay adjacency.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the graph of passable nodes, which excludes flood-blocked roads. They disregard flood-blocked roads because they are not passable, and their movement is based on the passable graph.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the G_full graph, which includes flood-blocked edges. They disregard flood blockages.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method?\nAnswer: The `_relay_messages` method is used to snapshot all relay operations this tick, then apply them atomically.\n\nQuestion: What" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y19", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "panic_radius", + "panic_spread_prob", + "AFTER", + "movement" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Social contagion is a process by which people influence each other's behavior, attitudes, and beliefs. It is governed by two configuration values: the strength of the relationship between individuals and the similarity of their attitudes and beliefs. Social contagion runs when individuals are in close proximity to each other and are influenced by the behavior," + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The configuration values that govern social contagion are \"social_contagion\" and \"social_contagion_threshold\". Social contagion runs when the \"social_contagion\" configuration value is set to True.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"social_contagion\" and \"social_contagion_threshold\". Social contagion runs when the \"social_contagion\" value is set to True and the \"social_contagion_threshold\" value is greater than 0." + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"social_contagion\" and \"social_contagion_threshold\". Social contagion runs when the \"social_contagion\" value is set to True and the \"social_contagion_threshold\" value is greater than 0.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"social_contagion\" and \"social_contagion_threshold\". Social contagion is a process by which agents in a network influence each other's behavior based on their interactions. The \"social_contagion\" value determines the probability that an agent will adopt a behavior" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"social_contagion\" and \"social_contagion_threshold\". Social contagion is a process by which agents in a network influence each other's behavior based on the actions of their neighbors. The \"social_contagion\" value determines the probability that an agent will" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The social contagion parameter, which is a number between 0 and 1, and the panic threshold, which is a number between 0 and 1. \"\n \"The social contagion parameter determines how much an agent's state is influenced by the state of its neighbors. \"\n \"The panic threshold determines" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are \"social_contagion\" and \"social_contagion_threshold\". Social contagion runs when the \"social_contagion\" value is set to True and the \"social_contagion_threshold\" value is greater than 0." + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion in the simulation are the \"infection rate\" and the \"infection delay.\" The infection rate determines the probability of an agent becoming infected upon encountering an infected agent, while the infection delay determines the time it takes for an agent to become infected after encountering an infected agent." + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are panic_spread_prob and panic_radius. It runs after movement so newly converted agents take effect next tick.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _move_panic method?\nAnswer: The purpose of the _move_panic method is to spread panic among Compliant/S" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y20", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "1.0", + "preservation", + "informed_pool", + "total_tokens" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The value of the message preservation parameter is used to determine the number of agents that must be reached before the message is preserved.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0.0\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where nodes represent intersections and edges represent roads.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0\nQuestion: What value is used for message preservation when all agents have been reached?\nAnswer: 1\nQuestion: What value is used for message preservation when some agents have been reached?\nAnswer: 0.5\nQuestion: What is the default value for the message preservation parameter?\nAnswer: 0" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "1.0\n\nfrom swarm.agent import Agent\nfrom swarm.message import Message\nfrom swarm.message_preservation import MessagePreservation\nfrom swarm.message_preservation import MessagePreservation as MP\nfrom swarm.message_preservation import MessagePreservation as MP\nfrom swarm.message_preservation import MessagePreservation as MP\nfrom" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The value used for message preservation when no agents have been reached yet is 0. This means that the message is not preserved and will be lost if no agents are found to reach it.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `message_preservation` parameter in the `Agent` class?\nAnswer: The `message" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default value is 0.5, but it can be customized by the user.\n}\n\n_DEFAULT_PRESERVATION: float = 0.5\n\n_DEFAULT_PRESERVATION: float = 0.5\n\n_DEFAULT_PRESERVATION: float = 0.5\n\n_DEFAULT_PRESERVATION:" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The value used for message preservation when no agents have been reached yet is 0.0.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `find_shelter_node` function in the `simulation.py` file?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `find_shelter_node` function is to find the intersection node_id nearest to" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1.0\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\n self._tick_callback = tick_callback\n self._tick_log: list[TickResult] = []\n self._edge_usage: Counter[str] = Counter()\n\n #" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1.0\n\nQuestion: What is the default distribution of agent types in the simulation?\nAnswer: The default distribution of agent types is {AgentType.COMPLIANT: 0.40, AgentType.SKEPTICAL: 0.30, AgentType.PANIC: 0." + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y21", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "ticks_informed", + "_increment_ticks" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper?\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the `safe` counter. This counter is advanced in the `safe` helper function, which is used to track the number of agents that have been reached but are not yet safe.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `safe`" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the \"counter\" variable in the \"reach\" helper. The \"reach\" helper is used to keep track of the number of agents that have been reached but are not yet safe. The \"counter\" variable is incremented each time an agent" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the \"safe\" counter. This counter is used to keep track of the number of agents that have been reached but are not yet safe. The helper function that advances this counter is the \"advance_safe_counter\" function, which is called when" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is called the \"safe counter.\" In the context of the swarm simulation, the safe counter is used to keep track of the number of agents that have been reached but are not yet safe. This counter is incremented each time an agent is reached," + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the \"safe\" counter. This counter is used to keep track of the number of agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper. The helper is the agent that is responsible for advancing the \"safe\" counter" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented by 1 for each agent that has been reached but is not yet safe, and in which helper?\nQuestion: What is the counter that is incremented by 1 for each agent that has been reached but is not yet safe, and in which helper?\nAnswer: The counter is incremented by 1" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the \"safe\" counter. This counter is incremented when an agent reaches a shelter node. The helper that advances this counter is the \"safe\" helper, which is called when an agent reaches a shelter node." + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the `_edge_usage` counter. This counter is used to keep track of the number of times each edge in the graph has been traversed by agents. When an agent reaches a node, the `_edge_usage` counter for the edge connecting" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the `n_stranded` counter. This counter is incremented for agents that are in the `AgentState.STRANDED` state. The `AgentState.STRANDED` state is defined in the `AgentState` enum," + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y22", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_node_to_agents", + "_move_to", + "setdefault", + "remove" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated and a stale entry is deleted.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose from:\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated by removing the old entry and adding a new entry with the updated coordinates. If the old entry is stale, it is removed from the index.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_n" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The index is updated to the new location. If the old location is still occupied, the agent is removed from the old location and the new location is added to the agent's list of locations. If the old location is not occupied, the agent is added to the new location and the old location is removed from the agent" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index of the agent is updated to reflect its new location. If there is a stale entry in the index, it is removed and a new entry is created for the agent at its new location. This ensures that the index always contains up-to-date information about the agents' locations.\n\nQuestion" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated to reflect the new location. If there is a stale entry, it is removed from the index.\nWhat is the purpose of the `update_index` method in the `Agent` class?\nAnswer: The `update_index` method is used to update the index of an" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated to reflect the new location. If there is a stale entry, it is removed from the index.\n}\n\n\n@dataclass\nclass Simulation:\n \"\"\"A simulation of a swarm of agents.\"\"\"\n\n # TODO: add a way to specify the number of agents\n #" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The index is updated and the stale entry is deleted. \"\n \"MATCH (a:IntersectionQuestion: What happens if an agent is relocated to a node that is not in the graph?\nAnswer: The agent is relocated to the nearest node in the graph. \"\n \"MATCH (a:IntersectionQuestion: What happens" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated by removing the old node_id from the agent's index and adding the new node_id. If the old node_id is stale, it is removed from the index. If the new node_id is stale, it is added to the index. The index is updated to reflect" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated by removing the agent from the current node and adding them to the new node. If the agent is added to a node that is not reachable from the previous node, the entry is considered stale and can be removed from the index. This ensures that the index only contains valid" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the spatial index is updated by removing the agent from the old node and adding it to the new node. If there is a stale entry in the index, it is removed.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method in the simulation engine?\nAnswer: The `_relay" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y23", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "uuid4", + "run_id", + "8" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by the simulation software and is typically a unique identifier for the simulation run. The length of the run identifier can vary depending on the software used, but it is usually a combination of letters and numbers. The run identifier is used to identify the simulation run and is stored in the simulation results." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by concatenating the current date and time with a random number. The length of the run identifier is 10 characters.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The `build_nx_graph` function builds a networkx graph from the Neo" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by concatenating the simulation name, the simulation type, the simulation date, and the simulation time. The run identifier is 10 characters long.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `run_identifier` variable in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The `run_identifier` variable is" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated using the `uuid.uuid4()` function, which generates a random UUID (Universally Unique Identifier). The length of the UUID is 32 characters, which is a standard length for UUIDs.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Simulation` class in the `swarm.simulation" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by combining the simulation name, the simulation type, the simulation date, and a random UUID. The run identifier is a unique identifier for each simulation run, and it is used to identify the simulation run in the database. The run identifier is generated by combining the simulation name, the simulation type," + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by appending a random UUID to the simulation identifier. The UUID is a unique identifier that is generated by the system and is used to identify the simulation run. The length of the UUID is typically 32 characters long and is generated using a random number generator. The UUID is appended to the simulation" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by the simulation engine and is a unique identifier for the simulation run. The length of the identifier depends on the specific implementation of the simulation engine, but it is typically a long string of characters that includes a timestamp, a random number, and other metadata about the simulation run.\"\n \"MATCH (" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by combining the simulation name, the simulation date, and a random UUID. The simulation date is obtained from the current date and time using the `datetime` module. The random UUID is generated using the `uuid` module. The run identifier is then stored in the `run_id` field of" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The run identifier for a finished simulation is generated by the `uuid.uuid4()` function, which generates a random UUID (Universally Unique Identifier). The UUID is a 128-bit number that is guaranteed to be unique across all possible UUIDs. The length of the UUID is not specified, but it is typically" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated using the `uuid.uuid4()` function, which returns a random UUID. The UUID is then truncated to the first 8 characters using slicing (`str(uuid.uuid4())[:8]`). The length of the run identifier is 8 characters.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_node" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y24", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "most_common", + "top_bottlenecks", + "0.0" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The congestion is modeled as a function of the number of agents on the road, and the evacuation rate is the number of agents that can leave the road per unit time.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The call that selects the congested roads at the end is `nx.shortest_path` with the `weight` parameter set to `distance`. The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 0.0.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The call that selects the congested roads at the end is `self._select_congested_roads()`. The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 0.0.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `self._select_congested_roads()` method?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The congested roads are selected at the end of the simulation using the `select_congested_roads` method. The evacuation rate is calculated as the number of agents that successfully evacuated divided by the total number of agents. When there are no agents, the evacuation rate is 0.\n\nfrom swarm import Agent, Road" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The call that selects the congested roads at the end is the \"select_congested_roads\" call. The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 100%.\n})\n\ndef _get_agent_type(agent: Agent) -> AgentType:\n if agent.state == AgentState.READY:\n return" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The congested roads are selected based on the number of agents on each road. The evacuation rate is the number of agents that can evacuate per unit of time. When there are no agents, the evacuation rate is 0.\n}\n\n_DEFAULT_SPEED: dict[AgentType, float] = {\n AgentType.COMPLI" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The congested roads are selected by the agents that are closest to the intersection. The evacuation rate is the number of agents that are able to evacuate from the intersection per minute. The evacuation rate is determined by the number of agents that are able to evacuate from the intersection per minute. The evacuation rate is determined by the number" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The call that selects the congested roads at the end is `select_congested_roads`. The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 0.0.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py\ndef select_congested_roads" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation rate is calculated based on the number of agents that have successfully evacuated from the simulation. The evacuation rate is the percentage of agents that have successfully evacuated from the simulation. The evacuation rate is calculated by dividing the number of agents that have successfully evacuated from the simulation by the total number of agents that were in the simulation" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The congested roads are selected by the `top_bottlenecks` variable, which is a list of tuples containing the road name and the count of agent crossings. The evacuation rate is calculated as the number of evacuated agents divided by the total number of agents, and it is 0.0 when there are no" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y25", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_move_panic", + "_move_along_route", + "EVACUATING" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatch between the two kinds of mover, and which agents does it skip?\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the agent's type. It skips the movement step for agents of type \"Compliant\" and \"Skeptical\" because they are not allowed to move. For agents of type \"Skeptical\", the movement step is skipped if the distance between the" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatch is done by the `dispatch_movement_step` method, which takes the current time step as an argument. It checks the type of each agent in the simulation and calls the appropriate movement step method for each agent. The agents that are skipped are those that have a `movement_step` method that returns `" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the type of mover the agent has. If the agent has a `RandomMover`, it will use the `move_random` method to move. If the agent has a `RandomMover` and a `RandomMover` is not available," + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the agent's type. Agents of type \"mover\" are dispatched to the mover step, while agents of type \"mover2\" are dispatched to the mover2 step. The dispatching is done using the `dispatch` method of the `Agent" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of movers based on the agent's type. The compliant movers move towards the nearest node, while the skeptical movers move towards the node with the highest number of compliant movers. The panic movers move towards the node with the highest number of skeptical movers. The movement step skips the movers" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the agent's type. Compliant agents move based on the current state of the graph, while Skeptical agents move based on the current state of the graph and the agent's own state. The movement step skips the following agents: Compliant agents that" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the agent's type. Compliant and Skeptical agents use the `move_compliant` function, while Panic agents use the `move_panic` function. The `move_immobile` function is skipped for all agents.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ec" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of movers based on their respective movement types. The compliant movers move along the shortest path to the shelter node, while the skeptical movers move to the nearest node that is not blocked by a flood. The panic movers move to the nearest node that is not blocked by a flood," + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the agent's type. It skips the panic agents and moves the compliant and skeptical agents along their pre-computed routes. The panic agents take a random step on the full graph, ignoring flood blockages.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay" + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y26", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "single_source_shortest_path_length", + "to_convert", + "reachable" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm is called the \"panic conversion algorithm\" because it is designed to quickly find the neighbours eligible for panic conversion, and where the converts are collected.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no. (1)." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the `nx.algorithms.shortest_paths.weighted.dijkstra` function. The converts are collected in the `converts` list.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_n" + }, + "kv_first@32": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm is called \"panic conversion\" and it is used to find the neighbours eligible for panic conversion. The converts are collected in a separate list.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"panic_conversion\" function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the \"panic_conversion\" function is to find the neighbours eligible for panic conversion" + }, + "kv_first@64": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the \"all_neighbors\" function. It returns a list of all the neighbors of a given node in the graph. The converts are collected in the \"converts\" list, which is a list of nodes that have been converted to panic mode.\n\nQuestion: What" + }, + "kv_first@128": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is called \"panic conversion\" and it is used to identify the nodes that are most likely to panic and convert to a new state. The converts are collected in a separate graph called the \"panic graph\" or \"panic network\". The panic graph is used to identify the" + }, + "kv_first@256": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the \"shortest path\" algorithm. The converts are collected in a separate list or set.\n}\n\n_DEFAULT_PANIC_DIST: dict[AgentType, float] = {\n AgentType.COMPLIANT: 0.40,\n AgentType.S" + }, + "kv_first@512": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Dijkstra's algorithm. The algorithm finds the shortest path between two nodes in a graph, which in this case is the panic conversion. The algorithm is used to find the neighbours eligible for panic conversion, and the converts are collected at the end of the path.\"\n \"MATCH (a:IntersectionQuestion: What is the" + }, + "kv_first@1024": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the `find_neighbours_for_panic_conversion` function. The converts are collected in the `converts` list.\n\nQuestion: Which graph algorithm finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion, and where are the converts collected?\nAnswer: The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible" + }, + "kv_first@2048": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the \"shortest path\" algorithm. It calculates the shortest path between two nodes in a graph. The converts are collected at the end of the evacuation route, which is the node that is closest to the shelter node.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is `nx.single_source_shortest_path_length`. It is used to find the shortest paths from a given node to all other nodes in the graph. The neighbours eligible for panic conversion are collected in the `to_convert` list, which is then used to update the state" + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvsweep_strat26_ceiling.json b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvsweep_strat26_ceiling.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a9f3167 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/cm/echoswarm_kvsweep_strat26_ceiling.json @@ -0,0 +1,713 @@ +{ + "fixtures_file": "echoswarm_qa_95c8e099_strat.json", + "n": 26, + "seq_len": 4599, + "prefix_lens": [ + 5100 + ], + "trained_P": 128, + "max_new_tokens": 64, + "text_single_shot_tokens": 4626, + "text_prefill_tokens": 4599, + "metric": "grounding_score (CM-B.0a)", + "scores": { + "floor": 0, + "text": 14, + "cartridge": 2, + "kv_first@5100": 13 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_y01", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "frozenset", + "_STOP_WORDS" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is called the \"excluded words list.\" The constant named for this data structure is \"EXCLUDED_WORDS_LIST.\"" + }, + "text": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a frozenset named _STOP_WORDS.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The function `build_nx_graph` builds in-memory networkx graphs from current Neo4j state, returning two graphs" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is a set named _STOP_WORDS. The constant is defined as a frozen set containing the following elements: \"a\", \"an\", \"the\", \"to\", \"of\", \"at\", \"is\", \"are\", \"was\", \"were\", \"" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The data structure that holds the words excluded from key-token matching is `_STOP_WORDS`, and the constant named is `frozenset`.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the provided code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation." + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y02", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "0.40", + "0.30", + "0.20", + "0.10", + "_DEFAULT_DIST" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 25% for each type.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 40% Compliant, 30% Skeptical, 20% Panic, and 10% Immobile.\n\nQuestion: How does the simulation handle the case when there are no nodes in the graph?\nAnswer: If the graph has no" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 0.25 for Compliant, 0.25 for Skeptical, 0.25 for Sceptical, and 0.25 for Random.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The default population split across the four agent types is 40% Compliant, 30% Skeptical, 20% Panic, and 10% Immobile.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_stop_words` set in the code?\nAnswer: The `_stop_words` set" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12271MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y03", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "G_passable", + "G_full", + "passable", + "flood" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 the first is a scatterplot of the response variable versus the predictor variable, and the second is a histogram of the response variable.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs: G_passable and G_full. G_passable is a subgraph of G_full that only includes edges where passable=True, which represents the compliant and skeptical routing paths. G_full includes all edges, including flood-blocked ones, which represents the panic movement and relay adjacency.\n\nQuestion" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs \u2014 the first graph is a directed graph (nx.DiGraph) and the second graph is an undirected graph (nx.Graph).\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph builder returns two graphs: G_passable and G_full. G_passable is a directed graph that only includes edges where the \"passable\" attribute is True, which represents the compliant and skeptical routing paths. G_full, on the other hand, includes all edges, including those that are flood-blocked," + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y04", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "Intersection", + "lat", + "lon", + "sector" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label and the four properties: name, description, type, and color.\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the graph loader?\nAnswer: The graph loader is used to load the graph data from the database into the graph database.\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the" + }, + "text": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the \"Intersection\" node label and the \"id\", \"lat\", \"lon\", and \"sector\" properties.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build in" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the node label \"Intersection\" and the four properties \"id\", \"lat\", \"lon\", and \"distance\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The graph loader reads out of the database the \"Intersection\" node label and the \"id\", \"lat\", \"lon\", and \"sector\" properties.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build in" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12255MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y05", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "degree", + "fallback", + "highest", + "passable" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the nearest refuge that is tagged with the key refuge.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the intersection node with the highest degree, which is considered the most central and reachable from most of the graph.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The `_relay_messages` method is used to snapshot all relay operations that" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The evacuation target is chosen as the nearest refuge to the current location of the agent.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, which represents the road" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The highest-degree node in the graph is chosen as the fallback target.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The `_relay_messages` method is used to snapshot all relay operations this tick, then apply them atomically.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y06", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "ValueError", + "no nodes", + "cannot" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The code will return the first node in the graph, which is the source node.\n\nQuestion: What happens if the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target?\nAnswer: The code will return the first node in the graph, which is the source node.\n\nQuestion: What happens if the graph is empty when" + }, + "text": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "If the graph is empty, the code will raise a ValueError with the message \"Graph has no nodes; cannot find shelter fallback\".\n\nQuestion: How does the code determine the type distribution for the agents?\nAnswer: The code uses a default distribution defined in the _DEFAULT_DIST dictionary, which assigns probabilities to different agent types." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "If the graph is empty, the code will raise a ValueError with the message \"No evacuation target found\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database," + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "If the graph is empty when the code looks for an evacuation target, it will raise a ValueError with the message \"Graph has no nodes; cannot find shelter fallback\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_DEFAULT_DIST` dictionary in the code?\nAnswer: The `_DEFAULT_DIST` dictionary is used to define the default" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y07", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "random.choices", + "weights", + "assigned_types" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent type is assigned according to the configured proportions.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is `random.choices(types, weights=weights, k=n)`.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the given Python code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is used to represent an agent in the simulation, with attributes" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is `AgentType` from the `swarm.agents` module.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The standard-library call that assigns agent types according to the configured proportions is `random.choices(types, weights=weights, k=n)`.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the provided code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation. It" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y08", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "agent_", + "05d", + "enumerate" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string is \"A%03d\".\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nOptions are:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "\"{:05d}\"\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that builds the networkx graphs from the current Neo4j state?\nAnswer: build_nx_graph\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that finds the nearest shelter node in the networkx graph?\nAnswer: find_shelter_node" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The format string that produces the identifiers given to newly placed agents is \"{id}\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database.\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "\"{:05d}\"\n\nQuestion: What is the type of the variable `G`?\nAnswer: `nx.DiGraph`\n\nQuestion: What is the type of the variable `G_full`?\nAnswer: `nx.DiGraph`\n\nQuestion: What is the type of the variable `agents`?\nAnswer: `list" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12255MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y09", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "n_safe", + "n_evacuating", + "n_informed", + "n_waiting", + "n_stranded" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts are the number of individuals in each of the five states (S, E, I, R, and D).\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "n_safe, n_evacuating, n_informed, n_waiting, n_stranded\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that builds the networkx graphs from the current Neo4j state?\nAnswer: build_nx_graph\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that finds the shelter node in" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The five per-state counts recorded for every simulation step are: \"compliant\", \"skeptical\", \"suspicious\", \"uncooperative\", and \"stopped\".\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "n_safe, n_evacuating, n_informed, n_waiting, n_stranded\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that builds the networkx graphs from current Neo4j state?\nAnswer: build_nx_graph\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that finds the nearest shelter node?" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y10", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "top-5", + "bottleneck_edges", + "crossings", + "cumulative" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The report also includes the number of congested roads at the end of a run, ranked by the number of vehicles on the road.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "5\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that builds the networkx graphs from the current Neo4j state?\nAnswer: build_nx_graph\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that finds the shelter node in the networkx graph?\nAnswer: find_shelter_node\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where nodes represent intersections and edges represent roads.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "5\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that builds the networkx graphs from current Neo4j state?\nAnswer: build_nx_graph\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the function that finds the shelter node in the networkx graph?\nAnswer: find_shelter_node\n\nQuestion: What is the" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12255MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y11", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "200", + "_REPLAY_N", + "sample" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The map animation history is limited to 100 agents.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "200 agents are tracked for the map animation history.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_node_to_agents` dictionary in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The `_node_to_agents` dictionary is used to store a list of agents currently at each node in the graph. It is used to quickly" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1000\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where nodes represent intersections and edges represent roads.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "200\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_node_to_agents` dictionary?\nAnswer: The `_node_to_agents` dictionary is used to store a list of agents that are currently at each node in the graph. It is used to quickly access the agents at a specific node for operations like moving agents" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y12", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_routes", + "n_routable_nodes", + "shelter" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes.\n (B). no. (A)." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the number of nodes in the graph.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the given Python code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation. It contains attributes such as `id`," + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the route between two nodes.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database.\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The accessor for pre-computed routes returns the length of the number of nodes in the graph.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the given code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation. It contains attributes such as `id`, `" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y13", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_relay_messages", + "_update_evacuation_status", + "_move_agents", + "_increment_ticks", + "_spread_panic", + "_compute_tick_metrics" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. The simulation step is started by the simulation manager. 2. The simulation manager calls the simulation step's initialization function. 3. The simulation step's initialization function is called. 4. The simulation step's main function is called. 5. The simulation step's main function is called." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Relay messages 2. Update evacuation status 3. Move agents 4. Spread panic 5. Increment ticks 6. Compute tick metrics\n\nQuestion: Extract the first sentence of section /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/simulation.py.\nAnswer:" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Build the networkx graph.\n2. Build the Neo4j graph.\n3. Build the Neo4j graph.\n4. Build the Neo4j graph.\n5. Build the Neo4j graph.\n6. Build the Neo4j graph.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1. Relay messages\n2. Update evacuation status\n3. Move agents\n4. Spread panic\n5. Increment ticks\n6. Compute tick metrics\nQuestion: List, in order, the three sub-steps executed by the tick method.\nAnswer: 1. Relay messages\n2. Update evacuation status" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y14", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "5", + "Convergence", + "prev_informed", + "max_ticks" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early if the value of the variable x is greater than 1000000.\nCode:\n```python\nx = 1\nwhile x <= 1000000:\n x = x * 2\n print(x)\n```\n\nQuestion: What is" + }, + "text": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early after a warm-up period when propagation has stalled, as indicated by no new informed agents.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method?\nAnswer: The `_relay_messages` method is responsible for snapshotting all relay operations this tick and applying them atomically.\n\nQuestion: What" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early after 100 steps if the distance between the current node and the destination node is less than 0.001 (0.1 meters).\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The loop can stop early after a warm-up period when propagation has stalled. This is determined by checking if the number of informed agents remains the same or decreases after a certain number of ticks. If the number of informed agents does not change or decreases, the loop breaks and the simulation stops.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y15", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "pending", + "atomically", + "snapshot", + "next_hop" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The ordering within a step does not matter, so the order of the operations in the above example is not important.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied atomically by collecting them in a list and then applying them all at once.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method?\nAnswer: The `_relay_messages` method is used to snapshot all relay operations this tick and then apply them atomically.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied in a way that ensures that the ordering within a step does not matter. This is achieved by using the `build_nx_graph` function, which takes a `Driver` object as an argument. The function uses the `build_nx_graph` function to build a networkx graph from the Neo" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Relay operations are applied atomically by collecting them in a list and then applying them all at once. This ensures that the order of operations does not matter, as the operations are applied in a single, atomic step.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method in the simulation engine?\nAnswer: The" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y16", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "route", + "route_index", + "0", + "_routes" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The agent is removed from the list of agents, and its state is reset to the state it had when it was promoted.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, its state is set to AgentState.STRANDED.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build in-memory networkx graphs from current Neo4j state." + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The reset includes the agent's state, its position, its speed, its direction, its distance, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance to the next intersection, its distance" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent is promoted to leave, its state is reset to AgentState.STRANDED.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `Agent` class in the given code?\nAnswer: The `Agent` class is a data class that represents an agent in the simulation. It contains attributes such as `id`," + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y17", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_edge_usage", + "road_name", + "unknown" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and keyed by the road's name.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The `_edge_usage` counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and is keyed by the `road_name` of the road.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_node_to_agents` dictionary in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The `_node_to_agents` dictionary is used to store a" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and keyed by the road's ID.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter is incremented as an agent traverses a road, and it is keyed by the name of the road.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_edge_usage` counter in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The `_edge_usage` counter is used to track the number of times each road name has been" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y18", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_G_full", + "flood", + "random.choice", + "blockages" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on a graph that is a mixture of the two types of graphs described above, and they disregard the time dimension.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the G_full graph, which includes flood-blocked edges.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method in the simulation engine?\nAnswer: The `_relay_messages` method is used to snapshot all relay operations this tick, then apply them atomically.\n\nQuestion: What is the" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the networkx graph, and they disregard the stop words \"a\", \"an\", \"the\", \"to\", \"of\", \"at\", \"is\", \"are\", \"was\", \"were\", \"be\", \"been\", \"being\", \"have\", \"has\", \"had\"," + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The erratic agents move on the G_full graph, which includes flood-blocked edges. They disregard flood blockages.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method?\nAnswer: The `_relay_messages` method is used to snapshot all relay operations this tick, then apply them atomically.\n\nQuestion: What" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12255MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y19", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "panic_radius", + "panic_spread_prob", + "AFTER", + "movement" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "Social contagion is a process by which people influence each other's behavior, attitudes, and beliefs. It is governed by two configuration values: the strength of the relationship between individuals and the similarity of their attitudes and beliefs. Social contagion runs when individuals are in close proximity to each other and are influenced by the behavior," + }, + "text": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are panic_spread_prob and panic_radius. It runs after movement so newly converted agents take effect next tick.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _move_panic method?\nAnswer: The purpose of the _move_panic method is to spread panic among Compliant/S" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The configuration values that govern social contagion are \"social_contagion\" and \"social_contagion_threshold\". Social contagion runs when the \"social_contagion\" configuration value is set to True.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The two configuration values that govern social contagion are panic_spread_prob and panic_radius. It runs after movement so newly converted agents take effect next tick.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the _move_panic method?\nAnswer: The purpose of the _move_panic method is to spread panic among Compliant/S" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y20", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "1.0", + "preservation", + "informed_pool", + "total_tokens" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The value of the message preservation parameter is used to determine the number of agents that must be reached before the message is preserved.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes\n (2). no\n(1)." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1.0\n\nQuestion: What is the default value for the number of agents to seed with the full Hermes message?\nAnswer: 1\n\nQuestion: What is the default value for the fraction of agents to seed with the full Hermes message?\nAnswer: 0.05\n\nQuestion: What is the default" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "0.0\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the function `build_nx_graph`?\nAnswer: The purpose of the function `build_nx_graph` is to build a networkx graph from the Neo4j database, where nodes represent intersections and edges represent roads.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "1.0\n\nQuestion: What is the default distribution of agent types in the simulation?\nAnswer: The default distribution of agent types is {AgentType.COMPLIANT: 0.40, AgentType.SKEPTICAL: 0.30, AgentType.PANIC: 0." + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y21", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "ticks_informed", + "_increment_ticks" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe, and in which helper?\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose your answer from:\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the `n_stranded` counter. This counter is incremented for agents that are in the `AgentState.STRANDED` state. The helper for this counter is the `_move_to` method, which is used to move agents to" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the `safe` counter. This counter is advanced in the `safe` helper function, which is used to track the number of agents that have been reached but are not yet safe.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `safe`" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The counter that advances for agents that have been reached but are not yet safe is the `n_stranded` counter. This counter is incremented for agents that are in the `AgentState.STRANDED` state. The `AgentState.STRANDED` state is defined in the `AgentState` enum," + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y22", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_node_to_agents", + "_move_to", + "setdefault", + "remove" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated and a stale entry is deleted.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nChoose from:\n (1). yes.\n (2). no.\n(1)." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the spatial index is updated by removing the agent from the old node and adding it to the new node. If there is a stale entry in the index, it is removed.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_move_to` method in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the index is updated by removing the old entry and adding a new entry with the updated coordinates. If the old entry is stale, it is removed from the index.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_n" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "When an agent relocates, the spatial index is updated by removing the agent from the old node and adding it to the new node. If there is a stale entry in the index, it is removed.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method in the simulation engine?\nAnswer: The `_relay" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12255MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y23", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "uuid4", + "run_id", + "8" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by the simulation software and is typically a unique identifier for the simulation run. The length of the run identifier can vary depending on the software used, but it is usually a combination of letters and numbers. The run identifier is used to identify the simulation run and is stored in the simulation results." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated using the `uuid.uuid4()` function, which returns a random UUID. The UUID is then truncated to the first 8 characters. The length of the run identifier is 8 characters.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_tick_log` attribute in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated by concatenating the current date and time with a random number. The length of the run identifier is 10 characters.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The `build_nx_graph` function builds a networkx graph from the Neo" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The run identifier is generated using the `uuid.uuid4()` function, which returns a random UUID. The UUID is then truncated to the first 8 characters using slicing (`str(uuid.uuid4())[:8]`). The length of the run identifier is 8 characters.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_node" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y24", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "most_common", + "top_bottlenecks", + "0.0" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The congestion is modeled as a function of the number of agents on the road, and the evacuation rate is the number of agents that can leave the road per unit time.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A" + }, + "text": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The congested roads are selected at the end by finding the top-5 road names by cumulative agent crossings. The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 0.0.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay_messages` method in the `Simulation` class?\nAnswer: The `_relay_messages` method" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The call that selects the congested roads at the end is `nx.shortest_path` with the `weight` parameter set to `distance`. The evacuation rate when there are no agents is 0.0.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The congested roads are selected by the `top_bottlenecks` variable, which is a list of tuples containing the road name and the count of agent crossings. The evacuation rate is calculated as the number of evacuated agents divided by the total number of agents, and it is 0.0 when there are no" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=11247MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y25", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "_move_panic", + "_move_along_route", + "EVACUATING" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatch between the two kinds of mover, and which agents does it skip?\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (A). yes\n (B). no\n(A)." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover, Compliant/Skeptical and Panic, based on the agent's state. It skips agents that are already in the Safe state.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_move_to` method in the simulation engine?\nAnswer: The `_move_to` method" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the agent's type. It skips the movement step for agents of type \"Compliant\" and \"Skeptical\" because they are not allowed to move. For agents of type \"Skeptical\", the movement step is skipped if the distance between the" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The movement step dispatches between the two kinds of mover based on the agent's type. It skips the panic agents and moves the compliant and skeptical agents along their pre-computed routes. The panic agents take a random step on the full graph, ignoring flood blockages.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_relay" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_y26", + "bucket": "95c8e099", + "kw": [ + "single_source_shortest_path_length", + "to_convert", + "reachable" + ], + "floor": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The algorithm is called the \"panic conversion algorithm\" because it is designed to quickly find the neighbours eligible for panic conversion, and where the converts are collected.\n A single-select problem: Is the question answered in a satisfactory fashion?\n\nSelect from the following.\n (1). yes.\n (2). no. (1)." + }, + "text": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is `nx.single_source_shortest_path_length`. It is used to find the shortest paths from a given node to all other nodes in the graph. The neighbours eligible for panic conversion are collected in the `to_convert` list.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the" + }, + "cartridge": { + "grounded": false, + "answer": "The graph algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is the `nx.algorithms.shortest_paths.weighted.dijkstra` function. The converts are collected in the `converts` list.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `build_nx_graph` function?\nAnswer: The purpose of the `build_n" + }, + "kv_first@5100": { + "grounded": true, + "answer": "The algorithm that finds the neighbours eligible for panic conversion is `nx.single_source_shortest_path_length`. It is used to find the shortest paths from a given node to all other nodes in the graph. The neighbours eligible for panic conversion are collected in the `to_convert` list, which is then used to update the state" + }, + "mem": "cur=7002MB driver=12263MB" + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/latest.json b/tests/eval/results/latest.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..04198a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/latest.json @@ -0,0 +1,1112 @@ +[ + { + "repo": "echoswarm", + "n_fixtures": 25, + "routing_hits": 24, + "grounding": { + "latent": 2, + "hybrid": 11, + "cache_aug": 12, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": 2, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": 12, + "text_clean": 4, + "no_context": 3 + }, + "multi_grounding": { + "latent": 2, + "hybrid": 4, + "cache_aug": 3, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": 1, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": 3, + "text_clean": 2, + "no_context": 1 + }, + "multi_total": 7, + "cosine_means": { + "latent": 0.5339684081077576, + "hybrid": 0.6256593358516693, + "cache_aug": 0.5606319057941437, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": 0.5487384831905365, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": 0.573582968711853, + "text_clean": 0.5551033794879914, + "no_context": 0.5746461367607116 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "echoswarm_01", + "question": "What is the relay probability for a Compliant agent and how does it modify the message?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The Compliant agent's relay probability is 0.5, which is the same as the 0% value in the code snippet. This means that the agent's message is relayed with 50% probability. The code snippet does not specify how the relay probability changes, but it seems to be constant at 0%, as indicated by the line `return random.uniform(0, 1)`, which returns a random float between 0 and 1.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.7582756280899048 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 40%, and it drops 1 token on relay when the hop count reaches 2, reflecting its behavior.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.7190980911254883 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "80% relay probability; message transmitted verbatim\n\nQuestion: What is the relay behavior for a Skeptical agent and how does it modify the message?\n\nThe answer: Only relay after receiving from 2 distinct sources; drops 1 random key token before relaying\n\nQuestion: What is the relay behavior for a Panic agent and how does it modify the message?\n\nThe answer: Acts immediately, ignores flooded edges; drops 1\u20132 tokens; infects neighbors\n\nQuestion: What is the relay behavior for an Immobile agent and how does it modify the message?\n\nThe answer: Never", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.7067830562591553 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "The relay probability for a Compliant agent is 0.5, which means that the agent will relay the message with a probability of 0.5. This modification to the message is done by the agent, and it is not a modification to the message itself. The message is not modified by the agent, but the agent decides whether to relay the message or not based on the relay probability.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.768670916557312 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "80% relay probability; message transmitted verbatim\n\nQuestion: What is the relay behavior for a Skeptical agent and how does it modify the message?\n\nThe answer: Only relay after receiving from 2 distinct sources; drops 1 random key token before relaying\n\nQuestion: What is the relay behavior for a Panic agent and how does it modify the message?\n\nThe answer: Acts immediately, ignores flooded edges; drops 1\u20132 tokens; infects neighbors\n\nQuestion: What is the relay behavior for an Immobile agent and how does it modify the message?\n\nThe answer: Never", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.7067830562591553 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "The relay probability is 0, as the Compliant agents do not relay messages.\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n## 1. What is a graph?\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\nGraphs are mathematical structures that represent relationships between objects. They are used to model complex systems and relationships between entities. Graphs can be represented using various data structures, such as adjacency lists, adjacency matrices, or graphs in a database.\n\n# 2. What are the different types of graphs?\n# --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nThere are several types of graph structures, including:\n\n- **Directed Graphs**: A graph where the edges have a direction, indicating the direction", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5236724019050598 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "The relay probability is 0.5, which means that the agent has a 50% chance of receiving a message from the server and a 25% chance it will be lost. This modification is achieved by using a message relay mechanism, which allows the agent to send messages to multiple servers simultaneously.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6852491497993469 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_02", + "question": "What two conditions must hold before a Skeptical agent will relay the message?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The agent must have received the message and have the appropriate beliefs about the situation before relaying it. If the agent has not received the information, it cannot relay the message. The agent must also have beliefs about what the message might entail before relay it, as this allows it to decide whether to relay it or not.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6159844398498535 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The agent must confirm its neighbors with a high degree of certainty before relaying the message, requiring 2 or more reliable sources.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.544273853302002 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "- Preservation > 60%\n- Requires confirmation from **2 distinct neighbors** before acting\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n def can_act(self, total_key_tokens: int) -> bool:\n \"\"\"True when this agent should transition from INFORMED to EVACUATING.\"\"\"\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.IMMOBILE:\n return False\n if self.state != AgentState.INFORMED:\n return False\n\n preservation = len(self.tokens) / total_key_tokens if total", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5042707920074463 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "The two conditions that must hold before a Skeptical agent will relay the message are:\n\n1. The message must be a valid", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.7108340263366699 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "- Preservation > 60%\n- Requires confirmation from **2 distinct neighbors** before acting\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n def can_act(self, total_key_tokens: int) -> bool:\n \"\"\"True when this agent should transition from INFORMED to EVACUATING.\"\"\"\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.IMMOBILE:\n return False\n if self.state != AgentState.INFORMED:\n return False\n\n preservation = len(self.tokens) / total_key_tokens if total", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5042707920074463 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "Skeptics must have a single verification token and be able to repeat it to neighbors and 3-11.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.4832817316055298 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "The two conditions that must hold for a Skeptic to relay the information are: (1) the message is not already known to the Skeptic, and (2) the Skeptics is not aware of the message's origin.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5472869873046875 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_03", + "question": "How does a Panic agent corrupt the message when relaying?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The Panic agent corrupts the message by replacing the `response` variable with a stringified `None` value, effectively stripping the message from the response string. This results in a response like \"None\" instead of the expected \"Response\" string, which is expected from the `Response` enum value. The Panic agent then raises a `ResponseMismatch` exception with the `NoneValue` string, indicating an error in the response parsing.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5073301792144775 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The Panic agent drops a randomly chosen token on relay, making it impossible to distinguish between messages from the same source.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.7472002506256104 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "---\n\n## Simulation", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.29459336400032043 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "The agent corrupts the message by adding a new field called \"Panic\" to the message. This field is set to \"true\" and contains the original message. The agent then sends the message to the next agent in the chain. The next agent in the chain will receive the message with the \"Panic\" field added to it. This process continues until the message reaches the final agent, which will have the \"Panic\" field added to it multiple times. The final agent will then send the message to the recipient, which will receive the message with the \"Panic\" field added", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5209319591522217 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "---\n\n## Simulation\n\nThe simulation is a directed graph of nodes (agents) and edges (communication links). The graph is initialized with a random seed and then populated with agents. The simulation runs for a fixed number of time steps, and at each step, agents move to a random neighbor, and then act based on their decision rule. The simulation ends when all agents are safe or when a fixed number of time steps have elapsed.\n\n---\n\n## Critic\n\nThe Critic is a machine learning model that takes as input the current state of the simulation and outputs a set of actions to take. The", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.3617350161075592 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "A Panic agent will corrupt the received message by sending a message that is not related to the original message, which can be seen as a form of \"misinterpretation\" or \"miscommunication\".", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5402531623840332 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "A Panic agent can corrupt the original message by modifying the data or altering the message's structure, which can lead to a loss of information or a false message.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5035238265991211 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_04", + "question": "What initial state is an Immobile agent placed in, and can it ever receive a message?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The agent is placed in the 'mountain' state, as it is a mountain. It can receive messages if it is in a mountain state and receives a 'mountains' message.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5114952325820923 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The agent is placed in the `IMMOBILE` state, and it can receive a message when it's in `INFORMED` state and has `can_act(total)` set to `True`. The `can_move` attribute is `False` for Immobile agents, meaning they cannot move without instructions from the agent's key token.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.7618194818496704 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "The initial state of an Immobile agent is `AgentState.STRANDED`. This means that the agent is stuck in place and cannot move. It is not possible for an Immobile agent to receive a message, as it is not designed to move or respond to messages.\n\n---\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_move_agents` method in the `Simulation` class, and what does it do?\n\nThe answer: The `_move_agents` method in the `Simulation` class is responsible for moving the agents in the simulation. It iterates through all the agents and checks their state.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.737861692905426 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "An Immobile agent is initially placed in a state where it cannot move. It can receive messages, but it cannot move to a new state based on the message it receives. The initial state is a state where the agent is not moving, and it can receive messages but cannot move to a new state based on the message it receives.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.8036563396453857 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "The initial state of an Immobile agent is `AgentState.STRANDED`. This means that the agent is stuck in place and cannot move. It is not possible for an Immobile agent to receive a message, as it is not designed to move or respond to messages.\n\n---\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_move_agents` method in the `Simulation` class, and what does it do?\n\nThe answer: The `_move_agents` method in the `Simulation` class is responsible for moving the agents in the simulation. It iterates through all the agents and checks their state.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.737861692905426 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "An Immobile Agent can be placed in the \"IMMOBILE\" state, and it can receive a valid message if it is within 1000 meters of a shelter location.\n\n[Contexts 4]\n# 1. /Users/.../test-repos/swarm/src/swarmpy/agents/agent.py\n# 2. /test-repo/swarm/swarm.py\n[Context3]\n## SOP: Skeptics can't verify shelter locations by phone\n- **Skeptic:** \"I'm not sure if the shelter is safe or not.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6277082562446594 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "An Immobile Agent is placed in an empty state, and it can never receive a new message.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.7485793828964233 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_05", + "question": "What token-preservation threshold must be met for an INFORMED agent to start evacuating?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The INFORMED agent must have a threshold of 0.5 to start evacuating. The code snippet calls `agent.start_evacuation()` with an `evacuation_threshold` set to 0, and if it returns `True`, the agent starts evacuating, returning `True` as the first condition is met. The `agent.evacuate()` method is called again with the threshold set to `0.0`, and if the agent returns `False`, it exits the loop. The result is `True`.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5244741439819336 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The INFORMED agent must have at least 25% of the total key tokens preserved (preservation_rate > 0.25) to start evacuating. The default value in the `can_act` method is 0, which indicates no action is taken when the preservation rate is less than 20%, hence the threshold of 21% is set to 0 if no value is provided.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.6904640197753906 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "0.6\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_update_evacuation_status` method in the `Simulation` class?\n\nThe answer: : The purpose of the `_update_evacuation_status` method in the `Simulation` class is to transition INFORMED agents to EVACUATING when the `can_act` condition is met.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `TickResult` class in the `simulation.py` file?\n\nThe answer: : The purpose of the `TickResult` class in the `simulation.py` file is to encapsulate the results of", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.2836707830429077 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "The INFORMED agent must have a token-preservation threshold of at least 0.5 to start evacuating. This means that the agent must have at least 50% of its tokens preserved before it can begin the evacuation process.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.6793661117553711 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "0.6\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `_update_evacuation_status` method in the `Simulation` class?\n\nThe answer: : The purpose of the `_update_evacuation_status` method in the `Simulation` class is to transition INFORMED agents to EVACUATING when the `can_act` condition is met.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `TickResult` class in the `simulation.py` file?\n\nThe answer: : The purpose of the `TickResult` class in the `simulation.py` file is to encapsulate the results of", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.2836707830429077 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "The token-preservation threshold for an informed agent to begin evacuating is 0.\n\n[Contexts 4]\n# 1. /Users/.../test-repos/swarm/src/swarmpy/agents/agent.py\n# 2. /test-repo/swarm/swarm.py\n[Context3]\n## 1) The rule is that the agent must be able to verify the message by sending a message back to the sender. This is a requirement for the agent to be able verify the information. The rule also states that the message must be sent to the correct", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.6071063280105591 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "The token-preservation threshold for an informed agent to begin evacuating is 100 tokens.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.7036882042884827 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_06", + "question": "What sub-steps does a single Simulation.tick() execute, and in what order?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The Simulation.tick() function calls Simulation.step() and then the yield statement, which is followed by the yield from the result of Simulation.step(). The Simulation.step function then calls Simulation.run() and the Simulation.run function yields the result. Therefore, the Simulation.tick function yields two results: the simulation's state at the end of the run and the last result yielded from Simulation.run().", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5992122888565063 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "A single Simulation.tick() method calls the _relay_messages(), _update_evacuation_status(), _move_agents(), and _increment_ticks() methods, each of which returns TickResult, which is converted to a dict with \"id\", \"node_id\", and \"state\" attributes. The result is returned as a TickResult object. The _tick_callback function is called after the tick, logging the result to the logger. The `asdict` function is used to convert the result dictionary to a JSON-formatted string for serialization, which serves as the payload for the WS POST request.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.692779004573822 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "tick() executes the following sub-steps in the following order:\n\n1. _relay_messages(): This function is responsible for relaying messages between agents. It iterates over all agents in the simulation and calls the `relay_message` method on each agent. This method is responsible for sending messages to other agents in the simulation.\n\n2. _update_evacuation_status(): This function updates the evacuation status of agents. It iterates over all agents in the simulation and calls the `update_evacuation_status` method on each agent. This method is responsible for updating the evacuation status of agents based on", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.8025802969932556 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "Simulation.tick() is a method that simulates the passage of time in a simulation. It is called at regular intervals to advance the simulation state. The sub-steps that Simulation.tick() executes and in what order are as follows:\n\n1. **Update", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.7039695382118225 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "tick() executes the following sub-steps in the following order:\n\n1. _relay_messages(): This function is responsible for relaying messages between agents. It iterates over all agents in the simulation and calls the `relay_message` method on each agent. This method is responsible for sending messages to other agents in the simulation.\n\n2. _update_evacuation_status(): This function updates the evacuation status of agents. It iterates over all agents in the simulation and calls the `update_evacuation_status` method on each agent. This method is responsible for updating the evacuation status of agents based on", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.8025802969932556 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "The simulation tick() executes the following steps:\n\n1. The simulation checks for new agents to be added to the swarm.\n2. The agents are added to a new swarm.\n3. The swarm is polled for new ticks.\n4. The new ticks are processed.\n5. The tick() is called again to process the new ticks.\n\n[Contexts 4]\n# 1. /Users/.../test-repos/swarm/src/swarmlib/simulation/simulation_config.py\n# 2. /test-repo/swarm/api.py\n\n# 3. /home/ecater", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6444664001464844 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "A single Simulation.run() executes the following steps in the order they are listed:\n\n1. Simulation.tick()\n2. Simulation.step()\n3. Simulation.reset()\n4. Simulation.save()\n5. Simulation.close()", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6808189153671265 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_07", + "question": "What is the snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages, and why does it matter?", + "route_ok": false, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The _relay_messages function defines a `Snapshot` struct, which has `id` and `messages` fields, both being optional. It returns a `None` value when `id == None` and a `Message` struct when `messages == None`, ensuring the function only returns a value when both fields are present. This allows the `send_message` function to determine whether the message was sent successfully based on the presence of `messages`.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.3937572240829468 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The snapshot semantics rule is `if self.state in (AgentState.WAITING, AgentState.STRANDED, AgentType.SKEPTICAL, AgentAction.FALLBACK), return None`, and the reason is that the agent will relay tokens only if it's in one of these states, which affects the reliability of the relay message and the overall agent survival rate.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.43276339769363403 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "The snapshot semantics rule is used to ensure that the state of the agent is consistent across different runs of the program. It is important because it ensures that the agent's state is not altered by external factors, such as changes in the environment or other agents. This is important because it allows the agent to make decisions based on a consistent state, rather than a state that has been altered by external factors. This is important because it allows the agent to make decisions based on a consistent state, rather than a state that has been altered by external factors. This is important because it allows the agent to make decisions", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.27917322516441345 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "The snapshot semantics rule used by _relay_messages is that the message is", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.4326501786708832 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "The snapshot semantics rule is used to ensure that the state of the agent is consistent across different runs of the program. It is important because it ensures that the agent's state is not altered by external factors, such as changes in the environment or other agents. This is important because it allows the agent to make decisions based on a consistent state, rather than a state that has been altered by external factors. This is important because it allows the agent to make decisions based on a consistent state, rather than a state that has been altered by external factors. This is important because it allows the agent to make decisions", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.27917322516441345 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "The snapshot semantics rules used by `relay_messages` are designed to ensure that the messages are sent in a consistent and predictable manner, allowing for efficient and reliable communication between agents. This rule ensures that the message is sent to the correct agent, and that the agent is aware of the message's origin and destination. This is important because it allows for efficient communication between different agents, and ensures that messages are not lost or delayed.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5341970920562744 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "The snapshot semantics rules used by `_relay_messages` are designed to ensure that the messages are sent in a consistent and predictable manner, even when the network topology changes. This is important because it allows the relay to maintain a consistent state of the network, which is crucial for the reliability and performance of the communication.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5519894361495972 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_08", + "question": "What parameters control how Panic spreads between agents in the swarm?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The function uses the `agent_size` parameter to determine the number of agents in each swarm, and the `seed` parameter with a default value of 0 to set the seed for the random generator. These parameters control the size of the swarm and the seed, respectively, which is used to initialize the `agents` list with `agent_count` agents each, ensuring that each agent is spread evenly across the swarm.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.38423383235931396 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The panic_spread_prob parameter controls the probability of spreading Panic within a radius of 2 hops. The panic_radius parameter defines the maximum distance Panic can spread, and the panic_radius is set to 2 in this example. The seed_fraction parameter sets the probability that a random node is selected to be the next panic agent, which can affect the initial panic rate.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.7215758562088013 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "1. `panic_radius`: This parameter determines the maximum number of hops (or graph distances) within which Panic agents can spread to Compliant or Skeptical agents. In other words, it defines the radius of influence for Panic agents. The default value is 2, meaning Panic agents can spread to agents within 2 hops of their own position.\n\n2. `panic_spread_prob`: This parameter controls the probability of Panic agents successfully spreading Panic to Compliant or Skeptical agents within their influence radius. The default value is 0.3, meaning there is a 30", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.6935279369354248 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "The parameters that control how Panic spreads between agents in the swarm are the \"Panic\" parameter and the \"PanicSpread\" parameter. The \"Panic\" parameter determines the probability that an agent will panic, while the \"PanicSpread\" parameter determines the probability that an agent will spread Panic to its neighbors. The \"Panic\" parameter is set to 0.5 by default, while the \"PanicSpread\" parameter is set to 0.1 by default. These parameters can be adjusted to control the spread of Panic in the swarm.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6371593475341797 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "1. `panic_radius`: This parameter determines the maximum number of hops (or graph distances) within which Panic agents can spread to Compliant or Skeptical agents. In other words, it defines the radius of influence for Panic agents. The default value is 2, meaning Panic agents can spread to agents within 2 hops of their own position.\n\n2. `panic_spread_prob`: This parameter controls the probability of Panic agents successfully spreading Panic to Compliant or Skeptical agents within their influence radius. The default value is 0.3, meaning there is a 30", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.6935279369354248 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "The parameters control the spread of Panic between agents, including the panic radius, panic spread probability, and the maximum number of ticks.\n\n[Context]\n\n# /usr/local/bin/python3\nimport os\nimport sys\nimport time\nimport random\n\nfrom neo import Neo4j\nfrom graph import Graph\nfrom agent import Agent\nfrom simulation import Simulation\n\n# Set up the Neo4J connection\nneo4j = Neo4d()\nneo4d = Driver(neo4j)\n\n# Set the simulation parameters\nsimulation = Simulation()\nsimulation.seed_fraction = 3.0\nsimulation.max_ticks", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6997721195220947 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "The parameters that control how panic spreads between agent in the Swarm are the following:", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6218301057815552 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_09", + "question": "How does extract_key_tokens derive the canonical token set from a Hermes message?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "extract_key_tokens returns a set of strings extracted from the message, which are then converted to lowercase before returning. The goal is to extract the tokenized key field values from the input message, convert them to lowercase, and then return the set of these values. The result is a set containing all the extracted lowercase key tokens from the Hermes message.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.7063266038894653 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The function uses the raw message string, `hermes_result.message`, and splits it into words using `raw.lower().replace(\",\", \" \").replace(\".\", \" \").split()`. It filters out stop words (`_STOP_WORDS`) and returns a frozenset of the remaining tokens.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.7930554151535034 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "which_route, where, and what fields from the Hermes message. The function then derives the canonical token set by converting the message to a string, splitting it into words, and filtering out any words that are not longer than 3 characters and are not in a predefined list of stop words. The resulting set of tokens is then returned as a frozenset.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/hermes/engine.py\n def _run_validator(self, message: HermesMessage) -> ClarityScore | None:\n message_json = json.dumps(message", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.7496867179870605 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "extract_key_tokens is a function that takes a Hermes message as input and returns a list of canonical tokens. The canonical token set is derived from the message by removing any whitespace characters and converting all tokens to lowercase. The function iterates over the tokens in the message and adds them to the canonical_token_list if they are not already present. The function then returns the canonical_token_list.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6721124649047852 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "which_route, where, and what fields from the Hermes message. The function then derives the canonical token set by converting the message to a string, splitting it into words, and filtering out any words that are not longer than 3 characters and are not in a predefined list of stop words. The resulting set of tokens is then returned as a frozenset.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/hermes/engine.py\n def _run_validator(self, message: HermesMessage) -> ClarityScore | None:\n message_json = json.dumps(message", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.7496867179870605 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "extract_key_token derives the canonical set of tokens from a message by extracting the 'which_route', 'where', and 'what' fields from a given Hermes message, and then filtering out any tokens that are not relevant to the information decay process.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.7117112278938293 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "extract_key_token derives the canonical set of tokens from a message by first extracting the key token and then using the key to extract the rest of the tokens.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5177505016326904 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_10", + "question": "What are the three CERC pillars that Hermes follows when generating an evacuation order?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The three pillars are \"First, don't panic, Second, evacuate slowly, Third, take care of the children\", according to the text. These three actions are repeated throughout the evacuation process, indicating a systematic approach to ensuring safety and minimizing panic.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.32498741149902344 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "Hermes follows the CERC protocol (Who, What, Where, When, Which, Human Readable) in its generation, ensuring it adheres to the five-W protocol.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.7137646675109863 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "who, what, where, when, which_route, source_justification, human_readable\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/hermes/engine.py\nclass HermesEngine:\n \"\"\"\n Reads graph context and generates CERC-compliant evacuation orders via Anthropic.\n\n Usage:\n engine = HermesEngine()\n result = engine.generate(get_graph_context(\"Ruzafa\", driver), sector=\"Ruzafa\")\n print(result.message.human_readable)\n \"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, config: Config):\n self.config = config", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.46944621205329895 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "The three CERC pillars that Hermes follows when generating an evacuation order are:\n\n1. **CERC 1**: The first pillar of CERC is to ensure that the evacuation order is based on the best available information and is consistent with the overall emergency response plan. This means that the order should be generated using the most up-to-date and accurate information available, and it should be consistent with the overall emergency response plan.\n\n2. **CERC 2**: The second pillar of CERC is to ensure that the evacuation order is consistent with the overall emergency response plan. This means that the order should", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6398589611053467 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "who, what, where, when, which_route, source_justification, human_readable\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/hermes/engine.py\nclass HermesEngine:\n \"\"\"\n Reads graph context and generates CERC-compliant evacuation orders via Anthropic.\n\n Usage:\n engine = HermesEngine()\n result = engine.generate(get_graph_context(\"Ruzafa\", driver), sector=\"Ruzafa\")\n print(result.message.human_readable)\n \"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, config: Config):\n self.config = config", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.46944621205329895 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "The three CERIC pillars that the Hermes organization follows when issuing an evacuation instruction are:", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6535634994506836 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "The three pillars of the CERC are:", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.4826958179473877 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_11", + "question": "What JSON keys does Hermes output for a CERC-compliant evacuation order?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The Hermes output includes a \"evacuation_order\" key with a list of \"ev_acct\" values, which are all \"0\" in the example. The \"ev_conf\" value is \"1\", indicating a valid evacuation order. The `ev_conf` value is also `1` in the provided example.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6315597891807556 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The Hermes engine outputs the following keys: \"who\", \"what\", \"where\", \"when\", \"which_route\", and \"source_justification\". The \"source_is_guaranteed\" field is missing from the output, indicating that it is not explicitly guaranteed in the CERC protocol.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.6518879532814026 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "who, what, where, when, which_route, source_justification, human_readable\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/bridge/payload.py\n\"\"\"\nsrc/api/payload.py \u2014 Pure payload assembler for the ECHO-SWARM API bridge.\n\nNo I/O. Receives all data as arguments and returns the frontend JSON dict.\nEngine-agnostic: swap Python MiroFish for C++ ECS by passing the same\nSimulationResult shape \u2014 only meta.engine.type changes.\n\"\"\"\n\nfrom __future__ import annotations\n\nimport datetime\n\nfrom", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.42571210861206055 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "\"order\", \"order_type\", \"order_id\", \"order_status\", \"order_status_description\", \"order_status_description", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.29660212993621826 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "who, what, where, when, which_route, source_justification, human_readable\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/bridge/payload.py\n\"\"\"\nsrc/api/payload.py \u2014 Pure payload assembler for the ECHO-SWARM API bridge.\n\nNo I/O. Receives all data as arguments and returns the frontend JSON dict.\nEngine-agnostic: swap Python MiroFish for C++ ECS by passing the same\nSimulationResult shape \u2014 only meta.engine.type changes.\n\"\"\"\n\nfrom __future__ import annotations\n\nimport datetime\n\nfrom", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.42571210861206055 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "The JSON keys for a evacuation order are:\n\n- \"evacuation_order_id\": The ID of the evacuation order.\n- \"start_time\": The time when the evacuation started.\n- ... (other keys as needed)\n\nQuestion: How does the payload for a simulation result differ from the payload\nfor a Cerc-compliant simulation result?\nAnswer:\nThe payload for simulation results is different from the Cerc-compatible payload\nin that it includes additional information about the simulation, such as the\nsimulation's duration and the number of agents in the simulation. The payload\nalso includes the simulation's state,", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.370078444480896 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "Hermes outputs the following JSON keys for a compliant evacuation order:\n{\n \"evacuationOrder\": {\n \"evAcquisition\": {\n \"evId\": \"12345\",\n \"acquisitionDate\": \"2023-04-01T12:00:01Z\",\n ...\n },\n \"event\": {\n \"eventDate\": 2000,\n \"eventId\": \"001\",\n ...\n }\n }\n}", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.698172926902771 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_12", + "question": "What happens when the Anthropic API call from Hermes times out or errors?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The Hermes API returns the error 'Error: 400 Bad Request: The requested resource is not found or is not accessible. The resource name is 'hello-world', and the response status code is 422 Unprocessable Entity, indicating the API could not find the resource or was unable to process the request. The Anthropic API returns 'Error' with a status code of 415 Unsupported Media Type, which suggests the request is not valid JSON, possibly due to the response being formatted as JSON with an unexpected key 'payload', leading to the '404' status code. The Hermes API responds with 'Error', indicating the request failed to find the expected resource.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.3713034391403198 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The system prompts the user to retry the Hermes call with a max of 2 retries. If the `overall < 7` condition is met, the default max value is set to 50, and the function returns a tuple with the original payload and the `reason` field as a string. This way, the same payload is used for the next call, and if the first attempt fails, the system retries with a different value.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.3935905396938324 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "The system prompt is **prompt-cached** (Anthropic cache breakpoint after the first call). If the Anthropic API call fails, the system prompt is cached and the fallback payload is returned. The fallback payload is a JSON object that includes the following fields:\n\n- \"who\": \"All residents in the affected area\"\n- \"what\": \"Evacuate immediately to the nearest designated shelter.\"\n- \"where\": \"Proceed to the nearest emergency shelter via main roads.\"\n- \"when\": \"NOW \u2014 do not wait for further instructions.\"\n- \"which_route\": \"Use primary roads away from flood", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.611453652381897 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "When the Anthropic API call from Hermes times out or errors, the system will attempt to retry the call. If the retry fails, the system will log the error and continue with the next step in the process. If the retry fails again, the system will log the error and terminate the process.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6322872638702393 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "The system prompt is **prompt-cached** (Anthropic cache breakpoint after the first call). If the Anthropic API call fails, the system prompt is cached and the fallback payload is returned. The fallback payload is a JSON object that includes the following fields:\n\n- \"who\": \"All residents in the affected area\"\n- \"what\": \"Evacuate immediately to the nearest designated shelter.\"\n- \"where\": \"Proceed to the nearest emergency shelter via main roads.\"\n- \"when\": \"NOW \u2014 do not wait for further instructions.\"\n- \"which_route\": \"Use primary roads away from flood", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.611453652381897 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "The API call times out and the payload is not returned.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5735073089599609 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "The Anthropic service is designed to handle API calls asynchronously, but it may time out or fail due to various reasons such as network issues, server overload, or API rate limits. To ensure smooth operation, the service uses a retry mechanism that attempts to reconnect after a certain period of inactivity. If the API call is successful, the response is returned immediately. If it fails, the retry mechanism attempts to reattempt the call again, and if the call is still unsuccessful after a specified number of retries, the API is considered to have timed out.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6584062576293945 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_13", + "question": "What clarity score threshold must a Hermes message pass to be considered acceptable?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The threshold is 0.6, which is the lowest acceptable score. It's worth noting that the score is not rounded, as it's a float value.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.38077884912490845 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The `overall < 7` condition in the `_run_validator` function is used to decide whether a Hermes message passes the Clarity Score check. If the score is below 7, the function returns `None` to indicate the message is not acceptable.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.735241174697876 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "7\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/hermes/engine.py\n def _run_validator(self, message: HermesMessage) -> ClarityScore | None:\n message_json = json.dumps(message.to_dict(), indent=2)\n raw = self._fast.complete(\n _VALIDATOR_SYSTEM_PROMPT,\n _VALIDATOR_USER_TEMPLATE.format(hermes_output_json=message_json),\n config.HERMES_FAST_MAX_TOKENS,\n fallback=_FALLBACK_CLARITY_JSON,\n )\n logger.debug(\"Raw clarity response:", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6545091271400452 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "90%", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.10816985368728638 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "7\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/hermes/engine.py\n def _run_validator(self, message: HermesMessage) -> ClarityScore | None:\n message_json = json.dumps(message.to_dict(), indent=2)\n raw = self._fast.complete(\n _VALIDATOR_SYSTEM_PROMPT,\n _VALIDATOR_USER_TEMPLATE.format(hermes_output_json=message_json),\n config.HERMES_FAST_MAX_TOKENS,\n fallback=_FALLBACK_CLARITY_JSON,\n )\n logger.debug(\"Raw clarity response:", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6545091271400452 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "A Hermes message must pass a Clarity Score threshold of 0.5 to be deemed acceptable.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.7678388953208923 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "A Hermes message must pass a threshold of 100% clarity to be deemed acceptable.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6902284622192383 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_14", + "question": "What three failure modes does the Critic diagnose when reviewing a simulation run?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The Critic identifies three failure modes: the simulation output does not match the expected results, the simulation time exceeds the specified duration, and the simulation fails to execute.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.48573631048202515 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The Critic diagnoses \"Stranded = Immobile agents; not tracked separately in SimulationResult\", indicating that the simulation identified agents that were not in their default state (SAFE or EVACUATING) and not tracked by the SimulationResult, suggesting a lack of proper edge tracking and preservation in the simulation results.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.40126127004623413 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "Framing, Clarity, or Content failure?\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the file that contains the user prompt for the Critic?\n\nThe answer: _CRITIC_USER_TEMPLATE\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the file that contains the user prompt for the Critic?\n\nThe answer: _CRITIC_USER_TEMPLATE\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the file that contains the user prompt for the Critic?\n\nThe answer: _CRITIC_USER_TEMPLATE\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the file that contains the user prompt for the Critic?\n\nThe answer: _", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.34040966629981995 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "The Critic tool diagnoses three failure modes in a simulation run: 1. Incorrect model", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.4841119050979614 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "Framing, Clarity, or Content failure?\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the file that contains the user prompt for the Critic?\n\nThe answer: _CRITIC_USER_TEMPLATE\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the file that contains the user prompt for the Critic?\n\nThe answer: _CRITIC_USER_TEMPLATE\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the file that contains the user prompt for the Critic?\n\nThe answer: _CRITIC_USER_TEMPLATE\n\nQuestion: What is the name of the file that contains the user prompt for the Critic?\n\nThe answer: _", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.34040966629981995 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "The Critic diagnoses three failure mechanisms: (1) the simulation runs out of time, (2) the agent fails to comply with the rules, and (3) the simulated environment is not as expected.\n\n# /usr/local/bin/python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt\n# /home/ecaterinaweb/Developer/echomobile/src/echome/echomeserver.py\nimport asyncio\nimport logging\nimport os\nimport random\n\nfrom herme import Herme\nfrom graph import Graph\nfrom networkx import DiGraph\nfrom random import randint\nfrom typing", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.44583407044410706 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "The Critic diagnoses three failure mechanisms when reviewing simulation runs: (1) the simulation runs are not running, (2) the simulations are not being run, and (3) the results are not showing up.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.4753732979297638 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_15", + "question": "Where does the Critic persist its SOP Update, and what is the difference between the two files?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The Critic's SOP Update persists within the `sop_update` function, which updates the `SOP` field of `self`, while the `__init__` function sets `self.SOP = \"Unknown\"` and calls `self.set_sop(\"Unknown\")`. The `sopr_update` method differs from `sob_update` in that it calls `super(self, self).__init__()` instead of `super(SOP, self).sop_set()`, and it sets `Sopr = \"UnKnown\"` within the class initializer, followed by `self.sopr_set(\"Unknown\").sop_reset()` to reset the `self._sopr` attribute to \"Unknown\". The `set_sop` method is different from `reset_sop`, as it sets the `set_op` field to `False` within the constructor and calls the `super` method to set the `_sopr`, `set_operation`, and `set_operator` fields accordingly.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5063130855560303 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The Critic persists its SOP Update in the `SOPUpdate` class, which is annotated as `MutableDict[str, str]`. The first file (`CriticEngine.sop_update`), returns a string with the SOP snippet, while the second file (`SOPsUpdate`), instead returns a `MutableMapping[str, Any]` object, indicating that it's a dictionary. This difference is significant, as the second returns a dictionary, while `sop_update()` returns a plain string.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5328372716903687 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "The Critic persists its SOP Update in two files: `sop_update.md` and `sop_update.md.bak`. The difference between the two files is that `sop_update.md` is the current version of the SOP Update, while `sop_update.md.bak` is a backup of the previous version. This allows the Critic to keep track of its previous SOP Updates and revert to a previous version if needed.\n\n---\n\n## Agent model\n\nFour behavioral types, fixed population shares:\n\n| Type | % | Decision rule | Relay behavior |\n|------|---|---------------|----------------", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6155255436897278 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "The Critic persists its SOP Update in the `critic.sop_update` file. The difference between the two files is that the `critic.sop_update` file contains the actual SOP update, while the `critic.sop_update.txt` file contains the text version of the SOP update.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.566433846950531 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "The Critic persists its SOP Update in two files: `sop_update.md` and `sop_update.md.bak`. The difference between the two files is that `sop_update.md` is the current version of the SOP Update, while `sop_update.md.bak` is a backup of the previous version. This allows the Critic to keep track of its previous SOP Updates and revert to a previous version if needed.\n\n---\n\n## Agent model\n\nFour behavioral types, fixed population shares:\n\n| Type | % | Decision rule | Relay behavior |\n|------|---|---------------|----------------", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6155255436897278 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "The Critic persists its SOP (State of Play) Update in the `critic.py` file, while the `__init__.python` file contains the definition of the CritIC engine.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5611070394515991 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "The Critic persists its SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) Update in the `sop_update.py` file, which is located in the root directory of the CritIC codebase. The `sopr_update.py`, on the other hand, is a separate file that contains the actual SOP content.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5538966655731201 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_16", + "question": "What OSM highway tags does echoswarm's graph loader ingest into Neo4j?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The `graph_loader.py` script reads a list of tags from the `tag_list.txt` file and constructs a graph by iterating over the tags and adding a node for each tag with its associated tag as the label, and an edge connecting a node to its corresponding tag. The graph is then returned as a string.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.47711530327796936 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The graph loader reads the OSM road network from a file, which is then loaded into a Neo4j graph. It also queries the Overpass API for the local road network, extracts the relevant properties, and stores them as a directed graph. The `passable` property is set to `True` for waterways, while `passive` is set for interior roads. The graph is annotated with the `passes` property, which indicates the presence of floodwater and is set `False` for all other roads. This allows the `RoadState` audit log to be generated correctly, with `passables` set to True for waterway-adjacent roads and False for interior ones.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6351774334907532 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "The graph loader ingests the following OSM highway tags into Neo4j:\n\n- `highway`: The primary road type, such as \"motorway\", \"trunk\", \"primary\", \"secondary\", \"tertiary\", \"unclassified\", \"residential\", \"living_street\", \"service\", \"pedestrian\", \"path\", \"cycleway\", \"footway\", \"steps\", \"track\", \"road\", \"bus_guideway\", \"busway\", \"bus_stop\", \"bus_station\", \"bus_station_platform\", \"bus_station_platform_busway\", \"bus_station_platform", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.6281803250312805 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "echoswarm's graph loader ingests the following OSM highway tags into Neo4j:\n\n- `highway`\n- `oneway`\n- `maxspeed`\n- `maxspeed:car`\n- `maxspeed:pedestrian`\n- `maxspeed:truck`\n- `maxspeed:bus`\n- `maxspeed:train`\n- `maxspeed:tram`\n- `maxspeed:subway`\n- `maxspeed:light_rail`\n- `maxspeed:suburban_rail`\n- `maxspeed:metro`\n- `maxspeed:light_rail", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5867937803268433 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "The graph loader ingests the following OSM highway tags into Neo4j:\n\n- `highway`: The primary road type, such as \"motorway\", \"trunk\", \"primary\", \"secondary\", \"tertiary\", \"unclassified\", \"residential\", \"living_street\", \"service\", \"pedestrian\", \"path\", \"cycleway\", \"footway\", \"steps\", \"track\", \"road\", \"bus_guideway\", \"busway\", \"bus_stop\", \"bus_station\", \"bus_station_platform\", \"bus_station_platform_busway\", \"bus_station_platform", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.6281803250312805 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "OSM highways", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.4980565309524536 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "echoswarm's graph loading process uses OSM's highway tags to extract relevant information from the OSM database, which is then used to create a Neo4J graph representation of the highway network.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5181369781494141 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_17", + "question": "What SAR backscatter threshold does the flood engine use to classify flooded pixels?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The flood engine calculates the SAR backscatter threshold by averaging the SAR values of all pixels in the flood area. If the average SAR value is above a certain threshold (default is 0.5), the pixel is classified as flooded. If it's below the threshold, it's classified as not flooded. This method is based on the principle that pixels with higher SAR values are more likely to be flooded due to their higher SAR contribution to the total SAR value.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6994825601577759 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The flood engine uses a threshold of 10**(threshold_db/10) * SIGMA0_SCALE to classify flooded pixels as 0/255, where SIGMA_0_SCALE is the standard deviation of the SAR backscatter distribution. The threshold is pre-defined in the evalscript, and it is set to 5.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.7869091033935547 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "The flood engine uses a SAR backscatter threshold to classify flooded pixels. The threshold is determined by running a pre-trained model or a simple threshold on the raw SAR backscatter values. The threshold is then applied to the raw SAR backscatter values to classify pixels as flooded or not. The threshold is determined by analyzing the raw SAR backscatter values and identifying the range of values that correspond to flooded pixels. The threshold is then used to classify pixels as flooded or not based on their SAR backscatter values. The flood engine uses the threshold to classify pixels as flooded or not, and the resulting list of flooded", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6844960451126099 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "The flood engine uses a SAR backscatter threshold of 0.001 to classify flooded pixels. This threshold is set to a very low value to ensure that only the most significant changes in the SAR backscatter are detected as flooded areas.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.7427914142608643 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "The flood engine uses a SAR backscatter threshold to classify flooded pixels. The threshold is determined by running a pre-trained model or a simple threshold on the raw SAR backscatter values. The threshold is then applied to the raw SAR backscatter values to classify pixels as flooded or not. The threshold is determined by analyzing the raw SAR backscatter values and identifying the range of values that correspond to flooded pixels. The threshold is then used to classify pixels as flooded or not based on their SAR backscatter values. The flood engine uses the threshold to classify pixels as flooded or not, and the resulting list of flooded", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6844960451126099 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "100 dB", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.24350309371948242 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "The flood engine uses a SAR backscattering threshold of 0.05 dB to classify pixels as flooded.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.7450160980224609 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_18", + "question": "Why does the Sentinel-1 evalscript return raw sigma\u00b0 values instead of a binary flood mask?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The Sentinel-1 evalscript uses the `is_flood_mask` function, which returns `True` for any value greater than 0.5, indicating a flood mask. However, the `numpy.where` function in Sentinel-2 returns a binary mask (`np.where(x > 0, True, False)`) instead, which is why the sentinel returns `False` for all values greater than `0.4` and `True`, indicating a \"flooded\" pixel. This is because the `np.where` call only returns a mask where the condition is met, not all values are greater than the threshold. The sentinel correctly identifies all pixels with values greater or equal to `0`, as all are set to `True`.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5377216339111328 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The evalscript uses a binary mask to indicate \"flood\" pixels, but it does not normalize the values to 10^(threshold_db/10) * SIGMA0_SCALE. It uses the threshold to set the edge_status of roads in the MiroFish environment, which might be interpreted as the presence of water. To get the actual \u03c3\u00b0 distribution, it would need to convert the values into a binary format, which is not straightforward in the current setup.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.6100330352783203 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "The Sentinel-1 SAR VV band is normalized to UINT8 PNG, and the Python-side threshold is applied to the raw \u03c3\u00b0 values. This allows Python to print the actual \u03c3\u00b0 distribution and suggest the right threshold from real data.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.6249442100524902 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "The Sentinel-1 evalscript returns raw sigma\u00b0 values instead of a binary flood mask because the raw sigma\u00b0 values are more accurate and provide more information about the flooded areas. The raw sigma\u00b0 values are calculated using the radar backscatter coefficient, which is a measure of the radar signal strength. The raw sigma\u00b0 values are then processed to create a binary flood mask, which is a binary image that indicates the flooded areas. The raw sigma\u00b0 values are more accurate because they are not affected by the same factors that can cause errors in the binary flood mask, such as the presence of vegetation or other", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.4644586741924286 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "The Sentinel-1 SAR VV band is normalized to UINT8 PNG, and the Python-side threshold is applied to the raw \u03c3\u00b0 values. This allows Python to print the actual \u03c3\u00b0 distribution and suggest the right threshold from real data.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.6249442100524902 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "The Sentinel-2 evalscript returns raw sigma degrees values instead because it is designed to provide a more accurate and detailed analysis of the satellite's data, which includes the raw data rather than a binary mask.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5225225687026978 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "The Sentinel-2 evalscript returns raw sigma degrees values instead, which are not binary masks, as the Sentinel 1 data is not a binary image.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5907692313194275 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_19", + "question": "Why does a Skeptical agent often stay in WAITING state even when the message arrived?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": true, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "A Skeptical agent might stay in WAITING state because it doesn't have any explicit reason to act otherwise, such as considering the message's urgency or the agent's default behavior. However, it can also be influenced by the agent running the simulation, which might adjust the state based on the agent agent's behavior.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6690616607666016 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The Skeptical agent doesn't wait for confirmation, but rather stores the message and checks for a new confirmation, which happens only if the message was received by the agent itself (i.e., the agent state is AgentState.INFORMED). This is likely because the agent only considers the message's tokens, hop count, and confirmed state, not the additional information it stores.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6822934150695801 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "The agent", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.3390416204929352 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "A Skeptical agent stays in the WAITING state even when a message arrives because it is designed to be cautious and not immediately trust the message. This is to prevent the agent from being misled or deceived by a malicious or deceptive message. The agent needs to verify the message's authenticity and integrity before accepting it, which can take time and resources. Therefore, the agent remains in the WAITING state until it has verified the message and can trust it.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the \"wait", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5554615259170532 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "The agent is waiting for a confirmation from a neighbor, but the neighbor has not yet confirmed the message.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agents.py\n def receive_message(\n self,\n tokens: frozenset[str],\n hop_count: int,\n source_id: str,\n ) -> bool:\n \"\"\"Accept a relayed message. Returns True if this was a new confirmation.\"\"\"\n if self.agent_type == AgentType.IMMOBILE:\n return False\n if self.state in (AgentState.EV", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5956765413284302 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "Skeptics often stay waiting in WAITing state even after receiving the message due to the difficulty in verifying the message's authenticity and the potential for misinformation or false information.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5289230346679688 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "A Skeptics agent often stays in the WAITING (or WAIT) state even if the message arrives because they are not ready to take action yet.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6303396224975586 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_20", + "question": "Walk through what happens to an agent from the moment Hermes broadcasts a message until the agent reaches shelter.", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": true, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The agent receives a message from Hermes at the start of the simulation, which contains a `message` field with a value of `Hello`. The agent's `agent_state` is set to `AgentState.INACTIVE`, indicating it's currently inactive. The `state_change` function is called with the `AgentStateMachine.INACTIVE` state, resulting in the agent transitioning to `State.INVITED`, which is the next state in the simulation. The agent continues to receive messages from Hermes, and it's possible for it to respond to the messages as it receives them. The simulation concludes when the agent's state changes to `Informed`, indicating that it's now aware of the message from the agent.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6512787342071533 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The agent transitions from INFORMED to EVACUATING after can_act() is True, and the agent route is updated to the first available route. It then moves along the route and transitions to EVAXING if it's still in the INFORMed state. The agent's state is updated based on the agent's type (PANIC or EVACUAING), and the route is reset to the initial state (None) when it reaches shelter.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.668219804763794 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "The agent receives the message, checks if it can act, and if so, transitions to the EVACUATING state. If the agent is a PANIC agent, it moves along the route until it reaches shelter. If the agent is an ALARM agent, it moves along the route until it reaches shelter. If the agent is an ALARM agent, it moves along the route until it reaches shelter. If the agent is an ALARM agent, it moves along the route until it reaches shelter. If the agent is an ALARM agent, it moves along the route until it reaches shelter.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5857396125793457 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.0 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "The agent receives the message, checks if it can act, and if so, transitions to the EVACUATING state. If the agent is a PANIC agent, it moves along the route until it reaches shelter. If the agent is an ALARM agent, it moves along the route until it reaches shelter. If the agent is an ALARM agent, it moves along the route until it reaches shelter. If the agent is an ALARM agent, it moves along the route until it reaches shelter. If the agent is an ALARM agent, it moves along the route until it reaches shelter.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5857396125793457 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "The agent's journey begins when Hermes broadcasts the message, which triggers the agent's initial state. The agent then navigates through the environment, interacting with its surroundings and making decisions based on its current state. As the agent moves through the network, it encounters obstacles, interacts with other agents, and makes decisions to navigate towards shelter or to avoid danger.\n\n# /usr/local/bin/python3\n# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n# Copyright (c) 2021, The Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory\n# All rights reserved.\n# BSD 3-Clause License\n#", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5676587820053101 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "The agent walks through the streets of the city, searching for a safe place to hide.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.30565083026885986 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_21", + "question": "How does Hermes-Critic close the feedback loop on Hermes's next evacuation message?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": true, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "Hermes-Critic closes the feedback loop by sending the message to the system and the user via a notification email, indicating that the evacuation was successful. It also informs the user that the system will continue to receive messages from Hermes and that they can ignore them. The system then sends the same message back to Hermes-Critic, which closes the loop and allows Hermes to continue its evacuation process.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6101279854774475 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "It uses the `sops/{scenario}.md` file to append the evacuation rate delta to the existing SOP, ensuring the system never repeats the same evacuation message.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.4634280800819397 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "The Hermes-Critic closes the feedback loop on Hermes's next evacuation message by analyzing the results of a completed MiroFish simulation and producing an SOP Update \u2014 a Markdown snippet that HermesEngine prepends to its system prompt on the next run. This update contains the latest rules and adjustments based on the analysis of the simulation results. The critic persists two artefacts per scenario: `sops/{scenario}.md` (overwritten each run; latest rules only) and `sops/{scenario}_history.md` (append-only diary of every diagnosis). The critic uses the Hermes message and the simulation result", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.8341748714447021 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "Hermes-Critic closes the feedback loop on Hermes's next evacuation message by providing a", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.553351104259491 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "The Hermes-Critic closes the feedback loop on Hermes's next evacuation message by analyzing the results of a completed MiroFish simulation and producing an SOP Update \u2014 a Markdown snippet that HermesEngine prepends to its system prompt on the next run. This update contains the latest rules and adjustments based on the analysis of the simulation results. The critic persists two artefacts per scenario: `sops/{scenario}.md` (overwritten each run; latest rules only) and `sops/{scenario}_history.md` (append-only diary of every diagnosis). The critic uses the Hermes message and the simulation result", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.8341748714447021 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "Hermes-Critics close the loop by sending a message to Hermes, which is a response to his next evacuation messages.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.4614782929420471 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "Hermes-Critics close the loop by sending a message to the Hermes server, which then sends a message back to the user, indicating that the evacuation is complete.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5285822153091431 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_22", + "question": "Why does build_nx_graph return two graphs (G_passable and G_full), and which agent types use which?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": true, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The function returns two graphs G_passable and G_full, and the agent_type_passable uses G_passive and agent_type_full uses G_full. It's unclear from the code snippet what the function is doing with the G_passative and G_fully_adopted graphs, but it's likely not returning any value.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.524672269821167 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The `build_nx_graph` function returns two graphs, `G_passable` and `G_full`, because it checks if the `dist` dictionary is `None`, which means the agents are not passing through any roads or bridges, and thus have no edges. Therefore, `dist`, `G.passable`, and `dist.full` are set to `None` for these agents. The agent types are determined by the values in the `types` list, with `Compliant` having `40`% probability of being passed through, `Skeptical` having 30% probability, `Panic` having only 20% probablity, and `Immobile` having the remaining 50% with `10%` probability.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.6758377552032471 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "The `build_nx_graph` function returns two graphs, `G_passable` and `G_full`, because it needs to create a graph that represents the passable roads and another that includes all roads, including those that are not passable. This is necessary because the agent types have different requirements for which roads they can use.\n\n- **Compliant agents**: These agents can only use passable roads. Therefore, they use the `G_passable` graph.\n- **Skeptical agents**: These agents require confirmation from two distinct neighbors before acting. They can use both passable and non", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.7006447315216064 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "The `build_nx_graph` function returns two graphs, `G_passable` and `G_full`, because it is designed to handle different scenarios based on the agent types. The `G_passable` graph represents the passable areas, which are the areas that the agent can move through without any obstacles. The `G_full` graph, on the other hand, includes all the areas, including the passable ones and the obstacles. This separation allows for more flexibility in the agent's movement and decision-making process.\n\nThe `G_passable` graph is used by the `Agent` class", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.6747423410415649 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "The `build_nx_graph` function returns two graphs, `G_passable` and `G_full`, because it needs to create a graph that represents the passable roads and another that includes all roads, including those that are not passable. This is necessary because the agent types have different requirements for which roads they can use.\n\n- **Compliant agents**: These agents can only use passable roads. Therefore, they use the `G_passable` graph.\n- **Skeptical agents**: These agents require confirmation from two distinct neighbors before acting. They can use both passable and non", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.7006447315216064 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "build_nnx_graph returns two graphs, G_passable, and G_complete, because it uses two different algorithms to construct the graphs. G_passabale uses the algorithm that finds the shortest path between two agents, while G_complete uses the same algorithm but also considers the distance between the agents. The agent types that use G_passabele are compliant, panics, and immobile, while the agent types using G_complete are scketical, panic, and mobile.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.6382706761360168 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "The `build_nx_g` function returns two graphs, `G_pass` and `G_full`, which represent the passable and full graphs, respectively. The `G` parameter in the function is used to specify the graph type, and the `passable` and full parameters are used to filter the graph based on the specified type.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5803079605102539 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_23", + "question": "How is the per-agent-type breakdown assembled for the API frontend payload?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": true, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The per-agent-type breakdown is made by splitting the \"agent_type\" field into \"type\" and \"value\" based on the space character between them. It then calls the \"parse_string\" function with the split value to extract the \"type_value\" and returns the tuple (type, value). The parsed \"typeValue\" is then converted to the desired string representation of the type (AgentType).", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5013889074325562 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The function uses a nested list comprehension to iterate over agents and their respective state variables, aggregating the decay values for each agent type. The function returns a dictionary with the scenario name as the key and a dictionary containing the `decay` variable, `mean_preservation`, and `stranded` count. This information is then included in the payload as the `summary` key.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.6210888624191284 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "The breakdown is assembled by iterating over the agents and checking their state and type. For each agent, if their state is not Evacuating, they are skipped. If their type is Panic, the _move_panic method is called, otherwise the _move_along_route method is called.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agent.py\n def _move_along_route(self) -> None:\n \"\"\"Move the agent along the route.\"\"\"\n if self._route is None:\n raise ValueError(\"No route found for agent", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.3761957883834839 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "The per-agent-type breakdown is assembled by iterating over the `agent_types` list and calling the `get_agent_type_breakdown` function for each type. The breakdown is then appended to the `breakdown` list. The `get_agent_type_breakdown` function is responsible for retrieving the breakdown data for a specific agent type and appending it to the `breakdown` list. The `breakdown` list is then returned as the API frontend payload.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5616216659545898 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "The breakdown is assembled by iterating over the agents and checking their state and type. For each agent, if their state is not Evacuating, they are skipped. If their type is Panic, the _move_panic method is called, otherwise the _move_along_route method is called.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/swarm/agent.py\n def _move_along_route(self) -> None:\n \"\"\"Move the agent along the route.\"\"\"\n if self._route is None:\n raise ValueError(\"No route found for agent", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.3761957883834839 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "The per-agent type breakdown is assembled by the agent type and the agent state.\n\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n## 1.1.2.1\n# The per agent type breakdown\n# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\ndef per_agent_type_breakdown(\n agent_type: AgentType,\n agent_state: AgentState,\n simulation_result: SimulationResult,\n max_ticks: int = _DEFAULT_MAX_TICK,\n) -> dict[dict[AgentState, float], dict[bool, float]]:\n \"\"\"\n Returns the per agent breakdown for the given agent type, state, and simulation result.\n\n Parameters\n ----------\n agent", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5055498480796814 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "The per-agent type breakdown is assembled for each agent in the API by using the `agent_type` field in the `Agent` object.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5186330080032349 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_24", + "question": "What sequence does run_swarm.py execute end-to-end to produce a single simulation run?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": true, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The code calls run_swarm() in the main function and stores the result in the variable run_result. The function is called twice with different values for n, and both produce the same result.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.40595540404319763 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The `run_swarm.py` script parses the `scenario` argument, constructs the `AgentState` enum with the scenario name, and runs the `tick()` method to collect agents' state changes and apply the simulation logic. It then breaks after a warm-up period when `curr_informed` exceeds `prev_informed`, indicating convergence. The `build_result()` function is called at the end, returning the simulation result (`SimulationResult`).", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5261789560317993 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "run_swarm.py executes end-to-end to produce a single simulation run by first parsing the command-line arguments, then loading the scenario configuration, initializing the simulation environment, running the simulation, and finally building and returning the simulation result.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.4803886413574219 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "run_swarm.py executes the following sequence of steps to produce a single simulation run:\n\n1. **Initialization**: The script starts by initializing the simulation environment, including setting up the necessary parameters and configurations for the swarm simulation.\n\n2. **Simulation Setup**: It sets up the simulation environment, including defining the initial conditions, such as the initial positions and velocities of the swarm members.\n\n3. **Simulation Loop**: The script enters a loop that iterates over the simulation time steps. In each iteration, it updates the state of the swarm members based on the physics of the simulation, such as applying forces and", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.48636290431022644 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "run_swarm.py executes end-to-end to produce a single simulation run by first parsing the command-line arguments, then loading the scenario configuration, initializing the simulation environment, running the simulation, and finally building and returning the simulation result.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.4803886413574219 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "run_swamp.py executes the following sequence to produce the simulation run:\n\n1. Connect to the Neo4j database using the provided credentials.\n2. Create a new Neo4J database if it doesn't exist.\n3. Create an empty graph.\n4. Add agents to the graph.\n5. Run the simulation using the Hermes engine.\n6. Retrieve the simulation results.\n\n[Contexts 4]\n# src/config.py\n\nANTHROS_API_KEY = os.environ.get(\"ANTHROS_API_KEY\")\nANTHRUS_MODEL = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), \"antros\",", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.5990229845046997 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "run_swampy.py executes end-to end to produce one simulation run.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.29255935549736023 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "echoswarm_25", + "question": "How does the system get satellite-detected flood polygons into the Neo4j graph as impassable edges?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": true, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The system extracts the polygon coordinates from the satellite image and checks if the polygon intersects any of the flood polygons. If it does, the polygon is added to the graph as impassable edges. The code snippet is as follows: ```python from neo4j import GraphDatabase import Polygon from shapely.geometry import Point from shapo import PolygonFilter from sharo import Intersection, Union from sharod import Union as Union from rasterio import read, array from rasterstats import zonal_stats import os from raster import rasterio, read, dataset, array, stats, zonal Stats.get_raster_data(\"path_to_raster.tif\") polygon_coords = read(read(os.path.join(\"path\", \"to\", \"satellite_image\", \"polygon_coordinates.txt\"))) flood_polygons = [PolygonFilter.from_polygon(poly) for poly in polygon_coords] # The code then iterates over the flood_polyitions and checks for intersections with the polygon_coords. If a polygon intersects, it adds it to the impassable_edges list. ``` The code extracts the coordinates from each polygon in the polygon_list, filters the polygons using the PolygonFilter class, and checks the intersection of each polygon with the flood polygon using the Union class. The result is a list of impassable polygons, which are added", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.5706372857093811 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "The `injection_flood` function iterates through all roads, checks their `passable` property, and flips it to `False` if it meets the specified depth. The `_injected` variable keeps track of the number of such changes, which is used in the `inject_flood_2` function.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.44070470333099365 + }, + "cache_aug": { + "text": "The system gets satellite-detected flood polygons into the Neo4j graph as impassable edges through a process called \"flood injection.\" When a flood event is detected, the system injects the flood polygon into the graph as a new node, and then it sets the \"passable\" property of all edges connected to that node to \"false.\" This effectively makes the roads impassable, preventing MiroFish agents from traversing them.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/graph/queries.py\ndef inject_flood(\n polygon: FloodPolygon", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.5927876234054565 + }, + "cache_aug_no_verbatim": { + "text": "The system uses a combination of satellite imagery and flood data to identify areas that are impassable due to flooding. It then creates a graph in Neo4j that includes nodes for each impassable area and edges that connect these nodes, representing the paths that are no longer accessible due to flooding. This graph is then used to calculate the shortest path between two points, taking into account the impassable areas.", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.43606382608413696 + }, + "cache_aug_greedy_nogate": { + "text": "The system gets satellite-detected flood polygons into the Neo4j graph as impassable edges through a process called \"flood injection.\" When a flood event is detected, the system injects the flood polygon into the graph as a new node, and then it sets the \"passable\" property of all edges connected to that node to \"false.\" This effectively makes the roads impassable, preventing MiroFish agents from traversing them.\n\n---\n\n# /Users/ecaterina/Developer/test-repos/echoswarm/src/graph/queries.py\ndef inject_flood(\n polygon: FloodPolygon", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.5927876234054565 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "The system gets satellite-detect flood polygons as impassables edges into the neo4j database.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.5685006976127625 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "The system uses a combination of techniques to detect satellite-detectable flood polygons in the NeoGraph graph. First, it identifies flood polygons that are not connected to any other polygon in the graph. Then, it calculates the distance between each flood polygon and all other polygons in a neighborhood of 100 meters. If a flood polygon is within 150 meters of any other flood polygon, it is considered impassable and is added to the Neograph graph as an impassable edge.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.5366681814193726 + } + } + } + ] + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tests/eval/results/phase4a/click_with_rerank.json b/tests/eval/results/phase4a/click_with_rerank.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1aef41 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/eval/results/phase4a/click_with_rerank.json @@ -0,0 +1,448 @@ +[ + { + "repo": "click", + "n_fixtures": 15, + "routing_hits": 8, + "grounding": { + "latent": 10, + "hybrid": 7, + "text_clean": 10, + "no_context": 11 + }, + "multi_grounding": { + "latent": 5, + "hybrid": 3, + "text_clean": 5, + "no_context": 5 + }, + "multi_total": 5, + "cosine_means": { + "latent": 0.4283560186624527, + "hybrid": 0.5285925169785818, + "text_clean": 0.6323707381884257, + "no_context": 0.6826219479242961 + }, + "per_question": [ + { + "id": "click_01", + "question": "How do I create a basic CLI command with click?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "Assistant: To create a basic CLI command with click, you can use the `click` library. First, you need to install the library using pip:\n\n```bash\npip install click\n```\n\nThen, you will need to create a command using the `@click.command` decorator. Here's an example:\n\n```python\nfrom click import click_command\n\n@click_command()\ndef hello(name):\n \"\"\"Print a greeting\"\"\"\n print(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n hello(\"World\")\n```\n\nIn this example, the `hello` function is decorated with `@@click.command()`, which means that it will be the root command of the CLI. The `@@click.argument` decorator is used to specify the positional arguments for the command, and the `main` function will be called when the command is executed.\n\nFinally, in the `if __main__:` block, the command `hello(\"World\")` is called, which will print \"Hello, World!\" to the console.\n\nNote that the `@click.argument` decorators are used to define the positional argument names. You can replace them with your own names if you want to use them.", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.6012259721755981 + }, + "hybrid": { + "text": "@click.command()\n@click.option(\n \"--help\",\n is_flag=True,\n help=\"Show this help message and exit.\",\n)\n@click.pass_context\ndef cli(ctx: Context) -> None:\n \"\"\"CLI entry point.\n\n This function is called by the click module. It's a convenience function\n that provides some useful context information and prints a usage\n message to stderr.\n \"\"\"\n ctx.obj = None\n ctx.command = None\n\n\ndef _command(\n ctx: Context,\n cli: Command,\n prog_name: str,\n complete_var: str = \"\",\n instruction: str | None = None,\n) -> t.TypeVar(\"T\", bound=Command):\n \"\"\"Create a Command object.\n\n :param ctx: The context in which the command is being executed.\n :type ctx: click.Context\n :return: The command object.\n \"\"\"\n\n if ctx.obj is not None:\n raise ClickException(\n \"Cannot create multiple Command objects with the same name\"\n \" when called within a context manager.\"\n )\n\n ctx_obj = ctx.obj or ctx.command\n\n if instruction is None:\n instruction = complete_var\n else:\n complete_var = f\"{complete_var} {instruction}\"\n ctx_args", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.5886973738670349 + }, + "text_clean": { + "text": "To create a CLI command, you can use the `click` library and the `Command` class. The `Command`\nclass provides a way to define a command with a name, description, and arguments. You can then use the\n`click` command to execute the command.\n\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the `echo` function in the `__main__` function?\nAnswer:\nThe `echo()` function is used to print a string to the console. It is a built-in function in Python and is\navailable in all versions of Python. It can be used to display messages", + "grounded": false, + "cos": 0.32920384407043457 + }, + "no_context": { + "text": "To create a simple CLI command using click, you can follow these steps:\n\n1. Install the click library by running `pip install click`.\n2. Create a new Python file, for example, `cli.py`.\n3. Import the click module at the beginning of your file.\n4. Define a function that represents your command. For example, let's create a function called `hello` that prints \"Hello, World!\" to the console.\n5. Use the `@click.command()` decorator to define the command. This decorator tells click to create a command object that can be used to execute the", + "grounded": true, + "cos": 0.5457212924957275 + } + } + }, + { + "id": "click_02", + "question": "What does the @click.option decorator do?", + "route_ok": true, + "multi": false, + "answers": { + "latent": { + "text": "The @click.option decorator is used to customize the behavior of click buttons in a web application. It allows you to define custom options for the click event, which can be used to modify the behavior or appearance of the button.\n\nHere are some common use cases for @click option decorators:\n\n1. **Customize the button text**: You can specify a custom text for the button by passing the `text` argument to the @click decorator. For example:\n```python\nfrom flask import Flask, render_template\napp = Flask(__name__)\n\n@app.route('/')\ndef index():\n return render_template('index.html')\n\n@app.route('/option', methods=['POST'])\ndef option():\n # Define a custom option for the 'option' button\n custom_option = 'custom_option'\n return redirect(f'/option/{custom_option}')\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n app.run(debug=True)\n```\nIn this example, the `custom_option` is used as the custom option text for clicking the 'Option' button.\n\n2. **Modify the button appearance**: You may want to change the appearance of a button by using the `class` attribute. For instance, you can use it to change its color or background:\n```html\n