refactor: replace Ui::tick()'s timeout if-chain with a data table

[bin101]

Summary

CLAUDE.md flags tick()'s timeout handling as the one place in ui.cpp's four-way State sync that's a plain if-chain, not a switch — so the compiler can't catch a State that should time out but has no entry yet. Replaced the eleven near-identical if-blocks with a small TimeoutEntry table ({State, timeoutMs, optional action}) and a single loop, so adding a timed state going forward is one row instead of a copy-pasted block that's easy to get subtly wrong (wrong variable, missed needsRender, ...).

• BootChannelSelect keeps its distinct action (confirmBootChannel instead of enterIdle) via the table's optional action function pointer.
• DismissPrompt's extra per-tick candidate-refresh logic (not a timeout — it runs unconditionally every tick while the prompt is open) stays exactly where it was, deliberately not folded into the table.
• Idle/RangeTest/Charging remain absent, same as before (see the new comment above the table for why).

Behavior is unchanged — every {state, timeout, action} triple was carried over unmodified; this is a pure refactor.

Test plan

• pio run — builds clean
• pio test -e native — 61/61 pass
• Manual inspection: diffed every original if-block against its table row to confirm no timeout/action/state was dropped or altered
• On-hardware: spot-check a couple of the timed menus (e.g. Tone menu, Settings menu) still auto-return to Idle after the expected duration