diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile index b9b21a5..bc1e42f 100644 --- a/Makefile +++ b/Makefile @@ -118,9 +118,12 @@ download_soil_data: DATABASE_DUMP_FILE ?= Data/soil_id_db.dump DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG ?= ghcr.io/techmatters/soil-id-db:latest +# Build linux/amd64 explicitly: the postgis:16-3.5 base has no arm64 manifest, +# and CI/prod run the image on amd64 regardless. build_docker_image: @echo "Building to tag $(DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG)" docker build \ + --platform linux/amd64 \ --build-arg DATABASE_DUMP_FILE=$(DATABASE_DUMP_FILE) \ -t $(DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG) \ . @@ -138,8 +141,19 @@ stop_db: connect_db: docker compose exec db psql -U postgres -d soil_id +# Container running the local soil-id-db (PostgreSQL 16). Override if your +# compose project names it differently. +SOIL_ID_DB_CONTAINER ?= terraso-backend-soil-id-db-1 + +# Dump from *inside* the PG16 container so the archive is always restorable by +# the PG16 image. A host pg_dump newer than 16 (e.g. 17/18) writes an archive +# the image's pg_restore 16 cannot read ("unsupported version in file header"), +# which silently breaks build_docker_image. dump_soil_id_db: - pg_dump --format=custom $(DATABASE_URL) -t hwsd2_segment -t hwsd2_data -t landpks_munsell_rgb_lab -t normdist1 -t normdist2 -t wise_soil_data -t wrb2006_to_fao90 -t wrb_fao90_desc -f $(DATABASE_DUMP_FILE) + docker exec $(SOIL_ID_DB_CONTAINER) pg_dump --format=custom -U postgres -d soil_id \ + -t hwsd2_segment -t hwsd2_data -t landpks_munsell_rgb_lab -t normdist1 -t normdist2 \ + -t wise_soil_data -t wrb2006_to_fao90 -t wrb_fao90_desc -f /tmp/soil_id_db.dump + docker cp $(SOIL_ID_DB_CONTAINER):/tmp/soil_id_db.dump $(DATABASE_DUMP_FILE) restore_soil_id_db: pg_restore --dbname=$(DATABASE_URL) --single-transaction --clean --if-exists --no-owner $(DATABASE_DUMP_FILE) diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml index 64e2e80..626a51c 100644 --- a/docker-compose.yml +++ b/docker-compose.yml @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: soil_id services: db: - image: ghcr.io/techmatters/soil-id-db:0.3 + image: ghcr.io/techmatters/soil-id-db:2026-06-23 ports: - "5432:5432" environment: diff --git a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-1.75,13.6].json b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-1.75,13.6].json index 2751abd..eba3467 100644 --- a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-1.75,13.6].json +++ b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-1.75,13.6].json @@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Ferralic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development.
They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity.
These soils are high in iron and have low nutrient retention.", - "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity.
Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation.
Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization.
Increased attention to the supply of phosphorus may be needed, as excessive iron may increase P fixation in these soils. " + "Description_en": "Ferralic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development. They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity. These soils are high in iron and have low nutrient retention.", + "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity. Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation. Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization. Increased attention to the supply of phosphorus may be needed, as excessive iron may increase P fixation in these soils. " } }, "texture": { @@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Haplic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides.
They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients.", - "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield.
High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material.
These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." + "Description_en": "Haplic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides. They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients.", + "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield. High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material. These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." } }, "texture": { @@ -282,8 +282,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Xanthic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides.
They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients.
Xanthic Ferralsols have yellow colored subsoils indicating slightly higher moisture retention. ", - "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and applied fertilizer P or most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield.
High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material.
These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." + "Description_en": "Xanthic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides. They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients. Xanthic Ferralsols have yellow colored subsoils indicating slightly higher moisture retention. ", + "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and applied fertilizer P or most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield. High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material. These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." } }, "texture": { @@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Ferralic Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development.
These soils have a poor ability to retain nutrients due to low cation exchange capacity. Because they retain fewer nutrients they are typically less productive.", - "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients.
The clay type in this soil is extremely weathered, and as such will have low nutrient supplying capacity.
Fertilization will be required to improve productivity. " + "Description_en": "Ferralic Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development. These soils have a poor ability to retain nutrients due to low cation exchange capacity. Because they retain fewer nutrients they are typically less productive.", + "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients. The clay type in this soil is extremely weathered, and as such will have low nutrient supplying capacity. Fertilization will be required to improve productivity. " } }, "texture": { @@ -470,8 +470,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas and have limited profile development with a range of properties.
Hydrological management is essential for production.
Dystric Fluvisols are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive.
Drainage andmanagement of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation.
However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime.
Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion.
Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered.
A low base saturation (presence of Ca, Mg, K) indicates that the soil pH may be low, and liming may be warranted. " + "Description_en": "Dystric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas and have limited profile development with a range of properties. Hydrological management is essential for production. Dystric Fluvisols are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive. Drainage and management of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation. However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime. Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered. A low base saturation (presence of Ca, Mg, K) indicates that the soil pH may be low, and liming may be warranted. " } }, "texture": { @@ -564,8 +564,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year.
Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation.
Dystric Gleysols are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required.
Once drained, these soils can be highly productive.
The water table must be lowered using deep drainage.
Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose.
These soils have little available calcium, magnesium or other bases in the soil, and may require supplemental fertilization.
If needed, liming will supply the calcium, and possibly the magnesium (dolomitic lime).. " + "Description_en": "Dystric Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year. Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation. Dystric Gleysols are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required. Once drained, these soils can be highly productive. The water table must be lowered using deep drainage. Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose. These soils have little available calcium, magnesium or other bases in the soil, and may require supplemental fertilization. If needed, liming will supply the calcium, and possibly the magnesium (dolomitic lime).. " } }, "texture": { @@ -658,8 +658,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Gleyic Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils.
Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use.
These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants.
Gleyic Acrisols have a seasonal high-water table resulting in saturation during some time of the year.", - "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations.
Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop.
Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate) which will take Al out of solution, can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry.
Periods of saturation limit root growth and increase nitrogen loss.
To prevent N loss from leaching anddenitrification consider use of slow-release N fertilizers (sulfur-coated urea (SCU), for example), if those slow-release products are available, or use manures or other organic wastes for their slow-release properties.
Drainage of these soils may be needed, but this can be problematic, as the wetness is due to the high water table. " + "Description_en": "Gleyic Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils. Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use. These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants. Gleyic Acrisols have a seasonal high-water table resulting in saturation during some time of the year.", + "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations. Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop. Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate) which will take Al out of solution, can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. Periods of saturation limit root growth and increase nitrogen loss. To prevent N loss from leaching anddenitrification consider use of slow-release N fertilizers (sulfur-coated urea (SCU), for example), if those slow-release products are available, or use manures or other organic wastes for their slow-release properties. Drainage of these soils may be needed, but this can be problematic, as the wetness is due to the high water table. " } }, "texture": { diff --git a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-10.07856,15.107436].json b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-10.07856,15.107436].json index d867be1..0f5a4b0 100644 --- a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-10.07856,15.107436].json +++ b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-10.07856,15.107436].json @@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Xanthic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides.
They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients.
Xanthic Ferralsols have yellow colored subsoils indicating slightly higher moisture retention. ", - "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and applied fertilizer P or most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield.
High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material.
These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." + "Description_en": "Xanthic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides. They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients. Xanthic Ferralsols have yellow colored subsoils indicating slightly higher moisture retention. ", + "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and applied fertilizer P or most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield. High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material. These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." } }, "texture": { @@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Haplic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides.
They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients.", - "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield.
High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material.
These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." + "Description_en": "Haplic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides. They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients.", + "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield. High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material. These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." } }, "texture": { @@ -282,8 +282,8 @@ "soilDepth": 40 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil.
Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible.
Eutric Leptosols have high base saturation over the shallow root limiting layer. ", - "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled.
Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used.
Onlyuses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
These soils can be productive for agriculture, but the focus should be on use for grazing.
Any use for cropping must be limited and combined with soil conservation practices. " + "Description_en": "Eutric Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil. Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible. Eutric Leptosols have high base saturation over the shallow root limiting layer. ", + "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled. Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used. Onlyuses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. These soils can be productive for agriculture, but the focus should be on use for grazing. Any use for cropping must be limited and combined with soil conservation practices. " } }, "texture": { @@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ "soilDepth": 20 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Lithic Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil.
Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible.
Lithic Leptosols have hard rock within 10 cm of the soil surface. ", - "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled.
Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used.
Only uses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover.
Any agricultural use should be for grazing, with cover continuously maintained. " + "Description_en": "Lithic Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil. Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible. Lithic Leptosols have hard rock within 10 cm of the soil surface. ", + "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled. Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used. Only uses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover. Any agricultural use should be for grazing, with cover continuously maintained. " } }, "texture": { @@ -449,8 +449,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Rhodic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides.
They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients.
Rhodic Ferralsols have dark red subsoils with good soil structure. ", - "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and applied fertilizer P or most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield.
High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material.
These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." + "Description_en": "Rhodic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides. They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients. Rhodic Ferralsols have dark red subsoils with good soil structure. ", + "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and applied fertilizer P or most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield. High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material. These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." } }, "texture": { @@ -519,8 +519,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Ferralic Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development.
These soils have a poor ability to retain nutrients due to low cation exchange capacity. Because they retain fewer nutrients they are typically less productive.", - "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients.
The clay type in this soil is extremely weathered, and as such will have low nutrient supplying capacity.
Fertilization will be required to improve productivity. " + "Description_en": "Ferralic Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development. These soils have a poor ability to retain nutrients due to low cation exchange capacity. Because they retain fewer nutrients they are typically less productive.", + "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients. The clay type in this soil is extremely weathered, and as such will have low nutrient supplying capacity. Fertilization will be required to improve productivity. " } }, "texture": { @@ -582,8 +582,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Chromic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils.
Chromic Luvisols have an iron rich subsoil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices.
However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss.
If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." + "Description_en": "Chromic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils. Chromic Luvisols have an iron rich subsoil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices. However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss. If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." } }, "texture": { @@ -672,8 +672,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Haplic Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils.
Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use.
These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants.", - "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations.
Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop.
Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate, which will take Al out of solution) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. " + "Description_en": "Haplic Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils. Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use. These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants.", + "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations. Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop. Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate, which will take Al out of solution) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. " } }, "texture": { @@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ }, "siteDescription": { "Description_en": "Haplic Lixisols form in warm climates with relatively clayey subsoils dominated by kaolinite and iron oxides, but relatively high base saturation. ", - "Management_en": "These soils are heavily weathered soils, which means that fertilization (and possibly lime) will be needed for production.
Although they do have kaolinite clay and iron oxides, they have fairly low aluminum toxicity.
Best production practices for this soil will include regular fertilization, and consistent cropping in perennial crops or forestry.
The soils are sensitive to erosion, and so practices that maintain surface cover are important. " + "Management_en": "These soils are heavily weathered soils, which means that fertilization (and possibly lime) will be needed for production. Although they do have kaolinite clay and iron oxides, they have fairly low aluminum toxicity. Best production practices for this soil will include regular fertilization, and consistent cropping in perennial crops or forestry. The soils are sensitive to erosion, and so practices that maintain surface cover are important. " } }, "texture": { @@ -860,8 +860,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Xanthic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides.
They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients.
Xanthic Ferralsols have yellow colored subsoils indicating slightly higher moisture retention. ", - "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and applied fertilizer P or most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield.
High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material.
These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." + "Description_en": "Xanthic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides. They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients. Xanthic Ferralsols have yellow colored subsoils indicating slightly higher moisture retention. ", + "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and applied fertilizer P or most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield. High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material. These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." } }, "texture": { @@ -954,8 +954,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Haplic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides.
They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients.", - "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield.
High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material.
These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." + "Description_en": "Haplic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides. They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients.", + "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield. High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material. These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." } }, "texture": { @@ -1048,8 +1048,8 @@ "soilDepth": 40 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil.
Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible.
Eutric Leptosols have high base saturation over the shallow root limiting layer. ", - "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled.
Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used.
Onlyuses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
These soils can be productive for agriculture, but the focus should be on use for grazing.
Any use for cropping must be limited and combined with soil conservation practices. " + "Description_en": "Eutric Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil. Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible. Eutric Leptosols have high base saturation over the shallow root limiting layer. ", + "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled. Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used. Onlyuses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. These soils can be productive for agriculture, but the focus should be on use for grazing. Any use for cropping must be limited and combined with soil conservation practices. " } }, "texture": { @@ -1142,8 +1142,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Rhodic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides.
They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients.
Rhodic Ferralsols have dark red subsoils with good soil structure. ", - "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and applied fertilizer P or most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield.
High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material.
These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." + "Description_en": "Rhodic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides. They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients. Rhodic Ferralsols have dark red subsoils with good soil structure. ", + "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and applied fertilizer P or most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield. High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material. These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." } }, "texture": { @@ -1236,8 +1236,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Ferralic Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development.
These soils have a poor ability to retain nutrients due to low cation exchange capacity. Because they retain fewer nutrients they are typically less productive.", - "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients.
The clay type in this soil is extremely weathered, and as such will have low nutrient supplying capacity.
Fertilization will be required to improve productivity. " + "Description_en": "Ferralic Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development. These soils have a poor ability to retain nutrients due to low cation exchange capacity. Because they retain fewer nutrients they are typically less productive.", + "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients. The clay type in this soil is extremely weathered, and as such will have low nutrient supplying capacity. Fertilization will be required to improve productivity. " } }, "texture": { diff --git a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-10.950086,17.573093].json b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-10.950086,17.573093].json index 4e7a0a9..99110c4 100644 --- a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-10.950086,17.573093].json +++ b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-10.950086,17.573093].json @@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Gleyic Alisols are acidic soils that are often found on hilly areas, and are thus prone to erosion.
They also have high levels of soluble aluminum, which is toxic to plants.
They are shallow soils and usually unproductive for cropping, and so their use should be limited to low volume grazing or other uses with continuous plant cover.
These soils experience prolonged saturation from shallow groundwater. ", - "Management_en": "Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate), which takes Al out of solution, can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry.
Although not usually recommended, if the soil is used for cultivated cropping then fertilization should be combined with crop rotation andcover crops, or other means of organic matter addition for the development of improved fertility and water holding capacity.
Drainage of these soils may be needed. However, since this is saturation via groundwater this may not be possible, and thus shallow-rooted crops should be considered.
If fertilized and not drained, loss of applied nitrogen (N) by denitrification or leaching is possible.
More efficient crop N use in these soils can be achieved by: 1) drainage, and, 2) use of slow-release N fertilizers. " + "Description_en": "Gleyic Alisols are acidic soils that are often found on hilly areas, and are thus prone to erosion. They also have high levels of soluble aluminum, which is toxic to plants. They are shallow soils and usually unproductive for cropping, and so their use should be limited to low volume grazing or other uses with continuous plant cover. These soils experience prolonged saturation from shallow groundwater. ", + "Management_en": "Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate), which takes Al out of solution, can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. Although not usually recommended, if the soil is used for cultivated cropping then fertilization should be combined with crop rotation andcover crops, or other means of organic matter addition for the development of improved fertility and water holding capacity. Drainage of these soils may be needed. However, since this is saturation via groundwater this may not be possible, and thus shallow-rooted crops should be considered. If fertilized and not drained, loss of applied nitrogen (N) by denitrification or leaching is possible. More efficient crop N use in these soils can be achieved by: 1) drainage, and, 2) use of slow-release N fertilizers. " } }, "texture": { @@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Haplic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides.
They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients.", - "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield.
High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material.
These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." + "Description_en": "Haplic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides. They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients.", + "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield. High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material. These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." } }, "texture": { @@ -282,8 +282,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Umbric Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year.
Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation.
Umbric Gleysols have relatively higher organic matter but lower nutrients in surface horizons.", - "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required.
Once drained, these soils can be highly productive.
The water table must be lowered using deep drainage.
Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose.
The surface soil pH is low in these soils, and liming will likely be required. " + "Description_en": "Umbric Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year. Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation. Umbric Gleysols have relatively higher organic matter but lower nutrients in surface horizons.", + "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required. Once drained, these soils can be highly productive. The water table must be lowered using deep drainage. Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose. The surface soil pH is low in these soils, and liming will likely be required. " } }, "texture": { @@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Rhodic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides.
They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients.
Rhodic Ferralsols have dark red subsoils with good soil structure. ", - "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and applied fertilizer P or most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield.
High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material.
These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." + "Description_en": "Rhodic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides. They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients. Rhodic Ferralsols have dark red subsoils with good soil structure. ", + "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and applied fertilizer P or most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield. High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material. These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." } }, "texture": { @@ -470,8 +470,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Gleyic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development.
They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity.
These soils are saturated with shallow groundwater above one meter.", - "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity.
Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation.
Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization.
Drainage of these soils may be needed.
However, since this is saturation from groundwater installation of drainage lines may not be possible, and thus shallow-rooted crops should be considered.
If fertilized and not drained the loss of applied nitrogen (N) by denitrification or leaching is possible.
More efficient crop N use in these soils can be achieved by: 1) drainage, and, 2) use of slow-release N fertilizers (if available). " + "Description_en": "Gleyic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development. They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity. These soils are saturated with shallow groundwater above one meter.", + "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity. Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation. Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization. Drainage of these soils may be needed. However, since this is saturation from groundwater installation of drainage lines may not be possible, and thus shallow-rooted crops should be considered. If fertilized and not drained the loss of applied nitrogen (N) by denitrification or leaching is possible. More efficient crop N use in these soils can be achieved by: 1) drainage, and, 2) use of slow-release N fertilizers (if available). " } }, "texture": { @@ -543,8 +543,8 @@ "soilDepth": 40 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil.
Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible.
Eutric Leptosols have high base saturation over the shallow root limiting layer. ", - "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled.
Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used.
Onlyuses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
These soils can be productive for agriculture, but the focus should be on use for grazing.
Any use for cropping must be limited and combined with soil conservation practices. " + "Description_en": "Eutric Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil. Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible. Eutric Leptosols have high base saturation over the shallow root limiting layer. ", + "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled. Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used. Onlyuses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. These soils can be productive for agriculture, but the focus should be on use for grazing. Any use for cropping must be limited and combined with soil conservation practices. " } }, "texture": { @@ -634,8 +634,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Xanthic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides.
They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients.
Xanthic Ferralsols have yellow colored subsoils indicating slightly higher moisture retention. ", - "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and applied fertilizer P or most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield.
High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material.
These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." + "Description_en": "Xanthic Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides. They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients. Xanthic Ferralsols have yellow colored subsoils indicating slightly higher moisture retention. ", + "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and applied fertilizer P or most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield. High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material. These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." } }, "texture": { @@ -728,8 +728,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas and have limited profile development with a range of properties.
Hydrological management is essential for production.
Dystric Fluvisols are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive.
Drainage andmanagement of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation.
However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime.
Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion.
Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered.
A low base saturation (presence of Ca, Mg, K) indicates that the soil pH may be low, and liming may be warranted. " + "Description_en": "Dystric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas and have limited profile development with a range of properties. Hydrological management is essential for production. Dystric Fluvisols are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive. Drainage and management of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation. However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime. Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered. A low base saturation (presence of Ca, Mg, K) indicates that the soil pH may be low, and liming may be warranted. " } }, "texture": { @@ -822,8 +822,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas, and have limited profile development with a range of properties.
Hydrological management is essential for production.
Eutric Fluvisols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil. ", - "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive.
Drainage andmanagement of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation.
However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime.
Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion.
Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." + "Description_en": "Eutric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas, and have limited profile development with a range of properties. Hydrological management is essential for production. Eutric Fluvisols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil. ", + "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive. Drainage and management of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation. However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime. Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." } }, "texture": { @@ -916,8 +916,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Ferralic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development.
They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity.
These soils are high in iron and have low nutrient retention.", - "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity.
Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation.
Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization.
Increased attention to the supply of phosphorus may be needed, as excessive iron may increase P fixation in these soils. " + "Description_en": "Ferralic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development. They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity. These soils are high in iron and have low nutrient retention.", + "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity. Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation. Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization. Increased attention to the supply of phosphorus may be needed, as excessive iron may increase P fixation in these soils. " } }, "texture": { @@ -1010,8 +1010,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Fibric Histosols are organic soils that typically form in wet environments.
Their properties are largely dependent on the type and degree of decomposition of the organic soil materials.
The soils can be productive with intensive management including soil drainage but their fragile nature and habitat suggests preservation of these soils is warranted where possible.
When cultivated, subsidence and sulfide oxidation present management challenges.
Fibric Histosols have relatively undecomposed organic soil materials.
Thus, they have a slightly lower bulk density and higher water content. ", - "Management_en": "These soils can be some of our most productive soils, especially for specialty crops such as vegetables.
However, they must be drained for use, and this will lead to subsidence of the soil, as exposed peat is rapidly mineralized, and organic matter content quickly drops.
This will lead to increasingly acid soils, and thus regularliming will be needed.
These organic soils must be managed differently from mineral soils, and techniques that minimize organic matter degradation are a priority. " + "Description_en": "Fibric Histosols are organic soils that typically form in wet environments. Their properties are largely dependent on the type and degree of decomposition of the organic soil materials. The soils can be productive with intensive management including soil drainage but their fragile nature and habitat suggests preservation of these soils is warranted where possible. When cultivated, subsidence and sulfide oxidation present management challenges. Fibric Histosols have relatively undecomposed organic soil materials. Thus, they have a slightly lower bulk density and higher water content. ", + "Management_en": "These soils can be some of our most productive soils, especially for specialty crops such as vegetables. However, they must be drained for use, and this will lead to subsidence of the soil, as exposed peat is rapidly mineralized, and organic matter content quickly drops. This will lead to increasingly acid soils, and thus regularliming will be needed. These organic soils must be managed differently from mineral soils, and techniques that minimize organic matter degradation are a priority. " } }, "texture": { diff --git a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-19.13333,145.5125].json b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-19.13333,145.5125].json index 67aa19f..6a1078d 100644 --- a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-19.13333,145.5125].json +++ b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-19.13333,145.5125].json @@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Chromic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils.
Chromic Luvisols have an iron rich subsoil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices.
However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss.
If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." + "Description_en": "Chromic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils. Chromic Luvisols have an iron rich subsoil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices. However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss. If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." } }, "texture": { @@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Planosols are seasonally ponded or saturated with water in the upper portion due to a slowly permeable, clay-rich subsoil.
These soils are prone to compaction and require drainage for crop production.
Eutric Planosols are relatively productive soils with high base saturation in the subsoil.", - "Management_en": "Located on flat land, these soils are best suited for paddy rice production.
Drainage will be required for production.
Highest yields will require additional fertilization." + "Description_en": "Eutric Planosols are seasonally ponded or saturated with water in the upper portion due to a slowly permeable, clay-rich subsoil. These soils are prone to compaction and require drainage for crop production. Eutric Planosols are relatively productive soils with high base saturation in the subsoil.", + "Management_en": "Located on flat land, these soils are best suited for paddy rice production. Drainage will be required for production. Highest yields will require additional fertilization." } }, "texture": { @@ -282,8 +282,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Albic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development.
They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity.
These soils are highly leached with low nutrients and available water.", - "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity.
Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation.
Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization.
These soils should have particular attention paid to minimizing nutrient loss during fertilization.
If available, slow release N sources should be considered, or more frequent application of N at lower rates. " + "Description_en": "Albic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development. They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity. These soils are highly leached with low nutrients and available water.", + "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity. Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation. Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization. These soils should have particular attention paid to minimizing nutrient loss during fertilization. If available, slow release N sources should be considered, or more frequent application of N at lower rates. " } }, "texture": { @@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Cambic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development.
They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity.
Cambic Arenosols have a minimally developed subsoil horizon that can retain slightly higher amounts of nutrients and water.", - "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity.
Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation.
Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization. " + "Description_en": "Cambic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development. They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity. Cambic Arenosols have a minimally developed subsoil horizon that can retain slightly higher amounts of nutrients and water.", + "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity. Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation. Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization. " } }, "texture": { @@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ }, "siteDescription": { "Description_en": "Haplic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils.", - "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices.
However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss.
If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." + "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices. However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss. If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." } }, "texture": { @@ -564,8 +564,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity.
Dystric Regosols have low base saturation in the subsoil. ", - "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought.
They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope.
The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover.
Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils.
With a low base saturation these soils may respond to addition of bases such as potassium, calcium or magnesium. " + "Description_en": "Dystric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity. Dystric Regosols have low base saturation in the subsoil. ", + "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought. They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope. The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover. Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. With a low base saturation these soils may respond to addition of bases such as potassium, calcium or magnesium. " } }, "texture": { @@ -658,8 +658,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Calcic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils.
Calcic Luvisols have calcareous subsoils.", - "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices.
However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss.
If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops.
These soils will have large amounts of free calcium carbonate in the subsample, and thus the soil pH will be > 7.0. " + "Description_en": "Calcic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils. Calcic Luvisols have calcareous subsoils.", + "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices. However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss. If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops. These soils will have large amounts of free calcium carbonate in the subsample, and thus the soil pH will be > 7.0. " } }, "texture": { @@ -752,8 +752,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils.
Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use.
These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants.", - "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations.
Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop.
Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate, which will take Al out of solution) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. " + "Description_en": "Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils. Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use. These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants.", + "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations. Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop. Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate, which will take Al out of solution) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. " } }, "texture": { @@ -846,8 +846,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides.
They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients. ", - "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield.
High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material.
These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." + "Description_en": "Ferralsols are well developed soils in humid, warm climates that are dominated by low activity minerals such as kaolinite and iron and aluminum oxides. They often have good physical properties but are acid, relatively infertile, have high P fixation, and have limited ability to retain nutrients. ", + "Management_en": "soils are prone to phosphorus fixation, and most soil P will not be immediately available for crop uptake and use. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield. High levels of soluble aluminum can also be present in these soils, and it is toxic to plants. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Since these soils are infertile they will require applications of plant nutrients for best crop performance, applied either by fertilization or inclusion of crop residues, manures or other nutrient-rich organic material. These soils have a limited ability to retain nitrogen fertilizer. Slow-release nitrogen sources should be considered, if available, or more frequent application of soluble sources at a lower rate with each application could be used." } }, "texture": { @@ -940,8 +940,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Haplic Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils.
Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use.
These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants.", - "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations.
Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop.
Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate, which will take Al out of solution) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. " + "Description_en": "Haplic Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils. Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use. These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants.", + "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations. Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop. Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate, which will take Al out of solution) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. " } }, "texture": { @@ -1034,8 +1034,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Planosols are seasonally ponded or saturated with water in the upper portion due to a slowly permeable, clay-rich subsoil.
These soils are prone to compaction and require drainage for crop production.
Dystric Planosols are less productive soils with low base saturation in the subsoil.", - "Management_en": "Located on flat land, these soils are best suited for paddy rice production.
Drainage will be required for production.
Highest yields will require additional fertilization.
Very low levels of calcium are available in the lower profile of this soil.
Supplemental fertilization will be needed." + "Description_en": "Dystric Planosols are seasonally ponded or saturated with water in the upper portion due to a slowly permeable, clay-rich subsoil. These soils are prone to compaction and require drainage for crop production. Dystric Planosols are less productive soils with low base saturation in the subsoil.", + "Management_en": "Located on flat land, these soils are best suited for paddy rice production. Drainage will be required for production. Highest yields will require additional fertilization. Very low levels of calcium are available in the lower profile of this soil. Supplemental fertilization will be needed." } }, "texture": { @@ -1128,8 +1128,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development.
These are productive soils with high base saturation (Ca, Mg and K) in the upper portion of soil. ", - "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients.
Eutric Cambisols will have high base saturation, which means that the available soil nutrients will be predominantly calcium, potassium, and magnesium.
These soils are well suited for crop production, and can be intensively used.
Fertilization should be used to improve productivity, and irrigation can be included to further boost productivity. " + "Description_en": "Eutric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development. These are productive soils with high base saturation (Ca, Mg and K) in the upper portion of soil. ", + "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients. Eutric Cambisols will have high base saturation, which means that the available soil nutrients will be predominantly calcium, potassium, and magnesium. These soils are well suited for crop production, and can be intensively used. Fertilization should be used to improve productivity, and irrigation can be included to further boost productivity. " } }, "texture": { @@ -1222,8 +1222,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Chromic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils.
Chromic Luvisols have an iron rich subsoil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices.
However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss.
If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." + "Description_en": "Chromic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils. Chromic Luvisols have an iron rich subsoil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices. However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss. If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." } }, "texture": { @@ -1316,8 +1316,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Chromic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils.
Chromic Luvisols have an iron rich subsoil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices.
However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss.
If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." + "Description_en": "Chromic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils. Chromic Luvisols have an iron rich subsoil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices. However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss. If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." } }, "texture": { @@ -1410,8 +1410,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Planosols are seasonally ponded or saturated with water in the upper portion due to a slowly permeable, clay-rich subsoil.
These soils are prone to compaction and require drainage for crop production.
Eutric Planosols are relatively productive soils with high base saturation in the subsoil.", - "Management_en": "Located on flat land, these soils are best suited for paddy rice production.
Drainage will be required for production.
Highest yields will require additional fertilization." + "Description_en": "Eutric Planosols are seasonally ponded or saturated with water in the upper portion due to a slowly permeable, clay-rich subsoil. These soils are prone to compaction and require drainage for crop production. Eutric Planosols are relatively productive soils with high base saturation in the subsoil.", + "Management_en": "Located on flat land, these soils are best suited for paddy rice production. Drainage will be required for production. Highest yields will require additional fertilization." } }, "texture": { @@ -1504,8 +1504,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Albic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development.
They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity.
These soils are highly leached with low nutrients and available water.", - "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity.
Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation.
Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization.
These soils should have particular attention paid to minimizing nutrient loss during fertilization.
If available, slow release N sources should be considered, or more frequent application of N at lower rates. " + "Description_en": "Albic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development. They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity. These soils are highly leached with low nutrients and available water.", + "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity. Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation. Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization. These soils should have particular attention paid to minimizing nutrient loss during fertilization. If available, slow release N sources should be considered, or more frequent application of N at lower rates. " } }, "texture": { @@ -1599,7 +1599,7 @@ }, "siteDescription": { "Description_en": "Haplic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils.", - "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices.
However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss.
If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." + "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices. However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss. If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." } }, "texture": { @@ -1692,8 +1692,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Calcic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils.
Calcic Luvisols have calcareous subsoils.", - "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices.
However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss.
If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops.
These soils will have large amounts of free calcium carbonate in the subsample, and thus the soil pH will be > 7.0. " + "Description_en": "Calcic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils. Calcic Luvisols have calcareous subsoils.", + "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices. However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss. If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops. These soils will have large amounts of free calcium carbonate in the subsample, and thus the soil pH will be > 7.0. " } }, "texture": { @@ -1786,8 +1786,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils.
Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use.
These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants.", - "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations.
Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop.
Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate, which will take Al out of solution) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. " + "Description_en": "Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils. Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use. These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants.", + "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations. Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop. Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate, which will take Al out of solution) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. " } }, "texture": { diff --git a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-2.06972,37.29].json b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-2.06972,37.29].json index 11ab1e7..0484b39 100644 --- a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-2.06972,37.29].json +++ b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-2.06972,37.29].json @@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Ferralic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development.
They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity.
These soils are high in iron and have low nutrient retention.", - "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity.
Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation.
Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization.
Increased attention to the supply of phosphorus may be needed, as excessive iron may increase P fixation in these soils. " + "Description_en": "Ferralic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development. They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity. These soils are high in iron and have low nutrient retention.", + "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity. Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation. Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization. Increased attention to the supply of phosphorus may be needed, as excessive iron may increase P fixation in these soils. " } }, "texture": { @@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Vertisols are clayey soils that are sticky and plastic when wet and hard and massive when dry.
These soils generally have favorable chemical properties but the high amount of expansive clay presents challenging physical properties particularly with regard to water management.
Eutric Vertisols are relatively productive soils with high base saturation in the subsoil.", - "Management_en": "Vertisols can be highly productive soils, yet the characteristics of the clay in this soil can make management an issue.
Due to the clay type these soils swell when wet and shrink when dry, creating issues for cultivation (avoid excessive tillage when wet), or other issues such as construction.
Their fertility makes them suitable for agriculture, but additional fertilization will be needed for best productivity.
Additionally, water management is a key, and practices that promote drainage and water infiltration are needed.
With proper drainage and water management, these soils can be highly productive, as the native soil fertility is high. " + "Description_en": "Eutric Vertisols are clayey soils that are sticky and plastic when wet and hard and massive when dry. These soils generally have favorable chemical properties but the high amount of expansive clay presents challenging physical properties particularly with regard to water management. Eutric Vertisols are relatively productive soils with high base saturation in the subsoil.", + "Management_en": "Vertisols can be highly productive soils, yet the characteristics of the clay in this soil can make management an issue. Due to the clay type these soils swell when wet and shrink when dry, creating issues for cultivation (avoid excessive tillage when wet), or other issues such as construction. Their fertility makes them suitable for agriculture, but additional fertilization will be needed for best productivity. Additionally, water management is a key, and practices that promote drainage and water infiltration are needed. With proper drainage and water management, these soils can be highly productive, as the native soil fertility is high. " } }, "texture": { @@ -282,8 +282,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Chromic Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development.
These are well drained soils, with intense color.
When climate and landscape are favorable, they can be productive soils. ", - "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients.
These soils are well suited for crop production, and can be intensively used.
Fertilization should be used to improve productivity, and irrigation can be included to further boost productivity. " + "Description_en": "Chromic Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development. These are well drained soils, with intense color. When climate and landscape are favorable, they can be productive soils. ", + "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients. These soils are well suited for crop production, and can be intensively used. Fertilization should be used to improve productivity, and irrigation can be included to further boost productivity. " } }, "texture": { @@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity.
Dystric Regosols have low base saturation in the subsoil. ", - "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought.
They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope.
The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover.
Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils.
With a low base saturation these soils may respond to addition of bases such as potassium, calcium or magnesium. " + "Description_en": "Dystric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity. Dystric Regosols have low base saturation in the subsoil. ", + "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought. They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope. The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover. Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. With a low base saturation these soils may respond to addition of bases such as potassium, calcium or magnesium. " } }, "texture": { @@ -470,8 +470,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Haplic Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils.
Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use.
These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants.", - "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations.
Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop.
Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate, which will take Al out of solution) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. " + "Description_en": "Haplic Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils. Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use. These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants.", + "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations. Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop. Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate, which will take Al out of solution) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. " } }, "texture": { @@ -564,8 +564,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Calcic Vertisols are clayey soils that are sticky and plastic when wet and hard and massive when dry.
These soils generally have favorable chemical properties but the high amount of expansive clay presents challenging physical properties particularly with regard to water management.
Calcic Vertisols are calcareous in a soil layer below the surface.", - "Management_en": "Vertisols can be highly productive soils, yet the characteristics of the clay in this soil can make management an issue.
Due to the clay type these soils swell when wet and shrink when dry, creating issues for cultivation (avoid excessive tillage when wet), or other issues such as construction.
Their fertility makes them suitable for agriculture, but additional fertilization will be needed for best productivity.
Additionally, water management is a key, and practices that promote drainage and water infiltration are needed. " + "Description_en": "Calcic Vertisols are clayey soils that are sticky and plastic when wet and hard and massive when dry. These soils generally have favorable chemical properties but the high amount of expansive clay presents challenging physical properties particularly with regard to water management. Calcic Vertisols are calcareous in a soil layer below the surface.", + "Management_en": "Vertisols can be highly productive soils, yet the characteristics of the clay in this soil can make management an issue. Due to the clay type these soils swell when wet and shrink when dry, creating issues for cultivation (avoid excessive tillage when wet), or other issues such as construction. Their fertility makes them suitable for agriculture, but additional fertilization will be needed for best productivity. Additionally, water management is a key, and practices that promote drainage and water infiltration are needed. " } }, "texture": { @@ -658,8 +658,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Chromic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils.
Chromic Luvisols have an iron rich subsoil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices.
However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss.
If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." + "Description_en": "Chromic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils. Chromic Luvisols have an iron rich subsoil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices. However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss. If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." } }, "texture": { @@ -752,8 +752,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development.
These are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients.
Because this soil has a low base saturation, the application of bases (through fertlization) may be needed for most productive crop yield.
If the soil pH is low calcium (and possibly magnesium, if dolomitic lime is used) can be supplied through the addition of lime.
If the soil pH is suitable for crop production then gypsum (CaSO4) can be used as the Ca source, if needed, or other sources such as MgSO4 could be applied (if soil test indicates a need).
Proper fertilization will also supply potassium, if soil test indicates a need. " + "Description_en": "Dystric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development. These are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients. Because this soil has a low base saturation, the application of bases (through fertlization) may be needed for most productive crop yield. If the soil pH is low calcium (and possibly magnesium, if dolomitic lime is used) can be supplied through the addition of lime. If the soil pH is suitable for crop production then gypsum (CaSO4) can be used as the Ca source, if needed, or other sources such as MgSO4 could be applied (if soil test indicates a need). Proper fertilization will also supply potassium, if soil test indicates a need. " } }, "texture": { @@ -846,8 +846,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Calcaric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development.
These soils are calcareous in a soil layer below the surface.", - "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients.
These soils are well suited for crop production, and can be intensively used.
Fertilization should be used to improve productivity, and irrigation can be included to further boost productivity. " + "Description_en": "Calcaric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development. These soils are calcareous in a soil layer below the surface.", + "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients. These soils are well suited for crop production, and can be intensively used. Fertilization should be used to improve productivity, and irrigation can be included to further boost productivity. " } }, "texture": { @@ -940,8 +940,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Calcaric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas and have limited profile development with a range of properties.
Hydrological management is essential for production.
Calcaric Fluvisols have carbonates and high pH in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive.
Drainage andmanagement of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation.
Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion.
Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." + "Description_en": "Calcaric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas and have limited profile development with a range of properties. Hydrological management is essential for production. Calcaric Fluvisols have carbonates and high pH in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive. Drainage and management of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation. Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." } }, "texture": { @@ -1034,8 +1034,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Calcic Solonchaks are soils that contain salts at or near the soil surface that form in either deserts or close to coastlines.
Calcic Solonchaks are calcareous in a soil layer below the surface.", - "Management_en": "These soils are typically high in total salts.
They have very poor productivity, and cannot be used unless high quality irrigation is available to remove accumulated salts.
These soils are not well suited for agriculture and are best used for grazing, or left fallow.
The soil pH in the upper soil layer will be high (> 7.0) " + "Description_en": "Calcic Solonchaks are soils that contain salts at or near the soil surface that form in either deserts or close to coastlines. Calcic Solonchaks are calcareous in a soil layer below the surface.", + "Management_en": "These soils are typically high in total salts. They have very poor productivity, and cannot be used unless high quality irrigation is available to remove accumulated salts. These soils are not well suited for agriculture and are best used for grazing, or left fallow. The soil pH in the upper soil layer will be high (> 7.0) " } }, "texture": { @@ -1128,8 +1128,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas, and have limited profile development with a range of properties.
Hydrological management is essential for production.
Eutric Fluvisols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil. ", - "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive.
Drainage andmanagement of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation.
However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime.
Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion.
Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." + "Description_en": "Eutric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas, and have limited profile development with a range of properties. Hydrological management is essential for production. Eutric Fluvisols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil. ", + "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive. Drainage and management of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation. However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime. Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." } }, "texture": { @@ -1222,8 +1222,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Chromic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils.
Chromic Luvisols have an iron rich subsoil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices.
However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss.
If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." + "Description_en": "Chromic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils. Chromic Luvisols have an iron rich subsoil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices. However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss. If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." } }, "texture": { @@ -1316,8 +1316,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development.
These are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients.
Because this soil has a low base saturation, the application of bases (through fertlization) may be needed for most productive crop yield.
If the soil pH is low calcium (and possibly magnesium, if dolomitic lime is used) can be supplied through the addition of lime.
If the soil pH is suitable for crop production then gypsum (CaSO4) can be used as the Ca source, if needed, or other sources such as MgSO4 could be applied (if soil test indicates a need).
Proper fertilization will also supply potassium, if soil test indicates a need. " + "Description_en": "Dystric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development. These are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients. Because this soil has a low base saturation, the application of bases (through fertlization) may be needed for most productive crop yield. If the soil pH is low calcium (and possibly magnesium, if dolomitic lime is used) can be supplied through the addition of lime. If the soil pH is suitable for crop production then gypsum (CaSO4) can be used as the Ca source, if needed, or other sources such as MgSO4 could be applied (if soil test indicates a need). Proper fertilization will also supply potassium, if soil test indicates a need. " } }, "texture": { diff --git a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-24.53333,33.36667].json b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-24.53333,33.36667].json index dae72db..3a84dd3 100644 --- a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-24.53333,33.36667].json +++ b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[-24.53333,33.36667].json @@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Salic Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas and have limited profile development with a range of properties.
Hydrological management is essential for production.
Salic Fluvisols have high salinity in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive.
Drainage andmanagement of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation.
However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime.
Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion.
Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered.
Leaching with a high quality (low salinity) water source will be needed to move salts out of the rooting zone.
Use of salt tolerant crops and varieties is also recommended.
Last, management of fertilization programs to avoid overapplication and accumulation of salts is needed. " + "Description_en": "Salic Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas and have limited profile development with a range of properties. Hydrological management is essential for production. Salic Fluvisols have high salinity in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive. Drainage and management of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation. However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime. Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered. Leaching with a high quality (low salinity) water source will be needed to move salts out of the rooting zone. Use of salt tolerant crops and varieties is also recommended. Last, management of fertilization programs to avoid overapplication and accumulation of salts is needed. " } }, "texture": { @@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Cambic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development.
They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity.
Cambic Arenosols have a minimally developed subsoil horizon that can retain slightly higher amounts of nutrients and water.", - "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity.
Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation.
Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization. " + "Description_en": "Cambic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development. They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity. Cambic Arenosols have a minimally developed subsoil horizon that can retain slightly higher amounts of nutrients and water.", + "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity. Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation. Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization. " } }, "texture": { @@ -282,8 +282,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas, and have limited profile development with a range of properties.
Hydrological management is essential for production.
Eutric Fluvisols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil. ", - "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive.
Drainage andmanagement of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation.
However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime.
Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion.
Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." + "Description_en": "Eutric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas, and have limited profile development with a range of properties. Hydrological management is essential for production. Eutric Fluvisols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil. ", + "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive. Drainage and management of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation. However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime. Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." } }, "texture": { @@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Haplic Solonetzs have strongly structured clay rich subsoils with high exchangeable sodium.
Productivity of these soils depends on the depth of surface horizons above these subsoils.", - "Management_en": "These are likely to have high sodium in subsurface horizons which results in poor soil structure and poor infiltration.
The soils will appear wet, but plants will wilt.
To improve internal drainage, gypsum should be applied to displace the sodium, followed by leaching with higher quality water to move the displaced sodium from the rooting zone.
If the soils can be reclaimed by the application of gypsum and leaching of sodium, they may be suitable for grazing or cultivation.
Selection of sodium tolerant crops is also an option, and should be used for maintenance.
Cultivation is more suited when these soils are located in temperate regions, and the surface soil is higher in organic matter. " + "Description_en": "Haplic Solonetzs have strongly structured clay rich subsoils with high exchangeable sodium. Productivity of these soils depends on the depth of surface horizons above these subsoils.", + "Management_en": "These are likely to have high sodium in subsurface horizons which results in poor soil structure and poor infiltration. The soils will appear wet, but plants will wilt. To improve internal drainage, gypsum should be applied to displace the sodium, followed by leaching with higher quality water to move the displaced sodium from the rooting zone. If the soils can be reclaimed by the application of gypsum and leaching of sodium, they may be suitable for grazing or cultivation. Selection of sodium tolerant crops is also an option, and should be used for maintenance. Cultivation is more suited when these soils are located in temperate regions, and the surface soil is higher in organic matter. " } }, "texture": { @@ -470,8 +470,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Mollic Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas and have limited profile development with a range of properties.
Hydrological management is essential for production.
Mollic Fluvisols have relatively higher organic matter and nutrients in surface horizons.", - "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive.
Drainage andmanagement of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation.
However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime.
Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion.
Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." + "Description_en": "Mollic Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas and have limited profile development with a range of properties. Hydrological management is essential for production. Mollic Fluvisols have relatively higher organic matter and nutrients in surface horizons.", + "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive. Drainage and management of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation. However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime. Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." } }, "texture": { @@ -564,8 +564,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Ferralic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development.
They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity.
These soils are high in iron and have low nutrient retention.", - "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity.
Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation.
Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization.
Increased attention to the supply of phosphorus may be needed, as excessive iron may increase P fixation in these soils. " + "Description_en": "Ferralic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development. They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity. These soils are high in iron and have low nutrient retention.", + "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity. Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation. Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization. Increased attention to the supply of phosphorus may be needed, as excessive iron may increase P fixation in these soils. " } }, "texture": { @@ -658,8 +658,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Planosols are seasonally ponded or saturated with water in the upper portion due to a slowly permeable, clay-rich subsoil.
These soils are prone to compaction and require drainage for crop production.
Eutric Planosols are relatively productive soils with high base saturation in the subsoil.", - "Management_en": "Located on flat land, these soils are best suited for paddy rice production.
Drainage will be required for production.
Highest yields will require additional fertilization." + "Description_en": "Eutric Planosols are seasonally ponded or saturated with water in the upper portion due to a slowly permeable, clay-rich subsoil. These soils are prone to compaction and require drainage for crop production. Eutric Planosols are relatively productive soils with high base saturation in the subsoil.", + "Management_en": "Located on flat land, these soils are best suited for paddy rice production. Drainage will be required for production. Highest yields will require additional fertilization." } }, "texture": { @@ -752,8 +752,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Gleyic Solonetz have strongly structured clay rich subsoils with high exchangeable sodium.
Productivity of these soils depends on the depth of surface horizons above these subsoils.
Gleyic Solonetz are saturated with shallow groundwater within one meter of the soil surface.", - "Management_en": "These are likely to have high sodium in subsurface horizons which results in poor soil structure and poor infiltration.
The soils will appear wet, but plants will wilt.
Drainage of these soils will be needed, both to eliminate standing water and remediate sodicity issues.
To further improve internal drainage, gypsum should be applied to displace the sodium, followed by leaching with higher quality water to move the displaced sodium from the rooting zone.
If the soils can be reclaimed by the application of gypsum and leaching of sodium, they may be suitable for grazing or cultivation.
Selection of sodium tolerant crops is also an option, and should be used for maintenance.
Cultivation is more suited when these soils are located in temperate regions, and the surface soil is higher in organic matter. " + "Description_en": "Gleyic Solonetz have strongly structured clay rich subsoils with high exchangeable sodium. Productivity of these soils depends on the depth of surface horizons above these subsoils. Gleyic Solonetz are saturated with shallow groundwater within one meter of the soil surface.", + "Management_en": "These are likely to have high sodium in subsurface horizons which results in poor soil structure and poor infiltration. The soils will appear wet, but plants will wilt. Drainage of these soils will be needed, both to eliminate standing water and remediate sodicity issues. To further improve internal drainage, gypsum should be applied to displace the sodium, followed by leaching with higher quality water to move the displaced sodium from the rooting zone. If the soils can be reclaimed by the application of gypsum and leaching of sodium, they may be suitable for grazing or cultivation. Selection of sodium tolerant crops is also an option, and should be used for maintenance. Cultivation is more suited when these soils are located in temperate regions, and the surface soil is higher in organic matter. " } }, "texture": { @@ -846,8 +846,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Umbric Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year.
Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation.
Umbric Gleysols have relatively higher organic matter but lower nutrients in surface horizons.", - "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required.
Once drained, these soils can be highly productive.
The water table must be lowered using deep drainage.
Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose.
The surface soil pH is low in these soils, and liming will likely be required. " + "Description_en": "Umbric Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year. Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation. Umbric Gleysols have relatively higher organic matter but lower nutrients in surface horizons.", + "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required. Once drained, these soils can be highly productive. The water table must be lowered using deep drainage. Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose. The surface soil pH is low in these soils, and liming will likely be required. " } }, "texture": { @@ -940,8 +940,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Gleyic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development.
They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity.
These soils are saturated with shallow groundwater above one meter.", - "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity.
Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation.
Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization.
Drainage of these soils may be needed.
However, since this is saturation from groundwater installation of drainage lines may not be possible, and thus shallow-rooted crops should be considered.
If fertilized and not drained the loss of applied nitrogen (N) by denitrification or leaching is possible.
More efficient crop N use in these soils can be achieved by: 1) drainage, and, 2) use of slow-release N fertilizers (if available). " + "Description_en": "Gleyic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development. They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity. These soils are saturated with shallow groundwater above one meter.", + "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity. Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation. Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization. Drainage of these soils may be needed. However, since this is saturation from groundwater installation of drainage lines may not be possible, and thus shallow-rooted crops should be considered. If fertilized and not drained the loss of applied nitrogen (N) by denitrification or leaching is possible. More efficient crop N use in these soils can be achieved by: 1) drainage, and, 2) use of slow-release N fertilizers (if available). " } }, "texture": { @@ -1034,8 +1034,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Cambic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development.
They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity.
Cambic Arenosols have a minimally developed subsoil horizon that can retain slightly higher amounts of nutrients and water.", - "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity.
Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation.
Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization. " + "Description_en": "Cambic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development. They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity. Cambic Arenosols have a minimally developed subsoil horizon that can retain slightly higher amounts of nutrients and water.", + "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity. Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation. Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization. " } }, "texture": { @@ -1128,8 +1128,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas, and have limited profile development with a range of properties.
Hydrological management is essential for production.
Eutric Fluvisols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil. ", - "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive.
Drainage andmanagement of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation.
However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime.
Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion.
Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." + "Description_en": "Eutric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas, and have limited profile development with a range of properties. Hydrological management is essential for production. Eutric Fluvisols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil. ", + "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive. Drainage and management of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation. However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime. Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." } }, "texture": { diff --git a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[15.73333,120.31667].json b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[15.73333,120.31667].json index 9a1ef68..927c41c 100644 --- a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[15.73333,120.31667].json +++ b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[15.73333,120.31667].json @@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Haplic Nitisols are the most productive humid subtropical and tropical soils.
They have well developed structure with relatively clayey and iron enriched subsoils which retain water and nutrients.", - "Management_en": "These are productive soils, and can be used for crop production.
They have excellent internal drainage and good water holding capacity.
These soils do have a high degree of phosphorus sorption, and will fix phosphorus, making it unavailable for plant uptake during the cropping season.
Phosphorus fertilization will be needed for best productivity.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation." + "Description_en": "Haplic Nitisols are the most productive humid subtropical and tropical soils. They have well developed structure with relatively clayey and iron enriched subsoils which retain water and nutrients.", + "Management_en": "These are productive soils, and can be used for crop production. They have excellent internal drainage and good water holding capacity. These soils do have a high degree of phosphorus sorption, and will fix phosphorus, making it unavailable for plant uptake during the cropping season. Phosphorus fertilization will be needed for best productivity. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation." } }, "texture": { @@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development.
These are productive soils with high base saturation (Ca, Mg and K) in the upper portion of soil. ", - "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients.
Eutric Cambisols will have high base saturation, which means that the available soil nutrients will be predominantly calcium, potassium, and magnesium.
These soils are well suited for crop production, and can be intensively used.
Fertilization should be used to improve productivity, and irrigation can be included to further boost productivity. " + "Description_en": "Eutric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development. These are productive soils with high base saturation (Ca, Mg and K) in the upper portion of soil. ", + "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients. Eutric Cambisols will have high base saturation, which means that the available soil nutrients will be predominantly calcium, potassium, and magnesium. These soils are well suited for crop production, and can be intensively used. Fertilization should be used to improve productivity, and irrigation can be included to further boost productivity. " } }, "texture": { @@ -282,8 +282,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Haplic Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils.
Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use.
These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants.", - "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations.
Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop.
Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate, which will take Al out of solution) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. " + "Description_en": "Haplic Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils. Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use. These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants.", + "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations. Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop. Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate, which will take Al out of solution) can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. " } }, "texture": { @@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Gleyic Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development.
These soils are saturated with shallow groundwater above one meter of soil depth.", - "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients.
Drainage of these soils may be needed.
However, since this is saturation from groundwater installation of drainage lines may not be possible, and thus shallow-rooted crops should be considered.
If fertilized and not drained, loss of applied nitrogen (N) by denitrification or leaching is possible.
More efficient crop N use in these soils can be achieved by: 1) drainage, and, 2) use of slow-release N fertilizers (if available). " + "Description_en": "Gleyic Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development. These soils are saturated with shallow groundwater above one meter of soil depth.", + "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients. Drainage of these soils may be needed. However, since this is saturation from groundwater installation of drainage lines may not be possible, and thus shallow-rooted crops should be considered. If fertilized and not drained, loss of applied nitrogen (N) by denitrification or leaching is possible. More efficient crop N use in these soils can be achieved by: 1) drainage, and, 2) use of slow-release N fertilizers (if available). " } }, "texture": { @@ -470,8 +470,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development.
These are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients.
Because this soil has a low base saturation, the application of bases (through fertlization) may be needed for most productive crop yield.
If the soil pH is low calcium (and possibly magnesium, if dolomitic lime is used) can be supplied through the addition of lime.
If the soil pH is suitable for crop production then gypsum (CaSO4) can be used as the Ca source, if needed, or other sources such as MgSO4 could be applied (if soil test indicates a need).
Proper fertilization will also supply potassium, if soil test indicates a need. " + "Description_en": "Dystric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development. These are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients. Because this soil has a low base saturation, the application of bases (through fertlization) may be needed for most productive crop yield. If the soil pH is low calcium (and possibly magnesium, if dolomitic lime is used) can be supplied through the addition of lime. If the soil pH is suitable for crop production then gypsum (CaSO4) can be used as the Ca source, if needed, or other sources such as MgSO4 could be applied (if soil test indicates a need). Proper fertilization will also supply potassium, if soil test indicates a need. " } }, "texture": { @@ -564,8 +564,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Gleyic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils.
Gleyic Luvisols are saturated with shallow groundwater in the upper one meter of the soil profile.", - "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices.
However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss.
If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops.
Drainage of these soils may be needed.
However, since this is saturation via groundwater this may not be possible, and thus shallow-rooted crops must be considered.
If fertilized and not drained, loss of applied nitrogen (N) by denitrification or leaching is possible.
More efficient crop N use in these soils can be achieved by: 1) drainage, and, 2) use of slow-release N fertilizers (if available). " + "Description_en": "Gleyic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils. Gleyic Luvisols are saturated with shallow groundwater in the upper one meter of the soil profile.", + "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices. However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss. If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops. Drainage of these soils may be needed. However, since this is saturation via groundwater this may not be possible, and thus shallow-rooted crops must be considered. If fertilized and not drained, loss of applied nitrogen (N) by denitrification or leaching is possible. More efficient crop N use in these soils can be achieved by: 1) drainage, and, 2) use of slow-release N fertilizers (if available). " } }, "texture": { @@ -658,8 +658,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas, and have limited profile development with a range of properties.
Hydrological management is essential for production.
Eutric Fluvisols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil. ", - "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive.
Drainage andmanagement of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation.
However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime.
Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion.
Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." + "Description_en": "Eutric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas, and have limited profile development with a range of properties. Hydrological management is essential for production. Eutric Fluvisols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil. ", + "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive. Drainage and management of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation. However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime. Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." } }, "texture": { @@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ }, "siteDescription": { "Description_en": "Haplic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils.", - "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices.
However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss.
If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." + "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices. However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss. If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." } }, "texture": { @@ -846,8 +846,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year.
Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation.
Eutric Gleysols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required.
Once drained, these soils can be highly productive.
The water table must be lowered using deep drainage.
Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose. " + "Description_en": "Eutric Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year. Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation. Eutric Gleysols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required. Once drained, these soils can be highly productive. The water table must be lowered using deep drainage. Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose. " } }, "texture": { @@ -940,8 +940,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year.
Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation.
Gleysols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required.
Once drained, these soils can be highly productive.
The water table must be lowered using deep drainage.
Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose. " + "Description_en": "Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year. Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation. Gleysols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required. Once drained, these soils can be highly productive. The water table must be lowered using deep drainage. Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose. " } }, "texture": { @@ -1006,8 +1006,8 @@ "soilDepth": 20 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Lithic Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil.
Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible.
Lithic Leptosols have hard rock within 10 cm of the soil surface. ", - "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled.
Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used.
Only uses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover.
Any agricultural use should be for grazing, with cover continuously maintained. " + "Description_en": "Lithic Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil. Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible. Lithic Leptosols have hard rock within 10 cm of the soil surface. ", + "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled. Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used. Only uses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover. Any agricultural use should be for grazing, with cover continuously maintained. " } }, "texture": { @@ -1096,8 +1096,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Humic Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils.
Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use.
These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants.
Humic Acrisols contain large amounts of organic matter in the upper soil layer.
They often have poor structure, but will become more productive in systems that include crop rotations, cover crops or green manures. ", - "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations.
Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop.
Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate) which will take Al out of solution, can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. " + "Description_en": "Humic Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils. Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use. These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants. Humic Acrisols contain large amounts of organic matter in the upper soil layer. They often have poor structure, but will become more productive in systems that include crop rotations, cover crops or green manures. ", + "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations. Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop. Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate) which will take Al out of solution, can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. " } }, "texture": { diff --git a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[30.38333,35.53333].json b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[30.38333,35.53333].json index 7dc7dd0..c030fb3 100644 --- a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[30.38333,35.53333].json +++ b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[30.38333,35.53333].json @@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Haplic Calcisols mostly occur in semiarid and arid climates. They are calcareous soils, with high base saturation, pH, and P fixation.
Many have gravelly surface horizons. ", - "Management_en": "These soils have low organic matter content, are dry, and often stony.
They are calcareous, and will have high base saturation (Ca, Mg and K) and high soil pH.
If used, the soils are best suited for grazing or limited use with drought tolerant crops.
At best they could be cultivated every-other or every-third year, with fallow in the years in which the soils are not used for crops.
If irrigated, care must be taken so that the soils do not become high in salts (saline). High quality irrigation water that is low in salts would be needed to prevent salinization." + "Description_en": "Haplic Calcisols mostly occur in semiarid and arid climates. They are calcareous soils, with high base saturation, pH, and P fixation. Many have gravelly surface horizons. ", + "Management_en": "These soils have low organic matter content, are dry, and often stony. They are calcareous, and will have high base saturation (Ca, Mg and K) and high soil pH. If used, the soils are best suited for grazing or limited use with drought tolerant crops. At best they could be cultivated every-other or every-third year, with fallow in the years in which the soils are not used for crops. If irrigated, care must be taken so that the soils do not become high in salts (saline). High quality irrigation water that is low in salts would be needed to prevent salinization." } }, "texture": { @@ -160,8 +160,8 @@ "soilDepth": 20 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Lithic Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil.
Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible.
Lithic Leptosols have hard rock within 10 cm of the soil surface. ", - "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled.
Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used.
Only uses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover.
Any agricultural use should be for grazing, with cover continuously maintained. " + "Description_en": "Lithic Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil. Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible. Lithic Leptosols have hard rock within 10 cm of the soil surface. ", + "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled. Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used. Only uses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover. Any agricultural use should be for grazing, with cover continuously maintained. " } }, "texture": { @@ -250,8 +250,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Calcaric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity.
Calcaric Regosols are calcareous in the upper portion of the subsoil. ", - "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought.
They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope.
The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover.
Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. " + "Description_en": "Calcaric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity. Calcaric Regosols are calcareous in the upper portion of the subsoil. ", + "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought. They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope. The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover. Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. " } }, "texture": { @@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ }, "siteDescription": { "Description_en": "Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity. ", - "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought.
This soil can be productive, if irrigation and fertilization are provided.
They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope.
The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover.
Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. " + "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought. This soil can be productive, if irrigation and fertilization are provided. They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope. The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover. Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. " } }, "texture": { @@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ }, "siteDescription": { "Description_en": "Haplic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils.", - "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices.
However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss.
If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." + "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices. However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss. If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." } }, "texture": { @@ -532,8 +532,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Chromic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils.
Chromic Luvisols have an iron rich subsoil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices.
However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss.
If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." + "Description_en": "Chromic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils. Chromic Luvisols have an iron rich subsoil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices. However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss. If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." } }, "texture": { @@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ }, "siteDescription": { "Description_en": "Solonchaks are soils that contain salts at or near the soil surface. These soils form in either deserts or close to coastlines.", - "Management_en": "These soils are typically high in total salts.
They have very poor productivity, and cannot be used unless high quality irrigation is available to remove accumulated salts.
These soils are not well suited for agriculture and are best used for grazing, or left fallow. " + "Management_en": "These soils are typically high in total salts. They have very poor productivity, and cannot be used unless high quality irrigation is available to remove accumulated salts. These soils are not well suited for agriculture and are best used for grazing, or left fallow. " } }, "texture": { diff --git a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[32.11667,20.08333].json b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[32.11667,20.08333].json index c01bc27..4970d20 100644 --- a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[32.11667,20.08333].json +++ b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[32.11667,20.08333].json @@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Calcaric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas and have limited profile development with a range of properties.
Hydrological management is essential for production.
Calcaric Fluvisols have carbonates and high pH in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive.
Drainage andmanagement of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation.
Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion.
Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." + "Description_en": "Calcaric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas and have limited profile development with a range of properties. Hydrological management is essential for production. Calcaric Fluvisols have carbonates and high pH in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive. Drainage and management of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation. Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." } }, "texture": { @@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Chromic Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development.
These are well drained soils, with intense color.
When climate and landscape are favorable, they can be productive soils. ", - "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients.
These soils are well suited for crop production, and can be intensively used.
Fertilization should be used to improve productivity, and irrigation can be included to further boost productivity. " + "Description_en": "Chromic Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development. These are well drained soils, with intense color. When climate and landscape are favorable, they can be productive soils. ", + "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients. These soils are well suited for crop production, and can be intensively used. Fertilization should be used to improve productivity, and irrigation can be included to further boost productivity. " } }, "texture": { @@ -282,8 +282,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Haplic Calcisols mostly occur in semiarid and arid climates. They are calcareous soils, with high base saturation, pH, and P fixation.
Many have gravelly surface horizons. ", - "Management_en": "These soils have low organic matter content, are dry, and often stony.
They are calcareous, and will have high base saturation (Ca, Mg and K) and high soil pH.
If used, the soils are best suited for grazing or limited use with drought tolerant crops.
At best they could be cultivated every-other or every-third year, with fallow in the years in which the soils are not used for crops.
If irrigated, care must be taken so that the soils do not become high in salts (saline). High quality irrigation water that is low in salts would be needed to prevent salinization." + "Description_en": "Haplic Calcisols mostly occur in semiarid and arid climates. They are calcareous soils, with high base saturation, pH, and P fixation. Many have gravelly surface horizons. ", + "Management_en": "These soils have low organic matter content, are dry, and often stony. They are calcareous, and will have high base saturation (Ca, Mg and K) and high soil pH. If used, the soils are best suited for grazing or limited use with drought tolerant crops. At best they could be cultivated every-other or every-third year, with fallow in the years in which the soils are not used for crops. If irrigated, care must be taken so that the soils do not become high in salts (saline). High quality irrigation water that is low in salts would be needed to prevent salinization." } }, "texture": { @@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ }, "siteDescription": { "Description_en": "Solonchaks are soils that contain salts at or near the soil surface. These soils form in either deserts or close to coastlines.", - "Management_en": "These soils are typically high in total salts.
They have very poor productivity, and cannot be used unless high quality irrigation is available to remove accumulated salts.
These soils are not well suited for agriculture and are best used for grazing, or left fallow. " + "Management_en": "These soils are typically high in total salts. They have very poor productivity, and cannot be used unless high quality irrigation is available to remove accumulated salts. These soils are not well suited for agriculture and are best used for grazing, or left fallow. " } }, "texture": { @@ -470,8 +470,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Calcaric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity.
Calcaric Regosols are calcareous in the upper portion of the subsoil. ", - "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought.
They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope.
The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover.
Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. " + "Description_en": "Calcaric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity. Calcaric Regosols are calcareous in the upper portion of the subsoil. ", + "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought. They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope. The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover. Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. " } }, "texture": { @@ -536,8 +536,8 @@ "soilDepth": 20 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Lithic Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil.
Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible.
Lithic Leptosols have hard rock within 10 cm of the soil surface. ", - "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled.
Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used.
Only uses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover.
Any agricultural use should be for grazing, with cover continuously maintained. " + "Description_en": "Lithic Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil. Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible. Lithic Leptosols have hard rock within 10 cm of the soil surface. ", + "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled. Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used. Only uses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover. Any agricultural use should be for grazing, with cover continuously maintained. " } }, "texture": { diff --git a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[34.5,69.16667].json b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[34.5,69.16667].json index 22eb19a..d208ea2 100644 --- a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[34.5,69.16667].json +++ b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[34.5,69.16667].json @@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Calcaric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development.
These soils are calcareous in a soil layer below the surface.", - "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients.
These soils are well suited for crop production, and can be intensively used.
Fertilization should be used to improve productivity, and irrigation can be included to further boost productivity. " + "Description_en": "Calcaric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development. These soils are calcareous in a soil layer below the surface.", + "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients. These soils are well suited for crop production, and can be intensively used. Fertilization should be used to improve productivity, and irrigation can be included to further boost productivity. " } }, "texture": { @@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Calcaric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity.
Calcaric Regosols are calcareous in the upper portion of the subsoil. ", - "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought.
They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope.
The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover.
Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. " + "Description_en": "Calcaric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity. Calcaric Regosols are calcareous in the upper portion of the subsoil. ", + "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought. They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope. The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover. Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. " } }, "texture": { @@ -254,8 +254,8 @@ "soilDepth": 20 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Lithic Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil.
Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible.
Lithic Leptosols have hard rock within 10 cm of the soil surface. ", - "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled.
Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used.
Only uses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover.
Any agricultural use should be for grazing, with cover continuously maintained. " + "Description_en": "Lithic Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil. Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible. Lithic Leptosols have hard rock within 10 cm of the soil surface. ", + "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled. Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used. Only uses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover. Any agricultural use should be for grazing, with cover continuously maintained. " } }, "texture": { @@ -344,8 +344,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Histosols are organic soils that typically form in wet environments.
Their properties are largely dependent on the type and degree of decomposition of the organic soil materials.
The soils can be productive with intensive management including soil drainage, but their fragile nature and habitat suggests preservation of these soils is warranted where possible.
When cultivated, subsidence and sulfide oxidation present management challenges. ", - "Management_en": "These soils can be some of our most productive soils, especially for specialty crops such as vegetables.
However, they must be drained for use, and this will lead to subsidence of the soil, as exposed peat is rapidly mineralized, and organic matter content quickly drops.
This will lead to increasingly acid soils, and thus regular liming will be needed.
These organic soils must be managed differently from mineral soils, and techniques that minimize organic matter degradation are a priority.
Maintenance of native vegetation is the best use. " + "Description_en": "Histosols are organic soils that typically form in wet environments. Their properties are largely dependent on the type and degree of decomposition of the organic soil materials. The soils can be productive with intensive management including soil drainage, but their fragile nature and habitat suggests preservation of these soils is warranted where possible. When cultivated, subsidence and sulfide oxidation present management challenges. ", + "Management_en": "These soils can be some of our most productive soils, especially for specialty crops such as vegetables. However, they must be drained for use, and this will lead to subsidence of the soil, as exposed peat is rapidly mineralized, and organic matter content quickly drops. This will lead to increasingly acid soils, and thus regular liming will be needed. These organic soils must be managed differently from mineral soils, and techniques that minimize organic matter degradation are a priority. Maintenance of native vegetation is the best use. " } }, "texture": { diff --git a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[37.33333,-5.4].json b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[37.33333,-5.4].json index e494bf3..605d3a5 100644 --- a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[37.33333,-5.4].json +++ b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[37.33333,-5.4].json @@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Vertisols are clayey soils that are sticky and plastic when wet and hard and massive when dry.
These soils generally have favorable chemical properties but the high amount of expansive clay presents challenging physical properties particularly with regard to water management.
Eutric Vertisols are relatively productive soils with high base saturation in the subsoil.", - "Management_en": "Vertisols can be highly productive soils, yet the characteristics of the clay in this soil can make management an issue.
Due to the clay type these soils swell when wet and shrink when dry, creating issues for cultivation (avoid excessive tillage when wet), or other issues such as construction.
Their fertility makes them suitable for agriculture, but additional fertilization will be needed for best productivity.
Additionally, water management is a key, and practices that promote drainage and water infiltration are needed.
With proper drainage and water management, these soils can be highly productive, as the native soil fertility is high. " + "Description_en": "Eutric Vertisols are clayey soils that are sticky and plastic when wet and hard and massive when dry. These soils generally have favorable chemical properties but the high amount of expansive clay presents challenging physical properties particularly with regard to water management. Eutric Vertisols are relatively productive soils with high base saturation in the subsoil.", + "Management_en": "Vertisols can be highly productive soils, yet the characteristics of the clay in this soil can make management an issue. Due to the clay type these soils swell when wet and shrink when dry, creating issues for cultivation (avoid excessive tillage when wet), or other issues such as construction. Their fertility makes them suitable for agriculture, but additional fertilization will be needed for best productivity. Additionally, water management is a key, and practices that promote drainage and water infiltration are needed. With proper drainage and water management, these soils can be highly productive, as the native soil fertility is high. " } }, "texture": { @@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Calcaric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development.
These soils are calcareous in a soil layer below the surface.", - "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients.
These soils are well suited for crop production, and can be intensively used.
Fertilization should be used to improve productivity, and irrigation can be included to further boost productivity. " + "Description_en": "Calcaric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development. These soils are calcareous in a soil layer below the surface.", + "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients. These soils are well suited for crop production, and can be intensively used. Fertilization should be used to improve productivity, and irrigation can be included to further boost productivity. " } }, "texture": { @@ -282,8 +282,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity.
Eutric Regosols have high base saturation in the subsoil. ", - "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought.
This soil can be productive, if irrigation and fertilization are provided.
They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope.
The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover.
Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. " + "Description_en": "Eutric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity. Eutric Regosols have high base saturation in the subsoil. ", + "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought. This soil can be productive, if irrigation and fertilization are provided. They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope. The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover. Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. " } }, "texture": { @@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Gleyic Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils.
Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use.
These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants.
Gleyic Acrisols have a seasonal high-water table resulting in saturation during some time of the year.", - "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations.
Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop.
Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate) which will take Al out of solution, can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry.
Periods of saturation limit root growth and increase nitrogen loss.
To prevent N loss from leaching anddenitrification consider use of slow-release N fertilizers (sulfur-coated urea (SCU), for example), if those slow-release products are available, or use manures or other organic wastes for their slow-release properties.
Drainage of these soils may be needed, but this can be problematic, as the wetness is due to the high water table. " + "Description_en": "Gleyic Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils. Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use. These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants. Gleyic Acrisols have a seasonal high-water table resulting in saturation during some time of the year.", + "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations. Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop. Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate) which will take Al out of solution, can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. Periods of saturation limit root growth and increase nitrogen loss. To prevent N loss from leaching anddenitrification consider use of slow-release N fertilizers (sulfur-coated urea (SCU), for example), if those slow-release products are available, or use manures or other organic wastes for their slow-release properties. Drainage of these soils may be needed, but this can be problematic, as the wetness is due to the high water table. " } }, "texture": { @@ -470,8 +470,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Calcaric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas and have limited profile development with a range of properties.
Hydrological management is essential for production.
Calcaric Fluvisols have carbonates and high pH in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive.
Drainage andmanagement of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation.
Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion.
Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." + "Description_en": "Calcaric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas and have limited profile development with a range of properties. Hydrological management is essential for production. Calcaric Fluvisols have carbonates and high pH in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive. Drainage and management of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation. Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." } }, "texture": { @@ -564,8 +564,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Calcic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils.
Calcic Luvisols have calcareous subsoils.", - "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices.
However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss.
If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops.
These soils will have large amounts of free calcium carbonate in the subsample, and thus the soil pH will be > 7.0. " + "Description_en": "Calcic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils. Calcic Luvisols have calcareous subsoils.", + "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices. However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss. If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops. These soils will have large amounts of free calcium carbonate in the subsample, and thus the soil pH will be > 7.0. " } }, "texture": { @@ -630,8 +630,8 @@ "soilDepth": 20 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Lithic Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil.
Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible.
Lithic Leptosols have hard rock within 10 cm of the soil surface. ", - "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled.
Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used.
Only uses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover.
Any agricultural use should be for grazing, with cover continuously maintained. " + "Description_en": "Lithic Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil. Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible. Lithic Leptosols have hard rock within 10 cm of the soil surface. ", + "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled. Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used. Only uses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover. Any agricultural use should be for grazing, with cover continuously maintained. " } }, "texture": { @@ -720,8 +720,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Gleyic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils.
Gleyic Luvisols are saturated with shallow groundwater in the upper one meter of the soil profile.", - "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices.
However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss.
If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops.
Drainage of these soils may be needed.
However, since this is saturation via groundwater this may not be possible, and thus shallow-rooted crops must be considered.
If fertilized and not drained, loss of applied nitrogen (N) by denitrification or leaching is possible.
More efficient crop N use in these soils can be achieved by: 1) drainage, and, 2) use of slow-release N fertilizers (if available). " + "Description_en": "Gleyic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils. Gleyic Luvisols are saturated with shallow groundwater in the upper one meter of the soil profile.", + "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices. However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss. If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops. Drainage of these soils may be needed. However, since this is saturation via groundwater this may not be possible, and thus shallow-rooted crops must be considered. If fertilized and not drained, loss of applied nitrogen (N) by denitrification or leaching is possible. More efficient crop N use in these soils can be achieved by: 1) drainage, and, 2) use of slow-release N fertilizers (if available). " } }, "texture": { @@ -814,8 +814,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Calcaric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity.
Calcaric Regosols are calcareous in the upper portion of the subsoil. ", - "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought.
They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope.
The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover.
Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. " + "Description_en": "Calcaric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity. Calcaric Regosols are calcareous in the upper portion of the subsoil. ", + "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought. They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope. The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover. Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. " } }, "texture": { @@ -908,8 +908,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Planosols are seasonally ponded or saturated with water in the upper portion due to a slowly permeable, clay-rich subsoil.
These soils are prone to compaction and require drainage for crop production.
Dystric Planosols are less productive soils with low base saturation in the subsoil.", - "Management_en": "Located on flat land, these soils are best suited for paddy rice production.
Drainage will be required for production.
Highest yields will require additional fertilization.
Very low levels of calcium are available in the lower profile of this soil.
Supplemental fertilization will be needed." + "Description_en": "Dystric Planosols are seasonally ponded or saturated with water in the upper portion due to a slowly permeable, clay-rich subsoil. These soils are prone to compaction and require drainage for crop production. Dystric Planosols are less productive soils with low base saturation in the subsoil.", + "Management_en": "Located on flat land, these soils are best suited for paddy rice production. Drainage will be required for production. Highest yields will require additional fertilization. Very low levels of calcium are available in the lower profile of this soil. Supplemental fertilization will be needed." } }, "texture": { @@ -1002,8 +1002,8 @@ "soilDepth": 40 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Rendzic Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil.
Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible.
Rendzic Leptosols are highly calcareous at the soil surface. ", - "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled.
Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used.
Only uses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Soil pH will be high (> 7.0) in these soils, and no liming will be needed.
Any agricultural use should be for grazing or agroforestry, with cover continuously maintained. " + "Description_en": "Rendzic Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil. Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible. Rendzic Leptosols are highly calcareous at the soil surface. ", + "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled. Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used. Only uses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Soil pH will be high (> 7.0) in these soils, and no liming will be needed. Any agricultural use should be for grazing or agroforestry, with cover continuously maintained. " } }, "texture": { @@ -1096,8 +1096,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Calcaric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development.
These soils are calcareous in a soil layer below the surface.", - "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients.
These soils are well suited for crop production, and can be intensively used.
Fertilization should be used to improve productivity, and irrigation can be included to further boost productivity. " + "Description_en": "Calcaric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development. These soils are calcareous in a soil layer below the surface.", + "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients. These soils are well suited for crop production, and can be intensively used. Fertilization should be used to improve productivity, and irrigation can be included to further boost productivity. " } }, "texture": { @@ -1169,8 +1169,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Calcaric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity.
Calcaric Regosols are calcareous in the upper portion of the subsoil. ", - "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought.
They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope.
The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover.
Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. " + "Description_en": "Calcaric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity. Calcaric Regosols are calcareous in the upper portion of the subsoil. ", + "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought. They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope. The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover. Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. " } }, "texture": { diff --git a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[48.71667,126.13333].json b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[48.71667,126.13333].json index f23b929..32b653f 100644 --- a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[48.71667,126.13333].json +++ b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[48.71667,126.13333].json @@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Haplic Andosols form in volcanic materials.
These soils are highly erodible and have high P fixation, but most have relatively good water holding capacity and soil fertility. ", - "Management_en": "Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover.
Because these soils are formed from volcanic materials a part of their soil charge is positive, which means they can ‘fix’ phosphorus, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield.
Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop.
Agroforestry systems can help minimize erosion. " + "Description_en": "Haplic Andosols form in volcanic materials. These soils are highly erodible and have high P fixation, but most have relatively good water holding capacity and soil fertility. ", + "Management_en": "Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover. Because these soils are formed from volcanic materials a part of their soil charge is positive, which means they can ‘fix’ phosphorus, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield. Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop. Agroforestry systems can help minimize erosion. " } }, "texture": { @@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Haplic Phaeozems are fertile and productive soils of grasslands with relatively high organic matter and base saturation.
Their occurrence in dry climates means that irrigation is likely needed for production.", - "Management_en": "These soils are highly productive and fertile, and make excellent cropland.
They are rich in organic matter.
However, they are at risk for soil loss through both wind and water erosion.
Thus, practices to maintain soil cover (mulches, conservation tillage, windbreaks) are needed." + "Description_en": "Haplic Phaeozems are fertile and productive soils of grasslands with relatively high organic matter and base saturation. Their occurrence in dry climates means that irrigation is likely needed for production.", + "Management_en": "These soils are highly productive and fertile, and make excellent cropland. They are rich in organic matter. However, they are at risk for soil loss through both wind and water erosion. Thus, practices to maintain soil cover (mulches, conservation tillage, windbreaks) are needed." } }, "texture": { @@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ }, "siteDescription": { "Description_en": "Haplic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils.", - "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices.
However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss.
If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." + "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices. However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss. If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." } }, "texture": { @@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Gleyic Phaeozems are fertile and productive soils of grasslands with relatively high organic matter and base saturation.
Their occurrence in dry climates means that irrigation is likely needed for production.
Gleyic Phaeozems are saturated with shallow groundwater within one meter of the soil surface.", - "Management_en": "These soils are highly productive and fertile, and make excellent cropland.
They are rich in organic matter.
However, they are at risk for soil loss through both wind and water erosion.
Thus, practices to maintain soil cover (mulches, conservation tillage, windbreaks) are needed.
Drainage of these soils may be needed.
However, since this is saturation via groundwater this may not be possible, and thus shallow-rooted crops must be considered.
If fertilized and not drained, loss of applied nitrogen (N) by denitrification or leaching is possible.
More efficient crop N use in these soils can be achieved by: 1) drainage, and, 2) use of slow-release N fertilizers (if available). " + "Description_en": "Gleyic Phaeozems are fertile and productive soils of grasslands with relatively high organic matter and base saturation. Their occurrence in dry climates means that irrigation is likely needed for production. Gleyic Phaeozems are saturated with shallow groundwater within one meter of the soil surface.", + "Management_en": "These soils are highly productive and fertile, and make excellent cropland. They are rich in organic matter. However, they are at risk for soil loss through both wind and water erosion. Thus, practices to maintain soil cover (mulches, conservation tillage, windbreaks) are needed. Drainage of these soils may be needed. However, since this is saturation via groundwater this may not be possible, and thus shallow-rooted crops must be considered. If fertilized and not drained, loss of applied nitrogen (N) by denitrification or leaching is possible. More efficient crop N use in these soils can be achieved by: 1) drainage, and, 2) use of slow-release N fertilizers (if available). " } }, "texture": { @@ -470,8 +470,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year.
Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation.
Eutric Gleysols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required.
Once drained, these soils can be highly productive.
The water table must be lowered using deep drainage.
Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose. " + "Description_en": "Eutric Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year. Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation. Eutric Gleysols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required. Once drained, these soils can be highly productive. The water table must be lowered using deep drainage. Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose. " } }, "texture": { @@ -564,8 +564,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Mollic Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year.
Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation.
Mollic Gleysols have relatively higher organic matter and nutrients in surface horizons.", - "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required.
Once drained, these soils can be highly productive.
The water table must be lowered using deep drainage.
Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose. " + "Description_en": "Mollic Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year. Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation. Mollic Gleysols have relatively higher organic matter and nutrients in surface horizons.", + "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required. Once drained, these soils can be highly productive. The water table must be lowered using deep drainage. Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose. " } }, "texture": { @@ -658,8 +658,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Umbric Andosols form in volcanic materials.
These soils are highly erodible and have high P fixation, but most have relatively good water holding capacity and soil fertility.
Umbric Andosols have a thick surface horizon but soils are wetter and have fewer nutrients than Mollic Andosols. ", - "Management_en": "Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover.
Because these soils are formed from volcanic materials a part of their soil charge is positive, which means they can ‘fix’ phosphorus, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield.
Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop.
Agroforestry systems can help minimize erosion.
Additional drainage may make these soils more productive.
Fertilization will be essential for effective crop production. " + "Description_en": "Umbric Andosols form in volcanic materials. These soils are highly erodible and have high P fixation, but most have relatively good water holding capacity and soil fertility. Umbric Andosols have a thick surface horizon but soils are wetter and have fewer nutrients than Mollic Andosols. ", + "Management_en": "Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover. Because these soils are formed from volcanic materials a part of their soil charge is positive, which means they can ‘fix’ phosphorus, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Additional fertilization and lime application, in addition to P, will also be needed to ensure adequate crop growth and yield. Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop. Agroforestry systems can help minimize erosion. Additional drainage may make these soils more productive. Fertilization will be essential for effective crop production. " } }, "texture": { diff --git a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[7.3318,-1.4631].json b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[7.3318,-1.4631].json index 17e95dc..767cacb 100644 --- a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[7.3318,-1.4631].json +++ b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[7.3318,-1.4631].json @@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Ferric Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils.
Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use.
These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants.
These soils are high in iron and iron nodules are commonly present.", - "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations.
Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop.
Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate), which will take Al out of solution, can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. " + "Description_en": "Ferric Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils. Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use. These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants. These soils are high in iron and iron nodules are commonly present.", + "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations. Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop. Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate), which will take Al out of solution, can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. " } }, "texture": { @@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas and have limited profile development with a range of properties.
Hydrological management is essential for production.
Dystric Fluvisols are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive.
Drainage andmanagement of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation.
However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime.
Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion.
Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered.
A low base saturation (presence of Ca, Mg, K) indicates that the soil pH may be low, and liming may be warranted. " + "Description_en": "Dystric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas and have limited profile development with a range of properties. Hydrological management is essential for production. Dystric Fluvisols are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive. Drainage and management of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation. However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime. Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered. A low base saturation (presence of Ca, Mg, K) indicates that the soil pH may be low, and liming may be warranted. " } }, "texture": { @@ -282,8 +282,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year.
Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation.
Eutric Gleysols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required.
Once drained, these soils can be highly productive.
The water table must be lowered using deep drainage.
Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose. " + "Description_en": "Eutric Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year. Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation. Eutric Gleysols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required. Once drained, these soils can be highly productive. The water table must be lowered using deep drainage. Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose. " } }, "texture": { @@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year.
Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation.
Dystric Gleysols are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required.
Once drained, these soils can be highly productive.
The water table must be lowered using deep drainage.
Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose.
These soils have little available calcium, magnesium or other bases in the soil, and may require supplemental fertilization.
If needed, liming will supply the calcium, and possibly the magnesium (dolomitic lime).. " + "Description_en": "Dystric Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year. Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation. Dystric Gleysols are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required. Once drained, these soils can be highly productive. The water table must be lowered using deep drainage. Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose. These soils have little available calcium, magnesium or other bases in the soil, and may require supplemental fertilization. If needed, liming will supply the calcium, and possibly the magnesium (dolomitic lime).. " } }, "texture": { @@ -470,8 +470,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Ferric Lixisols form in warm climates with relatively clayey subsoils dominated by kaolinite and iron oxides, but relatively high base saturation.
Ferric Lixisols have soft and cemented iron concentrations in subsoils, and poorly developed structure between iron concentrations which can be susceptible to compaction. ", - "Management_en": "These soils are heavily weathered soils, which means that fertilization (and possibly lime) will be needed for production.
Although they do have kaolinite clay and iron oxides, they have fairly low aluminum toxicity.
Best production practices for this soil will include regular fertilization, and consistent cropping in perennial crops or forestry.
These soils are particularly sensitive to erosion, and so practices that work to maintain surface cover and strong soil structure (such as perennial crops) are needed. " + "Description_en": "Ferric Lixisols form in warm climates with relatively clayey subsoils dominated by kaolinite and iron oxides, but relatively high base saturation. Ferric Lixisols have soft and cemented iron concentrations in subsoils, and poorly developed structure between iron concentrations which can be susceptible to compaction. ", + "Management_en": "These soils are heavily weathered soils, which means that fertilization (and possibly lime) will be needed for production. Although they do have kaolinite clay and iron oxides, they have fairly low aluminum toxicity. Best production practices for this soil will include regular fertilization, and consistent cropping in perennial crops or forestry. These soils are particularly sensitive to erosion, and so practices that work to maintain surface cover and strong soil structure (such as perennial crops) are needed. " } }, "texture": { @@ -564,8 +564,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Plinthosols are relatively unproductive soils found in subtropical or tropical regions with high amounts of iron-rich, humus poor concentrations of variable hardness and cementation.
Softer iron concentrations irreversibly harden when exposed at the surface.
These soils have low rooting volume and are relatively acid, infertile, highly erodible, and often wet.
Eutric Plinthosols are have high base saturation in subsoils.", - "Management_en": "This soil is not well suited for farming.
The combination of hard iron and cementation make this soil most suitable for construction.
It has poor soil fertility, which when combined with shallow and rocky soil makes arable farming not possible.
These soils should be used for things such as surface materials for roads." + "Description_en": "Eutric Plinthosols are relatively unproductive soils found in subtropical or tropical regions with high amounts of iron-rich, humus poor concentrations of variable hardness and cementation. Softer iron concentrations irreversibly harden when exposed at the surface. These soils have low rooting volume and are relatively acid, infertile, highly erodible, and often wet. Eutric Plinthosols are have high base saturation in subsoils.", + "Management_en": "This soil is not well suited for farming. The combination of hard iron and cementation make this soil most suitable for construction. It has poor soil fertility, which when combined with shallow and rocky soil makes arable farming not possible. These soils should be used for things such as surface materials for roads." } }, "texture": { @@ -629,16 +629,16 @@ }, "site": { "siteData": { - "componentID": 133621, + "componentID": 133618, "distance": 3154.198, "mapunitID": 36084, "minCompDistance": 3154.19808851, - "share": 10, + "share": 20, "soilDepth": 40 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil.
Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible.
Dystic Leptosols have low base saturation over the shallow root limiting layer. ", - "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled.
Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used.
Only uses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
This soil has virtually no calcium available for plant use.
Any agricultural use should be for grazing or agroforestry, with cover continuously maintained. " + "Description_en": "Dystric Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil. Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible. Dystic Leptosols have low base saturation over the shallow root limiting layer. ", + "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled. Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used. Only uses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. This soil has virtually no calcium available for plant use. Any agricultural use should be for grazing or agroforestry, with cover continuously maintained. " } }, "texture": { @@ -728,8 +728,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Planosols are seasonally ponded or saturated with water in the upper portion due to a slowly permeable, clay-rich subsoil.
These soils are prone to compaction and require drainage for crop production.
Dystric Planosols are less productive soils with low base saturation in the subsoil.", - "Management_en": "Located on flat land, these soils are best suited for paddy rice production.
Drainage will be required for production.
Highest yields will require additional fertilization.
Very low levels of calcium are available in the lower profile of this soil.
Supplemental fertilization will be needed." + "Description_en": "Dystric Planosols are seasonally ponded or saturated with water in the upper portion due to a slowly permeable, clay-rich subsoil. These soils are prone to compaction and require drainage for crop production. Dystric Planosols are less productive soils with low base saturation in the subsoil.", + "Management_en": "Located on flat land, these soils are best suited for paddy rice production. Drainage will be required for production. Highest yields will require additional fertilization. Very low levels of calcium are available in the lower profile of this soil. Supplemental fertilization will be needed." } }, "texture": { @@ -822,8 +822,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Chromic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils.
Chromic Luvisols have an iron rich subsoil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices.
However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss.
If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." + "Description_en": "Chromic Luvisols are productive soils with high base saturation and relatively clayey subsoils. Chromic Luvisols have an iron rich subsoil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are fertile, and can be used for a wide range of cropping practices. However, they are sensitive to soil loss through erosion, and care must be taken to protect the soil from loss. If the soil is already eroded they may best be suited for grazing andtree crops." } }, "texture": { @@ -916,8 +916,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development.
These are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients.
Because this soil has a low base saturation, the application of bases (through fertlization) may be needed for most productive crop yield.
If the soil pH is low calcium (and possibly magnesium, if dolomitic lime is used) can be supplied through the addition of lime.
If the soil pH is suitable for crop production then gypsum (CaSO4) can be used as the Ca source, if needed, or other sources such as MgSO4 could be applied (if soil test indicates a need).
Proper fertilization will also supply potassium, if soil test indicates a need. " + "Description_en": "Dystric Cambisols are widely occurring soils with limited soil development. These are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "In temperate regions the soils will have a high content of basic cations (potassium, calcium and magnesium), while in more humid regions they may have lower levels of soil nutrients. Because this soil has a low base saturation, the application of bases (through fertlization) may be needed for most productive crop yield. If the soil pH is low calcium (and possibly magnesium, if dolomitic lime is used) can be supplied through the addition of lime. If the soil pH is suitable for crop production then gypsum (CaSO4) can be used as the Ca source, if needed, or other sources such as MgSO4 could be applied (if soil test indicates a need). Proper fertilization will also supply potassium, if soil test indicates a need. " } }, "texture": { @@ -1010,8 +1010,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Plinthosols are relatively unproductive soils found in subtropical or tropical regions with high amounts of iron-rich, humus poor concentrations of variable hardness and cementation.
Softer iron concentrations irreversibly harden when exposed at the surface.
These soils have low rooting volume and are relatively acid, infertile, highly erodible, and often wet.
Dystric Plinthosols are unproductive soils with low base saturation in subsoils.", - "Management_en": "This soil is not well suited for farming.
The combination of hard iron and cementation make this soil most suitable for construction.
It has poor soil fertility, which when combined with shallow and rocky soil makes arable farming not possible.
These soils should be used for things such as surface materials for roads.
This soil has virtually no available calcium in the subsoil." + "Description_en": "Dystric Plinthosols are relatively unproductive soils found in subtropical or tropical regions with high amounts of iron-rich, humus poor concentrations of variable hardness and cementation. Softer iron concentrations irreversibly harden when exposed at the surface. These soils have low rooting volume and are relatively acid, infertile, highly erodible, and often wet. Dystric Plinthosols are unproductive soils with low base saturation in subsoils.", + "Management_en": "This soil is not well suited for farming. The combination of hard iron and cementation make this soil most suitable for construction. It has poor soil fertility, which when combined with shallow and rocky soil makes arable farming not possible. These soils should be used for things such as surface materials for roads. This soil has virtually no available calcium in the subsoil." } }, "texture": { @@ -1104,8 +1104,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas, and have limited profile development with a range of properties.
Hydrological management is essential for production.
Eutric Fluvisols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil. ", - "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive.
Drainage andmanagement of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation.
However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime.
Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion.
Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." + "Description_en": "Eutric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas, and have limited profile development with a range of properties. Hydrological management is essential for production. Eutric Fluvisols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil. ", + "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive. Drainage and management of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation. However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime. Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." } }, "texture": { @@ -1338,7 +1338,7 @@ { "component": "Dystric leptosols", "componentData": "Missing Data", - "componentID": 133621, + "componentID": 133618, "name": "Dystric leptosols", "not_displayed": false, "rank_data": "7", diff --git a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[8.48333,76.95].json b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[8.48333,76.95].json index 30e62b0..3cfde77 100644 --- a/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[8.48333,76.95].json +++ b/soil_id/tests/global/__snapshots__/test_global/test_soil_location[8.48333,76.95].json @@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity.
Dystric Regosols have low base saturation in the subsoil. ", - "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought.
They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope.
The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover.
Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils.
With a low base saturation these soils may respond to addition of bases such as potassium, calcium or magnesium. " + "Description_en": "Dystric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity. Dystric Regosols have low base saturation in the subsoil. ", + "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought. They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope. The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover. Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. With a low base saturation these soils may respond to addition of bases such as potassium, calcium or magnesium. " } }, "texture": { @@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year.
Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation.
Gleysols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required.
Once drained, these soils can be highly productive.
The water table must be lowered using deep drainage.
Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose. " + "Description_en": "Gleysols have shallow groundwater and are saturated for significant portions of the year. Deep drainage is necessary for cultivation. Gleysols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are saturated, and if they are cultivated significant drainage is required. Once drained, these soils can be highly productive. The water table must be lowered using deep drainage. Once drained, liming may be required as organic matter begins to decompose. " } }, "texture": { @@ -282,8 +282,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Plinthosols are relatively unproductive soils found in subtropical or tropical regions with high amounts of iron-rich, humus poor concentrations of variable hardness and cementation.
Softer iron concentrations irreversibly harden when exposed at the surface.
These soils have low rooting volume and are relatively acid, infertile, highly erodible, and often wet.
Dystric Plinthosols are unproductive soils with low base saturation in subsoils.", - "Management_en": "This soil is not well suited for farming.
The combination of hard iron and cementation make this soil most suitable for construction.
It has poor soil fertility, which when combined with shallow and rocky soil makes arable farming not possible.
These soils should be used for things such as surface materials for roads.
This soil has virtually no available calcium in the subsoil." + "Description_en": "Dystric Plinthosols are relatively unproductive soils found in subtropical or tropical regions with high amounts of iron-rich, humus poor concentrations of variable hardness and cementation. Softer iron concentrations irreversibly harden when exposed at the surface. These soils have low rooting volume and are relatively acid, infertile, highly erodible, and often wet. Dystric Plinthosols are unproductive soils with low base saturation in subsoils.", + "Management_en": "This soil is not well suited for farming. The combination of hard iron and cementation make this soil most suitable for construction. It has poor soil fertility, which when combined with shallow and rocky soil makes arable farming not possible. These soils should be used for things such as surface materials for roads. This soil has virtually no available calcium in the subsoil." } }, "texture": { @@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Haplic Nitisols are the most productive humid subtropical and tropical soils.
They have well developed structure with relatively clayey and iron enriched subsoils which retain water and nutrients.", - "Management_en": "These are productive soils, and can be used for crop production.
They have excellent internal drainage and good water holding capacity.
These soils do have a high degree of phosphorus sorption, and will fix phosphorus, making it unavailable for plant uptake during the cropping season.
Phosphorus fertilization will be needed for best productivity.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation." + "Description_en": "Haplic Nitisols are the most productive humid subtropical and tropical soils. They have well developed structure with relatively clayey and iron enriched subsoils which retain water and nutrients.", + "Management_en": "These are productive soils, and can be used for crop production. They have excellent internal drainage and good water holding capacity. These soils do have a high degree of phosphorus sorption, and will fix phosphorus, making it unavailable for plant uptake during the cropping season. Phosphorus fertilization will be needed for best productivity. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation." } }, "texture": { @@ -470,8 +470,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Eutric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas, and have limited profile development with a range of properties.
Hydrological management is essential for production.
Eutric Fluvisols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil. ", - "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive.
Drainage andmanagement of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation.
However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime.
Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion.
Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." + "Description_en": "Eutric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas, and have limited profile development with a range of properties. Hydrological management is essential for production. Eutric Fluvisols are productive soils with high base saturation in the upper portion of soil. ", + "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive. Drainage and management of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation. However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime. Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered." } }, "texture": { @@ -564,8 +564,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Ferric Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils.
Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use.
These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants.
These soils are high in iron and iron nodules are commonly present.", - "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season.
Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation.
Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations.
Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop.
Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year.
Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate), which will take Al out of solution, can help to reduce aluminum toxicity.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. " + "Description_en": "Ferric Acrisols are acidic and relatively infertile soils. Supplemental fertilization and liming will be needed to create a productive soil for crop use. These soils are also high in soluble aluminum (Al) which is toxic to plants. These soils are high in iron and iron nodules are commonly present.", + "Management_en": "Because the soil tends to be acidic (has a low soil pH) and high in Al, phosphorus fertilizer is quickly “fixed” by the soil, making it unavailable to plants in the cropping season. Well documented practices such as band application (either directly on the seed or to the side and down from the seed) of phosphate fertilizers will help to reduce P fixation. Application of nitrogen (N) is essential, and this can be accomplished either through application of correct rates of fertilizer (such as urea), or through use of cover crops, green manures and rotations. Cover crops and rotations that include legumes and inclusion of crops with high biomass would be beneficial, adding organic matter and nitrogen for the subsequent crop. Even with cover crops or similar practices, supplemental N fertilization will likely be needed as organic N will not be converted to the crop-needed inorganic N in sufficient quantities in the cropping year. Application of lime (which both increases soil pH and ties up soluble aluminum) or gypsum (calcium sulfate), which will take Al out of solution, can help to reduce aluminum toxicity. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover, crop rotation and agroforestry. " } }, "texture": { @@ -658,8 +658,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Albic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development.
They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity.
These soils are highly leached with low nutrients and available water.", - "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity.
Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation.
Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization.
These soils should have particular attention paid to minimizing nutrient loss during fertilization.
If available, slow release N sources should be considered, or more frequent application of N at lower rates. " + "Description_en": "Albic Arenosols are sandy soils with minimal soil development. They are inherently low in nutrients and water holding capacity. These soils are highly leached with low nutrients and available water.", + "Management_en": "Since these soils have poor water and nutrient retention they must be fertilized and irrigated for optimal productivity. Management practices to improve nutrient supply and water holding capacity include the addition of organic matter, and use of cover crops and crop rotation. Best productivity will be achieved through the use of supplemental irrigation, use of tools such as mulches or covers to preserve soil moisture, and fertilization. These soils should have particular attention paid to minimizing nutrient loss during fertilization. If available, slow release N sources should be considered, or more frequent application of N at lower rates. " } }, "texture": { @@ -752,8 +752,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Calcaric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity.
Calcaric Regosols are calcareous in the upper portion of the subsoil. ", - "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought.
They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope.
The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover.
Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. " + "Description_en": "Calcaric Regosols are weakly developed soils that commonly are too dry, or are on steeper slopes which limit productivity. Calcaric Regosols are calcareous in the upper portion of the subsoil. ", + "Management_en": "These soils have low water holding capacity, and are very sensitive to drought. They are prone to erosion, especially in areas with slope. The combination of drought sensitivity and high erosion potential makes these soils best suited for grazing or other uses with constant soil cover. Even when used for grazing, irrigation will be needed due to the low water holding capacity and high permeability of these soils. " } }, "texture": { @@ -847,7 +847,7 @@ }, "siteDescription": { "Description_en": "Haplic Solonchaks are soils that contain salts at or near the soil surface. These soils form in either deserts or close to coastlines.", - "Management_en": "These soils are typically high in total salts.
They have very poor productivity, and cannot be used unless high quality irrigation is available to remove accumulated salts.
These soils are not well suited for agriculture and are best used for grazing, or left fallow. " + "Management_en": "These soils are typically high in total salts. They have very poor productivity, and cannot be used unless high quality irrigation is available to remove accumulated salts. These soils are not well suited for agriculture and are best used for grazing, or left fallow. " } }, "texture": { @@ -940,8 +940,8 @@ "soilDepth": 200 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Dystric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas and have limited profile development with a range of properties.
Hydrological management is essential for production.
Dystric Fluvisols are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", - "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive.
Drainage andmanagement of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation.
However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime.
Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion.
Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered.
A low base saturation (presence of Ca, Mg, K) indicates that the soil pH may be low, and liming may be warranted. " + "Description_en": "Dystric Fluvisols are mostly found in floodplains and coastal areas and have limited profile development with a range of properties. Hydrological management is essential for production. Dystric Fluvisols are less productive soils with low base saturation in the upper portion of soil.", + "Management_en": "These soils are all naturally fertile and productive. Drainage and management of floodwaters can make them suitable for continuous cultivation. However, drainage may affect soil pH, and so sampling should be done to evaluate the need for lime. Once under continuous cultivation care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. Production methods that protect the soil surface (mulches, cover crops), improve water infiltration, or provide a route for water movement from the field in a non-erosive velocity (terraces, drainage ways) should be considered. A low base saturation (presence of Ca, Mg, K) indicates that the soil pH may be low, and liming may be warranted. " } }, "texture": { @@ -1006,8 +1006,8 @@ "soilDepth": 20 }, "siteDescription": { - "Description_en": "Lithic Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil.
Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible.
Lithic Leptosols have hard rock within 10 cm of the soil surface. ", - "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled.
Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used.
Only uses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered.
Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical.
Land management practices should maximize soil cover.
Any agricultural use should be for grazing, with cover continuously maintained. " + "Description_en": "Lithic Leptosols have very limited rooting volume due to continuous rock, highly calcareous material, cemented horizons, or many rocks and coarse fragments in the upper portion of the soil. Leptosols on steep slopes are highly erodible. Lithic Leptosols have hard rock within 10 cm of the soil surface. ", + "Management_en": "Because these soils are shallow, rocky and erodible they should be used for perennial crops, and not tilled. Practices to maintain organic matter and cover should be used. Only uses for grazing or agroforestry should be considered. Preservation of the surface soil with its organic matter is important, and erosion prevention is critical. Land management practices should maximize soil cover. Any agricultural use should be for grazing, with cover continuously maintained. " } }, "texture": { diff --git a/soil_id/utils.py b/soil_id/utils.py index 54a95a1..a5e13f3 100644 --- a/soil_id/utils.py +++ b/soil_id/utils.py @@ -724,10 +724,13 @@ def drop_cokey_horz(df): # Group by the duplicated signature to find which cokeys are duplicates of each other for signature, dup_group in duplicated_entries.groupby("_cokey_grouped"): - # Sort by distance and keep the one with smallest distance (first after sorting) - sorted_by_distance = dup_group.sort_values("distance") - # Drop all except the first (smallest distance) - cokeys_to_drop = sorted_by_distance.index.tolist()[1:] + # Keep the smallest-distance instance; break distance ties by cokey so the + # same instance survives regardless of input row order. Without this + # tiebreaker the kept cokey depends on Postgres/Pandas row ordering, which + # differs across environments and makes the ranking non-deterministic. + sorted_by_distance = dup_group.reset_index().sort_values(["distance", "cokey"]) + # Drop all except the first (smallest distance, then smallest cokey) + cokeys_to_drop = sorted_by_distance["cokey"].tolist()[1:] drop_instances.extend(cokeys_to_drop) # Clean up temporary columns