techbase-python/lessons/lesson_12.html at main · techbaseng/techbase-python · GitHub

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Lesson 12: Python Dictionary Methods &amp; If/Elif/Else Conditions — Techbase Python</title>
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.se ul{list-style:none;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.45rem}
.se li{font-size:.95rem;opacity:.93;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem}
.ln-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.4rem;background:var(--sf);
  color:var(--t2);font-family:var(--D);font-weight:600;font-size:.88rem;
  padding:.7rem 1.3rem;border-radius:8px;text-decoration:none;
  border:1.5px solid var(--br);transition:border-color .2s,color .2s}
.ln-btn:hover{border-color:var(--acc);color:var(--acc)}
.ln-btn.primary{background:var(--acc);color:#fff;border-color:var(--acc)}
.ln-btn.primary:hover{opacity:.9}
.ln{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;
  padding-top:1.5rem;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);
  margin-top:1.5rem;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.75rem}

/* UNLOCK BUTTON */
.ub{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;background:var(--acc);
  color:#fff;font-family:var(--D);font-weight:700;font-size:.95rem;
  padding:.8rem 1.7rem;border-radius:10px;border:none;cursor:pointer;
  transition:transform .2s,box-shadow .2s;box-shadow:0 4px 14px var(--acs);margin-top:1.3rem}
.ub:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:0 8px 22px var(--acs)}
.ub:active{transform:scale(.97)}

/* TOAST */
#toast{position:fixed;bottom:95px;right:1.5rem;z-index:999;background:#1e293b;color:#fff;
  border-radius:10px;padding:.8rem 1.3rem;font-family:var(--D);font-size:.9rem;
  font-weight:600;box-shadow:0 8px 26px rgba(0,0,0,.25);
  transform:translateY(20px);opacity:0;transition:all .3s;pointer-events:none}
#toast.show{transform:translateY(0);opacity:1}

/* GO TO TOP */
#go-top{position:fixed;bottom:1.5rem;right:1.5rem;z-index:300;
  width:48px;height:48px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--acc);color:#fff;
  border:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:1.2rem;box-shadow:0 4px 16px var(--acs);
  display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;
  opacity:0;transform:translateY(10px);transition:opacity .3s,transform .3s,box-shadow .2s;
  pointer-events:none}
#go-top.visible{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0);pointer-events:auto}
#go-top:hover{box-shadow:0 8px 26px var(--acs);transform:translateY(-2px)}

/* CONFETTI */
#cc{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;pointer-events:none;z-index:998;display:none}

/* FOOTER */
.lf{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:1rem;
  padding:1.6rem 1.5rem;border-top:1px solid var(--br);background:var(--sf)}
.lf img{height:32px;width:auto;opacity:.7}
.lf-text{font-family:var(--M);font-size:.75rem;color:var(--mu)}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="l-nav">
  <a href="../index.html" class="nav-logo-wrap">
    <img src="data:image/png;base64,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" 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" alt="Techbase Consultant Services">
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      <div class="badge">Python · Lesson 12</div>
      <h1>Python Dictionary Methods &amp; If/Elif/Else Conditions</h1>
      <div class="l-hero-sub">26 phases &nbsp;·&nbsp; Build: Project Overview</div>
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  <div style="max-width:880px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 1.5rem"><div class="wb"><h2>👋 Welcome to Lesson 12</h2><div style="font-size:1rem;line-height:1.85;color:var(--t2)"><p class="v2-p">Welcome to Lesson 12! In this lesson, you will master two powerful areas of Python programming:</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Part 1 · Dictionary Methods:</strong> Python gives you a built-in toolkit of methods (special actions) that let you do powerful things with dictionaries · like safely reading values, adding new data, removing items, copying, and viewing keys/values in loops. You will learn all 11 official dictionary methods with clear examples.</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Part 2 · If / Elif / Else Conditions:</strong> Computers make decisions just like humans do. When you wake up and check if it is raining, you decide whether to carry an umbrella. Python does the same · using <code>if</code>, <code>elif</code>, and <code>else</code> to make decisions based on conditions. This section teaches you everything about decision-making in Python, from the simplest <code>if</code> check to multi-branch <code>elif</code> chains.</p>
<p class="v2-p">By the end of this lesson you will be able to:</p>
<ul class="v2-ul"><li>Use all 11 dictionary methods confidently</li><li>Write <code>if</code>, <code>elif</code>, and <code>else</code> statements correctly</li><li>Combine dictionaries with conditions to build smart, real-world programs</li><li>Complete a mini student report card project</li></ul>
<hr class="v2-hr"></div><div class="wm"><span>📚 26 phases</span><span>🏗️ Project Overview</span><span>🐍 GitHub Repo</span></div></div></div>
</section>

<main style="max-width:880px;margin:0 auto;padding:2rem 1.5rem 5rem">
<div class="phase" id="phase1"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 1 of 26</div><div class="pt">Lesson Introduction</div><div class="pc" id="chk1"></div></div><div class="pb2"><p class="v2-p">Welcome to Lesson 12! In this lesson, you will master two powerful areas of Python programming:</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Part 1 · Dictionary Methods:</strong> Python gives you a built-in toolkit of methods (special actions) that let you do powerful things with dictionaries · like safely reading values, adding new data, removing items, copying, and viewing keys/values in loops. You will learn all 11 official dictionary methods with clear examples.</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Part 2 · If / Elif / Else Conditions:</strong> Computers make decisions just like humans do. When you wake up and check if it is raining, you decide whether to carry an umbrella. Python does the same · using <code>if</code>, <code>elif</code>, and <code>else</code> to make decisions based on conditions. This section teaches you everything about decision-making in Python, from the simplest <code>if</code> check to multi-branch <code>elif</code> chains.</p>
<p class="v2-p">By the end of this lesson you will be able to:</p>
<ul class="v2-ul"><li>Use all 11 dictionary methods confidently</li><li>Write <code>if</code>, <code>elif</code>, and <code>else</code> statements correctly</li><li>Combine dictionaries with conditions to build smart, real-world programs</li><li>Complete a mini student report card project</li></ul>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>Lesson Introduction</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(1)">Start Lesson ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase2"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 2 of 26</div><div class="pt">What You Need to Know First (Prerequisites)</div><div class="pc" id="chk2"></div></div><div class="pb2"><p class="v2-p">Before continuing, make sure you are comfortable with these concepts. If any of them feel unfamiliar, here is a quick refresher:</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">What is a Dictionary?</h3>
<p class="v2-p">A <strong>dictionary</strong> is a Python data structure that stores information in <strong>key-value pairs</strong>. Think of it like a real-world dictionary: you look up a word (the key) and get its meaning (the value).</p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code># A simple dictionary
student = {
    &quot;name&quot;: &quot;Amara&quot;,
    &quot;age&quot;: 17,
    &quot;grade&quot;: &quot;A&quot;
}</code></pre></div></div>
<ul class="v2-ul"><li><code>"name"</code>, <code>"age"</code>, <code>"grade"</code> are <strong>keys</strong> · they are labels for your data</li><li><code>"Amara"</code>, <code>17</code>, <code>"A"</code> are <strong>values</strong> · they are the actual data</li></ul>
<p class="v2-p">You access a value using its key:</p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>print(student[&quot;name&quot;])   # Output: Amara
print(student[&quot;age&quot;])    # Output: 17</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="v2-h3">What is a Method?</h3>
<p class="v2-p">A <strong>method</strong> is a built-in action that belongs to a data type. You call it using a dot (<code>.</code>) after the variable name. For example:</p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>my_dict.keys()    # The keys() method belongs to dictionaries
my_list.append()  # The append() method belongs to lists</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p">Think of methods as the dictionary's own built-in tools.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">What is a Boolean?</h3>
<p class="v2-p">A <strong>Boolean</strong> is a value that is either <code>True</code> or <code>False</code>. This is the foundation of all conditions in Python.</p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>is_raining = True
is_sunny = False</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="v2-h3">What is a Comparison Operator?</h3>
<p class="v2-p">Comparison operators compare two values and produce a Boolean result (<code>True</code> or <code>False</code>):</p>
<div class="v2-table-wrap"><table class="v2-table"><thead><tr><th>Operator</th><th>Meaning</th><th>Example</th><th>Result</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>==</code></td><td>Equal to</td><td><code>5 == 5</code></td><td><code>True</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>!=</code></td><td>Not equal to</td><td><code>5 != 3</code></td><td><code>True</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>&gt;</code></td><td>Greater than</td><td><code>10 &gt; 3</code></td><td><code>True</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>&lt;</code></td><td>Less than</td><td><code>2 &lt; 8</code></td><td><code>True</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>&gt;=</code></td><td>Greater than or equal to</td><td><code>5 &gt;= 5</code></td><td><code>True</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>&lt;=</code></td><td>Less than or equal to</td><td><code>4 &lt;= 6</code></td><td><code>True</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<hr class="v2-hr">
<p class="v2-p"># PART 1: Python Dictionary Methods</p>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>What You Need to Know First (Prerequisites)</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(2)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase3"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 3 of 26</div><div class="pt">Section 1 · What Are Dictionary Methods and Why Do They Exist?</div><div class="pc" id="chk3"></div></div><div class="pb2"><p class="v2-p">Imagine you have a dictionary of student scores, and you want to:</p>
<ul class="v2-ul"><li>Safely check if a student's score exists without crashing your program</li><li>Get a list of all student names</li><li>Remove a student from the dictionary</li><li>Make a copy so you don't accidentally change the original</li></ul>
<p class="v2-p">Doing all of this manually (writing many lines of code from scratch) would be tedious and error-prone. Python's <strong>dictionary methods</strong> are pre-built, ready-to-use tools that do all of this for you in one line.</p>
<p class="v2-p">Python has <strong>11 built-in dictionary methods</strong>:</p>
<div class="v2-table-wrap"><table class="v2-table"><thead><tr><th>Method</th><th>What It Does</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>clear()</code></td><td>Removes all items from the dictionary (empties it)</td></tr><tr><td><code>copy()</code></td><td>Makes a shallow copy of the dictionary</td></tr><tr><td><code>fromkeys()</code></td><td>Creates a new dictionary from a list of keys, with a shared value</td></tr><tr><td><code>get()</code></td><td>Safely returns the value for a key (no crash if key is missing)</td></tr><tr><td><code>items()</code></td><td>Returns all key-value pairs as a list of tuples</td></tr><tr><td><code>keys()</code></td><td>Returns all keys in the dictionary</td></tr><tr><td><code>pop()</code></td><td>Removes a specific key and returns its value</td></tr><tr><td><code>popitem()</code></td><td>Removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair</td></tr><tr><td><code>setdefault()</code></td><td>Returns a key's value; inserts the key with a default if it doesn't exist</td></tr><tr><td><code>update()</code></td><td>Adds or updates multiple key-value pairs at once</td></tr><tr><td><code>values()</code></td><td>Returns all values in the dictionary</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p class="v2-p">We will go through each one clearly with examples.</p>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>What Are Dictionary Methods and Why Do They Exist?</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(3)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase4"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 4 of 26</div><div class="pt">Method 1: `keys()` · Get All Keys</div><div class="pc" id="chk4"></div></div><div class="pb2"><h3 class="v2-h3">What Is It?</h3>
<p class="v2-p"><code>keys()</code> returns a special view object that lists all the <strong>keys</strong> (labels) in your dictionary.</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Why use it?</strong> When you want to see what keys exist, loop through them, or check if a key is in your dictionary.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Simple Example</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>person = {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Chidi&quot;, &quot;age&quot;: 25, &quot;city&quot;: &quot;Lagos&quot;}

all_keys = person.keys()
print(all_keys)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>dict_keys([&#x27;name&#x27;, &#x27;age&#x27;, &#x27;city&#x27;])</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote class="v2-bq"><p class="v2-p">💡 The output shows <code>dict_keys([...])</code> · this is a special view object, not a regular list. But you can use it in loops just like a list!</p></blockquote>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Using <code>keys()</code> in a Loop</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>person = {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Chidi&quot;, &quot;age&quot;: 25, &quot;city&quot;: &quot;Lagos&quot;}

for key in person.keys():
    print(key)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>name
age
city</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Line-by-line explanation:</strong></p>
<ul class="v2-ul"><li><code>for key in person.keys():</code> · loop through every key in the dictionary</li><li><code>print(key)</code> · print each key on its own line</li></ul>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Checking If a Key Exists Using <code>in</code></h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>person = {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Chidi&quot;, &quot;age&quot;: 25, &quot;city&quot;: &quot;Lagos&quot;}

print(&quot;name&quot; in person.keys())    # Output: True
print(&quot;salary&quot; in person.keys())  # Output: False</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote class="v2-bq"><p class="v2-p">🤔 <strong>Thinking prompt:</strong> What would happen if you tried <code>person["salary"]</code> directly? You would get a <code>KeyError</code>! That is why checking first (or using <code>.get()</code>) is so important.</p></blockquote>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>Method 1: <code>keys()</code> · Get All Keys</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(4)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase5"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 5 of 26</div><div class="pt">Method 2: `values()` · Get All Values</div><div class="pc" id="chk5"></div></div><div class="pb2"><h3 class="v2-h3">What Is It?</h3>
<p class="v2-p"><code>values()</code> returns a view of all the <strong>values</strong> in your dictionary.</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Why use it?</strong> When you only care about the data, not the labels · for example, calculating the total of all scores.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Simple Example</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>scores = {&quot;maths&quot;: 85, &quot;english&quot;: 90, &quot;science&quot;: 78}

print(scores.values())</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>dict_values([85, 90, 78])</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Looping Through Values</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>scores = {&quot;maths&quot;: 85, &quot;english&quot;: 90, &quot;science&quot;: 78}

for score in scores.values():
    print(score)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>85
90
78</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Practical Use · Calculating the Total</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>scores = {&quot;maths&quot;: 85, &quot;english&quot;: 90, &quot;science&quot;: 78}

total = sum(scores.values())
print(&quot;Total score:&quot;, total)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Total score: 253</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>
<ul class="v2-ul"><li><code>sum(scores.values())</code> · Python's built-in <code>sum()</code> function adds all the values together</li><li>The result is stored in <code>total</code> and printed</li></ul>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>Method 2: <code>values()</code> · Get All Values</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(5)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase6"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 6 of 26</div><div class="pt">Method 3: `items()` · Get All Key-Value Pairs</div><div class="pc" id="chk6"></div></div><div class="pb2"><h3 class="v2-h3">What Is It?</h3>
<p class="v2-p"><code>items()</code> returns a view of all key-value pairs. Each pair is wrapped in a <strong>tuple</strong> · a bracket <code>()</code> that holds two items: the key and the value.</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Why use it?</strong> When you want to loop through a dictionary and need both the key AND the value at the same time.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Simple Example</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>student = {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Fatima&quot;, &quot;score&quot;: 92, &quot;grade&quot;: &quot;A&quot;}

print(student.items())</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>dict_items([(&#x27;name&#x27;, &#x27;Fatima&#x27;), (&#x27;score&#x27;, 92), (&#x27;grade&#x27;, &#x27;A&#x27;)])</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p">Each pair like <code>('name', 'Fatima')</code> is a <strong>tuple</strong> · the key comes first, then the value.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Looping with <code>items()</code> · The Most Common Pattern</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>student = {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Fatima&quot;, &quot;score&quot;: 92, &quot;grade&quot;: &quot;A&quot;}

for key, value in student.items():
    print(key, &quot;-&gt;&quot;, value)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>name -&gt; Fatima
score -&gt; 92
grade -&gt; A</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Line-by-line explanation:</strong></p>
<ul class="v2-ul"><li><code>for key, value in student.items():</code> · for each pair, Python automatically unpacks it into two variables: <code>key</code> and <code>value</code></li><li><code>print(key, "-&gt;", value)</code> · print both the key and its value with an arrow between them</li></ul>
<blockquote class="v2-bq"><p class="v2-p">💡 This is one of the most commonly used patterns in all of Python programming! You will use it constantly.</p></blockquote>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>Method 3: <code>items()</code> · Get All Key-Value Pairs</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(6)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase7"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 7 of 26</div><div class="pt">Method 4: `get()` · Safely Read a Value</div><div class="pc" id="chk7"></div></div><div class="pb2"><h3 class="v2-h3">What Is It?</h3>
<p class="v2-p"><code>get(key)</code> returns the value for the given key. But unlike <code>dict[key]</code>, it does <strong>not crash</strong> if the key doesn't exist · it returns <code>None</code> (or a default value you choose) instead.</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Why use it?</strong> To safely read dictionary values without risking a <code>KeyError</code> crash.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">The Problem Without <code>get()</code></h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>person = {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Emeka&quot;, &quot;age&quot;: 30}

# This CRASHES with a KeyError if &#x27;salary&#x27; doesn&#x27;t exist:
print(person[&quot;salary&quot;])   # KeyError: &#x27;salary&#x27;</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="v2-h3">The Safe Way with <code>get()</code></h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>person = {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Emeka&quot;, &quot;age&quot;: 30}

salary = person.get(&quot;salary&quot;)
print(salary)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>None</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p">No crash! It returned <code>None</code> because <code>"salary"</code> doesn't exist in the dictionary.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Using a Default Value with <code>get()</code></h3>
<p class="v2-p">You can provide a second argument · the value to return if the key is missing:</p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>person = {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Emeka&quot;, &quot;age&quot;: 30}

salary = person.get(&quot;salary&quot;, 0)
print(salary)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>0</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>
<ul class="v2-ul"><li><code>person.get("salary", 0)</code> · look for <code>"salary"</code>; if not found, return <code>0</code> instead of <code>None</code></li></ul>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Second Example</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>inventory = {&quot;apples&quot;: 10, &quot;oranges&quot;: 5}

# Key exists:
print(inventory.get(&quot;apples&quot;, 0))    # Output: 10

# Key doesn&#x27;t exist:
print(inventory.get(&quot;bananas&quot;, 0))   # Output: 0</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote class="v2-bq"><p class="v2-p">🤔 <strong>Thinking prompt:</strong> Why is <code>get()</code> safer than <code>dict[key]</code> in a real application? What would happen in a school database if you tried to access a student that doesn't exist?</p></blockquote>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>Method 4: <code>get()</code> · Safely Read a Value</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(7)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase8"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 8 of 26</div><div class="pt">Method 5: `update()` · Add or Modify Multiple Items</div><div class="pc" id="chk8"></div></div><div class="pb2"><h3 class="v2-h3">What Is It?</h3>
<p class="v2-p"><code>update()</code> lets you add new key-value pairs or change existing ones · all at once · by passing in another dictionary or keyword arguments.</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Why use it?</strong> When you need to update many things in a dictionary at once, instead of doing it one by one.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Simple Example · Adding New Keys</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>profile = {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Ngozi&quot;, &quot;age&quot;: 22}

profile.update({&quot;city&quot;: &quot;Abuja&quot;, &quot;job&quot;: &quot;Engineer&quot;})

print(profile)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>{&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;Ngozi&#x27;, &#x27;age&#x27;: 22, &#x27;city&#x27;: &#x27;Abuja&#x27;, &#x27;job&#x27;: &#x27;Engineer&#x27;}</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>
<ul class="v2-ul"><li><code>profile.update({...})</code> · pass a dictionary with new pairs to add</li><li>Python merges the new dictionary into the existing one</li></ul>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Updating Existing Keys</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>product = {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Laptop&quot;, &quot;price&quot;: 500, &quot;stock&quot;: 10}

product.update({&quot;price&quot;: 450, &quot;stock&quot;: 8})

print(product)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>{&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;Laptop&#x27;, &#x27;price&#x27;: 450, &#x27;stock&#x27;: 8}</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p">The price and stock were updated. The name stayed the same.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Update Using Keyword Arguments</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>car = {&quot;brand&quot;: &quot;Toyota&quot;, &quot;year&quot;: 2018}

car.update(year=2023, color=&quot;Red&quot;)

print(car)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>{&#x27;brand&#x27;: &#x27;Toyota&#x27;, &#x27;year&#x27;: 2023, &#x27;color&#x27;: &#x27;Red&#x27;}</code></pre></div></div>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>Method 5: <code>update()</code> · Add or Modify Multiple Items</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(8)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase9"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 9 of 26</div><div class="pt">Method 6: `pop()` · Remove a Specific Key</div><div class="pc" id="chk9"></div></div><div class="pb2"><h3 class="v2-h3">What Is It?</h3>
<p class="v2-p"><code>pop(key)</code> removes the item with the given key from the dictionary AND returns its value so you can use it.</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Why use it?</strong> When you need to both remove a key and use the value it had.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Simple Example</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>cart = {&quot;apple&quot;: 3, &quot;banana&quot;: 5, &quot;mango&quot;: 2}

removed_value = cart.pop(&quot;banana&quot;)

print(&quot;Removed:&quot;, removed_value)
print(&quot;Cart after:&quot;, cart)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Removed: 5
Cart after: {&#x27;apple&#x27;: 3, &#x27;mango&#x27;: 2}</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>
<ul class="v2-ul"><li><code>cart.pop("banana")</code> · removes <code>"banana"</code> from the dictionary and returns <code>5</code> (the value)</li><li>We store that returned value in <code>removed_value</code></li></ul>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Using a Default Value to Avoid KeyError</h3>
<p class="v2-p">If the key doesn't exist and you don't provide a default, <code>pop()</code> crashes:</p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>cart = {&quot;apple&quot;: 3, &quot;mango&quot;: 2}

# Safe pop with default:
result = cart.pop(&quot;banana&quot;, &quot;Not in cart&quot;)
print(result)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Not in cart</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote class="v2-bq"><p class="v2-p">🤔 <strong>Thinking prompt:</strong> What happens if you call <code>pop()</code> on a key that doesn't exist, without providing a default? Try it and see!</p></blockquote>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>Method 6: <code>pop()</code> · Remove a Specific Key</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(9)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase10"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 10 of 26</div><div class="pt">Method 7: `popitem()` · Remove the Last Item</div><div class="pc" id="chk10"></div></div><div class="pb2"><h3 class="v2-h3">What Is It?</h3>
<p class="v2-p"><code>popitem()</code> removes and returns the <strong>last inserted</strong> key-value pair as a tuple.</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Why use it?</strong> Useful when you want to process and remove items one at a time from the end, like a stack.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Simple Example</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>data = {&quot;a&quot;: 1, &quot;b&quot;: 2, &quot;c&quot;: 3}

last_item = data.popitem()

print(&quot;Removed:&quot;, last_item)
print(&quot;Dictionary after:&quot;, data)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Removed: (&#x27;c&#x27;, 3)
Dictionary after: {&#x27;a&#x27;: 1, &#x27;b&#x27;: 2}</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>
<ul class="v2-ul"><li><code>data.popitem()</code> removes <code>('c', 3)</code> because <code>"c"</code> was inserted last</li><li>It returns the pair as a tuple</li></ul>
<blockquote class="v2-bq"><p class="v2-p">⚠️ <strong>Common Mistake:</strong> In Python versions before 3.7, <code>popitem()</code> removed a random item. In Python 3.7+, it always removes the LAST inserted item. Always check your Python version.</p></blockquote>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>Method 7: <code>popitem()</code> · Remove the Last Item</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(10)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase11"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 11 of 26</div><div class="pt">Method 8: `clear()` · Empty the Dictionary</div><div class="pc" id="chk11"></div></div><div class="pb2"><h3 class="v2-h3">What Is It?</h3>
<p class="v2-p"><code>clear()</code> removes ALL items from the dictionary, leaving it completely empty.</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Why use it?</strong> When you want to reset a dictionary and start fresh without deleting the variable itself.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Simple Example</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>user_data = {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Kola&quot;, &quot;score&quot;: 95, &quot;level&quot;: 3}

print(&quot;Before:&quot;, user_data)

user_data.clear()

print(&quot;After:&quot;, user_data)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Before: {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;Kola&#x27;, &#x27;score&#x27;: 95, &#x27;level&#x27;: 3}
After: {}</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p">The <code>{}</code> means the dictionary is now empty.</p>
<blockquote class="v2-bq"><p class="v2-p">⚠️ <strong>Common Mistake:</strong> Don't confuse <code>clear()</code> with reassigning: <code>user_data = {}</code> also empties it, but <code>clear()</code> is the "correct" method because it modifies the existing dictionary in place. If another variable points to the same dictionary, <code>clear()</code> affects both; reassignment only affects the one variable.</p></blockquote>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>Method 8: <code>clear()</code> · Empty the Dictionary</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(11)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase12"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 12 of 26</div><div class="pt">Method 9: `copy()` · Make a Duplicate</div><div class="pc" id="chk12"></div></div><div class="pb2"><h3 class="v2-h3">What Is It?</h3>
<p class="v2-p"><code>copy()</code> creates a <strong>shallow copy</strong> of the dictionary · a new independent dictionary with the same keys and values.</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Why use it?</strong> To work with a duplicate so you don't accidentally change the original.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">The Problem Without <code>copy()</code></h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>original = {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Ada&quot;, &quot;score&quot;: 80}

# This does NOT create a new dict — it just creates another name for the same dict:
alias = original

alias[&quot;score&quot;] = 99   # This also changes original!

print(&quot;Original:&quot;, original)
print(&quot;Alias:&quot;, alias)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Original: {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;Ada&#x27;, &#x27;score&#x27;: 99}
Alias: {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;Ada&#x27;, &#x27;score&#x27;: 99}</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p">Both changed! That's because <code>alias</code> and <code>original</code> point to the <strong>same</strong> dictionary in memory.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">The Safe Way with <code>copy()</code></h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>original = {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Ada&quot;, &quot;score&quot;: 80}

backup = original.copy()   # A truly separate copy

backup[&quot;score&quot;] = 99       # Only changes backup

print(&quot;Original:&quot;, original)
print(&quot;Backup:&quot;, backup)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Original: {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;Ada&#x27;, &#x27;score&#x27;: 80}
Backup: {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;Ada&#x27;, &#x27;score&#x27;: 99}</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p">Now the original is safe!</p>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>Method 9: <code>copy()</code> · Make a Duplicate</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(12)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase13"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 13 of 26</div><div class="pt">Method 10: `fromkeys()` · Create a New Dictionary from Keys</div><div class="pc" id="chk13"></div></div><div class="pb2"><h3 class="v2-h3">What Is It?</h3>
<p class="v2-p"><code>fromkeys(keys, value)</code> creates a <strong>brand new dictionary</strong> using a list of keys, all set to the same value.</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Why use it?</strong> When you want to initialize a dictionary quickly with many keys all set to the same starting value · like all scores starting at 0.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Simple Example</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>subjects = [&quot;maths&quot;, &quot;english&quot;, &quot;science&quot;]

scores = dict.fromkeys(subjects, 0)

print(scores)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>{&#x27;maths&#x27;: 0, &#x27;english&#x27;: 0, &#x27;science&#x27;: 0}</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>
<ul class="v2-ul"><li><code>dict.fromkeys(subjects, 0)</code> · creates a new dict using <code>subjects</code> as keys, all set to <code>0</code></li><li>Notice: we call it on <code>dict</code> (the class), not on an existing dictionary</li></ul>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Without a Default Value</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>keys = [&quot;a&quot;, &quot;b&quot;, &quot;c&quot;]

new_dict = dict.fromkeys(keys)

print(new_dict)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>{&#x27;a&#x27;: None, &#x27;b&#x27;: None, &#x27;c&#x27;: None}</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p">When no value is specified, all keys default to <code>None</code>.</p>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>Method 10: <code>fromkeys()</code> · Create a New Dictionary from Keys</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(13)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase14"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 14 of 26</div><div class="pt">Method 11: `setdefault()` · Get Value or Insert Default</div><div class="pc" id="chk14"></div></div><div class="pb2"><h3 class="v2-h3">What Is It?</h3>
<p class="v2-p"><code>setdefault(key, default)</code> is like <code>get()</code>, but with an extra superpower: if the key <strong>doesn't exist</strong>, it <strong>inserts the key</strong> with the default value into the dictionary.</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Why use it?</strong> When you want to ensure a key exists with a starting value, but don't want to overwrite it if it already has a value.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Simple Example</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>data = {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Bola&quot;}

# Key doesn&#x27;t exist — it gets inserted with default value:
result = data.setdefault(&quot;score&quot;, 0)

print(&quot;Result:&quot;, result)
print(&quot;Dictionary:&quot;, data)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Result: 0
Dictionary: {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;Bola&#x27;, &#x27;score&#x27;: 0}</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Key Already Exists · No Overwrite</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>data = {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Bola&quot;, &quot;score&quot;: 95}

# Key already exists — returns existing value without changing it:
result = data.setdefault(&quot;score&quot;, 0)

print(&quot;Result:&quot;, result)
print(&quot;Dictionary:&quot;, data)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Result: 95
Dictionary: {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;Bola&#x27;, &#x27;score&#x27;: 95}</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p">The score stayed <code>95</code> · <code>setdefault()</code> never overwrites an existing value.</p>
<blockquote class="v2-bq"><p class="v2-p">💡 <strong>Real-world use:</strong> <code>setdefault()</code> is widely used when counting things. For example, counting how many times each word appears in a text.</p></blockquote>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>text = [&quot;apple&quot;, &quot;banana&quot;, &quot;apple&quot;, &quot;cherry&quot;, &quot;banana&quot;, &quot;apple&quot;]
counts = {}

for word in text:
    counts.setdefault(word, 0)   # Make sure the key exists with 0
    counts[word] += 1             # Increment the count

print(counts)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>{&#x27;apple&#x27;: 3, &#x27;banana&#x27;: 2, &#x27;cherry&#x27;: 1}</code></pre></div></div>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>Method 11: <code>setdefault()</code> · Get Value or Insert Default</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(14)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase15"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 15 of 26</div><div class="pt">Guided Practice · Dictionary Methods</div><div class="pc" id="chk15"></div></div><div class="pb2"><div class="chal-box"><div class="chal-lbl">🎯 Your Challenge</div><div class="chal-body"><h3 class="v2-h3">Exercise 1: Student Report System</h3>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Objective:</strong> Use dictionary methods to manage a student's data safely and efficiently.</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Scenario:</strong> You are building a school database tool. You have a student's record and need to perform several operations on it.</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Setup:</strong></p></div></div><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>Guided Practice · Dictionary Methods</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="reveal-btn" onclick="toggleReveal(this)">Reveal Answer 👁️</button><div class="reveal-content"><div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>student = {
    &quot;name&quot;: &quot;Tunde&quot;,
    &quot;age&quot;: 16,
    &quot;maths&quot;: 72,
    &quot;english&quot;: 88
}</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Steps:</strong></p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Step 1 · Add new subjects using <code>update()</code>:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>student.update({&quot;science&quot;: 91, &quot;history&quot;: 65})
print(student)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>{&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;Tunde&#x27;, &#x27;age&#x27;: 16, &#x27;maths&#x27;: 72, &#x27;english&#x27;: 88, &#x27;science&#x27;: 91, &#x27;history&#x27;: 65}</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Step 2 · Safely get a subject that might not exist using <code>get()</code>:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>art_score = student.get(&quot;art&quot;, &quot;Not enrolled&quot;)
print(&quot;Art:&quot;, art_score)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Art: Not enrolled</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Step 3 · Print all subjects and scores using <code>items()</code>:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>for subject, value in student.items():
    print(f&quot;{subject}: {value}&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>name: Tunde
age: 16
maths: 72
english: 88
science: 91
history: 65</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Step 4 · Calculate average score using <code>values()</code>:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code># Only average the actual scores (not name or age)
score_subjects = {&quot;maths&quot;: 72, &quot;english&quot;: 88, &quot;science&quot;: 91, &quot;history&quot;: 65}
scores_only = list(score_subjects.values())
average = sum(scores_only) / len(scores_only)
print(&quot;Average score:&quot;, average)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Average score: 79.0</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Step 5 · Remove a subject using <code>pop()</code>:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>removed = student.pop(&quot;history&quot;)
print(&quot;Removed history score:&quot;, removed)
print(&quot;Updated student:&quot;, student)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Removed history score: 65
Updated student: {&#x27;name&#x27;: &#x27;Tunde&#x27;, &#x27;age&#x27;: 16, &#x27;maths&#x27;: 72, &#x27;english&#x27;: 88, &#x27;science&#x27;: 91}</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Self-check Questions:</strong></p>
<ol class="v2-ol"><li>What would <code>get()</code> return if we searched for a key that doesn't exist and gave no default?</li><li>What is the difference between <code>pop()</code> and <code>popitem()</code>?</li><li>Why is <code>copy()</code> important when sharing dictionaries?</li></ol>
<hr class="v2-hr">
<p class="v2-p"># PART 2: Python If / Elif / Else Conditions</p>
<hr class="v2-hr"></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(15)">Mark Complete and Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase16"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 16 of 26</div><div class="pt">Section 2 · What Are Conditions and Why Do We Need Them?</div><div class="pc" id="chk16"></div></div><div class="pb2"><p class="v2-p">Every program needs to make <strong>decisions</strong>. Think about these real-world situations:</p>
<ul class="v2-ul"><li><strong>ATM machine:</strong> "If the PIN is correct, allow withdrawal. Otherwise, deny access."</li><li><strong>Weather app:</strong> "If temperature &gt; 35°C, show 'Hot'. If 20 · 35°C, show 'Warm'. If below 20°C, show 'Cool'."</li><li><strong>Video game:</strong> "If health = 0, display Game Over."</li><li><strong>School system:</strong> "If score &gt;= 70, display 'Pass'. Otherwise, display 'Fail'."</li></ul>
<p class="v2-p">In Python, we express decisions using three keywords: <code>if</code>, <code>elif</code>, and <code>else</code>.</p>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>What Are Conditions and Why Do We Need Them?</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(16)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase17"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 17 of 26</div><div class="pt">Section 3 · Python Comparison Operators (Refresher + More)</div><div class="pc" id="chk17"></div></div><div class="pb2"><p class="v2-p">These operators evaluate to <code>True</code> or <code>False</code> and are the building blocks of all conditions:</p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>a = 10
b = 20

print(a == b)   # Equal? → False
print(a != b)   # Not equal? → True
print(a &lt; b)    # Less than? → True
print(a &gt; b)    # Greater than? → False
print(a &lt;= 10)  # Less than or equal? → True
print(b &gt;= 20)  # Greater than or equal? → True</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>False
True
True
False
True
True</code></pre></div></div>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>Python Comparison Operators (Refresher + More)</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(17)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase18"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 18 of 26</div><div class="pt">Section 4 · The `if` Statement</div><div class="pc" id="chk18"></div></div><div class="pb2"><h3 class="v2-h3">What Is It?</h3>
<p class="v2-p">The <code>if</code> statement checks a condition. If the condition is <code>True</code>, Python runs the code block inside the <code>if</code>. If the condition is <code>False</code>, Python skips that block.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">The Structure</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>if condition:
    code to run when condition is True</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote class="v2-bq"><p class="v2-p">⚠️ <strong>Critical Rule · Indentation:</strong> The code inside the <code>if</code> block MUST be indented (moved right) with spaces or a tab. Python uses indentation to know what belongs inside the <code>if</code>. Other languages use <code>{}</code> brackets, but Python uses indentation.</p></blockquote>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Very Simple Example</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>temperature = 38

if temperature &gt; 35:
    print(&quot;It is very hot outside!&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>It is very hot outside!</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Line-by-line explanation:</strong></p>
<ul class="v2-ul"><li><code>temperature = 38</code> · we store the value <code>38</code> in a variable called <code>temperature</code></li><li><code>if temperature &gt; 35:</code> · Python checks: is <code>38 &gt; 35</code>? Yes! So it is <code>True</code></li><li>The colon <code>:</code> at the end of the <code>if</code> line is required · it signals that a code block follows</li><li><code>    print("It is very hot outside!")</code> · this line is indented (4 spaces), so it is inside the <code>if</code> block. Since the condition was <code>True</code>, this line runs</li></ul>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Example Where Condition is False</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>temperature = 20

if temperature &gt; 35:
    print(&quot;It is very hot outside!&quot;)

print(&quot;Program continues...&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Program continues...</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p">Since <code>20 &gt; 35</code> is <code>False</code>, the print inside the <code>if</code> block is skipped. Execution jumps to the next unindented line.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Multiple Statements Inside an <code>if</code> Block</h3>
<p class="v2-p">All statements inside the block must be at the same indentation level:</p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>age = 20

if age &gt;= 18:
    print(&quot;You are an adult.&quot;)
    print(&quot;You can vote.&quot;)
    print(&quot;You can drive.&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>You are an adult.
You can vote.
You can drive.</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p">All three <code>print</code> statements are at the same indentation level, so they are all inside the <code>if</code> block. All three run because the condition is <code>True</code>.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Common Beginner Mistake · Missing Colon</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code># WRONG - Missing colon after condition:
if age &gt;= 18
    print(&quot;Adult&quot;)
# SyntaxError: invalid syntax</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code># CORRECT:
if age &gt;= 18:
    print(&quot;Adult&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Common Beginner Mistake · Wrong Indentation</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code># WRONG - print is not indented:
if age &gt;= 18:
print(&quot;Adult&quot;)   # IndentationError</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code># CORRECT - print is indented:
if age &gt;= 18:
    print(&quot;Adult&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Using Boolean Variables in <code>if</code></h3>
<p class="v2-p">You can use a variable that is already <code>True</code> or <code>False</code> directly in an <code>if</code> statement:</p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>is_logged_in = True

if is_logged_in:
    print(&quot;Welcome back!&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Welcome back!</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Truthy and Falsy Values</h3>
<p class="v2-p">Python treats some values as "truthy" (behaves like <code>True</code>) and others as "falsy" (behaves like <code>False</code>):</p>
<div class="v2-table-wrap"><table class="v2-table"><thead><tr><th>Falsy (acts like False)</th><th>Truthy (acts like True)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>0</code> (zero)</td><td>Any non-zero number (5, -3)</td></tr><tr><td><code>""</code> (empty string)</td><td>Any non-empty string</td></tr><tr><td><code>[]</code> (empty list)</td><td>Any non-empty list</td></tr><tr><td><code>{}</code> (empty dict)</td><td>Any non-empty dict</td></tr><tr><td><code>None</code></td><td>Everything else</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>name = &quot;&quot;

if name:
    print(&quot;Name exists:&quot;, name)

# Since name is an empty string (falsy), nothing is printed
print(&quot;Done&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Done</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>name = &quot;Chidi&quot;

if name:
    print(&quot;Name exists:&quot;, name)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Name exists: Chidi</code></pre></div></div>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>The <code>if</code> Statement</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(18)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase19"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 19 of 26</div><div class="pt">Section 5 · The `else` Statement</div><div class="pc" id="chk19"></div></div><div class="pb2"><h3 class="v2-h3">What Is It?</h3>
<p class="v2-p"><code>else</code> is added after an <code>if</code> block. It runs when the <code>if</code> condition is <code>False</code>. Think of it as "otherwise, do this instead."</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">The Structure</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>if condition:
    code runs when condition is True
else:
    code runs when condition is False</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Simple Example</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>score = 55

if score &gt;= 70:
    print(&quot;You passed!&quot;)
else:
    print(&quot;You did not pass. Try again!&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>You did not pass. Try again!</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>
<ul class="v2-ul"><li><code>score &gt;= 70</code> → <code>55 &gt;= 70</code> → <code>False</code></li><li>The <code>if</code> block is skipped</li><li>Python runs the <code>else</code> block instead</li></ul>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Another Example</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>age = 15

if age &gt;= 18:
    print(&quot;You can vote.&quot;)
else:
    print(&quot;You are too young to vote.&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>You are too young to vote.</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote class="v2-bq"><p class="v2-p">💡 <code>else</code> never has a condition of its own · it is simply the "everything else" case. It catches whatever the <code>if</code> didn't catch.</p></blockquote>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Common Beginner Mistake · <code>else</code> with a condition</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code># WRONG - else cannot have a condition:
if score &gt;= 70:
    print(&quot;Pass&quot;)
else score &lt; 70:     # SyntaxError!
    print(&quot;Fail&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code># CORRECT:
if score &gt;= 70:
    print(&quot;Pass&quot;)
else:
    print(&quot;Fail&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>The <code>else</code> Statement</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(19)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase20"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 20 of 26</div><div class="pt">Section 6 · The `elif` Statement (Else If)</div><div class="pc" id="chk20"></div></div><div class="pb2"><h3 class="v2-h3">What Is It?</h3>
<p class="v2-p"><code>elif</code> stands for "else if." It lets you check <strong>multiple conditions</strong> in sequence. Python checks each condition from top to bottom and runs the first block whose condition is <code>True</code>. Once a match is found, the rest are skipped.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">The Structure</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>if condition_1:
    code for condition_1
elif condition_2:
    code for condition_2
elif condition_3:
    code for condition_3
else:
    code when nothing matched</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Why Do We Need <code>elif</code>?</h3>
<p class="v2-p">Without <code>elif</code>, you would need multiple separate <code>if</code> statements, and ALL of them would be checked even after a match is found. <code>elif</code> stops checking once a match is found · this is both more efficient and produces correct results.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Simple Example · Grade Calculator</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>score = 82

if score &gt;= 90:
    print(&quot;Grade: A&quot;)
elif score &gt;= 80:
    print(&quot;Grade: B&quot;)
elif score &gt;= 70:
    print(&quot;Grade: C&quot;)
elif score &gt;= 60:
    print(&quot;Grade: D&quot;)
else:
    print(&quot;Grade: F&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Grade: B</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Step-by-step trace:</strong></p>
<ol class="v2-ol"><li><code>score &gt;= 90</code> → <code>82 &gt;= 90</code> → <code>False</code> → skip</li><li><code>score &gt;= 80</code> → <code>82 &gt;= 80</code> → <code>True</code> ✅ → print <code>"Grade: B"</code> → stop checking</li></ol>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Another Example · Time of Day Greeting</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>hour = 14   # 2:00 PM in 24-hour format

if hour &lt; 12:
    print(&quot;Good morning!&quot;)
elif hour &lt; 17:
    print(&quot;Good afternoon!&quot;)
elif hour &lt; 21:
    print(&quot;Good evening!&quot;)
else:
    print(&quot;Good night!&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Good afternoon!</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Trace:</strong></p>
<ol class="v2-ol"><li><code>hour &lt; 12</code> → <code>14 &lt; 12</code> → <code>False</code> → skip</li><li><code>hour &lt; 17</code> → <code>14 &lt; 17</code> → <code>True</code> ✅ → print <code>"Good afternoon!"</code> → stop</li></ol>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Example · Traffic Light System</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>light = &quot;red&quot;

if light == &quot;green&quot;:
    print(&quot;Go!&quot;)
elif light == &quot;yellow&quot;:
    print(&quot;Slow down!&quot;)
elif light == &quot;red&quot;:
    print(&quot;Stop!&quot;)
else:
    print(&quot;Unknown light color&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Stop!</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote class="v2-bq"><p class="v2-p">🤔 <strong>Thinking prompt:</strong> What if you changed <code>light = "red"</code> to <code>light = "purple"</code>? What would print?</p></blockquote>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>The <code>elif</code> Statement (Else If)</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(20)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase21"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 21 of 26</div><div class="pt">Section 7 · Combining Conditions: `and`, `or`, `not`</div><div class="pc" id="chk21"></div></div><div class="pb2"><p class="v2-p">Sometimes a single comparison isn't enough. You can combine conditions using logical operators:</p>
<div class="v2-table-wrap"><table class="v2-table"><thead><tr><th>Operator</th><th>Meaning</th><th>Example</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>and</code></td><td>Both conditions must be True</td><td><code>age &gt;= 18 and age &lt;= 65</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>or</code></td><td>At least one condition must be True</td><td><code>day == "Sat" or day == "Sun"</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>not</code></td><td>Reverses True to False and vice versa</td><td><code>not is_banned</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Using <code>and</code></h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>age = 25
has_id = True

if age &gt;= 18 and has_id:
    print(&quot;Entry allowed.&quot;)
else:
    print(&quot;Entry denied.&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Entry allowed.</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p">Both conditions must be <code>True</code>. <code>age &gt;= 18</code> → <code>True</code>, <code>has_id</code> → <code>True</code> → overall <code>True</code>.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Using <code>or</code></h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>day = &quot;Saturday&quot;

if day == &quot;Saturday&quot; or day == &quot;Sunday&quot;:
    print(&quot;It&#x27;s the weekend!&quot;)
else:
    print(&quot;It&#x27;s a weekday.&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>It&#x27;s the weekend!</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p">Only one condition needs to be <code>True</code>. <code>day == "Saturday"</code> → <code>True</code> → done!</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Using <code>not</code></h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>is_banned = False

if not is_banned:
    print(&quot;User is allowed.&quot;)
else:
    print(&quot;User is banned.&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>User is allowed.</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><code>not is_banned</code> → <code>not False</code> → <code>True</code> → run the <code>if</code> block.</p>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>Combining Conditions: <code>and</code>, <code>or</code>, <code>not</code></strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(21)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase22"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 22 of 26</div><div class="pt">Section 8 · `if` Statements with Dictionaries</div><div class="pc" id="chk22"></div></div><div class="pb2"><p class="v2-p">This is where everything comes together! You can use <code>if</code> statements with dictionaries to make smart, data-driven decisions.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Example 1 · Check if a Key Exists</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>student = {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Amaka&quot;, &quot;score&quot;: 88}

if &quot;score&quot; in student:
    print(&quot;Score found:&quot;, student[&quot;score&quot;])
else:
    print(&quot;No score recorded.&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Score found: 88</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Example 2 · Grade Based on Dictionary Score</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>student = {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Emeka&quot;, &quot;score&quot;: 74}

score = student[&quot;score&quot;]

if score &gt;= 90:
    grade = &quot;A&quot;
elif score &gt;= 80:
    grade = &quot;B&quot;
elif score &gt;= 70:
    grade = &quot;C&quot;
elif score &gt;= 60:
    grade = &quot;D&quot;
else:
    grade = &quot;F&quot;

print(f&quot;{student[&#x27;name&#x27;]} scored {score} → Grade: {grade}&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Emeka scored 74 → Grade: C</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Example 3 · Check Multiple Students</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>students = {
    &quot;Ada&quot;: 92,
    &quot;Bisi&quot;: 58,
    &quot;Chike&quot;: 75,
    &quot;Dayo&quot;: 45
}

for name, score in students.items():
    if score &gt;= 70:
        status = &quot;PASS&quot;
    else:
        status = &quot;FAIL&quot;
    print(f&quot;{name}: {score} → {status}&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Ada: 92 → PASS
Bisi: 58 → FAIL
Chike: 75 → PASS
Dayo: 45 → FAIL</code></pre></div></div>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong><code>if</code> Statements with Dictionaries</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(22)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase23"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 23 of 26</div><div class="pt">Section 9 · Nested `if` Statements</div><div class="pc" id="chk23"></div></div><div class="pb2"><p class="v2-p">An <code>if</code> statement inside another <code>if</code> statement is called a <strong>nested if</strong>. Use this when a second decision only matters if the first condition is already <code>True</code>.</p>
<h3 class="v2-h3">Example · Age and Membership Check</h3>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>age = 25
is_member = True

if age &gt;= 18:
    print(&quot;Age check passed.&quot;)
    if is_member:
        print(&quot;Member discount applied!&quot;)
    else:
        print(&quot;No member discount.&quot;)
else:
    print(&quot;Must be 18 or older.&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Age check passed.
Member discount applied!</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>
<ul class="v2-ul"><li>First, Python checks if <code>age &gt;= 18</code> → <code>True</code> → enter outer <code>if</code></li><li>Inside the outer <code>if</code>, it checks <code>is_member</code> → <code>True</code> → print discount message</li></ul>
<blockquote class="v2-bq"><p class="v2-p">⚠️ <strong>Warning:</strong> Deeply nested <code>if</code> statements (3+ levels deep) make code hard to read. Try to keep nesting to a maximum of 2 levels when possible.</p></blockquote>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>Nested <code>if</code> Statements</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(23)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase24"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 24 of 26</div><div class="pt">Section 10 · The `pass` Statement</div><div class="pc" id="chk24"></div></div><div class="pb2"><p class="v2-p">Sometimes you want to write an <code>if</code> block but not fill in the code yet (maybe as a placeholder). But Python doesn't allow an empty block. Use <code>pass</code> to create an empty placeholder:</p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>score = 85

if score &gt;= 70:
    pass   # TODO: Add passing logic later

print(&quot;End of check&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output:</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>End of check</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><code>pass</code> does nothing · it simply tells Python "this block is intentionally empty for now."</p>
<hr class="v2-hr"><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Your Task</div><div class="task-body">Practise what you just learned about <strong>The <code>pass</code> Statement</strong>. Open your editor, type the examples above by hand, modify them, and observe what changes.</div></div><button class="ub" onclick="unlockNext(24)">Phase Complete — Unlock Next ✓</button></div></div>
<div class="phase locked" id="phase25"><div class="ph"><div class="pn">Phase 25 of 26</div><div class="pt">Guided Practice · If / Elif / Else</div><div class="pc" id="chk25"></div></div><div class="pb2"><div class="chal-box"><div class="chal-lbl">🎯 Your Challenge</div><div class="chal-body"><h3 class="v2-h3">Exercise 1: Temperature Classifier</h3>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Objective:</strong> Use <code>elif</code> to classify a temperature reading.</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Scenario:</strong> You are building a weather monitoring app. Write code that classifies temperature into categories.</p>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Steps:</strong></p></div></div><div class="task-box"><div class="task-lbl">✏️ Task</div><div class="task-body">- Change temperature = 28 to 42. What prints?
- Change it to 5. What prints?
- What is the minimum temperature that would trigger "Very hot"? · </div></div><button class="reveal-btn" onclick="toggleReveal(this)">Reveal Answer 👁️</button><div class="reveal-content"><div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>temperature = 28   # Try changing this value

if temperature &gt;= 40:
    print(&quot;Extreme heat! Stay indoors.&quot;)
elif temperature &gt;= 30:
    print(&quot;Very hot. Stay hydrated.&quot;)
elif temperature &gt;= 20:
    print(&quot;Warm and comfortable.&quot;)
elif temperature &gt;= 10:
    print(&quot;Cool. Bring a jacket.&quot;)
else:
    print(&quot;Cold. Dress warmly!&quot;)</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Expected Output (temperature = 28):</strong></p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">code</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>Warm and comfortable.</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>What-if challenges:</strong></p>
<ul class="v2-ul"><li>Change <code>temperature = 28</code> to <code>42</code>. What prints?</li><li>Change it to <code>5</code>. What prints?</li><li>What is the minimum temperature that would trigger "Very hot"?</li></ul>
<hr class="v2-hr">
<h3 class="v2-h3">Exercise 2: Login System with Dictionary</h3>
<p class="v2-p"><strong>Objective:</strong> Use a dictionary to store user credentials and <code>if/else</code> to validate login.</p>
<div class="v2-code-wrap"><div class="v2-code-bar"><span class="v2-dot r"></span><span class="v2-dot y"></span><span class="v2-dot g"></span><span class="v2-code-lang">python</span><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCode(this)">&#10064; Copy</button></div><div class="v2-code-body"><pre><code>users = {
    &quot;admin&quot;: &quot;password123&quot;,