Report kvikio I/O statistics per rank in the streaming engines

[madsbk]

This PR enables KvikIO statistics on every rank and gathers them on the client. Depends on rapidsai/kvikio#1036, which adds the monitor that does the counting.

Each rank turns on counting when the engine is configured with statistics=True, and StreamingEngine.gather_io_summary() brings back one kvikio.Summary per rank, keyed by rank index.

options = StreamingOptions(statistics=True)
with SPMDEngine(
    rapidsmpf_options=options.to_rapidsmpf_options(),
    executor_options=options.to_executor_options(),
    engine_options=options.to_engine_options(),
) as engine:
    pl.scan_parquet(path).select(pl.col("a").sum()).collect(engine=engine)
    for rank, summary in engine.gather_io_summary().items():
        print(f"--- rank {rank} ---")
        print(summary)

What a rank reports

KvikIO renders the report, so this PR formats nothing. A single-rank run of a parquet scan:

KvikIO I/O summary
  wall time            122.55 ms
  busy time            18.40 ms (15.02 % of the wall time)
  busy bandwidth       66.44 MB/s
  operations           12 (12 read, 0 write)
  mean duration        3.90 ms
  bytes                1.17 MiB of 1.17 MiB requested (1.17 MiB read, 0 B written)
  errors               0
  backend POSIX        1.17 MiB in 12 ops, 46.83 ms, 26.11 MB/s
  backend GDS          unused
  backend MMAP         unused
  backend REMOTE_HTTP  unused
  backend REMOTE_HDFS  unused

Busy time counts only the stretches with a read in flight, so busy bandwidth measures the storage rather than the query: this scan spent 15 % of its wall time reading, and dividing by the whole span would have reported it at a tenth of the rate the disk was really giving.

In the benchmarks

The PDS runners record the per-rank summaries on each iteration's record when --rapidsmpf-statistics is passed, so I/O stays queryable across a whole sweep rather than being printed once and lost.

print_results_file.py (new file) reads a results file back and prints it, since nothing existed that could. Timings and I/O side by side, one row per rank per iteration:

$ python -m cudf_polars.streaming.benchmarks.print_results_file pdsh-output.json

==============================================================================
run       : b6274527-a5d4-4791-9aa0-2a7a4ee3d307  (2026-08-20T08:35:11+00:00)
engine    : cudf-polars  frontend=ray
dataset   : /datasets/tpch-rs/scale-10-duckdb/  scale=10
workers   : 2  iterations=3
==============================================================================

Timings
   query  iters        min        max       mean
       1      3    0.1364s    0.3168s    0.2166s
       3      3    0.1616s    0.2154s    0.1824s
   total                                 0.3990s

I/O per rank
   query  iter  rank      ops         read       busy   busy%    bandwidth  backends
       1     0     0      796   312.09 MiB     64.0ms    9.8%     5.11GB/s  POSIX
       1     0     1      793   310.21 MiB     75.4ms   11.5%     4.31GB/s  POSIX
       1     1     0      788   306.54 MiB     40.1ms   29.1%     8.01GB/s  POSIX
       1     1     1      793   310.21 MiB     54.3ms   39.5%     5.99GB/s  POSIX
       1     2     0      788   306.54 MiB     37.3ms   18.9%     8.61GB/s  POSIX
       1     2     1      793   310.21 MiB     49.7ms   25.1%     6.54GB/s  POSIX
       3     0     0     1485   553.21 MiB     91.2ms   42.0%     6.36GB/s  POSIX
       3     0     1      793   339.17 MiB     82.1ms   37.8%     4.33GB/s  POSIX
       3     1     0     1474   549.74 MiB     68.6ms   40.0%     8.41GB/s  POSIX
       3     1     1      793   339.17 MiB     59.5ms   34.7%     5.98GB/s  POSIX
       3     2     0     1474   549.74 MiB     67.1ms   41.1%     8.59GB/s  POSIX
       3     2     1      793   339.17 MiB     61.3ms   37.6%     5.80GB/s  POSIX

  widest read skew: 1.63x (query 3, iteration 0)

Caveats worth knowing

• Counting is per process. With Ray and Dask each rank has a process to itself, so a summary covers only cudf-polars. With SPMD cudf-polars shares your script's process, so KvikIO operations your own code performs are counted too.
• Not all I/O is observed. Per KvikIO's Monitor docs the cuFile async API on a working GDS system and the batch API report nothing, and anything cudf-polars reads outside KvikIO is invisible.
• Timestamps are per rank. Each monitor takes its own clock anchor, so across hosts the start and end times carry whatever NTP skew exists. Ratios within a rank, busy_fraction and the bandwidths, are unaffected.

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📝 Walkthrough

Summary by CodeRabbit

• New Features

  • Added configurable per-rank I/O statistics for streaming GPU executions across supported engines.
  • Added options to enable, disable, clear, and restart I/O measurement periods.
  • Benchmark results now include I/O summaries and read-skew diagnostics.
  • Added a command-line tool to review benchmark runs, timings, and I/O activity.

• Documentation

  • Expanded API documentation for I/O summary reporting.
  • Added guidance on configuring and interpreting per-rank I/O statistics.
  • Reduced irrelevant documentation warnings.

Walkthrough

Adds configurable KvikIO per-rank I/O monitoring to Dask, Ray, and SPMD streaming engines. Benchmark records store I/O summaries, and a CLI reports timing and I/O metrics. Documentation and tests cover configuration, collection, clearing, disabled statistics, and reporting.

Changes

KvikIO I/O statistics

Layer / File(s)	Summary
Statistics configuration and monitoring contract python/cudf_polars/cudf_polars/engine/options.py, python/cudf_polars/cudf_polars/utils/config.py, python/cudf_polars/cudf_polars/engine/core.py	Adds the kvikio_statistics executor option, configuration resolution, and explicit KvikIO monitor lifecycle helpers.
Engine lifecycle and summary collection python/cudf_polars/cudf_polars/engine/dask.py, python/cudf_polars/cudf_polars/engine/ray.py, python/cudf_polars/cudf_polars/engine/spmd.py	Integrates monitor setup, reset, shutdown, and per-rank summary collection across Dask, Ray, and SPMD engines.
Benchmark record capture python/cudf_polars/cudf_polars/streaming/benchmarks/utils.py	Reconstructs typed records, collects I/O summaries before RapidsMPF statistics, and stores summaries in successful iteration records.
Benchmark reporting, documentation, and validation python/cudf_polars/cudf_polars/streaming/benchmarks/print_results_file.py, python/cudf_polars/tests/streaming/benchmarks/test_print_results_file.py, python/cudf_polars/tests/streaming/test_statistics.py, docs/cudf/source/cudf_polars/api.md, docs/cudf/source/cudf_polars/profiling.md, docs/cudf/source/conf.py, python/cudf_polars/tests/streaming/benchmarks/__init__.py	Adds typed benchmark I/O reporting, tests collection and CLI behavior, documents KvikIO statistics, suppresses related nitpick warnings, and adds package license headers.

Estimated code review effort: 4 (Complex) | ~60 minutes

Merge Risk: 🟡 Moderate · up to 38ab3

The PR adds per-rank I/O statistics, but reset paths can lose configured summaries and monitor cleanup can be skipped after teardown failures, leaving inaccurate or incomplete reporting. Merge should wait for fixes or explicit owner acceptance of these bounded risks.

Suggested reviewers: wence-, rjzamora, tomaugspurger

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5

✅ Passed checks (5 passed)

Check name	Status	Explanation
Title check	✅ Passed	The title clearly and concisely describes the primary change: reporting per-rank KvikIO I/O statistics in streaming engines.
Description check	✅ Passed	The description directly explains per-rank KvikIO statistics, collection through StreamingEngine.gather_io_summary(), benchmark integration, output formatting, and known limitations.
Docstring Coverage	✅ Passed	Docstring coverage is 91.36% which is sufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 81 functions across 10 files.
Linked Issues check	✅ Passed	Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
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[pentschev]

LGTM, thanks Mads.

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Actionable comments posted: 1

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Inline comments:
In `@python/cudf_polars/cudf_polars/engine/dask.py`:
- Around line 1117-1119: Preserve the current kvikio_statistics setting during
_reset when no new value is provided, restoring it in the executor-options flows
at python/cudf_polars/cudf_polars/engine/dask.py lines 1117-1119,
python/cudf_polars/cudf_polars/engine/ray.py lines 935-937, and
python/cudf_polars/cudf_polars/engine/spmd.py lines 632-634 before
resolve_kvikio_statistics applies defaults.

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[madsbk]

@TomAugspurger, do you have anything else?

[TomAugspurger]

All good, thanks.

It's called from six sites across the three engines with an executor_options dict, while _make_default_factory only reads the environment

That seems like a design issue :) We should have just one way of figuring out the value to use that works everywhere. #23740 is tracking that general issue I think.

[madsbk]

/merge