Quantum dense coding protocols using different entangled states are comparatively analyzed under ideal and Pauli noisy environments. Theoretical and Qiskit simulation results show excellent agreement, revealing trade-offs in robustness, circuit depth, and gate complexity, providing a practical framework for future quantum communication networks.
noisy-channel-model quantum-communication bell-state cluster-state ghz-state qber quantum-dense-coding state-fidelity
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Updated
Jul 31, 2026 - Jupyter Notebook