Comprehensive Documentation Update and PascalCase Refactor

[ppant]

This PR provides a major update to the repository's documentation and structure. Key changes include:

• Renamed directories 'deque' to 'Deque' and 'Error-debug' to 'ErrorHandling' for consistency.
• Refactored all snake_case Python scripts in 'Arrays/' and 'Trees/' to PascalCase.
• Created/Updated README.md files for all 10 major subdirectories with consistent '## Contents' sections and LaTeX complexity notations.
• Rewrote the root README.md to be a comprehensive index of all 50 Python scripts, featuring a nested Table of Contents with working GitHub-style anchor links.
• Verified functional integrity of all 49 non-interactive scripts using a batch execution test.
• Corrected time complexity for Shell Sort in documentation.

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PR created automatically by Jules for task 7345658550556323892 started by @ppant

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