lowram: Eliminate y vector in REDUCE_RAM mode in sign by mkannwischer · Pull Request #1031 · pq-code-package/mldsa-native

mkannwischer · 2026-04-08T09:40:14Z

Add mld_yvec following the lazy polyvec pattern: in REDUCE_RAM mode it
stores only the seed and nonce and regenerates y[i] on demand. The
fused matrix-vector helper mld_polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec
samples y column-by-column in REDUCE_RAM mode.

Depends on lowram: Stream matrix A element-by-element to reduce memory #1019
Depends on CBMC: Cover MLD_CONFIG_REDUCE_RAM mode #1060
Hoisted out from PoC: Reduce large struct allocations to <= 13/17/21 KiB for ML-DSA-44/65/87 #1005

oqs-bot · 2026-04-08T09:58:00Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-65)

Full Results (194 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	✅	1954s	3230s	-39.5%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	202s	1340s	-85%
`sign_verify_internal`	✅	190s	262s	-27%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	123s	124s	-1%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	122s	138s	-12%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	105s	112s	-6%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	92s	93s	-1%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	77s	76s	+1%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	✅	68s	68s	+0%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	41s	43s	-5%
`fqmul`	✅	27s	29s	-7%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	27s	29s	-7%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	23s	22s	+5%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	22s	22s	+0%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	21s	29s	-28%
`rej_uniform`	✅	21s	21s	+0%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	20s	19s	+5%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	✅	20s	16s	+25%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	19s	21s	-10%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	16s	17s	-6%
`polyveck_power2round`	✅	16s	13s	+23%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	16s	15s	+7%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	13s	14s	-7%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	13s	12s	+8%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	13s	17s	-24%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	11s	12s	-8%
`polyveck_add`	✅	11s	13s	-15%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	11s	9s	+22%
`poly_add`	✅	10s	13s	-23%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	9s	9s	+0%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	9s	5s	+80%
`polyveck_pointwise_poly_montgomery`	✅	9s	10s	-10%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	8s	7s	+14%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	8s	7s	+14%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	8s	6s	+33%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	8s	7s	+14%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`sign`	✅	8s	9s	-11%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`poly_uniform`	✅	7s	3s	+133%
`polyveck_shiftl`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`polyveck_sub`	✅	7s	13s	-46%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	7s	15s	-53%
`unpack_sk`	✅	7s	3s	+133%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	6s	9s	-33%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	6s	-	new
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	6s	10s	-40%
`polyveck_use_hint`	✅	6s	9s	-33%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`sign_open`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`unpack_hints`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`mld_h`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2_t0`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_ntt`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_power2round`	✅	5s	7s	-29%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	5s	7s	-29%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`caddq`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`decompose`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	4s	-	new
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyveck_pack_t0`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	4s	8s	-50%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`shake256`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sign_signature`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sign_verify`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`use_hint`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`fqscale`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`make_hint`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_caddq`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_challenge`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_decompose`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_reduce`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_sub`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyveck_unpack_t0`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sign_keypair`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`unpack_pk`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`unpack_sig`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`pack_pk`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`pack_sig_h_poly`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_make_hint`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyz_pack`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`rej_eta`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake128_init`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake128_release`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256_init`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256_release`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	2s	6s	-67%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_init`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`power2round`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`reduce32`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	1s	3s	-67%

oqs-bot · 2026-04-08T09:59:09Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-87)

Full Results (194 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	✅	2260s	2226s	+1.5%
`sign_verify_internal`	✅	344s	315s	+9%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	245s	227s	+8%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	156s	152s	+3%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	122s	123s	-1%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	96s	93s	+3%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	95s	102s	-7%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	78s	77s	+1%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	✅	65s	80s	-19%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	57s	42s	+36%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	44s	47s	-6%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	42s	44s	-5%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	33s	33s	+0%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	✅	31s	30s	+3%
`fqmul`	✅	27s	28s	-4%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	22s	22s	+0%
`rej_uniform`	✅	22s	21s	+5%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	19s	20s	-5%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	16s	17s	-6%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	16s	17s	-6%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	15s	7s	+114%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	15s	14s	+7%
`polyveck_power2round`	✅	14s	9s	+56%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	12s	10s	+20%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	12s	11s	+9%
`poly_add`	✅	11s	12s	-8%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	11s	9s	+22%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	11s	12s	-8%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	11s	6s	+83%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	10s	9s	+11%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	10s	10s	+0%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	10s	13s	-23%
`polyveck_add`	✅	9s	9s	+0%
`polyveck_use_hint`	✅	9s	8s	+12%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	9s	9s	+0%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	8s	10s	-20%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	8s	6s	+33%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	8s	3s	+167%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	7s	15s	-53%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`poly_power2round`	✅	7s	9s	-22%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`sign`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`poly_challenge`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	6s	8s	-25%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`shake256`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`sign_open`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`unpack_hints`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	5s	7s	-29%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`make_hint`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`mld_h`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	5s	8s	-38%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	5s	-	new
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	5s	8s	-38%
`polyveck_sub`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	5s	7s	-29%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`unpack_sk`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`caddq`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccak_init`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2_t0`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_decompose`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_ntt`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_uniform`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyveck_pointwise_poly_montgomery`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`polyveck_shiftl`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyz_pack`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_keypair`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_signature`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`unpack_sig`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	3s	-	new
`pack_pk`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_caddq`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyveck_pack_t0`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyveck_unpack_t0`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`power2round`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`reduce32`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sign_verify`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`unpack_pk`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`use_hint`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`decompose`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`pack_sig_h_poly`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`poly_make_hint`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_reduce`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_sub`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`rej_eta`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake128_init`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128_release`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256_init`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`fqscale`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake256_release`	✅	1s	3s	-67%

oqs-bot · 2026-04-08T10:01:07Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-44)

⚠️ Attention Required

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	⚠️	2895s	1945s	+48.8%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	⚠️	1175s	349s	+237%

Full Results (194 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	⚠️	2895s	1945s	+48.8%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	⚠️	1175s	349s	+237%
`sign_verify_internal`	✅	238s	175s	+36%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	132s	122s	+8%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	119s	105s	+13%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	100s	95s	+5%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	85s	77s	+10%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	✅	56s	75s	-25%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	46s	44s	+5%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	33s	33s	+0%
`fqmul`	✅	31s	30s	+3%
`rej_uniform`	✅	26s	22s	+18%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	23s	23s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	22s	22s	+0%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	21s	18s	+17%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	20s	19s	+5%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	17s	16s	+6%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	17s	16s	+6%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	✅	16s	20s	-20%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	15s	14s	+7%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	14s	11s	+27%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	13s	12s	+8%
`poly_add`	✅	12s	12s	+0%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	12s	9s	+33%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	11s	11s	+0%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	10s	9s	+11%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	9s	6s	+50%
`poly_power2round`	✅	9s	7s	+29%
`unpack_hints`	✅	9s	5s	+80%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	8s	6s	+33%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	8s	6s	+33%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`mld_h`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	7s	9s	-22%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	7s	10s	-30%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	6s	13s	-54%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`polyveck_add`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`unpack_sk`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_reduce`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	5s	1s	+400%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`polyveck_pointwise_poly_montgomery`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`power2round`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`sign`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sign_keypair`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sign_open`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sign_signature`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`keccak_init`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_challenge`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyveck_pack_t0`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyveck_power2round`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyveck_shiftl`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyveck_sub`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyveck_unpack_t0`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyveck_use_hint`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`shake128_init`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`shake256_init`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`sign_verify`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`unpack_pk`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`decompose`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`fqscale`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	3s	-	new
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`pack_sig_h_poly`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_caddq`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_decompose`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_make_hint`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_ntt`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_sub`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_uniform`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	3s	8s	-62%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyz_pack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake256_release`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`use_hint`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`caddq`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`make_hint`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2_t0`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	2s	6s	-67%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	2s	-	new
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`rej_eta`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake128_release`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`unpack_sig`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`pack_pk`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`reduce32`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`shake256`	✅	1s	4s	-75%

oqs-bot · 2026-04-24T04:11:14Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-44, REDUCE-RAM)

⚠️ Attention Required

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`polyveck_power2round`	⚠️	23s	12s	+92%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	⚠️	20s	5s	+300%

Full Results (194 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	✅	1537s	1485s	+3.5%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	110s	111s	-1%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	107s	112s	-4%
`sign_verify_internal`	✅	107s	101s	+6%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	106s	110s	-4%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	75s	76s	-1%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	66s	-	new
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	49s	61s	-20%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	42s	45s	-7%
`fqmul`	✅	29s	29s	+0%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	✅	25s	37s	-32%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	23s	23s	+0%
`polyveck_power2round`	⚠️	23s	12s	+92%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	⚠️	20s	5s	+300%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	18s	17s	+6%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	17s	16s	+6%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	15s	15s	+0%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	15s	14s	+7%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	14s	10s	+40%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	14s	16s	-12%
`poly_add`	✅	13s	11s	+18%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	12s	11s	+9%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	11s	9s	+22%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	11s	13s	-15%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	10s	10s	+0%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	9s	5s	+80%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	9s	4s	+125%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	✅	9s	13s	-31%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	8s	6s	+33%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	8s	10s	-20%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`fqscale`	✅	7s	3s	+133%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`polyveck_add`	✅	7s	11s	-36%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`rej_uniform`	✅	7s	10s	-30%
`sign`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	6s	8s	-25%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	6s	9s	-33%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`poly_uniform`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	6s	8s	-25%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	6s	8s	-25%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`unpack_hints`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`mld_h`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	7s	-29%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	5s	7s	-29%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyveck_shiftl`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`sign_signature`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	5s	7s	-29%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`unpack_sk`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`make_hint`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2_t0`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_ntt`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_power2round`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyveck_pack_t0`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyveck_pointwise_poly_montgomery`	✅	4s	8s	-50%
`polyveck_sub`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`reduce32`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sign_open`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sign_verify`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`pack_pk`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`pack_sig_h_poly`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_caddq`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyveck_unpack_t0`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyveck_use_hint`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyz_pack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`rej_eta`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`shake128_release`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`shake256_init`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake256_release`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`unpack_pk`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`unpack_sig`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`use_hint`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`caddq`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`decompose`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_init`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	2s	6s	-67%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	2s	-	new
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_challenge`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_reduce`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_sub`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`power2round`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake128_init`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sign_keypair`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`poly_decompose`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`poly_make_hint`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	1s	3s	-67%

oqs-bot · 2026-04-24T04:12:09Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-65, REDUCE-RAM)

Full Results (194 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	✅	1677s	1592s	+5.3%
`sign_verify_internal`	✅	126s	152s	-17%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	119s	120s	-1%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	111s	111s	+0%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	106s	106s	+0%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	95s	98s	-3%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	80s	75s	+7%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	71s	-	new
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	45s	42s	+7%
`fqmul`	✅	28s	28s	+0%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	✅	27s	41s	-34%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	25s	24s	+4%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	24s	25s	-4%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	19s	15s	+27%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	✅	19s	15s	+27%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	16s	17s	-6%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	16s	14s	+14%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	16s	3s	+433%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	14s	16s	-12%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	13s	11s	+18%
`polyveck_power2round`	✅	13s	12s	+8%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	11s	10s	+10%
`poly_add`	✅	11s	13s	-15%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	10s	9s	+11%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	10s	8s	+25%
`polyveck_add`	✅	10s	9s	+11%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	10s	8s	+25%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	9s	7s	+29%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	9s	7s	+29%
`polyveck_pointwise_poly_montgomery`	✅	9s	9s	+0%
`rej_uniform`	✅	9s	8s	+12%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	8s	6s	+33%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	8s	7s	+14%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	8s	10s	-20%
`sign`	✅	8s	6s	+33%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	7s	3s	+133%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	7s	3s	+133%
`poly_reduce`	✅	7s	2s	+250%
`polyveck_shiftl`	✅	7s	24s	-71%
`polyveck_use_hint`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`reduce32`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`unpack_sk`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`keccak_init`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`pack_sig_h_poly`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_decompose`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_power2round`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	5s	8s	-38%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`polyveck_sub`	✅	5s	8s	-38%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sign_keypair`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sign_verify`	✅	5s	7s	-29%
`caddq`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_caddq`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_uniform`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyveck_unpack_t0`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyz_pack`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`power2round`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`shake128_init`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`sign_open`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`unpack_hints`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`decompose`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	3s	-	new
`pack_pk`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_challenge`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_ntt`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_sub`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake128_release`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake256`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`shake256_release`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`use_hint`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`fqscale`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`make_hint`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_h`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2_t0`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`rej_eta`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake256_init`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sign_signature`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`unpack_sig`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`poly_make_hint`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`polyveck_pack_t0`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`unpack_pk`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	1s	4s	-75%

oqs-bot · 2026-04-24T04:12:27Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-87, REDUCE-RAM)

Full Results (194 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	✅	2098s	2154s	-2.6%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	539s	583s	-8%
`sign_verify_internal`	✅	174s	229s	-24%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	110s	104s	+6%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	105s	102s	+3%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	105s	107s	-2%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	90s	-	new
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	73s	75s	-3%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	42s	42s	+0%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	28s	32s	-12%
`fqmul`	✅	26s	27s	-4%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	✅	23s	46s	-50%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	22s	23s	-4%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	18s	14s	+29%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	16s	14s	+14%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	15s	5s	+200%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	14s	15s	-7%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	14s	15s	-7%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	13s	13s	+0%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	✅	13s	16s	-19%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	12s	10s	+20%
`poly_add`	✅	12s	11s	+9%
`polyveck_add`	✅	12s	6s	+100%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	12s	12s	+0%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	9s	5s	+80%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	9s	7s	+29%
`polyveck_power2round`	✅	9s	12s	-25%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	8s	5s	+60%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	8s	6s	+33%
`polyveck_pointwise_poly_montgomery`	✅	8s	9s	-11%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	7s	9s	-22%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	7s	11s	-36%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`polyveck_use_hint`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	7s	11s	-36%
`rej_uniform`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`sign`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	6s	10s	-40%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	6s	9s	-33%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`sign_verify`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`fqscale`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_challenge`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`poly_sub`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	5s	9s	-44%
`polyveck_shiftl`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`sign_signature`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`unpack_hints`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`unpack_pk`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`pack_pk`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`pack_sig_h_poly`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_decompose`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_reduce`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_uniform`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`polyveck_sub`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyveck_unpack_t0`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyz_pack`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`shake256_init`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	4s	7s	-43%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`unpack_sk`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`use_hint`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`keccak_init`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_h`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	3s	-	new
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2_t0`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake128_init`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake128_release`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake256`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`unpack_sig`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`make_hint`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_caddq`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`poly_make_hint`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_ntt`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyveck_pack_t0`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	2s	8s	-75%
`power2round`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`rej_eta`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sign_keypair`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sign_open`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`caddq`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`decompose`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`poly_power2round`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`reduce32`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`shake256_release`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	1s	2s	-50%

hanno-becker

I am wary of the code duplication introduced here and furthered with the introduction of the lazy zvec, but I agree with you @mkannwischer that this is better discussed once everything is in place.

I'm happy to proceed with this PR once #1060 is merged and this one is rebased atop (as I understand it the plan?)

mkannwischer · 2026-04-28T06:50:28Z

I am wary of the code duplication introduced here and furthered with the introduction of the lazy zvec, but I agree with you @mkannwischer that this is better discussed once everything is in place.

I'm happy to proceed with this PR once #1060 is merged and this one is rebased atop (as I understand it the plan?)

Rebased now.

Add mld_yvec following the lazy polyvec pattern: in REDUCE_RAM mode it stores only the seed and nonce and regenerates y[i] on demand. The fused matrix-vector helper mld_polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec samples y column-by-column in REDUCE_RAM mode. Adjust CBMC proofs accordingly. Signed-off-by: Matthias J. Kannwischer <matthias@zerorisc.com>

mkannwischer added the low-ram label Apr 8, 2026

mkannwischer force-pushed the lowram-sign-eliminate-y branch 3 times, most recently from 4b9fcd1 to cef9d32 Compare April 9, 2026 02:29

mkannwischer marked this pull request as ready for review April 9, 2026 03:05

mkannwischer requested a review from a team as a code owner April 9, 2026 03:05

mkannwischer assigned hanno-becker Apr 9, 2026

mkannwischer mentioned this pull request Apr 15, 2026

lowram: Stream matrix A element-by-element to reduce memory #1019

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mkannwischer force-pushed the lowram-sign-eliminate-y branch 3 times, most recently from c305d6f to 09dd2ba Compare April 21, 2026 02:27

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Comment thread mldsa/src/polyvec_lazy.c

mkannwischer force-pushed the lowram-sign-eliminate-y branch from fd688ec to a700d21 Compare April 24, 2026 03:55

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mkannwischer force-pushed the lowram-sign-eliminate-y branch from 2a9fad2 to 18d019f Compare April 28, 2026 06:49

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hanno-becker merged commit c632ec6 into main Apr 28, 2026
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mkannwischer mentioned this pull request Apr 28, 2026

CBMC: Add contracts and proofs for yvec init/get_poly #1066

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lowram: Eliminate y vector in REDUCE_RAM mode in sign#1031

lowram: Eliminate y vector in REDUCE_RAM mode in sign#1031
hanno-becker merged 1 commit intomainfrom
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