sign: Use MLD_ALLOC for all secret buffers in sign.c by mkannwischer · Pull Request #1077 · pq-code-package/mldsa-native

mkannwischer · 2026-04-30T15:08:29Z

As a follow-up to 64067ca, vonvert the stack-allocated rnd/seed/pre buffers in the public sign API
wrappers to MLD_ALLOC so that consumers using a custom allocator
(MLD_CONFIG_CUSTOM_ALLOC_FREE) place all sensitive material through the
same allocation path.

Fixed-size, non-secret stack buffers (hpk, ph, message[1] in PCT) are
left on the stack so that all verify routines perform the same set of
MLD_ALLOC allocations (and likewise for sign), which keeps a single
MLD_TOTAL_ALLOC_*_VERIFY / *_SIGN constant accurate without one variant
inflating the bound for the others.

oqs-bot · 2026-04-30T15:25:31Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-44)

Full Results (200 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	✅	1670s	1692s	-1.3%
`sign_verify_internal`	✅	136s	135s	+1%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	115s	120s	-4%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	111s	118s	-6%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	94s	95s	-1%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	87s	92s	-5%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	75s	81s	-7%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	✅	53s	52s	+2%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	42s	43s	-2%
`fqmul`	✅	29s	29s	+0%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	26s	25s	+4%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	26s	23s	+13%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	24s	22s	+9%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	22s	22s	+0%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	21s	21s	+0%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	✅	19s	20s	-5%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	18s	19s	-5%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	17s	16s	+6%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	17s	17s	+0%
`rej_uniform`	✅	16s	16s	+0%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	15s	18s	-17%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	14s	14s	+0%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	14s	15s	-7%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	13s	8s	+62%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	13s	12s	+8%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	12s	11s	+9%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	12s	14s	-14%
`poly_add`	✅	11s	10s	+10%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	11s	12s	-8%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	9s	11s	-18%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	8s	6s	+33%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`poly_power2round`	✅	8s	9s	-11%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	8s	5s	+60%
`sign`	✅	8s	7s	+14%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`polyveck_use_hint`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`decompose`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`mld_h`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`polyveck_pointwise_poly_montgomery`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`polyveck_power2round`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`poly_uniform`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyveck_add`	✅	5s	9s	-44%
`polyveck_sub`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyveck_unpack_t0`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`shake256`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sig_unpack_hints`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`fqscale`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`pack_pk`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2_t0`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_decompose`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_make_hint`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	4s	7s	-43%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`reduce32`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`shake256_release`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_keypair`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_signature`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sign_verify`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`caddq`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`pack_sig_h_poly`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	7s	-57%
`poly_challenge`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_reduce`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_sub`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_use_hint_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyveck_shiftl`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`rej_eta`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`shake256_init`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sign_open`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`unpack_pk_t1`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`unpack_sk`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`make_hint`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_ntt`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyveck_pack_t0`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`yvec_get_poly`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`yvec_init`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`keccak_init`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`poly_caddq`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`polyz_pack`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`power2round`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`shake128_init`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake128_release`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`use_hint`	✅	1s	2s	-50%

oqs-bot · 2026-04-30T15:26:52Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-44, REDUCE-RAM)

Full Results (200 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	✅	1449s	1544s	-6.2%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	164s	186s	-12%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	104s	111s	-6%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	102s	111s	-8%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	68s	82s	-17%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	58s	67s	-13%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	42s	44s	-5%
`sign_verify_internal`	✅	30s	30s	+0%
`fqmul`	✅	27s	30s	-10%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	25s	24s	+4%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	✅	19s	18s	+6%
`rej_uniform`	✅	19s	19s	+0%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	19s	20s	-5%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	18s	18s	+0%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	17s	19s	-11%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	15s	15s	+0%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	✅	15s	13s	+15%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	14s	15s	-7%
`polyveck_use_hint`	✅	13s	14s	-7%
`poly_add`	✅	12s	11s	+9%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	12s	12s	+0%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	11s	11s	+0%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	11s	12s	-8%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	10s	11s	-9%
`polyveck_pointwise_poly_montgomery`	✅	10s	8s	+25%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	9s	8s	+12%
`poly_power2round`	✅	9s	7s	+29%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	8s	6s	+33%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	8s	11s	-27%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	8s	6s	+33%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`polyveck_add`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row`	✅	6s	8s	-25%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	6s	9s	-33%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`sign`	✅	6s	9s	-33%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	1s	+400%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	7s	-29%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`poly_challenge`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`sign_open`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`unpack_sk`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`keccak_init`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyveck_power2round`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyveck_shiftl`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyveck_sub`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`shake128_release`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sig_unpack_hints`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sign_keypair`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	4s	7s	-43%
`sign_verify`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`unpack_pk_t1`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`caddq`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`decompose`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_h`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`pack_pk`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_make_hint`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_ntt`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_reduce`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_sub`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`poly_uniform`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_use_hint_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	3s	8s	-62%
`polyveck_pack_t0`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`power2round`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`reduce32`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`rej_eta`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sign_signature`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`yvec_get_poly`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`fqscale`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`make_hint`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	2s	6s	-67%
`pack_sig_h_poly`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2_t0`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_caddq`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`poly_decompose`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyveck_unpack_t0`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyz_pack`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake256`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake256_init`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256_release`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`use_hint`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake128_init`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`yvec_init`	✅	1s	3s	-67%

oqs-bot · 2026-04-30T15:26:57Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-87, REDUCE-RAM)

Full Results (200 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	✅	1760s	1753s	+0.4%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	215s	200s	+7%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	151s	150s	+1%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	117s	114s	+3%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	113s	111s	+2%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	84s	83s	+1%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	47s	44s	+7%
`sign_verify_internal`	✅	44s	44s	+0%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	32s	31s	+3%
`fqmul`	✅	30s	29s	+3%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	✅	26s	24s	+8%
`rej_uniform`	✅	22s	23s	-4%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	22s	21s	+5%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	21s	21s	+0%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	✅	19s	23s	-17%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	18s	18s	+0%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	18s	18s	+0%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	15s	14s	+7%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	14s	15s	-7%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	13s	14s	-7%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row`	✅	13s	13s	+0%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	13s	15s	-13%
`poly_add`	✅	12s	10s	+20%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	11s	13s	-15%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	11s	7s	+57%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	10s	12s	-17%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	10s	10s	+0%
`polyveck_pointwise_poly_montgomery`	✅	10s	12s	-17%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	8s	9s	-11%
`poly_power2round`	✅	8s	10s	-20%
`polyveck_add`	✅	8s	11s	-27%
`polyveck_power2round`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`polyveck_use_hint`	✅	8s	7s	+14%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`polyveck_sub`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`sign`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`poly_sub`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`sig_unpack_hints`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`sign_open`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`sign_verify`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`decompose`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`keccak_init`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	5s	1s	+400%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`pack_pk`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_caddq`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_ntt`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_reduce`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`poly_use_hint_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	5s	8s	-38%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	5s	1s	+400%
`unpack_pk_t1`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`use_hint`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_h`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2_t0`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_challenge`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_uniform`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyveck_shiftl`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`shake128_init`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`shake256`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_signature`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	4s	10s	-60%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`make_hint`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_decompose`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_make_hint`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyveck_unpack_t0`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`power2round`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`shake256_release`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`unpack_sk`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`pack_sig_h_poly`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyveck_pack_t0`	✅	2s	6s	-67%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyz_pack`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`reduce32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128_release`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`sign_keypair`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`yvec_get_poly`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`yvec_init`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`caddq`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`fqscale`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`rej_eta`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake256_init`	✅	1s	3s	-67%

oqs-bot · 2026-04-30T15:27:37Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-65, REDUCE-RAM)

Full Results (200 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	✅	1498s	1648s	-9.1%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	164s	217s	-24%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	103s	116s	-11%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	96s	115s	-17%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	74s	79s	-6%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	69s	87s	-21%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	41s	44s	-7%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	✅	30s	34s	-12%
`fqmul`	✅	27s	32s	-16%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	21s	23s	-9%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	21s	22s	-5%
`sign_verify_internal`	✅	20s	21s	-5%
`rej_uniform`	✅	19s	22s	-14%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	18s	20s	-10%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	16s	17s	-6%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	16s	16s	+0%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row`	✅	15s	15s	+0%
`polyveck_power2round`	✅	15s	17s	-12%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	14s	15s	-7%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	14s	12s	+17%
`polyveck_add`	✅	13s	14s	-7%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	✅	13s	17s	-24%
`poly_add`	✅	12s	13s	-8%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	11s	10s	+10%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	11s	11s	+0%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	10s	10s	+0%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	9s	12s	-25%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	9s	8s	+12%
`polyveck_use_hint`	✅	9s	8s	+12%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	8s	9s	-11%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	8s	9s	-11%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	7s	2s	+250%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`polyveck_pointwise_poly_montgomery`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`polyveck_shiftl`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`polyveck_sub`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	7s	9s	-22%
`sign_verify`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	6s	9s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`poly_power2round`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`power2round`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`sig_unpack_hints`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`sign`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`make_hint`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyveck_unpack_t0`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_h`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_challenge`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_decompose`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyveck_pack_t0`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	4s	7s	-43%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`caddq`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`decompose`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`fqscale`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccak_init`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`pack_pk`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`pack_sig_h_poly`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2_t0`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_caddq`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_ntt`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_reduce`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_sub`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_uniform`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`reduce32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`shake128_init`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`shake256`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sign_keypair`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sign_open`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`unpack_pk_t1`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`yvec_get_poly`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`yvec_init`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	2s	6s	-67%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_make_hint`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_use_hint_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyz_pack`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`rej_eta`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256_init`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake256_release`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`sign_signature`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`unpack_sk`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`use_hint`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	1s	6s	-83%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake128_release`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	1s	3s	-67%

oqs-bot · 2026-04-30T15:28:45Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-87)

Full Results (200 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	✅	2791s	2476s	+12.7%
`sign_verify_internal`	✅	416s	372s	+12%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	385s	317s	+21%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	186s	159s	+17%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	133s	120s	+11%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	✅	121s	110s	+10%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	108s	94s	+15%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	108s	88s	+23%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	85s	74s	+15%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	62s	56s	+11%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	54s	49s	+10%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	46s	42s	+10%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	40s	37s	+8%
`polyveck_power2round`	✅	36s	34s	+6%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	✅	34s	35s	-3%
`fqmul`	✅	31s	28s	+11%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	31s	29s	+7%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	23s	22s	+5%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	21s	15s	+40%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	21s	18s	+17%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	20s	20s	+0%
`rej_uniform`	✅	17s	15s	+13%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	16s	16s	+0%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	16s	14s	+14%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	15s	13s	+15%
`poly_add`	✅	14s	10s	+40%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	13s	10s	+30%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	13s	13s	+0%
`polyveck_add`	✅	13s	11s	+18%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	13s	10s	+30%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	13s	9s	+44%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	12s	9s	+33%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	11s	8s	+38%
`polyveck_use_hint`	✅	11s	10s	+10%
`poly_power2round`	✅	10s	7s	+43%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	9s	9s	+0%
`polyveck_pointwise_poly_montgomery`	✅	9s	9s	+0%
`polyveck_shiftl`	✅	9s	7s	+29%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	8s	9s	-11%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	8s	7s	+14%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	8s	9s	-11%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	8s	10s	-20%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	8s	2s	+300%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`poly_challenge`	✅	7s	3s	+133%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	7s	9s	-22%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`polyveck_sub`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`sign`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`poly_decompose`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`sig_unpack_hints`	✅	6s	8s	-25%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	5s	1s	+400%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	5s	1s	+400%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	5s	8s	-38%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`pack_pk`	✅	5s	7s	-29%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyveck_unpack_t0`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	5s	1s	+400%
`sign_open`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`unpack_sk`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`mld_h`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_ntt`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_reduce`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_uniform`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_use_hint_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`shake256_init`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_keypair`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_verify`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`use_hint`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`yvec_init`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`fqscale`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`pack_sig_h_poly`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_make_hint`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyveck_pack_t0`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyz_pack`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake128_init`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake128_release`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake256`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`unpack_pk_t1`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`caddq`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`decompose`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`keccak_init`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`make_hint`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2_t0`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_caddq`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`power2round`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`rej_eta`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256_release`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sign_signature`	✅	2s	6s	-67%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`yvec_get_poly`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`poly_sub`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`reduce32`	✅	1s	2s	-50%

oqs-bot · 2026-04-30T15:35:26Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-65)

Full Results (200 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	✅	2449s	2344s	+4.5%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	560s	519s	+8%
`sign_verify_internal`	✅	258s	246s	+5%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	127s	123s	+3%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	126s	125s	+1%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	99s	95s	+4%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	96s	95s	+1%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	78s	73s	+7%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	✅	43s	40s	+7%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	42s	40s	+5%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	30s	27s	+11%
`fqmul`	✅	29s	26s	+12%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	29s	26s	+12%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	26s	27s	-4%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	25s	23s	+9%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	22s	21s	+5%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	19s	18s	+6%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	✅	19s	20s	-5%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	18s	18s	+0%
`rej_uniform`	✅	17s	16s	+6%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	16s	15s	+7%
`polyveck_power2round`	✅	16s	16s	+0%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	15s	15s	+0%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	14s	16s	-12%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	14s	15s	-7%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	13s	13s	+0%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	13s	13s	+0%
`poly_add`	✅	11s	9s	+22%
`polyveck_add`	✅	11s	9s	+22%
`polyveck_use_hint`	✅	11s	9s	+22%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	10s	8s	+25%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	10s	6s	+67%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	10s	9s	+11%
`poly_power2round`	✅	10s	12s	-17%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	9s	6s	+50%
`polyveck_pointwise_poly_montgomery`	✅	9s	7s	+29%
`sign`	✅	9s	7s	+29%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	8s	9s	-11%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	8s	9s	-11%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	8s	7s	+14%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`poly_challenge`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`polyveck_shiftl`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`sign_verify`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`polyveck_sub`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`sig_unpack_hints`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`sign_open`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`fqscale`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2_t0`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`poly_ntt`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_use_hint_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`sign_signature`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`unpack_sk`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`decompose`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`mld_h`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`pack_sig_h_poly`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_make_hint`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_uniform`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`yvec_get_poly`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccak_init`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`poly_decompose`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_reduce`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_sub`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyveck_pack_t0`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`polyveck_unpack_t0`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`power2round`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`rej_eta`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`shake256_init`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sign_keypair`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`use_hint`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`caddq`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`make_hint`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_caddq`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyz_pack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`reduce32`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128_init`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`unpack_pk_t1`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`yvec_init`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`pack_pk`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake128_release`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake256`	✅	1s	6s	-83%
`shake256_release`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	1s	3s	-67%

hanno-becker

I'm not sure this is the right move -- the cost of an alloc/free is negligible, less important IMO than uniformity for the allocation mechanism. For the security-critical RNG bytes in particular, one could imagine a use case where the consumer has registered a dedicated allocator from a "special" -- in some sense -- to hold the security sensitive material.

Can we rather go the other way, and strive to use MLD_ALLOC/MLD_FREE exclusively?

mkannwischer · 2026-05-01T12:26:22Z

I'm not sure this is the right move -- the cost of an alloc/free is negligible, less important IMO than uniformity for the allocation mechanism. For the security-critical RNG bytes in particular, one could imagine a use case where the consumer has registered a dedicated allocator from a "special" -- in some sense -- to hold the security sensitive material.

Can we rather go the other way, and strive to use MLD_ALLOC/MLD_FREE exclusively?

I don't have a strong opinion which way - I just wanted it to be consistent and the majority of tiny buffers were on the stack.
Happy to change. ~~I think the same applies to mlkem-native.~~ No changes needed in mlkem-native.

hanno-becker · 2026-05-02T07:02:53Z

+  MLD_ALLOC(pre, uint8_t, MLD_DOMAIN_SEPARATION_MAX_BYTES, context);
+


Let's follow the PR description "Fixed-size, non-secret stack buffers (hpk, ph, message[1] in PCT) are
left on the stack" and restrict the change to seed and rng for now.

hanno-becker

Thank you @mkannwischer! Good to have that unified for the secret seed and rng buffers. As per the PR description, I think the public, small + statically sized domain separation prefix can be continued to be allocated on the stack for now.

Convert the stack-allocated rnd/seed buffers in the public sign API wrappers to MLD_ALLOC so that consumers using a custom allocator (MLD_CONFIG_CUSTOM_ALLOC_FREE) place RNG-derived secret material through the same allocation path. Signed-off-by: Matthias J. Kannwischer <matthias@zerorisc.com>

hanno-becker requested changes May 1, 2026

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mkannwischer force-pushed the sign-rnd-on-stack branch from 985c2d5 to 6ebd734 Compare May 1, 2026 13:14

mkannwischer changed the title ~~sign: Move rnd buffer to the stack in mld_sign_signature~~ sign: Use MLD_ALLOC for all secret buffers in sign.c May 1, 2026

mkannwischer force-pushed the sign-rnd-on-stack branch 3 times, most recently from 63c03d0 to 434f7e7 Compare May 1, 2026 14:16

mkannwischer marked this pull request as ready for review May 2, 2026 02:04

mkannwischer requested a review from a team as a code owner May 2, 2026 02:04

hanno-becker reviewed May 2, 2026

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hanno-becker requested changes May 2, 2026

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mkannwischer force-pushed the sign-rnd-on-stack branch 2 times, most recently from 97ada0c to 2ef6c69 Compare May 3, 2026 02:24

hanno-becker approved these changes May 4, 2026

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mkannwischer force-pushed the sign-rnd-on-stack branch from 2ef6c69 to c58a86d Compare May 4, 2026 12:49

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sign: Use MLD_ALLOC for all secret buffers in sign.c#1077

sign: Use MLD_ALLOC for all secret buffers in sign.c#1077
mkannwischer wants to merge 1 commit intomainfrom
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		MLD_ALLOC(pre, uint8_t, MLD_DOMAIN_SEPARATION_MAX_BYTES, context);

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CBMC Results (ML-DSA-44)

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CBMC Results (ML-DSA-44, REDUCE-RAM)

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CBMC Results (ML-DSA-87, REDUCE-RAM)

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CBMC Results (ML-DSA-65, REDUCE-RAM)

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CBMC Results (ML-DSA-87)

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CBMC Results (ML-DSA-65)

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mkannwischer commented May 1, 2026 • edited Loading Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page.

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mkannwischer commented Apr 30, 2026 •

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