fix(ci): 恒报 fallback 锚定 repo root，修复 checkout 跳过时 cwd 缺失

[DeliciousBuding]

概要

#1829 恒报改造的回归修复：go-edge/go-hub 的 fallback 与 fail-closed step 继承了 job 级 working-directory: edge-server|hub-server，但当 path filter 跳过 checkout 时该目录不存在，bash 无法启动 → 纯前端 PR 的 required check 反而硬 fail。

根因

• fallback step 的 run: 无 working-directory 覆盖，继承 job defaults
• checkout step 带 if: go == 'true'，fallback 场景下 repo 目录为空

修复

4 个 step（go-edge/go-hub 各 fallback + fail-closed）显式 working-directory: . 锚定 repo root。

验证

• YAML 解析通过；verify-ci-gates.py 自测通过
• 本 PR 走真实 Go 路径（checks.yml 属 go 分类），fallback 生效验证依赖合并后前端 PR rebase 重跑

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📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 66507fa and 9a4c2ed.

📒 Files selected for processing (2)

• .github/workflows/checks.yml
• scripts/verify/tests/verify-ci-gates.Tests.py

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