sqlite: add stmt persistent flag

[araujogui]

Add statement's persistent argument flag

Reference:
https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_dont_log.html#sqlitepreparepersistent

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/sqlite

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Adds a new persistent option to DatabaseSync#prepare() in node:sqlite, exposing SQLite’s SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT hint to influence statement memory-allocation strategy for frequently reused prepared statements.

Changes:

• Add options.persistent parsing/validation to DatabaseSync::Prepare() and pass SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT via sqlite3_prepare_v3().
• Add parallel tests covering persistent: true/false, type validation, and interoperability with other options.
• Document the new option and update the implementation reference from sqlite3_prepare_v2() to sqlite3_prepare_v3().

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

File	Description
src/node_sqlite.cc	Parses options.persistent and uses sqlite3_prepare_v3(..., SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT) when enabled.
test/parallel/test-sqlite-statement-sync.js	Adds coverage for correct execution and argument validation for persistent.
doc/api/sqlite.md	Documents persistent and updates the underlying SQLite API reference/link definitions.

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[araujogui]

Interesting thing: SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT is enabled by default on better-sqlite3

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 90.90909% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 89.68%. Comparing base (3f52482) to head (5de847e).
⚠️ Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/node_sqlite.cc	90.90%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #62757      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   91.55%   89.68%   -1.88%     
==========================================
  Files         356      706     +350     
  Lines      149601   218146   +68545     
  Branches    23395    41735   +18340     
==========================================
+ Hits       136967   195638   +58671     
- Misses      12371    14407    +2036     
- Partials      263     8101    +7838     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/node_sqlite.cc	80.79% <90.90%> (ø)

... and 471 files with indirect coverage changes

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[louwers]

At least makes sense to enable it by default for SQLTagStore statements I'd say.