async_hooks: remove legacy AsyncLocalStorage implementation

[mcollina]

Remove the async_hooks-based AsyncLocalStorage fallback and the --no-async-context-frame flag, making AsyncContextFrame the sole implementation.

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/config

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 90.28%. Comparing base (8d0a3b8) to head (7972ebb).
⚠️ Report is 12 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #63641      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   90.29%   90.28%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         730      729       -1     
  Lines      234782   234607     -175     
  Branches    43953    43910      -43     
==========================================
- Hits       211993   211825     -168     
- Misses      14501    14502       +1     
+ Partials     8288     8280       -8     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/async_hooks.js	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
lib/internal/async_context_frame.js	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/async_context_frame.cc	100.00% <ø> (ø)
src/node_options.cc	76.55% <ø> (-0.13%)	⬇️
src/node_options.h	98.00% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️

... and 54 files with indirect coverage changes

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